Обретите углеродистую сталь. Выберите материал для рукояти. Начертите ваше лезвие. Соберите ваши орудия.

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There are many different kinds and grades of steel. Do not use stainless steel, as the metal is difficult to work with and the blade will not be as fine. 01 is a popular carbon steel for blade making because it is easy to douse when hot. Try to get a slab or bar between 1/8 to ¼ inch thick. Wood is an easy one to work with, though you can make a handle out of anything you would like. Since this guide is for a full tang knife, pick a material that you can attach with rivets. G10, micarta, and kirinite all are good choices and are waterproof. Using a permanent marker, trace your blade onto the slab. This will be the guide you use when you cut the steel. Be sure to trace the tang as well, because the blade and tang are one connected piece. Make adjustments to the size as necessary once you see the outline on the metal. You will need a hacksaw, an angle grinder with a hard wheel and flap wheel, a vise, a drill, and protective wear also a few other tools you could have are bandsaw and a grizzly or KMG grinder. You will need several replacement blades for the saw.


Обрисуйте контур майки или футболки (предварительно заправив рукава вовнутрь, чтобы обводить только проемы для рук) на газете или на развернутом коричневом бумажном пакете. Добавьте около 13 миллиметров по всему контуру для припуска на шов. Для передней части сделайте две половинки. Чтобы сделать заднюю часть, разверните футболку и обведите ее. Вырежьте выкройки и осмотрите их. Купите ткань.

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This simple method ensures the vest will be a good fit without the hassle of measurements, etc. Seam allowance is the part that gets folded under when you make the seams. For each half, fold the t-shirt in half vertically and trace around it, adding seam allowance along the outer edge plus a little extra room for the front-center overlap if desired (e.g., where you'd put snaps or buttons). Again, add room (1/2 inch) for the seam allowance. Keep in mind the back may have a higher neckline than the front pieces, depending on your design. Put the cutout pieces together as they would be for the vest, making sure the armholes and hem line up. You'll need at least 1 to 1 1/2 yards for the vest, and an equal amount for the lining.  The lining is the part that goes inside the vest, on the reverse side of the outer cloth. If you have doubts as to how much fabric you need, take your pattern to the fabric or craft store and ask for help. It's always better to have a bit extra material than not enough. You can choose from a wide range of materials for your vest. Keep in mind the season when selecting your fabric; for example, you can use a light wool for autumn, velvet for winter, seersucker for spring, and silk or light cotton for summer.


Обрывайте растения примерно за 4–6 недель до последнего мороза. Обрежьте мертвые или чахнущие цветы у основания. Удалите семенные шапки, если не хотите, чтобы вербена распространялась естественным путем. Не проводите сильную обрезку осенью, чтобы помочь растению выжить зимой. Рассыпьте мульчу вокруг растения, чтобы защитить его зимой.

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Consult an almanac or a weather service to see when the last frost usually occurs in your area. If you’re unsure about the dates, plan to deadhead early in the autumn. Deadheading is the process of removing dead flowers, growth, or seed heads. This will help your plant grow new flowers next year. As the flowers begin to droop, fade, or die, cut them off at the base of the flower. You can also twist the stem and pinch the flowers or seed heads off. Throw them in a compost pile or in the trash. Seed heads are the top of the flower that contains the seeds after the petals have died or fallen off. Removing the seed heads keeps your verbena from spreading its seeds. If you want verbena to spread across your garden, don't remove the seed heads.  If you allow the verbena to propagate naturally, you won’t be able to control the spread of verbena, but the new seedlings may be hardier and more drought resistant than verbena grown from clippings.  Some people prefer to leave seed heads in winter because it helps liven up the winter garden. If you prefer this look, remove any seedlings when you cut back the plant in spring. While deadheading is useful in autumn, avoid doing any heavier trimming than that. This will help the verbena survive the winter. Save any additional pruning for early spring of the next year. Once you have finished deadheading, add a layer of mulch around the base of the plant. You can use a mulch that contains wood shavings, leaf mold, or compost. This will help protect the verbena in the winter.


Обрызгайте кошек из садового шланга. Используйте реагирующий на движение разбрызгиватель. Используйте для отпугивания кошек ультразвуковое устройство. Заведите собаку.

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If you are watchful, you may be able to simply spray cats with a water hose whenever they are trying to use your garden. Cats can be trained, so if you are persistent, this may eventually be enough to permanently drive them away. Be gentle when you are spraying cats with a water hose. Most cats do not like water, so a quick, gentle squirt is usually enough—there is no need for high-powered nozzles, or to thoroughly soak the intruding cats. Motion-activated sprinklers are available from home supply stores. When a cat walks by, the motion triggers the sprinkler, which sprays a burst of water. Most cats do not like getting wet, so this can often be an effective deterrent. Use motion-activated sprinklers to create a border around your garden. These sprinklers can be installed either permanently or temporarily, depending on your preference and needs. These emit a high-frequency sound that cats detest, but which humans cannot hear. These devices are motion-activated, so that when a cat walks by, it is startled by the high-frequency sound and should leave the area. Look for ultrasonic devices at a pet supply store, and use them to create a barrier around your garden. Cats will not linger in areas they do not feel are safe from predators. For this reason, a dog that chases cats can effectively keep them out of your garden.


Обследуйте вашего кота. Подготовьте продукты. Заботьтесь о безопасности пищевых продуктов. Купите мясо.

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Your cat should be completely healthy before you begin feeding her a homemade diet. Take your cat to the veterinarian for a thorough examination. You should also show the diet and recipes to a certified animal nutritionist to make sure they provide all the nutrients your cat needs. The veterinarian can help you locate a certified animal nutritionist in your area or you can find one online. When you grind and freeze raw cat food, this reduces the amount of taurine available to the cat. You'll need to supplement this amino acid to prevent major eye and cardiac problems. Recognize that a taurine deficiency doesn't show up immediately. Instead, it will take a few years, but by then the damage may be irreversible. Ask the animal nutrition expert to recommend a specific dosage for your cat. Any time you handle raw food, you need to wash your hands frequently and safely store the meat. This is important to prevent salmonella poisoning. Always use fresh meat, never meat that looks like it's starting to go bad. This can increase the risk of disease.  Handling raw meat when pregnant can increase your risk for toxoplasmosis, a parasitic disease. Wash your hands frequently or wear gloves when handling meat.  If you're concerned about the nutrition of a raw diet, understand that no nutrients are lost by preparing raw food rather than cooking it for your pet. Depending on what meat you choose to use, you may have a hard time finding high-quality meat. While it might be easy to buy a whole chicken from your grocery store, you may need to seek out a local farmer or butcher to get organ meat. If you can only find whole chicken to use, only grind up and offer bones that are small. However, if you include bones that are too large, your cat will simply avoid them. Just make sure not to cook the bones, which can cause them to splinter and damage your cat's digestive system. Fortunately, pre-made mixes of ground raw meat are increasingly available in refrigerated and frozen sections of pet stores. All you need to do is thaw and...


Обследуйте окрестности и постарайтесь отметить для себя что-то новое и интересное. Чтобы расширить круг знакомств, знакомьтесь с новыми людьми. Будьте открыты к новому опыту и впечатлениям. Тренируйте свою память. Научитесь применять полученные знания в своей повседневной жизни.

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Learning something new can be as simple as just paying closer attention to the things around you. For example, the next time you go to get your morning coffee, notice how the barista prepares your order. You might find yourself thinking, “Oh, that’s what a pour over is! I learned something new!” Interacting with people is one of the best ways to learn! Make it a point to get to know new people on a regular basis. You can ask them about their experiences and preferences, learning a lot in the process. Actually doing things is a great way to learn something new. Be ready to try new things. Work on saying “yes” to things. For example, if a friend asks you to go kayaking you can say, “I’ve never done that, but I’d love to learn!” You want to be able to retain what you learn, so work on keeping your memory fresh. Physical health is important for this, so eat a balanced diet and get regular exercise. You can also boost your brain health by doing crossword puzzles and playing other types of word games. There are a lot of ways that you can integrate the things you learn into your routine. When you learn something that would be interesting to you, take note. Then think about how you can use the information to your advantage. For example, if you recently read that berries are good for brain health, add some to your grocery list. You can start adding some blueberries to your breakfast each day.


Обстреляйте центр игрового поля. Для повышения шансов на поражение корабля противника, обстреливайте игровое поле параллельными линиями. После двух промахов на одном участке переходите к обстрелу следующего участка.

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Statistically, you are more likely to hit a ship if you aim for the center of the board, so start there. The four by four squares in the middle of the board are likely to contain a carrier ship or battleship. Imagine the board as a checkerboard, where half the squares are dark and half are light. Each ship covers at least two squares, meaning every ship must touch a dark square. Therefore, if you fire randomly at only even squares or only odd squares, you will minimize the number of turns you need to hit every ship.  Once you have a hit, you will cease firing randomly and commence targeting the ship in question. To keep track of the light and dark squares, look at your own board and imagine that the diagonal line of squares from the top left corner to the bottom right corner is dark. Imagine the squares from the to right corner to the bottom left corner are light. You can count out from there to ensure each square you're targeting is the right color. If you strike out twice when firing, try firing into a different segment of the board. The chances that you just missed a ship are lower than the chances that you missed by a wide margin.


Обсудите будущее и цели ваших отношений. Уважайте его личное пространство. Обсудите финансовую сторону.

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Discuss and determine your relationship goals with one another. Being on the same page with each other about the future of your relationship, whether that is marriage or partnership, children, or simply cohabitation, will ultimately strengthen your relationship and sort out priorities. If you both have different ideas of what your future holds, as in one of you wants a long-term cohabiting relationship and the other doesn't, then it might be best to end the relationship sooner than later. Moving in together is a big step and many people take time to overcome their reservations about cohabitation. Acknowledge your boyfriend's experience and desires and give him space and time to come around. Giving him his space to sort out his resistance will show your care and commitment to the relationship.  Avoid pressuring him into “wanting” to live together. Cohabitation is a big commitment and should be a mutual decision. Respecting your boyfriend's space does not mean forgetting about moving in together. Be sure to set a time to return to the conversation after he's had time to think about it. Finances can control a significant amount of timing in a relationship. You may not be in a place financially stable enough to move out of where you currently live, or one of you might make significantly more than the other. Whatever the issue or imbalance, discussing your finances will help you both be on the same page about the possibility of moving in together.  Lay out all of your financial information: credit score, credit card debt or student loans, income, assets, and other financial obligations.  Discuss how the rent and bills will be divided. Remember, fair is not always equal.


Обсудите варианты лечения с врачом. Обсудите с врачом, будет ли уместно провести серию УЗИ. Пройдите минимальную операцию, чтобы сделать серкляж. Поговорите с врачом о том, чтобы пройти процедуру установки пессария. Уточните, может ли прогестерон помочь при вашей проблеме.

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He or she will be able to lay out the possible options—cerclage, a pessary, and bed rest—and tell you which ones would best for you. Keep in mind that a cerclage (suturing the cervix closed) is by far the most common treatment, and allows many women with previous histories of miscarriage to successfully carry a baby to term. A pessary, similar to the outer ring of a diaphragm, changes the angle of the cervix and reinforces it. With ultrasounds every two weeks during the second trimester of your pregnancy, the doctor can monitor the risk of an incompetent cervix. If he or she sees warning signs, then you can have a cerclage. Once you are diagnosed with incompetent cervix, your doctor will likely suggest a cerclage. A cerclage is a procedure in which a stitch is placed around the cervix and tightened to keep the cervix closed. There are five types of cerclage that can be performed, and your doctor will determine which type is best for your situation depending upon how far along you are in your pregnancy.   A cerclage is usually removed near the end of pregnancy to permit normal delivery. Occasionally, depending on conditions that are present during the pregnancy, the cerclage will be left in place and the mother will undergo a cesarean section to deliver the baby. A pessary is an apparatus that is positioned within the vagina to help raise up and reinforce the cervix.  This may be used instead of, or in conjunction with a cerclage. Bed rest may be prescribed by your doctor for an incompetent cervix. Bed rest restrictions can vary from simply avoiding any heavy lifting or housework, to total bed rest where you must remain in a reclining position at all times, including for bathing and going to the bathroom. Talk to your doctor about whether or not some type of bed rest might be a good option for you.  You may also need to abstain from sex during a period of bed and pelvic rest.


Обсудите возможность выкидыша с врачом. Поговорите со своим акушером о регулярных физических упражнениях. Придерживайтесь сбалансированной диеты с высоким содержанием белка и зелеными овощами, и низким содержанием простых углеводов. Будьте особенно бдительны во время беременности.

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Expecting mothers with PCOS are about three times as likely to miscarry than expecting mothers without PCOS. Many doctors will recommend continuing to take metformin throughout the pregnancy in order to lower the likelihood of miscarriage. Many doctors will stress the importance of consistent light exercise for expecting mothers with PCOS. Exercising will improve the body's use of insulin, normalize hormone levels, and keep your weight in check. In fact, regular exercise is often recommended for women who are trying to conceive, as this improves their chances of regular ovulation. Talk with your doctor about which exercises are allowed and which ones you may want to stay away from. Walking and light strength training are often ideal for expecting mothers. Because PCOS limits your body's ability to regulate insulin, you may need to be as vigilant about what you eat as a person with diabetes is. A diet high in protein and fiber can help lower your insulin levels, which mitigates the impact PCOS has on your body. Avoid overly processed foods or foods with added sugar. Unfortunately, PCOS carries with it several other risks even after you've managed to conceive. Talk with your doctor about protecting again pregnancy-induced high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes, which are all more common for women with PCOS.  Keep your pregnancy healthy by seeking out good prenatal care, such as regular doctor’s visits, good blood glucose management, and a daily prenatal vitamin.  Understand that women with PCOS often deliver their babies by Cesarean section. C-section is more common for expecting mothers with PCOS because complications more often arise.


Обсудите возможность операции со своим врачом. Ухаживайте за собакой после операции. Подумайте о том, чтобы купить инвалидное кресло для собаки.

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Surgical treatment may be ideal for some back problems. For example, if your dachshund has IVDD that has not responded to medical therapy, then your vet would perform a surgery to remove the extruded disc material. This would decrease pressure on the spinal cord and allow it to heal. Surgery may be possible to remove a tumor, depending on its size and location.  If your dachshund has spinal trauma, immediate surgery may help; however, the trauma (and other injuries) may be too severe for your dachshund to withstand surgery. Your vet will discuss all surgical options with you and let you know if your dachshund would be able to handle the surgery. Your vet may refer you to a veterinary neurosurgeon. If your dachshund has surgery, then you will need to care for her at home to ensure she has a full recovery. In general, at-home care involves pain reduction, exercise restriction, and physical therapy (if possible). Realize that a successful surgical outcome (e.g., pain relief, ability to walk) may not be apparent for several days to weeks after surgery. You may have to express your dachshund’s bladder after surgery. Your vet can show you how to do this. If your dachshund’s back problem has left his rear legs paralyzed, he may need a doggie wheelchair so he can get around. As your dachshund recovers from surgery, he may no longer need the wheelchair. Ask your vet for recommendations on wheelchairs and how to use one.


Обсудите возможную установку вспомогательных аппаратов. Подумайте об операции на сердечном клапане. Поговорите с врачом о других операциях.

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If an enlarged heart causes severe heart failure or significant arrhythmia your doctor may suggest you get an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The ICD is a matchbox-sized device that helps the heart maintain its normal rhythms through electrical shocks. Your doctor may also suggest a pacemaker to help coordinate the contractions of your heart. If an impaired valve caused an enlarged heart, then your doctor may suggest replacement surgery as an option. During this procedure, the surgeon removes the narrowed or damaged valve and replaces it with another one.  These valves can be a tissue valve from a deceased human donor, a cow, or a pig. You may also receive an artificial value as well. Surgery may also be necessary to repair or replace a leaky valve, also known as valve regurgitation. This condition, which also contributes to an enlarged heart, causes blood to leak out through the valve backwards. If your enlarged heart is due to diseased arteries you may need to have coronary stents or coronary artery bypass graft surgery to fix your heart. If you have experienced heart failure due to your enlarged heart, your doctor may suggest you have surgery to implant a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). This device will help your weak heart pump properly.  The LVAD can be a long term treatment for heart failure or as a life saving measure while you wait for a heart transplant. Heart transplants are considered the last resort for an enlarged heart and are only considered when all other options have been ruled out. It is not easy to get a heart transplant and the waiting process can take years.


Обсудите возможные неудобства. Слушайте. Постарайтесь прийти к согласию. Не позволяйте данной ситуации мешать близости наедине.

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If your partner pulls away when you try to kiss in public, ask them about it. Be sensitive to their feelings, and respect their opinion. Don't make them feel like they have to kiss you in public. Just because your partner doesn't want to kiss you in public does not mean they are ashamed of you. It could be something as simple as not wanting to kiss in a certain location. For example, they may not want to kiss close to where they work, or in front of their friends. There could be any number of reasons why your partner doesn't want to kiss in public. Some reasons could be difficult to talk about. Maybe they didn't get a lot of affection in previous relationships, or maybe they feel that it's a private matter. When they finish speaking, reply with, "I understand why you feel this way." Then, let your partner know your side of the issue. Don't negate their feelings, but try to find out the underlying reasons of the problem. Ask what your partner is comfortable doing in public. Assure them that you aren't trying to make out with them in the middle of a large crowd. If you reach a compromise and you both decide it's okay to hold hands, and kiss on the cheek, respect those boundaries. Don't break your partner's trust by doing anything more than what they're comfortable doing. When you're alone, let loose. Don't let the issue of public affection get in the way of actually engaging each other. In the privacy of your home, you should feel comfortable being affectionate. Tickle each other. Wrestle around and kiss. Keep things playful. After a while, some of that affection may spill out into the outside world.


Обсудите возможные решения. Примите их решение. Продолжайте вести обсуждения.

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To come to a solution, you both will probably need to compromise. That is, you parents might need to give a little, and you might need to give a little. If you both give in a little bit, you might find a solution you're both happy with.  When you're trying to compromise, you have to figure out what both of you want or need. For instance, your parents are probably most concerned with your safety and well-being. You're probably most concerned with getting what you want, such as a little more independence. Say you want to spend the night at your friend's house. Your parents may not want you to because they don't know the parents and so, they don't know if you'll be safe. You can come to a compromise where you start out by everyone going out together, so your parents can meet her parents. Then, when you do go over, you can agree to check in with your parents every so often so they know you're okay. That way, you both can feel a little better about what you want. However, your parents might be unwilling to compromise if they think you won't be safe, so think about that when trying to make a compromise. You may not get what you want. Your parents may not be persuaded by your arguments. If that's the case, it's best to accept what they have to say for now. In the future, you may be able to try again. If you whine and complain now, it will make your parents think you're less trustworthy, not more. One way to help your parents understand how you're feeling on the topic is to discuss your feelings and thoughts openly with them. That doesn't mean that you nag them constantly about changing their minds. Rather, you need to have an open dialogue about why you feel the way you do. For instance, if you're trying to get your parents to let you go out more, don't say, "You're awful. You need to change this decision." Instead, say things such as, "I know you want to protect me, but I feel really left out when my friends go out without me. I don't want to go to parties or get drunk. My friends like to go out to coffee or to the...


Обсудите возможные способы контрацепции с врачом-гинекологом. Оцените состояние своего здоровья. Рассмотрите преимущества приема комбинированных пероральных контрацептивов. Рассмотрите возможные риски, связанные с приемом комбинированных оральных контрацептивов. Рассмотрите возможные преимущества использования однокомпонентных прогестиновых оральных контрацептивов (мини-пили). Рассмотрите возможные негативные последствия приема мини-пили. Подумайте, хотите ли вы скорректировать частоту менструаций. Узнайте, как ваши противозачаточные таблетки взаимодействуют с другими лекарственными препаратами. Расскажите врачу, какие лекарственные препараты вы принимаете в настоящее время.

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There are many safe and effective birth control options available for women. Birth control pills are widely available and can be inexpensive, making them an attractive option; however, depending on your needs, health, and pre-existing medical conditions, certain choices may be better for you, so it’s important to discuss your birth control needs with your healthcare provider.  There are two main kinds of birth control pills. Combination pills use the hormones estrogen and progestin. Another type, the minipill, uses only progestin.  Combination pills also come in two types. Monophasic birth control pills all contain the same amount of estrogen and progestin. Multiphasic pills vary the amount of hormones in certain phases. Combination pills also come as “low-dose” pills. These pills contain less than 20 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol (normal birth control pills contain 50 micrograms or less). Women who are sensitive to hormones, especially estrogen, may benefit from the low-dose pill; however, the low-dose pill may also cause more bleeding between periods. Combination pills are commonly prescribed, but they are not always appropriate. Your doctor and you will make the final decision. If any of the following apply to you, your doctor may recommend that you do not use combination pills:  You are breastfeeding You are older than age 35 and a smoker You have high blood pressure You have a history of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis or you have an inherited condition that increases your risk of clots You have a history of breast cancer You have a history or heart disease or stroke You have medical complications related to diabetes You have liver or kidney disease You have unexplained uterine or vaginal bleeding You have a history of blood clots You have lupus You have migraine with aura You will be having major surgery that immobilizes you for a prolonged period of time You take St. John’s wort, anticonvulsants, or anti-tuberculous medications Your doctor may recommend that you do not use the minipill if...


Обсудите возможный вред для волос. Не осветляйте корни волос. Обеспечьте волосам дополнительный уход после покраски.

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Many people with darker hair may bleach or otherwise dye their hair at a salon. Before making a decision about dyeing your hair, talk to the hair stylist about potential damage.  If you're going platinum, there will be inevitably be some damage to your hair. A stylist may even refuse a platinum bleaching if your hair has been color treated previously as the damage could be more significant.  Talk to your stylist about how you want to lighten your hair. He or she can evaluate your hair's current condition and decide what color treatment will provide the least amount of damage. Damage caused by bleaching and dyeing is worse when it's close to your scalp and follicles. You should let your roots grow out at least a half an inch before getting a touch up. This can help minimize damage. Hair grows about a half inch per month on average, though this can vary by person and time of year. This means that it’s best to get a touch up every 4 to 6 weeks. Salon-dyed hair with professional products is probably the best way to go – it uses less harsh chemicals than at-home treatments. If you dye your hair at a salon, though, it may still need extra care afterwards. Talk to your stylist about how to give your hair extra TLC after dyeing.  Ask your stylist for recommendations for moisturizing conditioners and other at home treatment options. Hair dye can cause hair to be dryer than normal.  Consider a pre-wash primer before washing your hair. This can help block water, making a dye job last longer.  Consider coconut oil or protein-based conditioners. These can help fix damage done to hair via dyeing and bleaching.


Обсудите вопрос заблаговременно. Обсудите свои нынешние границы в сексе и границы партнера. Решите, какие интимные действия приемлемы для вас обоих в данный момент, а каких следует избегать. Старайтесь не допускать ситуаций, в которых возрастает вероятность полового акта.

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This can be nerve-racking for sure, but it is important to discuss abstinence early on. Then you can decide if the relationship is worth pursuing. Again, it's possible that your sexual boundaries expectations are different, so it's best to discuss it. If you are physically attracted to your partner, talk about sex play, outercourse, and abstinence before, not after, you become (mutually) aroused. If you're both okay with holding hands and kissing, and over the clothes caressing, then make that clear. If under the clothes is not okay, then be explicit about that too. This is easier said than done. See "Practicing Abstinence and Being (Mostly) Fulfilled" below, and cultivate your own!


Обсудите дисциплину ребенка с его родителями. Установите правила. Будьте последовательны. Вносите свои предложения родителям. Держите родителей в курсе событий. Избегайте насилия.

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It is important that you discuss how the child should be disciplined if the rules are broken with the parents of the child. Ask them how they discipline the child, and what their expectations are when it comes to you taking care of the child and applying discipline if the rules are not followed. It is important to discuss this with the parents so that there are not any misunderstandings. If you don’t discuss this, you may use different discipline techniques than the parents. Not only will this cause confusion and stress for the child, but it may also cause tension in your relationship with the parents. In all likelihood, the rules you use with the child will be the same as the ones the parents use. However, you might ask the parents to include one or two new rules to the list that relate specifically to how the child is expected to behave when you are the caretaker.  For example, you might include a rule that explicitly states that when you're taking care of the child, you are in charge, and the child is expected to do as you say. It is probably also a good idea to sit down with the child (if they are old enough to understand), with the parents, in order to go over all of the rules (including any new rules). This will help the child understand that the rules apply in your presence, and will let them know that you are well aware of the rules, too. This is perhaps the most important thing to remember. Sometimes it will be easier to just let the child do what they want. However, it is important that you also follow all the rules, and apply consequences for the rule if it is broken. This is important because if the child knows you don’t follow the rules rigidly, then they are more likely to misbehave in your presence. Additionally, it is also likely that they will begin to question the authority of their parents. If you find that there are certain rules that aren’t working, or if you have suggestions for new rules that you think could help a naughty child learn to behave, then talk with the parents about it. When...


Обсудите лечение со своим стоматологом. Узнайте у стоматолога о стоимости лечения, его преимуществах и рисках. Стоматолог очистит инфицированную область. Приготовьтесь к незначительной операции. Подумайте об удалении зуба.

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S/he will examine the infected area and take an x-ray. to determine the severity of the situation and identify the best treatment.  S/he will examine the position of the tooth to see whether it has fully or partially emerged from the gums. Your dentist will also take note of the condition of the surrounding gums. If the wisdom tooth has not yet emerged, the dentist may need to perform an x-ray to locate the tooth and identify its position. These factors will influence whether or not the tooth will need to be removed. Don’t forget your medical history. Your dentist will want to know if you’re allergic to any medication. Consult with your dentist about how much the procedure will cost. You should also ask about all the risks and benefits of the treatment, as well as any alternative treatments that may be an option. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. You have the right to understand your medical care. If the wisdom tooth is about to emerge from the gums without any problems and the infection is not too severe, the dentist may be able to clear the infection by simply cleaning the area with an antiseptic solution.  The dentist will remove any infected tissue, pus, food debris or plaque from around the area. If there is an abscess on the gums, sometimes a small incision will be made to drain the pus. After the cleaning, your dentist will recommend home care for you to follow over the next few days. This might include mouth gels to bring down inflammation, antibiotics to fully clear the infection, and painkillers to relieve any pain. Commonly prescribed antibiotics include Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, and Penicillin. One of the main causes of wisdom tooth infection is when a section of gum covering the wisdom tooth — known as the gum flap —becomes infected due to bacteria, plaque and food debris becoming trapped underneath it. If the tooth is still buried within the gums (but is positioned to emerge from the gums correctly) it is often easier to remove the infected gum flap than the tooth itself.  Your dentist might...


Обсудите любые возможные страхи, связанные с плаванием. Установите доверие за пределами воды. Дайте указания ученику войти по щиколотку в воду. Сделайте акцент на том, как держится на воде голова. Убедите его намочить лицо. Научите его погружать голову под воду.

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It's quite possible that the reason your student hasn't learned to swim until now is because of a fear of the water or drowning. If this is the case, it's important that your student shares this information with you so that you know how to adjust your teaching styles. For example, you might need to spend more time helping the student get used to just being in the water, or just getting their face wet, if they have a fear of the water. If a person has a fear of water, they are often told that there is nothing to be afraid of. Since they are afraid, simply telling them not to be afraid can cause you to lose credibility in their eyes. Establishing trust outside of the water, where they feel more comfortable, can help your adult student trust you and feel more confident in following your directions in the water.  Start lessons outside the pool by helping them learn how to stretch properly before swim lessons. Be sure to give your student breaks if they seem overly nervous or anxious. Ask your student to enter the shallow end of the pool and remain standing there in ankle-deep water. They can walk around, splash, or stand still – whatever they are most comfortable with. Let them stay for as long as they like.  Alternatively, the student may sit on the edge of the pool and dangle their legs in the water. Once they are more comfortable, ask them to bend down and splash their face with water. The majority of their body is still outside of the water, but getting their face wet at this point can be quite helpful in overcoming fear. Children learning how to swim may need more supervision in this area. For an adult learner, give them the freedom to move around as they choose, doing whatever they feel comfortable with. Many adult swimming learners may have a slight fear of the water, which is why they never learned when they were younger. Try to get them to realize that their head will float in the water as this can be an immediate stress reliever for some students.  Put your hand several inches under their face in the...


Обсудите менструации с врачом. Сдайте анализ крови на гормоны. Пройдите обследование на образования в матке. Узнайте, могут ли другие проблемы со здоровьем быть причиной обильных менструаций. Опасайтесь анемии. Обратитесь к врачу, если у вас нерегулярные, очень обильные месячные или если иногда месячные не начинаются. Вызовите скорую помощь при признаках токсического шока.

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If your heavy period bothers you, talk to your doctor about ways to make it better. If it’s right for you, they can give you medicine (usually birth control) to make your period less heavy. When you go for your visit be ready to tell them how often you get your periods and how long they last, and about how many pads or tampons you use in a day. Sometimes a hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) can help with heavy periods. It depends on which kind of IUD is used – non-hormonal IUDs may increase bleeding. Sometimes, heavy menstrual bleeding is caused by an imbalance in your hormones. If heavy bleeding is a consistent problem for you, ask your doctor about getting your hormone levels checked. This can be done with a simple blood test. Your doctor can give you medication, usually birth control, to regulate any unbalanced hormones. Uterine polyps and uterine fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) growths that can occur in the uterus and cause heavier bleeding. These usually develop in your 20’s-30’s. If you had normal periods in the past that have become heavier, ask your doctor about the possibility of uterine growths. Another condition called adenomyosis causes heavy bleeding and painful cramps. Ask your doctor about this if you’re middle-aged and have had children – that’s when this condition most commonly occurs. Some women just have heavier periods than others; in some cases, however, medical conditions cause heavy menstruation. These can be diagnosed with a physical exam, ultrasound, biopsy, or other procedure. If you want to understand your heavy period, work with your doctor to rule out the following possible causes:  A bleeding disorder that you inherited from your parents; you will probably have other signs of easy bleeding other than your heavy period Endometriosis Pelvic inflammatory disease Thyroid disfunction Kidney or liver problems Cancers of the uterus, cervix, or ovaries (rarely) Iron deficiency anemia can occur if you have really heavy periods. This is when you lose so much blood that it depletes how...


Обсудите основные жесты с остальными игроками. Объясните категорию, к которой относится слово, с помощью стандартных жестов. Мотивируйте команду, если игроки движутся в правильном направлении. Подведите команду к правильному времени и форме слова. Попробуйте использовать созвучные слова. Улучшайте свои игровые навыки, практикуйтесь на время.

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Common gestures allow you to bypass concepts you'll have to express each turn, like categories, so you can get to the good stuff. But it would be unfair if a few players didn't know these, so run through common gestures with all players before starting. Because every word or phrase will fall into a category, it helps to have standard gestures for these. This way you don’t have to waste time thinking up a unique gesture on the spot and can instead focus on gestures useful for the words on the slip.  Indicate book titles by unfolding your hands, as though opening a book. Gesture as though you are cranking old fashioned camera for movies. Draw a square or rectangle in front of you to signify TV shows. Pretend to sing (without actually singing) for song titles. Pull on a rope to raise a theatre curtain to indicate plays. Make air quotes with your fingers when your slip has a quote or phrase. When a teammate is close, allow excitement to show on your face. Use the distance between your fingers or hands to indicate closeness. To discourage teammates on the wrong track, point at them and shake your head “No” or form an X with your arms.  If a teammate is on a roll and they seem like they might say the right word, use a beckoning “come here” gesture or roll your hands in a circle. Moving your hands farther apart usually means “more,” but in some cases, this can also mean the word is “bigger,” like when it has a prefix or suffix. In some situations, your teammates might have the right word, but it might not be in the right tense, or it may need to be plural when they've said it in the singular. When a teammate is close, point to them and then:  Link your little fingers together to indicate a word is plural. Wave your hand behind you in a “way back” gesture for past tense. Do the opposite of this for future tense. By cupping your hand to an ear, you’ll signal to your team that you’re only acting out a word that sounds like the one you’re working on. After that gesture, if you pointed to your eye, it would be obvious...


Обсудите план лечения с нефрологом. Определите исходную причину вашего состояния. Медикаментозная терапия при заболеваниях почек. Обсудите с врачом другие лекарственные средства. Регулярно проверяйте СКФ. Узнайте о процедуре диализа. Узнайте о трансплантации почки.

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During later stages of kidney disease, your doctor may recommend you to specialist capable of devising the best diet for your condition. These specialists are known as "renal dieticians."  Your renal dietician will work with you to reduce the stress on your kidneys while maintaining a balance between the fluids and minerals in your body. Most specialized diets will include elements similar to those described in this article. For instance, you might be instructed to reduce your intake of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and protein. Most CKD and low GFR rates are caused or influenced by other underlying conditions. In such cases, you'll need to get these other ailments under control before you can raise your GFR.  High blood pressure and diabetes are the two most common causes. When the cause of kidney disease isn't easily identifiable, your doctor may administer additional tests to diagnose the issue. These may include urine tests, ultrasounds, and CT scans. In some cases, your doctor may recommend a biopsy to remove and evaluate a small sample of kidney tissue. When another condition causes kidney disease, or when kidney disease causes related problems, your doctor may prescribe certain medications to help treat your overall condition.  High blood pressure is often linked to low GFR, so you may need some type of blood pressure medication. Options include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, and others) or angiotensin receptor blockers (losartan, valsartan, and others). These drugs can maintain blood pressure while also reducing protein levels in your urine, allowing your kidneys to work less hard as a result. During late stages of kidney disease, your kidneys may not be able to produce an important hormone called "erythropoietin," so your doctor may need to prescribe drugs that can help remedy the problem. You may also need vitamin D supplements or other drugs to help control phosphorus levels since your kidneys will have difficulty filtering phosphorus in the body. All drugs are...


Обсудите положительные аспекты. Покажите, что вы осознаете всю ответственность. Проявите благодарность. Выслушайте точку зрения родителей.

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Try to make a new dog sound enticing. Bring up the potential positive aspects of having a new dog. For example, you can talk about how a new dog could keep your current dog company. You could also talk about the potential benefits for the family. Have a new dog to train, walk, and play with will give everyone more exercise. You can also have more family time together, as you can take the dog on weekend hikes or attend obedience classes together. A lot of kids decide they want animals on a whim. Your parents may feel you have no thought this through on a practical level. Illustrating that you have will make you look responsible enough to handle a second dog, so tell your parents how you plan to care for the dog.  Talk about how you understand there will be extra work. For example, say, "I'll make sure to let the dog out and feed it." Bring up anything you learned while researching introducing a new dog into the home. For example, say, "We can introduce the dogs slowly. The new dog can stay in my room until Sparky gets used to having another dog here." Your parents may be hesitant to say, "Yes" if you come off as entitled. Showing a little gratitude can go a long way in terms of getting a "Yes" answer. Tell your parents how much you respect them when asking for a dog. For example, say something like, "I know how hard you two work and I really appreciate you getting me one dog. I know raising a kid and a dog is hard when you're both working full time." Do not interrupt when your parents are sharing their perspective. Remember, there are two sides to every story. Your parents may have good reasons to be hesitant to get another dog, so try to hear them out.  Let your parents speak. After you've stated your case, be quiet and allow your parents to contribute to the conversation. Try to empathize with your parents when they talk. Your parents work hard to make money, and want to spend it wisely. A new dog may be costly. It will also take a lot of time to introduce a new dog to the home. Your parents' time may be...


Обсудите посредничество с адвокатом. Поговорите с посредником. Рассмотрите нетрадиционные варианты компенсации.

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There are out of court programs to help parties settle disputes. One of these programs is called mediation. Talk with your attorney and discuss whether mediation may be a good fit for you. Mediation is the attempt to settle a legal dispute through active participation of a third party (the mediator) who works to find areas of agreement between the parties. A mediator seeks to make opposing parties agree on a fair settlement. The mediator will listen to each party’s views on the case, and can point out strengths and weaknesses in each side of the case. The mediation process is more informal than a trial, which can make people more comfortable. Sometimes having an outsider look at the case allows the parties to see the issues more clearly.  In a mediation session, you might speak with the mediator alone, with your attorney, or with the other side and their attorneys (along with your attorney). To find a mediator, call your local courthouse or bar association and ask if they have any mediation programs. Mediators usually charge for their services, but any costs are likely to be cheaper than long and drawn-out litigation. The mediator can award non-traditional remedies, which could be important to you or the opposing party. For example, in a slip and fall case, the injured party may want an apology from the owner of the property, or the owner may agree to pay more in a settlement if the injured party signs a confidentiality agreement.


Обсудите предстоящее собрание c теми, кто будет на нем присутствовать. Составьте и раздайте повестку дня. Изучите обсуждаемые вопросы и протоколы предыдущих заседаний. Заранее подготовьте место для проведения собрания.

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When you learn that you’ll be chairing an upcoming meeting, one of the first things you should do is to spend a little time talking to the people who will be attending (especially high-ranking or important people). Ask them if there’s anything they’d specifically like to discuss at the meeting. Take note of their answers and use them to guide you when you write your agenda. Asking your attendees about what they’d like to discuss is a smart move not only because it makes it easier to write an agenda, but also because it engages them in the meeting process before it’s even begun. People are more likely to attend and pay attention during meetings if they know that issues important to them will be addressed. A meeting agenda can be a valuable tool not just for a meeting’s chairperson, but also for the guests in attendance. Agendas contain valuable information about the meeting like when it will be, where it will take place, and who will be in attendance. Most importantly, they also outline all of the intended topics of discussion, allowing everyone to prepare. Send your meeting out in advance of the meeting itself — the more important your meeting is, the earlier you should send it. One thing that your agenda should definitely contain is an approximate time limit for each topic of discussion. Having a rough schedule outlined beforehand makes it much easier to keep your meeting on-track. Though some items on your agenda may run long (and others may run short), a schedule makes it much easier to keep track of these items and adjust accordingly. The people who attend your meeting may not be up-to-speed on all of the topics you plan to discuss — some may not have attended past meetings, while others may have simply forgotten. As the meeting chair, it’s a good idea to know the history of discussion thus far. Try talking to people who attended previous important meetings to learn any important unfinished business that you should address in your meeting. You may also want to request the minutes of past meetings from an...


Обсудите проблему с врачом. Принимайте антигистаминные средства за 30–60 минут до поездки. Попросите врача выписать вам скополамин.

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Most cases of car sickness can be dealt with using lifestyle changes and home remedies. However, sometimes car sickness can get in the way of your job or everyday functioning. In this case, you should talk to your doctor about possible medical interventions, such as over-the-counter or prescription medication.  You should also talk to your doctor if you (or your child) experience symptoms well after you have gotten out of the car, severe headache, difficulty hearing or seeing, and difficulty walking. These could indicate issues that are more serious than regular car sickness.  Susceptibility to car sickness may be related to age, race, sex, hormone factors, sensory illness, and migraines. Ask your doctor if you have an elevated risk for motion sickness. There are over-the-counter and prescription drugs that are effective against car sickness. Most of them contain dimenhydrinate (aka dramamine) or meclizine. Some popular brands are Dramamine and Bonine/Antivert. Some of these are available as patches and can be particularly helpful because of their ability to release the medicine over time. Antihistamines can prevent nausea caused by motion sickness by dulling the inner ear's motion sensors. In order to work properly, you should take the medication 30-60 minutes before you begin your car trip. Look into the side effects before using any of these drugs (especially if you're driving), and ask your doctor just in case. Antihistamines can make you feel sleepy and affect your ability to operate machinery. Scopolamine is only safe for adult use--not for child use. It is prescription-only and is worn as a patch behind the ear. You must wear it 4 hours before your traveling commences. While its side effects can be severe (blurred vision and dry mouth), it is very effective at combating nausea caused by motion sickness. Talk to your doctor about whether it might be a good option for you.


Обсудите проблемы с компанией друзей. Возьмите паузу. Убедите друзей измениться.

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Try talking to your group of friends about the behavior(s) that you find unacceptable.  For instance, if your friends consistently exclude you, try talking to at least one friend in the group privately.  Perhaps they were not deliberately excluding you, and when you alert them to your feelings, they will correct their behavior and include you more often. Sometimes you can use a long trial separation from your friends to see if you’re truly happy leaving your group of friends.  Use the time apart from your group of friends to see how you feel without them in your life.  Look for new friends, explore your hobbies, and spend time with close family members.  If you find you are happier during the separation, you can extend it into a full break from the group of friends. If, on the other hand, you find that you miss your friends, you should use the brief period of reflection to remind yourself why your friends aren’t so bad, and reconnect with the group when you have a chance.  Tell them that you’ve missed them and can’t wait to see them again. While it is good to abandon friends who are engaging in negative behaviors, it is also worth trying to steer them away from their negative choices and help them see the error of their ways.  Before leaving a group of friends engaged in illicit or immoral behavior, take proactive steps to help them reform.  If your friends are abusing drugs or alcohol, encourage them to join Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous and seek counseling for their addiction. If your friends want you to join them in stealing or vandalizing property, discourage them from doing so.  Remind them of the trouble they could get in if caught, and propose an alternative activity like seeing a movie.


Обсудите произошедшее с человеком, которому доверяете. Практикуйте регулярный уход за собой. Не зацикливайтесь на том, что вы хотели бы иметь. Установите здоровые границы в будущих отношениях. Позвольте человеку постепенно вернуться в вашу жизнь, если вы этого захотите.

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Finding someone to confide in is essential when you’re dealing with the end of a relationship. You might have trouble finding other family members to talk to, since they might feel caught in the middle, so try talking to a close friend. It also may be a good idea to talk to a counselor, since toxic family relationships can have long-lasting effects on your self-esteem. Once you remove a toxic person from your life, you should seek to fill that space with positive activities that you love. Everyone’s self-care looks different, but it’s important for you to do the things that make you feel happy and self-confident. This might mean soaking in a hot tub, taking up a new hobby, or going back to school. Acknowledge your strengths, especially if your family member regularly put you down. If you need to, write down a list of the best things about yourself and put it somewhere you’ll see it every day. It can be hard sometimes to see other happy families, or to think back to what your family looked like before the negativity occurred. Just keep in mind that even a family that looks perfect from the outside can have its own problems, and focus on the good things you do have in your life. For instance, you might have a poor relationship with your children, but you might have an excellent support system in your church. You might not be able to choose your family, but you can choose who you spend time around, and you don’t have to put up with hurtful behavior. Use this experience to teach you what you will and will not accept from the people in your life, and be firm about those boundaries in the future.  For instance, if you finally decided you had enough of your brother calling you names your whole life, then you certainly don’t have to put up with a date doing it! Practice if/then statements in case you find yourself in a similar situation in the future. For examples, you might tell yourself, “If someone says something about me that isn’t true, then I will speak up immediately, because that’s not acceptable.” The...


Обсудите процесс с ведущим персоналом. Создайте блок-схему каждого бизнес-процесса. Обдумайте идеи по усовершенствованию процесса.

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Once you identify a process to fix, discuss the process with the people responsible for implementation. Take the time to interview key participants, and ask them to identify any potential improvements.  Ask your staff what they do and why they do it. Determine the inputs needed to perform each task and where you obtain each input. If you manufacture denim jeans, for example, you need to know who supplies your denim and how often the vendor ships the denim material to you. Identify the outputs of each task, and who receives the output. If you manage a car repair shop, your repair staff should document the work they perform. The repair staff should forward that information to your billing department. The billing area produces a bill for the customer Ask for suggestions on how to resolve process inefficiencies that your staff uncovers. A process flowchart can help you visualize a business process. You can use the documentation from your process discussions to create the flowchart. The flowchart should contain all of the steps required to complete a particular business process.  It is important to note that a business process flowchart should only contain the defined procedures that employees must follow. Flowcharts may be prepared manually or with the use of software. Word processors and spreadsheet programs with charting functionality can be used. You can also find software that is designed to draw flowcharts. The flowchart is an excellent tool to clearly see the business process in front of you. This visual tool can make it is much easier to identify and fix inefficiencies. Once you make changes to a process, review the outcomes and see if the process made the improvements you expected. If not, analyze the process again and try to identify areas of improvement. Process analysis should be an ongoing task for your business. Many processes involve more than one department in your business. Group sessions can identify process inefficiencies that impact more than one department. These sessions can also validate the...


Обсудите реальность и вымысел. Признайте страх ребенка. Поговорите с педиатром.

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Use a safer example than monsters. Find something your child created or enjoys and take a moment to discuss the difference between imagination and reality.  During the day, have your child draw pictures of the monsters he imagines at night. Then, take time to discuss it with him to help demystify the monster. If your child enjoys drawing special or funny cars then take time and draw a silly one that could never exist and ask your child if they ever saw such a crazy car. Take time to explain how you used your imagination to draw the car. Then explain the same concept to them with the monsters. Ignoring, devaluing, or extinguishing your child’s fears about monsters will only let your child believe that something is wrong with her. If you belittle her fear, most likely she will still believe in monsters and will no longer talk to you about it.  Refrain from saying things like "Big girls don't believe in monsters," or "Don't be a baby," or "The Boogie Man will get you tonight if you don’t go to sleep." Instead, relate to your child by explaining that you once believed in monsters too, and that eventually she will conquer her fears, too. Watch movies like Monsters, Inc. or read books such as Happy Monsters that would be helpful in alleviating the fear of monsters. If there is any part of the movie or book scares her take time to discuss it with her. Role play as monsters. Either you or your child is the monster and have fun with it. Use masks or costumes to make it more real but make sure your child is in complete control and laughing. This should be a fun exercise to give your child a different perspective, not a scary one. If you child’s nighttime fear and anxiety of monsters becomes too severe or manifest during the daytime, then it might be time to get a psychological evaluation to better identify and treat your child’s fears.  Be clear about the difference between fear and phobia. If your child is only afraid of monsters at night when you turn off the light and shut the door, it is most likely fear. If your...


Обсудите с вашим близким человеком пользу от прохождения специального курса лечения. Соберите как можно больше положительной информации о клиниках, лечащих подобных больных и расскажите об этом вашему близкому. Обратитесь к врачу сами, если ваш близкий отказывается от лечения. Сообщите близкому, что вы собираетесь обратиться в семейную консультацию.

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Seeking help from a mental health care provider (a psychiatrist or psychologist) is a very important part of recovering from PTSD. Going to therapy as early as possible once the PTSD has appeared is preferable, as early treatment can mean a faster recovery.  People with PTSD can also seek help in a community-based center or clinic. The longer symptoms are allowed to continue without the help of a mental health care provider, the harder it will be to change and recover from those behaviors. If your loved one has agreed to go to treatment, make it easier for them by gathering information on different therapists. You can also set up an appointment for them once your loved one has determined which therapist they would like to talk to. If your loved one refuses to get treatment, go to a counselor yourself and discuss the challenges you are facing when dealing with your loved one’s PTSD.  The counselor may be able to give you some tips on how to handle your loved one’s symptoms and refusal to get help. Tell your loved one that you went to see a therapist. Telling them about your experience will normalize going to a psychiatrist, which may make them feel better about seeking help themselves. If your loved one is having a hard time accepting the need to go to therapy, tell them that you will go to therapy with them. Therapy for families of people suffering from PTSD can be found in many community clinics.


Обсудите с вашим врачом, какие лекарства или добавки вам нужно принимать, чтобы повысить количество гемоглобина. Обсудите с доктором возможность проведения курса инъекций эритропоэтина. Если уровень гемоглобина очень низок, возможно, вам потребуется переливание крови.

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Some patients are advised to take prescribed or over the counter medications or supplements to augment their levels of hemoglobin. Supplements may include:  20-25mg of iron per day. This stimulates the production of hematin. 400mcg of folic acid per day. This is taken to increase the production of red blood cells which transport hemoglobin. 50-100mcg per day of vitamin B6. This functions also to increase red blood cell production. 500-1000mg per day of vitamin B12. It is prescribed to enhance red blood cell count. 1000mg per day of vitamin C. It is administered for red blood cell production as well. Erythropoietin is a hormone manufactured by the kidneys to promote the development of red blood cells by the bone marrow. Once the kidney cells sense that the oxygen level in the blood is too low it produces and releases erythropoietin to stimulate the bone marrow to generate more red blood cells. The increase in red blood cell count can also enhance the capacity of blood to carry oxygen.  In general, erythropoietin functions mainly to encourage the production of red blood cells and instigate the synthesis of hemoglobin (a component of the red blood cells that are in charge in transporting oxygen) . Erythropoietin is administered either through the veins or via subcutaneous (external, fatty portion of the legs and thighs) injection. Blood transfusions are sometimes recommended by health care providers to improve hemoglobin count.  Prior to transfusion, safety precautions are taken to ensure the quality and compatibility of blood. It is tested for signs of contamination which can cause adverse reactions to patients. Donated blood can contain infectious components for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis so proper screening is very important. After a thorough examination, the blood transfusion is given. It is administered through a central venous catheter or intravenous line in the arm over several hours. The patient is then watched carefully for any untoward signs of blood transfusion such as difficulty of breathing, itchiness...


Обсудите с ветеринаром возможность хирургического удаления опухоли. Узнайте больше о химиотерапии. Узнайте у ветеринара о лучевой терапии.

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Surgery is a very common form of cancer treatment, particularly for skin tumors and internal tumors with distinct borders. Among the various cancer treatment options, it is considered most likely to be curative.  The size of some internal tumors can cause your cat to feel unwell. For large tumors, surgical therapy can reduce the size of tumor (‘debulking’) and thus relieve some of your cat’s symptoms.  Some cancers can spread to surrounding healthy tissue. For this reason, healthy tissue is often removed with the cancerous tissue during surgery. The healthy tissue can then be microscopically analyzed for signs of cancer cell invasion. Be aware that surgery may not prevent the risk of cancer recurrence in your cat. Your veterinarian can discuss this likelihood as you are considering treatment options. Chemotherapy is another common cancer treatment. For feline cancer, it is not curative. Rather, chemotherapy is used to slow cancer cell growth and relieve clinical signs. It is also used when surgery is not an option, such as when the cancer has spread to other body parts.  Your veterinarian will probably consult with a veterinary oncologist to develop a unique chemotherapy regimen for your cat.  The chemotherapy regimen may change during the course of your cat’s treatment, depending on such factors as your cat’s tolerance of the medication and the cancer’s response to the medication. Fortunately, the side effects of chemotherapy are milder in cats than in people. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal upset (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea) and loss of energy, and are frequently mild.  Chemotherapy can be administered in different ways (e.g., intravenous, orally) and is administered over several minutes to several hours. Radiation therapy (RT) is another cancer treatment option for your cat. It uses x-rays or electrons to kill cancer cells. RT is often used in combination with chemotherapy and may be used after surgery if the entire tumor could not be surgically removed.  Your veterinarian may suggest RT if...


Обсудите с ветеринаром возможные методы лечения. Попробуйте лекарства от блох. Вылечите собаку от паразитических клещей. Попробуйте специальный шампунь. Спросите врача об эффективности гормонального лечения. Спросите о лечение антигистаминными препаратами. Попробуйте антибиотики. Поговорите с ветеринаром. Обратитесь к ветеринару-дерматологу. Не стоит сразу же покупать кучу препаратов, отпускаемых без рецепта.

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Due to the variety of possible causes of this serious skin problem, there is a range of possible treatments that could be prescribed by your veterinarian. Unfortunately, antihistamines have a disappointing effect in dogs and most require either short courses of steroids, or one of the modern anti-itch medications now available such at Apoquel or Atopica. There are new products coming on the market all the time., Use prescribed medication according to your veterinarian's instructions. Medication is used to control the itching and start the healing process. Flea allergy dermatitis is one of the most common causes of itching for dogs. Eliminating flea bites on the dog is often the first step to addressing your pet’s itching even if you don’t see any fleas. Dogs can develop an allergic reaction to the flea saliva that causes the dog to overreact with severe itching even if only one flea was involved. Flea control for your dog, all other pets in the household and the immediate environment must be implemented and continued on a monthly basis. The treatment for each mite differs. Serious cases of generalized Demodex may take months of treatment, whereas scabies is typically handled within a few weeks.,  Your vet will prescribe medication for the parasites. Scabies can easily spread to other animals and humans. Steps must be taken to eradicate the infestation in the dog’s entire environment as well as on the dog and on any other pets that may be exposed to the infestation. Prescription shampoos are available from your veterinarian to manage itching as well as treat yeast and bacterial infections. These products may be used in addition to oral medication.  Over-the-counter flea shampoos such as medicated or coal tar shampoo risk further irritating open skin wounds. Consult with your veterinarian before trying any over-the-counter treatment on your dog. Bathing is good for itchy skin, but don't use human shampoo. A mild oatmeal-based shampoo specially formulated for dogs may temporarily decrease itching. If your dog’s...


Обсудите с ветеринаром вопрос эвтаназии (или усыпления). Решите, когда наступит самое подходящее время для эвтаназии. Подумайте о том, что делать с телом.

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While you are making the best of the time you have left with your dying cat, you will also need to prepare for the realities of her eventual death. By no means is this easy, but it is something you must do. Talking with your veterinarian will help you handle and organize this difficult preparation.  Euthanasia is a painless and humane way of ending your cat’s life. To perform euthanasia, your veterinarian would administer an overdose of an anesthetic drug. After a few seconds, your cat would slip peacefully into unconsciousness and eventually stop breathing.  Do not feel ashamed or guilty about thinking or talking about euthanasia. Many pet owners struggle with the idea of putting their pets to sleep. Your veterinarian can help you sort out your emotions and questions regarding euthanasia. After talking with your veterinarian, it is up to you to decide when the time has come to have your cat euthanized. It may be helpful to look for clinical signs that your cat is clearly suffering: hiding, sleeping more, wasting away, and either withdrawing from human contact or being overly clingy.  Ask yourself this question: ‘Am I keeping my cat alive for myself or for my cat?’ How you answer that question will help you decide when the time is right to euthanize her. If your cat is truly suffering, despite your best efforts to make her comfortable, then it may be time to have her euthanized. Come up with a plan for when it is "the right time".  Your veterinarian can help you to come up with a written plan to help you know when the time for euthanasia is. This can be very helpful:  It uses your vet's knowledge on the progression of your animal's disease (if any) that will alert you to symptoms that indicate pain or suffering, or not. It helps eliminates arguments among families, roommates, or other multiple owners. Making big decisions with big emotions is hard, and having a plan done at a more neutral time can help take the emotions out of the equation.   It can also help to either observe or keep a written record of your...


Обсудите с ветеринаром лечение циклоспорином. Давайте собаке циклоспорин в соответствии с назначением врача. Наблюдайте за побочными эффектами. Дождитесь реакции на лечение. Запишитесь на прием к врачу.

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Your vet may recommend a drug called cyclosporine, which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Unlike steroids, long term cyclosporine therapy is generally well tolerated by dogs. However, cyclosporine is expensive, especially for large breed dogs.  Fortunately, as a dog starts to respond to cyclosporine therapy, the required dosage would decrease. Therefore, the cost of cyclosporine therapy would decrease over time. Talk with your vet if you are concerned about the overall cost of cyclosporine. Atopica® is the brand name for cyclosporine that is used in dogs. Cyclosporine is an oral drug. Initially, it is usually given daily for 4‒6 weeks. Then, the dosage is gradually decreased to the lowest effective dose. Give the cyclosporine on an empty stomach. Cyclosporine can cause several side effects, including vomiting and diarrhea. Side effects usually occur within the first two weeks of therapy. Contact your vet if you observe these side effects. Your vet may recommend stopping the cyclosporine for a few days, then restarting it by giving it with a small amount of food. If there’s no diarrhea and vomiting after a few days, go back to giving cyclosporine on an empty stomach. Infections and thickening of the gums are rare side effects of cyclosporine. Unlike the rapid treatment response with steroids, it may take 6‒8 weeks before your Golden Retriever responds to cyclosporine therapy. Even if you become impatient with waiting for a treatment response, do not change the cyclosporine dosage on your own—this could lead to treatment failure, which could make your Golden Retriever feel even itchier. Because cyclosporine decreases the immune response, your Golden Retriever’s immune system function may go down. Your vet will want to check your Golden Retriever’s white blood cell count regularly to assess the health of its immune system. If the white blood cell counts are low, your vet may need to adjust the cyclosporine dosage. These follow-up visits will also allow your vet to determine how well your Golden...


Обсудите с врачом возможность приема препаратов от тошноты. При эпизодической тошноте используйте Дименгидринат. Носите на запястьях акупрессурные браслеты. Принимайте пробиотики.

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Discuss Odansetron, Promethazine, and other anti-nausea medications with your doctor to see if these can ease your sickness or vomiting. Whether your nausea is caused by chemo or morning sickness, many of these can take the edge off your queasiness and help you go about your day.  Always tell your doctor what other medications and supplements you are taking so they can manage your medication regimen. Do not take multiple anti-nausea medications at the same time, as this can have serious side effects. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or nursing so they can weigh the benefits and risks of using prescription anti-nausea medications. Take 1 pill of over-the-counter anti-nausea medication, such as Dramamine, about half an hour before participating in any activities that make you feel motion-sick. Adults and children over 12 can take Dramamine every 4-6 hours as needed to reduce sickness after nausea has set in. Talk to your child’s pediatrician to determine if Dramamine is safe for your child under 12. Stimulate the P6 acupressure point—thought to relieve nausea—by wearing acupressure cuffs, such as Sea Bands. These bands have no known side effects and are safe to wear throughout the day, if they help you. You can also stimulate this pressure point without a band by pressing about 2 finger-widths down from the crease on the inside of your wrist. Probiotic supplements may help in the treatment of acute nausea and vomiting. These work by helping to restore the microbial ecosystem in your GI tract. There are many types of probiotics available from most pharmacies and drug stores, and each may be formulated to help with specific issues. Take the supplement as indicated on the packaging, or as otherwise directed by your doctor.


Обсудите с врачом возможность промывания прямой кишки. Узнайте у врача насчет клизмы. Проконсультируйтесь с врачом относительно медикаментозного лечения.

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Colonic irrigation, also known as colonic hydrotherapy, can help to flush waste material out of your bowels with water. Your doctor may be able to do this procedure for you or recommend a colonic hydrotherapist who can do it for you. Be sure to choose a colonic hydrotherapist who is licensed by a recognized national organization. Before you get the procedure done, speak to your doctor about your medical history to ensure you can safely get the procedure.  During the procedure, a pump is inserted into your rectum and about five gallons of warm water are put into your system over a period of time. Once the water is in your colon, the therapist may massage your abdomen to get circulate the water through your colon and to help waste products pass out of your body. The procedure can take about 30 to 45 minutes. You should not have a colonic irrigation performed if you have certain medical conditions, including diverticulitis, severe hemorrhoids, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, bowel or rectum tumors, recent bowel surgery, heart disease, or kidney disease. <Dale Prokupek, MD. Gastroenterologist. Personal interview. 16 April 2020.</ref> Your doctor may be able to perform an enema on you in their office if your bowels have become impacted or you are having issues with your colon. Enemas are often recommended for constipation and poor bowel movement. Your doctor may recommend a certain type of enema for you, based on your needs. The enema insertion should be done by a trained professional in a sterile space with clean equipment. If you have had chronic constipation for longer than six months, ask your doctor about drug treatments that can help to stimulate your bowels. You may resort to this option if adjusting your diet and lifestyle, as well as other colon treatments do not work. Medication may also be a good option if you develop a bowel issue like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Make sure you are aware of the side effects of the medication you are taking. If the side effects become severe, you should see your...


Обсудите с врачом возможность склеротерапии. Подумайте о возможности лазерной терапии. Узнайте об абляции. Посоветуйтесь с врачом насчет амбулаторной флебэктомии. Посоветуйтесь с врачом насчет экстракции вен.

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This is a relatively painless procedure that injects a liquid chemical or saline solution into your veins to close them off, causing them to disappear. These are good for smaller varicose or spider veins. It may take several treatments, done every four to six weeks. After treatment, your legs will probably be wrapped with elastic bandaging to decrease swelling. There is also a form of the treatment called microsclerotherapy, which targets spider veins. It uses a very fine needle to inject the liquid chemical into the veins. This procedure is generally only used for small varicose veins. A laser will be applied to your skin near the swollen vein. It generates energy to heat the venous tissue, destroying all blood elements nearby. After that, the swollen vein will be obstructed, closed, and, after some time, reabsorbed by your body. Venous ablation uses intense heat to treat your veins, and can be performed either using radio-frequency or laser technology energy. Your doctor will puncture the vein, thread a catheter into the vein up to your groin, then send heat through it. This heat will close off and destroy the vein, and it will disappear over time. This is a surgical procedure in which the doctor will make small cuts in your skin to remove small veins. He will then use small hooks to pull the vein out of your leg. This procedure is good for removing spider veins and other small veins.  In normal cases, this is a same-day surgery. The doctor will only numb the area around the vein, so you will remain awake during the procedure. You may experience some slight bruising. Phlebectomy procedures may be done along with other procedures, including ablation. Your doctor will know if it is useful to do the treatments together. This is an invasive procedure for dealing with problem veins, and is usually done only for severe cases of varicose veins. The doctor will make small cuts in your skin, and tie off and remove the veins from your leg. You will be put under anesthesia during the procedure, and should recover...


Обсудите с врачом доступные вам варианты лечения. Операция – торакальная хирургия. Лучевая терапия. Химиотерапия. Комбинированное лечение.

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Lung cancer can be treated in a variety of ways. However, the treatment that your doctor chooses for you will depend on:  Your overall health. The size of the cancer tumor. The exact location of the tumor. The stage of the tumor. This is done by a thoracic surgeon. The goal of the surgery is to remove the whole tumor and the surrounding lymph nodes. This is done to ensure that no cancer cells are left on adjacent tissues. The time taken for recovery will depend on the surgical procedure that has been done and the amount of tissue that has been removed. The recovery will also depend on your condition before the surgical procedure. Radiation therapy is a treatment option where x-rays that have high energy are used to destroy the cancerous cells. This procedure is done by a  radiation oncologist. The most common type of this treatment is external beam therapy where a machine is placed on the external part of your body. Radiation can also be given using implants that are inserted inside your body, which is called internal therapy. The side effects that may occur after radiation therapy include decreased appetite, fatigue, sore throat and dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing). Your skin might also feel irritated where the therapy was applied. Chemotherapy involves taking drugs that may stop the cancerous cells from multiplying and dividing. Most of these drugs are given intravenously and work systematically through your body in an attempt to kill all the cancerous cells.  You may receive several drugs at once. Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, decreased appetite, hair loss, diarrhea and increased risk of infection. You may be given other drugs that will help to reduce the side effects that may occur during chemotherapy treatment. Some of these modes of treatment may be combined to increase your chances of defeating the cancer. For example, you may have a surgical procedure done to remove the cancer, followed by radiotherapy to kill off any remaining cancerous cells.


Обсудите с врачом другие варианты лечения, если натуральные средства не помогли вам.

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If you've changed your sleep habits and are trying natural remedies, but still can't get a good night's sleep, let your doctor know. They can work with you to figure out what's causing the problem and suggest other treatments. Common treatments for insomnia include: Cognitive behavioral therapy Prescription sleep medications Over-the-counter sleep medications Alternative therapies, such as meditation, acupuncture, or yoga.


Обсудите с врачом испытываемые вами симптомы. Сделайте рентгеновский снимок. Пройдите верхнюю эндоскопию. Врач может провести эзофагоманометрию.

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Schedule an appointment with your doctor if you suspect you have a hiatal hernia. Only medical tests can definitively diagnose a hiatal hernia. Talk to your doctor about any of the symptoms you've been having.  Keep track of your symptoms before your appointment so that you can be as specific as possible. While investigating for a hiatal hernia, your doctor may have you start taking medication for heartburn control. Your doctor might use 1 or several tests to determine whether or not you have a hiatal hernia. One of the simplest tests is an X-ray. Your doctor will have you drink a chalky liquid so that they will be able to view your esophagus, stomach, and upper intestine clearly in the X-ray. Your doctor may choose to rely on an upper endoscopy in addition to, or instead of, an X-ray. During this procedure, your doctor will insert a thin, flexible tube into your throat. There is a camera on the end that captures pictures of your esophagus, which your doctor will use to make a diagnosis.   You will likely have to schedule a separate appointment with a specialist, as your GP is unlikely to do this in their office. Ask to be sedated if you are nervous about this procedure. It's not painful, but it can be unnerving to many people. Your doctor might order this test in addition to others. A manometry measures how effectively you can swallow food and liquids. This helps determine the severity of the hiatal hernia. During this test, the technician will place a thin tube through your nose, down your throat, and into your stomach. You'll drink small amounts of water with the tube in place to measure your ability to swallow.  This test is not painful, but it might be uncomfortable or unpleasant.


Обсудите с врачом медицинские препараты, которые вы сейчас принимаете. Обсудите с врачом нарушения сна. Спросите у врача о центре медицины сна.

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Many medications have side effects that can keep you awake at night or lead to problems sleeping.  Talk to your doctor if you take medication for asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Many drugs used to treat these issues contain steroids and a compound called “theophylline”, which is a stimulant that can keep you up at night. If you are taking heart medication or medication for arthritis, you may experience insomnia and nightmares because of these drugs.  You may also have a hard time sleeping if you are taking antidepressants. If you suffer from anxiety or depression, you may also experience insomnia or sleep problems. Speak to your doctor about specific symptoms or patterns in your sleep issues. If you feel irritable or sleepy during the day, have difficulty staying awake while sitting still, fall asleep while driving, and require caffeine every day to stay awake, you may have a sleep disorder. There are four main types of sleep disorders:  Insomnia: The most common sleep complaint. Insomnia is often a symptom of another issue, such as stress, anxiety, depression, or another health condition. It can also be caused by lifestyle choices, like medication you take, a lack of exercise, jet lag, or your caffeine intake. Sleep apnea: Occurs when your breathing temporarily stops during sleep due to a blockage in your upper airways. These pauses in breathing interrupt your sleep, leading to many awakenings throughout the night. Sleep apnea is a serious, and potentially life threatening sleep disorder. If you suffer from this disorder, it's important to talk to a doctor and get a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine. This device delivers a stream of air to your airways while you sleep and can successfully treat the disorder. Restless leg syndrome: (RLS) is a sleep disorder caused by an irresistible urge to move your arms and legs. This urge usually occurs when you're lying down and is due to uncomfortable, tingly sensations in your arms and legs. Narcolepsy: This sleep disorder involves excessive,...


Обсудите с врачом общее состояние своего здоровья и питание, которые могли послужить причиной возникновения язвы во рту. Защищайте рот от возможных повреждений и травм. Обсудите с врачом общее состояние вашего здоровья. Изготовьте “колпачок” из воска для зуба или коронки (импланта и тому подобного) с острыми краями. Посетите стоматолога, который сможет убрать острый край зуба или зубной пломбы. Снизьте уровень стресса.

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Knowing the underlying causes may help you find the best pain remedy, as well as help you to prevent future canker sores.  Sodium lauryl sulfate, an ingredient in many toothpastes and mouth rinses, may cause a reaction in your mouth which leads to a canker sore. Food sensitivities to things like chocolate, coffee, strawberries, eggs, nuts, cheese, and spicy or acidic foods or a diet  lacking in vitamin B-12, zinc, folate (folic acid) or iron may cause canker sores. Minor, localized injuries to your mouth, such as biting the inside of your cheek, a sports accident, or brushing your teeth too vigorously, may inflame the tissue and cause an ulcer.  Wear a mouthguard during contact sports to prevent accidental cheek biting or other damage from your teeth. Use only a toothbrush with a soft head to brush your teeth. Some diseases and conditions, such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Behcet’s disease, and various autoimmune disorders may make you more prone to mouth ulcers. Ask your doctor for more ways to prevent mouth ulcers in your circumstances. Sometimes a misaligned or sharp tooth, or dental implements such as braces or dentures, rub against the inside of your cheek, irritating your canker sore. A homemade wax “cap” can protect ease the pain by protecting the sore from that friction.  Melt 1 tablespoon of beeswax and 2 teaspoons of coconut oil together. After it has cooled, press a small amount over the area of your tooth or dental devices that rubs the sore. If you have braces, use enough wax that it creates an actual barrier, rather than just pushed into and around the brace. If the canker sore has been caused by a sharp tooth or filling irritating the inside of your cheek, you should feel relief as soon as you seek treatment.  Your dentist will tell you if you are a candidate for recontouring. If your enamel is too thin, any filing may cause sensitivity to temperature that may be painful.  Your dentist can "recontour" your teeth by removing tiny bits of enamel with a sanding disc or a fine...


Обсудите с врачом послеоперационный период. Запланируйте достаточно времени на отдых. Носите компрессионное белье. Принимайте антибиотики, чтобы не допустить развития инфекции. Снимайте боль и отеки с помощью препаратов. Начните ходить как можно скорее. Следите за состоянием надрезов. Снимите швы. Будьте готовы к осложнениям. Знайте, когда будет заметен результат.

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Liposuction is an invasive type of surgery and can have many complications. It’s important to pay attention to your doctor’s post-op instructions and ask any questions you may have. This can help ensure that you heal properly and minimize your risk of complications.  You may want to ask your doctor questions about recovery at your last appointment before your surgery so that you understand everything. Make sure that whoever accompanies you to the surgery also pays attention to the doctor’s instruction in case you are too weary from the surgery or anesthetic to pay close attention. Whether you have your surgery in a hospital or as an outpatient, you will require at least a few days of rest. Generally, you can return to work or school after a few days.  Discuss the amount of rest time you may need with your doctor.  The recovery period is directly related to the size of the surgical area and amount of fat your doctor removed. If you had a larger area treated, you may need more time to recover.  Prepare your home and bedroom before you leave for your surgery. A comfortable environment, including a cozy mattress, pillows, and bedding can help you rest and heal more effectively. Following the surgery, your doctor will apply bandages and possibly also compression garments. Wearing compression bandages and garments can help maintain pressure on the area, stop bleeding, and keep the contours from the surgery.  Some doctors do not provide compression garments. You will need to purchase these either before or immediately after your surgery. You can find compression bandages and garments at pharmacies and medical supply stores.  It’s important to wear the compression garments. They provide support after surgery as well as helping reduce swelling and bruising and improving circulation, which can promote healing.  You will probably want to purchase compression garments designed specifically for the area of your body on which you had surgery. For example, if you had liposuction on your thighs, you would want two...


Обсудите с врачом прием обезболивающих — нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП). Расспросите своего лечащего врача об альвимопане. По назначению врача принимайте средства, размягчающие каловые массы и слабительные препараты.

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Ask your doctor if you should take an NSAID, such as aspirin or ibuprofen, and ask them to recommend a dosage. Taking NSAIDs relieves intestinal inflammation, which interferes with bowel function. Additionally, NSAIDs can reduce the need to take narcotic pain relievers, which make it more difficult to pass gas and go to the bathroom. Since you’ll be prescribed narcotic pain relievers, you’ll need to consult your doctor about the right dosage and type of NSAID medication to avoid harmful drug interactions. Alvimopan is a medication that reduces stomach pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting that opioid pain relievers can cause after surgery. If you're having trouble passing gas, your doctor might prescribe 2 oral doses per day for up to 7 days or until you’re discharged from the hospital. Before taking alvimopan, tell your doctor about any medications you take and whether you have a history of kidney or liver disease. Your doctor might have to adjust your dosage or monitor for adverse side effects if you take a calcium channel blocker, antibiotic or antifungal medications, or medication for irregular heartbeat. Depending on the type of surgery you had, your doctor might recommend an over-the-counter stool softener and a mild laxative. Take these and any other medications according to their instructions. Don’t take a laxative without asking your doctor.


Обсудите с врачом ребенка возможность хирургического вмешательства. Воспользуйтесь эндоскопией. Рассмотрите в качестве лечения рефлюкса высокой степень тяжести открытую хирургию. Лапароскопическая хирургия редко используется на детях.

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The main goals of treatment are to preserve normal kidney growth, prevent progressive kidney scars, and avoid recurrences of serious kidney-related infections.  When the effectiveness of medical management is compared to surgery in the general reflux child population, there are no great differences between the two in reaching these goals.  However, in those whose medical therapy fails to prevent these reflux-related consequences, surgery is considered. There are two basic methods to surgically correct reflux: minimally invasive endoscopic treatment and surgical repair. Bladder endoscopy is performed using a cystoscope (cystoscopy). The cystoscope is a thin, flexible, lighted telescope-like tube that enables the surgeon to look into the bladder and perform some tasks like tissue sampling and injections. The endoscopic procedure for reflux is often referred to as Deflux, which is the name of the material used to eliminate the reflux.  The Deflux procedure is done through the cystoscope. Deflux is a viscous biodegradable gel. No actual surgical incision is required for this procedure. Using the cystoscope, the surgeon injects Deflux to create a bulge just below or within the urethra where it enters the bladder.  The bulge reduces the size of the opening, allowing it to close during bladder contraction to eliminate reflux. After the procedure, the urine may be light pink for a while and your child may have some discomfort when urinating for about a day.  Acetaminophen can be used for the pain—follow the dose instructions on the package since this comes in many strengths. Open surgery for reflux is a treatment choice for high-grade reflux, particularly when the reflux is associated with more extensive abnormalities of the ureter or bladder. Your child will be hospitalized following the procedure and pain management provided.  This open surgery is much like any other procedure, but should be less painful. If everything goes well, your child should then be released from the hospital if she is eating, drinking, and...