Обратите внимание на дискомфорт в груди или спине. Обратите внимание на дискомфорт в верхней части спины. Следите за возникновением головокружения и/или предобморочного состояния. Обратите внимание на затрудненное дыхание. Обратите внимание на проявление желудочно-кишечных симптомов, вроде тошноты, несварения желудка и рвоты. Примите во внимание то, трудно ли вам переводить дух после пробуждения. Подумайте, возникает ли у вас ощущение тревоги. Обращайте внимание на проявления слабости и усталости.

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One of the main symptoms of a heart attack is a sensation of heaviness, tightness, squeezing, or pressure in the chest or upper back. This pain may not be sudden or severe. It may last for a few minutes, then go away and come back. Some people mistake heart attack pain for heartburn or indigestion. If this pain does not start soon after eating, if you do not usually have heartburn, or if it is accompanied by nausea (feeling like you are going to vomit), you need to visit the emergency room. Women suffering from a heart attack may experience sharp pain that resembles a toothache or earache in the jaw, neck, shoulder or back. This pain occurs because the nerves supplying these areas are also supplying the heart. This pain may come and go for a while before it becomes more intense. It may even be so intense that it wakes you up during the night.  These pains may be felt in each location at once, or in only some of the locations listed. Women often don't experience pain in their arm or shoulder men often report when they have a heart attack. If you suddenly feel faint, your heart may not be getting the blood it needs. If shortness of breath or a cold sweat accompanies the dizziness (feeling as if the room is spinning) or lightheadedness (feeling like you may faint), you could be having a heart attack. Decreased blood flow to the brain causes these symptoms. If you feel winded all of a sudden, this could be a sign of a heart attack. Feeling winded means that you feel as if you cannot catch your breath. If you are feeling short of breath, try breathing through pursed lips (as if you are going to whistle). You use less energy when you breathe this way. This method of breathing may also help you feel more relaxed and lessen the "shortness of breath" feeling. When you have a heart attack, the blood pressure in your lungs and heart rise while the pumping function of the heart decreases. Gastrointestinal symptoms are more common symptoms of a heart attack for women than for men. These symptoms are often overlooked by...


Обратите внимание на длительность боли. Подумайте, не связана ли боль в руке со стенокардией. Обратите внимание на другие симптомы.

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If your left arm pain has a very short duration (seconds) it is very unlikely to be caused by the heart. Along the same lines, if the pain has persisted for a long time (for days or even weeks), it is also unlikely to be heart-related. If it lasts in the realm of a few minutes to a few hours, however, it may be a heart attack. If your pain is recurring in short intervals, take note of all the durations and intensities of the pain on a piece of paper to bring to your doctor. This could also be heart-related and warrants prompt medical attention.  When the pain is released or accentuated by movement of the thorax (mid-spine region), it is probably due to a spinal degenerative disc disease, especially in older patients. This type of pain is unlikely to be caused by the heart. Similarly, when the pain appears after a vigorous exercise with your arms, it is probably muscular in origin. Look at your daily patterns. What seems to aggravate it? Angina is a pain that occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the heart. Angina is often a squeezing or pressure sensation; you may feel pain in your shoulders, your chest, your arms, your back, or your neck. It may also resemble the feeling of indigestion.  Although it is atypical for angina to appear only in the left arm, it is possible. Angina is usually worsened or provoked with stress - either physical stress (such as exertion, like after climbing a flight of stairs), or emotional stress (such as after a heated conversation or a disagreement at work).  If you suspect you may have angina, it is important to see a healthcare provider sooner rather than later. It is not life-threatening like a heart attack, but it nevertheless requires appropriate evaluation and treatment. In addition to the pain in your left arm, take note of any other areas that you are experiencing pain. This is one of the most accurate ways to tell whether your left arm pain is heart-related or not (and if it's serious). A heart attack is likely to be accompanied by:  Sudden and excruciating...


Обратите внимание на другие нетипичные симптомы у женщин. Обратите внимание на непривычную одышку. Обратите внимание на головокружение, беспокойство или потливость. Следите за биением сердца.

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Women may experience other atypical or uncommon signs of a heart attack more frequently than men. Some of these include:  Sudden onset of weakness Body aches Overall feeling of illness sometimes described as having the “flu” Sleep disturbances Shortness of breath is a symptom of a heart attack that can occur before chest pain. You will feel as if you can’t get enough oxygen into your lungs, or as if you just finished running a race. Symptoms of a heart attack can include feeling anxious for no apparent reason. You may experience lightheadedness or cold sweats without chest pain or other symptoms. Is your heart pounding in your chest? If your heart feels like it is pounding in your chest, or as though it is racing or you feel palpitations, or it feels as if the rhythm has changed, this is an atypical or uncommon sign of a heart attack.


Обратите внимание на дырки и темные точки. Осмотрите зубную нить на наличие разрывов и остатков пищи. Ощупайте поверхность зуба. Проверьте, не треснула ли пломба и не выпала ли она. Поищите сколы и трещины на зубах. Определите, из какого материала была сделана пломба.

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In addition to any physical sensations you may feel, you may be able to see signs that your fillings need replacement. One sign that your fillings may need replaced is seeing holes or dark spots. You may notice these while brushing or flossing your teeth every day. Paying attention for these signs can ensure you get prompt treatment and may minimize the risk of infection in your oral cavity. If you floss your teeth daily, look at the floss in between each tooth. You may notice tears in the floss or pieces of food it may have removed. These can be signs of cracked teeth and/or a filling that needs replaced. Note which tooth either shreds the floss or always seems to have food stuck in it. This can help your dentist better identify which filling needs replacement, but in cases like this an x-ray is almost always a must. Most people love the feeling of clean and smooth teeth. You may notice that you have a tooth that never feels smooth even after brushing and flossing. This may be a sign that a filling needs replaced. Keep an eye on the tooth and notice if anything makes the roughness worse or better. If it doesn’t get any smoother, let you dentist know. In some cases, you may be able to see when a filling needs replaced. If you notice any physical symptoms, check inside your mouth to see if you have any fillings that are visibly broken, cracked, or missing. Contact your dentist for an appointment to confirm that you need the filling replaced. Wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap before putting them in or near your mouth. This can minimize your risk of introducing harmful bacteria into your mouth. Even if you can’t see a problematic filling, a chipped or fractured tooth may also indicate that you need a filling replaced. If you have physical symptoms but can’t see any cracked, broken, or missing fillings, check the surrounding teeth. They may have chips or fractures that need the attention of your dentist.  Use your tongue to identify any sharp edges or missing structures. Food that gets stuck in...


Обратите внимание на дыхание. Постарайтесь отвлечься, если ощущаете тошноту. Обратите внимание на учащенное сердцебиение. Обратите внимание на ощущение жара или озноба. Помассируйте ту часть тела, в которой вы ощущаете онемение. Обратите внимание на то, когда появляются симптомы. Получите лечение.

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Many people who are experiencing an anxiety attack feel as if they're choking. This can be one of the scariest symptoms of an anxiety attack. You feel like you cannot breathe and that, in turn, can increase your level of panic. In such situations it is very important to do your best to draw slow, deep breaths. As your body and your mind constantly influence each other, breathing slowly sends signals to your mind that trick it into a state of relaxation. Frantic breathing will just tell your brain that you are in danger and will increase your panic. Feeling like you might throw up is a common sensation when in a shocking and stressful situation. What you need to do in such occasions, in order to send calming signals to your brain, is sit down comfortably and try breathing deeply. Nausea due to anxiety is not stomach related and can dissipate quickly. Avoid closing your eyes, as this will make you concentrate on the feeling of nausea even harder. Instead, focus on somebody else or on a detail of your surroundings. Doing so will help distract your brain and will help the nausea go away faster. A pounding heart and shooting pains in the chest, neck, or head is common with anxiety attacks. This symptom resembles a heart attack very closely and so it can be incredibly scary. In this scenario, lie down and breathe deeply. The pain will go away when your body becomes more relaxed. If you do not have a serious heart condition, you can rest assured that it is in fact an anxiety attack coming on. Still, the best course of action here is to lie down. Sudden feelings of hot flashes or cold chills are a common physical symptom a panic attack. You might start sweating heavily or tremble, as this is caused by adrenaline being released. These symptoms usually go away in a few minutes. Some people tend to get very hot while others get very cold; it all depends on the person. Luckily, it rarely leads to more serious consequences, like fainting, because it usually passes within minutes. You may feel this as a "pins and needles"...


Обратите внимание на его отношение к вам. Обращайте внимание на то, кто из вас становится инициатором разговора. Обратите внимание на смайлики. Ждите прикосновений. Обратите внимание на то, есть ли у молодого человека привычка порисоваться. Обратите внимание на то, говорит ли он о вас.

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If you talk to him online, notice if he's confident and talkative, then see if he's the same way in person. If he likes you, chances are he'll be nervous/shy when you're right in front of him. If you talk to him online, take note of who starts most of the conversations. If it's him, that's a good sign that he likes you. These days people throw out emoticons all the time. It’s usually a good indication of him liking you if he regularly sends you smiley faces. If you’re flattered, send a smiley face back. It may give him the courage to ask you out. When a guy tries to touch you in a casual way, that is a good indicator that he likes you. Beware of the creepier guys who may try to touch you in inappropriate ways.  If it is done properly, then just smile and keep the conversation flowing. Some men will take the primal route and try to impress you with their feats. Even the nervous type can embellish a story to you. Notice if he tries to grab your attention with a story about him “rescuing sea otters off the south pacific” or how his “dad played in Fleetwood Mac.”  They’ll usually go for something small like “yeah I play the electric guitar” or “did you see my touchdown last Friday?” If you like them back and they begin throwing out their feats, play along but quickly change the subject. You can’t necessarily go out looking for this. It just happens if it happens. Sometimes if guys are interested they’ll ask your friends about you. This is a clear indication that he likes you.


Обратите внимание на его привычки и приоритеты. Обратите внимание на то, о чем вы разговариваете, когда вместе. Обращайте внимание на флирт. Знайте "фальшивую дату", когда это произойдет. Обратите внимание, как он относится к другим девочкам.

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If your guy friend likes you, hanging out with you will become one of his favorite things to do. He'll want to hang out with you as much as he can and will sometimes even cancel his other plans to be able to do so. If your guy friend suddenly seems to be contacting you to see what you're up to and find out whether you're busy every day, you may be dealing with a lovesick guy pal. Guys with big crushes on their lady friends will sometimes very subtly allude to their feelings in conversation. They do this in a number of ways. Some try to steer the conversation toward romantic topics, asking questions about who their female friend likes and whether she's looking for someone. Others will want to talk about the practice of dating itself, for instance, joking about how ridiculous most couples seem to be. Keep track of the types of conversations you have with your guy friend - if they mostly seem to be about romance or dating, even if he makes no indication that he's interested in dating you specifically, this may be his way of signalling his interest. There's an obvious exception to this rule. If your guy friend involves you in his love life by asking you for advice with other girls, it's usually a sign that he thinks of you as a non-romantic friend. Some guys are less shy than others. Especially confident guys may even enjoy openly flirting with you. If your guy friend has developed a habit of playfully teasing you, making silly innuendos, or seems to enjoy scandalizing you, this shows that, at the very least, he's thought about you as more than a friend. Realize that a guy's intentions can be somewhat vague when he flirts. Many guys have a habit of flirting, then playing their flirtation off as a joke if their advances aren't immediately reciprocated. Still others flat out use flirtation and innuendo as a form of goofing off. Persistent, repeated flirtation, however, is almost always a sign of something more. Guys who wish they were dating their gal friend sometimes recreate the atmosphere of a date when they're...


Обратите внимание на его приоритеты. Обратите внимание на то, как он говорит с вами и о вас. Убедитесь, что его уровень зрелости и постоянства совпадает с вашим. Постарайтесь расслабиться, когда вы рядом с ним. Парень должен быть честен, особенно с вами. Настаивайте на том, чтобы найти парня, который будет верным.

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You want Mr. Right to have his priorities in the right order.  He should prioritize your happiness over how his friends, coworkers, or family think of him. If he's worried because you make him seem less manly or cool, he's not Mr. Right. He should also share your priorities regarding things like work, finances, lifelong education, better himself, etc.  Life priorities are different for everyone, so it's hard to say which ones he should and shouldn't have. What's important is that his priorities are the same as yours. Just remember: you should not expect any more from him than you expect from yourself. When he introduces you to people, does he try to avoid calling you his girlfriend? Is he reluctant to introduce you to his parents, even though you've been dating for quite a while? These are bad signs. You should also watch out for how he talks to you. Is he insulting or does he make you feel bad? Mr. Right does not say hurtful things to you on purpose. Sometimes your guy may try to point out some flaws that you have. This can be good or it can be bad, depending on how he does it. If he really is worried about you and he wants to help you better yourself, he'll never pressure you or create an ultimatum. Instead, he'll consider your feelings on the topic and if you want to change then he'll help you find good ways to do it. Much like life priorities can differ depending on the person, maturity levels can also be different. Just find what works for you and insist on it. If you like someone that's playful and carefree, then that's fine. But if you need someone that can be a grown-up with you, then you deserve to have that. Don't write it off as boys-will-be-boys. If you feel like you have to take care of him all the time then your relationship will not work in the long run. When you're with Mr. Right you should feel free. You should feel like it's okay to try new things and explore the world around you. The world should feel full of possibilities. He should encourage you, not hold you back. If he makes you feel...


Обратите внимание на ее взгляд. Обращайте внимание на размер ее зрачков. Подсчитайте, сколько раз в минуту она моргает.

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There are several things that eyes can tell you about the way she might feel romantically. If her eyes seem to gravitate toward your face and eyes often, during conversation and when you are not in conversation, she may be interested in you romantically. Typically if a person is interested in someone else sexually, than her gaze will shift to parts of his body that she finds attractive. If a person is romantically interested in another person, her gaze will stay more focused on their face and eyes of the other person.  Be careful though, her eye shifting patterns could be a sign that she is an extrovert. Extroverts tend to be much more stimulated by social interactions and make more eye contact than introverts. Constricting eye pupils are another indicator or interest or desire. If you notice that the black pupils of her eyes become smaller when she is looking at you, it could indicate that she is interested in you romantically or sexually. People's eyes will dilate when they are looking at something that they want.   This is particularly easy to spot in people with blue eyes because of the contrast between the darker black pupil and the lighter blue iris. Be careful, people’s pupils also constrict in response to increased light brightness, so be aware of any lighting changes if you notice her pupils constrict. If while you are talking she blinks more than 6-10 times in a minute, that could indicate that she has feelings for you. People who are looking at something or someone they like tend to blink more often than normal. Wear a watch with a second hand that you can easily watch while you are counting. Make sure that you two are interacting while you count.


Обратите внимание на ее мимику и жесты. Обратите внимание на то, как она выглядит, когда она рядом с вами. Обратите внимание на то, краснеет ли она в вашей компании.

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Body language can go a long way in helping you see whether or not the girl really likes you. Her words may not tell you that she likes you, but her body can give her away. If the girl really likes you, then she may turn her body toward you and try to lean in when she's talking to you so she can get a little closer. Here are a few more signs that she's into you:  See if she twirls her hair or looks down at her feet. This means that she's feeling shy and nervous about talking to you because she likes you. See if she shuffles her feet or plays with her hands or jewelry. This is another sign that she's fidgeting because she likes you. See if she breaks eye contact. If you share a moment of intense eye contact and then she looks away, it may mean that she's feeling shy about talking to you. Check out her smile. Does she smile when she's talking to you, even if you don't say anything that should make her smile? This may mean that she likes you. Do you notice that she dresses up more when she knows she'll be around you? If you both know you'll be running into her at the mall and she's all dressed up and wears more makeup than usual, it may be for you. If she knows she'll see you on the weekend and puts on a new dress, she may be trying to look good for you.  She may also put on a hint of perfume if she knows she'll be around you. If you don't think she wears perfume during school but suddenly puts it on when you're at a group hang at the movies, it may be for you. You'll need to take into consideration whether she's known for her above-and-beyond style even when you're not around. For example, ask other classmates if she dresses up on days you don't see each other, or pay attention to how she looks on days when you run into her accidentally to see if her outfits are always as put-together as they are when she knows she'll be around you. This is a dead giveaway that she really likes you. If you catch her blushing after you look at her, or if her face turns bright red in the middle of a conversation with you, then...


Обратите внимание на закономерности. Обратитесь за советом к учителю. Оцените свои учебные привычки.

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Finding a pattern in your mistakes is a good way to isolate and overcome your problem areas on your own.  Was there a subject, like math or English, that you didn't do well on? If so, study more frequently in those areas. Was there a group of related test questions you missed? If so, try to categorize them and figure out what subject you could study harder in. Did you continually show up to class late? If so, try to be more punctual. They know your strengths and weaknesses, so don't be afraid to ask for help. Instead of asking, “why did I get a bad grade,” ask, “how can I restructure my answers in a way that would earn me a better grade?” Try to be fair and objective while you self-reflect. Take some time to think about how, and how much, you studied or prepared for the assignment. If you didn’t study or if you procrastinated, this could have contributed to the bad grade. Aim to improve your study habits in the future if this was the case.


Обратите внимание на знак «минус» перед дробью. Умножьте дробь на себя. Помните, что при перемножении двух отрицательных чисел получается положительное число. После возведения в квадрат избавьтесь от знака «минус» (-). Сократите дробь.

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If you are working with a negative fraction, it will have a minus sign in front of it. It is good practice to always put parentheses around a negative number so you know that the “–“ sign is referring to the number and not telling you to subtract two numbers. For example: (–2/4) Square the fraction as you would normally by multiplying the numerator by itself and then multiplying the denominator by itself. Alternatively, you can simply multiply the fraction by itself. For example: (–2/4)2 = (–2/4) x (–2/4) When a minus sign is present, the entire fraction is negative. When you square the fraction, you are multiplying two negative numbers together. Whenever two negative numbers are multiplied together, they make a positive number. For example: (-2) x (-8) = (+16) After you have squared the fraction, you will have multiplied two negative numbers together. This means that the squared fraction will be positive. Be sure to write your final answer without the negative sign.  Continuing the example, the resulting fraction will be a positive number. (–2/4) x (–2/4) = (+4/16) Generally, the convention is to drop the “+” sign for positive numbers. The final step when doing any calculations with a fraction is to reduce it. Improper fractions must first be simplified into mixed numbers and then reduced.  For example: (4/16) has a common factor of four. Divide the fraction through by 4: 4/4 = 1, 16/4= 4 Rewrite simplified fraction: (1/4)


Обратите внимание на знак вторичной переработки. Как выбрать клей для пластика, отмеченного цифрой 6. Как выбрать клей для пластика, отмеченного цифрами 2, 4 или 5. Выбираем клей для пластика, отмеченного 7 или 9. Как еще можно определить вид пластика. Поищите дополнительную информацию о том, как склеить пластиковое изделие с изделием из другого материала.

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Different varieties of plastic require different glues. The easiest way to identify the type is to search for a recycling symbol on the plastic itself, the label, or the packaging the object came in. This symbol is a triangle formed by three arrows, and contains a number, letter or both inside or below the triangle. A recycling symbol containing a 6 or PS signifies the plastic type "polystyrene". This is best glued with a poly cement (also called plastic cement), or a specialized plastic glue such as Loctite Epoxy Plastic Binder or Super Glue Plastic Fusion. Other adhesives that will work include a cyanoacrylate (also called "instant glue" or "cyano"), or an epoxy. If your material is labeled 2, 4, 5, HDPE, LDPE, PP, or UMHW, you have a type of "polyethylene" or "polypropylene". These plastics are much more difficult to glue, and you'll need to look for a specific product that names these types on its label, such as Loctite Plastics Bonding System or Scotch Weld DP 8010. The miscellany category marked 7 or the ABS type marked 9 can indicate a variety of plastic resins, with many possible letters indicating subtypes. Your best bet for gluing it is an epoxy or cyanoacrylate. If there is no recyclable system, you may have to guess at which type of plastic it is before you can select a glue. Here's a guide to help you accomplish this task:  Lego bricks are made from a type of plastic called "ABS", and are best glued using epoxy cement. ABS solvent cement will also work, but may alter the shape of the material's surface. Imitation glass, cheap toys, CD cases, and similar brittle, often clear plastic is usually "polystyrene" and can be glued using a number of adhesives. For best results, use a poly cement or a glue advertised for plastic bonding. Glue tough, hard plastic found in bottles, buckets, crates, and food containers using a product that specifically advertises the ability to bond "polyethylene" and "polypropylene". These are impossible to glue by most normal methods, so don't assume a product labeled "for...


Обратите внимание на зуд (особенно по ночам). Ищите появление темных или голубоватых пятен на пораженных участках. Поищите маленькие белые на лобковых волосах. Ищите гниды, прикрепленные к волосам.

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This is the most common symptom of having crabs. It will usually start 5 days after you get exposed to the bug and be isolated within the genital and anal area. It tends to be worse during nighttime hours because this is the time when the lice become more active and feed more often. Fight the urge to itch, as getting lice under your fingernails or on your hands will make the infection more likely to spread. Even if you're not entirely sure crabs may be the culprit, it's better to be safe than sorry. This will appear once the crabs have bitten the surface of your skin. It indicates that blood has been withdrawn from your skin through biting. Several spots will be seen depending on how many crabs currently infest the pubis area. The longer you've had crabs, the more visible these colored spots will become. If left untreated, the area will be covered in all the dark spots the lice have bit. Crabs do a lot of hair gripping through their claws that will prevent them from falling from the hair. If you look closely you will see eggs attached to the hair and lice crawling over the area. Of course, it's not just your pubic hair that could be affected, though that's the most common site. If necessary, take a close look at your eyebrows and eyelashes, too, for similar manifestations. Nits are the eggs of the crabs. They look like white, tiny, oval-shaped eggs. They are usually found near the roots or the base of the hair. These are just as important to get rid of as the crabs themselves. Once you've started treatment and adult lice aren't visible, nits are what you need to keep an eye on to make sure the infection doesn't return.


Обратите внимание на зуд в ухе. Обратите внимание на покраснение внутри уха. Обратите внимание на дискомфорт в ухе. Следите за появлением выделений. Обратитесь к врачу.

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Itching in the outer ear and ear canal is the first sign of swimmer’s ear.  Because one of the main causes of an ear infection is through your ear being exposed to water, pay particular attention to itching that arises in the days soon after you have gone swimming. Infections due to fungi cause greater itchiness than those due to bacteria. If you can see slight redness beginning just inside your ear, you may be developing an ear infection. In most cases, the infection will only take place in one ear. You might not be in any real pain yet but have some slight discomfort, indicating an ear infection. This discomfort even more clearly indicates an ear infection if you can make it worse by pulling on your outer ear (called the pinna) or by pushing on the little bump on the front of your ear (called the tragus). Pinna and tragus-induced irritations are considered classic findings in swimmer’s ear. At this stage of the infection, any drainage would be clear and odourless fluid. Drainage quickly becomes yellow coloured and foul smelling as the infection progresses. At the first signs of an ear infection, go see your doctor. Although this is not an urgent medical issue, the infection can progress to the point of significant pain, chronic ear infection damage, and widespread infection.  There is a difference between swimmers ear, an infection in the ear canal usually due to water exposure, and a middle ear infection (otitis media). Otitis media usually occurs during or after an upper respiratory infection or with allergies. Your doctor can help determine which type of infection you may have and the proper treatment. Do not rely on over-the-counter ear drops. These drops usually do not have effective medication in them to clear the infection and you will need a prescription from your doctor for antibiotic or antifungal ear drops. Your doctor will examine your ear using an otoscope, which she gently inserts into the beginning of your ear canal. The otoscope helps her see the condition of the ear canal as well as the ear...


Обратите внимание на зуд и покалывание кожи головы. Ищите язвочки на голове, вызванные царапинами от расчесывания ногтями. Ищите маленькие красные волдыри на коже головы.

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It's pretty much what it sounds like—humans are allergic to the (very small) amounts of saliva that lice inject into the skin in order to retrieve blood. If you have intense itchiness in your scalp area, check for head lice. While itching is the most common symptom of a head lice infection, some people may experience no symptoms at all. These sores can sometimes become infected with bacteria normally found on a person’s skin. These bumps are caused when the lice farm blood from your scalp. They may ooze or become crusty. Some people may also develop a bumpy rash on the back of their neck.


Обратите внимание на зуд и сыпь на коже. Обратите внимание на тошноту и диарею. Обратите внимание на спазмы. Обратите внимание на внезапный дефицит железа в организме.

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If you have a hookworm infection, the first symptom you will notice is generally that your skin is itchier than normal. The itching begins with the hookworm larvae enter your skin. You may also notice the skin swelling and becoming red in the area where the itching sensation is the worst. This is also caused by the larvae entering your skin. People commonly feel hookworm itch in their hands and feet. When the hookworm enters your intestines, it can aggravate your intestines, leading to nausea and diarrhea. The hookworm can also release toxins that disrupt your digestive system. The nausea may occur with or without vomiting. Look for blood in your stool. The blood could be red or black. Hookworms can cause your colon to become inflamed. They can also irritate the lining of your intestine, which is comprised of the colon, cecum and rectum. When this occurs you might experience cramps in your abdomen. This symptom only occurs in severe hookworm infections. Hookworms feed directly on their hosts blood, which can lead to their host becoming iron deficient. Signs that you are iron deficient include:  Extreme fatigue and overall weakness. Pale skin and eyes. Chest pain and headache. Shortness of breath.


Обратите внимание на зуд или припухлости на коже. Проверьте одежду. Распознайте вшей.

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If you have an infestation of body lice, chances are that you will also have itchy skin or bumps that result from their bites.  If you notice any unusual itching or red, slightly swollen bumps on your skin you may have body lice.  Itching is most intense around your waist or areas of the body where clothes are in close contact. Red bumps may scab over after appearing and will be itchy. Although body lice survive by taking blood from their host, they actually live in the folds of clothing.  Finding body lice on the body or skin can be difficult.  Search your clothes to have the best chance of finding any body lice that may be present.  Using a magnifying glass can help in your search. Check clothing items that are closest to your skin, such as underwear. Body lice can be difficult to see as they are very small and can move around the body quite easily.  Their tendency to hide and live within your clothes can also make them difficult to find.  However, it is possible to find both the body lice and their eggs with a close examination, confirming their presence.  Adult lice will be around 3 to 4 millimeters in length. Lice have six legs. Body lice may appear tan or gray. An egg, or nit, is usually small, oval, and slightly yellow in color.


Обратите внимание на издаваемые вами звуки во время раскрытия шейки. Следите за своими эмоциями. Попробуйте ощутить запах раскрытия. Обратите внимание на кровь и слизь. Найдите фиолетовую линию. Оценивайте состояние вашего тела. Следите за напряжением в спине.

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There are many indicators of dilation that don’t require inserting your fingers into your vagina. This can be especially helpful if you are in a lot of pain or discomfort. Most women will make some type of sound when they’re in labor. Listening to what types of sounds you’re making can cue you into how much you’re cervix has dilated. The following sounds can accompany the various stages of labor and cervical dilation:  At 0-4 centimeters dilated, you may not be making much noise and can talk through a contraction with little effort. At 4-5 centimeters, it may be difficult to nearly impossible to talk. Your noises may still be quiet. Between 5-7 centimeters, you may make louder and staccato noises. It should be nearly or completely impossible to talk through contractions. Between 7–10 centimeters (2.8–3.9 in), you may be making very loud noises and shouldn’t be able to talk through a contraction. If you’re a silent laborer, you can also check your dilation. Tell someone to ask you a question at the start of a contraction. The less you are able to say a sentence, the farther along your dilation is. Childbirth is an inherently emotional experience for the woman in labor. Watching what emotions you’re experiencing can cue you into how far your cervix is dilated. You may have the following emotions during labor:  Happiness and laughter between 1-4 centimeters Smiley and laughing at little things between contractions between 4-6 centimeters Irritation at jokes and small talk around 7 centimeters until birth. Many people will notice certain scents when a woman gets to between 6 and 8 centimeters dilated. The smell of labor is deep, heavy, and dusky—not musky. If you notice a distinct change to these scents in the smell of the room in which you’re laboring, your cervix may be between 6 and 8 centimeters dilated. Some women may see a stringy mucus discharge at 39 weeks that is tinged pink or brown with blood. This bloody show may continue through the early stages of labor. At 6-8 centimeters dilated, however, a lot of...


Обратите внимание на изменение веса. Обратите внимание, не придает ли он большое значение своему внешнему виду. Иногда мужчина смотрит в зеркало - и не узнает себя.

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A man in a midlife crisis may either gain or lose a lot of weight. With that obviously comes changes in eating and exercising, too. This will seem to come on suddenly instead of a gradual weight loss or gain that most of us experience ten times over. Some men will gain a lot of weight, start binging on junk food and take up a sedentary lifestyle. Others will lose weight, lose interest in food, and even go on crash diets or excessively exercise. In certain cases, both are unhealthy. It's possible that a rogue, gray nose hair set off your man's midlife crisis. If he had this dawning revelation that he's getting old, he may start taking strides to look and stay young, ridiculous as they may be. He may try anti-aging solutions that range from a cabinet full of creams to cosmetic procedures or even plastic surgery. A change of fashion may come, too. All of a sudden it's as if he's raided your son's closet in a desperate attempt to be cool. Sounds terribly embarrassing, but it's nothing compared to plastic surgery. Often men mid-crisis see themselves and realize that they don't recognize their reflection. In their heads, they're still that gregarious 25-year-old with a full head of hair and tanned, glowing skin. One day they wake up and that hair seems to have moved to their nose and ears and that tan, glowing skin is still tan and glowing, just a few inches south. Imagine if you woke up feeling 20 years older. Terrible, huh? That's what your man is going through. He's facing the realization that he's not young anymore and life is half over – and he's weathered to prove it.


Обратите внимание на изменение полового влечения вашего мужчины. Обратите внимание на поведение мужчины, если он вдруг стал стараться задобрить вас. Обратите внимание на его поведение, если он вдруг стал помогать больше, чем обычно. Следите за изменениями настроения вашего мужчины. Обратите внимание, изменилось ли его поведение во время телефонных разговоров. Проследите за тем, как он себя ведет за компьютером. Обратите внимание на его оправдания. Обратите внимание на то, что он говорит.

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There are two changes to look for here. The more obvious one is that if your man is seeing someone else, he may not be excited about sex anymore. If your sex life has been dwindling for a while, then not having much sex doesn’t mean your man is cheating, but if he used to be excited about getting into bed with you and isn’t anymore, it may be a sign that he’s getting it elsewhere.  Another change you may notice is that suddenly your man has an insatiable sexual appetite. This may mean that his sex drive has become more intense because he’s sleeping with another lady. See what he’s like in bed. Is he suddenly much more adventurous than before? Has he always stuck to the same routine and is he now trying to spice things up every time you get into bed? He may be getting his moves from another woman. You should also see if he’s suddenly shy with his body around you and doesn’t want you to see him with his shirt off. If he only wants to have sex in the dark, then it may be because he does not feel right about sharing his body with two women. He may be much nicer to you because he feels guilty for being unfaithful. If he’s been distant or uncommunicative, or if he just isn’t a very demonstrative person, but he’s suddenly being very kind and sweet, and always telling you nice things, then it may be because he’s trying to compensate for seeing someone on the side.  But then again, he could just be being nicer because you are going through a rough patch and he is trying to make it up to you. If he suddenly brings you flowers, chocolate, and sweet cards, he could just be trying to be bringing back that loving feeling. Alternatively, he may be compensating for cheating. If your husband is not normally too handy around the house, but now he’s doing the dishes, doing the grocery shopping, or even doing the cooking, then something may be up. He’s certainly trying to compensate for something, and it may be cheating. But again, maybe he’s just trying to be nice suddenly, or wants something else from you as a result. Still,...


Обратите внимание на изменение тела рыбки. Обратите внимание, насколько энергична ваша рыбка. Обратите внимание, нет ли в глазах рыбки признаков катаракты.

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You might notice that with every day, your betta seems to be getting paler or even with daily feeding your fish gets skinnier. These are signs of an aging betta. Your betta will flare with much less gusto than it used to when it get old. After so many years, many bettas lose the enthusiasm to flare.  Also, while a healthy adult betta will swim around vigorously in its tank, old bettas will hide behind plants and décor and swim sluggishly. When feeding your betta, watch it to see how quickly it spots its food. Old bettas may swim slowly to their food and miss it a couple of times before spotting it. Old bettas tend to have "cataracts," which are filmy or hazy spots inside the eye. This is normal for old bettas, and will happen no matter how big the tank you have is or how clean you keep the water.


Обратите внимание на изменение цвета зубов. Присмотритесь к изменению формы зубов. Присмотритесь к зубам, нет ли там трещин. Обратите внимание на повышенную чувствительность зубов. Следите за тем, как вы жуете. Проверьте, нет ли в зубах дырок и полостей.

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When your enamel breaks down there are many ways in which your teeth physically change. From the color to the shape, the loss of enamel can cause your teeth to look drastically different.  Dentin is the yellowish layer of your tooth located under your enamel. As the enamel wears down and the dentin gets thinner and a thinner layer of enamel covers the dentin, it becomes more transparent and your teeth will appear more yellow.  How yellow your teeth are is a good indication of how thin your enamel is; the less enamel you have, the more yellow your teeth will be. If you're uncertain as to whether your teeth are yellow from stains or due to enamel loss, try having them whitened. Artificial stains will come off. Another way in which your teeth physically change when enamel loss occurs is a change in shape. Your teeth may appear to be rounded and short.  When you lose enamel your teeth may take on a rounded shape and can also cause your teeth to look shorter than normal.  If you have a tooth filling, you may notice that your tooth seems to have shrunk around the filling. This shrinkage is caused by the loss of tooth enamel. Teeth that have lost a good deal of enamel may develop fractures or chips. Even if your teeth haven’t developed fractures yet, you should see a doctor as soon as you notice that your teeth are looking brittle and thin. This is a sign that they might fracture soon. When enamel wears down the dentin layer underneath is revealed. Not only does this make your teeth yellow, it also makes them very sensitive to pain.  This sensitivity may arise when you eat hot or cold foods and occasionally sweet foods, or when you inhale cool air. In severe enamel and dentin decay, the pulp, which is the innermost part of the tooth, could also become damaged, leading to a lesion called pulpitis. If this is the case, you will experience severe pain when you eat. When enamel and dentin begin to thin your teeth may appear shorter and you may find it more difficult to chew.  The chewing surfaces of your teeth become...


Обратите внимание на изменения в аппетите. Примите во внимание любое рискованное поведение. Подумайте, как часто вы в последнее время плакали, насколько легко вас довести до слез. Подумайте о любых странных болевых ощущениях, которые вы испытывали.

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Sudden weight gain or weight loss could be a sign of any number of medical issues, but even if depression is not the cause, you should still consult a doctor. If you have noticed that your appetite has increased or decreased significantly, then be sure to talk to your doctor about this as well. This may be a symptom of depression, or it could indicate another underlying problem. You may also consider any risky behaviors that you have adopted as a symptom. This is especially true for men with depression. If you have recently started engaging in drug and/or alcohol use, unsafe sex, reckless driving, or dangerous sports, then this may indicate depression. Frequent crying paired with other symptoms could indicate depression, especially if you aren't sure why you're crying. Consider how often you typically cry and what makes you cry.  For example, if you find yourself crying for no reason or over something trivial, such as spilling a cup of water or missing your bus, then this is a good indication that you may be depressed. Be sure to share this symptom with your doctor. Tearfulness, or frequent crying, is a common symptom of depression in teens. If you have frequent unexplained headaches or other pains, this is another good reason to consult a doctor. A medical condition may be to blame or the aches and pains may be due to depression.  Physical pain is one of the more common and often overlooked signs of depression in men. If you are a man experiencing backaches, headaches, stomach problems, sexual dysfunction, or any other physical symptoms, be sure to tell your doctor.  Elderly people often complain about physical problems over mental or emotional ones, and so depression may hide for a long time. Be aware of any physical changes, deaths of friends, and losses of independence that could trigger depression. You may also notice things like having trouble sleeping, or sleeping too much.


Обратите внимание на изменения в коже и ногтях. Осмотрите ноги на наличие язвенных образований. Остерегайтесь полного отсутствия чувствительности.

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Advanced damage to autonomic nerves in your feet will likely cause you to sweat less, so there will be less moisture in the skin (which become dry, scaly and/or flaky) and toenails (which become brittle). You may notice your toenails start to crumble and look similar to a fungal infection.  If there is concomitant arterial disease caused by diabetes, lower leg skin can turn dark brown due to lack of blood flow. In addition to color changes, the texture of the skin may change, often looking smoother and shinier than before. Ulceration of the skin on the feet is a consequence of advanced sensory nerve damage. Initially, neuropathic ulcers can be painful, but as sensory nerve damage progresses, the ability of the nerves to transmit pain is dramatically reduced. Repeated injury can result in multiple ulcer formation that you may not even notice.  Neuropathic ulcers usually develop on the bottoms of feet, especially in those who constantly walk around barefoot. The presence of ulcers increases the risk of infection and gangrene (tissue death). Completely losing all sensation in your feet is a very dire situation and never considered normal. Not being able to feel the sensations of touch, vibration or pain makes it difficult to walk and puts you in danger of foot trauma leading to infection. In advanced stages of the disease, the muscles of the feet may become paralyzed, making walking without assistance nearly impossible.  Loss of pain and temperature sensation may lead to carelessness about accidental burns and cuts. You may be unaware that you're injuring your feet. Complete lack of coordination and balance puts you at risk for leg, hip and pelvis fractures due to falling.


Обратите внимание на изменения в форме и размере груди. Обратите внимание на необычные выделения из сосков. Поищите признаки отека. Поищите вмятины в тканях груди и обратите внимание на изменения в сосках. Обратите внимание на истончение кожи, красноту, ощущение жара и зуд. Помните, что боль нельзя считать нормальным состоянием. Научитесь узнавать признаки давнего рака груди.

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Swelling from a tumor or infection can distort the shape and size of the breast tissue. This change often occurs on only one breast, but may appear to be on both sides. If you are not currently breastfeeding, there should be no discharge coming from the nipple. If there is discharge, especially without squeezing the nipple or breast tissue, seek medical attention for further testing. In particular, look for swelling around the breast, collarbone or armpit. There are aggressive and invasive types of breast cancer that may cause swelling in these areas before you can feel a lump in the breast tissue. Tumors or growths in the breast near the surface of the skin or nipple can cause a change in shape of the tissue. In some instances, the nipple will become inverted or you may notice a dimpling in the skin over the breast tissue. Inflammatory breast cancer, though rare, is a particularly invasive and aggressive type of cancer. It may present with symptoms similar to an infection in the breast, such a tissue that is warm, itching or red. If antibiotics do not quickly resolve the issue you should seek the care of a breast surgeon immediately. If you experience pain in your breast tissue or at the nipple area which does not resolve quickly you should seek medical attention. Breast tissue is not normally painful and pain may indicate an infection, growth, or lump or tumor. However, breast pain is not usually a sign of cancer. Keep in mind that if you are still menstruating or pregnant, you may experience temporary breast soreness, discomfort, tenderness as a result of hormone fluctuations. However, if you feel pain and it is persistent and unrelated to your menstrual cycle, you should still consult your doctor. Remember, exhibiting these signs doesn’t necessarily mean you have breast cancer. They’re all good reasons to see a doctor, though, for further investigation. Such symptoms include:  Weight loss. Bone pain. Shortness of breath. Ulceration of the breast, meaning the existence of sores that may be red, itchy,...


Обратите внимание на изменения на коже. Следите за изменениями стула или мочеиспускания. Определите, не похудели ли вы. Остерегайтесь симптомов распространенных заболеваний. Не ставьте диагноз самостоятельно.

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Skin cancers can cause your skin to change color, making it darker, more yellow, or more red. If your skin changes color, make an appointment with your primary care physician or dermatologist. You may also notice more hair growing or itchy skin. If you have moles, you should watch for any changes in their appearance. Another symptom of cancer is an unusual lump or body area that thickens. Observe any sore that doesn't heal, or white patches in your mouth or on your tongue. If you have constipation that doesn't seem to go away, diarrhea, or any change in the size of your stool, they may indicate colon cancer. Signs of prostate or bladder cancer can include:  Painful urination Needing to urinate more or less than usual Unusual bleeding or discharge If you've lost weight, but haven't been dieting, you have unexplained weight loss. Losing more than 10 pounds is an early sign of cancer of the pancreas, stomach, esophagus, or lung. You may also have trouble swallowing or might have indigestion after you eat. These are symptoms of esophageal, throat, or stomach cancer. Some of the earliest symptoms of cancer might seem like symptoms of the common cold, with some key differences. You may notice cough, fatigue, fever or unexplained pain (like severe headache). Unlike common illnesses, you won't feel better after resting, the cough won't go away, and you may not have any sign of infection despite having a fever. Pain might be one of the earliest symptoms of cancer you experience. Fever is usually a symptom once the cancer has progressed. Don't assume that because you've noticed several symptoms, you definitely have cancer. Cancer symptoms can vary a great deal and can be non-specific. This means that many similar symptoms can indicate a number of other health problems ranging in severity. For example, fatigue can mean many things, only one of which is cancer. Instead, fatigue might just be one symptom of a different condition that you're experiencing. This is why a proper medical diagnosis is important.


Обратите внимание на качество дыхания. Измерьте температуру. Обратите внимание на цвет мокроты. Обратите внимание на проблемы с дыханием. Обратите внимание на общие симптомы. Обратите внимание на кашель, если он не проходит. Знайте, что у вас может быть инфекция верхних дыхательных путей.

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Is the person having difficulty breathing? Is the person unable to talk, grabbing and flailing their arms in the air? Is the person turning pale or bluish around the lips? For any of these symptoms, call emergency services, such as by dialing 911 in the United States, because this is an emergency. Running a fever with a cough is also an indication that something may be wrong and the person may require medical attention. If the person has a fever above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 degrees Celsius), then call a doctor.   A fever indicates that you have a serious underlying infection or virus that needs to be treated.  If you have a low grade fever, one below 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 degrees Celsius), then call your doctor if it lasts for more than 72 hours. If you have a fever of 103 degrees Fahrenheit (39.4 degrees Celsius) or above, then this is a medical emergency and you should call emergency services immediately. If the sputum (phlegm) is green, yellow, red, or brown, this indicates an infection or inflammation and you will need to contact a physician. When you suffer from a wet, productive cough, you produce phlegm. Phlegm is produced when your lungs are inflamed or if you have an infection. When you have a productive cough, you need to keep a close eye on what your phlegm looks like. This can give you a clue that your cough is more serious. Look for any red streaks in your phlegm. This indicates that there is blood in your phlegm. If you notice blood, go see your doctor right away or get to an emergency room.  When you are sick, cough out your phlegm into a tissue or napkin so you can examine it.  If your phlegm is clear, it is considered normal. This change of color means you may have an underlying infection that may cause problems. Breathing problems go hand in hand with serious coughs, since both deal with the lungs. If you have any difficulty breathing because you can't stop coughing or can't take a deep breath after you cough, you should call for emergency services. Also look for bluish or grey...


Обратите внимание на клинические симптомы мастита. Проведите анализы. Сделайте вывод на основе поведения и истории стада.

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Mastitis usually comes on as either a systemic form or a chronic form. The systemic form develops very quickly and presents symptoms like high fever (above 105 degrees Fahrenheit, or 40.5 degrees Celsius) and an elevated pulse. The chronic form of mastitis typically develops as a persistent and often-incurable infection.  Acute mastitis is marked by hard, swollen, reddish mammary glands, as well as milk secretions that are watery and yellowish (due to the presence of white blood cells). Chronic mastitis is usually marked by hard lumps on the udder and may be accompanied by an inability to produce milk and a hot feeling to the touch. Common tests your vet may order include a microbiologic milk culture, a somatic cell count (SCC), the California Mastitis Test (CMT), or an Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) test. The SCC and the CMT are the two most frequently-used tests to identify cases of mastitis. Be aware that negative bacterial cultures do not necessarily mean that there is not a case of bacterial mastitis. Many types of bacteria are shed cyclically and therefore may not show up in a milk sample. If one or more goats in your herd have mastitis, it's very likely that other goats have been exposed to mastitis as well. Once you've identified and isolated an affected goat, you may want to keep a regular checkup of your other goats' udders, milk, and body temperature to watch for signs that the infection has spread.


Обратите внимание на код, расположенный на этикетке. Проверьте безопасность выбранного средства на небольшом участке обивки. Удалите пятно, используя зубную щетку. Пропитайте загрязненный участок ткани водой или изопропиловым спиртом. Промокните участок обивки насухо.

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Couches are made of many different materials, and while some can be cleaned safely with water, others require special cleaning solutions. Have a look at the upholstery tag on your couch to look for the letter code W, S, SW, or X:  W, S, and SW mean you can clean the couch with water- or solvent-based cleaners. X means you can't clean the couch with water or solvents, so you'll have to take it to a professional to clean the blood. Before using any cleaner on your couch, you should always perform a spot test to ensure the cleaner won’t bleach the fabric, make the color bleed, or otherwise damage the material. Perform the spot test by applying cleaner to an inconspicuous area and letting it sit for 24 hours. Cleaners you may need to spot test for your couch are:  Rubbing alcohol Hydrogen peroxide Soap and water solution Upholstery cleaner Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to gently scrub the area and loosen any dried blood that may still be on the surface of the material. This will make the stain easier to clean. After brushing, wipe the area with a dry cloth to remove flakes of dried blood. Dampen a clean cloth with cold water or rubbing alcohol. Wring out the cloth to remove excess liquid. Dab the stain with the damp white cloth to saturate the area with liquid.  Use only cold water to blot the area, as hot water can set the stain. It’s important to use white cloths to clean the couch, otherwise dye from the cloths may transfer to the couch. Water is safe to use for couches marked with W and SW letter codes. Alcohol is safe to use on couches marked with S and SW codes. Use a fresh cloth to blot the area and remove excess blood and liquid from the couch. Be sure to blot rather than rub, as rubbing can push the stain deeper into the couch and make it harder to clean. Keep dabbing until the cloth comes away dry.


Обратите внимание на кожные реакции. Поймите, что определенные реакции на уколы очень распространены. Знайте случаи, в которых требуется немедленное обращение к ветеринару.

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Some soreness after an injection is normal, but it also sometimes be a sign of infection or allergic reaction. Monitor the skin after injection for any signs of a serious reaction.  Mild reactions are very common and come in the form of a lump or swelling around the site of the injection. This may last a few hours, but might also stay for up to a week. If you notice hives, rashes, or swelling that occurs anywhere outside the injection location, such as the head or shoulder blades, seek medical care. This is a sign of a severe reaction and requires medical care. Reactions to injections, especially vaccinations, are very common. For the most part, the benefits outweigh the risks involved. However, your dog may exhibit a number of mild symptoms that should go away within a week.  Fatigue and a low grade fever are common reactions to an injection. Your dog might be lethargic and have a low appetite during the days following an injection.  Your dog might also be sore in the area surrounding the injection. Be careful handling him after his shots, especially if you have any contact with his shoulder blades. Severe allergic reactions are rare, but can occasionally occur. If a severe allergic reaction does occur, it will usually be within 20 - 30 minutes of giving the injection and the most common sign is collapse. If your dog exhibits any of the following symptoms, seek immediate medical care:  Vomiting Diarrhea Lameness Collapse Seizure


Обратите внимание на кожу между 3,4 и 5 пальцами. Обратите внимание на сухую шелушащуюся кожу на стопе и по бокам ног. Будьте внимательны, если почувствуете боль, жжение или зуд. Обратите внимание на волдыри. Обратите внимание на изменение цвета и структуры ногтя на ноге.

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These are the most susceptible areas of your foot for fungal infection due to three main factors: they are often neglected when drying the feet; the spaces between toes don't evaporate sweat or moisture very well; they are most prone to abrasion from poorly fitting shoes. If you're itchy in that part of your foot and see some redness, then you might be dealing with a fungal infection.  The primary signs and symptoms of athlete's foot include: a scaly, itchy rash that sometimes leads to stinging or burning pain. In advanced cases, inflammation and peeling of the skin occur between the toes — a process called maceration. Athlete's foot is contagious and is easily spread via contaminated floors, towels, socks or flip-flops. As athlete's foot worsens it spreads over the sole of the foot, where it causes dry, flaky skin. It will feel rough to the touch and likely be itchy and somewhat irritated. Initially the area will be small, but it will spread and form an irregular margin.  There are three main varieties of tinea pedis: moccasin type (involves the sole of the feet), inter-digital type (involves the clefts between the toes) and the blistering type (involves the formation of blisters).  Athlete's foot is sometimes called "jungle rot" by members of the armed forces who serve in humid tropical climates. Foot pain, particularly aches and cramps, are common and usually the result of overuse or ill-fitting shoes, but burning pain accompanied by severe, non-stop itching should make you consider athlete's foot. Fungi cause burning and itching because they burrow into the tissue of the foot and use superficial layers as food. As a result, nerve endings become irritated, which provokes itching and leads to burning pain.  Itching is often most intense right after you take off your shoes and socks.  Athlete's foot is caused by the same type of fungi that leads to ringworm and jock itch. A foot blister can easily be caused by too much walking or running, especially if your shoes don't fit well, but blisters caused by...


Обратите внимание на колебания веса. Обратите внимание на длительные изменения психического состояния. Подробно записывайте случаи любых кожных сыпей, в том числе экземы. Понаблюдайте за состоянием женского здоровья.

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Gluten sensitivities are most notably associated with weight loss and malnutrition, but gluten intolerance can also result in unexplained weight gain over time. Some children may also develop problems with their teeth because of malnutrition related to their gluten intolerance. The onset of depression, poor memory, difficulty concentrating, irritability, behavioral changes or mood fluctuations can be caused by gluten intolerance. Include all details associated with your mental symptoms, including the severity of your symptoms and how often they occur. Some people with gluten intolerance may develop itchy, burning rashes that appear in clusters on the elbows, knees, or back. These rashes may eventually scab over. If you notice one of these rashes developing, take a photo of it and send it to your healthcare provider. They may be able to tell you if it is a characteristic gluten intolerance rash. Women with gluten sensitivity or intolerance may develop issues such as irregular menstrual cycles, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), severe menstrual cramping, miscarriage and infertility. Some doctors now routinely investigate the possibility of a gluten sensitivity in couples who are unsuccessfully trying to conceive and are suffering from unexplained infertility.


Обратите внимание на конверт в правом верхнем углу экрана. Отобразите панель навигации. Откройте вкладку «Входящие» в нижней части приложения для iOS. Отправьте сообщение через страницу пользователя.

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The official Reddit app is in active development with regular updates, and many users still use one of several unofficial apps. On some versions of the Android apps, you can reach the messaging inbox by touching the envelope icon in the top right. If you do not see an envelope icon on Android, swipe left to open the navigation drawer. Select the envelope icon on the list. The official Reddit app for iOS places the envelope icon at the bottom edge of the screen. Instead of browsing through inbox options, you can send a message from someone's Reddit name instead. The layout varies with each app, but this is the general process:  Select the username written in small letters just underneath or above a post. If you don't see one, tap the post or the "..." expansion button first. Tap the envelope icon or the "send a message" button. Type your message and hit "send" to deliver the message to the username you selected.


Обратите внимание на красную сыпь. Обратите внимание на участки кожи, которые трутся об одежду. Выясните, какое косметическое средство вызывает раздражение. Проверьте, нет ли у вас аллергии. Если на коже есть опрелости, не допускайте скопления влаги. Осмотрите кожу на наличие себорейных чешуек. Избавьтесь от стресса.

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Examine your raw skin and the affected area around it for a red, inflamed, or itchy rash. These marks scattered across your skin can indicate a bacterial or yeast infection. If you suspect a bacterial or yeast infection, see your doctor, who can diagnose the problem.  They may suggest better hygiene to clear up the area and prevent future outbreaks. For more severe cases, the doctor will prescribe a prescription medication to soothe and heal the area. If you are taking antibiotics, this may cause a yeast infection that leads to raw skin. Notice if the areas of your skin that are raw are on your thighs, groin, underarms or nipples. These may be the result of friction from wearing tight clothing, shoes, or skin rubbing on skin. Soothe these areas with a thin layer of protective salve. This can also prevent future raw skin from friction. Review any products that touch your skin including your skincare, detergents, or topical medications.  Gradually remove individual products from your routine until you figure out which one is causing the raw skin. Discontinue use of the product to see if your skin heals or calms down. See if your raw skin is on an area exposed to or touched by potential allergens such as plants, detergents, food, or animals. This can indicate an allergic reaction that may heal by discontinuing use or avoiding the allergen. Taking an oral over-the-counter antihistamine may relieve pain and inflammation and promote healing. An allergic rash can happen in conjunction with raw skin caused by irritants. Intertrigo is a rash that forms between folds of skin. Examine your raw skin for mirroring on either side, and notice if the skin also appears moist, thin, or like it has lost several layers, all of which can indicate intertrigo. Keep the area dry by exposing it to air or dabbing a towel on it to promote healing.  Intertrigo rashes can present on parts of the body exposed to heat or moisture.  You should stay cool and avoid sun exposure to prevent further irritation. Check your raw skin for scales or...


Обратите внимание на красные зудящие пятна. Обратите внимание на затхлый запах кожи. Узнайте, повышен ли у вас риск грибковой инфекции.

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Watch for an irritated rash that's red or grey, scaly, and itchy. Your rash may become slightly raised and may form little pustules if you scratch it. These rashes are especially common in skin folds, which tend to be dark and moist.  A Candida diaper rash within the fold of the buttocks is common among infants, especially those who sit in wet or dirty diapers for too long. Fungus also commonly invades your scalp, fingernails, and toenails, as well as the area between your toes and on the soles of your feet (commonly called athlete's foot). Unlike with other rashes, yeast infections cause a musty odor. This odor is most pronounced when Candida yeast infects the inside of the mouth (called oral thrush) or vagina, but it’s also fairly noticeable when the yeast grows on your skin or within skin folds. The sweet and musty characteristic of yeast growth can sometimes be masked by or confused with regular body odors because they tend to proliferate near the underarms, groin, and buttocks. Anyone can potentially get a yeast/fungal infection because they are so common. However, people who go longer than a day between showers or who have a weak immune system are more at risk. Similarly, people who have large folds in their skin are more likely to experience a yeast infection.  The main causes of weakened immunity are age (being very young or old), chronic stress, chronic malnourishment, immune system infections such as HIV/AIDS, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, over-medication (with antibiotics or corticosteroids, for examples) and chemotherapy for cancer.  People who use public baths and swimming facilities without foot protection are also at risk of fungal infections of the feet and toenails, which can then spread to other parts of their body.


Обратите внимание на кровотечение, которое началось за несколько дней до месячных. Обратите внимание на цвет выделений. Обратите внимание на обильность выделений. Ожидайте, что кровотечение прекратится в течение трех дней. Сделайте домашний тест на беременность через несколько дней после прекращения кровотечения.

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Implantation bleeding typically happens around 6-12 days after you conceive. Usually, this means that any bleeding will happen within 1 week of the expected date of your next period. Any bleeding that happens before or after that window of time is less likely to be implantation bleeding, but it’s not impossible. The time it takes for implantation to occur can vary. Menstrual bleeding may start out brown or light pink, but it typically progresses to a bright or dark red flow within a day or so. Implantation bleeding typically stays brown or pink, however.  Keep in mind that implantation bleeding doesn’t look the same for all women, though. In some cases, you may experience brighter blood that looks more like the early part of your menstrual flow.  If you do experience bright red bleeding and you know or suspect that you are pregnant, see a doctor as soon as possible. They can help you identify or rule out any serious causes for your bleeding. In most cases, implantation bleeding is very light—more like spotting than actual bleeding. Typically, you should not notice any clots or clumps of blood with implantation bleeding. You may notice a steady but light flow of blood, or you might just see occasional traces of blood in your underwear or on the toilet paper when you wipe. Another characteristic of implantation bleeding is that it lasts for a relatively short time—anywhere from a few hours to about 3 days. A period usually lasts a bit longer, running on average for 3-7 days (although this can vary a lot from one person to another). If the bleeding lasts longer than 3 days, even if it’s lighter than usual, it may be your period. You can experience vaginal bleeding for a lot of different reasons. The best way to be sure if you’ve been having implantation bleeding is to take a home pregnancy test. Most of these tests work best a few days after the expected first day of your next period, so wait at least 3 days after your bleeding stops to take one. You can buy home pregnancy tests at most pharmacies. If you can’t...


Обратите внимание на крой и стиль вашего головного убора. Разверните меньший край шапочки на лоб. Наденьте шляпу так, чтобы она крепко держалась на голове. Проверьте, чтобы кисточка головного убора была справа.

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There are two types of caps, depending on your academic level:  Bachelor’s and Master’s graduates will wear a style called a trencher or mortarboard. The trencher will be made of solid black felt, with a flat square top and a black silk tassel. The square top will sit on an oval cap that has a small point in the front and a large point in the back. Doctoral graduates will wear a bonnet style cap. The bonnet will be made of black velvet, with a tassel and a cord in the color of your discipline or institution. For Bachelor’s and Master’s graduates, adjust the trencher on your head so the small point is at the front of your head and the large point is at the back of your head. For Doctoral graduates, put the bonnet on your head so it sits snugly and evenly on your head. For Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctoral graduates, the tassel on the trencher or bonnet should always be on the right side. You will enter the ceremony with the tassel on the right side and change it to the left side once you receive your degree.


Обратите внимание на круглую, овальную форму клеща. Ищите жуков, длина которых составляет 1,3–5,1 см. Взгляните, нет ли у клеща твердого защитного панциря. Ищите узор в форме звезды на спине клеща. Осмотрите клеща на наличие черных лап.

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Before a tick is engorged with blood, its body is shaped like an oval with 2 major segments. After a tick is engorged, its head will remain small but its body will grow round and plump. How large a tick is when you find it depends on whether it has recently fed on blood. Before it has drunk any blood, a tick will be around the size of a pinhead. Immediately to several hours afterward, a tick will grow to around the size of a lima bean. In most cases, ticks have a hard exoskeleton. These are called hard or "authentic" ticks and are usually what people are talking about when describing ticks. Soft ticks with a flexible exoskeleton exist but are only found in select areas. Soft ticks are found in the western United States and southwestern Canada. Lone star ticks have a white, star-shaped design on their exoskeletons. If a bug does not have this design, it still may be a tick. This pattern is just a defining feature of this tick species. Black-legged ticks, as suggested by their name, have legs that are darker than their bodies. Like a lone star tick's black legs, this is a defining characteristic of black-legged ticks and may not be present on every tick.


Обратите внимание на кустарник или дерево с небольшим количеством листвы. Обратите внимание на мелкие растения с листьями, направленными вниз. Поищите двойные ряды листьев на каждом стебле. Научитесь узнавать форму листьев ядовитого сумаха. Запомните другие признаки листа. Научитесь узнавать цветки. Научитесь узнавать ягоды. Зимой ищите белые ягоды или пустые стебли от ягод. Держитесь в стороне от серой коры в тех местах, где предположительно растет ядовитый сумах.

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Poison sumac typically grows into a shrub or tree about 5–20 ft (1.5–6 m) in height, but may occasionally grow even taller. The branches may or may not be covered with leaves along their length, but either way the growth pattern of poison sumac tends to produce a fairly open result, rather than a thick bush of foliage. Before poison sumac grows into a full sized shrub or tree, it may be relatively upright, with small branches with red stems growing along the entire height of the trunk. In this case, its leaves and branches usually have a noticeable upward tilt, especially near the top of the tree. Poison sumac has a pinnate leaf structure, meaning that each stem has two parallel rows of leaves growing along its length. Each stem usually has between six and twelve leaves, plus an additional single leaf at the end. Young stems are typically red or red-brown, but this color may fade to brown or grey as the plant ages. Technically, the leaves of a pinnate leaf are called leaflets, but these look like an ordinary leaf, roughly 2–4 inches (5–10 cm) long. The leaves of this plant have an oval or oblong shape, tapering to a wedge or point on each end. The sides of the leaf may appear wavy or smooth, but will not have the jagged "tooth" appearance of some non-poisonous sumac trees. Poison sumac is deciduous, so the leaves change color throughout the year. Newly grown spring leaves may be bright orange, becoming light green during spring and summer, changing to red during autumn, then falling off the plant entirely. The underside of poison sumac leaves, at any time of year, may be either smooth or hairy, making it a poor way to identify the plant.  Warning: The fallen leaves may still be poisonous to the touch. Never burn leaves or wood collected near a poison sumac tree, as inhaling poison sumac smoke can be dangerous or even fatal. During the spring and summer, poison sumac may have pale yellow or green flowers. These small flowers grow in clusters along their own, green stems, separate from the red leafy stems....


Обратите внимание на лазерную терапию. Держитесь подальше от липосакции. Проконсультируйтесь с врачом.

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Laser therapy liquifies the fat, driving it into your lymph system, from where it can be eliminated.  Note that results can vary, but are generally minimal and only temporary. Laser treatments can help reduce the amount of fat below the skin and cause the skin the look firmer afterward, but treatments will need to be repeated every few months to maintain the appearance. Liposuction is occasionally attempted for the elimination of cellulite, but this expensive surgical procedure can actually make the problem worse instead of better. Liposuction tends to remove deep layers of fat. Fat linked to cellulite tends to lie directly below the skin, however. When these deep layers of fat are removed, your skin and the fat below it no longer have any "padding" to dampen the effect and appearance of cellulite. As such, the wrinkling can get worse. If you are still concerned about the cellulite on the back of your thighs, schedule an appointment with your doctor to talk about other healthy ways to get rid of it. Your doctor may discuss plastic surgery with you, but he or she will likely focus on natural lifestyle changes or drugs that can assist you in your fight against cellulite. Talking to a doctor is a good choice to make if you are lost and needing further guidance on how to establish a diet, exercise, and lifestyle routine capable of reducing the harsh appearance of cellulite on the back of your thighs.


Обратите внимание на легкие спазмы матки. Обратите внимание на увеличение и болезненность груди. Подумайте, не стали ли вы больше уставать. Обратите внимание на тошноту, рвоту и изменения в аппетите. Обратите внимание на перепады в настроении. Обратите внимание на головные боли или головокружение.

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Implantation bleeding is often accompanied by mild cramping, which is usually lighter than what you might expect with your period. This cramping might feel like a dull ache in your lower abdomen, or you may feel prickling, pulling, or tingling sensations. If you experience sharp pains or intense cramps and you’re not having your period, see your doctor to rule out any serious underlying causes. Breast changes are a very common sign of early pregnancy. Around the same time that you experience implantation bleeding, you might notice that your breasts feel sore, heavy, swollen, or tender to the touch. They might also look larger than usual. In addition to overall tenderness in your breasts, you may notice that your nipples are unusually sensitive to the touch. Another common symptom of early pregnancy is fatigue. You may feel extremely sleepy even after a good night’s rest, or find that you tire more quickly and easily than usual. Early pregnancy fatigue can be very severe, sometimes making it difficult for you to work or carry out other normal day-to-day activities. Although it’s called “morning sickness,” nausea and food aversions are not restricted to any one time of the day or night. While these symptoms usually set in about a month into pregnancy, you might notice them earlier.  Not everyone experiences these symptoms, so don’t rule out pregnancy just because you haven’t felt sick to your stomach. You might find that certain foods or smells trigger nausea symptoms, or that your appetite is reduced. The rapid hormone changes that you experience in early pregnancy can affect how you feel emotionally. If you’re noticing physical pregnancy symptoms, also keep an eye out for emotional and mental ones, such as:  Mood swings Unexplained sadness or crying Irritability and anxiety Difficulty concentrating The rapid changes in your body early in pregnancy can leave you feeling generally under the weather, causing symptoms like headaches, dizziness, or faintness. You may even experience a slightly elevated body...


Обратите внимание на любые проявления агрессии и негативных эмоций в ваш адрес. Обратите внимание на то, как часто вы общаетесь. Спросите себя, каким образом вы узнаете о новостях и изменениях в жизни друга? Стоит насторожиться, если ваш друг начинает игнорировать вас, чтобы провести время с другими людьми. Подумайте о том, каково это  — быть рядом со своим другом?

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If your friend is regularly insulting or belittling you, or starting arguments over all kinds of things, they are not being a good friend. If your friend is doing this, confront them, and ask them to stop. If your friend doesn't, that is not a good sign.  Types of insults can include teasing, sarcasm, and cynicism, comments that may sound like jokes, but are meant to hurt you. Some insults are more subtle, like backhanded compliments (complimenting you for negative things) or guilt-tripping (where your friend blames you for their distresses and problems). In many cases, your friend may try to pass these insults off as humor, and ridicule you for taking them personally. It is possible that your friend doesn't know they are insulting you. If you are concerned, confront them. If your friend didn't know, they may apologize right away. If your friend doesn't like you, they probably aren't making much of an effort to stay in touch. This means not just talking, but emails, texting, or any other form of communication. If you and your friend aren't talking very much, it is hard to say that you are still really friends.  This reduced communication can refer to frequency or length. You may not talk as often as you used to. Or, if you do talk, your conversations are now very short, and you find that you don't have much to talk about. You can also see this if you are the one making an effort at communication. Friendship takes effort. If you are the only one trying to stay in touch, then your friend is probably not interested. Along with not talking much, chances are your friend won't have been keeping you up to date with changes in their life. Friendship takes effort, and you shouldn't learn new things about your friend only through other people or social media. If you try to make plans, and your friend says they are too busy but is later out with other friends during that time, that would be a sign of rejection.  People change, have new interests, and new friends. If your friend appears to be doing other things with new...


Обратите внимание на маленькие пузырьки в процессе нагрева. Пузырьки среднего размера. Крупные поднимающиеся пузырьки. Пузырьки в виде нитей жемчуга.

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If you’d like to have a reasonably precise idea of water’s temperature as it heats, watch the small bubbles that form on the bottom of the pan or pot. Very small bubbles indicate that the water is roughly 160 °F (71 °C). Bubbles at this low temperature are said to look like “shrimp eyes”—about the size of the head of a pin. As the water continues to heat, the bubbles on the bottom will grow until they’re slightly larger than the “shrimp eye” size. This is a good indication that your heating water is nearing 175 °F (79 °C).  Slight wisps of steam will also start to rise from the heating water as it reaches 175 °F (79 °C). Bubbles of this size are known as “crab eyes.” The bubbles on the pot’s bottom will continue to grow in size, and eventually start rising to the top of the water. At this point, your water will be about 185 °F (85 °C). You can also tell when the water reaches 185 °F (85 °C) because you’ll be able to hear a slight rattling sound from the bottom of the pot. The first bubbles that begin to rise to the surface are about the size of “fish eyes.” This is the final stage of heating water before it begins to fully boil. Larger bubbles from the bottom of the pot will begin to quickly rise to the surface, forming several continuous chains of rising bubbles. Water at this stage will be between 195 to 205 °F (91 to 96 °C). Soon after the “string of pearls” phase, the water will reach 212 °F (100 °C) and come to a rolling boil.


Обратите внимание на материал изготовления, размер оправы, ее вес и иные особенности. Узнайте свои мерки. Измерьте межцентровое расстояние глаз (PD). Обратите внимание на условия, предлагаемые магазином. Примерьте полученную оправу и решите, следует ли ее оставить или вернуть.

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Without an optometrist or impartial observer around, you need to pay close attention to the frames’ specifications. In addition to looking at its special features, material, and size, look at the weight. Without the ability to try on glasses you find online, you will have to compare their specifications with glasses lying around the house. Weigh your old glasses using a mini scale and use it to gauge the relative weight of frames you find online. It is important to get frames that will fit the anatomical features of your face. Even a pair of glasses that is the right total width and height may still not fit your face. Make sure all the measurements are right for your face by taking a pair of glasses you have on-hand and using its measurements to determine the relative size of a pair online. These measurements are generally in millimeters.  Eye. This is the width of each lens, from its outermost points. Bridge. This is how far apart each lens is. Temple. This is the length of the piece that tucks behind your ear. B measurement. This is the height of each lens, measured from its highest and lowest points. This is the distance between your pupils. Since it is difficult to measure on your own, the way to get the most accurate PD is to have your optometrist measure it for you. However, there are ways you can ‘do it yourself’ at home. This might save yourself time and get a general idea of what range of PD sizes you fall into. This number is generally measured in millimeters. The easiest way to measure PD at home is with a picture. Hold an item you know the dimensions of (like a pen) directly under your chin. Take a picture in the mirror and get out a ruler. For example, if the pen was 5” (or 127 mm) long, and appears 1” (25.4 mm) long in the photo, you know the ratio of photo measurements to actual measurements is 1:5. So, if your pupil distance was a half inch in the photo, we multiply that by 5. This number gives us the pupillary distance – 2.5”, or 60mm. You want to be able to try the glasses on and return or...


Обратите внимание на мелкие черные пятна. Узнайте о возможных причинах акне. Присмотритесь к инфицированным угрям. Обратите внимание на жесткую кожу на подбородке.

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Typically, these acne lesions are found on a cat's chin. The spots (blackheads or pimples) are small, firm and black. If you stroke him just under the chin, you'll notice that the skin feels gritty. While acne is usually found on the chin, your cat may also have acne lesions above his lip. While the exact cause of feline acne is unknown, there are several things that may trigger acne outbreaks. These include decreased grooming, food accumulating on the chin, and a weakened immune system as a result of age. The acne is usually mild and harmless, but can become sore if bacteria causes infection in the spots. The acne spots are made up of a waxy (sebaceous) material that's trapped in the hair follicles. This causes the follicle to swell and bulge, appearing on the skin's surface. If there's infection, the area may look more swollen, which can make the chin more prominent than usual. It might seem like your cat is jutting his chin out. You'll also see blood-stained discharge, which can either be watery or smelly and pus-like, coming from each spot. Infection is caused by the spots bursting or the waxy material in the spot becoming contaminated with bacteria. This requires prompt treatment since it can make your cat's chin sore. Your cat may rub it more, irritating the skin. This irritation will cause further trauma and make the infection worse. If your cat has had repeated acne breakouts, the hair follicles can become severely damaged. This will create scar tissue and fur won't grow on the chin anymore. This gives the chin a leather appearance. If you notice leathery or tough skin anywhere on your cat, have it checked by the veterinarian. Other conditions may cause leather skin and require treatments, such as food allergies or tumors.


Обратите внимание на место, в котором вы обнаружили муравья. Возможно, вы столкнулись с кочевыми муравьями. Обратитесь к специалисту.

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If you're unsure how to identify the queen by appearance alone, consider where you found the ant. Queens tend to be found at the center of an ant's nest. Queens tend to prefer moist areas, commonly found in rotting wood. If you found an ant hiding in a damp area of your home or outside, especially in damp wood, this is more likely to be a queen. The vast majority of ant types have larger queens, with bigger thoraxes, who are easily differentiated from worker ants. However, army ants are an exception. Army ants have queens with smaller thoraxes, who look very similar to the ants in this type of ant colony. It may be difficult,to identify the queen when working with these kinds of ants. Army ants are more oval-shaped in appearance than regular ants. They have antennas on their heads, as well as mouth pieces shaped like scissors. If you cannot find the queen, consult a professional exterminator. Ants can be a real problem in your home. If you're unable to discover the queen on your own, or identify the types of ants, look in your yellow pages for an exterminator.


Обратите внимание на место, где содержатся животные. Поговорите с заводчиком о здоровье родителей. Узнайте, какие проблемы могут возникнуть с собакой из приюта. Старайтесь выбрать бодрое, активное животное, которое идет на контакт. Прежде чем принять окончательное решение, навестите собаку несколько раз. Отвезите собаку к ветеринару в первые два дня.

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When visiting your potential pet, take stock of the area where he is being housed. Whether you're going through a rescue or breeder, you want to make sure conditions are clean. A dog or puppy kept in unsanitary conditions may be at risk for health problems.  The area should be relatively clean. If you're looking at a litter of young puppies, it's understandable if there are a few stray droppings. Puppies are not born house trained and the accidents may have just occurred. However, if the floor is covered in droppings, dirt, and other debris, this is not a clean environment.  The poodle or poodles should be clean as well. Their fur should not be covered in food or droppings. Their coats should be clean and un-matted. They should also look relatively healthy. Poodles, puppies especially, should not have a bony appearance. However, there is one exception — if you're going through a rescue and a dog has just come in, he may still show some signs of neglect such as an emaciated appearance. If animals are being kept in poor conditions, this is a bad sign. If not cared for properly, dogs can develop health conditions, like fleas or ringworm, as well as behavioral problems. You also do not want to give your money to an establishment that is abusing their animals. If you decide to go through a breeder, ask to see any certificates they have about screening tests they put the parents through. Not all breeders do this, in which case you are in the dark about the potential of the parents to pass down genetic disease. If you have an option, patronize a breeder who goes to the trouble of running these tests and can prove their breeding stock is health. Poodles are a generally healthy breed, but you want to know your puppy's family history to spot any health problems that may occur down the road.  Hip dysplasia, joint problems, and eye problems like cataracts are common in toy poodles. Chronic conditions, like autoimmune disorders and seizure disorders, may also occur in poodles. If these problems run in a puppy's family, it...


Обратите внимание на набор данных. Соберите данные. Сложите все числа выборки. Разделите найденную сумму на количество чисел выборки (n).

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You will need certain key pieces of information to calculate the mean or mathematical average from your sample.   Know how many numbers are in your sample. In the case of the sample of palm trees, there are 5 in this sample.     Know what the numbers represent. In our example, these numbers represent measurements of trees.     Look at the variation in the numbers. Does the data vary across a large range, or a small range?    You will need all the numbers in your sample to start your calculations.   The mean is the average of all the numbers in your sample. To calculate this you will add all the numbers in your sample together, then divide by the sample size. In mathematical notation, n represents the sample size. In the case of our sample of tree heights, n = 5 since there are 5 numbers in this sample. This is the first part of calculating the mathematical average or mean.  For example, using the sample of 5 palm trees, our sample consists of 7, 8, 8, 7.5, and 9. 7 + 8 + 8 + 7.5 + 9 = 39.5. This is the sum of all the numbers in your sample. Check your answer to make sure you did your addition correctly. This will provide the average or mean of the data.   For example, use our sample of tree heights: 7, 8, 8, 7.5, and 9. There are 5 number in our sample so n = 5. The sum of tree heights in our sample was 39.5. You would then divide this figure by 5 to figure out the mean. 39.5/5 = 7.9. The mean tree height is 7.9 feet. The population mean is often represented by the symbol μ, therefore μ = 7.9


Обратите внимание на наличие конденсата. Следы образования льда. Замерзшая вода.

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If your water is in a glass or metal container (such as a thermos or a saucepan) and you notice condensation beginning to form, you’ll know that the water is colder than the surrounding air.  Roughly speaking, condensation will form more rapidly when the water is much colder than the air temperature. If you notice that condensation forms on the outside of a glass in 2 or 3 minutes, the water you’re dealing with is very cold. If the water in question is very cold and beginning to freeze, you’ll notice that a small layer of ice has begun to form around the edges. Water that is beginning to freeze will be very near 32 °F (0 °C), although it may still be a couple of degrees warmer, in the range of 33 to 35 °F (1 to 2 °C). If you’re looking at a bowl of water in your freezer, for example, you’ll notice small pieces of ice starting to form where the water meets the side of the bowl. This is an easy step that you can complete with a single glance. If the water is frozen (solid ice), its temperature is at or below 32 °F (0 °C).