Оцените ситуацию. Подготовьте свое место настолько, насколько это возможно. Обопритесь о переднее сиденье. Постарайтесь сохранять спокойствие. Если вы падаете в воду, наденьте спасательный жилет, но не надувайте его. Перед тем как помочь другим, наденьте кислородную маску.

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Try to determine what surface the plane will land on so you can customize your preparations. If you’re going to be landing in water, for example, you’ll want to put your life vest on, though you need to wait to inflate it until you’re out of the plane. If you’re going to be landing in cold weather, you should try to get a blanket or jacket to keep you warm once outside.  Plot out the general course you'll be on ahead of time, so you'll have some idea of where you are when the plane crashes. If you're flying from Iowa to California, you can be fairly certain you won't be landing in the ocean. Use the time before the crash to find your exit. If the plane is going to crash, you almost always have several minutes to prepare before impact. Use this time to once again review where the exits are. If you know you’re going to crash, return your seat back to its full upright position and stow away any loose items that could become hazardous, if at all possible. Zip up your jacket and make sure your shoes are tied tightly to your feet. Then assume one of two standard brace positions used for surviving a plane crash and try to remain calm. In either position, your feet should be flat on the floor and further back than your knees to reduce injuries to your feet and legs, which you will need in order to successfully exit the craft after impact. Place your legs as far under the seat as possible to avoid breaking your shin bones. If the seat in front of you is close enough to reach, place one hand palm-down on the back of that seat, then cross the other hand palm-down over the first hand. Rest your forehead against your hands. Keep your fingers unlaced.   It's also sometimes recommended that you put your head directly against the seat in front of you and lace your fingers behind your head, tucking your upper arms against the sides of your head to cradle it. Bend forward, if there's no seat in front of you. If you don’t have a seat close in front of you, bend forward and put your chest on your thighs and your head between...


Оцените ситуацию. Попробуйте успокоить ее. Будьте хорошим слушателем. Не пытайтесь облегчить ее боль или уговорить ее не плакать. Разделите ее печаль. Используйте невербальные методы, чтобы успокоить плачущую женщину. Подумайте, будет ли уместен физический контакт. Чтобы избежать такой ситуации, не настаивайте. Вместо того, чтобы пытаться решить ее проблему, предложите ей помощь. Попробуйте активно поучаствовать в ее проблеме, если это уместно. Наблюдайте за девушкой. Заботьтесь о себе.

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There can be an infinite number of reasons why a woman might be crying. Perhaps she is grieving, stressed out, ill, or overwhelmed by joy.  Before proceeding further, try to get a handle on what the situation might be and whether it is appropriate for you to try to comfort her. Some reasons why you might not be the right person to comfort her would be:  If you are affected by the same situation that is upsetting her. If you are shaken up, disturbed, or hurt by the situation that made her cry, you might not be in a good position to help her. If this is the case, you might want to seek out a support network who can help both you and her cope with whatever is going on.   If she is crying from joy. Scientists aren't exactly sure why, but someone who is overcome with happiness might cry uncontrollably, just like someone who is scared or sad.  In cases like these, congratulating your friend or lover might be more appropriate than trying to comfort her! If she is crying because you two had a fight. Before stepping in to comfort her, you might want to calm down by yourselves for a while to make sure that the argument doesn't start back up again. Unless there is a very good reason for you not to comfort her, you should make an effort to help the crying woman. Ignoring someone who is crying can be quite harmful to her emotional well-being.  Choosing to comfort someone will allow her to recover more quickly from her tears and will also make your relationship stronger. This cannot be stressed enough. Tears are an important form of communication, and you should pay attention to what she is trying to say.  Use active listening techniques, such as verbally affirming what the crying person is saying and avoiding interrupting them. In order to be the best listener you can be, allow her to feel whatever she is feeling; just be there for her.  Keep in mind that comforting is not about changing the other person's feelings. Be especially careful not to turn the conversation back to yourself: this is about her. Don’t make it about...


Оцените ситуацию. Приведенные факты должны быть продуктивными. Предоставьте обоснованную причину. Ожидайте появления контраргументов.

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Whoever you’re engaged in discussion with, getting your point across will involve different tactics and techniques, depending on the situation. Evaluate who your audience is and what their expectations of you are before deciding what tactic will work the best.  If you’re trying to prove a point to an authority figure, like a parent, your boss, or some other figure who has power over you, you’ll want to be sure to highlight how your point will make the situation better for everyone. How will the family, company, or group benefit from your proposed point? If you’re trying to prove a point to a child or a subordinate employee, it’s important to explain the details and reasoning of your point without being condescending. Even if you’re “teaching a lesson,” don’t talk down to the other person and your point will get across much better. No "because I said so" reasons. If you’re trying to prove a point to a partner, spouse, or even a very close friend, someone on equal footing, it’s important to maintain an even keel and speak clearly. Don't mince words. If you’re talking to someone who knows you intimately, avoid the more public rhetoric you might use to talk to your boss. It’s important to focus your points on solving a problem, not “winning an argument.” If your goal is to get a point across, make sure that it’s something that needs to be heard for the benefit of the person hearing it, or the benefit of the group, not just because you want to make it. It’s a lot easier to make points that are necessary and productive. Your point should help the other person, not bring them down.  To figure out whether or not your points are productive points, imagine that someone else were going to give you the same piece of feedback or advice, or bring up the same idea. How would it feel? Would it give you something concrete to do or change? It would be one thing for a boss to say, "Our overhead's too high, so you're all going to have your hours cut. Sorry." Point made, but unproductive. Instead, try out something like this:...


Оцените ситуацию. Сфотографируйте рану. Накройте рану стерильной повязкой и постарайтесь остановить кровотечение. Наложите временную шину из достаточно плотного материала. Оцените, испытывает ли пострадавший шок, и предпримите соответствующие меры.

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Emergency services may not be immediately available if a person is injured on a hiking accident. Emergency personnel may arrive more quickly in a populated area, but it is just as important to apply first aid. If you have access to a first aid kit or gloves, make sure you put them on to protect yourself from any blood-borne diseases. Use your phone or digital camera to take a photo of the area before moving forward with first aid. Providing an image of the wound for emergency personnel means you may reduce the exposure of the wound to air, as they will have to open the dressings to see the wound. If you have sterile dressings available use them to cover the wound and apply pressure to stop the bleeding around the bone. However, if sterile dressings are not available, you may have access to feminine protection pads or urinary incontinence pads. These are cleaner than material found in the vicinity of the accident and will reduce the risk of infection. If these are not available, use white material first, such as a shirt or bedsheets. If all else fails, just use the cleanest material possible. Support the area to reduce pain and discomfort for the individual using soft towels, pillows, clothing or blankets. This will help to reduce the potential for shock. If there is nothing available, do not move the person or injured area and wait for emergency personnel to splint the area. The force of the injury and extent of the trauma may cause the individual to go into shock. This can be life-threatening. Signs of shock include: feeling faint, breathing in short rapids breaths, cold and clammy skin, blue lips, rapid but weak pulse, and anxiety.  Try to place the individual’s head lower than his trunk. The legs may also be elevated only if they are not injured.  Make the person as comfortable as possible. Wrap her in a blanket jacket, or anything available to keep her warm. Check the person's vital signs. Make sure her pulse and breathing continue to be normal.


Оцените ситуацию. Учитывайте внешние факторы. Задавайте вопросы. Слушайте внимательно. Не принимайте ворчливость на свой счет.

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When dealing with an irritable elderly person, your first step is to try to figure out what the problem is. Is it evident what is bothering them? For example, do they seem to be struggling to get groceries inside the house during nasty weather? If so, that's probably why they're cranky. If you can't tell at a glance what the problem is, try to dig a little deeper. If your neighbor or relative seems cranky for no discernible reason, try to use communication to figure out what might be the problem. Keep in mind that elderly people are often dealing with an extra set of attributes that can affect their mood. For instance, as people age, their bodies are changing. It is entirely possible that the elderly person in question is dealing with physical pain that you don't know about. That could certainly affect their mood. Many older citizens are on several different types of medication. Often, different prescriptions can have negative affects on a person's mood. Be aware that your elderly friend might be crabby because of medication, not because of an immediate issue. When trying to figure out why a person is irritable, the most straight-forward and effective way is to ask questions. You don't have to pry, but you can try asking a series of open-ended questions. By opening up a conversation, you might be able to ascertain the cause of irritability.  For example, instead of just saying "How are you?", use a more open-ended version such as, "How's your day going? What's on your agenda for the day?". Using open-ended questions will not only provide you with more information, but will allow your relative to vent some frustrations. Make sure to speak clearly. Some older people suffer from hearing loss. They might not necessarily be cranky--maybe they just didn't hear you when you said hello. When you initiate a conversation with an elderly person, make sure that you are being an active listener. Focus all of your attention of the conversation. Make the older person feel like you really value what they are saying. There...


Оцените словарный запас ребенка. Обратите внимание на вопросы ребенка. Проанализируйте то, как ребенок участвует во взрослых разговорах. Оцените скорость речи. Посмотрите, как ребенок следует указаниям.

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As gifted children have higher than average memories, a strong vocabulary is a sign your child is gifted. At a young age, as early as 3 or 4, your child may use words like "understandably" and "actually" in every day speech. A gifted child may also be able to learn new words quickly. They may learn a new word for a test in school, and quickly begin using it appropriately in conversation. Many children ask questions, but a gifted child's line of questioning will stand out. Gifted children ask questions to better understand the world and the people around them, as they have a genuine desire to learn.  Gifted children will constantly ask questions about their environment. They ask about what they hear, see, touch, smell, and taste. You may be driving in a car, and a song will come on the radio. A gifted child may ask a lot about the song, about what it means, who sang it, when it came out, and so on. Gifted children also ask questions to gain insight and understanding. A gifted child may ask about other people's emotions, questioning why someone is sad, angry, or happy. Gifted children are marked by an early ability to converse. While many children tend to go on about themselves when talking to adults, a gifted child will participate in the conversation. They will ask questions, discuss the topic at hand, and easily pick up on nuances and double-meanings. Gifted children will also switch tone between conversations. You may notice your child uses a slightly different vocabulary and speaking style when talking to someone their own age than when talking to an adult. Gifted children do have a tendency to speak quickly. They tend to talk about subjects of interest at a faster pace, and may suddenly switch topics. This is often seen an inattentiveness. However, it's actually a sign your child has many different interests and curiosities. At an early age, a gifted child will be able to follow multi-step directions without trouble. They may not have to ask for a reminder or for clarification. For example, a gifted child...


Оцените сложившуюся обстановку. Воспользуйтесь помощью ветеринара или приюта для животных. Кормите кошку-мать, если она заботится о котятах. Кормление котят Взвешивайте котят один раз в неделю.

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The care that you give some newborn kittens will depend on a few things: the kittens’ ages, whether or not the mother cat is still caring for the kittens, and how healthy the kittens are. If you find a litter of kittens that have been separated from their mother, then you will need to provide the things a mother cat would, such as food, warmth, and help with toileting. Take some time to consider the situation before you start caring for the kittens.  If you find some kittens that you think have been abandoned or separated from their mother, observe them from a distance of about 35 feet to see if the mother cat returns. If the kittens are in immediate danger, then you will need to intervene without waiting for the mother cat to return. For example, you should intervene immediately if the kittens are in danger of freezing from the cold, left in a place that they might get run over or stepped on, or in an area where dogs might harm them. Do not feel like you need to provide care for these kittens all by yourself. Caring for newborn kittens is a difficult job and you may not have everything you need to ensure their survival. Contact your local veterinarian or animal shelter for assistance. They may be able to provide a surrogate mother to help the kittens get proper nutrition or they may be able to help you with bottle feeding. If the mother cat is still present and caring for her kittens, then the kittens will be better off if you let their mother take care of them. But you can still help by providing food and shelter for the mother cat. Just make sure that you keep the food and shelter in separate areas or she may not accept either. . If the mother cat is not around or is unable to care for her kittens, you will need to prepare their food for them and feed them yourself. The type of food that you prepare for the kittens will depend on how old they are. Make sure that you ask your veterinarian about any special feeding needs your kittens may have.  When the kittens are 1-2 weeks old, bottle feed the kittens...


Оцените собственную способность умертвить рыбу. Измельчите маленькую рыбку в кухонном измельчителе для мойки. Оглушите рыбу ударом (не обязательно, но рекомендуется). Обезглавьте рыбу. Немедленно проткните головной мозг.

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These methods are only humane if you can perform them accurately and quickly. Skip to a different section if you think the sight of gore or a struggling fish will affect you. These methods are usually used to kill food fish or laboratory research subjects, not family pets. Unless you're experienced with fish anatomy, practice on dead fish first so you can perform these quickly and without mistakes. Fish less than 2 cm (¾ inch) long can be killed instantly in a fish macerator, which chops it apart with rapidly moving blades. Make sure to use a macerator intended for exactly your size of fish. The larger the fish is, the less humane this death is. Even if you have a macerator intended for larger fish, it may cause suffering. Stun the fish by clubbing it just above the eyes, with an appropriately sized, hard object. Repeat with more force if the fish is still conscious. There is evidence that at least some fish species can remain conscious after decapitation, so this step is highly recommended. Fish species adapted for low oxygen conditions are more likely to remain conscious after decapitation. Hold down the head and sever it with a powerful motion from a sharp knife, just behind the skull. Alternatively, you can insert the knife behind the skull and sever the spinal cord and vertebrae. This "cervical transection" is less messy, but not recommended unless you have experience with fish anatomy. Even after decapitation, the fish may still be alive for a short time. Ensure a rapid death by immediately inserting a sharp spike or knife into the brain, between the eyes. Push forward and backward to destroy the brain and the end of the spinal cord. You can use online resources to locate the most effective point to insert the spike, for various edible species.


Оцените собственные предубеждения. Попросите друзей и родных поделиться своим опытом. Выходите из зоны комфорта, чтобы приобрести новый опыт.

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When considering a particular topic, if you have had any sort of experience with it—good or bad—there’s no doubt that those experiences help shape your current beliefs on the matter. However, it’s important to recognize that not all experiences accurately reflect the entire picture or the whole truth.  Part of forming an opinion comes from separating your feelings and emotions from the facts. For instance, if you were bit by a German Shepherd as a small child, you could hold the opinion that all German Shepherds are dangerous; or your opinion may be as extreme as believing that all dogs are dangerous. When seeking and forming your own opinion, like whether or not German Shepherds (or dogs in general) are good animals, you need to be able to set aside your personal experiences and look at the bigger picture. Having a conversation with those who are close to you may help you gain some perspective. People tend to trust those they are closest to, so you may be more likely to consider a differing perspective from your best friend rather than someone you don’t know.  For instance, if you are trying to form an opinion on healthcare laws, ask your friends and family what their experience with the healthcare system has been. Based on their experiences, you may be able to see areas where the law works and you support it; or areas where it doesn’t work and has room for improvement. Often times, though, your friend’s perspectives may align with your already-established beliefs, as we tend to surround ourselves with like-minded people. So try not to rely too heavily on the opinions of your like-minded friends and family. Doing so can limit your exposure to other valuable ideas and perspectives. If anything, these discussions may give you another way of looking at a situation and/or more reasons to support your opinion. This is particularly useful for topics that you have very little or no experience in. For instance, if you have a preconceived notion that people in a particular culture, or even town, behave a certain way,...


Оцените содержание речи. Оцените структуру выступления. Оцените стиль речи. Оцените тон речи.

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The most important part of the speech isn't the speaking style or the charisma of the speaker, it's the content of what is said. Giving a speech is hard because it has all the challenges of writing an essay, with the added difficulty of having to make it easy to listen to out loud. The most important thing to focus on in your evaluation is the content of the speech. If it's a persuasive speech, or an argument speech, the content will likely include a lot of research, real-world examples, and main points. In an informal speech, the content will likely involve anecdotes, stories, and jokes. When you're evaluating, keep in mind the following questions and answer them as a way of giving feedback:  What was the main argument of the speech? Was the content clear and well-articulated? Was the argument supported with research? Good examples? Was the content made clear to the audience? Did the speaker prove their point? In order to make the content of a speech clear and easy to digest, it needs to be organized well. Formal or informal, public speaking needs to be easy to listen to. If the speech jumps around or moves from point to point like a tennis match, it might need to be reorganized. To help you evaluate the organization of the speech, keep in mind the following questions to generate feedback for the speaker:  Was the supporting argument logically structured? Was the speech easy to follow? Difficult? Why? Do the speaker’s points flow logically from one to the next? What could be included to clear up the speech for you? If the content of the speech refers to what is spoken, the style refers to how it is spoken. A good speech should match the style to the content: it's unlikely a serious paper about dolphin populations would involve "getting to know the audience" games or audience participation. Whether or not a speaker chooses to use jokes, how much the speaker engages with the audience, and other personal elements to the speech will all play into the style. How a speech is written will affect the style, but also...


Оцените состояние здоровья своего хомячка. Проверьте, не влажный ли у хомяка хвостик. Следите за проявлением признаков наличия паразитов у животного. Регулярно проверяйте глаза и носик джунгарского хомячка. Осмотрите хомячка и проверьте, нет ли у него никаких нарывов.

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In general, dwarf hamsters have thickset bodies, large cheek pouches, and short tails. Make sure it does not have any nasal or eye discharge, nor any other signs of illness. Russian dwarf hamsters are particularly prone to diabetes. A hamster suffering from this condition will drink a lot of water and urinate more frequently than other dwarf hamsters. Be sure to consult your veterinarian if you suspect that your hamster has diabetes. A recently weaned or an extremely stressed out dwarf hamster may come down with a disease called “wet tail.” Your hamster experiences diarrhea — the excessive moisture from this causes its tail to become literally wet. Consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment. Tyzzer's disease causes diarrhea in young or stressed hamsters. This is a disease that needs veterinarian treatment. Certain antibiotics can cause and exacerbate this condition, so don't treat your hamster on your own. Like dogs and cats, dwarf hamsters can suffer from parasites like tapeworms. Tapeworms are the most predominant, so be on the look out. When you clean out your hamster's cage, be on the lookout for signs of diarrhea and little white rice-like worm segments. If you suspect that your dwarf hamster has a tapeworm, see a veterinarian. Bring a stool sample with you. With the help of a microscope, your vet will be able to properly diagnose your hamster. Your vet will prescribe a dewormer for you to use. It will come in either a topical or an oral form. Follow the instructions on the product in order to administer. Dwarf hamsters are susceptible to cold viruses just like humans. Occasionally, this can escalate to pneumonia. A dwarf hamster with pneumonia will have eye and nasal discharge. It will also stop eating. This is serious. Call your veterinarian immediately. Dwarf hamsters are prone to abscess formation as well, often caused by their teeth. This is most common around their head and cheek pouch areas. Abscesses are essentially infected pockets of puss that will appear underneath your...


Оцените состояние зеркала. Соберите материалы для очищения зеркала.

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Depending on the location and use of your mirror, it may have accumulated special kinds of grime that need specific cleaning agents to remove. Limescale or calcium deposits are likely culprits, and should be pre-treated before you tackle lesser stains. You can:  Identify calcium deposits by white, slightly rough textured spots. These can be removed by white vinegar on a damp cloth.  Spot limescale, which is difficult to remove, by its milky white deposit on the surface of your mirror. Remove these stains with lemon juice, pickling vinegar, or lime juice. If you intend on using regular rags or paper towels, the rough material could cause scratches on your mirror over time, or may leave lint behind. A microfiber cloth is a great way to prevent lint. In addition, you should also make sure you have:  A bucket Cotton cleaning rag (2) Water Rubbing alcohol White vinegar


Оцените состояние кошки. Оставьте ловушку в безопасном месте, пока не отвезете кошку к ветеринару. Отвезите кошку к ветеринару как можно скорее. Выпустите кошку.

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As soon as you notice that you've caught a cat, carefully remove any towels you may have laid over the trap and check to see that the cat is healthy. Use caution here — though some cats may be docile, feral cats that are not accustomed to people may become agitated. Look for obvious injuries or signs of malnourishment and contact a vet right away if you find any. Cover the cat again as soon as you can — this will calm it and keep it from thrashing and yowling.  If you notice that your trapped cat is a lactating female, you will need to take it to the vet and release it as soon as possible. Lactation is a sign that a mother cat has kittens, who can not generally survive on their own for long periods of time. If you end up trapping a neighborhood pet or a wild animal, simply release it according to the directions below. If you can't immediately take the cat to the vet, put it in a safe but secluded spot away from children and other animals, like a garage or basement. Keep the trap covered while you do so to keep the cat calm. Most importantly, wear hand protection (especially if you're dealing with a feral cat) to protect yourself both from scratches and microorganisms that may be present on the cat.  You may also want to elevate the trap on pieces of wood or bricks so that waste will fall through the wire. Place newspaper under the elevated trap. If you intend to trap more than one cat you should put 1-2 more traps than cats you expect to trap out when you start the process. Avoid feeding the cat. Opening the trap gives the cat an opportunity to lunge for the exit or scratch you. In addition, if the vet ends up recommending surgery (such as spaying or neutering) for the cat, the procedure will be easiest if the cat has an empty stomach. Even if the cat you've trapped appears perfectly healthy, it's important that you take it to the vet as soon as you can. Feral cats can sometimes be carriers of diseases, though the risk of a seemingly healthy cat having an extremely dangerous disease like rabies is very, very...


Оцените состояние мышц. Делайте планки. Делайте боковые планки. Поднимайте ноги. Делайте боковые подъемы. Занимайтесь с гирями.

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Your core is the area of muscles in the trunk of your body. The core stabilizes your body, and a strong core allows you to perform many other exercises much more effectively. To determine your core strength: Lay on the floor on your stomach. Place a long pipe, dowel, or ruler along your back. Place hour hands on the floor, shoulder-width apart. Do a push up with your legs straightened. If your chest and stomach leave the ground at the same time, then you have a stronger core. The plank is one of the fundamental core-building activities, working many muscles in your trunk at the same time. To do the plank:  Lie on the floor on your stomach and place your forearms on the ground shoulder-width apart. Push up with your arms into a push-up position, keeping your elbows and forearms resting on the floor. Keep your body straight and tighten your core muscles to help alleviate strain on your arms. Breathe evenly and hold for 60 seconds. Relax for 60 seconds and then repeat 1-3 times every day. Once you’ve mastered the plank, it may become too easy for you. Try a more challenging version of the plank with the side plank. To do a side plank, start in the regular plank position. Then place one forearm on the ground with your elbow directly under your shoulder. Stack your feet on top of each other, twisting your body so that one side is on the ground. Push your body up while keeping your body straight. Leg lifts will help strengthen your lower back and abdominal muscles. To do a regular leg lift, lie on your back with your arms to your sides. Alternating legs, lift one leg about 12 inches straight off the ground, slowly and steadily. Hold for about 10 seconds and then lower it slowly to the floor. Do not bend your knee. Do 10 repetitions of these for each leg. Repeat 1-3 times every day. To do a more challenging version, try lifting both legs off the ground at the same time. Raise them slowly and steadily until they are about 12 inches off the ground. Hold them steady for a count of ten and then slowly lower them to the...


Оцените состояние отверстия. Очистите область антисептиком. Регулярно меняйте повязки.

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The stoma is the hole in the neck/trachea where the tubes are inserted so the patient can breathe. The stoma should be assessed each time after suctioning for skin breakdown and signs of infection. If any symptoms of infection are present (or if anything at all seems questionable), consult a doctor immediately.  Symptoms of a stoma infection can include redness, swelling, pain, and the secretion of foul-smelling pus. If a stoma is infected and inflamed, the tracheal tubes will be more difficult to insert. If a stoma is pale or bluish, this may indicate an issue with blood flow to the tissue, and you should contact a doctor right away. Each time you remove a tracheal tube, clean and disinfect the stoma. Use an antiseptic solution such as betadine solution or something similar. The stoma should be cleaned in a circular motion (with a sterile gauze) starting at the 12 o’clock position and wiping downward to the three o’clock position. Then use a new gauze dipped in antiseptic and wipe towards the nine o’clock position. To clean the lower half of the stoma, wipe with a new gauze from the three o’clock position towards the six o’clock position. Then wipe again from the nine o’clock position moving towards the six o’clock position. The dressing around the tracheostomy should be changed at least twice a day. This helps to prevent infection at the stoma site and within the respiratory system (lungs). Changing it also helps to promote the skin's integrity. A new dressing helps to insulate the skin and absorb the secretions that might leak around the stoma.  A wet dressing should be changed immediately. This breeds bacteria and can lead to health complications. Don't forget to change the ribbons (ties) that keep the tracheal tube in place if they get soiled or wet. Make sure to hold the tracheal tube in place while changing the ribbons.


Оцените состояние потерпевшего. Проверьте наличие физических симптомов. Проверьте когнитивные симптомы. Проверьте, в сознании ли человек. Следите за состоянием пострадавшего.

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Examine the wound and look carefully at the victim. Check to see if the victim has a bleeding head wound. Concussions might not bleed on the surface, but under the scalp, creating a "goose egg" or a hematoma (a large bruise).  Visible external injuries are not always a good way to tell if someone has a concussion since some very minor scalp wounds bleed profusely, while some less visible impact injuries can cause major brain impairment. Physical symptoms to look for include signs of basilar skull fracture, Battle’s sign (a swollen bruised area that appears several days after a skull fracture because blood has leaked into the area behind the ear), raccoon eyes, and rhinorrhea (leakage of cerebrospinal fluid). Mild and severe concussions can result in many physical symptoms. Look for any of the following symptoms:  Loss of consciousness. Severe headache. Light sensitivity. Double or blurred vision. Seeing "stars", spots or other visual anomalies. Loss of coordination and balance. Vertigo. Numbness, tingling, or weakness in legs and arms. Nausea and vomiting.  Amnesia. Obvious confusion. Since a concussion is an ailment of the brain, concussions often disrupt brain function. These disruptions include:  Unusual irritability or excitability. Disinterest or difficulties with concentration, logic, and memory. Mood swings or outbursts of inappropriate emotions and tearfulness. Drowsiness or lethargy. When checking for a concussion, it is important to know whether or not the victim is conscious and know his or her level of cognitive function. To check the consciousness of the victim, try the AVPU code:  A - Is the victim alert? - Does the victim watch you with their eyes? Does he answer your questions? Does he respond to normal environmental stimuli? V - Does the victim respond to voice? - Does the victim respond when spoken to, even if the response is small and not completely alert? Does he need to be yelled at to respond? A victim can respond to verbal commands and not be alert. A response of "Huh?" when you speak...


Оцените состояние своего здоровья, чтобы понять, что могло повысить  уровень билирубина. Обратитесь к врачу. Убедитесь, что высокий уровень билирубина не вызван каким-либо редким заболеванием. Ограничьте употребление спиртных напитков. Поддерживайте здоровый вес и соблюдайте диету. Защититесь от гепатита. Будьте осторожны при приеме медикаментов.

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The bilirubin production system can run into trouble at one of three points: before, during, and after bilirubin production. Each of these problems can result from a set of related conditions:  Adults can develop what is called "unconjugated jaundice" when the problem occurs before bilirubin is produced. This is most often caused by reabsorption of a large blood clot or by hemolytic anemia.  During the production of bilirubin, adults can develop jaundice as a result of viruses such as hepatitis and Epstein-Barr, autoimmune disorders, and overconsumption of alcohol or certain medications including acetaminophen, oral contraceptives, and steroids.  If the adult develops jaundice because of problems after bilirubin production, the problem may lie in the gallbladder or pancreas. If you have jaundice, you will want to have your bilirubin levels checked. Jaundice can be an indication of a serious health issue. Usually, your doctor will work to find and treat the cause of your jaundice and treat any complications of the jaundice. The jaundice itself is not usually treated. Sometimes a medication may be given to help with itching, which is a common symptom of jaundice. Jaundice is often accompanied by other symptoms, which may help your doctor determine the cause:  Short term jaundice, which is caused by infection, may be accompanied by chills, fever, abdominal discomfort, or other flu-like symptoms. Jaundice caused by cholestasis -- the interruption of the flow of bile -- may be accompanied by itching, weight loss, darkened urine, or lightened stools. A number of uncommon medical disorders can lead to elevated bilirubin and jaundice.  Gilbert syndrome is a genetic liver disorder. Patients have a reduced amount of the liver enzyme needed to break down bilirubin. Although present from birth, symptoms, which include jaundice, fatigue, weakness, and gastrointestinal discomfort, may not appear until young adulthood.  Crigler-Najjar disease is an extremely rare condition that is also caused by an enzyme deficiency. There...


Оцените состояние тела кошки. Посетите ветеринара. Обсудите с ветеринаром дальнейшие действия.

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Before you put your cat on a diet, it’s important to determine whether or not your cat really needs to lose weight. A body condition score consists of a scale from one to five—with five being obese and one being emaciated. An ideal score is three. Rate your cat on the scale according to the following standards:  Score 1: Ribs, spine, and pelvis stick out and can be seen even at a distance. The cat has no body fat and looks starved and bony. Score 2: Ribs, spine, and pelvis can be easily felt. Viewed from above, the cat has a distinct waist. Viewed from the side, the belly is tucked up. The cat looks thin. Score 3: Ribs and spine can be felt but not seen. The cat has a slight waist when viewed from above, and a level (but not saggy) tummy from the side. Ideal. Score 4: Ribs and spine difficult to locate. Pear-shaped tummy from above and sagging down from the side. Can be described as chunky or stout. Score 5: Bony landmarks obscured by fat. Thick cover of fat over chest and tummy. Oval silhouette. Obese. If your cat’s body condition rates as a four or five, then see your veterinarian for more guidance. Your veterinarian will have tools to determine the target weight for your cat based on your cat’s exact size, using a series of measurements such as the length of your cat’s head, width of head, backbone length, radius of the wrist, and girth measurement. The visit to the vet is equally important because your vet will perform a physical exam of your cat to ensure that simple overeating is the cause of your cat’s weight problem and not a more serious medical condition. Several methods are available to help your cat lose weight. When your veterinarian sets a target weight for your cat, discuss the various options available. Your vet will likely recommend a combination of options that may include restricting your cat’s caloric intake, putting your cat on a metabolic diet, and/or making changes to the cat’s lifestyle. Regardless of the strategy you and your vet determine is best for your cat, prepare for a long-term...


Оцените состояние шпона. Поверните мебель так, чтобы шпон был сверху. Смочите старое полотенце в теплой воде. Разложите полотенце по всей поверхности шпона. Оставьте полотенце на поверхности приблизительно на 2 часа. Снимите полотенце.

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If you can peel up one small portion of the veneer to see what’s underneath, you can get an idea of how much work the project will take. If the piece of veneered furniture has been stored in a damp place for a few years, chances are you can skip the loosening step and move straight on to scraping the veneer off.  Squeeze it out so that it is damp and not dripping. Take extra care to ensure that the towel is not sitting directly on any pieces of finished wood that you want to leave intact. The water can damage the finish. Any water damage to the wood just under the veneer can be removed during the sanding process. Re-moisten the towel if it won’t stay damp for that long. If the veneer doesn’t have any cracks, you may need to keep the towel on the surface for three hours. Look for curling and gaps in the surface. The glue under the veneer should start to dissolve with prolonged water exposure.


Оцените степень изношенности воронения. Учитывайте возраст оружия. Определите ценность оружия. Примите в расчет возможную стоимость процедуры воронения.

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If most of the original bluing is still in place, you may be able to touch up the bluing yourself with a cold bluing kit. If most of the original bluing has worn away, you may want to consider removing the rest of the old bluing and hot bluing the gun metal. Vintage guns dating back to the 19th century were blued using either the rust bluing or fume bluing process. These processes are not used commercially today because of the amount of time involved. There are products commercially available that will let you perform the rust bluing process yourself, or you can find someone who will perform this process for you. Vintage guns that feature silver soldering or brazing cannot be hot-blued, because the caustic salts used in this process will eat the silver. Double-barreled shotguns commonly used this kind of soldering or brazing to keep the barrels aligned properly. Hot bluing costs significantly more than cold bluing does, so you need to consider the cost of the re-bluing process you plan to use against what you spent to acquire the gun in the first place and its resale value if you were to sell it. You should also consider the intrinsic value of the gun, or what it means to you, as well as its actual monetary value. If the gun is a family heirloom, you may want to consider spending more money on re-bluing the gun, even if its monetary value is the same that of a gun purchased at a sporting goods store. In addition to the monetary and intrinsic value of the gun that needs re-bluing, you should also take into account the costs of the bluing process you are considering using.  Cold bluing, described in Part Two of this article, is the simplest of the processes, and therefore the cheapest, but it is also the least durable. If you plan to handle the gun a lot after cold bluing it, you can expect the cold bluing to wear off fairly quickly. Hot bluing, described in Part Three of this article, is more durable than cold bluing and lasts longer than either cold bluing or rust bluing, but it requires more work and more...


Оцените степень поражения. Лечите любые ранки. Предотвращайте распространение грибковой инфекции. Получите экстренную помощь.

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Before you decide how to treat your nails, you'll want to take a closer look to determine in what ways they were damaged. Examine the nails shapes to see if they are distorted. Look at the coloring of the nails, as a green or yellow shade could indicate infection. Feel the surface of the nails to see if you can detect any surface bumps or ridges.  Once you make a detailed note of your nails' appearance, then it will make it easier to track improvement and healing over time. If your nails have a green or yellow coloring, you may have a nail fungus. Talk to your doctor about possible treatments. Small, white patches on your nail may be from a keratin build-up or they may signal a nutritional deficiency of a vitamin or mineral, like zinc or magnesium. Your doctor can diagnose whether it is a deficiency or not by doing a full-blood count. If your nail is split open or cut, then wash the area carefully under water with soap. Sanitize it with an alcohol wipe. Apply a bit of antibiotic cream or gel to the nail bed. If the cut is large, cover it with a band aid. If the injury is minor, let it air out and keep it clean. If you have been diagnosed with a fungal infection, take steps to make sure that it does not spread. Fungal infections can spread from your fingernails to your toenails, your eyes, and to other people.  Wear gloves to prevent contaminating others. Avoid cooking or serving food to other people during this time. Keep your hands clean, and treat any broken skin around the nail. Apply anti-fungal cream as directed by your doctor. If you've cut deep into the nail bed and the bleeding won't stop or if a large part of the nail has separated from the skin, then consider getting medical attention sooner rather than later. A doctor can treat the immediate injury, while making it less likely that you will get a secondary infection. Sometimes a nail injury is actually a sign that the finger has been fractured. Unless the finger is visibly damaged, an x-ray or MRI will be ordered.


Оцените степень развития ваших отношений. Замечайте, когда он готов и не готов встретиться. Оценивайте динамику своих чувств и поступков. Доверяйте интуиции. Подумайте, кто чаще проявляет инициативу.

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Get out your calendar and look at how long it has been since you started to see each other. If it has been longer than a month and you still haven’t met his friends, and he seems either really relaxed or aloof about your relationship, he may not be in the relationship for the same reasons you are. For example, he isn’t asking to see you more, talking about doing things with you in the future, or telling you about his feelings for you. Or he may tell you he likes you, but this doesn’t seem to follow with many of the other signs that he is playing with you. This is a big indicator of how interested he is in the relationship. If this is just about sex or ego for him, he may only want to see you late at night or when it is convenient for him. He might cancel on you often, push off dates, or seem unsure when he is free next. Try to keep track of how many times he has pushed a date off with you or has said he's busy. Most likely you already know there is a pattern, but it is a good idea to see it on paper so that the facts of the situation sink in more. If you have been consistently worrying about what is going on, fretting about whether he likes you or not, and feeling going back and forth between really liking him and really not trusting him, there might be something wrong in your relationship with this guy. If after hanging out you consistently feel unstable, insecure, or confused about his feelings, you may be interested in someone who doesn’t feel the same way about you that you feel about him.   People who are infatuated may also feel a lot of up and down emotions, but if you feel like you are going through all of your emotions alone, you probably haven’t found someone who wants to be with you. If you have had trust issues in the past, are the kind of person who is suspicious in most relationships that you are in, or have problems with persistent insecurity, talk to your friends and ask them what they think. Your friends know you the best and will be able to help you find out if the problem is with you or...


Оцените степень собственной фрустрации. Поймите потенциальные причины возникновения фрустрации. Внимательно проанализируйте причины своей фрустрации. Поймите свои природные ритмы. Организуйте режим дня. Ставьте перед собой разумные цели. Очистите способы своего общения. Воспользуйтесь здоровыми способами высвобождения фрустрации.

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To tell if you experience frustration that falls outside the normal range, answer these questions. You might find that your frustration is extreme, and if that’s the case, seeking therapy or anger management classes might be a valuable option.  Are you usually irritable? Do you normally respond to frustration by blaming or snapping at others? Do you self-medicate letdowns with alcohol, drugs and excessive eating? Do you often hurt others’ feelings when you are responding to frustration? Do you tend to feel misunderstood after a bout of frustration has passed? Do you often lose your cool in the middle of a hard day of work or school? When you get disappointed, do you feel as though life is impossible or that you are unworthy? Spend some time thinking or writing about the potential sources of frustration in your life. Be as specific as possible about what triggers your frustration--maybe it's a co-worker or classmate you find frustrating or even the way that someone says or does something. Try to consider whether or not this source of frustration is something that you want to control and cannot. For example, you cannot control another person's point of view. But, you can control whether or not you engage this person in conversation.  Doing this will help you understand and accept these things in the long-term, making you more capable of handling them with patience. Alternately, you might find that you can avoid certain frustrations entirely. For example, if you take a slow, traffic-heavy route home from work, you could opt for a slightly longer route that allows you to avoid it. Frustration is not always misplaced, and it may be a reasonable response to a very real and difficult issue or issues in your life. However, frustration can build if you believe that every problem has a clear solution and there's something wrong with you or with your life for not being able to arrive at it. Instead of trying to solve a difficulty once and for all, try to focus on cultivating a helpful attitude toward it. Understand why...


Оцените текст перед прочтением. Задавайте вопросы. Прочитайте текст. Перескажите прочитанный текст.

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Previewing a text increases the chances that you will comprehend what you read, and it is really easy to do. Simply flip through the pages and look at the chapter title and subheadings. When you are finished, you will have a good sense of the main ideas that the chapter will cover.  If the chapter includes an author summary, then you can read the summary as well. You should also look at any charts, graphs, or other images as you survey the text. Generating some questions to help guide your reading will help you to stay focused and it can also increase your comprehension of the text. Consider the topics you encountered in your survey of the text and use these to help you generate some questions about the reading.  You can use who, what, when, where, and why to help you generate questions about the subheadings you encountered in your preview. For example, you could take the title of a subheading called “Reading Comprehension Strategies” and turn it into a question called “What are some effective reading comprehension strategies?” Some instructors include reading questions for you to answer as you read. If you have been provided with a list of reading questions, then use these to help you stay focused as you read. Next, you will need to read the text and use your questions to help you stay focused. If you use your questions, highlight important information as you go, and take notes on what you have read, then you should only need to read the text once. Make sure that you read at your own pace and stop to take notes as needed. It is important to stop after you finish a section and put what you just read into your own words. If you cannot do this after you have read a section, then you should reread that section again. Try to explain the material to a friend or write a brief summary of the material. Remember to explain it in your own words. Don’t simply repeat the wording you encountered.


Оцените текущее качество питания кошки. Обсудите с ветеринаром высококачественную диету для кошки. Учтите конкуренцию между кошками.

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Cat digestion is designed to process a high protein diet. A food which contains a high proportion of cereal or non-animal protein is less than optimal and may be hard for your cat to digest, resulting in insufficient calories. Read the label of your cat food. It should list a named meat as the first two or three ingredients, with cereals and vegetables way down the list. If cereals or soy are high up the list, switch foods. Many premium supermarket foods are highly palatable, but are made so with the addition of flavorings and therefore not nutritionally ideal. Your vet should have some suggestions about what foods will be best for your cat.  Raw food diets are high in water and nutrients. Ask if raw food would be a better choice for your pet. You can buy raw food at pet stores, online, or make at home. Be very careful that your raw food is nutritionally complete or you may end up damaging your cat's health. A good indicator of quality is to chose a manufacturer who also creates prescription diets for the veterinary market, because their knowledge of treating ill health through diet could also cross-pollinates into their regular cat foods. Royal Canin and Hill's are examples of over the counter foods that also manufacture prescription food. If your have several cats be careful to observe the dynamics between the cats and make sure the thin cat is not being bullied or kept away from the food bowl. Make sure each cat has its own food bowl, and be sure to place the food bowls at opposite ends of a room, or even in separate rooms. This makes it harder to a dominant cat to patrol the food area and prevent other cats getting access. If you have a greedy cat that eats everyone else's portions, consider getting a microchip activated food bowl. These devices have a locked lid which is only opened when the cat approaches whose microchip bears the number programmed into the dish.


Оцените текущее расписание. Учитывайте собственный стиль обучения. Оцените свою трудовую этику.

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Your first step in creating a study schedule is to assess your current schedule and the way you currently spend time. Assessing your current schedule will enable you to take a good look at how you use time and to help identify where you can be more efficient and what activities you might be able to cut.  Determine how many hours a week you currently study. Determine how many hours a week you currently devote to entertainment. Determine how many hours a week you currently spend with friends and family. Do some quick math to see what you could cut. People tend to find they spend a lot of time on entertainment, start there. Make sure to create your study schedule around your work schedule, if you work. While figuring out how you spend time is one of the most important parts of creating your schedule, you also need to figure out how you actually study. Figuring out how you study can help you determine if you can have an overlap in activities. It will also help you figure out how you can use the time you don’t normally use. Ask yourself a few questions.  Are you an auditory learner? Perhaps listen to recorded lectures or other audio studying material when driving in the car or when working out in the gym. Are you a visual learner? Can you put up pictures or watch videos to learn? Try watching a video as a way to learn and as a way of entertainment. Although you might design yourself an awesome schedule, your schedule will mean relatively little if you don’t commit yourself to studying. As a result, you need to spend a little bit of time reflecting upon your work ethic. After doing so:  Plan your schedule based on how you think you will work. If you tend to lose focus and take a lot of breaks, build in extra time into your schedule. If you know you procrastinate, build in extra time before any deadlines. This will provide a cushion so you don’t wind up missing a deadline. If you know you have a very solid work ethic, provide yourself with the ability to complete work early. You might do this by creating an extra...


Оцените темперамент собаки. Проведите анализ родословной. Оцените состояние здоровья собаки. Проверьте даты сделанных прививок. Оцените вес собаки. Учтите возраст собаки. Подберите подходящего самца.

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Your pug needs to have a pleasant and enjoyable temperament. The pug you plan to breed with yours should also be well behaved and even tempered. This will ensure their puppies will be good, strong pets. If your dog has any emotional or temperament issues, you should rethink breeding him or her. You only want to breed the best pugs you can. Before you breed your pug, you need to have him tested to determine his genetic background. This will test your dog’s bloodline to ensure there are only good qualities in his or her bloodline. If your pug is a registered as a purebred, you can obtain your dog’s bloodline from the American Kennel Club or other registering authority. You need to be sure your pug and the pug you are planning to breed with are not directly related in order to prevent any possible genetic defects caused by inbreeding. Your pug should be in fine physical shape in order to be bred. This means your pug should be free from any genetic health problems that could be passed down from him or her to the puppies. Take your pug to the veterinarian to get checked out. Common pug diseases that would deter you from breeding your pug include:  Luxating patellas, also known as 'wobbly kneecaps', which is the excess movement of the kneecap sideways that can cause the hind leg to lock in an extended position. Hip dysplasia, which is when the hips are poorly formed so they do not move smoothly in the hip joint, causing the the dog to have a weak back end and lead to early arthritis Entropion, which is an inwards turning of the eyelids where the hairs rub on the surface of the eye and cause constant irritation Hemivertebra, which is a malformation of the spine bones that causes a physical deformity of the spine Cleft palate, which is a separation of the palate of the mouth area, often corrected by surgery at a young age Before your pug is mated or bred, you need to ensure he or she is up to date on all necessary vaccinations. This is especially important for your female pug because most vaccines cannot be given...


Оцените травмы у птицы. Обратитесь к местному ветеринару или орнитологу — специалисту по птицам. Обратитесь к местным волонтерам, помогающим птицам. Уточните у представителей организации, будут ли птицу усыплять. Доставьте птицу с осторожностью.

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Try to inspect the bird and determine the extent of its injuries. If the bird looks dazed, stunned, or unconscious, this could mean that the bird is in shock and is suffering from more injuries than just a broken wing. If the bird is alert – and even trying to get away from you – this is a good sign. Try to look for any visible blood or wounds that can help you assess the severity of the bird’s condition.  If you think the bird’s broken wing is too damaged to repair, or the bird appears to have other injuries as well, the bird may need to be euthanized. If the bird needs to be euthanized, you can take it to a vet for assistance or call the local animal control authorities. For an injured domestic bird, call your personal vet for advice. If you don’t know what to do with an injured wild bird, you can also call your local vet to see what they recommend. Some vets offer free assistance (like antibiotics or life-saving surgery) to animals injured in the wild. Your vet probably won’t be able to house a wild bird while it recovers (unless you pay for it), but they may be able to provide some sort of care or support. If you found an injured bird in the wild, you may need to contact a bird rescue organisation for help. Look online to find some in your area. They may be able to provide some medical assistance for your injured bird, but have no room to house or rehabilitate the bird. You should specifically ask them about what services they are able to offer: one-time medical assistance, housing, rehabilitation services, and continuous medical care throughout rehabilitation. You may need to ask several rescue organizations if they have room for the bird you found. You may need to call several agencies before you find one that is willing to help you. These rescues typically depend on public donations to function, so they may be running short on funding, supplies, or physical space. If you’ve determined that the bird’s injuries don’t seem fatal, inquire about each rescue’s euthanization policy. Be sure to ask each rescue...


Оцените тренды изменения переменных затрат. Используйте процентную долю переменных затрат в себестоимости для оценки риска. Проведите сравнительный анализ с компаниями той же отрасли. Проведите анализ безубыточности.

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In most cases, increasing production will make each additional unit more profitable. This is because fixed costs are now being spread thinner across a larger production volume. For example, if a business that produces 500,000 units per years spends $50,000 per year in rent, rent costs are allocated to each unit at $0.10 per unit. If production doubles, rent is now allocated at only $0.05 per unit, leaving more room for profit on each sale. So, as revenues increase, cost of goods sold should also increase, but at a slower rate (as ideally variable cost per unit stay constant and fixed cost per unit declines).  To determine whether or not variable costs are staying constant, divide total variable cost by revenue. This will give you an idea of how much of costs are variable costs. You can then compare this figure to historical variable cost data to track variable cost per units increases or decreases.  For example, if total variable costs were $70,000 one year and $80,000 the next while revenues were $1,000,000 and $1,150,000, respectively, you could see that variable costs remained fairly stable through those two years at $70,000÷$1,000,000{\displaystyle \$70,000\div \$1,000,000}, or 7{\displaystyle 7} percent, and $80,000÷$1,150,000{\displaystyle \$80,000\div \$1,150,000}, or 6.96{\displaystyle 6.96} percent of revenue, respectively). By comparing the percentage of variable costs to fixed costs for a unit, you can determine the proportion of each type of expense. This can be calculated by dividing variable costs per unit by total per-unit cost using the formula vv+f{\displaystyle {\frac {v}{v+f}}} where v and f are the per-unit variable and fixed costs, respectively. For example, if the fixed costs per unit is $0.10 and the variable cost per unit is $0.40 (for a $0.50 total cost per unit), then 80 percent of the unit cost is variable cost ($0.40/$0.50=0.8{\displaystyle \$0.40/\$0.50=0.8}). As an outside investor, you can use this information to predict potential profit risk.  If a company primarily experiences...


Оцените уровень боли.

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If your toe is fractured, it's going to hurt when you put your weight on it, or when pressed on. You will probably still be able to walk, but moving around might make the pain worse. The presence of pain does not necessarily mean that the toe is broken, but persistent pain can be an indication of a fracture or break.  If putting weight on your toe is excruciatingly painful, you might have a bad break.  In this case, you should see a doctor right away. Minor fractures aren't as painful, and may not need medical treatment. Tingling in addition to pain could indicate a fracture. See a doctor right away.


Оцените уровень злости другого человека. Скажите другому человеку, что переживаете за него. Принесите извинения. Спросите другого человека, можете ли вы оба взять короткую передышку. Непринужденно пошутите. Уходите, если ссора не прекращается.

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Look for visible signs of anger, like clenched fists, tense shoulders, and shaking. You want to know how angry they are so you can decide the best way to de-escalate the situation. If someone is visibly upset, they may lash out verbally or physically if you try to walk away. You may want to hear them out before you try to leave. Disarm them by sharing how you feel in a genuine way. Telling someone you love or care about them when you’re fighting can be hard, but it might help de-escalate the situation. For example, you could say “I love you and don’t want us to get angry at each other like this. Let’s not fight right now.” You don’t have to mean it or believe they’re in the right. Set aside your pride and say you’re sorry so you can avoid a bad situation from getting any worse. Sometimes, an apology is all they need to hear. For example, you could say to a stranger you got in a fight with “I’m so sorry. That was my fault and I didn’t mean for this to turn into a fight.” Put the fight on pause so you can both have a moment to calm down. You’ll probably find that you’re both thinking more rationally when you come back together.  For example, you could say to your friend that you’re fighting with “We’re not getting anywhere right now. Want to cool off and talk about this later?” If your friend is still persistent, explain that you want to resolve this flight, but you can't do it when you're not thinking clearly. This way, they won't feel attacked. Use humor to cut through the tension between you and the other person. They might be too angry to laugh, but a joke could stop the fight from escalating any further.  Don’t use sarcasm or make a joke at the other person’s expense. This will make them feel that you're not taking their feelings seriously. If you’re fighting with a friend or your significant other, try an inside joke that you can both laugh about. Don’t allow the other person to use insults and personal attacks to rile you up. If someone is insistent on fighting with you, and you’ve tried to defuse the...


Оцените ущерб. Найдите двухстороннюю ткань для чистки ювелирных изделий - с чистящей и полировочной сторонами.

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Decide whether your DVD can be fixed, or whether it has irreparable damage.  As mentioned above, disks with scratches that go deep will not be able to be mended. To assess the damage, hold the disk up in the sunlight. If sunlight shines through the scratch, the DVD is unlikely to be mended. Scratches that are circular, around the laser track, are more likely to result in a permanently damaged disk. Small scratches that run across the radius are easier to fix. A cloth specialized for eyeglasses would also do.


Оцените факторы риска развития гипербилирубинемии у младенца. Часто кормите ребенка. Узнайте у педиатра о фототерапии. Подумайте о том, чтобы использовать били-одеяло (biliblanket). Обсудите с врачом другие варианты.

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The factors that lead to high levels of bilirubin can be hereditary, environmental, or related to other health conditions.  Babies born prematurely are less likely to be able to process bilirubin because their livers are not sufficiently developed.  Babies whose blood type is incompatible with the mother's type -- known as ABO Incompatibility -- may be born with higher levels of bilirubin in their blood. If the baby is significantly bruised during birth, the breakdown of red blood cells may increase bilirubin levels.  Babies can develop "breast milk jaundice" for two reasons: the presence of certain proteins in the mother's milk, or the baby not receiving enough milk, which leads to dehydration.  Some babies can have liver, blood or enzyme problems or other medical problems that can lead to elevated bilirubin. Also, babies can have an infection which can cause elevated bilirubin. Your doctor may recommend feeding an infant with jaundice up to 12 times a day.    Since latching and sucking problems can cause the infant to receive less breast milk, consider enlisting the aid of a lactation consultant who is trained to help mothers feed their babies.  Feeding the baby more often will encourage bowel movements, which eliminate bilirubin.  If increased breastfeeding does not reduce bilirubin levels, your pediatrician may direct you to supplement the baby's diet with formula or expressed breast milk. Phototherapy involves exposing the infant to light in the blue-green spectrum. The light waves pass through the baby's body and into the blood, where it converts the bilirubin into materials that the baby's body will be able to excrete.  The baby will wear soft eye patches to protect their eyes from the light. They are also able to wear a diaper during the therapy. The baby will likely have loose, frequent, and possibly greenish bowel movements as a side effect of phototherapy. This is normal and should end when the treatments have stopped.  While direct, natural sunlight can help lower bilirubin levels, it is not...


Оцените факторы риска. Вспомните, был ли у вас незащищенный секс в последнее время. Определите количество сексуальных партнеров. Риск заражения у женщин выше.

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Realize that many people with genital herpes live without symptoms for a long period of time. Using high risk factors to determine your need for a test can help with early treatment. Factors that increase your risk of getting herpes include:  Immunocompromised states. A compromised immune system on its own won't give you herpes, but it will make it harder for your body to protect itself and fight an infection or breakout. Illness, stress, AIDS, cancer, diabetes, and even old age can be factors may make you more vulnerable to infection by the herpes HSV-1/HSV-2 virus. Atopic eczema in children (also known as atopic dermatitis). Eczema is a common itchy skin disorder, but if eczema skin is infected with herpes, it can lead to a serious skin condition. Occupational workplace exposure. Some professions that are exposed to the virus may be at higher risk of getting herpes. For example, dental health providers are at higher risk of contracting HSV-1, resulting in a extremely painful infection of the hand. Condoms help reduce, but do not eliminate the risk. Sexual activity places you at the highest risk of getting HSV-2 and HSV-1. But, even protected sex can spread herpes, especially during an outbreak, though it can still be spread if there are no symptoms. Herpes is spread across the moist linings (mucosal areas) of the skin, so oral, anal, penile and vaginal openings are at greatest risk for transferring the disease. When any infected area of one person comes into contact with another mucosal area of an uninfected person, the disease may be transmitted. Types of contact that can easily spread herpes include: kissing, oral sex, anal sex, and vaginal sex (or any combination of these where the mucosal membranes come into contact with each other). Since herpes can be contracted orally and through genital contact, your chances of getting the disease increase with the number of sexual partners you have. The more partners you have, the higher your risk of getting genital herpes. However, contracting herpes does not mean...


Оцените характер общения парня. Замечайте, что интересует парня. Обратите внимание, насколько парень запоминает детали. Подумайте, что заставляет его спорить с вами. Обратите внимание на построение фраз. Оцените наличие общего языка. Задайте прямой вопрос.

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If he only calls once a week and barely has anything to say, that's probably not a good sign. However, if he spontaneously texts, emails, and calls on a regular basis, then he probably can't get you out of his mind, meaning he loves you. However, every guy is different. Maybe he's an introvert, and he doesn't like to spend every minute with another person, even someone he loves. Make sure you try to figure out what kind of person he is before jumping to conclusions. That is when you get together, does he ask questions about you and your day? Does he seem to genuinely care about what's going on in your life? If he's truly interested in what you're doing, he likely cares about you. Of course, guys (and people) in general are going to forget things, including important dates and past conversations. But if he makes an effort to remember important dates, and he is paying attention to the conversations you have by bringing them up later, then he is likely in love with you. To truly fight with someone, you need to care about that person, and then find a way to make amends. If he's not willing to fight or if he just brushes off arguments with a shrug, he may not care that deeply about you. You don't necessarily need to have knock-down, drag-out fights. But you both need to be able to express your opinions and thoughts, even if it leads to an argument. If he doesn't seem willing to engage, he may not be into you. That is if he starts using "we" on a regular basis, rather than just "I," that could be a sign he loves you. "We" indicates he's started thinking of you as a unit, a couple, which means he's starting to commit to you being together. If you have your own language, including pet names and inside jokes, that's a good sign. It means that he cares enough about you to fully engage in the relationship. If he has a pet name for you (and only you), it likely means he's at least falling for you. If you're in a healthy relationship, you can simply have a conversation about your feelings. Talk about what you like about...


Оцените частоту и страсть вашей сексуальной жизни. Оцените вашу верность друг другу. Подумайте о том, каким образом партнер делает вашу жизнь лучше. Подумайте, как часто ваши друзья и родственники хотят проводить время с вами и вашим партнером. Подумайте, как часто вы проводите время вместе.

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If you've been in a dry spell for what feels like forever and don't even desire for sex, then it may be a sign of larger issues in your relationship.  Try to remember when the last time you had sex, and if you did it just to check it off your to-do list, and whether or not your received satisfaction and pleasure from it. If it has been a while and is more of a task, then the relationship is not likely going to last. Visit a doctor to see if your low sex drive is due to hormonal imbalances from pregnancy or menopause or, if you are a man, if you are experiencing low testosterone. Infidelity can destroy a relationship because it shatters the trust and loyalty you have worked hard at obtaining. It is possible to survive infidelity, but if it becomes routine for one or both of you, then it is time to end the relationship.  Unless you have established that you have an open relationship, infidelity is difficult to overcome. When one or both of you is unfaithful on a routine basis, and it becomes almost expected and acceptable, then your relationship is likely over. Flirting is a form of infidelity, depending on your intent. If you flirt often because you are seeking affection or having dreams of being with that person, you are emotionally cheating on your partner, and you need to address why. Just as you should choose your friends wisely so you are surrounded with positivity, your relationship should uplift and improve your own life. If you are feeling held back or burdened by your partner and they are not improving your life, you should strongly consider ending things. Your family and friends know you the best and want the best for you. If you recognize that they are avoiding spending time with you and your partner, your relationship is not meant to last. Having your network of support through your friends and family has a positive impact on the quality of your relationship. Family and friends often have high expectations for your partner or may have personality clashes with your partner. It is important to...


Оцените шансы на успех. Возможно, друг давно ждет, чтобы вы его соблазнили. Определите, стоит ли овчинка выделки. Точно определите свои ожидания. Поймите, чего вы ждете от друга.

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If you are already friends with someone, there is some chance you can figure out your chances of success based on your existing interactions. Is there already some flirting involved in your interactions together? Are they involved with someone else already? Do you get the impression they already find you attractive? If you get a less-than-desired answer for at least one of these questions, it does not necessarily mean there is no hope for you. Rather, you'll have to play your cards right, and possibly change things about yourself to suit their needs in a partner. Having expectations beforehand is an important part of making things work. Even if you do successfully seduce your friend, things can go sour quickly if you don't know where to go from there. Seduction is essentially a form of positive attention, and there isn't a person who doesn't enjoy feeling wanted. Whether they respond well to your seduction is another thing, but you should keep in mind that you friend may already have feelings for you that you haven't noticed yourself. If you go about it in a way that isn't weird or demanding, the gesture can seem affectionate if anything. Unlike trying to date a stranger, there is more of a risk factor in meaning to seduce a friend. For starters, you could ruin your friendship. Even worse, the fallout from it could affect other mutual friendships as well. On the other hand, a friendship that is strong enough can usually survive a failed seduction, provided things are discussed openly.  Cross-reference your expectations with your expected chances and decide for yourself whether you should go through with it. There is no easy answer to a question like this, but it is important that you live with whatever decision you make. Although going for the seduction may seem like the riskier move, staying quiet can result in just as much pain if you really like the person. It should also be said that there are varying degrees of success that relate to your expectations. If you want a relationship but think you'll only get...


Оцените эластичность и влажность имбиря. Обрежьте края имбиря поварским ножом. Почистите имбирь ножом для чистки овощей или овощечисткой. Заморозьте имбирь, чтобы его было легче натереть.

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Ginger should feel solid and should not have any soft spots. Feel around the root with your hands and look for noticeable spots of rot. Peeled ginger will darken around the edges when it starts to go bad. Cut off the ends of the root with a sharp chef’s knife. Cutting a little off of each side will make it easier to hold the ginger rather than working with an irregular shape. Try to only cut off a small portion from the edges so you do not waste any of the usable ginger. Stand the ginger on one of its ends, and use a sharp knife or vegetable peeler to remove the rest of the skin. Slice in a downward motion towards the cutting board. Remember to try and remove as little of the skin as possible. Alternatively, you can use the edge of a spoon to scrape the peel off of fresh ginger. This works especially well on the rounded knobs that may be difficult to reach with a knife. Peeled ginger should be stored in a freezer-safe resealable bag and keeps for 1 week. Frozen ginger is easier to grate since it hardens up.  Unpeeled ginger keeps in the freezer for up to 3 months. Allow it time to thaw before peeling it.  Peeled ginger can be grated as soon as it’s pulled out from the freezer.


Оцените,  должен ли ваш газон подвергаться аэрации. Выберите аэратор. Запустите аэратор на вашем газоне.

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You should aerate your lawn every 2 to 3 years. This process removes small plugs of soil from the ground and allows new nutrients, soils, air, and water to get to the roots of the existing plants. If your lawn is large, you may want to break it up into smaller segments and do a different one each year. Rent an aerator if you don’t have one. You can find manual models, as well as models that you can pull behind a riding lawn mower. If you have a small lawn, you can even consider aerators that strap onto your shoes. You just walk around your lawn and poke holes in it with the soles of the aerators.


Оцените, имеет ли камень черный или ржаво-бурый цвет. Убедитесь, что камень имеет неправильную форму. Определите, имеет ли камень кору плавления. Проверьте, есть ли линии тока там, где поверхность плавилась. Поищите ямки и углубления на поверхности камня. Убедитесь, что камень не пористый и не полон дырок.

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If the rock you’ve found is a freshly fallen meteorite, it will be black and shiny as a result of having burned through the atmosphere. After a long time spent on Earth, however, the iron metal in the meteorite will turn to rust, leaving the meteorite a rusty brown.  This rusting starts out as small red and orange spots on the surface of the meteorite that slowly expand to cover more and more of the rock. You may still be able to see the black crust even if part of it has begun to rust.  The meteorite may be black in color but with slight variations (e.g., steely bluish black). However, if the rock you’ve found isn’t at all close to black or brown in color, then it is not a meteorite. Contrary to what you might expect, most meteorites are not round. Instead, they are typically quite irregular, with sides of varying size and shape. Although some meteorites may develop a conical shape, most will not appear aerodynamic once they land.  Although irregular in shape, most meteorites will have edges that are rounded rather than sharp.  If the rock you’ve found is relatively normal in shape, or is round like a ball, it may still be a meteorite. However, the vast majority of meteorites are irregular in shape. As rocks pass through the Earth’s atmosphere, their surfaces begin to melt and air pressure forces the molten material back, leaving a featureless, melt-like surface called a fusion crust. If your rock’s surface looks like it has melted and shifted, it may be a meteorite.  A fusion crust will most likely be smooth and featureless, though it may also include ripple marks and “droplets” where molten stone had moved and resolidified. If your rock does not have a fusion crust, it is most likely not a meteorite. The fusion crust may look like a black eggshell coating the rock.  Rocks in the desert will sometimes develop a shiny black exterior that looks similar to fusion crust. If you found your rock in a desert environment, consider whether its black surface might be desert varnish. Flow lines are small streaks on...


Оцените, к какому типу относится интересующий вас угол.

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Angles can be classified in three ways: acute, obtuse, and right. Acute angles are narrow (less than 90 degrees), obtuse angles are wide (greater than 90 degrees), and right angles are exactly 90 degrees (two lines perpendicular to each other). You can easily identify by eye, the category of angle you are trying to measure. Doing this step first helps you identify which scale to use on the protractor. At a glance, we can tell this angle is acute because it is less than 90 degrees.


Оцените, как ваша жизнь соответствует каждой ценности по шкале от 1 до 10. Используя шкалу от 1 до 10, определите, соответствует ли ваша профессия каждой ценности. Поищите ценности, которые вы в данный момент не выражаете в жизни.

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Start at the top of your list and work your way down. Think about how each value is reflected in your life and how closely you follow it. If you feel this value is fully expressed, give yourself a 10. However, if you don’t see this value at all in your life, give yourself a 1. For example, let’s say you value artistic expression. You might give yourself a 10 for artistic expression if you make art, learn about art, go to local art museums, and have a few art prints that you love. However, you might only give yourself a 1 if you have a few books about art but don’t really include it in your life. Ideally, you’ll express your values through your career choice so that you’re fulfilled in your life and work. Think about how your job or career might express each value. Give it a 10 if you feel like your career reflects the value, but give it a 1 if it doesn’t. For example, let’s say you value helping people. If you work at a local nonprofit, you might give yourself a 10 for helping people. On the other hand, if you have a job where you don’t interact directly with people, you might only give yourself a 3, which might make you feel unfulfilled. After you rate your career and your life based on your values, identify the values you hold but aren’t incorporating into your life. These are areas you can work on improving in order to feel happier and more fulfilled. Additionally, it’ll help you find more meaning in your activities. Make a list of the values you want to incorporate into your life more. Use this list as you start to make changes to your life.


Оцените, как сильно вы опаздываете. Позвоните на работу, если вы опаздываете более, чем на пять минут. Постарайтесь поговорить с начальством.

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Take stock of the conditions holding you up and estimate how much longer it will be until you can make it in. Depending on what you do, a few minutes may not be the end of the world. If you think you’ll be delayed for a while, however, you should always make it a point to let someone know.  Consider how long it will take you to resolve your current situation in order to give a more accurate estimate. If you’re stuck in traffic, for example, use a navigation app that provides live traffic updates to find out how fast things are moving up ahead. Giving your employer an idea of when they can expect you to arrive will put them at ease and allow them to make any necessary adjustments to the schedule. Unless you’re confident you can make it in on time despite the setback, it’s usually best to pick up the phone and let someone know you’re running behind. Inform them of what’s going on and how much longer it will be before you can get there. If you have no way of knowing how late you’ll ultimately be, err on the side of caution and call anyway. Once you’ve got someone on the phone, request to be put on the line with your manager, shift leader, or one of your boss’s direct subordinates. This will help ensure that the message gets relayed to the right person.  If you have important information to share, leave it with your boss’s receptionist or administrative assistant. These people usually take notes, so there will be a record of your call. Avoid sharing your status with a coworker. If they get busy or distracted, they may forget to pass the word along.


Оцените, какая помощь вам необходима. Подберите костыли по росту. Начинайте идти. Научитесь садиться или вставать на костылях. Научитесь подниматься и опускаться с костылями по ступенькам.

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If you cannot put any weight on an injury, such as if you're recovering from knee or foot surgery, then you'll need one or two crutches (preferably two for improved balance). They'll sustain weight better than canes will, and allow you to get around with only one leg. Most crutches are forearm or underarm crutches. After you've been told by a doctor to use one or the other, the only thing you need to worry about is the fit. For underarm crutches, the top should be an inch or a little more below your armpit and the grips should be even with your hips. Place both crutches on the ground about a foot in front of you, and lean forward slightly. Move as if you're going to step with your injured side, then shift the weight to the crutches and swing forward between them. Come down on your uninjured leg while holding your injured leg elevated so that no pressure is placed on it. Put both crutches together in the hand on your good leg side, like a long and extra sturdy cane. Slowly lower yourself down or up, using the crutches for balance. Start by putting both crutches under one arm, parallel to the floor. Then, you can either hop up or down the stairs on your one good leg, using a banister for assistance. Alternatively, you can lay your crutches down on steps, sit down, and pull them along with you as you use your good leg to sit on the next step.


Оцените, какие рабочие привычки чаще позволяют вам достичь успеха. Сосредоточьтесь на долгосрочных целях и пользе обучения. Разделяйте работу на меньшие цели и задачи. Расположите задачи в порядке от простых к сложным или от меньших к большим. Определяйте крайний срок или окно в расписании для каждого задания.

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Think about which environmental factors and study skills help you retain information and do your best on exams. Decide whether you prefer to work in a quiet space by yourself or if a public place like a library or coffee shop helps keep you on task. Reflect on whether you remember facts better when for you to review your own lecture notes or when you skim the textbook and old class assignments. Figure out what combination of factors will bring out your most positive, productive, and focused self so you can implement this system into all future study sessions.  Think back to past study sessions that went especially well, and others that didn’t go well at all, to assess which factors help and hinder your progress. If you’re able to develop a personalized study system, studying will be a lot less stressful for you. Studying day after day can be grueling, but rather than fixating on the negatives, get yourself in a positive frame of mind by visualizing all the good that your hard work will bring. Imagine yourself getting a good score on a test, receiving praise from your teacher, or feeling proud of your end-of-term grades. Let these good feelings wash over you as you reframe your perspective on studying.  If you’re hoping to attend college or earn a scholarship, think about how each small study session will get you 1 step closer to your dreams. Use your long-term goals as motivation to keep pushing yourself. Set concrete goals for your study session. Divide your larger studying goals into small, manageable steps. Identify specific, achievable goals that you can work on one at a time. This way, you can make good progress and achieving each goal will make you feel accomplished at the end of your study session.  It’s easy to get overwhelmed by a huge amount of homework and seemingly endless assignments. But rather than worrying, “How will I ever finish this assignment?” ask yourself, “How much of this assignment can I accomplish in 2 hours?” Instead of trying to read a whole book in 1 sitting, set a goal to read 1...


Оцените, насколько аннотация и введение позволяют получить представление о статье. Оцените ссылки и обзор литературы в статье. Изучите методы. Оцените способ представления данных и результатов в статье. Рассмотрите ненаучные доказательства и анализ данных. Оцените стиль автора.

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Examine the abstract and introduction in detail. Ask yourself the following:   How well does the abstract summarize the article, the problem it addresses, its techniques, results, and significance? For example, you might find that an abstract describes a pharmaceutical study's topic and skips to results without discussing the experiment's methods with much detail. Does the introduction map out the article’s structure? Does it clearly lay out the groundwork? A good introduction gives you a clear idea of what to expect in the coming sections. It might state the problem and hypothesis, briefly describe the investigation's methods, then state whether the experiment proved or disproved the hypothesis. Most journal articles include a review of existing literature early on and, throughout, cite previous scholarly work. Determine if the sources it references are authoritative, how well its literature review summarizes sources, and whether the sources situate the article in a field of research or simply drop well-known names.  If necessary, spend some time perusing copies of the article’s sources so you can better understand the topic’s existing literature. A good literature review will say something like, "Smith and Jones, in their authoritative 2015 study, demonstrated that adult men and women responded favorably to the treatment. However, no research on the topic has examined the technique's effects and safety in children and adolescents, which is what we sought to explore in our current work." Ask yourself, “Are these methods an appropriate, reasonable means of solving the problem?” Imagine other possible ways of setting up an experiment or structuring an investigation, and note any improvements the authors could have made.  For example, you might observe that subjects in medical study didn’t accurately represent a diverse population. Decide whether tables, diagrams, legends, and other visual aids effectively organize information. Do the results and discussion sections clearly summarize and interpret the data? Are...


Оцените, насколько близкий человек готов к похудению. Предложите попробовать новую диету вместе. Спросите у близкого человека, подумывал ли он начать худеть.

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If your friend is in denial about his or her weight problems, or if your mate is simply not interested in changing diet or exercise habits, more overt efforts on your part are unlikely to influence him or her to make a commitment to lose weight. Do research on healthy, balanced diet or exercise programs and ask if your friend will join you in trying to follow the new plan. Frame the discussion as if your mate will be the one helping you stick to a commitment to be healthier, instead of the other way around. If you feel comfortable gently and directly addressing the matter, privately ask if he or she has thought about trying to lose weight.  If your friend is already trying, offer your support and encouragement. If your mate is offended at the idea or sees no reason to lose weight, consider discussing your concerns about his or her health or drop the matter for a month or two to give the idea time to take hold in his or her head. Chances are, your mate is privately aware of his or her need to lose weight and is simply embarrassed to discuss the matter or to realize that someone else is concerned enough to mention it directly.


Оцените, насколько вам приятен секс с парнем. Оцените, насколько вас вынуждают к действиям. Оцените, насколько уважают ваш здоровый выбор.

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It's a common myth that once you're in a relationship, you “owe” your boyfriend sex. This is totally untrue. In healthy relationships, sexual activity is always mutual, consenting, and pleasing for both partners. If you don't feel like your wishes are being respected, this is a sign of abuse.  Some people believe that it is impossible to be guilty of rape in a relationship, but this is not true. Being in a relationship with someone does not create a contract where you can't say “no” to sex. If your partner forces you to have sex with him against your will, even if you have had and even enjoyed sex many times before, this is rape.  Having sexual contact with you when you are intoxicated, unconscious, drugged, or otherwise unable to say “yes” is abuse. There are other ways to sexually abuse someone in addition to rape. For example, it's possible for an abuser to coerce someone into having sex even when they don't really want to. If you feel pressured or manipulated into having sex, this is abuse.  For example, your boyfriend might say things like “You'd do this if you really loved me” or “All the other girls do this, so you should too.” These are examples of coercion, a way of pressuring you into feeling guilty so that you give him what he wants. Demanding specific sex acts that you don't want or enjoy is abuse. Even if you enjoy some types of activities, you should not feel pressured or forced to participate in any activities that don't interest you, or that frighten or disturb you. It is perfectly okay to say “yes” to some things and “no” to others. Pressuring you to sext or send nude photos is abuse. You should also be aware that if you are a minor (under 18, in most countries) sending or receiving sexts or nude photos could legally be considered a form of child pornography. You have a right to make decisions about your personal and sexual health. This includes what type(s) of birth control and STI protection you use.  Your partner should respect your choices. For example, if you insist on using condoms and...