Снимите катушку с автомобиля. Найдите характеристики вашей катушки зажигания. Коснитесь щупами омметра контактов первичной обмотки катушки. Замерьте сопротивление вторичной катушки. Сравните полученные значения с заводскими характеристиками.

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The test above isn't the only way to determine whether the ignition coil in your vehicle is functioning as it should. If you have access to a piece of electrical equipment called an ohmmeter, which measures electrical resistance, you can measure the effectiveness of your ignition coil in a definitive, quantifiable way, rather than in the somewhat subjective way described above. However, to begin this test, you'll need to remove the vehicle's ignition coil so that you can easily access its electrical terminals. Refer to your service manual for precise instructions on removing your ignition coil. Usually, you'll need to disconnect it from the distributor wire, then unscrew it from its mounting with a wrench. Ensure your vehicle is turned off and has had a chance to cool before beginning this process. Every vehicle's ignition coil has its own unique specifications in terms of the electrical resistance within the coil. If your coil's actual resistance levels fall outside of these specifications, you'll know that your coil is damaged. Usually, you'll be able to find the resistance specifications unique to your vehicle by consulting your service manual. However, if you can't find it here, you may find success by contacting your dealership or by searching online vehicular resources. Generally speaking, most automotive coils will have a resistance reading of about .7 - 1.7 ohms for the primary winding and 7,500 - 10,500 ohms for the secondary winding. The distributor will have three electrical contacts - two on either side and one in the middle. These may be either external (jutting out) or internal (sunken in) - it makes no difference. Turn on your ohmmeter and touch one lead to each of the outer electrical contacts. Record the resistance reading - this is the resistance of the coil's primary winding. Note that some newer models of ignition coil have contact configurations that differ from this traditional arrangement. Consult your vehicle's manual for information if you are unsure which contacts correspond to the...


Снимите кожицу с ананаса. Порежьте ананас на небольшие кусочки. Измельчите кусочки ананаса. Выжмите лимонный сок. Добавьте сахар. Смешайте в кастрюле пектин с водой и доведите раствор до кипения. Смешайте пектин с ананасовой смесью.

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Before cutting into the pineapple, give it a rinse in the sink. Then, Peel a Pineapple by laying it on its side and cutting off the top and the very bottom. Set the pineapple upright and slice off the outside skin in strips. Slice the pineapple into small, 1 inch cubes. You don’t have to be precise, as you will be blending the pineapple. Just make sure that the pieces are small enough to put in a food processor or blender. Cut out any little knots or seeds that you may come across while cutting the pineapple. Drop the pineapple pieces into a blender or food processor. Blend until the pineapple reaches a smooth, somewhat pulpy consistency. Remove any seeds or rough pieces from the mixture. Wash the two lemons and cut them in half. Either in a lemon juicer or by hand, squeeze the lemon juice into the pineapple mixture. Stir with a spoon. Pour the five cups of sugar into the pineapple mixture. Stir thoroughly so that the sugar is fully incorporated into the pineapple and dissolves. Let the mixture sit for fifteen minutes or so. Combine one packet of pectin and one cup (240 ml) of water in a small saucepan, then bring the mixture to a boil on medium heat. Boil for one minute, then remove the saucepan from the stove.  Pectin is a fruit extract that helps to thicken and bind jams and jellies. Different varieties of pectin sometimes call for different amounts of water to be added. Check and follow the instructions on your packet if you are supposed to use a different amount of water than one cup. Pour the pectin into the pineapple mixture and stir for one minute. You should notice that the mixture has thickened considerably and has a more jam-like texture than before. The jam is now ready to be canned or to be eaten once it has cooled down!


Снимите кожицу с каждой дольки.

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Press the skin side of the plum firmly down against the chopping board. Carefully glide the knife as close to the skin as possible to remove the skin from the flesh.Compost the plum skin or use it in smoothies.


Снимите кожицу со свежего вымытого огурца и нарежьте его кружочками. Удалите жидкость с огуречных ломтиков. Приготовьте намазку из сливочного сыра. Распределите получившуюся смесь по поверхности обоих кусочков хлеба. Соберите сэндвич. Срежьте корочки и нарежьте сэндвич на маленькие кусочки.

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Traditionally, cucumber sandwiches use thin, crisp slices of cucumber with the dark green peel removed. Use a potato peeler or a small, sharp knife to shave off the peel. You can use thick slices or leave the peel on if you wish — it's up to you. The peel won't hurt you, but its texture is slightly tougher than the flesh of the cucumber. Drop the slices into a colander in the sink. Let them drain for about 10 minutes, then remove them to a plate and pat dry with a paper towel. Getting your cucumber slices as crisp and dry (on the outside) as possible is important for a good sandwich. Soft, wet slices of cucumber are exactly what you don't want — they'll leave you with a dull, soggy mess. In a small bowl, combine cream cheese, Worcestershire sauce, mayonnaise, garlic powder, and onion salt. Stir well until smooth and uniform. You can be as generous as you like with the spread. One of the nice things about putting the spread on both pieces of bread is that it traps the moisture from the cucumber slices in the middle of the sandwich so that they don't make the bread soggy. This is something you can do with many fat or oil-based spreads (like peanut butter). Lay down a few slices of cucumber on one of the pieces of bread. You can be generous here — you want a little cucumber in every bite. When you're done, lay the other piece of bread on top (spread facing down, of course). Congratulations — you just made your first cucumber sandwich! There's no "wrong" way to eat a cucumber sandwich, but in England, the sandwich is often eaten in small, crust-less squares, triangles, or fingers. Cut the sandwich how you wish (or leave it how it is) and serve immediately.  If you're serving guests, repeat the steps above for more sandwiches, working through your loaf of bread. If needed, make more spread or cut more cucumber slices. In the section below, you'll learn a few tips for "spicing up" the basic cucumber sandwich recipe. Use these variations as you wish — you may even want to try serving a platter with every different...


Снимите кожу и выньте косточку из спелого авокадо. Добавьте оливковое масло и мед. При желании добавьте 2–3 капли эфирного масла лаванды. Взбейте все вместе на высокой скорости. Нанесите маску на влажные волосы. Накройте волосы шапочкой для душа и нагревайте их в течение 15 минут. Смойте маску и вымойте волосы шампунем и кондиционером.

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Cut an avocado in half, then remove the pit. Scoop the flesh out with a spoon and place it into a bowl. Avocado is great in this mask because it contains fats and oils that help repair dry, brittle hair. Plan on needing ½ of an avocado for fine/short hair, a full avocado for longer/thicker hair, and more than 1 avocado for very long/thick/dry hair. You will need 2 tablespoons (30 milliliters) of olive oil and 2 tablespoons (45 grams) of honey. Olive oil and honey are both hydrating. While olive oil helps protect your hair against further damage, honey helps make it stronger. You can leave the essential oil out if you want to, but it will help give the mask a nice fragrance. It is also great for treating dandruff. You can do this using a stand mixer or a handheld mixer. Keep blending until the mask is light in color and smooth in texture. Get your hair wet first, then squeeze out the excess water. Apply the mask to your hair, starting from the ends. You can even massage the mask into your hair, if you want to. Don’t apply the mixture to your roots if your hair is fine. Stop the application a few inches away from the roots. Pull your hair up into a loose bun first, then cover it with a shower cap. Blow dry your hair for 15 minutes. If it is a warm, sunny day, you can sit out in the sun for 30 to 45 minutes instead. Rinse the mask out with lukewarm water first. Once your hair is clean, wash it with shampoo and conditioner as you normally would. You can repeat this treatment once per week, but no more than that.


Снимите колесо с велосипеда. С помощью монтажек снимите шину. Найдите место прокола. Пометьте прокол в камере.

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The first thing you should do for any flat is to remove the affected wheel. Check the side of the wheel at the center of the spokes. If you have a quick release (which looks like a small lever), flip it over and spin it counterclockwise to loosen. If, on the other hand, you see a nut, you will need a wrench to loosen it. After this, disconnect the brakes, move the brake pads out of the way, and remove the wheel. If you're dealing with the rear flat, you'll also have the chain and gears to deal with. Put slack in the chain by shifting into the smallest set of gears. Loosen the quick release or unscrew the nut holding the wheel in place as normal. If necessary, use your hands to pull back on the rear derailleur (the "arm" that the chain passes through containing the small pulleys) and/or maneuver the chain out of the way as you remove the wheel.    When you've successfully removed the flat wheel, take the outer tire off. To do this, it can be helpful to use a sturdy, non-metal prying tool. Bike shops sell small, specially-designed tools called tire levers for this purpose. Whether you use a tire lever or another tool, be careful not to pinch the tube and cause further damage as you work the tire away from the wheel. You can leave one lip of the tire over the wheel rim when you're done to make re-installation easier. Avoid using screwdrivers and butter knives to remove a tire. These are likely to damage the rim and may even puncture the tire. When the tire has been removed, pull the flat tube out from the tire and pinpoint the site of the puncture. This can be done in several ways — a few are listed below:  Inflating the tube 3 to 4 times its normal size and visually checking the surface of the rubber for holes     Listening for any hissing noises     Feeling for streams of air     Plunging the tube in a container of water and looking for bubbles    Flat-causing tire punctures can be surprisingly small. Once you've found one, you don't want to lose it! Use a piece of chalk to make a "+" or "x" that intersects at...


Снимите колпак. Снимите шплинт с гайки полуоси. Снимите гайку полуоси.

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Before so much as jacking up the vehicle, you need to remove the axle nut. Start by removing the hubcap for the respective wheel of the CV axle to be replaced. For vehicles with rims, you may simply have a cap at the center of the wheel rather than a hubcap. If your vehicle has a cotter pin securing the axle nut, you will need to remove it. The pin will resemble a bobby pin with the ends folded back to hold it in place.  You will need to use pliers to straighten the two bent ends of the cotter pin before you can remove it. If the pin is stuck, try spraying it the a penetrating lubricant from a hardware or automotive store. The lubricant should actually help with the axle nut as well. Once the cotter pin is out, you can remove the axle nut. The nut will take significant torque to remove, which is why it is much safer to remove the nut before jacking up the vehicle. Unfortunately, axle nuts do not have a standard size, and the socket size required will be different for different vehicles. The parts department at a certified dealership for your vehicle make should be able to tell you the exact size if you want to check before starting the project.


Снимите комки грязи. Рыхлую грязь снимите сухой щеткой. Смешайте одну часть пищевой соды с одной частью средства для стирки. Потрите резину чистящим раствором. Возьмите другую губку или тряпку и тщательно промойте резину. Полностью высушите обувь.

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If your shoes are particularly dirty, you may want to start by taking them outside and slapping them together to knock loose any large bits of dirt or mud. If you leave too much mud on the shoe, it will take a lot longer to get them clean.  Make sure to slap the shoes together outdoors so you don’t make a mess inside your house. You may even want to use a butter knife or key to scrape set mud out of grooves in the shoe. Before you begin scrubbing away at the rubber parts of your shoes, start by brushing or even scraping off any loose dirt that’s stuck to it. The more you remove with a dry brush, the less mess you’ll have to deal with once you create your cleaning solution.  Don’t worry about scrubbing too much, if the dirt doesn’t come free quickly, it will once you begin using the cleaning solution. Use a dry brush like a toothbrush, but avoid steel bristle brushes that may damage the rubber soles of your shoes. Depending on how much you need to clean, you likely won’t need much baking soda or laundry detergent. Begin by mixing a tablespoon of each in a small bowl thoroughly. You can always add more of each ingredient if you find you haven’t made enough.  The baking soda will act as an abrasive to help the soap remove dirt and grime. Avoid using laundry detergents with bleaching agents. Use your brush to apply the combination of baking soda and laundry detergent to the rubber portion of your shoes, then scrub it in. Using a circular motion with the brush is often the most effective way to remove dirt and grime.  You may want to avoid using this cleaning combination on the fabric of your shoes, as the baking soda may be difficult to thoroughly rinse off. You can make a separate mixture of just detergent and water to clean cloth portions of your shoes. Once you’ve adequately scrubbed the cleaning combination into the rubber soles of your shoes, take another clean cloth or sponge and soak it in clean water. Run it along the rubber, rinsing it with each pass until all of the mixture has been rinsed away.. ...


Снимите контактные линзы. Промывайте глаза прохладной водой в течение не менее 15 минут. Проверьте зрение и убедитесь, что роговица не повреждена. Немедленно свяжитесь с врачом.

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If you wear contact lenses and can easily remove them, do so immediately. Once they’re out, begin flushing your eyes. If you have trouble taking your lenses out, get help from someone you trust nearby or a responding medical professional. Rinse your hands well to ensure they’re free of hydrogen peroxide solution. Cup them under running cool water and continuously flush your eyes for 15 to 20 minutes. Try taking a cool shower to flush your eyes if you have difficulty doing so with a faucet and sink. You can also try flushing your eyes with a .9 % saline solution. If you have a bottle of saline solution on hand, check its label to find out its concentration. Once your eyes have recovered from the water or saline flush your eyes, make sure your vision isn’t impaired in any way. Seek medical attention if you experience any unusual blurriness or obstructions in your visual field. Have someone check your eyes for surface abrasions or deformities, and seek emergency care if you show these or any other signs of damage. If your eyes were exposed to hydrogen peroxide at any concentration, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. If you were exposed to a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide, you should contact emergency services immediately as it can rapidly cause cornea burns. If you experience changes in your vision or have signs of abrasion or damage, have someone take you to an emergency room. Follow up with an appointment with your ophthalmologist, or eye doctor, if you have one.


Снимите кору. На бревне нарисуйте схему. Сделайте плоское дно для каноэ. Переверните бревно. Сделайте плоский верх для своего каноэ. Вырежьте передний и задний концы. Вырежьте центральную часть.

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Use whatever tool feels most comfortable to you. A shovel might be your best bet for removing large sections of bark quickly. Or you can use an axe or an adz to chip away the bark which should easily break off. Bark scraps make good kindling for fires. Keep them if you plan on camping or making fires. Using a pencil, draw along the sides just how your want your ends to taper. On the top of your log draw where the ends taper and mark where the center of the boat will be. The center outline will look a bit like an oval. If you suspect it could rain and wash away your outline, consider lightly chiseling in your outline, using a small chisel and hammer. Make perpendicular cuts across the length of the log. You'll then use a chainsaw, adz, or axe to split out all the sections between the cuts. You'll want to have help and some rope to carefully roll the flat bottom onto the ground. You should now see a rounded part at the top. Again, make perpendicular cuts across the length of the log and then split out all the sections between the cuts. Don't go too deep, since you'll be cutting into the sides of your canoe. You can use either a chainsaw to crudely remove large chunks of wood, or you can use an axe or ads to chop away as much wood as you lik. Usually, the ends are tapered into points. This allows your canoe to move in either direction. Look to your outline and leave at least 5/8" to 1" on the sides. Be careful to stop at least 2" to 3" from the bottom of the log. This will prevent you from accidentally cutting holes into your canoe. While it might seem like you're cutting out too much wood, you need to in order to reduce the weight of your canoe. Removing the bulk of the wood will help its buoyancy.


Снимите крышку и помойте ее. Достаньте фильтр и отложите его в сторону. Достаньте и помойте воронку.

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Take the lid off the pitcher and wash it in the sink with hot water and your basic dishwashing detergent. Wipe it down with a washcloth or sponge, making sure to get into the crevices of the lid as best as you can. For pitchers with electronics in the lid, be sure to not submerge them in water. For Brita pitchers that feature a chrome lid, mix one teaspoon of vinegar into a cup of warm water and gently wipe the lid down with a soft cloth dipped in the water. The filter does not need to be washed, but rinse it off with warm water if you want to. Set the filter on a clean surface so you don't contaminate it. Take the water reservoir out of the pitcher, if it has one, and put it in the sink. Using a mild dish detergent and warm water, wipe the reservoir down with a soft cloth. Be sure to wipe the inside and outside of the reservoir, as well as the cradle where the filter sits.


Снимите крышку с прибора. Соскребите остатки присохшего риса. Протрите внутреннюю поверхность рисоварки влажной тканью. Готово.

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This will both lower the internal temperature of the appliance and give you a head start when it comes time to clean up. As heat continues to escape, it will dry out the sticky residue left behind in the cooker. Afterwards, it can be scraped away with little difficulty.  Don’t handle the rice cooker while it’s still hot. Wait until it has completely cooled off before attempting to clean it.  By the time you’re finished with your meal, the rice cooker will be cool enough to clean. Run the edge of a spatula (or simply use your fingers) along the walls and bottom of the cooker to dislodge crusty rice remnants. Dump these directly into the trash or down the garbage disposal. Take off as much as you can by hand—all that will be left to do then is give the cooker a good wipe-down.  Rice cookers are usually coated in a slick nonstick finish that makes them a snap to clean. Again, stay away from sharp or abrasive tools and scrubbers. The effectiveness of these types of items isn’t worth risking the damage they may do. Wet the cloth with warm water to help dissolve stuck-on starch. Any lingering film or loose particles should come right off. Let the interior of the cooker air dry, then replace the lid and stash it away until the next time you need it.  If you need a heavy-duty solution for bigger messes, scrub the cooker with a soft-bristled dish brush or the green side of a kitchen sponge.  To be on the safe side, unplug the rice cooker before applying water anywhere in or around it.


Снимите крышку. Открутите винты, которыми розетка крепится к стакану. Вставьте специальную распорку для розетки достаточной глубины. Закрепите розетку вместе со вставками, не затягивая винты.

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The cover can be removed by loosening the screws securing it to the outlet. There will either be one screw in the center, or two screws on the top and bottom of the outlet cover. Place the outlet cover and the screws aside. There will be two long mounting screws securing the electrical outlet to the blue electrical box. Remove them so you can insert the outlet extenders. Since the tile adds additional depth from the wall, the original outlet location will be sunken back from the tile surface. You can use either accordion-style or box-style outlet spacers to raise the outlet flush with the tile.  The accordion design spacers fold over with 1/8” added for each segment. If the depth of your new tile is 5/8” thick, then you can add five segments to raise the outlet 5/8”.  An outlet box extender is a rectangular ring that fits over and behind the outlet to add additional space between the original outlet box and the outlet. Regardless of which type of extender you use, the design has a hole, so you can feed the mounting screw through the extender and back into the outlet box. You won’t tighten it down until after you place your tile. This will also allow you to test if your current screws are long enough to reattach the outlet with the extender in place. You may have to purchase longer screws.


Снимите лак. Отрежьте небольшой кусочек скотча и придайте ему форму ногтя. Наложите скотч на ноготь. Выровняйте края. Нанесите слой лака. Снимите скотч.

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First remove any nail polish you may be wearing so you can better see the extent of the break and proceed in fixing it. The type of nail polish remover you use will depend upon the kind of nail polish you are wearing. For example, if you’re wearing really dark polish or glitter, you’ll need an acetone remover. Dampen a cotton ball, pad or cloth with the remover and wipe in the direction of the break so it doesn’t snag and get worse. A note on acetone nail polish remover: In general, acetone removers should not be used on natural nails because it will dry them out, causing them to break more easily. They also shouldn’t be used on acrylics or other types of artificial nails. Use small nail or sewing scissors, if you have them, to cut a piece of scotch tape that is just larger than your nail bed. Now cut that piece into the shape of your nail bed. You might find it easier if you hold the tape with a pair of tweezers. Your shaped piece of tape likely won’t be perfect. It’s better, in fact, for it to be a bit smaller and not touch your cuticle and the skin on the sides of your nail than for it to be too large. It’s also better for it to be a little long and hang over the end of your nail at this point. Using either your fingers or a pair of tweezers, place the piece of shaped tape on your nail bed. Use the pad of another finger to press it into place before gently smoothing it out to get rid of any air bubbles or wrinkles. Using your scissors or a pair of nail clippers, trim off some of the excess tape at the top of your nail. Next use a nail file with a fine grit and file the top lightly, in the direction of the break, to even out the tape with the tip of your nail. Run your fingernail under cool water to get rid of any excess dust or material and pat dry with a clean cloth. This step isn’t necessary but recommended, especially if you don’t plan to do a more permanent nail repair. Apply 1-2 layers of nail polish, nail strengthening polish or a base coat to the nail. Make sure you wait 2 minutes between...


Снимите лицевую панель для доступа к фильтру. Промойте фильтр. Просушите фильтр и установите на место. Замените изношенный фильтр.

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Turn the unit off and disconnect the power cord before removing the front panel. Your air conditioner’s front panel is secured with screws or tabs. Remove the panel, locate the filter, and pull it out of its slot. Depending on your model, you’ll either pull the filter up or slide it down out of its slot. Check your manual for specific information about how to remove your front panel and filter. Rinse the filter under running warm water. Use a vacuum hose attachment to clean the filter if it’s caked with dirt or grime. It’s best to clean your filter at least once a month. Clean it more often if you live in a dusty environment or have pets. Shake off excess water and pat the filter with a dry towel. Let it sit out until it’s completely dry. When it’s dry, put the filter back into its slot and replace the unit’s front panel. Never run an air conditioner with a wet filter or without a filter. If your filter is worn or torn, you should replace it. If the filter is designed specifically for your unit, identify your model number and order a new one online or from your unit’s manufacturer. If your unit has a universal foam filter, you can purchase a cut-to-fit air conditioner filter online or at your local home improvement store.


Снимите лицевую панель. Снимите нижнюю решетку. Снимите верхнюю решетку.

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Turn the Xbox upside down, place your finger in the hole, and pull forward. A good tug will be necessary. There are six tabs, hidden behind the venting holes on the white side, which hold this piece on. Using your case opening tool or small screwdriver, pop these tabs one at a time and slowly remove the lower grill. Start at the front end, where the faceplate is located, as this will have a good place to grasp the grill to lift it as you go. First, pull off the hard drive if you haven’t already. You will notice that the grill on this side is not flat. You will need to pop the two tabs which are located along the ledge first. Then pop the two tabs which are visible on the sides, much like the lower grill. The final tab is hidden under one of the rubber feet. This tab has a seal, which will indicate to Microsoft that you have broken your warranty.


Снимите маску. Плюньте в маску. Промойте маску.

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This method is a good one to try if you're out diving and you don't have access to the other methods. If you notice your mask is fogging, take it off when you're at the surface to fix it. Gather as much spit as you can, and deliver it to the inside of your mask. It may sound gross, but experienced divers swear by this trick. The spit acts as a surfactant, which means it's harder for water to form on the surface. Rub the spit around on the inside of the mask. This method works best on a dry mask, just like the others, so dry off the inside if you can. The best way to dry it off is to use a towel off the boat you're diving from. Just like with the other defogging methods, you still need to rinse your spit out. Simply dip it into the water nearby, and swish it around. Pour the water out, and put your mask back on.


Снимите мерки. Выберите ткань и купите все необходимое. Перенесите выкройку на ткань и вырежьте ее. Обметайте край воротника и низ плаща и пришейте липучку.

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Measure yourself in three places: while wearing shoes or boots, measure the distance from the nape or your neck to the floor; stretch your arms to the side and measure the distance between your finger tips; and measure the circumference of your neck at its base. Bring them with you when you go to the fabric store, and ask someone to help you determine how much fabric you need to purchase.  Allow yourself extra fabric, about 2.5-3 inches on two sides, for hemming. Fabric is usually sold by the yard. You can find patterns for a basic super hero cape online or at a fabric store. If you don't know how to use a sewing machine, there are a variety of cape designs available for different skill levels. Additionally, Darth Vader's cape is different from a standard super hero cape in that it doesn't "swoosh". You want to use heavy fabric to weigh the cape down. For a basic cape design, you will need:  At least 1 yard heavy black fabric (this is to make a child's costume, adults will need more based on height and weight) At least 1 yard additional fabric if you decide to include a lining. Pattern paper All-purpose black thread 2-3 inches of velcro Erasable fabric marking pen or chalk Sewing machine Using chalk or an erasable fabric marking pen, transfer the pattern from the paper onto the fabric. Adjust the pattern to accommodate your measurements (height from nape of neck to floor, and width of outstretched arms). Measure the width at the base of your neck to determine the collar size, adding several extra inches for comfort. When finished, cut-out the fabric.  Repeat this step if you want to add a lining to your cape. Alternatively, you can draw, cut-out, and then sew two semi-circles together. Fold the fabric in half and pin together. Double your neck-to-floor measurement and mark it on the fabric, leaving about 2 inches from the base of the semi-circle to the edge of the material. Use a piece of chalk attached to a string to draw a perfect arch. Cut the material out. In the center, draw and cut-out a smaller...


Снимите мерки. Нарисуйте схему объекта. Решите, какую технику использовать. Продумайте дизайн произведения. Создайте вязаное граффити.

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Visit the object you plan to yarn bomb and use a cloth tape measure to determine the dimensions of that object. You will need precise measurements to create a snug piece.  For large objects, you need to measure the width, height, and depth of the object. If the object is round, you will need to measure the circumference instead of the depth. Measure each part of the object that will be included in the yarn bomb. For instance, if you are yarn bombing a tree, measure the trunk and all of the branches you plan to use, as well as the spaces in between branches. You will also need to measure parts along the same trunk or branch where the circumference varies. Make sure that you are using a fabric measuring tape as you take your measurements. This type of measuring tape gives you greater flexibility when you measure oddly shaped objects. Sketch out the object on a sheet of paper and mark down the appropriate dimensions in the appropriate places. You can use this diagram to help you plan out how many pieces you'll need for the final work and how those pieces will fit together.  Some people find it easiest to collect the measurements before making the diagram, while others may find it easier to make the diagram first and mark the measurements down later. Work in whichever order makes sense to you. It might help to make several copies of your diagram. Doing so will allow you to sketch different design ideas without ruining or obscuring your measurements. As noted elsewhere in this article, knit and crochet pieces are the most common, but you can actually use any technique that allows you to work with yarn. Simply choose whichever technique appeals to you most.  If you are yarn bombing a three-dimensional object, like a tree, street sign, stone, or statue, it will be easiest to crochet or knit the piece. If you are yarn bombing something with a wire grid, like a fence or park bench, cross stitch and latch hook techniques will work best. Once you have the technical stuff figured out, you will need to figure out the...


Снимите мерки. Решите, моделью какого типа вы хотите стать. Вам нужны профессионально выполненные фотографии. Создайте визитную карточку модели. Создайте портфолио в печатном и электронном виде.

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Since most modeling jobs have particular types of models in mind, you should have a clear understanding of your own physical attributes. If you’re a woman, measure your chest, waist, and hips, and verify your height and weight. If you’re man, measure your shoulders, waist, and inseam, as well as your height and weight. Keep track of these measurements over time, especially if you’re a younger model. Men in particular continue to add height into their early 20s. As art comes in many forms, there is a wide range of modeling options. Your headshots and portfolio should emphasize your physical attributes and personality, based on the type of modeling jobs that you want to pursue.  If you’re interested in becoming a fashion model, the most exclusive type, the physical standards are quite strict. For example, female models must be “fashion-industry size-standard”, which means you must be  5’9” to 6” tall, have measurements of 34-24-24, wear clothing size 0-4, and weigh between 105-130 pounds, proportional to your height. An “alternative” or “alt” model, on the other hand may not fit the industry standard. Many have tattoos and piercings, as well as atypical hairstyles. Catalog models can be a range of sizes and shapes as well, depending on the clothing designer and retailer. Find a reputable photographer who specializes either in model photography or in headshots. Make sure that you have access to the negatives, too,so that you can build your own composite card and portfolio. Ask the photograph to help you to keep them simple and natural. Modeling agencies and clients are looking for confident models who seem relaxed in front of the camera, not potentially awkward poses or false “glamour.” A composite is an important marketing tool, much like a business card, that agencies and clients will keep as a reference for you.  It consists of a single page, often a 5x7 card, and sometimes a full 8.5x11 sheet, that has your headshot on one side and several photos with your vital statistics (physical characteristics and...


Снимите накладные пряди. Если требуется, расчешите пряди. Приготовьте емкость для мытья. Погрузите накладные пряди в воду. Намыльте пряди шампунем. Сполосните накладные пряди теплой водой. Обработайте пряди кондиционером. Дайте накладным прядям высохнуть самостоятельно.

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One of the advantages of clip-in extensions is that they are temporary and easy to both apply and remove at home. Removing your extensions will make washing them much easier. Be sure to always remove your clip-ins before showering or swimming. Sometimes the metal used in the clips can rust or otherwise be damaged by water. Just like your natural hair, it's best to detangle extensions before washing them. Gently run a wide-tooth comb to remove any knots. Start at the extension's clip and end at the hair tip. Hair extensions are prone to drying and may need extra care if tangling occurs. If you cannot remove the tangles with the extension dry, try wetting it with detangling spray and trying again. If you still have a stubborn knot, try wetting the hair completely and adding conditioner before combing. Fill up a clean bathroom sink or a small plastic tub with warm water. Avoid using hot water, as this can damage your extensions. However, keep in mind that too-cold water will not effectively rinse grime and shampoo from the extensions. Hold the extension by the clip and dip it into the basin. Avoid getting water on the clip. Run a wide-tooth comb through the hair to make sure it has been evenly wetted. Select a shampoo that is gentle, moisturizing, and free of sulfates. Lather a dollop of shampoo and work it into the hair from just under the clip to the tips. Try not to create tangles, but use the wide-tooth comb again if needed. Lather the extension just like you would washing your own hair. The major difference is the hair in the extension is likely to be much dryer and delicate than your natural hair. Make sure it is soaked through before working in the shampoo to keep in from tangling. Start by dipping the extension back into the basin. Gently squeeze the extension from clip to tip while submerged. Then, delicately run the extension under warm water from the faucet. Use a light-weight moisturizing conditioner. Massage in a dollop of conditioner, focusing on the center of the hair and working up and down....


Снимите налипшие комочки туши бумажным полотенцем. Намочите кисть в горячей воде, чтобы смыть засохшую тушь. Отмочите кисть в изопропиловом спирте. Воспользуйтесь ватной палочкой, чтобы очистить область входа кисти в тюбик. Полностью просушите щетинки, прежде чем вставить кисть обратно в тюбик.

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You may not need too much elbow grease to clean your brush if you do a little maintenance. Inspect your brush once a week to check for dried mascara clumps. Gently grip the bristles in the fold of a paper towel and wiggle it back and forth. This loosens the clumps and also spreads the bristles apart. Put very hot (but not boiling--it may melt the plastic) water in a cup and allow your wand to soak for about five minutes. The brush should begin releasing clumps of mascara and the water will turn cloudy and gray or black.  Pour out the dirty water and reuse the cup to continue cleaning your brush. If the mascara is waterproof or water resistant, use a cup of makeup remover instead of water. Pour isopropyl (or rubbing) alcohol into the cup and allow your mascara wand to soak. You should see more product dislodging from the brush. Soak for about one minute. If the brush still doesn't look clean, soak your brush for another minute and see if any more product is released. The little plastic handle on the end of your wand may have gunk built up from the sides of your mascara tube. Insert the end of a cotton swab and run it over the threaded part of the handle that screws into the mascara tube and seals it.  Dampen the swab with a little bit of water first. This will keep fibers from sticking to the tube. Removing the build-up from this part of the wand may help you get a better seal when you twist it closed on your mascara tube and may keep your mascara from drying out, giving it a longer life. Any lingering water or alcohol might dry out your mascara, so you want to make sure it's thoroughly dried. Use a paper towel to gently pat the bristles dry.  Let the brush air dry for 10 minutes after patting it dry. If you don't want your mascara to dry out in the meantime, cover the top with foil or plastic wrap. If your hands are clean, you can run your thumb over the bristles to feel if they are still wet. You may see little droplets of water fly off the brush if it is not completely dry, and you should continue to dab...


Снимите напряжение с уже имеющихся пролежней. Чаще меняйте положение. Будьте как можно активнее. Используйте опорные поверхности и защитную набивку. Поддерживайте нормальную циркуляцию крови. Выбирайте удобную одежду. Чаще меняйте постельное белье. Смягчайте боль с помощью ибупрофена.

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If you have a sore that has developed, reposition the body and make sure you stay off that sore spot for at least 2-3 days. If the sore does not go away, check with your doctor to consider additional treatment options. If you are confined to a bed or wheelchair, you need to reposition your body frequently throughout the day to relieve existing pressure on sores and to prevent bedsores from developing. Reposition the body every 2 hours in a bed or every hour in a wheelchair. This will relieve pressure that builds up on certain areas, which will help bedsores from getting worse. If you're in a wheelchair, you might use cushions to change your position. The cushions can prop you up at different angles to redistribute your weight onto another pressure point. Additionally, it's best for you to spend some time everyday lying in your bed or on the couch to minimize your time in the same position. Even though someone who is bed bound or wheelchair-bound may not be very active, their body can still be moved around. This will prevent pressure from building up in certain areas and will increase blood flow through the body. Activity can also improve mental health, a crucial component in maintaining your overall health. The key to reducing risk of bedsores is to reduce pressure that builds up on particular parts of the body. Use special cushions that are made of foam or filled with air or water can be useful. Similarly, protective padding may help, especially between knees or under the head or elbows. Some support products such as doughnut-type products might actually increase the risk of developing bedsores. You can avoid this by switching out what type of product you are using to change up your pressure points. Check with your doctor to determine which products are best for you. Bedsores develop in part from inadequate blood flow to the skin areas. When pressure is applied to the skin, blood vessels are restricted from doing their job. Maintain good blood flow by drinking lots of water, not smoking, and repositioning...


Снимите носочки для пилинга. Сполосните ноги теплой водой. Подождите несколько дней, пока кожа не начнет шелушиться.

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When the hour is up, take off your regular socks. Next, carefully slip off the peel booties and discard in the trash. Rub the residue on your feet into the skin. While your feet will have absorbed some of the peel ingredients, there will still be residue on your skin, which can be very slippery. Take off the booties are close to the location where you plan to wash your feet as possible to avoid falling. After you’ve taken off the booties, remove the remaining residue from your skin by rinsing your feet in warm water. You can take a shower or bath, or use a damp cloth to wipe them off. You won’t see the results from the peel right away. It typically takes between two and three days for your feet to start peeling, though it may take as many as six. The skin will slough off itself, but you can rub your feet with a loofah or washcloth if you prefer to help exfoliate.  If your feet aren’t peeling by the third or fourth day after the peel, soak them in warm water for 15 to 20 minutes to help jump start the process. While you’re waiting for your feel to peel and even after they start peeling, don’t moisturize them with foot cream or body lotion. That may stop the peeling.


Снимите обертку с кекса. Возьмите кекс и откусите от него большой кусок. Продолжайте кусать, пока не съедите весь кекс. Намажьте масло, глазурь или другие наполнители на кекс.

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The paper cup, when unwrapped and placed flat, can help keep any crumbs from spilling elsewhere. Think of eating the muffin in this fashion as similar to eating a piece of fruit, such as an apple or pear. This method can be particularly messy, so make sure you have a plate or napkin handy to catch any crumbs.  Eating the muffin whole is the wildcard of methods! A muffin that is too large, too dry or too crumbly can make eating a muffin whole quite the spectacle. Consider saving this method for the home or around friends to avoid unnecessary stares and creating a mess for someone. Placing a spread on the top of a muffin can be a little awkward, and you may find your hands getting a little messy when eating the muffin in this fashion, so be careful.


Снимите обертку с кекса. Держите кекс боковой или верхней частью вниз. Съешьте верхнюю часть кекса.

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The paper cup, when unwrapped and placed flat, can help keep any crumbs from spilling elsewhere. Eat the muffin bottom first, similar as to how you would eat an apple.  This method tends to be rather clean, as the bottom part of the muffin can often be eaten in one bite, leaving the top behind. Consider this method if you are on the move, but also wish to respect the cleanliness of your surroundings. You may eat plain, or spread an icing or butter on the muffin top.  Unlike when you remove the top first, you'll find that this method typically produces less crumbs, since you aren't picking it apart with your fingers - most of it will end up in your mouth! Bear in mind that this method, along with eating the muffin whole, can appear somewhat uncouth depending on the size of the muffin. Assess the social situation first!


Снимите обертку с кекса. Положите кекс без обертки на салфетку или тарелку для микроволновой печи. Поставьте кекс в микроволновую печь. Нагревайте кекс в течение 30 секунд. Наслаждайтесь кексом. Подогрейте кекс в духовке или тостере.

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Do not heat a muffin while it's still in the wrapper, as the wrapper may overheat or catch fire. Tupperware or other plastic containers may also be used, but make sure they are microwave safe and not prone to warping. Make sure the surface the muffin rests on is microwave safe. Individual microwave settings may vary. If you aren't sure that 30 seconds is appropriate, check the muffin every 15 seconds it is in the microwave. If reheating multiple muffins, you will need to increase the time spent microwaving for each additional muffin. Thirty seconds for each muffin is a good start. It should be warm and soft if reheated correctly. Muffins can also be reheated in conventional ovens and toaster ovens.  For conventional and toaster ovens, wrap the muffins in foil and toast them at 350 °F (177 °C) for 10 to 15 minutes. Muffins may also be cut in half and toasted with a little butter applied to each side. This helps ensure muffins do not dry out with reheating. You may wrap each side of the muffin with foil and toast at 350 °F (177 °C) for 10 to 15 minutes. Muffins may take less time to heat up, pending on your device's settings, so check on the muffins every 5 minutes if uncertain.


Снимите обувь и все аксессуары для волос, которые могут повлиять на результаты измерения. Встаньте спиной к стене на пол, не покрытый ковром. Приставьте книгу под прямым углом к стене над своей головой. Сдвигайте предмет вниз вдоль стены, пока он не коснется вашей головы. Отметьте карандашом место, в котором нижний край предмета, используемого вами для измерения, касается стены.

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You’ll be measuring from the crown of your head, so let down your hair from any high ponytails or braids that might boost your height. Also take off your shoes, which can add several inches to your height depending on the style. If you're wearing thick socks, remove those as well. Your feet should be together and flat on the floor. Your heels should also be flush against the wall. It’s easiest to have another person measure your height, but you can also do this alone.  Do not stand on a carpet or a rug, which will sink a bit when you stand on it and may affect your measurement. Also avoid walls with molding or radiators along the bottom, which will make it impossible for you to stand fully flush against the wall. You can also use another common household item that is flat and firm—for example, a cutting board or a cardboard box. If you have a partner, have them hold the headpiece. If you are measuring alone, it may be easier to use an aerosol can such as a shaving cream can or air freshener. Press the bottom flat against the wall, which will ensure a right angle. Regardless of what item you are using to measure, it should be firmly in contact with the crown of your head. Make sure it stays at a right angle with the wall as you or your partner move it down to touch your head. If you have a partner, they should do this while you’re still standing against the wall. If you’re alone, hold the headpiece in place while you turn and mark the location. Use a pencil so you can erase the mark from the wall when you’re done.


Снимите обувь при входе в храм. Обойдите храм по кругу. Ведите себя почтительно перед статуями.

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Most temples will have a space designated for your shoes: usually a series of cubby-holes along one of the temple’s exterior walls. Removing shoes shows respect for the temple and the deity statues within. This is not optional: removing shoes, sandals, or any other footwear is a mandatory rule of every Hindu temple. Socks are fine, you can keep wearing them. However, if the temple floor is made of marble or any other slippery stone, you want to remove socks so you don’t fall. Traditionally, upon entering a Hindu temple, you’ll see an array of deities and statues arranged around the temple walls. Begin with the deity on your left. From there, continue to walk through the temple in a clockwise direction, pausing before each deity you come across.  Many temples have separate queues for men and women, and you will have to follow it accordingly. If you’d like to know ahead of time if there are separate queues for each gender, you can call the temple and ask in advance. When you finally get to see the statue closely, you may join the palms of your hands near the heart into a “namaskara” (a traditional pose) and bow. This is the minimum act you should perform in front of each statue as a respectful gesture. Practicing Hindus will often bow or fully prostrate themselves in front of statues as a sign of respect and reverence. If you feel comfortable, you can prostrate yourself as well, although it’s not required.


Снимите обувь. Лягте на удобный диван или кровать. Приподнимите ноги на подушке до уровня сердца. В течение дня поднимайте ноги на 20 минут. Ставьте ноги на подставку для ног, когда сидите. Прикладывайте лед, если холод не вызывает у вас дискомфорта.

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Take off your shoes and socks before elevating your feet. Shoes can cause blood to pool in your feet and encourage swelling. Socks can do this too, particularly if they are tight around the ankle. Give your toes a quick wiggle to get your blood flowing. Stretch your body out on a long couch or bed, lying on your back. Make sure you have lots of room and that you don’t feel you’re going to roll off the couch. Prop up your back and neck with a pillow or two if it makes you feel more comfortable. Avoid lying flat on your back if you are pregnant and past the first trimester. Your uterus can put too much pressure on a central artery, actually suppressing blood flow, which is the opposite of what you want to do. Place a couple of pillows behind your back so you are propped up at a 45-degree angle. Place pillows underneath your feet and ankles to elevate them. Stack as many as necessary to elevate your feet to the level of your heart. Raising your feet to heart level will help drain pooled blood from your feet and make it easier for your heart to increase circulation. You may be most comfortable putting a pillow or two underneath your calves as well to support your elevated feet. Regular 20 minute intervals of elevation should reduce the swelling. You can use this opportunity to catch up on email, watch a movie, or accomplish other tasks that don’t require you to stand.  If you have an injury, such as a sprained ankle, you’ll want to elevate your foot more often. Try to have your foot elevated for a total of 2-3 hours each day.  If you find that your foot swelling doesn’t go down by using this routine for a few days, you should make an appointment with your doctor. Even slight elevation will reduce everyday swelling. Use an ottoman or footstool to lift your feet off the ground whenever possible while seated. Raising your feet will increase blood circulation. You can purchase a small footstool for under your desk if you spend lots of time sitting at work. Use an ice pack wrapped in a tea towel to ice your elevated...


Снимите одежду и нижнее белье. Присядьте на корточки. Найдите место с двумя предметами, находящимися рядом. Используйте бутылку с широким горлышком. После того, как вы пописаете, вытирайтесь туалетной бумагой или салфеткой.

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Not only are wet clothes uncomfortable, but staying wet can lead to infections. Once you have gotten your skirt, dress, shorts, or pants out of the way, pull your underwear down until it is half-way down your thighs.  If you are wearing a skirt or a dress, pull it up by the hem until it is at waist level. If the dress or skirt is full, with a lot of fabric, bunch everything up in front of you. There should be no fabric hanging behind you. If you are wearing shorts or pants, unbutton and unzip them first. Then, pull them half-way down your thighs. Do not let them go past your knees, or they may get wet. It may also be a good idea to roll up the cuffs of long pants. Place your feet a little more than shoulder-width apart and squat down. Keep your balance by leaning forward. This will put your privates behind your underwear and pants/shorts (if you are wearing any).  If you are having trouble keeping your balance, try to touch the ground in front of you with one hand. Use your hand to hold shorts or pants close to your knees. This will help keep them from getting wet. Grip tightly onto a tree trunk. Your feet should be at the base of the trunk. Like the throne technique, this is also good for young children. This one is great for parents/guardians taking recently potty trained children on outdoor adventures, as they can be in a similar position as they would be on the toilet. For this, you will need to slide your underwear and shorts/pants all the way down to your ankles. Kneel down on the ground and place the bottle between your legs. Eliminate into the bottle. You can also hold it up to your urethra if you prefer. Be sure to label the bottle, and not use it for any other purpose. If you do not dry yourself, you may get an infection. You can use baby wipes, tissue, toilet paper, or even a "pee rag."  If you are using baby wipes, tissue, or toilet paper, do not leave it on the ground. Put the used paper into a plastic bag, and throw the bag away once you find a trashcan. If you are using baby wipes, or any other...


Снимите одежду или украшения, на которые попал уксус. Подержите ожог под струей прохладной воды в течение 20 минут. Промывайте глаза на протяжении 20 минут под струей воды комнатной температуры. Не используйте молоко или другие жидкости, чтобы промыть ожог.

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Gently take off any clothes or jewelry near the burned skin. Try not to pull clothes over the burned area to keep from irritating your skin further. Turn the faucet on so the stream of water is gentle rather than strong. Rinse the burned area under the cool running water to remove any traces of vinegar and soothe your inflamed skin. Do not rub or scrub your burn as you rinse. Avoid using soap on your burn. Remove your glasses or contact lenses if you've gotten vinegar in your eyes. Blink your eyes under a gentle stream of room-temperature water for 20 minutes. If your child has gotten vinegar in their eyes, gently pour the water over the bridge of their nose and encourage blinking. Then, flush their eyes with room-temperature water for 20 minutes in a tub, shower or sink. Use only clean, fresh water to cleanse burns. Other liquids may further irritate burned skin rather than soothing it.


Снимите отслаивающуюся кору. Наденьте защитное снаряжение. Сделайте надрез по окружности ствола. Выполните второй надрез по окружности ствола. Нанесите гербицид. Ждите.

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Girdling is a method for killing a tree by interrupting the flow of sap between the roots and crown of the tree. You can girdle a tree with or without the use of herbicides to speed the process along. Girdling is the easiest and most popular method for killing a tree without chemicals or herbicides, but the tree will take many months to die from the process. Start by pulling away any loose bark that gives you easier access to the trunk. You should clear the bark in a band approximately 4–5 inches (10–13 cm) wide. The height where you girdle the tree is flexible, so choose a level at which you’re comfortable working around the trunk and making cuts. You have a wide variety of choices when it comes to how you make the cuts. You can use a chainsaw, an axe, a hatchet, or even a wood chisel for very thin-barked trees. Take the proper safety precautions for the cutting tool you use, including protective eyewear. The depth of the cut you need to make depends on the thickness of the tree. For very thin trees, you can make the cut around 1⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) into the wood whereas large, sturdy trees require a depth of 1–1 1⁄2 inches (2.5–3.8 cm). Try to make the band as level as possible as you move around the tree. To girdle the tree effectively, you will need a second band. The distance apart between the two bands should be roughly 2–4 inches (5.1–10.2 cm). Make the second cut to the same depth as the first cut. If you’re using an axe or a hatchet where it’s more difficult to make exact horizontal cuts, then you can cut a groove into the tree instead. To make the groove, make one downward-angled cut followed by one upward-angled cut where the two cuts meet in the middle. For small trees, this groove around the circumferences can be as small as 2 inches (5.1 cm) wide, whereas the groove should be roughly 6–8 inches (15–20 cm) wide on large trees. Make the groove to the same depth as you would the two bands. If you choose to use herbicide, you’ll want to apply it to the cuts in the tree within five or ten minutes of...


Снимите переднее колесо. Прикрепите колеса и раму замком к неподвижным предметам. Обезопасьте переднее колесо (если оно не отсоединяется). Перед тем как оставлять велосипед, заберите с собой или спрячьте запчасти и личные вещи. Обезопасьте седло с помощью длинного троса.

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If your bike has a quick-release front wheel, remove it and place it next to the rear wheel for locking. If you can't remove your front wheel, or your U lock is not large enough to encompass both wheels, secure the rear wheel then continue reading for alternatives. Using a "D" or "U" lock, secure the back end of your bike to another object. Place the "U" section of your lock around the rim of your rear wheel, your unattached front wheel, your rear frame, and the immovable object, then attach the straight bar to ends of the "U" to lock it.  See Using Decent Locks for advice on U locks, and Selecting a Lock Location for how to select an object to secure your bike to. If your U lock is too small to fit around every object, use it on just the rear wheel and stationary object but place it "inside" the triangle made by the three rear sections of the bike's frame. This makes it impossible to pull the frame away from the wheel. This is usually enough to deter a thief, since he would have to destroy the valuable rear wheel to take the bike.  Do not attach your U-lock to the crossbar (or "top tube") of the bike. This is the horizontal or down-sloping bar between the seat and the handlebars. This makes it easy for thieves to use the bike frame as leverage to attempt to break the lock. The front wheel is less valuable than the rear, but some level of security should still be used or even an opportunistic passerby could steal the wheel.  You can loop a cable lock around the front wheel and the bike frame, and optionally around the rear wheel as well if the cable is long enough. Lock the cable together using its built in lock or a padlock. For greater security, use a second U-lock instead to secure the front wheel to its frame. Bags, baskets, lights, reflectors, bells, and anything else that can be removed should be taken with you or secured with their own cable lock. Use a D lock on rear wheel, through frame and an immovable object. Secure the front wheel using one end of the cable by pushing it through. Push a loop of...


Снимите передние сидения. Уберите задние сидения. Уберите ремни безопасности, которые удерживаются болтами. Убирайте все, что попадется на пути. Стащите старый ковер.

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They are usually held in place by four bolts that you can see from under the car. They may be held in place by fasteners at the bottom and brackets at the top.  This includes the trim and kick panels.  Look for everything you can see or feel. Roll it up and be careful with it because you will use it to measure the new carpet.


Снимите пластиковый бампер или заклейте его малярной лентой. Тщательно промойте бампер обезжиривающим средством и водой. Зашкурьте бампер наждачной бумагой с зернистостью М28\Н-2 (P600) с водой, чередуя направления. Протрите бампер чистой пылесборной салфеткой.

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In order to keep from painting other parts of the car, you can either remove and paint the bumper separately or leave the bumper attached and carefully mask off the car body. Removing the bumper works best when you're repairing any scratches or cracks before repainting. Scrub the surface well with a tack cloth along with soapy water. Using a degreaser like kitchen soap will help remove dirt and oil, leaving your bumper cover clean and ready for paint. Run your hand over the bumper to find any rough spots. Wet sand down these areas by hand with a spray bottle and some 600-grit sandpaper. Keep a constant layer of water between the sandpaper and bumper by spraying the area you're working on. Make sure to alternate directions as you sand, moving back and forth as well as up and down, in order to achieve a smooth, flawless finish. Remove any dirt and dust from sanding with the soft cloth. The surface should be clean and dry in order for the paint to adhere properly.


Снимите пленку и полиэтиленовые пакеты, которыми защищены деликатные части двигателя. Нанесите защитное средство на резиновые и виниловые части. Повторно закрепите клеммы аккумулятора и установите фильтры.

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After you’ve dried the majority of your engine, remove all plastic bags you used to protect sensitive parts of your engine. This will enable you to continue cleaning and proceed toward finishing the project.  Be diligent about removing all plastic and tape from the engine. If you leave anything, it could damage your engine. Wipe down plastic bags before removing them, just to be safe. After you’ve dried your engine off, go through and apply your favorite (car approved) protectants to vinyl and rubber surfaces in the engine. This way, your engine will not only look clean, but will have a new appearance and will be protected.  Protectants will help prolong the life of rubber and vinyl parts in your engine bay. Feel free to wax painted surfaces in the engine, but know that your wax will probably not last long because of the heat. As with degreaser, soap, and water, avoid applying protectants to sensitive areas that you covered with plastic. Now that you’ve removed all plastic and dried the engine, and applied protectants, it will be time to reattach the battery cables, reinsert the filters, and otherwise return your engine bay to the condition it was in before you began to wash it. This way, your car will run just the way it did before, but the engine bay will be cleaner.


Снимите постельное белье. Используйте пылесос с насадкой для ткани. Очистите матрас пылесосом.

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Start by removing the blankets, duvet, sheets, pillows and mattress cover. Wash your sheets and mattress cover. To keep a clean mattress, you will need to regularly clean all of the layers that go on top, such as the mattress cover. With everything off the mattress, you are ready to vacuum. It is a good idea to clean your mattress cover at the same time as your foam mattress. Look on the label of the mattress cover to determine the washing cycle. Likely, you can put in a normal wash cycle. You will be using the upholstery attachment to clean your mattress. If the attachment is clean, go ahead and attach it to your vacuum cleaner. If it is dirty, you should remove all of the bits of fabric and dust from the upholstery attachment using your fingers. Then, wash it with soapy water. Rinse it and then let it dry for twenty-four hours. Use the upholstery attachment to vacuum your foam mattress. Get rid of any hair, dust or crumbs from late night snacks. Start by vacuuming the top of the mattress. Then, clean the sides of the mattress. Flip the mattress or put it against a wall to clean the bottom.


Снимите простыни и постирайте их в стиральной машине. Пропылесосьте накопившуюся на поверхности матраса грязь, пыль или мусор. Нанесите пятновыводитель на пятна на матрасе.

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Start by stripping the bed of any sheets, blankets, or duvets. Put the bedding in the washing machine and clean them with detergent on the hottest water setting to kill germs. You should then dry them on the high heat setting to ensure there are no germs or bacteria on them. Use the upholstery attachment on your vacuum or a powerful handheld vacuum. Make sure the nozzle is clean, as you do not want to transfer any debris onto the mattress. Vacuum the crevices, seams, and folds in the mattress to remove any surface dirt or dust. Make sure you also vacuum the sides of the mattress, as dirt and dust can collect in this area as well. Use upholstery cleaner or make your own by mixing 1 teaspoon (4.9 ml) mild dish detergent and 1 cup (240 ml) of water in a spray bottle. Apply the spot cleaner to any stains and dab the area with a wet cloth. Most stains that are protein-based, like sweat, urine, and blood, should come off with a regular spot cleaner. Stains like red wine or coffee may be more difficult to remove and require stronger spot cleaner.


Снимите пружину. Потяните ствол из затвора. Прочистите пистолет. Соберите пистолет снова.

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Push the spring forward slightly and lift it away from the barrel. The spring is under pressure, so be careful when removing it. Hold the barrel by the extruding lugs. Lift the barrel while pushing forward slightly. Raise and pull the barrel out of the slide. Once the Glock has been disassembled, you can proceed to clean the gun. You do not need to disassemble the Glock any further than this to properly clean and maintain it. Once you are finished cleaning, you can reassemble the gun by reversing the above steps. You will not need to hold the slide lock down when putting the slide back on the receiver.


Снимите разбрызгиватели. Промойте разбрызгиватели. Используйте зубочистку, чтобы очистить отверстия для подачи воды.

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Most stainless steel dishwashers have two spray arms – one beneath each rack of the dishwasher.  Pull each rack out.  Untwist the spray arms by loosening the central bolt that holds them in place.  They generally twist off quite easily by hand. The top spray arm is usually affixed to the bottom of the top dish rack.  The lower spray arm is usually affixed to the bottom of the dishwasher itself. Take the spray arms to your sink.  Run them under warm water.  Be sure to get water in the central hole and along the entire length of each spray arm. Along the top side of each spray arm is a series of small holes.  When the stainless steel dishwasher is in operation, water is ejected from these holes.  But over time, they might become clogged with gunk.  To keep them clear, poke a toothpick through each hole to get them clean. There are usually eight to ten spray holes on each spray arm.


Снимите решетку с плиты и почистите ее отдельно. Сухой тряпкой сметите крошки с поверхности плиты. Верните на место крышки конфорок и решетку. Вытрите ручки и заднюю стенку плиты, если нужно.

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Take your burner grates off of the stove and place them in the sink. Then, fill the sink with hot, soapy water. Let your burner grates soak for several minutes, then clean them off with a wet sponge or dishcloth. Place your burner caps in the water as well and wash them in the hot, soapy water. After all of the crumbs are brushed away, spray your stovetop with a spray bottle filled with a 1:1 water-white vinegar ratio. Let the mixture sit for a few minutes, then wipe it off with a wet sponge or dishcloth. After wiping off any crumbs and stains from the stovetop, dry off burner grates and caps. Place the grates and caps back in place to reassemble the stove and make it ready for use again. Wipe off the stove knobs and back panel with a wet washcloth to remove any dust or minor stains. If there are larger food stains on your knobs or panels, spray them with the vinegar-water mixture and let it sit for several minutes before wiping them off again.


Снимите решетку. Снимите пробку сливного отверстия. Удалите отложения грязи на решетке или пробке. Введите сантехнический трос в сливное отверстие. Извлеките трос. Проверьте, устранен ли засор в сливе ванны. Установите решетку или пробку на место.

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Hair and soap often accumulate underneath the strainer, which is located in or over the drain. Though many strainers can be removed manually, some have screws that will need to be removed, too. Remove the screws with the proper screwdriver.  If you do not know which type of screwdriver to use, match the screwdriver to the screw head.  The size and shape of the screwdriver head should easily fit into the screw. Turn each screw surrounding the strainer until all are loose. Then, place the screws in a safe location while you unclog the drain. Some drains have tub stoppers instead of strainers, and these are also located in the drain. These are easier to remove because they are not held down with any screws. Simply remove the stopper by twisting and lifting it. A lot of gunk may have accumulated on the strainer or stopper over time. Clean any hair or soap scum; you may have to scrub the strainer and stopper depending on how dirty they are. When the drain stick is inserted deep enough, it will hit a drain trap, which is a curved part of the drain. Keep pushing the drain stick through this trap. The stick is flexible and will bend. The claw has many small interlocking hooks, so it will grab hair and allow you to pull gunk out. Clean the gunk off of the drain stick if you want to save it to use again in the future. Hair and soap can build up in as little as a few months, so having a drain stick often comes in handy. Water should now go down the drain properly. If this method did not work, try another method. If the drain claw worked, you can now replace your strainer or stopper. Strainers will need to be screwed back onto the top of the drain, whereas you can just place the stopper back in the drain.


Снимите решетку. Удалите грязевые отложения с решетки или пробки. Установите решетку или пробку на место. Проверьте, свободно ли стекает вода.

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The buildup of gunk on strainers and stoppers often causes slow drainage. Remove any screws around the strainer with the proper screwdriver. Then, place the screws in a safe location while you clean the strainer. Stopper are easier to remove because they are not held down with any screws, so simply remove the stopper by twisting and lifting it.  Most bathtub drains have either a strainer or a stopper. This method is usually effective on small clogs, so if your drain is badly clogged, it may not be as effective. A lot of gunk may have accumulated on the strainer or stopper. Clean any hair or soap scum; you may have to scrub the strainer and stopper. Strainers will need to be re-screwed back onto the top of the drain, whereas you can just place the stopper back in the drain. Turn on your bathtub to see if the drain now works properly. If not, you will need to try another method.


Снимите с бананов кожуру. Нарежьте бананы на ровные кружочки. Подержите бананы в воде в течение 10 минут. Разогрейте масло. Повторите процедуру, пока не пожарите все бананы. Выложите чипсы на бумажное полотенце. Дайте чипсам остынуть.

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Place them into iced water. Place back in the water as you slice them. Add the turmeric powder. Then drain and place on a clean tea towel to retain the moisture. Drop in a few slices at a time to deep fry (don't overcrowd the oil). Use a slotted spoon to add and retrieve the slices.   Once cooled, they can be served or stored. To store, place in an airtight container, such as a glass container or resealable bags.


Снимите с бананов кожуру. Нарежьте бананы на тонкие кружочки. Положите кружочки на решетку. Нагрейте масло. Достаньте чипсы с помощью шумовки. Сделайте сахарный сироп. Окуните жареные бананы в сахарный сироп. Положите чипсы на решетку, покрытой пергаментной бумагой. Вы можете теперь подавать чипсы к столу или убрать на хранение.

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Place in slightly salted iced water for 10 minutes (note that salt will melt the cubes faster but it'll stay cold). Keep them as evenly sized as possible. Leave to dry slightly, to remove moisture. Add the banana slices in small batches and fry for about 2 minutes or until golden brown. Use a slotted spoon to add and retrieve the slices.  Add the two sugars, water and cinnamon to a heavy based saucepan. Cook over low heat until the sugar dissolves and thickens into a syrup. Turn off the heat source. Toss well to coat. Let cool and set. Place in an airtight container for storage.


Снимите с елки украшения. Убедитесь в том, что елка стоит надежно и не сможет опрокинуться. Используйте тряпочку или пылесос, чтобы очистить елку от пыли. Подготовьте елку к хранению.

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Take off all lights, ornaments, tinsels, and anything else attached to the tree. Make sure you can support the tree with one hand while cleaning the branches with the other. Cleaning the tree will usually be more necessary prior to decorating, meaning it will be easier to clean before you put the tree away. At this point, a simple wipe down with a soft cloth or a light vacuuming should be enough to clean your tree and prepare it for storage. Disassemble the tree if necessary. You may put an unfolded sheet inside the tree box to protect the tree from dust while in storage. Once the tree and all its parts are placed the box, wrap the sides of the sheet over the tree, then seal the box.  You may also place the tree’s different sections in heavy duty black trash bags to protect from dust and damage. Avoid storing your tree in attic spaces with exposed insulation or in dusty garages without proper protections, such as covering the tree with plastic or sealing the box with tape. It is possible to purchase Christmas tree wraps that fit your specific tree dimensions. Check online or with a tree designer.


Снимите с кровати матрас и ортопедическое основание. Проверьте, не скрипит ли матрас. Проверьте на скрип ортопедическое основание кровати. Покачайте ножки кровати и внимательно прислушайтесь. Покачайте опорные планки внизу на внутренней части кроватного каркаса.

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The box spring is the wooden base underneath the mattress. Lay the mattress and box spring on the floor. You’ll want to rule it out as the cause of the squeaking before you start working on the bed frame. Get on the mattress and move around a little bit - if it squeaks, you know the mattress is the culprit. Apply pressure to the top of the box spring and move it around. If you hear squeaking, it's probably the box spring rather than the bed frame that's causing the problem. Squeaking can occur where the posts attach to the rest of the bed frame, so try rocking each post. Try to pinpoint the exact location that the squeaking is coming from. The slats are the metal or wooden planks that stretch from one side of the bed frame to the other. They’re what hold up the mattress and box spring. Apply pressure to the slats to see if they're causing the squeaking. Wood rubbing against wood will often cause squeaking.


Снимите с кровати подушки и декоративные элементы. Снимите постельное белье. Постирайте белье и постельные принадлежности.

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Before you can clean the mattress, you must remove everything that’s covering it. Start by removing the top layer of items, including pillows, decorative pillows, blankets, toys, and other objects.  When you remove your pillows for sleeping, take the pillow cases off and throw them in the laundry basket. Fold up blankets and move items from the bed to a different part of the room so they're out of the way when you clean. Once all the decorative items, pillows, and covers are off the bed, remove any sheets that are covering the mattress. This includes top sheets, fitted sheets, and any mattress protector you may have installed. Throw fabric sheets into the laundry basket along with the pillow cases. When everything is off the bed and the mattress is bare, you can begin the cleaning process. Wash the sheets, linens, and pillow cases in the washing machine while the mattress is being cleaned. That way, you'll start with a completely fresh bed.  Read and follow care labels when washing any fabrics. Use the hottest water and dryer settings possible to kill any bacteria or dust mites that may be hiding in your linens.  If you use a duvet, remove the cover and wash it with the linens as well.


Снимите с машинки насадку, чтобы получить возможность сбривать волосы под корень. Работайте машинкой в направлении против роста волос. Начинайте бритье с боков там, где находятся баки. Побрейте верхнюю часть головы в направлении ото лба назад. Побрейте заднюю часть волос в направлении снизу вверх.

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Although your shave won’t be as close as a razor shave, it will give you a bald result with less friction. This means you’re less likely to experience irritation and redness post-shave.  If you’d like a little bit of hair left, you can use a 1 guard. You may want to lay down newspapers before you shave your head to collect the excess hair. Normally, you'd shave your hair in the direction of the grain. However, this isn't necessary with clipping because you won't get as close of a shave as with a razor. Additionally, clipping hair with the grain is really difficult, as it's hard to clip the hair if you're moving the clippers over the top of your hair. This is usually level with the middle of your ear. Place your clippers against your skin and move them upwards toward the crown of your head. Make several passes until you reach the area behind your ear. If you feel more comfortable starting on a different section of your head, that’s okay. Do what’s easiest for you. Position the clippers at the top of your forehead. Then, slowly glide them back toward the crown of your head. Stop shaving when you reach the back of your crown. Place your clippers at the nape of your neck. Next, slowly bring the razor up toward your crown. Continue working your way across the back of your hair until you’ve shaved your entire head.


Снимите с мебели ручки и замки. Заделайте вмятины шпаклевкой по дереву. Используйте бумагу с размером зерна 120 микрон для легкой шлифовки поверхности. Протрите мебель влажной тканью, чтобы удалить древесную пыль.

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Put them in a plastic bag so you don’t lose them. If something won’t detach from the furniture, cover it with painter’s tape. You can find wood filler at your local hardware store. Let the filler dry per the instructions on the label. Sand in circular motions until the surface of the furniture looks dull and less glossy. Don’t sand too much or you might tear up the laminate from the surface. Make sure the surface of the furniture is clean before you begin the priming process.


Снимите с прибора контейнер фильтра и вытряхните из него остатки молотого кофе.

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Empty the carafe of any remaining coffee grounds. Throw away the used filter if you haven’t done so already. Pour out any remaining water from a previous brew.


Снимите с пробки защитное покрытие. Поставьте бутылку в туфлю.

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Make sure no plastic or foil is covering the cork. It should be just the cork and the bottle. To remove the cover, simply slide it off by pulling it upwards. If it doesn't slide off, pull on the tab if it has one, which will remove the top portion of it. Alternately, cut it off with a knife by gently tracing a knife around the edge of it. It can be any kind of flat shoe (not high heels or flip flops), as long as its opening is large enough to accommodate a bottle of wine. The bottle should go in bottom first so that the cork is facing you. To keep the bottle in the shoe, you will hold the bottle with one hand and the shoe with your other hand.


Снимите сетку с окна. Найдите подходящее место, где можно помыть сетку. Приготовьте моющий раствор.

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Before you can start washing the window screen, you'll need to remove it from the window.  Removing the screen will allow you to completely and easily wash it.  Make sure any screen you plan on washing has been removed from the window before you being cleaning it.  The exact method you use to remove the screen will depend on the type of window screen you have. Many window screens will have small tabs that are pulled out, releasing the screen from the window frame. Make sure you carefully remove the screen as many window screens can be ripped or torn easily. Once you've removed the screen from the window frame, it's time to take it to a good workspace.  You'll want to find an area that you will be able to safely spray water in.  You'll also want to make sure you have a hose that can reach the area you plan on working in.  Once you find a good area to work in, it's time to take the screens there and get ready to clean them.  You'll want to make sure you've got plenty of room to work in. The area you choose should allow you to spray and drain water easily. You can try laying down a tarp to protect the screen from sharp sticks or stones. A good screen cleaning will require you to have a bucket of household ammonia and water ready.  Cleaning the screen with this mixture will allow you to break up and remove dirt, dust or any other substance that has come in contact with the screen.  Mixing up some ammonia and water will be the last thing you need to do before you start washing the window screen.  Mix one part ammonia with three parts water. If you don't have ammonia handy, you can also use warm water mixed with mild soap. Make sure you wear rubber gloves when mixing or cleaning with this mixture. Once you've mixed the ammonia and water together, stir the mixture to evenly distribute both parts. You could also use mild dish detergent if you don't have ammonia handy.


Снимите со скороварки герметизирующую вставку и свисток. Высыпьте в скороварку 300 г (1,5 стакана) соли. Установите подставку в нижней части скороварки. Разогрейте пустую скороварку в течение 2 минут. Опустите форму в скороварку и накройте крышкой. Убавьте огонь до среднего и запекайте торт 5 минут. Переключите конфорку на слабый огонь и выпекайте торт согласно рецепту. Проверьте торт. Остудите и выньте торт из формы.

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Since you won't be using water in the pressure cooker, you don't need the gasket. Pull off the rubber insulation from the lid and set it aside. You can also set the whistle aside. While you usually need to add water to the pressure cooker, if you leave the water out, you'll be baking instead of steaming. Only use this method if you have a stainless steel or aluminum stove top pressure cooker. Spread the salt evenly in the bottom of the pressure cooker. The salt will insulate the cooker since you won't be using water. Put a metal stand in the bottom of the cooker to distribute the heat and prevent the cake from burning on the bottom. If you don't have a stand, set a wire rack in the bottom of the cooker. Put the lid on the pressure cooker and turn the burner to high. Let the pressure cooker heat before you add the pan with the batter. Wear oven mitts to lift the lid off of the hot pressure cooker. Carefully lower the pan with the cake batter down onto the stand in the pressure cooker. Put the lid on the cooker. The cake will immediately begin to rise and cook. Because you aren't actually cooking with pressure, the cake will take about the same time to bake as if you were baking it in a standard oven. Follow the bake time instructions from your recipe or the back of the box mix. To test if the cake is finished baking, insert a toothpick or cake tester into the center of the cake. If it comes out clean, turn off the burner. If not, check the cake again in 3 to 5 minutes. Let the cake cool and lift it up and out of the pressure cooker.


Снимите спираль снизу. Выдавите каплю жидкости на спираль и верните ее в девайс. Заполните бак жидкостью для электронных сигарет. Соберите вейп-девайс обратно. Подождите 2–3 минуты, прежде чем использовать девайс.

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Unscrew the bottom metal piece of the vaporizer and set it aside. Then, slide the coil out from inside of the tank. Clean out your tank at this point if you’re switching e-liquid flavors. Once you have the coil out, use the dropper on your e-liquid bottle or top to put 1 or 2 drops of e-liquid inside the coil. Unscrew the entire metal bottom of the vaporizer to get access to the tank. Place the dropper portion of the e-liquid bottle against the inside of the tank. Fill the dropper and empty it into the tank several times until the e-liquid reaches the max fill line. After filling your tank, slide the coil back into place. Then, screw the bottom piece back on. Your vaporizer should now be completely reassembled. The coil needs a couple of minutes to become saturated before you use your vaporizer. Wait 2-3 minutes and then go ahead and start vaping.


Снимите ставни и разместите их на пильных козлах или аналогичной области. Просверлите дрелью направляющие отверстия по вашим отметкам и прикрепите остальные петли. Поместите и закрепите защелку. Разместите штифты в петлях, чтобы повесить жалюзи на место. Установите собачки. Прикрепите запирающие приспособления. Прикрепите накладку для защиты поверхностей.

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Now that half the hinge is attached to the wall, the other half needs to be attached to the shutter. You'll be drilling holes into the shutter, so make sure you're on a surface where it's okay it may get damaged. If you followed the above instructions, you've already made the appropriate marks and know exactly where to drill. Bore pilot holes at your marks through the strap on the top and on the bottom rails. Then, using the appropriate screws, screw the strap hinges into position. At this point, the shutter is essentially done. Before setting up the shutters, position and fasten the pull rings and the bolt for the latch to one of the shutters. Whether the bolt on the left or the right is up to you. Place both of them just below the middle of the shutter, where you will be able to reach them through the open window. Take into account your height, yes, but also the height of anyone else who may be shutting the window. Once all the pieces of hinges are assembled, your shutters are ready. Move them back and forth to make sure they're in the right place, that they swing comfortably, and that they can fully shut. This is the hardware that keeps the shutters open; they're attached to the exterior walls of the house. Open the shutters all the way to begin the process. Here's how:  Position each tieback or shutter dog on the siding under the shutter, 4 inches in from the shutter’s outer edge and 1 inch below the bottom edge. Check that it can indeed hold the shutter open. Do this by holding the bolt up against the house. Then, spin it sideways to check that the shutter can swing close, clearing it. Once everything's where it should be, mark the bolt’s location and drill a pilot hole on that mark. Twist the bolt into the siding with a wrench. Repeat this process for the other side. This is done on the inside of your house – the outside is done! Close the shutters and move to the inside of the window. This part is easiest to do with a friend. Have them hold the shutters closed, while you do work on the inside. Here's...


Снимите старую варочную панель, если таковая имеется. Убедитесь в том, что у вас имеется достаточно пространства в выбранном для варочной панели месте. Убедитесь, что вблизи выбранного вами места есть распределительная коробка для подключения варочной панели к электросети. Измерьте габариты варочной панели и убедитесь в том, что она вмещается в старое отверстие. Скорректируйте отверстие для варочной панели, чтобы она могла войти в него. Снимите с варочной панели все съемные элементы, чтобы вам было легче ее ставить на место. Установите зажимы. Опустите варочную панель в отверстие. Присоедините провода варочной панели к сети. Установите на варочную панель ранее снятые съемные детали. Включите электричество и проверьте работу варочной панели.

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If you are replacing an old cooktop then you will first have to remove it. Turn off the power to this cooktop at the fuse box. Remove any caulking or attachments on the cooktop. Disconnect the wiring, remembering how the old cooktop is wired, and lift the cooktop out of the opening.  You must be absolutely certain that the power is turned off to your cooktop. You can use a circuit tester to double check by touching one lead on the circuit tester to any wire that is not green or white and the other lead to a white or green (ground) wire. If the light comes on, it means the power is still on. Make sure you remember how the old wiring was connected because the new wiring will connect in the same way. You can even label wires and take a picture of the wiring before removal to help you remember. Get someone to help you lift the cooktop out of its location because they can be quite heavy. Ideally you should have at least 30 inches (76 cm) of clearance above the cooktop and 1-2 feet (30-60 cm) of clearance on the sides. You must also check that there is enough space below the cooktop for your desired model. Check the manufacturer’s instructions for specific requirements for your cooktop. Most cooktops will require a 240 VAC junction box. If you are replacing a cooktop then you probably will already have this installed.  If there is no junction box then you should hire a professional to install one for you. You must also check that the old cooktop has the same amperage as the new cooktop or else the wiring may need to be performed by a professional. Many old cooktops have only a 30-amp circuit while modern cooktops often have a 40-amp or 50-amp circuit. If you have removed a previously installed cooktop then there should already be a hole so you must check the dimensions of the new cooktop to see if it will fit. Measure the length and width of the cooktop and subtract ½ - 1 inch (1.25-2.5 cm) from each side to account for the lip that will overlap the countertop. The hole needs to be the size of the cooktop minus the...


Снимите старую обивку с мебели. Очистите мебель. Отмерьте и отрежьте необходимый кусок новой обивки. Подшейте новую обивку там, где это необходимо. Скрепками зафиксируйте новую обивку на мебели. Финальные штрихи.

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Work slowly and meticulously to remove the fabric from your furniture by pulling out all the staples/tacks/screws that are holding it in place. Use your flat-head screwdriver or butter knife to carefully pull out every staple. Do not cut any of the fabric to remove it, as you will be using the pre-existing fabric as your pattern for the new upholstering fabric.  If you're removing fabric from a couch, you'll need to flip it over and take the fabric off the bottom and back as well. Remove any cushions that might be there, but if they don't have a zipper, you might be able to make a cover for them rather than removing all the current fabric. Side panels of fabric (like on a sofa) may not require fabric removal, because often you can tack your new fabric over the top. Be careful not to cut yourself on the staples or tacks, as these are a very real tetanus threat. Removing the old fabric often exposes the dirty underside of your used furniture; it is best to clean up any messes or dirty areas prior to adding new furniture over the top. For couches, vacuum out the inside of the frame, and spray fabric cleaner onto the cushions and foam to freshen them up. Use a bit of wood oil or cleaner to prepare the wood parts of your furniture, and seal it if necessary.  If your furniture was damaged or scratched, you should take time now to repair it and prep it for new fabric.  If you want to stain or paint the wood on your furniture, you should do so at this point. Lay out all the fabric you removed from you furniture, making sure that you know which piece goes where (or where it went originally). Layer your new upholstery fabric out, and trace the old fabric shapes onto the new. This will serve as your pattern, and allow you to cut out all the necessary pieces for your project. Once you've gotten all the pieces measured/traced, you can very carefully cut out each section, making sure that you mark or keep track of where on the furniture it will be put. Use fabric shears for cutting your fabric, in order to make smooth,...


Снимите старую обложку. Произведите необходимые замеры. Вырежьте новый переплет. Подготовьте переплетную ткань. Создайте свой переплет. Вшейте концевые полосы. Присоедините новый переплет. Дайте переплету засохнуть.

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Your current book cover could be mostly attached or it may be hanging on by a thread; regardless, carefully remove the entire cover including the spine from your book. Use an x-acto knife with a fresh blade to remove excess glue, ripped pages, or threads that are sticking out from the text block. Measure the covers and spine you just removed, or measure the text block itself. If you choose to do the latter, add an additional 3/8 inch to the height. Use the measurements you've just taken to cut out three pieces of bristol board. You should have two cover pieces and the spine. Select a piece of sturdy cotton or linen fabric to act as the book cloth. Place the three pieces of the bristol board onto the cloth, with 3/8 of an inch in between each cover and the spine. Measure a 1 inch margin around the entire cover, and cut out the fabric into this large rectangular shape. Add a thick layer of book binding glue to the backside of your board cutouts, and place them in the same location as they were when you measured the fabric. Cut the corners of the fabric off at a 45 degree angle, and fold all the edges of the fabric over onto the inside of the covers. Add more binding glue to the inside, and use a bone folder to stick the fabric in place. A new cover needs end pages to glue the cover to the book. Use heavy stock paper for the end pages. Use a needle to weave the thread between the new end pages and the old sections of the book. Add a solid layer of glue to the inside of the front cover, and place the text block on the back cover. Fold over the end page in the front, and use a bone folder to smooth it out and securely glue it to the front cover. Repeat the same process with the back cover. Place the book in a book press overnight to dry. Place a piece of waxed paper in between the end pages and the text block to prevent pages from sticking.