Осознайте свою связь с окружающим миром. Попробуйте представить, какой была бы ваша жизнь без положительного в ней. Находите во всем светлую сторону. Уделяйте время занятиям, которые вызывают у вас улыбку или смех. Придерживайтесь здорового образа жизни. Окружайте себя друзьями и членами семьи, общение с которыми поднимает настроение. Будьте позитивны в своих действиях по отношению к людям. Поймите, что оптимизм – это циклический процесс.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Optimism isn’t something that simply originates inside your own brain and emanates outward; it grows between you and the world in which you live. Learn to recognize those aspects of your environment that you aren’t happy with and invest your time and energy into changing them.  Work toward changing the world for the better in concrete ways, one interaction at a time. This could take the form of joining a social justice movement or political cause that is important to you. Remember, however, that there is a wealth of diverse cultures in the world, of which yours is only one. Don’t get caught up in the idea that your culture or way of doing things is superior or the only way. Embracing the diversity in the world and working to help others on their own terms can teach you to see beauty and positivity in many things.  On a micro scale, even rearranging concrete things like your furniture can help break up old, unhelpful patterns of behavior and allow you to form new ones. Studies have shown that breaking a habit is easier if you change up your routines, because this activates new areas of your brain.  This goes hand in hand with learning to accept and work with a broad range of emotions, as it’s impossible to experiment with what you never have to encounter. Instead of trying to micro-manage your emotions by living out the same habits every day, experiment with each interaction and try to find ways to improve things about the environment you share with others. Build goals and expectations for the future from your concrete interactions with other people and the environment. In doing so, you can avoid creating unrealistic expectations for yourselves and others. This exercise comes from researchers at Berkeley, who recommend that you take 15 minutes once every week to practice. Thinking about how your life would be different without something you love or are grateful for can help you cultivate optimism by countering the natural tendency to assume the good things in life are “givens.” Remembering that we are lucky...


Осознайте силу уверенности в себе. Сосредоточьтесь на своих положительных качествах. Выглядите соответствующе. Взгляните в лицо своим страхам.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

All your efforts to appear more authoritative will likely fall short if you lack essential self-confidence.  You have to believe you can wield authority, and deserve to have it, in order to express and use it effectively.  While it is true that some people are naturally more confident than others, self-confidence is also a perspective that can be nurtured and developed.  How to Build Self Confidence offers an extensive list of ideas for becoming a more confident person.  Its major subjects include:  Establishing a positive attitude. Dealing with your emotions effectively. Taking care of yourself — mind, body, and spirit. Setting your goals. Getting help when you need it. People with low self-confidence tend to compare themselves to unrealistic idealizations of others, and thereby find themselves always coming up short.  Instead of holding yourself to impossible standards and focusing on your failures, work on training yourself to emphasize your successes.  Focus on why you deserve to have authority. Keep an updated list of personal accomplishments and positive attributes if that helps.  Take note of compliments and positive feedback from others (and take them seriously).  Surround yourself with positive reinforcement. Looking authoritative and looking confident have many similarities, but you can’t really master the former without first nailing the latter.  It may seem naive to think that looking confident can make you feel more confident, and yet it is true for many people. Practice good posture.  Take your personal grooming and dressing routines seriously.  Look in the mirror and see a confident person staring back at you. People who lack confidence avoid or run away from their fears; they try not to depart their comfort zones.  Self-confident people learn to swim by jumping in the water, or deal with a fear of heights by skydiving.  Get out of your comfort zone, and when you achieve success doing so, use it as evidence in your confidence-building process. Identify your goals, and establish a way to address...


Осознайте собственное горе из-за утраты хомячка. Дайте себе время. Поговорите с друзьями и родственниками. Сохраните добрые воспоминания. Запишите свои чувства. Свяжитесь с товарищами по несчастью.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

You are going to be upset and are going to hurt. You might feel strong emotions like anger, grief, depression, or guilt. It is okay to feel these strong feelings after a loss of a loved one. Your hamster was a part of your family and you will need time to grieve. Consider taking time off work or school to feel your grief. Statistics show that the pain you feel when you lose a pet is akin to losing a human family member. Your loved ones probably are aware of how much you loved your hamster. They can help you through the grieving process if you reach out to them. Talk to them about what you are feeling, and they may help to ease the passing. Remember the positive things about your friend. You can go through pictures of your pet. You can think about the games and toys you played with him. These good things may make your grief a little less painful. You can start a blog or journal. Writing out your feelings may help you work out your grief. You can write about the positive memories and thoughts of your beloved family member. There are national resources you can reach out to if you need someone to talk to you. Reaching out to resources like the ASPCA hotline can connect you to people who understand.


Осознайте стадии запоминания. Восстановите ваши шаги. Восстановите ход ваших мыслей. Воссоздайте первоначальные символы, связанные с окружающей обстановкой. Подумайте и/или поговорите о чем-то постороннем, не связанном с информацией. Расслабьтесь.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

In order for you to be able to remember something, your brain needs to go through three stages: acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval (sometimes known as recall). If something goes wrong in one of these stages, it will be difficult to remember what you want to remember.  In the acquisition stage, information that you’ve just learned is stored in your short-term memory before either being discarded or encoded as long-term memory. If you’re not paying attention to something, such as where you put your glasses down before leaving the room, you’re very likely to forget their location when you come back. In the consolidation stage, information that you’ve learned is transferred into long-term memory. This is more likely to happen if this information relates to other long-term memories of yours, is meaningful in some way (related to historical or important events), or has a strong sensory impression connected to it. In the retrieval stage, information stored in your memory is retrieved by activating the neuronal pattern used to store it. This stage is often where the feeling of having something “on the tip of your tongue” occurs, and there are some things you can do to prompt this stage. Research has found that a lot of memory is “context-dependent,” meaning people are better at remembering information in an environment that matches the environment in which that information was learned. For example, if you thought of something in the living room and forgot it by the time you got to the kitchen, try going back to the living room. It’s likely the return to a familiar context will help you retrieve the forgotten information. If you can’t physically go back to the place you were when you had the thought you’ve now forgotten, try imagining where you were, what you were doing, and how your thoughts connected to each other. Because many memories are stored along overlapping neuronal patterns, reconstructing your train of thought may help retrieve the forgotten thought by stimulating related ideas. For example, if you...


Осознайте степень визуального  превосходства. Используйте визуальный контакт для того, чтобы отправить послание. Уделите больше внимания выражению лица, поскольку на нем отображаются эмоции, особенно, если они расходятся со словами человека. Будьте внимательны. Незаинтересованность.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

” When you are talking to someone, you should try to be the person who is “visually dominant” to demonstrate confidence. This ratio is determined by figuring out who is looking at the other person’s eyes more, and who is looking away more.  Your visual dominance ratio helps determine where you stand on social dominance hierarchy compared to the other person in the conversation. People who spend most of the time looking away have a relatively low amount of social dominance. People who are less likely to look away are probably the boss.    People who look downward display helplessness because they seem like they are trying to avoid criticism or any conflict. The eyes are the windows to the soul, as the cliché goes. You can learn a lot about a person by paying attention to how they use their eyes.  Avoiding eye contact at all, or looking downward with the eyes a lot, are both indications of defensiveness. Eye contact will be more continuous if a person is trying to listen to you, rather than speak. Looking away from the other person can also be an indication the person doing the speaking isn’t ready to stop and listen yet. Looking at a person can be an indication of attraction. People who are interested in someone show strong eye contact and lean forward toward the other person in the conversation. Depending on the context, making eye contact with another person can be used to show respect. For example, when you’re giving a presentation to a room full of people, divide the room into thirds. Address comments to one side, and then the other side, and then the middle. Pick out a person in each section to address comments to. The people who are sitting around them will think you are having direct contact with them, and this will make them rate you higher as a speaker. Pay close attention to facial expressions that convey emotion, especially if they conflict with the words a person is uttering. They can help you figure out a person’s true emotions.  Regulators are facial expressions that provide feedback during...


Осознайте те модели своего поведения, которые отталкивают от вас людей. Подумайте, каких отношений вы хотите. Заводите много друзей. Пусть в приоритете будут занятия, которые повышают вашу самооценку.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

If you’re afraid of being abandoned, you might frequently act from a place of insecurity. Calling and texting someone multiple times a day, asking someone to spend all their free time with you, and accusing others of planning to leave you are a few examples of insecure behavior. Unfortunately, acting like this can have the unintended consequence of scaring friends and partners away. If these behaviors sound like you, work on finding alternative ways to manage your anxiety.  Practicing mindfulness can help you stop pushing others away. With a mindful perspective, you can examine your motives and choose to avoid impulsive, needy behavior. When you feel insecure, instead of acting on the emotion, try writing in a journal about why you feel that way. Another good option is to take a walk and think through your feelings. Many people who are afraid of being abandoned habitually seek out relationships with emotionally unavailable people. If you have a history of abandonment, you may unconsciously select partners who will act in the same way as your parents or previous partners.  Consider whether seeking out more emotionally available partners would help you break the cycle of anxiety and abandonment. If you notice unhealthy patterns in your relationships, it may be helpful to see a therapist. A mental health professional can help you identify the source of these unhealthy patterns and teach you to develop skills that move you towards healthier, balanced relationships. If you’re afraid of abandonment, you might have the tendency to focus intensely on one relationship to the exclusion of others. Forming a strong network of friends can help you stop focusing on just one person and provide you a sense of security.  If one person decides to leave or is unavailable, you will still have other friends to fall back on. Cultivating friendships can also help you practice maintaining healthy relationships.  Build a strong support system by opening yourself up to the opportunity to find and make friends. Join a new club at...


Осознайте, как именно LinkedIn может помочь вам найти работу. Убедитесь, что ваш профиль на LinkedIn достоверный, актуальный и представляет вас в лучшем свете. Благодаря профилю с актуальной информацией, предложения о работе могут сами икать вас. Поиск вакансий, размещенных на LinkedIn. Рассмотрите возможность повышения статуса до "Поиск вакансий" класса "Премиум". Используйтесь Linkedin для других целей, если вы ищете не конкретную вакансию.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

LinkedIn is at its best when you know exactly what you want to do, and just need to find the right people to talk to. Spend the most time making sure your profile has a concrete list of your achievements and notes the special skills, qualifications, publications and such that you have.  If you have been quoted in the press, have a patent, or have a similar "wow" in your background, state it on your profile.   Lying on a resume is never a good idea, but it is worse in LinkedIn.  Potential employers can use your own LinkedIn connections to check up on you. Do not worry too much about filling out the recommendations and skills on your LinkedIn profile.  Employers pretty much discount recommendations as being sappy and always positive.  The skills are only useful for keyword searches. Building out your profile with the right skills can on occasion make highly qualified jobs come to you, instead of the usual other way around.  It is still unlikely to get hit up out of the blue for a job, but it can happen.  It mostly happens to people who have specific skills an employer is looking for. You can simply go to the Jobs tab on LinkedIn to find jobs that may fit your preferences.   LinkedIn job postings are helpful, and you should look for them.  Compared to free message boards, they tend to have higher quality jobs, and it is very unlikely that you would find anything unsavory or dangerous.  Still, they are "just a job board." LinkedIn searching is best if you have a specific skill that an employer is hiring for. You may find an employer looking for someone exactly like you. Job seeker premium is best for helping you find specific people and/or specific companies.  It costs between USD$20 - USD$50 per month.   Job seeker premium lets you see the names of people at companies you might be interested in.  Better yet, it lets you contact them directly via LinkedIn messaging (known as InMail.) LinkedIn gives you only a few of these premium messages a month, so it is useful if you know exactly what you are looking for. The...


Осознайте, каким человеком вы стремитесь быть. Устанавливайте достижимые цели. Подготовьтесь к успеху. Окружите себя позитивными людьми.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Know who you want to be and be that person. Make a list of the most important qualities in your personality. If you find yourself deviating from those qualities, slow down and regain your composure.  For example, if you want to be a more patient person, come up with a plan to practice patience in stressful times, such as counting to ten. Things like meditation, exercise, and spiritual practices can help you recenter yourself on who you want to be.  Try making a list of your values to figure out what type of person you strive to be. Look over this list often to remind yourself. When your goals are specific and achievable you are more apt to meet them and feel good about it. On the other hand, if you goals are vague and unrealistic you are more likely to get frustrated and forego all of your goals. For example, going to the dentist twice a year is a specific and achievable goal. On the other hand, improving your health is too broad and vague. Eliminate things that stress you out and slow you down. Try to be one step ahead instead of one step behind. Being prepared will help you feel less stressed and overwhelmed. Create routines for yourself that promote success.  Prepare for the next day the night before. Lay out your clothes or pack your lunch. Stop procrastinating and get your work done before any deadlines. Come prepared to meetings. Keep in mind that success is not a straight line. You will sometimes have setbacks, and this is all part of progressing towards your goal. Find friends that support you or whom you admire and surround yourself with positivity. Spend less time with friends that are always negative and not productive. Learn from people who are trying to be the best versions of themselves.  Be a source of positivity for those friends as well. You might also consider why you admire certain people. What qualities do they possess that you would like to have?


Осознайте, какую роль играет биология. Осознайте социальную составляющую зависимости. Осознайте психологические механизмы возникновения зависимости. Старайтесь не судить этих людей.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Addiction is a highly complex neurobiological state. Many of the behaviors that become addictive initially cause a state of intense pleasure, or a “high.” They may also temporarily relieve a sense of sadness or debility, which may cause the person to seek them out as relief.  Most addictive behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use, cause a spike in dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that causes a feeling of pleasure. This heightened level of pleasure can become seen as the “standard” by the person engaging in the addictive behavior. Activities that used to be pleasurable often can no longer compete with the dopamine rush offered by drugs or alcohol. Addiction changes a person’s reward circuitry. Even in the face of adverse consequences, an addicted person may pursue the reward or relief offered by the substance. Dependence on a substance happens when more and more of the substance is required to produce the desired effect. Dependence is highly dangerous; larger and larger doses of the substance may be consumed, and this often results in overdose and even death.  Several substances, including alcohol and cocaine, damage the frontal lobes of the brain, which help control impulses and manage delayed gratification. Without such regulation, individuals may have significantly impaired judgment and difficulty understanding consequences.  Genetic factors also help determine whether an individual will develop an addiction. Research suggests that the availability of social stimulation may play a role in using and developing addictions to substances. Those living with fewer resources, such as individuals living in isolation or poverty, may be more inclined to use harmful substances because of a lack of other options to experience pleasure.  One study showed that rats living in a “resource rich” environment, with sources of pleasure, recreation, and socializing, were less likely to use or become addicted to substances than rats living in “resource poor” environments.  It is important to understand how the person’s...


Осознайте, что водное голодание не дает постоянных результатов. Примите во внимание здоровые лимиты водного голодания. Голодайте всего несколько дней. Голодайте во время «спокойных» дней. Прервите голодание перед мероприятием, к которому готовитесь.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

A water fast is when a person does not eat or drink anything but water for a set period of time. This obviously results in rapid weight loss because your body is not taking in any calories through food. However, the weight you lose through fasting will come back when you start eating again. In fact, because your metabolism slows down to deal with the lack of energy coming in through food, you may gain back more weight than you lost in the first place when you start eating again.  If you’re trying to lose permanent weight, you should drink plenty of water in concert with balanced meals and regular exercise. However, if you need to drop a few pounds for an event, a water fast might be a quick solution for you. The human body is incredibly resilient, and can last a long time without food — so long as it’s not dehydrated. Fasting for a few days is not harmful to most people as long as they drink plenty of water — which you’ll want to do anyway to trick your stomach into thinking you’ve eaten something.  However, people with some medical conditions should not fast under any circumstances. Diabetics, for example, need to regulate their blood sugar with food throughout the day. Consult your doctor before beginning a fast. Children, the elderly, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and people with chronic illness should not fast. Even otherwise healthy people will feel negative side effects while fasting. When you stop eating, your body doesn’t have an energy source; as a result, you will feel fatigue and dizziness. You may also feel nausea or suffer from constipation, and, obviously, you will feel very hungry. You may want to consider a clean eating cleanse instead. Focus on eating lean proteins, vegetables, fruit, nuts (i.e. almonds and cashews), and complex carbohydrates like sweet potatoes, brown rice, and quinoa, for at least 48 hours. You may see recommendations for 21 or 30-day fasts online, but these are extremely dangerous if not under direct medical supervision. If you choose to fast, do so only for the three...


Осознайте, что все могло быть хуже. Цените все хорошее в своей жизни. Поверьте, это не конец света. Не зацикливайтесь.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

There are times when you should always care. When someone else is being hurt is probably the most important. It’s very reasonable to want to not care about people bullying you, but if you see people bullying someone else you should always care. If we stand up for each other then no one will ever have to get intentionally hurt like that, yourself included. You can’t kill people you don’t like, you can’t bully others, and you should always about how your words and actions hurt other people. If we want to live happily and peacefully in this world, we have to love and care for each other rather than driving hate with hate. If you don’t care that you’re hurting someone else, you need to think about how your actions are going to impact your life. Oftentimes, people will rely on you. You may not even known that  they rely on you. There will be, throughout your life, people that need you for different reasons. You should care about them and you should care about yourself enough to do what you need to do to help them. These can be friends that need your emotional support through hard times or family members who need your love to keep their lives bright. It might be a shelter where you volunteer or it might be your children who need you to survive. . It is also extremely important for you to care about your own life and your own well-being. At times it can be hard, especially if you have had bad things happen to you, to understand why you should care about yourself. But when you feel down, remember that there are so many people who love you (even if you don’t know it) and your future has so many wonderful things in store for you (even if you don’t think good things will ever happen to you again). Be strong, because you are so strong, and just wait.


Осознайте, что вы здесь. Не думайте слишком много. Не будьте самокритичны. Будьте хорошим слушателем. Принимайте людей такими, какие они есть. Принимайте боль.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Guess where you are right now? In the moment. You're not in yesterday's moments, and you're not in tomorrow's. You're in the moment that is happening as you read. Take comfort in the fact that it is physically impossible for you to be anywhere else. It's never too late to be in the moment; all you have to do is realize you're already there. The challenge is to turn your thoughts toward what is happening in the present, or to become more mindfully aware.   Mindfulness happens when you notice and acknowledge the present. When you feel your thoughts swirling toward something that has already happened or something that may be yet to happen and try looking down at your hand. Become aware of how your hand feels right now. Are you a little chilly, or are you warm? Notice what's anchoring you to the here and now.   It also helps to acknowledge something outside your own sphere. Look out the window and notice leaves blowing in the wind, or birds sitting on a wire. In another moment, they may blow down from the tree or take flight to another telephone pole. When you notice the world around you, you become more mindful of the present. You are not the thoughts in your head. Your worries, anxieties, guilt, and other negative thoughts are not you, and getting lost in them poses a huge impediment to being in the moment. Stopping yourself from thinking so hard is an important step toward mindfulness. As you probably know, it's also very difficult to do. Here are some ways you can stop letting your thoughts rule your existence:   Stop thinking too much about the future. A certain amount of planning is good, but there are many, many things that are out of your control, definitely including the future, and things may not go as planned. You cannot control what will happen in 5 or 10 years. When it comes down to it, you don't even know what might happen tomorrow. Make a conscious decision to stop worrying so much. When you find yourself obsessing, do something to bring about greater mindfulness, like stepping outside and...


Осознайте, что вы сами создаете свою жизнь. Ищите возможности. Ставьте вдохновляющие цели. Находите причины для смеха. Научитесь благодарности.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

To get into a more hopeful state of mind, realize that your future is yours to take control of. You are in charge of deciding what you will achieve. Think about what you want your life to be like in a year and realize that, with hard work, you are capable of making it happen. A hopeful mindset thrives on possibilities, so be aware of new opportunities that arise in your life. Exploring different options and choices increases your odds of finding fresh resources to help you achieve your goals. The best way to discover new possibilities is to be open. Try striking up a conversation with a stranger, taking a walk with no set destination, or signing up for a class about something you’ve always wanted to learn. Setting achievable, time-bound, and specific goals can help you become more hopeful by giving you a positive future to look forward to. Imagine yourself achieving your goal in as much detail as you can, and think about the different routes you can take to get there.  For example, if you are interested in traveling around the world, you might set a goal to save the money for a plane ticket and other necessities. Then, to get you inspired to work towards the goal on a daily basis, you might imagine, in vivid detail, yourself arriving at your first destination. Think about the sights, sounds, and smells you will encounter to make it seem as real as possible. Write your goals down to help make them more concrete and read over them daily to remind yourself what you are working towards. It’s true that laughter is the best medicine – researchers have found that a daily dose of humor can help people feel more optimistic about the future. Humor inhibits negative thoughts while stimulating positive emotions, which encourages a hopeful state of mind.   Watch a comedy or YouTube video. Spend extra time with that silly classmate of yours. Or, offer to babysit your five-year-old nephew. See if there is a laughing group in your city. These are groups that meet for the purpose of having a laugh. Thinking about the things...


Осознайте, что вы увлечены. Пригласите ее сходить куда-нибудь. Оцените ее характер. Пригласите ее прогуляться с вашими друзьями.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

This can be a difficult realization because typically crushes are linked to romantic feelings.  This is not always the case.  An identity crush is someone you come to view as a leader. This causes you to want to identify your attributes to theirs. This type of crush opens more doors for developing a friendship. You don't need to act uninterested or half-amused.  Simply ask them to do something you know they like to do like:  Play music Go bowling Play golf See a movie Play laser-tag Go tubing Sometimes identity crushes can be for the wrong reasons.  Lots of time people aspire to be the popular kids in high school, but sometimes the popular kids aren't good people.  If you're ever faced with hanging out with a new clique and can't invite you're old friends, then weigh your options. This is a great opportunity to hang out with them when you are in your best element.  Make sure your crush and friends are both okay with this plan.  This will give your crush the chance to see how you normally act with your friends.


Осознайте, что вы часто оглядываетесь в прошлое. Разработайте план, которого вы будете придерживаться. Приготовьтесь понять возможные реакции на завершение отношений. Переборите стыд и чувство вины. Продолжайте здоровые отношения. Снова учитесь доверять. Давайте выход злости.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Your past, in many ways, is comfortable.  You know what to expect.  Because of this, many people tend to get into relationships that encourage their past destructive behaviours.  You may believe a partner is good for you because the your past destructive, but familiar, behaviour is is reinforced.  This, unfortunately, is dysfunctional.  Chances are this past behaviour is not helping you in the present, and will not help you in the future. If a talk with your partner didn't work, then you need to implement your plan.  Having a plan is great because it helps you stay motivated.  You plan in this case should include how, when and where you're going to break-up with your partner.  It should also include plans on what you'll do under certain circumstances or situations (e.g. what's your plan if your partner calls you, what's your plan if your partner comes knocking on your door, what's your plan if your partner talks badly to your friends about you, etc.). It's helpful to put all your plans in an “if … then” format (i.e. if this happen, then I'll do this).  Make sure the “then” plan is something that's beneficial for you in the long term, not something that will give you a brief sense of happiness that won't last. When a bad relationship is over, you might start to feel one or more of the following things.  This is perfectly normal.  And as bad as you may feel at the moment, know that you will feel happy again.  This is not a permanent state.  Shame or guilt that you did something wrong.  Guilt that you put friends or family through pain and suffering. The need to withdraw from family and friends because no one gets what you're going through. A lack of trust in other people, especially when it comes to your emotions. The feeling of complete and total despair and powerlessness. The inability to engage in sexual relationships — or engaging in damaging sexual activity. Anger towards your former partner, yourself and anyone else who might have been involved, or gave an opinion at some point. Flashbacks that come on...


Осознайте, что жизнь и смерть являются частью одного цикла. Подумайте о том, что ваше тело является частью сложной экосистемы. Знайте, какую роль играет ваше тело во всей этой жизни. Проводите время на природе. Подумайте о жизни после смерти.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Recognize that your own life and death, as well as the lives of other creatures, are all parts of the same cycle or life-process. Life and death, rather than being two completely different events, are actually always occurring at the same time. The cells in our bodies, for example, are continuously dying and regenerating in different ways throughout an individual lifetime. This helps our bodies adapt and grow within the world around us. Our bodies serve as fertile ecosystems for countless different life forms, especially after our own lives come to an end.  While we are alive, our gastrointestinal system is home to millions of micro-organisms. These all help our bodies stay healthy enough to support proper immune functioning, and, in certain ways, even complex cognitive processing. On a much larger, macro level, our lives fit together in unique ways to form societies and local communities which depend upon our bodies' energy and actions in order to sustain some degree of organization. Your own life is composed of the same mechanisms and materials as other lives around you. Understanding this point can help you become more comfortable with the thought of a world without your particular self still being around. Go on meditative walks in nature. Or, you can simply spend more time outside around many different life forms. These activities can be great ways to become more comfortable with the realization that you're a part of a larger world. Try thinking that after you die you will go somewhere happy.  Many religions believe in this. If you ascribe to a particular religion, you may find comfort in considering what your religion believes about the afterlife.


Осознайте, что на определенном этапе вам может требоваться помощь. Выберите опекуна. Примите решения о здоровье уже сейчас. Обратитесь за помощью.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

As we age, our mental abilities will decline whether or not we try to maintain a sharp mind: it's just a fact of life. It is important to surround yourself with people you trust so that as you age, you can trust them to make important decisions for you should the need arise. As people age, they are more likely to remember events that did not actually occur. Having a younger person that you have known for a long time, like a grown child, can help you supplement your memory if you need to recall an event from years past. Before you need one, decide who will serve as your guardian when and if your mental abilities decline. You should hire a lawyer to file appropriate documentation when the time comes.  If you do not assign a guardian, the courts will usually appoint your nearest relative, which could be a brother, sister, spouse, or child. If you have troubled relationships with anyone near you (which is very common), it makes sense to appoint your own so that this important decision is not left up to the court. Write a will indicating your final wishes for your property and end of life care. If you should lose mental functioning, your will ensures that no one makes decisions that go against what you hoped for your future and keeps you in control. You can make big decisions about your future health and care now and put them in writing so that you're your guardian will have to keep your preferences in mind. Your lawyer will help you navigate the process, but will most likely recommend an Advance Directive, which includes a Living Will, Power of Attorney or Proxy (generally, but not necessarily, your guardian), and your preferences for resuscitation and intubation (such as a Do Not Resuscitate order). If you think you might be experiencing a neurological condition such as Alzheimer's or dementia, reach out to those you love and ask for help. There are treatment plans and healthcare options for you to help you if you are battling these conditions.  Symptoms of Alzheimer's can start at any time, but before age 65 it...


Осознайте, что начать лечение как можно раньше крайне важно. Отведите своего ребенка к психотерапевту. Поддерживайте своего ребенка. Помогите своему ребенку справиться с тревожностью. Не пытайтесь просто избегать стрессовых ситуаций. Узнайте у врача о возможности медикаментозного лечения.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The average age of onset for SAD is 13 years old, but it can occur in younger children too. It is linked to the development of depression and substance abuse in adolescents. Therefore, it is extremely important to seek a doctor's advice if you think your child or teen may have SAD. A therapist can be very helpful in determining the source of your child's anxiety, which will help you manage it. The therapist can also help your child through exposure therapy, in which the child gradually faces his fears by being exposed to them in a controlled situation.  The child's therapist can also offer you advice on how to help your child. Another popular treatment is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which can help the child learn to identify and manage negative or unhelpful patterns of thinking. Your child's therapist may even suggest group therapy. This can be helpful for your child, as he will see that he is not alone in his fears and that others struggle just like he does. A family therapist can help you communicate your support for your child and work with him to manage his anxiety. This type of therapy is especially helpful if the child's anxiety is causing other family difficulties. If you are worried that your child has SAD, seek professional help to support your child. Avoid forcing your child to address his shyness such as pushing him to perform or forcing him into social situations that create anxiety. Do what you can to help your child feel more comfortable in social situations.  Make sure that you acknowledge your child’s feelings. Model confidence for your child, such as by being relaxed in social situations. Help your child learn social skills, such as by making friends, shaking hands, making complaints etc. If you child has SAD, it is important to find ways to help your child cope with anxiety. There are several ways that you can help your child cope with anxiety and overcome some of his social anxiety. Some of the ways you can help your child include teaching your child how to do breathing exercises,...


Осознайте, что не существует правильного образа жизни для подростков или надежного способа  жить в свое удовольствие. Не оценивайте себя по канонам средств массовой информации. Каждый год юности не похож на предыдущий.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Everyone is different, especially in their teenage years. There's really no "way" to enjoy being a teenager except for the "way" you make on your own! Some teens prefer to spend their teenage years with friends, while others prefer to study and work; some prefer to be quiet wallflowers, while others are loud and don't care if they stand out. Saying that there's any one way to enjoy your teenage years is wrong—this article is only a guideline and doesn't need to be followed to the letter!  What is enjoyable for you may not be for someone else, and that is OK. Some things are commonly enjoyed by teens, but not by all. Turning 13 does not mean suddenly you wake up and everything has changed. Being a teenager is not necessarily any easier or more difficult than any other life stage. Although adolescence is a time of great change, this does not necessarily mean it will be the most difficult time of your life. If you get wound up with concerns that this new life stage will be fraught with ever-present drama, the truth is that this is just another stage of your life which you will get through as much as you did toddlerhood long ago.  Remember the media presents teenagers inaccurately. Teens and their lives are often very narrowly portrayed on TV, movies, and literature. Be careful on basing your assumptions on what it is like to be an adolescent based on the Disney channel, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central,  MTV, or "High School Musical", as well as some of the older shows such as "The Brady Bunch" or "Father's Knows Best."These are typically fictional stories that while may dramatize aspects of secondary education, may not be your reality. Likewise, be careful of comparing yourself or others to actors in teenage dramas. Often these actors are in their 20s, sometimes even 30s,  atypically model-like, spectacularly talented, and otherwise not necessarily be like your reality.  The homemade videos on YouTube that feature actual teenagers are far more realistic and accurate than the movies and TV.  Many teen movies,...


Осознайте, что некоторым людям необходима помощь в контроле своего гнева. Найдите в своем районе группы по управлению гневом. Посещайте курсы по управлению гневом. Продолжайте посещать группы поддержки. Выполняйте то, чему вы научились на своих занятиях по управлению гневом. Помогите другим с их проблемами.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

If simple coping mechanisms prove ineffective in dealing with your feelings of anger and fail to stop you from reacting angrily, your problem may not be something you can fix on your own. A plethora of books and websites provide techniques for controlling your anger, but you may find you need additional, face-to-face assistance when it comes to coping with your anger. Anger management is not a problem from which you alone suffer. There are likely many groups in your area that can provide you with support in dealing with your anger issues. Research and identify the types of groups that you feel will be the most beneficial for you. Sometimes these groups are composed of regular people like yourself who have problems controlling their anger. Others are headed by licensed professionals. Some of the groups are free and open to the public while others are fee-based and exclusive to certain members of the community. Find a group that is right for you. Searching online, consulting with a doctor or asking a friend or colleague who has had similar issues are all great ways to help you identify legitimate anger management resources in your area. Coming together with individuals who suffer from the same anger management problems as you will provide you with tangible methods for coping with your anger. These groups can also provide a safe place for you to express your feelings of anger in a nurturing and understanding environment. Finally, the support of a group can help you devise and stick to an anger management routine or plan. Anger management sessions provide specific techniques or ways of thinking that help you minimize and control your anger. While books and online resources provide general solutions for anger management, these sessions can help you develop and tailor an anger management routine that is specific for your needs. Even after you have seen some improvement in dealing with your anger issues, it is possible to relapse and fall back into to negative patterns of behavior or thinking. That is why it is...


Осознайте, что новые отношения подруги не связаны с вами. Сосредоточьтесь на том, чтобы быть лучшей версией себя Проводите время с другими друзьями, чтобы отвлечься от ситуации. Займите голову каким-нибудь занятием или увлечением. Побалуйте себя тем, что приносит вам радость. Возобновите дружбу, когда будете готовы.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

It’s okay for you to have your own feelings about your friend’s relationship with your ex. However, remember that your friend and your ex are both separate people from you, and that their relationships are their own.  Respect your friend’s boundaries, just as you would expect them to respect yours. Don’t compare yourself to your friend or think of it as a competition. . Remind yourself that you aren’t defined by your relationships. Taking time to focus on building your strengths can boost your confidence and help you move forward. It can also help you gain a better understanding of who you are as a person, independent of other people in your life.  For example, you might take a class in a subject you’ve always wanted to learn more about, or work towards a personal fitness goal. Call other friends and make plans to hang out or put yourself in social situations so that you can meet new friends. Having friends around for support and being social when you're upset can make you feel better about the situation. You could also explain the situation to your other friend if you need to get it off your chest or talk about it to someone else. Hang out with someone that doesn't know the friend who is dating your ex if you want to avoid any unnecessary drama. Think about activities or hobbies that you like to do so that you don’t obsess over the situation. Doing something you’re passionate about will keep your mind occupied at the task at hand and could make you forget about your friend dating your ex.  Activities and hobbies could include playing an instrument, participating in a sport, playing video games, or reading books. Consider taking a course if there aren’t any hobbies or activities that you like to do. Think of something that really brings you joy, like your favorite food, a trip to the beach, or a relaxing spa day, and treat yourself. You can also spend time with other friends who are emotionally supportive. Doing positive things for yourself can help center you and keep your mind off of the situation. Doing...


Осознайте, что операция — это крайняя мера. Изучите аргументы за и против. Проконсультируйтесь с врачом. Решите, стоит ли похудение такой жертвы. Запланируйте и подготовьтесь к процедуре. Посещайте все плановые приемы и следуйте указаниям врача.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Undergoing surgery to lose weight is a drastic step to take and has the potential to be dangerous. Try every other available method of losing weight before even considering undergoing gastric bypass surgery. There are benefits and disadvantages to undergoing gastric bypass surgery, so it is important to know what benefits it provides as well as the drawbacks associated with the surgery.  The pros include:  You can lose weight very quickly  It provides weight loss solutions when other solutions don’t work  It limits your appetite when you are lacking self-control  It requires little to no physical effort    The cons are:  The surgery is dangerous, expensive, and may not be covered by your insurance  You can rupture your stomach if you eat too much  Your stomach can stretch out over time, meaning the surgery is not permanent  It does not solve the underlying issues of weight gain  It can lead to severe dietary deficiencies A medical professional may be able to help you lose weight without undergoing gastric bypass surgery. He or she may recommend alternative treatments, diets, therapies or workout programs that will help you avoid the complications and limitations of gastric bypass surgery. Also, some people who would be prime candidates for gastric bypass surgery are actually too large to undergo the procedure. This is an equally important reason to visit your doctor and discuss the realities of surgery as a solution to your weight problem. A doctor will tell you if you are an eligible candidate for gastric bypass surgery and should also inform you of the limitations you will face after the surgery. These limitations often include extremely limited ability to intake food, severe dietary restrictions on the types of food you can eat, and discomfort in the stomach during or after eating. Gastric bypass surgery is not to be taken lightly. It is an invasive medical procedure that will require you to take time off of work for recovery and will likely require the assistance of a friend or family member in the hours...


Осознайте, что печаль - это естественное чувство. Дайте волю эмоциям. Используйте матерные слова, если чувствуете в них потребность. Обратитесь к своей духовной стороне. Обратитесь к психологу, если вам сложно справиться со своим состоянием самостоятельно.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The end of a relationship--no matter how long it lasted--is a loss, and with loss comes grief.  Everyone grieves differently, but grief has some common elements. The five stages of grief introduced by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in 1969 have become a universal guideline for what someone experiencing a loss can expect to go through:  denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.  You won't necessarily go through all of these stages in your journey toward healing and even if you do, you may not go through them in order.  Still, it's good to know what you might expect and understand that what you're feeling is perfectly normal. Depending on the circumstances of your breakup, you may also feel sadness, loneliness, regret, anxiety, guilt, insecurity or a variety of other negative emotions. You may also experience physical symptoms of grief.  Headaches, nausea, insomnia, loss of appetite, weight gain, aches, pains and fatigue are not uncommon for someone going through a breakup. Keeping your emotions bottled up can prolong the pain you feel.  This is the time to reach out to friends and family members who are good listeners.  Or if you're not much of a talker, you can share your thoughts in a journal or blog.  Talk to someone you trust. Turn to your mom, your grandma, your aunt, even your cousin or best friend. Sharing your feelings and knowing that someone else understands what you're going through can ease the burden of your grief. Have an imaginary conversation with your ex.  One study showed that people who had imaginary conversations and then said goodbye to their partner had more relief from grief than those who didn't.   Write a letter to your ex--but don't send it.  Rather than fuming about what you should have said and what you'd say now if you ran into your ex, commit those thoughts and feelings to paper.  Don't worry about being terribly coherent, and good grammar and spelling certainly don't count here.  The idea is to get the anger, sadness, resentment and whatever other emotions out of your system...


Осознайте, что подначивание — это игра. Поймите, что обидчику весело дразнить людей. Знайте, что все зависит от вашей реакции.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Although every bully or teaser has a different reason for why they pick on someone, the reason they all choose to tease is because they see it as a game. When you react, they win the game; when you don’t react, you win. Losing isn’t very fun, which is why minimizing your reaction usually makes a bully move on. If someone is teasing you because they like you, it’s still a game, but not reacting won’t make them stop—rather, it might help them to confess their feelings of attraction and be honest with you. You have to understand that bullies tease because it is fun for them. It is an entertainment they engage in to make themselves feel good and forget negative feelings. They don’t always pick on others because they don’t like them or have low opinions of them. Once you see that it’s not always as personal as it sounds, this can make it easier not to let the teasing get under your skin. Ask around about your bully’s background and see if there isn’t something sad about their life. Having compassion for your bully is also a way to stop letting teasing get to you. It’s always important to understand that teasing is all about your reaction. When you don’t react, the game is over, and you have won. Bottom line, the best way to react when someone teases you is to not react.


Осознайте, что разочарование приходит изнутри. Определите точную причину возникшего чувства. Справьтесь с грустью. Уменьшите свои запросы.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Yes, a birthday is a special day, and yes, you deserve to feel warmth and love on your birthday. But nowhere is there a rule that says the entire world must revolve around you on that day. Disappointment is a feeling that is conjured internally, and thus realizing that you are creating your own misery is key to changing how you think about the day. Because disappointment is a feeling that is created internally, isolating the exact emotion causing the disappointment can help you move past the bad mood.  Do you feel rejected?  Especially since everything is posted on social media, even small rejections, like not many people writing “Happy birthday!” on your wall, can feel intensely hurtful. Try to remember that anyone reaching out in any manner is a wonderful gesture; it’s not a competition for the most postings or likes. Are you worried about outstanding goals? If expectations of where your life should be are causing your bad mood, reflect on when and why you came up with that goal in the first place. Comparing yourself to others is never a good idea, and maybe the goals you made for yourself when you were younger no longer match what you really want for yourself now. Are you brooding over one particular person not wishing you well on your birthday?  Perhaps an ex or a crush didn’t reach out on your birthday, which can sting. Instead of thinking about the one person who didn’t call, think about those who did. Reread the cards or wall posts you received, and redirect your thinking. Rehashing the negatives of the day will not change the situation or the people you feel neglected you on your birthday. Thinking about it will not change what happened, but it will make you feel worse. Instead, redirect your thoughts and focus on something positive. For example:  Think about all that you have accomplished in the past year and beyond. You might not be where you thought you'd be at this time, but you shouldn’t negate the goals you did accomplish. Take a minute to make a list of “wins” for the year! Make a plan for what...


Осознайте, что существует множество разных видов отношений. Общайтесь открыто. Имейте в виду, что асексуальные люди могут вступать в интимную связь. Не ждите, что асексуальный человек изменится.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Just as there are friendships, mother-daughter relationships, father-son relationships, and an innumerable amount of other types of platonic (non-sensual) relationships, there are many types of romantic relationships aside from just sexual romantic relationships. Dating an asexual person may open your eyes to new types of relationships, which could include:  Romantic non-sexual relationships, which often involve physical affection, cuddling, and commitment. Aromantic non-sexual relationships, which involve a deep commitment to one another. While these relationships can include physical affection, there is no sexual or romantic element. Regardless of the circumstances, dating is always about getting to know someone better, and dating someone who identifies as asexual is no different. The key to any relationship is free and open communication. It’s important to discuss personal boundaries early in any relationship, so that partners know what is acceptable, what’s unacceptable, and what is and isn’t expected of each other. If you are unsure of something, it’s always best to just ask! It’s important not to be offended if someone you’re dating comes out to you as asexual. It’s not an excuse and it’s not an attempt to get out of the relationship. That person is just trying to be honest and open. Asexual people often partake in romantic partnerships or relationships, but whether a person is open to physical or sexual intimacy depends on the individual. But dating doesn’t necessarily require physical or sexual interaction, and two people can develop a strong emotional or romantic relationship with or without a sexual element: intimacy is much more than just physical touching or sexual activity.  An asexual partner may or may not be open to sexual activity, so it’s important to communicate so that everyone involved is on the same page. Feeling sexual pleasure is different from feeling sexual attraction, and some asexual people can enjoy sex. Conversely, some asexual people are not interested in sex at all, and will...


Осознайте, что тазовая область может не сразу среагировать во время вторых родов. Подготовьтесь к тому, что ваши вторые роды будут потенциально более быстрыми, чем первые. Займите позицию, которая уменьшит ваши шансы на эпизиотомию.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

You’ll notice certain differences between your first pregnancy and your second pregnancy which might raise many queries in your mind.  At the time of your first pregnancy, your baby’s head becomes engaged in your pelvis more quickly when compared to your second pregnancy. In the case of second pregnancies, the head might not become engaged until your labor starts. Second labors tend to proceed more quickly and last for a shorter amount of time when compared to the first.  This is because the cervix muscles are thicker and take more time to dilate when you are in your first labor, but in the subsequent delivery the cervix dilates faster. In a second labor, the vaginal muscles and the muscles of the pelvic floor are already stretched by the previous birth and have become laxer. This helps to make your second baby arrive more quickly and to make the advanced labor stages less difficult for you. If you have had an episiotomy or tear during your first delivery and are still traumatized by the experience, the best tip to escape it during your second baby is to get into an upright posture and push while you are in the labor’s second stage.  When you take an upright posture, you are actually using Newton’s simple scientific theory of gravity, the force which pulls your baby out into this world without any cuts or tears on your body! However, this is not a fool-proof way of avoiding episiotomy. Some women still needs an episiotomy despite taking these measures.


Осознайте, что у вас есть свобода выбора. Проявите твердость. Проведите переоценку ценностей. Мечтайте по-крупному.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The three C’s of life are blatantly true: Choices. Chances. Changes. You have to be the one that makes a choice to take a chance, or your life will never change. Only you have that power. And it’s yours to do with as you please. Everyone else has the same choice. Living life on your own terms starts with the knowledge that you can do just that (i.e. live life on your own terms), if you so choose Everything you see around you in day-to-day life, and every person you frequently make contact with is there because of a choice you made. If you don’t like how your life is, make the choice to change it. Now. When you are steadily requiring guidance from those around you, you give up control of how your life plays out. This can translate to letting others make decisions for you, depending on others for financial help, or waiting on them before you make a move. Always maintain control of your life. Even when you ask for others’ advice, thoughtfully consider their suggestions, but always be the one  who makes the final decision. Who you are as a person, what kind of people you surround yourself with, what you do for a living, what you are passionate about: all of these are guided by your personal values. Values are traits – in yourself and others – that you hold dear. Along with your individual belief system, values influence your entire life. Learn what your values are by taking a personal values assessment. Understanding your values helps you grasp a deeper understanding of yourself, what motivates you, and what your dreams are. Do an internet search for "personal values assessment" and you should get a list of different tests you can take. As you move towards living life on your own terms, you must get a handle on exactly what that means to you. Does that mean moving to another country? Does that mean dropping out of your current major to take up a new subject? Or, does that simply meaning cutting the puppet strings that someone else has used to control your decisions?  Sit down with a pen and paper and consider...


Осознайте, что это не ваше решение. Решите, является ли татуировка камнем преткновения. Откройте положительные аспекты татуировки.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Once you and your partner have talked openly and honestly about the tattoo, you need to respect that this is not your body and therefore not your decision. You may not like the tattoo, but if you want to remain in a relationship with your partner, then it is a good idea to accept the fact that you have no control over what your partner puts on their body. You can always offer your opinion, but the ultimate decision is up to your partner about whether or not to get a tattoo. You may decide that you dislike tattoos so much that you can no longer be in a relationship with your partner. In some instances, the best way for you to cope is to leave the relationship. For example, if your partner got a tattoo that you found offensive, you may decide that you cannot be in a relationship with that person anymore. Try asking yourself some questions to determine your feelings for this person:  “What was it that initially attracted me to my partner? Is that attraction still there, or has it changed now because of the tattoo? Why?” “What is the true root cause of my concerns with the tattoo?” “What emotions am I feeling that are associated with the tattoo? Why am I feeling these emotions? Are the emotions actually attached to the tattoo, or the fact that my partner made the decision without talking to me?” “Is the root cause of my emotions/concerns something that I can control or manage through healthy coping skills? Is it something that may need to be address with a counseling professional? Or is this something I am able to resolve on my own?” You may be able to cope best with the tattoo if you are able to find something you like about it. For instance, maybe it is small and not that noticeable so you can learn to live with it. Or maybe the tattoo is in a non-visible location and is predominantly hidden by clothes. Try and find something positive about the tattoo to help you cope. As time goes on you will likely get used to the tattoo.


Осознание необходимости операции. Дренажные имплантаты. Лазерная хирургия. Фильтрационная хирургия.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

If high pressure persists, it can cause damage to the optic nerve, leading to an eye condition called glaucoma. Over time, glaucoma can lead to vision loss. Glaucoma is usually treated using a combination of eye drops and oral medications. However, if these measures don't work, surgery will be necessary to lower pressure in the eyes.  Surgery for glaucoma helps to improve the flow of fluid within the eyes, lowering eye pressure as a result. Sometimes, a single surgery will not be enough to adequately relieve eye pressure and treat glaucoma. In this situation, a follow-up surgery may be necessary. There are several types of surgery used to treat glaucoma, depending on the severity of the condition. Drainage implants are usually used to treat high eye pressure in children and in people with advanced glaucoma. During the procedure, a small tube is inserted into the eye to facilitate the drainage of fluid. Once the fluid is drained, pressure in the eye is reduced. Trabeculoplasty is a type of laser surgery that uses a high-energy laser beam to open blocked drainage canals in the eyes, allowing the excess fluid to drain. This procedure is normally performed on an outpatient basis. After the surgery, eye pressure is checked periodically to ensure that the procedure was successful.  Another type of laser surgery is iridotomy. This type of laser is used in people with very narrow drainage angles in the eyes. During this procedure, a small hole is created on the top part of the iris to allow for the drainage of fluid. If laser iridotomy doesn't work, peripheral iridotomy may be done. This procedure involves removing a small part of the iris to improve fluid drainage. This type of surgery is relatively rare. Trabeculectomy is a type of surgical procedure used as a last resort in the treatment of high eye pressure if eye drops and laser surgery remain unsuccessful.  In this procedure, a surgeon creates an opening in the sclera (the white part of the eye) and removes a small piece of tissue in the base of the cornea....


Осознанно подойдите к своим мыслям и убеждениям. Напомните себе, что мысли — это всего лишь мысли. Найдите провоцирующие факторы (триггеры) собственных негативных мыслей. Знайте, что существуют различные типы негативных мыслей. Попробуйте самостоятельно заняться когнитивно-поведенческой терапией. Поборите мышление по типу "все или ничего". Боритесь с фильтрацией мыслей. Старайтесь избегать поспешных умозаключений. Остерегайтесь эмоциональных реакций. Избегайте чрезмерного обобщения. Отдавайте себе отчет обо всех мыслях, в том числе негативных.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Make the decision that you are going to play an active role in determine your own thoughts. You can control what you think about. This means making a daily effort to consciously program thoughts or affirmations into your mind as well as learning to be mindful and more present. Remember that you are a special, one-of-a-kind person that deserves love and respect - from others and from yourself. The first step to getting rid of negative thoughts is making a commitment to doing so.  It is often helpful to choose a particular thought or unhelpful "rule" that you want to focus on changing, rather than trying to completely eradicate all negative thinking overnight.  For example, you could select negative thoughts about whether you deserve love and friendship to start with. Those negative thoughts you encounter are not facts. They are the product of negative core beliefs that you've adopted over the course of your life. Reminding yourself that your thoughts are not facts, and that your thoughts don't define you, will help you distance yourself from unhelpful negative thinking. For example, instead of saying “I'm stupid,” say, “I'm having a thought that is stupid.” Instead of saying, “I'm going to flunk the exam” say “I'm thinking I'm going to fail this test.” The difference is subtle but important in re-training your consciousness and eradicating negative thinking. Knowing exactly why we have negative thoughts is hard to pinpoint, but there are several hypotheses about why this happens. According to some researchers, negative thoughts are a byproduct of evolution in which we are constantly scanning our environment for clues about danger or looking for places of improvement or things to fix. Sometimes negative thoughts are brought on by anxiety or worry, in which you are thinking about all that could go wrong or could be dangerous, humiliating, or anxiety-provoking. Additionally, negative thinking or pessimism can be learned from your parents or family when you were young. Negative thinking is also associated with...


Оспаривайте предположения. Станьте любознательным человеком! Ищите правду. Ищите креативные решения Собирайте информацию.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

To be a more effective thinker you're going to need to challenge the assumptions you make. Your thinking is going to be directly influenced by that of your cultural and social surroundings. You will need to determine for yourself whether or not this thinking is productive or useful. Consider multiple points of view. If you hear something, even something that sounds good, pursue it through other sources. Look for facts that support or refute it and see what other people have to say. For example: say you hear that bras can give women cancer and it sounds like an interesting theory (also, now you're worried about wearing a bra), so you start to look into it. Eventually you'll wade through the claims and find that there isn't any evidence to support this claim, but if you hadn't considered multiple points of view, you wouldn't have uncovered the truth, so to speak. People who are considered "great thinkers" are people who have cultivated their curiosity. They ask questions about the world and about themselves, and they look for answers to these questions.  Ask people about themselves. You don't have to be super invasive, but when you meet someone, ask them questions about themselves (where are you from? what did you study in school? why did you choose to study that? and so on). People love to talk about themselves and you will find out many interesting things you might not otherwise have learned. Practice curiosity about the world in general. For example, if you're flying on a plane, look into the mechanics of flying, how air currents work, maybe even the history of the plane (don't just look at the Wright brothers). When you get a chance, go to museums (they often have free days at least once a month), go to library events, or lectures at your local college. These are all great ways to satisfy your curiosity about the world without it costing much or anything. " The difficult part about this step is that there isn't always one ultimate "truth." Still, doing the best you can to get to the heart of a matter...


Оставайтесь в безопасной среде. Присмотритесь к подозрительной деятельности по сбыту наркотиков. Остерегайтесь подозрительной террористической деятельности. Сообщите подробности преступления, свидетелем которого вы стали. Обратитесь в местные органы правопорядка.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Avoid walking by yourself at night, particularly though poorly lit areas. Stay alert to your surroundings, and be mindful of people who may be watching or following you. Drug houses, where illegal drugs are bought and sold, can appear in any kind of neighborhood, especially ones where people are generally isolated. If you notice the signs of drug activity surrounding a house in your neighborhood, take note, and contact the police. These can include:  Excessive or unusual foot traffic around a house. This can involve many people coming and going, people loitering around, or frequent visitors quickly entering and leaving. Frequent traffic stops, especially if someone from the house comes out to talk to these cars. Threatening activity, including obvious intimidation and violence, or a sudden increase in criminal activity around the house. The direct exchange of drugs and money. Keep an eye out for strange or unusual situations that can indicate a crime or potential crime involving terrorism. These can include:  Unattended briefcases, suitcases, backpacks, or other packages. Unusual smells or fumes. Strangers asking questions about security procedures, or taking photos or videos of a building's security features. In order to help, police will need as much detail as possible. Get as much information as you can to share with law enforcement. If possible, be sure to include:  The crime being committed. The crime's location. A physical address is good, but you can also note important landmarks nearby. If you are in an urbanized area, the nearest cross streets are good to know. A description of the suspect. Look for any kind of distinguishing physical characteristic, including height, weight, build, skin and hair color, and physical markings (like scars or tattoos). You don't need all of these things, but the more detail you can get, the better it will be. Any items in use. Are the criminals armed? Do they have tools to carry out the specific crime they are committing? A description of the victim. This can be the...


Оставайтесь в курсе событий. Найдите местные маршруты эвакуации. Обсудите и изучите план действий в чрезвычайной ситуации. Проинформируйте своих детей. Выберите местоположение эвакуации. Храните физическую копию плана экстренной помощи. Отложите немного денег.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

How often you watch the Weather Channel is up to you, but if you start to feel overwhelmed or panicky, turn it off. Keep in mind that many hurricanes are slow movers. Once you hear about it, chances are you have several days to finalize your plans. Avoid letting your guard down or taking things too leniently, however, as hurricanes have been known to pick up speed or shift course unexpectedly. Being aware of the forecast will allow you and your family to plan for the worst and be prepared for it. Check the websites of your local city and state to find information on what roads they advise people use in the case of escaping from a hurricane zone. Make sure to check all the options they provide to see which ones would work best. Plan on using a few since you might not be leaving your home if the storm comes in fast. Make sure everyone in the family knows who to contact and how to get a hold of them as an out of area contact. If anyone somehow becomes separated, you want to make sure that every family member knows where to go to get to safety. Make sure they know enough information so that an adult can get in touch with that person should sudden evacuation be necessary when you aren't near them. If you have young children, write important contact information on an index card and give it to them in case they are somehow separated from you. If your older children have cell phones, make sure that your contact information and any other emergencies numbers are programmed into their contact list. This may be the home of the friend or family member you made plans with. Talk with them beforehand and make sure that they will be in town around the time that the hurricane is supposed to hit. Be sure to research where the nearest shelters just in case you have to find shelter immediately.  You should evacuate if:  You live in a mobile home or RV. They are unsafe even in a Category 1 storm. You live in a high-rise building. Winds are stronger at higher altitudes, and this will cause the building to sway. You live near an...


Оставайтесь в помещении. Опустите жалюзи и закройте шторы. Держитесь подальше от окон, которые нельзя закрыть шторами. Закройте двери.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

According to the laws and culture in most countries, it is (fortunately or unfortunately) important to keep your beautiful body to yourself.  Unless you have a very well protected back yard, stay indoors and avoid being seen by anyone at all.   You don't want any unexpected company bursting in during this sensitive experiment. For more information on how to avoid being seen, check out How to Not Be Seen Naked.


Оставайтесь в своем номере, если огонь в холле блокирует все выходы, или если коридор сильно заполнен дымом. Вылезайте через окно и спрыгните, если это безопасно. Если вам кажется, что в коридоре безопасно, направьтесь к ближайшему выходу. Считайте двери к выходу и оставайтесь на той стороне коридора,в которой выход. Если лестница не заполнена дымом, воспользуйтесь ею, чтобы выйти из здания. Получите необходимую медицинскую помощь.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Even if flames are not present, thick smoke can kill you, so unless your room is on fire or also filled with heavy smoke, you're probably better off staying inside.  If there is smoke present in the room, open the windows and turn on the bathroom vent if available. Place wet towels at the bottom of the door and around any other cracks around the doorway.  The wet towels will help keep smoke out of the room.  Fill the bathtub with water. Use an ice bucket, trashcan, or suitcase to throw water onto the door or any other hot surface or spot fire in the room.  If you have a fire extinguisher in the room, or if you're able to safely get one from the hallway, keep it close at hand and be ready to use it. Create a mask by wetting a towel or article of clothing and tying it around your nose and mouth. Remember, smoke inhalation is deadly and most fire fatalities are caused by smoke or toxic gas inhalation.  Do all you can to minimize the amount of smoke you're exposed to. If you have a ground-floor room, you can probably just climb out the window to safety. Remember you should not attempt to jump from higher than two stories unless your life is imminently threatened. You should also not jump if you can see dangerous obstructions below your window, or if there is a fire outside your window. If the conditions are right, and you are certain that you can not easily or safely exit the building through the halls, do not hesitate to use the window. Otherwise, wait as long as possible for rescuers to come before jumping from a window. If fire or smoke is present outside your window, close the window, tear down the curtains or drapes and move combustible objects away from the window. Bring your key(s), flashlight and moist-cloth mask with you. Close your room door behind you.  Closing the door will help to keep smoke out of the room, which could save your life if you need to return to the room.  Stay low. If even the slightest amount of smoke is present, or if it is dark and you can not tell if smoke is present, crawl in the...


Оставайтесь в спокойном настроении. Тратьте ежедневно по 5-10 минут на массаж. Приступайте к массажу неторопливо в излюбленном месте для ласк у кошки. Для массажа пользуйтесь всей кистью руки. Следите за реакциями кошки в процессе массажа.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Take deep breaths and adopt a calm manner. If you are tense or trying to rush through the massage, your pet will sense that and won’t want to get a massage from you. A massage doesn’t have to take a long time. Just 5-10 minutes every day will be sufficient. Spend about a minute massaging each part of your cat’s body to get him nice and relaxed. Start the massage by stroking your cat at a slow speed so that your cat gets used to the feel of the massage. Pick your cat’s favorite spot, whether it’s under his chin, on his back or behind the ears. Starting with a familiar place will make your cat more amenable to being massaged all over. Many people stroke their cats with their fingertips. This touch might be too light for the cat to feel much, especially along the back or belly. Use your full hand and apply some gentle pressure to the cat’s body as you’re stroking it. Save your fingertips for massaging the head and face. You can use just one hand or both hands. Throughout the massage, pay attention to how your cat responds. If your cat keeps trying to get up, he might not be in the mood to get a massage. If he is blinking, purring, drooling, falling asleep, or even looking a little dazed, he is probably enjoying the massage immensely. If your cat suddenly scratches or bites you, his skin might be getting over-stimulated. Cats’ skin is extremely sensitive and if it’s over-stimulated, it can actually hurt the cat. Get to know how your cat responds to being petted on different parts of his body.


Оставайтесь в стороне. Будьте скрытными. Избегайте быть в центре внимания. Слушайте.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

When you are in a group of people, don't jump into the conversation right away. Wait until you are introduced, then you can join the conversation a little bit at a time. You still don't want to be over exuberant, just talk to one or two people at a time. Make sure your body language doesn't seem closed off. You want to seem open to intimate conversation but not overly interested in every detail of each conversation. This is true for the kinds of activities you undertake as well. Avoid loud parties or large clubs. Being coy means hanging on the sidelines, trying not to be noticed. You want instead to attend small, intimate gatherings. Whether it is at work with your colleagues or with people you don't know, you should keep to yourself. Don't divulge unnecessary information to people at work or tell them about your personal problems. If you are around your closest friends, feel free to talk about how your boyfriend dumped you or the problems you are having house training your new puppy. If you just met someone, however, keep your distance and keep your thoughts and feelings to yourself. You want to feel out how people are and how they act in order to know what kind of person they are before you try to instigate a friendship. You should also try to avoid over sharing when asked questions. You don't want to divulge information about yourself to random people. Once you get to know someone, then you can start telling them more intimate details about yourself. When you are trying to be coy, you don't want to be the center of attention. This goes for attitude and dress. You shouldn't wear clothes that try to grab the attention of those around you or put you in the center of the action. It is harder to make close friendships if you are constantly surrounded by tons of people. If you try to stick to the sidelines, those people that do notice you will be more likely to be interested in getting to know you for who you are. If you are typically on the outskirts, listen to those around you. Take in the information that...


Оставайтесь в тени между 10 утра и 4 часами вечера. Будьте особенно осторожны возле воды, снега и песка. Защититесь от солнца, которое проникает в дом и автомобиль.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

During these hours, the sun is at its peak. You're most likely to get skin damage during this time of day.  If you're going to be out in the sun, seek shade from trees, patios, and other objects whenever possible. You may want to limit your exposure to the sun during these hours, especially if you have sensitive skin. Sun is sometimes reflected off of water, snow, and sand. This means that, even in the winter, sunscreen and sun protection is important. Your chance of sunburn increases near snow, water, and sand. Make sure to take extra precautions around these terrains. Always wear sunscreen, sunglasses, and wear clothing that covers your body. The sun can actually cause damage, even if you're inside. Transparent window film screens can be installed to block out the sun's rays. You should also wear sunscreen, even when riding in your car or sitting by a window in your house.  Remember, film screens only provide protection when windows are closed. If you have a sunroof, avoid using it. You should also avoid driving with the roof down if you have a convertible. Sun can also penetrate the windows in your home, leaving you exposed to UVA rays. It's a good idea to draw your blinds during peak hours or stay away from the windows. You can also wear sunscreen in your home.


Оставайтесь в штрафной, опекая другого разыгрывающего. Применяйте сильную защитную схему. Следите за передачами. Предотвращайте быстрые прорывы атакующей команды.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Just like on offense, the point guard usually stays at the perimeter of the key or near the three point line on defense. This positions him well to guard the opposing team's point guard, essentially playing the reverse of the role that he played on offense. This allows you to put the pressure on the opponent's point guard that's needed to prevent him from simply shooting or driving to the hoop as soon as he get up court. As on offense, however, there are plenty of cases in which you'll need to move from this default position depending on what the offense does. For instance, if the point guard passes the ball to a teammate and then moves toward the hoop, you'll want to stay on him, denying him an easy path to the basket. In this case, there's a chance that he's looking to get the ball back under the hoop for an easy lay up, so stay between him and the hoop. It's a common saying in basketball that defense is 90% heart, 10% skill — in other words, the strategy is simpler, but your physicality is more important. To be the most effective defensive player you can be, be conscious of the way you're using your body to guard your opponent. Below are some general defensive tips for point guards:  Stay low. Keeping your shoulders low and your hips back while you guard an opponent makes it easier for you to react to his motions — especially if he tries to blow around you. Keep your hands ready. Most defensive players keep at least one hand up when their opponent is within shooting range to block his shots. Many also like to keep one hand low to block passes and make steal attempts. Stay about an arm's length from your opponent. If you're too far away, your opponent may be able to get a shot off before you block him, but if you're too close, he'll have an easy time blowing around you. Have quick footwork. Use choppy, short steps like a lineman in football. The quicker your steps are, the quicker you'll be able to react to an opponent's change in direction. Since you're guarding the opponent's point guard, you'll need to...


Оставайтесь верны себе. Поделитесь своими талантами. Проявите свои умственные способности. Продемонстрируйте свое чувство юмора Будьте уверены в себе

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

. It’s important that you stay true to yourself, and don’t let others influence you negatively. Don’t feel as though you have to change your interests or opinions based on what others like. A strong sense of self will earn the respect of others. For instance, if everyone in your peer group is eating pizza for lunch, and you don’t like pizza, don’t feel as though you have to eat it too. Select what you like, and if someone comments on it, simply say “I’m not a big fan of pizza. I like getting my lunch from the salad bar better.” Show people what you are good at, and encourage them to do the same. Everyone has unique skills, so don’t worry if you aren’t good at everything you try. Simply showcase the things you do well, and appreciate others that can do things that you may struggle with.  For example, if you are a skilled runner, join the track or cross-country team. If someone you know has a great voice, encourage them to join the choir or try out for the spring musical. Intelligence is a highly respected trait, so don’t be afraid of letting people see your smart side. You should give all your schoolwork maximum effort, volunteer answers in class, and offer to tutor a student having trouble with something you understand well.  Don’t brag or boast about your intelligence, though, just let it speak for itself. Sometimes, you will make mistakes. If someone proves you wrong, thank them, or say something like "I stand corrected!" . Make others laugh by telling them a good joke or a funny story. Watch funny shows or listen to comedy skits for inspiration. You can even do an Internet search for funny jokes so you have a few on hand at any given time. Just avoid jokes that are inappropriate, or that demean or make fun of different genders or racial groups.  Don’t take yourself too seriously. If something embarrassing happens, just brush it off with a smile and a laugh. Take note of other people's reactions. What's funny to one person may not be funny to the next. . Confidence goes hand in hand with respect. Accept and...


Оставайтесь внутри вашего автомобиля или палатки. Сохраняйте тепло, избегайте сырости. Пейте воду. Определитесь, что делать, когда снежная буря закончится. Если необходимо, окажите медицинскую помощь.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

When the snow starts piling up and it becomes clear that you're stuck on the road or your campsite, your best bet is to stay there. Venturing out in the snow increases the mortality rate in this type of situation, since visibility is usually close to zero and the temperature and wind are unpredictable its not worth the risk. Hunker down and plan to wait out the storm.  If you're with other people, do not send a person out for help. This is extremely risky and is not likely to end well. It's important to stay together until the storm has passed or you're rescued. If you're stuck outside without a car or tent, it's imperative that you find some sort of shelter. Seek out a cave or an overhang, or look for a tarp or other materials you can use to fashion a shelter. If all else fails, build a snow cave to serve as insulation. Keep the windows rolled up or the tent flap closed while you're inside. Wrap your coat, blanket, tarp, or any other type of material you have with you around your body to stay warm and to prevent frostbite. If you're with another person, use each other's body heat, too.  If you're out in the wilderness, build a fire close by to keep warm and serve as a signal to attract attention. If you're in the car, let the engine run with the heat on to stay warm. However, it's very important that you don't keep the engine running if the exhaust pipe clogs with snow; this could lead to carbon monoxide poisoning, which is deadly. This is a very important way to keep your body healthy while you're trapped. If you don't have a water supply, stay hydrated by melting snow and drinking it. Put some in a container and melt it using the fire you built or your car's heater.  Do not eat snow. This is harmful to the body. Melt the snow and drink it instead.  If you have food, ration it to make it last over several days. Do not eat full meals. When the snow stops falling and the sun comes back out, your physical state will help you determine what comes next. You may be able to dig your way out of your car or tent or...


Оставайтесь внутри. Примите меры предосторожности. Опуститесь на пол. Найдите безопасное место. Оставайтесь на месте. Оставайтесь в кровати. Прикрывайте голову и лицо. Попытайтесь сохранять спокойствие.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

It can be tempting to run outside when an earthquake happens. After all, nothing can fall on you there. However, you likely won't make it outside before things start falling, so it's better to find a safe place inside than to try to make it outside. Turn off the stove quickly before taking cover. If there are candles lit, blow these out as well. It is important to take safety precautions before the quake gets worse. The safest place for you in an earthquake is on your floor. However, don't lie flat on the floor. Instead, get on your hands and knees. This crawling position is the best for two reasons. One, it gives you a chance to move if you need to. Two, it provides you with some protection from falling objects. The best place for you in an earthquake is under a table. A table provides protection from falling objects. A desk is also a good option.  Try to move away from the kitchen. Also, try to get away from your fireplace, large appliances, glass, and heavy furniture, as any of it can injure you. If you can't get under a table, move to an interior wall, and cover your head. In a large building, move away from windows and exterior walls if possible. Also, don't get on the elevator. Most modern buildings are built to withstand earthquakes, as they are built to flex. In older buildings, you may be slightly safer on a higher floor, but you shouldn't try to move floors during an earthquake.  A doorway isn't the safest place in modern houses, as it isn't any stronger than any other part of the house. In addition, you can still be hit by falling or flying objects in a doorway. Once you've found a good position, stay where you are. Don't move from that position until the earthquake is over. Remember, many earthquakes have aftershocks, too.  Make sure to grab onto whatever you're hiding under. It should help provide you with some stability. If the furniture you are under shifts, stay with it. The earthquake may move it around. If you're already in bed, don't try to get up. You are safer there than if you tried to...


Оставайтесь дома до полного выздоровления. Принимайте обезболивающие и жаропонижающие лекарственные препараты, которые можно купить без рецепта. Применяйте увлажнитель воздуха, Пейте больше жидкости. Если у вас симптомы коронавирусной инфекции и вы посещали за последние 14 дней эпидемиологически неблагополучные по COVID-19 страны, либо тесно контактировали с человеком, находящимся под наблюдением по COVID-19 или заболевшим этой инфекцией, врач обязан будет госпитализировать вас в инфекционное отделение. Вызовите скорую помощь, если ваше состояние ухудшилось.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

Staying home will help prevent you from spreading the infection to others. Additionally, getting plenty of rest is vital for helping your body fight the infection and recover. While you’re infected, stay home from work or school and avoid strenuous activities around the house. Get as much sleep as you can. Ask your doctor for advice about when you can return to your regular activities. They may recommend waiting for up to 14 days or even longer after your symptoms have cleared up. If you have symptoms such as body aches, headaches, or a fever, you can get relief with medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), or naproxen (Aleve). If you are over 18, you can also use aspirin as a pain reliever and fever reducer.  Never give aspirin to children or teens under 18, since it can cause a potentially fatal condition called Reye’s Syndrome. Always follow the dosing instructions on the label or given to you by your doctor or pharmacist. Before taking any medication, let your doctor know if you are pregnant or nursing. to ease your cough. A humidifier can help soothe your throat, lungs, and nasal passages, which can ease coughing. Additionally, it helps thin out mucus so your coughs are more productive. Set one up by your bed at night and wherever you spend most of your time resting during the day. Taking a hot shower or sitting in the bathroom with the shower running can also bring relief and help loosen up mucus in your lungs and sinuses. It’s easy to get dehydrated when you’re sick. While you’re recovering from coronavirus, keep sipping on water, juice, or other clear fluids to fight dehydration and loosen up congestion. Warm liquids, such as broth, tea, or warm water with lemon, can be especially soothing if you have a cough or sore throat. It's extremely important that you stay home until you are no longer contagious so you don't spread the virus to others. Your doctor will tell you when it's okay for you to return to your normal activities. Check with your doctor before you go out,...


Оставайтесь дома. Проветривайте комнату. Прикрывайте рот. Носите маску. Закончите ваш курс лечения.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

If you have active TB, you will need to take precautionary steps to avoid passing the disease onto others. You will need to stay at home from work or school for several weeks following diagnoses and avoid sleeping or spending long periods of time in a room with other people. You should also refrain from having visitors in the home until you are no longer infectious. The TB virus spreads more easily in enclosed spaces with stagnant air. Therefore, you should open any windows or doors to let fresh air in and contaminated air out. For this reason, you should also sleep alone rather than in the same room as other members of the household. Just like when you have a cold, you will need to cover your mouth whenever you cough, sneeze or even laugh. You can use your hand if necessary, but using a tissue is preferable. If you are forced to be around people, it's a good idea to wear a surgical mask that covers your mouth and nose, at least during the first three weeks following infection. This helps to lessen the risk of you passing the bacteria to someone else. It is absolutely essential that you finish whatever course of medication your doctor prescribes. Failing to do so gives the TB bacteria a chance to mutate, making the virus much more resistant to medications, and therefore more deadly. Finishing your course of medications is the safest option not only for you, but for those around you.


Оставайтесь естественным. Слушайте великие группы. Переходите на крик. Найдите свой головной голос. Усмехайтесь во время пения. Заботьтесь о своем голосе.

Given the above summary, write a detailed text in English for it.

The most important part of fronting a punk band is to be authentic. If you're up there posing like you're something you're not, people will boo you off the stage faster than Nickelback at a metal fest. People will quickly hear if you're affecting a "punk voice," or being fake, so sing in the most natural, but aggressive form of your own voice.  Although it has grown into a commodity, and you can buy studded belts and Ramones tees at the mall, punk has roots in anti-establishmentism and class consciousness. The earliest punk bands were fronted by angry working class youths.  Anyone can be a punk singer nowadays, but it's important to understand the historical context of the music you want to perform. The best way to get a primer on great punk vocals is to listen to great punk music. It's important to explore punk rock from different eras and seek out the vocalists who pioneered the sound, and vocalists who are doing it right today. Check out:  Greg Graffin from Bad Religion Keith Morris from Circle Jerks and OFF! Patti Smith Henry Rollins from Black Flag Johnny Rotten from Sex Pistols Joan Jett Joey Ramone from The Ramones David Vanian from The Damned Jello Biafra from the Dead Kennedys A punk voice should sound a lot like your regular singing voice, but amplified into a louder version of itself. When you're done singing a punk song, your throat should feel raw, which is how you know you're doing it right.  Generally, punk vocals don't move up and down much, but hang on a single note, or a few notes. Volume is more important than vocal acrobatics. Popularized by some forms of progressive hardcore or "screamo," a different form of vocalizing is sometimes just called "screaming," with some bands even designating a particular screamer to the line-up. For more on this style of singing, read this article. Unlike metal singing or even country singing, which have very specific, established sounds that are associated with the voice, punk songs can be sung by all sorts of different vocalists. Mostly, though, we...