First, read the English article below.

The stronger the magnet, the easier it will be to magnetize the screwdriver. Ideally, find a neodymium magnet or other rare-earth magnet with a pull force of at least ¼ pound. These are available at hardware stores or online. If you don't mind destroying an old hard drive, you can disassemble it to get two strong magnets. Remove any grime from the screwdriver. If you need to use a damp cloth, dry the tool thoroughly afterward. Touch one end of the magnet to the metal surface of the screwdriver, next to the handle. Drag it down to the tip. This causes small magnetic regions (domains) in the steel to align in the direction of the magnet's field. On a large screwdriver, magnetize the half closest to the tip instead of the whole tool. Take the magnet off the screwdriver, then drag it from the handle to the tip again. Repeat this several times, using the same end of the magnet each time. Do not drag the magnet back from the tip to the handle. This will undo your work. Rotate the screwdriver by a quarter turn. Drag the magnet from handle to tip again several times. Repeat with the third and fourth sides of the screwdriver. If the screwdriver can't pick up a screw magnetically, repeat the process. If it still doesn't work after ten passes on each side, try again with a stronger magnet. A hard steel screwdriver can stay magnetized for months. If you'd like to demagnetize it, run the magnet back the other way (tip to handle), or whack the screwdriver against the wall a few times to scramble its magnetic domains again.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Найдите мощный брусковый магнит. Протрите отвертку начисто. Проведите магнитом от рукоятки отвертки до ее кончика. Повторите то же самое действие в том же направлении. Проверните отвертку и повторите вышеуказанные действия. Проверьте отвертку.


First, read the English article below.

The strongest and thickest vines often produce the largest pumpkins. Monitor your vines and see which one seems to be growing the fastest and thickest. Pollinating by hand is the preferred method but if you don’t have the time or the energy, it is a pretty safe bet that the bees will do most of the pollination for you. The flowers generally show up in late July. As in every form of reproduction, there is a male and female pumpkin counterpart. Do not begin pollinating until you the plant has roughly 200 leaves.  The female has a small pumpkin at the base and no pollen inside the flower. To achieve the strongest female plant, you can break off the first female flower and wait for the second or third to grow (the strongest females grow when the vines are roughly 10 feet long, or longer.)     The male will have a stamen inside the flower. The stamen will be covered in pollen. These male flowers generally show up before the female flowers do.    Only do this when a female flower grows from the largest and healthiest vine. Pulling the petal will help to expose the pollen needed for pollination. Rub the pollen stamen on the blossom of the female flower. This step is most successful if completed before the middle of July. This will ensure that the pumpkin has ample time for growth.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выберите лозу. Опыляйте цветки вручную. Определите мужские и женские цветки. Оторвите лепестки у мужских цветков.


First, read the English article below.

The strongest risk factor is a history of kidney stones. If you have already had a kidney stone, you have a greater risk of developing more. It is important that you take measures to reduce any other other risk factors. If someone in your family has had kidney stones, then you may be at higher risk of having kidney stones as well. Consider your family member's experiences with kidney stones as you think about whether or not you may have them. Not drinking enough water is another risk factor in developing kidney stones. Water helps to dissolve minerals that may form kidney stones in your body. The more water you drink, the less likely it is that these minerals will cling to each other and form stones. Eating an unhealthy diet can also increase your risk of developing kidney stones. If you eat a lot of protein and/or a lot of salty, sugary food, then you are at higher risk of developing kidney stones. Think about what you eat in a typical day to determine if this is one of your risk factors. Recent recommendations are to avoid sodas containing phosphoric, such as colas, as these increase the risk of kidney stones. Being obese is another risk factor for kidney stones. You are considered obese if your BMI is 30 or higher. Check your weight and BMI to determine whether or not this may be one of your risk factors for kidney stones. Keep in mind that if you have recently gained weight, then you may also be at risk of developing kidney stones, even if you are not obese. Some medical conditions and surgeries can also put you at higher risk of developing kidney stones. Consider your recent medical history to determine if any medical conditions or surgeries may have increased your risk for kidney stones. Some conditions and surgeries that can increase your risk of kidney stones include:  Inflammatory bowel disease Gastric bypass surgery Chronic diarrhea Hyperparathyroidism Urinary tract infection Cystinuria

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Подумайте о своей медицинской истории (анамнезе). Расспросите членов семьи об семейном анамнезе. Пейте больше воды. Соблюдайте здоровую диету. Если вы страдаете ожирением, сбросьте лишний вес. Учтите заболевания или перенесенные операции, которые также могут повысить риск развития почечнокаменной болезни.


First, read the English article below.

The struts are cylinder-shaped pistons filled with hydraulic fluid, usually shaped a bit like a metallic road cone with a spring wrapped around it. Open the hood and locate the strut bolts, usually a circle of three bolts on a pan in the engine compartment, to each side of the car, near the windshield. In the center of the ring of bolts will be the bolt for the strut pan itself. Don't loosen any of these bolts yet, especially not the center bolt, but use this to guide you to your working spot. First, loosen the bolts securing the wheel with a lug wrench and lift the car with a jack, positioning the jack according to the Owner's Manual instructions for changing a tire. Once the car is raised, position a jack stand under the car for stability. Remove the bolts that secure the wheel and remove the wheel. It's always important to use jack stands to secure the car. Do not attempt to do this job only supporting the car on the jack. Jacks can shift suddenly, dropping the car and possibly trapping you under it. Car jacks use hydraulic power that can fail suddenly and need to be backed up by jack stands to do the job safely. Invest in a couple of jack stands. You might need to remove the brake line support bracket from the strut assembly. This isn't a feature on all cars, so disregard this step if you don't see a small bracket holding the brake line to the strut. If you do, unscrew the bracket with the appropriate size socket wrench and move the brake line up and out of the way so you can remove the strut. Also called the stabilizer or the anti-roll bar, the sway bar works along with the strut assembly to stabilize the car during bumps and irregular road conditions. To do this, you need to remove the mounting bracket with a socket wrench and rotate the sway bar out of the way. Look for a small metal bracket attaching a metal bar (usually black) to the strut and remove it. Again, this won't always be an obstacle on all cars; you might just need to loosen the strut from the steering knuckle and free it. Once you've...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Найдите стойку в сборе. Снимите колесо. Снимите крепление тормозной трубки в случае необходимости. Отсоедините стержень стабилизатора в случае необходимости.


First, read the English article below.

The study of chemistry is generally divided into five broad categories, each with its own sub-disciplines and unique methods of study. If you understand what broad field of chemistry you’re studying and what that means, you’ll be grounded and ready to learn particularities within the field. The five categories are:  Inorganic chemistry: the study of structures and compounds of substances made from all elements, except carbon. Organic chemistry: the study of the compound of carbon. Physical (or theoretical) chemistry: the application of mathematical methods to chemical problems. Analytical chemistry: quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes chemical compounds. Biochemistry (or physiological chemistry): the study of chemical reactions within living cells and the chemical structures of living material. This will increase your familiarity with the material, and class itself will clarify questions that came up when you read the material, rather than raising questions. Reading material—such as book chapters and reading that will be covered in class— will familiarize you with the topic ahead of time. This technique is known as a “Flipped” or “Reversed” classroom, and has proven useful in multiple fields. This should help make learning easier, since the instructor is there to clarify and explain information. Don’t take this time for granted, but actively focus on apprehending every point your teacher makes. Attend class regularly. As mundane as this can feel, regular attendance will ensure that you don’t miss the explanation of new topics. It’s easier to keep up with the class lessons than to catch up. Don’t hesitate to bring up your concerns in class if you are confused about any points, equations, or topics. No question is too small to ask; if you’re confused about a point in the lecture, it’s likely that other students are too.  Discuss with your teacher or with your classmates if you have any problems with the chemistry topic. If you’re struggling to understand a concept, ask your instructor for study guides or...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Определите, какой раздел химии вы собираетесь изучать. Перед занятиями почитайте соответствующие разделы. Внимательно слушайте учителя во время урока. Задавайте вопросы. Делайте подробные записи. Перечитывайте свой конспект.


First, read the English article below.

The study of library science includes library management, the preservation, archival, and dissemination of information, the development of information technologies, and research education. Librarians can specialize in any one of these areas, and many have responsibilities that require expertise in all of them. Tasks librarians might have include the following:  Cataloging items in a library’s database Developing taxonomies to organize data Implementing new technologies to update the organization of old collections Using research skills to answer reference questions Facilitating educational programs for students and the public Managing a library branch, including other employees Keeping a library’s collection up to date by ordering new books and resources Perhaps you’re interested in becoming a children’s librarian, or you may want to participate in the archival of scientific information. There are many different types of libraries, and librarians may have a variety of responsibilities within them.  Public libraries have branches that are open to anyone who wants to obtain a library card. They often have public education programs to promote literacy for both adults and children. They play an important role in providing the public with free access to information. Librarians in public libraries take on a customer service role as well as making sure the collection is up to date, communicating with other libraries, and facilitating public programs. School libraries are an important part of grade schools and middle schools, and serve the function of providing children with the resources they need to receive a well-rounded education. School librarians teach children research skills and help to develop children’s interest in reading as well as managing the library itself. Academic libraries are found at colleges and universities, and they have comprehensive collections that serve the needs of students pursuing higher education. Academic libraries are often specialized, with separate buildings for a law library, a...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Знайте, что такое библиотечное дело. Знайте о том, какими бывают библиотекари. Подумайте, готовы ли вы стать библиотекарем. Сходите на информационные собеседования, чтобы узнать больше.


First, read the English article below.

The sturdiest option is a pair of cheap glasses or sunglasses from a drugstore or dollar store, with the plastic lenses popped out. At that point, you're not saving much money compared to ready-made 3D glasses, so many people prefer to use poster board, cardstock, or ordinary paper folded in half.  A sturdy poster board such as oak tag will last longer than other paper options.  Cutting and folding the glasses frame is pretty intuitive, but you can print, cut out, and trace this template onto heavier stock if you prefer. Just about any type of clear plastic should work. Whichever you choose, cut it out to be slightly larger than the eye holes in the glasses frames, so you have room to tape them together. Here are a few commonly available options:  Cellophane. This is the thin, flexible plastic sometimes used as "windows" on food packaging, or to wrap CD cases.  Transparency sheet for overhead projectors. You can buy these at office supply stores. A hard CD "jewel case" itself. This should only be cut by a competent adult, due to the risk of shattering. Score the plastic repeatedly and lightly with a utility knife until there is a deep groove, then bend lightly to snap it apart.  Acetate sheets (also called acetate film) are available at art supply stores or theatrical/stage lighting stores. These already come in red and cyan, so you can skip the coloring step. Use permanent markers to color one side of each lens. These glasses work best when you use cyan instead of blue, but blue is a more common marker color and works pretty well.  If the color looks patchy or inconsistent, smudge it together with your finger.  The room should look darker when you look through the lens. If it's still pretty light, color the other side of the lens as well. Red goes over the LEFT eye, and blue goes over the RIGHT. Tape the lens to the frame, and take care not to tape over the lenses themselves, or you'll get a fuzzy image. Try on the glasses and look at your 3D image. If you are viewing a TV or computer screen and you don't...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Сделайте свою или используйте старую оправу для очков. Вырежьте линзы из прозрачного пластика. Покрасьте одну линзу в красный цвет, а другую – в синий. Наклейте линзы на отверстия. Настройте тон и оттенок своего монитора. Используйте эти очки для просмотра красных и синих 3D-изображений.


First, read the English article below.

The style, structure, and focus of your essay will vary depending on the type of essay you are writing. If you've been assigned to write an essay for a class, review the assignment carefully and look for information about the nature of the essay. A few common types of essays include:  The compare/contrast essay, which focuses on analyzing the similarities and differences between 2 things, such as ideas, people, events, places, or works of art. The narrative essay, which tells a story. The argumentative essay, in which the writer uses evidence and examples to convince the reader of their point of view. The critical or analytical essay, which examines something (such as a text or work of art) in detail. This type of essay may attempt to answer specific questions about the subject or focus more generally on its meaning. The informative essay, that educates the reader about a topic. If you're writing an essay for a class or a publication, there may be specific formatting and style requirements you need to follow. Read your assignment carefully to make sure you understand requirements such as:   How long your essay should be Which citation style to use Formatting requirements, such as margin size, line spacing, and font size and type Depending on your assignment, you may already have a specific topic you are supposed to write about, or you may simply be asked to write about a general theme or subject. If the assignment doesn't specify your topic, take some time to brainstorm. Try to pick a subject that's specific, interesting to you, and that you think will give you plenty of material to work with.  If you're doing a research-based essay, you might find some inspiration from reading through some of the major sources on the subject. For a critical essay, you might choose to focus on a particular theme in the work you're discussing, or analyze the meaning of a specific passage. If you're not sure what you're supposed to be writing about or how to structure your essay, don't hesitate to ask! Your instructor can help...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Внимательно прочитайте задание. Прочитайте требования к форматированию и стилю. Сузьте тему эссе до четкого фокуса внимания. Обратитесь за объяснением, если вы не понимаете задание.


First, read the English article below.

The subject is the noun that the verb is referring to. To conjugate a verb in Spanish, you'll first need to be familiar with the several different personal subject pronouns in the language. Here they are:   Yo — I(formal)  Tú — you (singular familiar)  Usted — you (singular formal)  Él, ella — he, she  Nosotros/as — we  Vosotros/as — you (plural familiar)  Ustedes — you (plural formal)  Ellos/as — they Note that while there are eight different subjects, there are only six different forms for conjugation. Él, ella, and usted are conjugated the same way, and so are ellos, ellas, and ustedes. Once you're familiar with subjects, you'll need to find the corresponding noun for the verb. If the verb is necesitar (to need), who is it that needs something?  Is it you?  The person you're talking to? A group of boys? The subject will determine the form of the conjugation. All Spanish verbs have the endings of either "-ar," "-ir," or "-er." Once you remove the current ending, you can add on the new corresponding ending. Unless the verb is reflexive; then it will have "se" tacked on past the end of the verb. Once you learn the form of conjugation for "-ar" verbs in the present tense, you can just add the form to the end of any regular "-ar" verbs.  Here are the rules for conjugating them in the present tense, using the verb hablar (to talk):   Yo: o - hablo   Tú: as - hablas   Él, Ella, Usted: a - habla   Nosotros/as: amos - hablamos   Vosotros/as: áis - habláis   Ellos/as, Ustedes: an - hablan Learn the form for conjugating "-er" verbs in the present tense and just add it to the end of each verb.  Here are the endings for the verb "-er" in the present tense using the verb beber (to drink) as an example:   Yo: o - bebo   Tú: es - bebes   Él, Ella, Usted: e - bebe   Nosotros/as: emos - bebemos   Vosotros/as: éis - bebéis   Ellos/as, Ustedes: en - beben . Learn the form for conjugating "-ir" verbs in the present tense and just add it to the end of each verb. Here are the endings for the verb "-ir" in the present tense,...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Поймите суть субъекта. Определите субъект. Вычлените основу. Спряжение глаголов на “-ar”. Спряжение глаголов на “-er”. Спряжение глаголов на “-ir”.


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The subject of abuse is tough for children and adults to discuss, so it's important to do so in an environment that feels safe. Wait for a time when you and your child don't have anywhere you need to be, and pick a place that feels comfortable, like the family kitchen or den. Let your child know that you want to ask them some questions and that no matter what the answer is, they won't be in trouble.  Do not bring up the subject of abuse in front of anyone you don't trust completely. Don't bring it up in front of anyone you might suspect of abuse, including members of the child's immediate family. It's important to be entirely nonjudgmental and reassuring throughout the discussion. Do not be dismissive or try to lighten things up, or express anger - even if it's anger at the situation and not your child. When your child is feeling comfortable, bring up the subject in a gentle but direct way. Ask whether anyone has touched your child in a way that's not appropriate. Use the words you and your child usually use to describe parts of the body that aren't supposed to be touched by other people.  If your child says yes, encourage them to tell you more. Keep asking questions in a nonjudgmental way. Note that sometimes sexual molestation doesn't leave a negative impression on the child. Using words like "did someone hurt you" or "did someone touch you in a bad way" might not resonate with the child. Be more specific. For example, you could say that you've noticed your child seems afraid when you go to after-school care, or when a certain person comes to visit. If your child has been acting secretive, shy or aggressive, ask why. Name specific behaviours and ask your child to tell you what has been provoking them. Sometimes an abuser will make the child promise to keep what happened a secret, perhaps even threatening the child to keep quiet. If your child tells you they have been told to keep a secret, let them know that adults aren't supposed to tell children to keep secrets. Explain to your child that sometimes it's...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Создайте атмосферу, которая позволила бы ребенку поговорить с вами. Спросите ребенка, прикасался ли к нему кто-нибудь неуместным образом. Спросите ребенка о нехарактерном поведении, которое вы заметили. Обсудите с ребенком понятие секрета. Напомните ребенку, что он всегда может обратиться к вам.


First, read the English article below.

The subject you tutor should be one that you're strong in, so think about which classes you make A’s in. If you make A’s in multiple subjects narrow it down to your favorite subject or two. Since you'll be teaching others, you'll need to have mastered the subject yourself. Most tutors focus on a particular grade level or subject level, such as 2nd-3rd grade, high school level, or simply geometry. Decide which level best suits your skills.  Go online and look up assignments for the grade levels you're considering to see if you can do the work. Consider classes you recently aced, such as the math or science class you took last year. for yourself. Include any kind of tutoring experience you’ve had, including tutoring your friends and family members. Try to think of times that you’ve helped your classmates, as well. This will help you craft a better ad, as well as help you explain to parents why they should hire you.  Include clubs that you’re a member of if they’re related to the subject you want to tutor. For example, list math club if you want to tutor math, or the literary criticism team if you want to tutor English. Include honors classes and related awards, such as a mathletes trophy. If you don’t have any experience, look for volunteer opportunities or tutor someone you know who struggles in that subject. Ask if you can tutor them for free to gain experience for your resume. Check the going rates for other tutors in your area. Set your rates based on how much people with a similar skillset to yours are charging. Tutors often make between $17 to $45 an hour, based on experience. You can tutor in your clients’ homes, in your home, or in at a third location, such as a coffee shop or the library. Decide if you have a location preference, or if you’re willing to work with the client. Outline this information in your ad. If you plan to go to the client, talk to them about travel time when you’re quoting the job.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выберите предмет. Очертите уровень компетенции.  Составьте резюме Определите расценки. Выберите место.


First, read the English article below.

The subjunctive is used to express sentences like "I want you to do something," "It is necessary that we talk," or "she hopes that he ______." Unfortunately, there is no real subjunctive tense in English to compare with the French. The easiest way to comprehend the subjunctive is to read French and speak to French speakers, noting where they use it. The most common phrases that use subjunctive are "il faut que + pronoun + subjunctive verb" ("It's necessary that someone does (verb)") and "je veux que + pronoun + subjunctive verb" ("I want someone to do (verb)") " Before conjugating any subjunctive phrase, remember that the subjunctive tense always begins with "que," which translates as "that" or "who/whom." Examples: Il faut que, (it is necessary that), aimer mieux que (prefer that) This works for irregular verbs as well. Start conjugating subjunctive by dropping the "-ent" from the plural 3rd person verb form. The same same thing happens in English: the stem of "to walk," for example, is walk (walk, walks, walked, walking, etc.). Examples include:  Parler: Parlent → "parl"  Finir: Finissent → finniss"  Entendre: Entendent → "entend"' There is only one set of endings for the subjunctive tense in French. They are "-e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent." Remember to add the "que" as well. The following examples translate the phrase "it is necessary that (I, you, she, they, etc.) talks."   First person: "-e." Il faut que je parle → It is necessary that I talk.   Second person: "-es." Il faut que tu parles → It is necessary that you talk.   Third person: "-e" Il faut que il parle → it is necessary that he talks.   Plural first person: "-ions." Il faut que nous parlions → It is necessary that we talk.   Plural second person: "-iez."Il faut que vous parliez → It is necessary that you all talk.   Plural third person: "-ent."Il faut que elles parlent → It is necessary that they talk. Any verb that does not end in "-ent" in the present tense 3rd person plural ("They," or "Ils/Elles") has an irregular stem. Luckily, the...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Сослагательное наклонение выражает желаемое действие или личное отношение. Все фразы в сослагательном наклонении начинаются с "que". Найдите "основу" глаголов, отбросив окончание"-ent" формы настоящего времени третьего лица множественного числа. Добавьте к основе окончание сослагательного наклонения. Различайте неправильные глаголы в сослагательном наклонении. Запомните спряжение глаголов "etre" и "avoir".


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The sublimation of dry ice to carbon dioxide will cause the container to expand and possibly explode.  Dry ice can cause a violent eruption if packed too tightly.  Some people have been brought up on felony criminal charges for purposely confining dry ice until it explodes, creating a dry ice "bomb." Don't store dry ice in metal or glass containers, as an explosion can create shrapnel which can cause cuts or other serious injuries. The carbon dioxide from the dry ice will gradually begin to replace oxygen and can cause suffocation if breathed exclusively. Air out storage areas that have previously housed dry ice before entering. Even though no one may be around, spills and other accidents can occur if not under strict supervision. Don't leave dry ice on tiled or solid surfaced counter tops as the extreme cold could crack it. You will likely freeze the water in the pipes and may even cause them to rupture. The extreme compactness of a pipe will also cause dry ice to expand quicker and may cause an explosion.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Не храните сухой лед в полностью герметичном контейнере. Не допускайте хранение сухого льда в погребах, подвалах, машинах или других плохо проветриваемых помещениях. Старайтесь не оставлять сухой лед без присмотра. Не выбрасывайте сухой лед в канализацию, раковину, туалет, или мусоропровод.


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The substances used in this section are powerful stain removers. However, due to their strength, they may bleach your fabric or cause permanent damage to the fibres. These methods are best used on white, non-delicate items, or as a last resort after other methods have failed. Once you've acquired one of the following solutions, use a cotton ball or paper towel to dab a small amount on a corner or hidden area of the fabric. Let it sit for five to ten minutes to see whether it stains your fabric. Vinegar is not typically as strong as the options below, but still has the potential to harm fabric. Soak the stained fabric in white vinegar for about thirty minutes, then rub the stain with your fingers as you rinse it in cool water. Repeat if the stain is noticeably improved but still present. A 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, which is the strength it is typically sold at, can be poured directly onto the stain or applied with a cotton ball. Be aware that it will likely bleach colored fabric. Keep the fabric in a dark place for 5-10 minutes, since light breaks down hydrogen peroxide, then blot with a sponge or cloth. Start with "household ammonia" or "ammonia hydroxide," sold as a cleaning product. Dilute this with an equal amount of water, and leave it on the stain for fifteen minutes before blotting and rinsing. If your "test corner" showed signs of damage, you may wish to soak the fabric in a much weaker solution, such as 15 ml (1 tbsp) household ammonia, 1 L (1 quart) water, and a drop of liquid handwashing detergent.  Warning: ammonia may destroy the protein fibres that form silk or wool. Household ammonia is approximately 5—10% ammonia and 90–95% water. Stronger ammonia solutions are highly caustic, and should be diluted even more.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Помните, что вы рискуете. Сначала сделайте тест на незаметном участке одежды (например, в углу). Рассмотрите вариант с белым уксусом. Попробуйте перекись водорода. Вместо этого используйте смесь с аммиаком.


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The substrate is the disposable material you fill out the bottom of your cage with. It’s important to get a good one as it will absorb your hamster’s urine and be what they dig into. There are a number of options other than the traditional wood shavings, and some specialist websites have reviews of different types. Stay away from substrates such as pine or cedar, as they can cause severe respiratory problems! Use 6cm, or 3in, or more of substrate, as hamsters love to dig. Carefresh is a nice bedding and so is aspen. As well as substrate, getting some separate bedding or nesting material is important. While bedding is like the carpet, nesting material is like the blankets. Avoid material that can separate into small strands like fluffy bedding and cotton wool. This can cause serious problems for your hamster through ingestion. They could also become entangled and get a limb trapped. Their instincts would be to pull on the limb until it was dislocated, although some very desperate hamsters have been reported to chew their own limbs off and die of blood loss! Shredded tissue or toilet paper, in this case, is the best nesting material. It’s good to have a nice stock of substrate and bedding at home, so you are prepared and can change it regularly. You will need to keep a close on the cage and keep it clean. It’s recommended to scoop out substrate that is wet from urine every week, called spot cleaning, which will only take a few minutes. The amount of times you clean your cage completely will depend on how large your cage is. 1000 sq. inches or larger cages can withstand a year or more without a full cage cleanout, but smaller cages may need to be cleaned once a month.  It’s a good idea to have a regular cleaning schedule, as your hamster could be distressed if the cage is cleaned too often or too seldom.   Spot clean the cage to remove poo daily to prevent wet-tail.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выберите подстилку для клетки. Выберите гнездовой материал. Убедитесь в том, что у вас достаточно подстилки и гнездового материала для регулярной их замены.


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The sugary sweet mixture will encourage visiting hummingbirds to stay in the area. High-energy food is also important for hummingbirds in the spring because it helps to replenish the energy reserves that hummingbirds use up during migration. Avoid buying nutrient-enhanced hummingbird nectar. It will cost you money that you don't need to spend, and the hummingbirds won't really benefit either. Hummingbirds get all of the nutrients they need from natural flower nectar and the insects that they eat--the sugar mixture you are providing is a quick pick-me-up for them (similar to a cup of coffee for us) when they are flying around and feeling tired. Stir the mixture until the sugar is completely dissolved. Cane sugar is a sucrose that falls into the carbohydrate family. Carbs are easily digested and give the hummingbirds the immediate energy they need to keep those little wings flapping. Boiling the mixture will slow down any bacterial growth that may occur. Boiling the water will also get rid of any extra chlorine that might be in your tap water (which in turn could harm the little hummers.) It is not necessary to boil the solution if you are only making a small amount of food for immediate use. If you do not boil the mixture, you will need to change the food every 1 to 2 days or else bacteria may grow in the mixture that could harm the hummingbirds. Though hummingbirds are attracted to the color red, red dyes have been known to harm hummingbirds. Natural hummingbird food (nectar) is odorless and clear--there is no need to add dye to your homemade hummer food. Keep the food in the refrigerator. If you make a large batch of the food, you can keep the extra amount in the fridge until your feeder is empty. This will save you time when refilling your feeder. Red feeders are the best because the color red attracts hummingbirds. You should hang your feeder in a shady spot if possible because the nectar will stay fresh longer when it is in the shade. Hang your feeder in your garden if you have one. Hang your feeder near...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Сделайте крепкий сахарный сироп, чтобы привлечь колибри в ваш сад. Для приготовления сиропа используйте одну часть белого, песочного сахара и две части воды. Прокипятите сахарную воду пару минут. Не добавляйте красители в еду. Сохраните еду для колибри, для будущего использования. Выберите правильную кормушку.


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The sukkah, which is the definitive Sukkot tradition, is quite simple to build. The four-sided booth must have at least three walls, while the fourth wall can be used as a door. One of the walls can be low or removable to allow passage into and out of the Sukkah. The material used to build the sukkah can vary, but because the Sukkah will only remain standing for seven days, a light material probably makes most sense. The only traditional requirements for the walls are that they be able to stand up in the wind. With this definition, even canvas stretched across a hard frame is suitable. In terms of size, you'll want your walls at least far enough apart that you'll have room to eat in the Sukkah. Depending on the size of your family, this can cause the size of your sukkah to vary greatly. Traditionally, the roofs of sukkah are made from plant matter, like branches, leaves, twigs, and so on. These materials can be purchased or taken from nature. According to tradition, the roof of a sukkah should be thick enough to provide shade and shelter during the day, but you should still be able to see stars through it at night. Making a roof from plant material is a way of giving remembrance to the Israelites who wandered in the desert for 40 years after leaving Egypt. During their travels, they had to live in temporary dwellings similar to the sukkah, using whatever materials were available to them for shelter. Decorating the sukkah is seen as a commendable show of Sukkot observance. Traditional decorations include harvest vegetables: Corn, pumpkins, and squash hung from the ceiling and beams or placed in corners. Other decorations include but are not limited to: paper chains, pipecleaner constructions, religious pictures or drawings, wax paper stained glass, or anything else that you or your children feel like creating. Children usually love to help decorate the sukkah. Giving your children a chance to draw on the walls of the sukkah and gather vegetables for display is a great way to get them involved in the holiday...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Используйте стены, которые могут выдержать ветер. Крышу нужно сделать из растительного материала. Украсьте Сукку. Сукка должна стоять вплоть до окончания Симхат Тора.


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The summer solstice is a great time to find inner peace and balance. Try the sun salutation and the tree pose or simply sit quietly for a while. Meditation and yoga are intended to exercise both your body and your soul, balancing both in harmony through thought and physical movement. Begin this routine on the morning of the summer solstice and aim to make it a daily habit from this time on. The summer solstice heralds the beginning of summer, which also represents the time of fulfillment. This is an excellent time to take stock of your life and assess how your goals are progressing. From earlier New Year's resolutions to the big goals in your life, ask yourself how you're doing in achieving these things for yourself and others you care about.  Are you still aligned with your goals or have you strayed from them? Take this opportunity to reinvigorate them and to make any necessary changes to achieve your aims in life. Be honest with your goal appraisal––set aside those goals that aren't taking you in the direction you want to go now. We all grow and change over time; make sure you're not hanging onto goals that no longer fit the person you have become. . Keeping a gratitude journal can remind you of all the positive things in your life. Write down things and people you are thankful for, as well as abilities or qualities you possess that you are grateful. Jot down positive experiences you have had as well. Try to recognize all the good and wonderful things in your life, to help you better notice fulfillment when you feel it. The summer solstice is a great day to decide to learn more about a healing technique that has interested you for a while, such as reiki, therapeutic massage, or acupuncture. You could go to a session and try a new healing therapy for something that ails you, be it stress, pain, etc. Alternatively, if you would like become a practitioner in healing arts, look for courses that you can take. The stability of summer and the promise of balmy, warmer days ahead is considered to be a time to...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Занимайтесь йогой или медитацией. Стремитесь к самореализации.  Начните вести дневник благодарности Изучайте новые способы восстановления. Сосредоточьтесь на положительных изменениях.


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The sun produces 3 types of ultraviolet (UV) rays -- UVA, UVB, and UVC rays. UVB rays can burn your skin, while UVA rays cause premature aging, such as wrinkles and dark spots. Both UVA and UVB rays can increase your chances of skin cancer. For the best protection, you should use a sunscreen that protects against both types of rays, so check the label to ensure that it provides full- or broad-spectrum protection. A sunscreen's SPF measures how well it protects your skin from UVB rays compared to not wearing it. For example, if it normally takes 20 minutes for your skin to turn red, a product with SPF 15 will typically prevent sunburn for 15 times longer.  You should use a product that has an SPF of at least 15.  If you’re only going to be spending a few minutes here and there in the sun, using a face moisturizer or aftershave with SPF 15 is usually sufficient to protect your skin from burning. If you're extremely active and plan to spend most of the day outside, a water-resistant sunscreen with a higher SPF, such as SPF 30, is a better option. For pale, sensitive skin that burns easily, it’s best to use a sunscreen with an SPF 50. Sunscreens become less effective as they age, so it's important to use one that's still able to protect your skin. A date is usually printed somewhere on the bottle that indicates when the sunscreen should be used by, so always check to ensure that it's still good to use. Most sunscreens are good for approximately three years after you purchase it. Because you need to reapply regularly, you'll probably use up a tube or bottle long before it expires. If you don’t apply enough sunscreen, you won’t get the full benefits, and may wind up burning. For the best protection, you need 1 ounce, or a shot glass full, of sunscreen to cover your entire body, including your face, ears, and scalp.  Make sure to apply your sunscreen 30 minutes before you plan to go outside, so the ingredients have enough time to absorb into your skin. Some sunscreens may recommend a specific amount to apply. Always...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выберите солнцезащитный крем с широким спектром защиты. Выберите крем с подходящим коэффициентом защиты SPF. Проверьте срок годности. Обильно наносите крем. Регулярно наносите крем повторно.


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The sun will just make dark spots worse over time, and it can even cause new spots. Every time you go outside, you should be wearing sunscreen to protect your skin from the sun, particularly where you have dark spots. To make it easier, pick a moisturizer with sunscreen in it so you can apply both at once. Pimples can be annoying, but if you pop them or pick at them, they can turn into dark spots that hang around for months, which is even more annoying. Apply a pea-sized amount of hydrocortisone cream several times a day to the zits to help get rid of them instead. A 1% hydrocortisone cream can decrease the redness and irritation, and you won't be as tempted to pick at your pimples. These cleansers, which contain beta hydroxy acids or alpha hydroxy acids, are typically used to treat acne. However, they can also help prevent pimples by pulling off dead skin. Plus, it helps keep your pores clear. However, you should avoid these cleansers if you have dry or sensitive skin. Some medications have dark spots as a side effect. If you've noticed you've developed dark spots after starting a new med within a few months, ask your doctor if that could be a side effect. Keep taking the medication until you get more information from your doctor.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Наносите на кожу солнцезащитное средство со значением SPF не менее 30 каждый день. Обрабатывайте прыщи кремом с гидрокортизоном. Умывайтесь средствами с альфа- или бетагидроксикислотами. Обсудите лечение с врачом.


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The sunlight will irritate the treated area and possibly make the discomfort and redness worse. The easiest way to prevent this is to not expose the treated area to direct sunlight. If you go outside, make sure you cover the area with clothing. If you had your face treated, wear a hat to provide sun protection.  Artificial UV sources—such as tanning booths—should also be avoided until the skin has completely healed and all discomfort, swelling, and redness has disappeared. Direct sun exposure should be avoided for a minimum of two weeks after the laser treatment, but some health care providers recommend avoiding the sun for 6 weeks.  Use a sunscreen with a SPF of at least 30. Make sure you reapply the sunblock often, especially if you get the skin wet or sweat profusely. Laser treatment works by using heat to destroy the hair follicles; exposing the treated area to additional heat can increase the skin irritation. Hot water, saunas, and steam rooms should all be skipped for a minimum of 48 hours after the treatment. You can bathe the treated area; however, you should stick to cool or warm water to help the area heal as quickly as possible. Raising the body's temperature through exercise can also irritate the treated area. Wait at least 48 hours before strenuously exercising. Milder exercise, such as walking, is okay. Just try to avoid becoming overheated.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Защищайте область эпиляции от солнечного света. Не подвергайте место эпиляции воздействию тепла. Избегайте физических нагрузок в течение 48 часов после процедуры.


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The sun’s UV rays are strongest between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., so that’s when you’re at the greatest risk of getting a sunburn. If you stay inside during midday, you can avoid these dangerous rays and protect your skin. Schedule your outdoor activities, such as walking the dog or mowing the lawn, before 10 or after 4 whenever possible.  If you aren’t sure how strong the sun’s UV rays are, pay attention to your shadow. When it’s longer than you are, UV exposure is low. However, when your shadow is shorter than you are, UV exposure is high, so you should try to stay indoors. If you have to go outside when the sun is at its strongest, try to limit the time you spend outdoors. The less exposure you have to the sun, the less chance you’ll have of getting a sunburn. Sometimes, you have to go outside even during the sun’s peak hours, so the key to preventing sunburn is covering yourself with appropriate clothing. Long-sleeve shirts and pants cover more of your skin than tank tops and shorts, so they can help block the sun. The more skin that your clothing covers, the more protected you'll be.  Loose-fitting clothing made of tightly woven, synthetic fabric, such as lycra, nylon, and acrylic, offers the best protection from the sun. Dark clothing can block more sunlight than lighter colored items. Some clothing is made of fabric that has built-in sun protection. The label will indicate the item’s UV protection factor (UPF), so you know how effective it is at blocking the sun’s rays. Choose clothing with a UPF rating of at least 30 for the most effective protection. The right hat is not only stylish, but can protect your scalp from a possible sunburn. Make sure to throw on a pair of sunglasses before you head out the door as well because it can be difficult to apply sunscreen around the eye area.  While a baseball cap or visor offers some sun protection, a wide-brimmed hat with at least a 4-inch brim is the best choice because it will shield your scalp, eyes, ears, and neck.  Choose sunglasses that provide...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Старайтесь не бывать на солнце во время его максимальной активности. Носите подходящую одежду. Используйте аксессуары, чтобы защитить голову и глаза. Старайтесь оставаться в тени. Не пытайтесь загореть.


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The super strength and industrial strength relaxers are traditionally used on African American hair because it is so resistant to straightening. Nothing wrong with that. Just don't use it every time. Alternate between the mild and strong relaxers (of the same brand) so your hair gets some rest between uses of the strong stuff. If you relax every 6 to 12 weeks, ask your beautician to use the super strength on every 3rd or 4th visit. Your hair will have grown out enough to avoid overlapping the super strength relaxer and the milder one will allow your hair to remain relaxed yet still strong. Also apply basing cream to the ends of your hair. This will prevent the ends from over processing due to relaxer runoff. By tradition, many African Americans use conditioners often. As a result they have healthy thick hair. Conditioners are a good friend to your hair. Conditioners strengthen hair. Condition the length and ends of your hair daily or at minimum every other day. Do not put water on your scalp daily either, just the ends.  Simply wet your ends about 2 inches (5.1 cm) from your scalp to the ends of your hair. Apply the conditioner according to the instructions. Your hair will love you for it.  Conditioning your ends will keep them full and rich and they will not break easily. After conditioning your ends, you will need to moisturize them. Find an excellent moisturizer like coconut oil and apply it to the ends while your hair is still wet. Again, do not apply moisturizer to your hair full strength. Place a small amount in a container or the palm of your hands and add water to dilute it. Be sure the water and moisturizer are well blended then apply to the ends of your hair only (from about 4 inches (10.2 cm) below your scalp to the ends of your hair. Dry hair is brittle: keep it moisturized for flexibility and less breakage. Blow dryers are called blow fryers by The Long Hair Community for good reason. The intense heat of these machines is very damaging to African American hair types. Never blow dry your hair....

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Не используйте самый мощный выпрямитель для волос, когда вы пытаетесь сделать их ровными. Наносите кондиционер на кончики волос. Наносите увлажняющее средство. Старайтесь не использовать фен.


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The supply line hose is the hose that connects the faucet to the main water supply. This could be a plastic hose, a coiled metal hose, or it could even be a solid metal tube. There will be separate hoses for the hot and cold, so make sure you disconnect the one that you need to replace.  It’s common for some water to drip when the hoses are disconnected. Place a pan under the sink to catch drips. To disconnect the hose, start by loosening the lock nut attaching the hose to the water supply. You'll probably need to loosen it with the adjustable wrench first.  To loosen the nut, turn it to the left (counterclockwise). Once you’ve loosened the nut with the wrench, you can twist it off the rest of the way by hand. If you're not sure which hose is for which supply, the hot water is typically on the left, and cold on the right. Follow the supply hose from the water supply up to where it’s attached to the faucet. When you find the lock nut, use the basin wrench to access the nut and loosen it off. If the supply line connects to copper tubing, hold the tubing in 1 hand while loosening the nut with the other to prevent the copper from twisting or breaking. Loosen the nut by turning it to the left (counterclockwise).  When you’ve loosened the nut, you can twist it off the rest of the way by hand. Once the second nut is disconnected, you'll be able to remove the old hose. The basin wrench is necessary here because it allows you to access the hard-to-reach nut under the sink. Because the handle of the wrench can pivot, it lets you turn the wrench and loosen the nut from a more comfortable position. It’s actually best to purchase a replacement hose after you’ve removed the original one. Take the original hose to the hardware store and buy a replacement that will be a perfect match.  If you’re replacing more than 1 line, be sure to mark which one goes where on the valve and faucet connector. You don’t have to buy the same style of hose, but it does have to be the same length as the original, and the diameter of the hose...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Отсоедините подающий шланг от водопровода. Отсоедините шланг от смесителя. Купите новый шланг таких же размеров. Просушите и обмотайте резьбу паклей или фторопластовой лентой. Прикрепите шланг к смесителю. Подсоедините шланг к водопроводу. Включите воду и проверьте шланг.


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The surest upsell is to offer additional related items for something a customer is already purchasing. If the customer is buying the first book in the Narnia series, suggest the second as well: "When you finish that, trust me, you're going to want to start right in on the second. I could hardly wait!" You might also suggest things like bookmarks, or other related items.  Consider the things you would want if you were the customer making this purchase - if you bought a camera, you would want to buy an extra battery, a case to carry it in, extra flash card and a card reader so you could get your pictures off to your computer, all the things necessary to create the best possible experience with the product. In a wholesale setting, try to find out everything you can about the customer's business and offer other related products. Appeal to most wholesalers desire to simplify and give them the option to get everything they need from one place--your place. Not all products are equal, and especially in the sale of higher-end items, it's good to guide the customer through different features, highlighting the benefits of more-expensive items. Even with books, you might consider selling the Narnia customer on the full box-set of books, with detailed pictures and maps in a handsome box.  Make it practical for the customer. If you're trying to sell a college student on a computer, they're likely interested in something with a good video card, something durable and lightweight, something with a good warranty. An expensive, but on-sale desktop with a super-high amount of RAM probably isn't a smart upsell, even if the features are, in your opinion, "better" if the customer clearly wants a laptop. In a wholesale setting, you might consider different size orders that would give the customer the same product at a better deal. Bulk items generally come with a benefit, so it's a good idea to highlight the long-term price benefit in making the bigger buy now instead of waiting to come back for more. What's the difference between...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Предложите клиенту аксессуары. Учитывайте свойства товара. Подчеркивайте лучшее качество дорогих товаров. Делайте покупателю конкретные предложения и предоставьте широкий выбор. Позвольте покупателю ощутить предмет.


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The sweet potato fries can be cooked at any temperature from 375-450°. Spread the fries on a baking sheet. Bake them for 20-30 minutes, turning them over at least once while baking. Depending on the oven, it may take more or less time. Bake them until the fries are crispy and golden brown. Don't place the fries too closely together or stack them too high. You want them to crisp up.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Нагрейте духовку до 200°С. Поместите бататы на противень.


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The symptoms for foot pain are fairly obvious. You might need to start taking better care of your feet if you notice any of the following:  Soreness in the toes, heels, or balls of your feet Bumps or protrusions on any part of your feet Difficulty walking or feeling uncomfortable while walking Tenderness to the touch on any part of your feet There are many things that can cause pain in your heel. Here are some of the most common causes:  Plantar fasciitis is the most common reason people have heel pain. It is caused by an irritated plantar fascia, which is the tough tissue that connects the toes to the heel bone. It can cause discomfort in the heel or arches. Treatment for plantar fasciitis includes rest, over the counter pain relievers, or heel/toe stretches.   Heel spurs are extra bone growths on the bottom of the heel bone that can cause discomfort. They are usually caused by poor posture, inappropriate shoes, or by activities like running.Treatment for heel spurs includes choosing better shoes with a more supportive arch, rest, or over the counter pain relievers. There are many possible reasons that your foot might hurt in areas other than the heel. Here are some of them:   Metatarsalgia is pain that occurs from inflammation in the ball of the foot. It is usually caused by strenuous activities or by shoes that fit poorly. Treatment includes icing or resting the foot, choosing more appropriate shoes, or pain relievers.   Bunions are bony protrusions on the edge of the foot, usually next to the base of the big toe. They are often caused by shoes that don't fit properly. Treatment includes wearing more comfortable shoes or surgery, if the case is severe. Before doing any foot stretches, try to identify if it is your toes, heels, arches, balls of your feet or any other part that is hurting. Does it hurt worse when you are moving or bearing weight? Are you forced to change your gait? Many people walk with their feet bowed slightly out. This is known as being duck-toed. Other people walk with their feet turned...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Симптомы боли в ноге достаточно очевидны. Итак, важно знать возможные причины появления боли в пятке. Есть и другие причины боли в ноге. Определите, какая именно часть ступни доставляет боль и дискомфорт. Подумайте, к какому типу можно отнести вашу походку.


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The symptoms for inhalation of HF can be complication because the symptoms for mild and severe inhalation will overlap. The symptoms for mild exposure may be include irritation of the mucous membranes in the nose and throat, coughing, burns on the passageways, and narrowing of airways, which will cause difficulty breathing. Symptoms for severe exposure include all of the above as well as an immediate narrowing of the airways, along with pulmonary edema, which is a build-up of fluid in the lungs. Lung collapse can also occur. You will likely not be able to check yourself for inhalation of HF because of the symptoms. However, if you come upon someone who has or might have inhaled HF, check the affected person's vital signs.  Check for a pulse and respiratory breathing on him and make sure his airway is open so that he can breathe. Continue to monitor the individual for any observable symptoms and do your best to alleviate those symptoms as professional medical attention is obtained. If the person looks as though they are having a hard time breathing, administer oxygen if available. Artificial respiration such as CPR is necessary and should be administered by trained professionals if breathing has stopped. Inhalation exposure is rapidly lethal, which means you need to seek medical attention as soon as possible.  Inhalation of HF can cause serious damage and treatment should be done in a medical setting because there is little to no effective treatment outside of a clinical setting. While there is a lot of literature and research available about HF exposure to the skin, inhalation exposure has had relatively little research completed. The process of treating HF inhalation injury is highly complex, and more experimental research is still needed to learn proper care techniques. If inhalation HF is suspected, time is of the essence and medical attention must begin as soon as possible. Your doctor may do imaging scans and spirometry to assess any damage or decreased functioning of your respiratory system.  Spirometry...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выявите симптомы. Немедленно удалите пострадавшего от источника плавиковой кислоты. Немедленно вызывайте неотложную медицинскую помощь. Пройдите курс стационарного лечения.


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The symptoms of Crohn's disease are similar to those of other intestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. The symptoms may come and go and can vary from mild to severe. They will differ from person to person, depending on what part of the gastrointestinal tract is infected. Some of the most common symptoms include:   Diarrhea: The inflammation that occurs in Crohn's disease causes cells in the affected areas of your intestine to secrete large amounts of water and salt. Because the colon can't completely absorb this excess fluid, you develop diarrhea.  Abdominal pain and cramping: Inflammation and ulceration may cause the walls of portions of your bowel to swell and eventually thicken with scar tissue. This affects the normal movement of intestinal tract contents through your digestive tract and may lead to pain and cramping.  Blood in your stool: Food moving through your digestive tract can cause inflamed tissue to bleed, or your bowel may also bleed on its own.  Ulcers: Crohn's disease begins as small, scattered sores on the surface of the intestine. Eventually these sores may become large ulcers that penetrate deep into — and sometimes through — the intestinal walls.  Reduced appetite and weight loss: Abdominal pain and cramping and the inflammatory reaction in the wall of your bowel can affect both your appetite and your ability to digest and absorb food.  Fistula or abscess: Inflammation from Crohn's disease may tunnel through the wall of the bowel into adjacent organs, such as the bladder or vagina, creating an abnormal connection called a fistula. This can also lead to an abscess; a swollen, pus-filled sore. Aside from the above mentioned symptoms, people with Crohn's disease may experience other, less-common side effects such as joint pain, constipation and swollen gums.  People with severe Crohn's disease may experience fever and fatigue as well as problems that occur outside the digestive tract, including arthritis, eye inflammation, skin disorders, and inflammation...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Распознайте симптомы болезни Крона. Распознайте менее распространенные симптомы болезни Крона. Знайте, когда необходимо обратиться к врачу. Пройдите обследование, чтобы подтвердить диагноз.


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The symptoms of H1N1 are very similar to those of the common flu and include fever (greater than 100°F or 37.8°C), cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Diarrhea and vomiting can also be symptoms of H1N1. There's no way to tell if you have the swine flu unless a respiratory specimen is taken within the first four to five days and sent to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or equivalent). Note that vomiting is more common in children and that diarrhea is only seen in 17% of patients. Pandemics can rouse panic, so it's important that you know some basic information about what could happen and how you can prepare for it.  A vaccine for pandemic flu has been released in limited quantities; as a result, you may have to wait in long lines to receive the vaccine. This is why you should try to get it as early in the year as you can, once it becomes available to the public. People will have little or no immunity to pandemic flu since it is a new virus to humans. With seasonal flu, people have some immunity built up from previous exposure to the viruses. If a pandemic flu virus spreads rapidly, being prepared to stay at home will help slow down the virus because you'll minimize your exposure to infection (and other people's exposure to you, if you become sick). Store non-perishable foods, bottled water, over-the-counter drugs, health supplies and other necessities. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recommends having a two-week supply. These supplies can be useful in other types of emergencies, such as power outages. Have basic, over-the-counter health supplies such as a thermometer, facemasks, tissues, soap, hand sanitizers, medicine to relieve fever, and cold medicine. Think about, anticipate and plan for what you will do in the following cases:  Schools are dismissed: Consider childcare needs. Plan home learning activities and exercises. Have materials, such as books, on hand. As for students, take valuable items from lockers, such as iPods and textbooks....

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Знайте, какими бывают симптомы свиного гриппа у людей. Знайте, чего ожидать. Запаситесь товарами первой необходимости. Планируйте все заранее. Поговорите со своим работодателем. Следите за новостями. Знайте, когда нужно обратиться за медицинской помощью. Знайте, какие симптомы считаются угрожающими жизни.


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The symptoms of secondhand stress are very much like normal symptoms of stress. Look for these signs as a first step towards identifying if you may be absorbing someone else's stress.  Head or muscles aches. Increased fatigue and difficulty concentrating. Trouble sleeping. Upset stomach. Anxiety or irritability. Lack of motivation. Identifying the root of your stress is crucial for understanding if you're suffering from secondhand stress. The next time you feel stress symptoms coming on, recognize them. Then you can analyze the situation and figure out what caused the feelings.  Excuse yourself from the situation you were in. To analyze what happened, it would be helpful to be in a quiet place where no one will bother you. Especially if someone talking to you is causing the stress, you should remove yourself so you can think. Think about what you were doing when you started to feel stressed. Ask yourself specifically when you started feeling stressed. You might find that hearing your friend or coworker complain about something was your trigger. Or seeing your boss have an outburst after hearing bad news could have also set you off. If this is the case, you've identified that someone else is the root of your stress. When you're feeling stressed and having difficulty locking down a source for it, keeping a journal can help you focus your thoughts and narrow down what's troubling you. Commit to writing every day, even if it's only for a few minutes.  Your journal can take on any structure or format you want, but in this case you may want to tailor your writings towards what's bothering you. Some initial questions to guide your writing might be: what am I feeling now? At what time recently did I feel stressed? What was I doing? How did I respond? Even after you figure out the cause of your stress, you don't have to quit writing. Keeping a journal is a great way to get out your feelings and keep your overall mental health in good shape. Absorbing someone else's stress may not be the only reason you're feeling...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Обращайте внимание на типичные симптомы стресса. Когда вы в следующий раз почувствуете, что испытываете стресс, сделайте паузу и поразмышляйте. Ведите дневник. Рассмотрите другие источники стресса.


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The symptothermal method uses a combination of tracking physical changes and BBT to determine when you ovulate. Tracking your BBT is the “thermal” part of the symptothermal method, and it requires that you track your basal body temperature every day.  Because your BBT will experience a sustained rise two to three days after ovulation, tracking your BBT can help you estimate when in your cycle you’re ovulating. (See the method on Using Basal Body Temperature for more detailed instructions.) It will take several months of daily tracking to establish a pattern of ovulation. This is the “sympto” part of the symptothermal method and involves closely tracking your physical symptoms to determine when you’re ovulating.  Each day, carefully track and record your cervical mucus (see the section on Checking Your Cervical Mucus for more) and any other menstrual symptoms you experience, like breast tenderness, cramping, mood swings, etc.  Worksheets for tracking your symptoms are available online to print or you can devise your own. It will take several months of daily tracking to distinguish a pattern. Use both the information from your BBT tracking and from your symptom tracking to verify when you ovulate.  Ideally, the data will coincide, allowing you to determine when you’re ovulating. If the data conflict, continue your daily tracking of each until a coinciding pattern appears. This method is best used for fertility awareness, and does have certain limitations.  Some couples use this method for natural contraception by avoiding sex during the woman’s fertile period (leading up to and during ovulation). Using this method for contraception, however, isn’t generally recommended, as it requires very careful, meticulous, and consistent record-keeping.  Those who use this method for birth control still experience about a 10% chance of unplanned pregnancy.  This method can also be problematic if you’re experiencing periods of high stress, travel, illness, or sleep disturbance, which will alter your body’s basal temperature,...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Начните измерять базальную температуру тела. Каждый день записывайте свои симптомы. Объедините все полученные данные и рассчитайте время овуляции. Знайте о недостатках этого метода.


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The table of contents, in the beginning of the book, is one, big outline of the structure of the book. Take some time to internalize the structure of the book, as provided in the table of contents, before you move on to scanning the book. What you're doing is giving your brain a mold to fit little bits of pieces of information into. If you don't internalize the structure of the book and just start scanning, your brain has to piece together the structure of the theme by itself before it can begin organizing information. This takes time and mental effort. Eliminate that effort by studying the table of contents for 30 seconds before you start reading. A lot of the time, introductions will map out where the writing is going to go, while the ends of chapters often summarize what the author talked about over the course of the chapter. The beginnings of paragraphs will often give the reader a glimpse into topic sentences, which announce what the theme of the paragraph(s) is going to be about. After the topic sentence usually comes some form of evidence or justification. If done properly, reading just the topic sentence will let you know the theme of the paragraph without needing to process the evidence that comes with it. The ends of paragraphs will often be transitions to the topic sentences of the following paragraph. If you read the last sentence of the paragraph and then the first sentence of the next one, you're more likely to understand the topic sentence. Different kinds of books require different ways of scanning. A newspaper article is designed to be skimmed, while a math book is patently not. Before jumping into your speed-reading exercise, decide how much of the book you want to scan and whether you can save any time for more in-depth reading. Works of fiction are notoriously difficult to scan. You don't know how the book is going to turn out, and there's not really a "guide" within a table of contents. If you're reading a book of fiction, take a minute or two to read (not scan) a portion of the book that...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Просмотрите содержание. Прочтите вступление и конец главы. Прочтите начало и конец раздела. Разные книги требуют разных подходов. Остановитесь, когда речь заходит о важном. Постарайтесь не перечитывать секции. Тренируйтесь, тренируйтесь, тренируйтесь.


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The table should be large enough to fit the tea service, tableware, and food. If it is not large enough to also seat the guests, remove the chairs and host a buffet-style tea party where the guests help themselves. This is less formal than a seated tea party, and is most suitable for a light afternoon tea rather than an evening meal. Use your judgement when placing a buffet-style table: if space is a concern, move it against a wall. If you have plenty of room, consider placing it so the table is accessible from both sides, allowing more guests to access the food at one time. Using a clean, attractive tablecloth increases the sense of elegance and attention to detail. White linen is traditional, but you may use a tablecloth of any color or pattern. For a formal tea party, select napkins that match the tablecloth. Brew tea in several varieties for your guests, including at minimum one caffeinated black tea and one non-caffeinated herbal tea. Each variety of tea should be in its own teapot, preferably with the tea leaves removed or within a strainer so guests do not end up with tea leaves in their cups. You do not need to use a matching tea service or silver tray if you do not own them, but don't forget to provide all the essential tea additions:  A creamer, or small pitcher, containing milk A bowl of sugar containing sugar cubes and sugar tongs, or granulated white sugar and a small spoon A pitcher of hot water for people who prefer to dilute their tea  A tray of lemon slices for floating in tea, or thicker lemon wedges covered in gauze or other material to prevent spurting when squeezed Unless you have a small number of guests, you may wish to set up two stations for guests to serve themselves hot beverages. Coffee or hot cocoa is appreciated by some guests who do not enjoy tea, but if you know your guests are all tea-drinkers, you may simply provide a variety of tea options instead. Provide all the necessary tea additions on both ends of the table. If serving coffee, only sugar and cream are necessary at the...

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Определитесь со столом. Выберите красивую скатерть, льняные или бумажные салфетки. Поставьте чайный набор с одной стороны стола. С другой стороны стола поставьте кофейник, кувшин с горячим шоколадом или еще один заварочный чайник с чаем. Подготовьте небольшие тарелки, чашки и ложки. Если того потребует приготовленная вами еда, позаботитесь о дополнительных столовых приборах. В центре стола поставьте сладкие и несладкие блюда. На второй стол (если у вас он сеть) поставьте прохладительные напитки, если нет второго стола, поставьте напитки на большой стол. Украсьте стол (если хотите). Найдите место, где ваши гости смогут отдохнуть.


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The tactics and logistics are necessary, and you may need to teach them if you are coaching beginners. Teach the rules. Your players cannot play well if they do not understand the rules of volleyball, and you risk losing points, not to mention games. Make sure your team knows what they can and cannot do, what gets them points and what results in penalties. Talk to your players supportively, and if you are coaching children, talk to parents openly so they know what is going on at practice. Keeping your communication positive rather than competitive will demonstrate that you have the best interests of the players in mind and provide a model of good sportsmanship. This is especially important if you are coaching kids. The Socratic method of coaching uses questions to get players to think critically on their own. This may be a slower method, but it yields better results. Ultimately, players need to make high-level decisions themselves when on the court. For example:  "Carl, what do you think you can do differently to make your serve stronger?" "OK, everyone, what do you think we're going to focus on in this drill?" Including players in decisions builds trust and encourages them to think critically about the game. For example, during a timeout you can ask the team for feedback on their opponents and suggestions for strategy. For example, "We need to . . ." Keep it pithy. You can easily lose your players' attention if you talk too much, too generally. Concentrate your verbal feedback on helping each player focus on what's important in the moment.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Убедитесь, что все игроки в команде понимают в чем суть игры. Будьте общительным. Тренируйте по методу Сократа. Тренируйте в демократичном духе. Общаясь с игроками, используйте "я" и "мы", а не "ты" и "вы", чтобы подчеркнуть, что вы - одна команда.


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The tag or label on your jacket should state the materials it is made from and their relative proportions. A jacket that is 100% nylon should be relatively easy to dye, but if it is made from a synthetic blend that includes other materials (such as polyester or acetate, for example), then it may be more difficult to get the dye to stay.]  Even if the jacket is made of a nylon blend, it will usually accept the dye if at least 60 percent of the jacket is made of nylon. Nylon blends are still dyeable as long as the other materials will also accept dye; examples include cotton, linen, silk, wool, ramie, and rayon.  Some nylon is treated or coated for durability or stain/water resistance; this can prevent the material from accepting dye, so check the jacket label for this information, as well. Even if your jacket is made of easily dyeable materials, its original color will significantly impact your coloring options. You should be able to dye a white or light grey jacket without much trouble, but if the jacket is another color then you might have some difficulty, especially if that color is already dark or intense.  A white or off-white jacket will be easiest to dye, but you might also be able to dye over a light pastel color like a baby blue, soft pink, or buttercup yellow. Be aware, however, that the current color will alter the final appearance of the dye. If you do attempt to dye a jacket that is already colored, make sure your dye is bright or dark in order to cover up the old color. Most standard chemical dyes can dye nylon, but you should make sure the one you choose will do this before you buy it. Most dyes will include information on the packaging about compatible materials; if you don't find this, check the manufacturer website.  Standard Rit dye works on both natural and synthetic fibers, but some brands have separate formulas for each type of material.  Always read the manufacturer’s instructions to verify that the procedure is doable for your particular jacket. If the manufacturer's instructions differ...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Проверьте ткань куртки. Учитывайте цвет вашей куртки. Выберите подходящую краску. Организуйте рабочее место. Снимите все аксессуары с куртки. Замочите куртку.


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The target of your joke has to be funny to your audience, or you'll be facing a stone-faced crowd. Don't plan to target high school girls if you're trying to make a room full of them laugh. Tread carefully if you're targeting a political or celebrity figure in his or her hometown. A joke that would be hilarious to one group of people might cause another group to start throwing rotten vegetables. Telling a long story that takes more than a minute or two will likely bore your audience. Practice telling shorter jokes so you can get a sense for how to best deliver them before you move on to telling full-blown stories. Remember that the best jokes aren't always the smartest, most detailed jokes; you've got to hit people in the funny bone.  Watch the people you're talking to. If you see their eyes start to wander, wrap up the joke. You can tell more than one joke in a row if the first one gets some laughs. Build on the energy you created. If you've got a big grin on your face when you're telling a joke, people will get distracted. Plus, smiling at your own joke sort of gives away the ending before you have a chance to get there. Instead, keep a straight face, make eye contact, and deliver the joke as if you were saying something as mundane as "I'm going to the store for a gallon of milk." Your delivery is as important to the humor of your joke as the content. After you deliver the setup of your joke, pause for a moment before giving the punch line. This gives people the chance to ponder and guess for a moment before you surprise them with your hilarious insight. Don't wait too long, though, or the energy of the joke will die.   A man walked into the doctor's. He said, 'I've hurt my arm in several places.' The doctor said, 'Well don't go there any more.' — Tommy Cooper  I don't care if you think I'm racist. I just want you to think I'm thin. — Sarah Silverman

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Вы должны знать свою аудиторию. Шутка должна быть простой и короткой. Потренируйтесь делать каменное лицо. Делайте паузы.


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The task for this construction is to copy, or transfer, some given angle, using the rules of mathematical construction. Begin with your sample angle on a sheet of paper. You also need to have a blank space to draw the congruent angle.  For ease of reference, refer to the original angle as Angle ABC. Point B is the vertex of the angle. An angle is made up of two rays that join at the vertex. This angle is comprised of Ray BA and Ray BC. The first tool that you need for constructing a congruent angle is a compass. Compasses come in a variety of styles. Some very inexpensive ones have a simple slot for you to insert a pencil. Some more expensive and accurate compasses have a variety of lead or ink inserts that may be interchangeable. For a simple task like copying an angle, you can use just about any compass that you have available. The second tool you need is a straight edge. In fact, for the most genuine constructions, you should avoid using a ruler. According to the true sense of geometric construction, you should not rely on measurements. Therefore, you can use anything with a rigid straight edge. The pencil in your compass will be used to mark certain lengths, but you will also need a pencil, pen or marker for drawing straight lines.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Рассмотрите данный угол. Возьмите циркуль. Возьмите линейку. Возьмите карандаш, ручку или любой другой пишущий предмет.


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The taskbar is the bar at the bottom of the screen. Doing so invokes a pop-up menu. It's near the bottom of the pop-up menu. Alternatively, press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc. This tab is at the top of the Task Manager window. It's a link near the top of the window. Doing so will reset the usage clock for each app on your computer to zero.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Щелкните правой кнопкой мыши по панели задач. Нажмите Диспетчер задач. Щелкните по Журнал приложений. Нажмите Удалить журнал использования.


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The teacher should be able to dance both lead and follow so he/she can teach you both how to do it and how it feels for your partner. Try to find a class that has a dozen or so people so you have a few partners to work with but still can seek individual attention. There are three types of tango: Argentine tango, International Ballroom tango, and the American Ballroom tango.  Argentine tango has become quite popular because of its free form, ad-lib steps and greater focus on the woman. Many amateur groups exist to teach and promote it. Whether you're in class or at a party, the tango generally happens in a circle. There are a couple things to know:  It moves counter-clockwise. You don't have to worry about turns, swivels, or anything fancy -- just know that you're moving counter-clockwise. Generally speaking, the better tango-ers take larger steps and dominate more space. The less-confident dances end up getting relegated to the center of the circle, all smushed in by the more audacious dancers. Don't let this happen to you! If you go alone, find a partner to have a "cabeceo" with. However, you don't ask; you simply make eye contact. If you meet eyes, you smile or nod. If they don't meet your gaze, move on. It's less intrusive and doesn't leave one party pressured to say yes. Generally, a round, or "tanda," is 4 dances. So if you're not sure you want to dance with this person for 4 dances, ask them on the 2nd or 3rd! . The tango requires balance and the willingness to learn. At first there will be a heck of a learning curve, but trust that it will go away. The steps will come. You'll step on a few toes, but they'll heal. If you keep with it, you'll only get better. The tango is not a dance that can be learned in one evening or with one lesson.  That is what makes the tango so much fun! There is so much to learn -- it can take you your whole lifetime to learn and understand the tango. But don't let that discourage you; let it intrigue you. When you've mastered it, you've mastered an art.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Найдите учителя, который заботится о технике, а не о зубрежке шагов и фигур. Движение по кругу. Ходите на вечера милонги и танго и показывайте себя. Наберитесь терпения.


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The teepee starts by fashioning a simple tripod with three of your poles. Lay two both flat on the ground, right next to each other and lay another across them, creating an acute angle at the top of about 30 degrees. The two poles next to each other will be your corner poles, while the crossing pole will act as the "door pole." For an accurate measurement, lay out the canvas and assemble the poles on top. With the tops of the two base poles in the center of the canvas, pointing toward the center of the flat side, lay the other pole on top of it so the end on the curved side of the semicircle is about a 1/3 of the way down from the edge. That should be roughly a 30 degree angle. Use about six feet of your rope to tie the poles together using a clove hitch knot. You should have about five feet left on the short side and 40 feet (12.2 m) or so on the long side. Do not cut the rope. With the short end, wrap around the poles several times and then tie another clove hitch with the remaining rope. The rest of the rope will come in handy later. Keep it coiled and out of the way. In the location you'd like to set up your teepee, raise the poles from the jointed end by pulling the rope. Have helpers stand with their feet on the bottom end of the poles to keep them from dragging the tripod.  At this point, it should look more like a bipod. When it reaches its apex, separate the two base poles that were next to each other roughly 9 feet (2.7 m) from one another. They will be the "back" corners of the teepee, while the crossing pole will be the "door pole." It should not be, strictly speaking, symmetrical, but more of an isosceles triangle. The back corner poles should act as a cradle for the door pole, with about a foot more space from each corner pole to the door pole than between each corner pole. Make sure all the corners of the tripod are sturdy by pulling down on the rope while standing in the center of the tripod, directly under the joining point. Set aside your sturdiest pole to act as your "lift" pole. You'll add...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Соорудите треногу. Свяжите треногу используя узлы. Поднимите вигвам. Расставьте жерди. Обмотайте полюса.


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The teeth most easily visible, and those which are most commonly used to age a horse, are the incisors. They are found at the front of the mouth and can be seen by peeling the upper lip up, and the lower lip down. The incisors are used to shear grass, which is then passed to the back of the mouth by the tongue, to be chewed by the molars. There is a gap between the incisors and the molars, called the diastema. In this gap, some horses grow extra teeth called "wolf" teeth (actually the first premolar), but these teeth are usually extracted between 2-5 years of age because they interfere with the bit, and they are therefore not relevant to aging. The horse has 6 incisors in the lower jaw and 6 in the upper jaw. The two middle incisors are called the "central" incisors, and moving outwards there is the "intermediate" and then "corner" incisors (which are the incisors in front of the diastema). The horse also has six upper and six lower cheek teeth on each side. These are grinding teeth and are used for chewing. They are difficult to see at the back of the mouth and play no major role in aging a horse. Aging a horse is not straightforward and every clue helps. As well as looking at the teeth, look at the horse itself to gain a general picture as to whether it is a youngster who still has some growing to do, an adult in its prime, or a rickety old nag in its golden years. Look at the horse as you approach, stand back even and appraise him. Does he look sprightly and young, doddery and old, or is he a leggy colt with growing still to do? Take your time and don't feel pressured. It helps to have a notebook to record what you see. There are a lot of factors to consider and it's easy to forget one or two.  To avoid this, perhaps jot a list down of the things you need to inspect in the horse's mouth, and then note beside each what you saw. This allows you to sit down later and draw all the jigsaw pieces together. When preparing to examine the horse's teeth, have the horse restrained in a halter, so you have good access...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Изучите процесс роста зубов лошади. Вы должны знать, сколько зубов должна иметь лошадь. Посмотрите на общий внешний вид лошади при определении ее возраста. Используйте блокнот для записи своих выводов. Осматривайте зубы лошади в правильных условиях. Откройте рот лошади. Вы должны знать, какие особенности зубов вы ищете. Посмотрите на определенные отметки и углубления. Определить возраст лошади по зубам со временем становится все более и более трудно.


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The temperature in the room should be  slightly cooler than what is comfortable for you. A slight drop in temperature induces sleep. This will really help. Do not let yourself get too cold, however, most especially your feet; cold feet can be disruptive to sleep. It is best to put on some socks. You may wake up and remove the socks in the middle of the night, but that is better than letting cold feet keep you awake. It can take several hours for your body temperature to cool down after exercise or exposure to excessive heat, so try to ensure that your body is at normal temperature when you get ready to go to sleep.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Отрегулируйте температуру.


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The temperature will often determine the best time to take your dog walking. Earlier in the day or later in the evening are suitable times of day to walk your dog. Avoid high noon as the pavement may be too hot for your dog’s feet. The best way to test if it is too hot is to place your bare hand on the pavement. If after only five seconds you have to remove your hand then chances are it is too hot. Along with poop bags and your clicker, carry a portable bowl and a bottle of water for your pet. Keeping your dog hydrated is important when walking for longer periods of time or during the hotter times of day. During summer months, it is extra important that your dog has plenty of water.  Healthy and easy snacks to carry include:  Strawberries Seedless watermelon Apple slices Blueberries Carrots Crushed ice for the hotter days Don’t overdo it when getting your dog used to walking with you, especially if this is the first time on a collar and leash. There will be a lot of pulling and resistance which may wear the little one out. Find a shady spot to rest for a couple of minutes along the walk.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Не гуляйте с питомцем в слишком жаркую погоду. Не забывайте про корм и воду. Старайтесь делать перерывы и отдыхать в тени.


First, read the English article below.

The temptation when you rescue an emaciated, or very thin, horse is to feed her a lot to help him regain weight. However, this is not as simple as it sounds because suddenly providing an abundance of food causes digestive problems and is likely to trigger potentially serious health issues such as colic or laminitis. Weight gain has to be mapped out over several months. It must be done carefully and methodically. The ideal food for helping the horse regain weight is forage (good quality hay) and the amount you feed the horse should be the amount recommended for her current body weight, plus 10 or 15%.  Use a measuring tape to assess the horse’s current weight, and cross reference this with a body weight-based feeding chart. If you are concerned that you are not feeding the horse the right amount, talk to a vet. After a period of starvation, the horse’s stomach will need to repopulate the good bacteria that aids digestion. Feeding the horse a large meal will put a lot of pressure on the horse’s stomach that could lead to digestion problems. Rather than giving the horse her allotted amount of feed all at once, space the amount of feed you give her out over the course of the day. This will keep the horse from gorging herself. Forage, or good quality hay, is the ideal food for a horse in the initial stages of rehabilitation because it is high in fiber, takes time to chew, and it difficult to bolt down. Bolting a lot of feed quickly can lead to choke, or a blockage of partially chewed, dry food in the esophagus.  Alfalfa hay is high in protein and low in carbohydrates, which can help to keep the horse energized. If the horse is eating hay well, increase her daily ration by about one flake a day, and after a week of eating well, consider allowing her free access to hay. Some horses won't eat hay; if this is the case with your horse, try hay cubes or roughage chunks. These can trick the horse into thinking she is eating a concentrate, which will make her more likely to eat. If the horse if having trouble eating...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Боритесь желанием кормить лошадь помногу. Распланируйте процесс восстановления веса лошади на несколько месяцев. Кормите лошадь небольшими, частыми порциями. Кормите восстанавливающуюся лошадь фуражом. Действуйте, если лошадь не есть сено. Добавьте в рацион высококалорийную пищу, если лошадь не набирает вес на одном лишь сене. Добавляйте масла в питание лошади, чтобы помочь ей набрать вес. Не давайте лошади концентратов.


First, read the English article below.

The tension in a given strand of string or rope is a result of the forces pulling on the rope from either end. As a reminder, force = mass × acceleration. Assuming the rope is stretched tightly, any change in acceleration or mass in objects the rope is supporting will cause a change in tension in the rope. Don't forget the constant acceleration due to gravity - even if a system is at rest, its components are subject to this force. We can think of a tension in a given rope as T = (m × g) + (m × a), where "g" is the acceleration due to gravity of any objects the rope is supporting and "a" is any other acceleration on any objects the rope is supporting.  For the purposes of most physics problems, we assume ideal strings - in other words, that our rope, cable, etc. is thin, massless, and can't be stretched or broken. As an example, let's consider a system where a weight hangs from a wooden beam via a single rope (see picture). Neither the weight nor the rope are moving - the entire system is at rest. Because of this, we know that, for the weight to be held in equilibrium, the tension force must equal the force of gravity on the weight. In other words, Tension (Ft) = Force of gravity (Fg) = m × g. Assuming a 10 kg weight, then, the tension force is 10 kg × 9.8 m/s2 = 98 Newtons. Gravity isn't the only force that can affect the tension in a rope - so can any force related to acceleration of an object the rope is attached to. If, for instance, a suspended object is being accelerated by a force on the rope or cable, the acceleration force (mass × acceleration) is added to the tension caused by the weight of the object. Let's say that, in our example of the 10 kg weight suspended by a rope, that, instead of being fixed to a wooden beam, the rope is actually being used to pull the weight upwards at an acceleration of 1 m/s2. In this case, we must account for the acceleration on the weight as well as the force of gravity by solving as follows:  Ft = Fg + m × a Ft = 98 + 10 kg × 1 m/s2  Ft = 108 Newtons. An object being...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Определите силы на каждом из концов нити. Учитывайте ускорение. Учитывайте угловое ускорение. Учтите, что сила натяжения благодаря силе тяжести меняется по мере прохождения груза по дуге. Рассчитайте трение.


First, read the English article below.

The term "ergo" can be defined to mean "as a result" or "for that reason."  Similar words include "therefore," "hence," "consequently," "so," "thus," and "accordingly." You can use "ergo" when describing the relationship between a cause and an effect.  Example: I love reading; ergo, I have a large library at home. It can also be described as an adverbial conjunction. The two parts of speech are interchangeable and essentially describe words that share properties of both adverbs and conjunctions.  An adverb is a term that modifies a verb or an adjective. A conjunction word that is used to connect two sentences, clauses, or ideas. A conjunctive adverb is a word that modifies the verb of an independent clause in a way that demonstrates a connection to another independent clause.  Example: I love reading; ergo, I have a large library at home. In this sentence, "ergo" modifies the verb "have" in the independent clause, “I have a large library at home.” It also connects the clause beginning with "I have" to the independent clause, "I love reading," and indicates that the latter is a result of the former. While you can use "ergo" and may hear or read it on occasion, the term is generally considered an archaic one, meaning that is "dated" and no longer a common term in modern English.  This does not mean that you cannot use the term "ergo." It does, however, mean that you should be cautious about using it. Using it too often can seem forced, pretentious, or unnatural. Since there are other terms that can be used in the same way, like "therefore," you may want to ask yourself if "ergo" is the best choice before you use it. In spite of the fact that it is an archaic term, "ergo" is still used more often than many archaic terms, which does grant it some form of modern relevancy.  Example: Instead of saying, “I love reading; ergo, I have a large library at home,” consider saying, “I love reading; therefore, I have a large library at home.”

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Что значит “ergo”. Понимайте "ergo" как соединительное или союзное наречие. Учтите то, что  “ergo” считается устаревшим.