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In instances of significant wrist trauma that leads to severe pain, swelling, bruising, and/or loss of hand function, it's best to see your family physician or emergency department immediately so that the correct diagnosis can be made. Grade III wrist sprains involve completely severed ligaments, which will need surgery to repair. Other serious wrist conditions that your doctor should consider are fractures, dislocations, inflammatory arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout), carpal tunnel syndrome, infection and severe tendonitis.  X-rays, bone scans, MRI and nerve conductance studies are modalities that your doctor may use to help diagnose your wrist issue. Your doctor may also send you for a blood test to rule out rheumatoid arthritis or gout. You should also see your doctor if you still have symptoms after treating a sprain at home for more than 2 weeks or if the symptoms are getting worse. Other symptoms that many be signs of a fracture include significant swelling, bruising, tenderness, deformity, and causes of the injury like falling onto your wrist and sports injuries. Children tend to have more fractures than sprains of the wrist. Chiropractors and osteopaths are joint specialists who focus on establishing normal motion and function of the spinal and peripheral joints, including the wrist. If your wrist sprain primarily involves a jammed or slightly dislocated carpal bone, then the chiropractor / osteopath will use manual joint manipulation, also called an adjustment, to unjam or reposition the affected joint. You can often hear a "popping" or "cracking" sound with an adjustment.  Although a single adjustment can sometimes completely relieve your wrist pain and restore full range of motion, more than likely it will take a few treatments to notice significant results. Wrist adjustments are not appropriate for wrist fractures, infections or inflammatory arthritis. An injection of steroid medication near or into a ligament, tendon or joint can quickly reduce inflammation and allow normal,...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Посетите врача. Посетите хиропрактика или остеопата. Посоветуйтесь с врачом относительно инъекций в запястье. Обсудите с врачом возможность хирургической операции на запястье.


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In large first-year classes, there might not be anyone taking attendance, which means that you won’t get in trouble the same way you may have in high school. This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t go to class, though, and some teachers will have an attendance policy. More importantly, skipping class means missing out on valuable learning. Don’t make your life more difficult by forcing yourself to cram come exam time. College is also expensive, and not going to class means that you are wasting a lot of your and/or your parents’ money—anywhere from $50 to $150 per one hour of class.  Do the readings, taking notes as you do so. You’ll retain much more if you read actively, and your notes will help you out a ton when exam time rolls around.  Participate if the class calls for it. Many college students hate or are afraid of speaking in front of groups, but you will get so much more out of your classes—and will enjoy them so much more—if you can get past this. Don’t be afraid of being wrong—your professor just wants you to try, and probably wasn’t asking a question with a “right” or “wrong” answer to being with. You should spend the same amount of time on your schoolwork as you would on a full-time job—at least forty hours a week. Bank on spending an average of two hours outside of class for every hour you spend in class. The balance will vary by subject (labs, for instance, will tilt more toward in-class time), but your library or dorm room is where a lot of the really hard work will take place. Some people plagiarize because they think they can get away with it; others do so because they honestly don’t know what it means. Either way, you are responsible, and you will get caught. Many schools have very harsh penalties for this behavior, including automatically failing the class and/or including a special note on your transcript.  Obvious plagiarism includes copying someone else's work and presenting it as your own and using someone else's words or ideas without citing her. Not using quotation marks around quotations is...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Ходите на занятия. Будьте готовы к тому, что вам придется посвятить много времени своей учебе. Выясните, что такое плагиат, и как его избежать. Познакомьтесь со своими преподавателями. Проверяйте свой электронный почтовый ящик. Научитесь пользоваться библиотекой. Будьте открыты для новых идей. Следите за своей успеваемостью. Если учебное заведение дает такую возможность, не ограничивайтесь только своей специальностью.


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In large qualities, saffron will produce a bitter flavor. It's best to prepare and use very small amounts in your dishes.  When possible, count the threads instead of measuring them by volume. Note that a "pinch" of saffron equals about 20 medium threads, and a pinch is usually enough in most recipes that serve four to six people. When using powdered saffron instead of whole threads, note that 1/4 tsp (1.25 ml) of powder equals about 1/2 tsp (2.5 ml) of threads. This amount is usually enough for recipes that serve 8 to 12 people; scale it as needed based on the number of servings. Most traditional recipes calling for saffron are grain-based, including risotto, pilaf, and paella.  You can find a recipe that calls for saffron or add it to a basic recipe. As a general guideline, add about 30 threads of saffron to four servings of risotto or pilaf made with 12 oz (300 g) of rice. Add 50 threads of saffron to a paella recipe that serves four. Since saffron has a flavor profile similar to vanilla, it works well in many desserts that typically feature vanilla as the primary flavor. This includes custard, plain pastry, and sweet breads.  For custards, only add a pinch of saffron to the recipe per four servings. For pastry and plain cookies, use 15 to 20 threads of saffron for every 8 oz (200 g) of flour called for in the recipe. Note that butter accents the taste of saffron better than margarine. For sweet breads, adding 15 threads of saffron per 1 lb (450 g) of flour will create a subtle flavor, but you can add up to 60 threads for the same amount of flour if you'd prefer a stronger taste. If you want saffron to serve as the primary flavor in a dish, you'll need to avoid adding other spices, herbs, or aromatics. When mixed with other spices, however, saffron can give dishes an overall deeper flavor.  When mixing saffron into dishes flavored with other seasonings, it's best to use only a pinch. Add the saffron early on so that the flavor can blend into the other ingredients more thoroughly. Seasonings frequently...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Используйте шафран в небольших количествах. Добавляйте шафран в блюда из злаков. Добавляйте шафран в десерты. Сочетайте шафран с другими вкусами и ароматами.


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In mainstream culture, people tend to just like things because everyone else likes them, not because they're actually good. In indie culture, people take quality seriously and you will need to as well. People can of course have different opinions about what is good, but you should evaluate new things to think about whether you think they are actually good. Set the standards bar high for music, food, clothing, and everything else in your life (especially concerning consumer products). Mainstream culture tends to be really trendy and most things that are popular will only be considered good for a short time. You should look for things, both past and present, which have a timeless quality. This is why indie music tends to take a lot of influence from folk music and fashion usually pulls from the 40s-70s. Indie means independent record label, after all. I won't bother with a list of well-known indie bands for you to listen to; there are new bands with new sounds coming out all the time and to tell you what to listen to would defeat the purpose. Being indie about music is about being open to new things.  Do some research. There are many online services such as Pandora, YouTube, or Spotify that will allow you to put in the name of an artist you enjoy and will make recommendations for you of new artists for you to listen to. Try new things and find some new bands! Head down to your local record store, if it still exists. Picking through records for hours is how our predecessors found their music and there is a lot to be said for it. If you're lucky enough to still have a local record store, become a patron. Talk to your friends about music. The best way to learn about artists you will really enjoy is to talk to other people who love music. Being indie is about exchanging new ideas and sharing new things; when you find a band you like, share it with your friends! Get involved in your local music scene. No matter where you are, there are people playing music in your area. This is the heart of indie music, and a great...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Имейте уникальный вкус. Ищите вечное, а не эфемерное. Интересуйтесь музыкой. Займитесь рукоделием. Всегда ищите что-то новое.


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In many cases of mitral stenosis, surgery is needed eventually but not immediately. Most cases can be controlled in the interim with medications; however, most cases will eventually require surgery once the condition gets to be severe enough. Doctors call this approach "watchful waiting."  You are advised to receive regular echocardiograms to monitor your mitral stenosis, and to see if and when your condition progresses to the point of potentially needing surgery. The frequency of your echocardiogram examinations will depend upon the severity of your mitral stenosis. Although medications cannot treat or cure mitral stenosis directly, they can help to ease symptoms and to improve your overall heart and lung function. Some medications that you and your doctor may wish to discuss include:  Blood thinning medications such as Warfarin (coumadin), plus or minus aspirin, to prevent blood clot formation and thus reduce your risk of a stroke. Medications such as Beta-blockers (e.g. Metoprolol) to decrease your heart rate and thus allow the chambers of your heart to fill with blood more effectively. A water pill (called a "diuretic"), such as hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide, to decrease the swelling in your lower extremities. The only definitive treatment for mitral stenosis is to have the valve surgically repaired or replaced. Your doctor can go over the pros and cons of each surgical option with you if and when it comes time for you to receive surgery — there are minimally invasive surgical options to consider for some patients.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Знайте, что лечение митрального стеноза не обязательно должно быть срочным. Отдайте предпочтение медицинскому лечению, чтобы уменьшить симптомы. Рассмотрите возможность операции по восстановлению или протезированию клапана.


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In many cases you can buy goat meat that has already been cubed, or cut into bite-sized pieces. If your goat meat has not been cubed, use a sharp knife to slice it into 1-inch pieces that will break down easily in the stew.  Any type of goat can be stewed. If you can't find pre-cubed goat meat, consider stewing a goat leg or goat steaks instead. You can stew a goat leg without cubing it. You need two pounds of goat meat, not including the weight of the bone. Combine the carrots, celery, onions and pepper in a bowl with the goat meat. Season the mixture with a teaspoon of salt and 1/2 teaspoon of pepper. Cover the bowl and allow the mixture to sit in the refrigerator overnight. If you don't have enough time to refrigerate it overnight, do so for at least two hours. Heat the oil in a saucepan over medium high heat. Add the marinated meat and vegetables and spread them out in an even layer. Cook on one side until browned, then turn the meat to brown on the other side.  There's no need to cook the meat through. Simply brown it on both sides and cook no longer than one to two minutes. Otherwise, the meat will come out tough. You can transfer the stew to a slow cooker at this point if you'd prefer not to cook it on the stove. Stir it well, then cover the pot and reduce the heat to a simmer. If you want to flavor the stew differently try any of the following variations:  For curried goat meat: substitute a cup of coconut milk for a cup of stock. Add 3 tablespoons curry powder. For spicy goat meat: add 1/2 Scotch Bonnet pepper, seeded and chopped, or 1/2 teaspoon cayenne pepper. Keep it at a low simmer for the duration of the cooking time. Check every fifteen minutes or so to make sure there is enough liquid in the saucepan to keep the meat and vegetables covered. If needed, add water or more stock in small increments to prevent the stew from drying out. After about two hours, the meat should be succulent and fall-apart tender when you poke it with a fork. This stew is delicious when served over rice. It tastes even...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Нарежьте мясо кубиками. Замаринуйте мясо с овощами. Обжарьте мясо и овощи. Добавьте бульон и томатную пасту. Продолжайте тушить на медленном огне в течение двух часов. Подавайте рагу, когда мясо станет мягким.


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In many cases, blank pages in a Word document result from extra added paragraphs or page breaks. To find out if this is what’s causing you trouble, you should enable format markers in Word. Now you will see paragraph markers (¶) at the beginning of each blank line, as well as at the end of existing paragraphs. You may also see lines that say “Page Break.” If you see a ¶ or a line that says “Page Break” on the blank page, you’ll need to delete it. If you see both (or more than one of each), highlight it all at once. This should delete all the ¶ marks and page breaks. You may need to hit Delete a few more times to delete the entire page. If there’s a paragraph mark that you cannot delete, it’s likely at the end of a table. See Removing a Blank Page at the End of a Table. Now you can make those markers invisible again. Click the ¶ icon or use one of these keyboard shortcuts:  Windows: Ctrl+⇧ Shift+8  Mac: ⌘ Cmd+8

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Откройте документ в Word. Нажмите комбинацию клавиш Ctrl+⇧ Shift+8 (Windows) или ⌘ Cmd+8 (Mac). Вернитесь к пустой странице. Мышью выделите знак ¶ или разрыв страницы. Нажмите на клавишу Delete. Выключите знаки абзаца.


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In many cases, doctors will simply recommend that you continue getting regular Pap smears to keep an eye on your condition. However, you may also need to have some further testing done. Keep in mind that a pap test is only a screening test, so your doctor can’t tell you what is wrong from this test alone. The colposcopy and biopsies are diagnostic tests that you will need to have done to find out what is going on. If your doctor recommends that precancerous cervical cells be removed, there are several treatment options available. These procedures may sound frightening and painful, but keep in mind that you will likely be given medication to numb your cervix and keep you comfortable.  Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) is a procedure in which your doctor cuts out abnormal tissue with a small electrified wire. This procedure is performed at your doctor's office using local anesthesia, and it only takes a few minutes. This is the most common treatment. Cryotherapy is another in-office procedure your doctor can perform by using a cold probe to freeze the abnormal cells. This procedure is very quick and may not require anesthesia. Cold knife conization is a procedure in which your doctor removes the abnormal cells using a scalpel. This procedure requires general anesthesia, so you will have to go to the hospital. Laser therapy is a procedure your doctor performs using a laser to remove the abnormal cells. Like cold knife conization, it is performed at a hospital using general anesthesia. If for any reason you believe that your doctor is not listening to your concerns or treating you effectively, or if you have any lingering questions about what your results mean, consider seeing another doctor. Don’t worry about offending the first doctor: medical professionals should understand and respect a patient’s wish to seek a second opinion. If your doctor thinks you have cancer, he or she will refer you to a specialist. That person can help you navigate the best treatment options for your particular case....

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выясните, нужно ли вам какое-либо лечение. Выберите подходящее для вас лечение. Проконсультируйтесь у другого специалиста. Найдите хорошего специалиста. Продолжайте регулярно сдавать мазки Папаниколау.


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In many cases, esophagitis will clear spontaneously within three to five days. This is especially true when the trigger was taking medication without enough water and you start drinking lots of water with medication. If you resolve your GERD, then the esophagitis will also begin to heal spontaneously. Stop eating the foods that cause an allergic reaction (eosinophilic esophagitis), and the inflammation and irritation will resolve. Some people experience symptoms that necessitate a visit to the doctor in order to prevent further physical damage. Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice:  Symptoms that last more than a few days. Symptoms that don’t improve or go away with over-the-counter antacids, changes to the way you take medications, or when you stop eating the foods causing the allergic reaction. Symptoms that are severe enough that you have difficulty eating. Any symptoms of esophagitis accompanied by signs of infection, such as muscle aches, headache and fever. Any symptoms of esophagitis that is accompanied by shortness of breath or chest pain that happens shortly after eating. Emergency care is needed if your symptoms also include:  You suspect that you have food lodged in the esophagus. You have a history of heart disease or experience chest pain. You experience chest pain that lasts more than a couple minutes. You vomit blood, which can indicate bleeding from the esophagus. You have black tarry stools, which indicate bleeding in the digestive tract. Blood turns black with a tar appearance after exposure to digestive enzymes. If the esophagus is bleeding, it can either turn the stool black in color or you may vomit blood. Your doctor will make a diagnosis based on a thorough history and physical examination as well as one or more tests.  Keep in mind that your doctor will recommend treatment based on the cause of esophagitis. A barium x-ray, usually called a Barium swallow, is an imaging study which uses a barium solution that lines the esophagus and stomach, making the organs more visible....

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Внесите простые изменения в образ жизни и посмотрите, позволит ли это быстро избавиться от симптомов. Знайте, в каких случаях следует обратиться к врачу. Обратите внимание на тяжелые симптомы. Обратитесь к врачу, чтобы он определил диагноз. Обсудите с врачом возможность рентгенологического исследования пищевода с барием. Узнайте насчет эндоскопии. Узнайте у врача насчет ингибиторов протонной помпы (ИПП). Попробуйте принимать блокаторы H2-гистаминовых рецепторов. Если у вас случался эзофагит в прошлом, регулярно проходите эндоскопию. Не запускайте лечение эзофагита.


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In many cases, it can be difficult to pinpoint food intolerances. If you have already performed a food diary exercise and an elimination diet or oral challenge, set up an appointment with an allergist, who may be able to specify potential allergens through skin prick tests or blood tests. They can also educate you on the differences between food allergies and intolerances.  In cases of mild or variable reactions to foods, using your history is the most important part of the diagnosis. In most cases, skin prick tests can be performed quickly and safely in the office of an allergy specialist. Skin prick tests involve inserting tiny amounts of potential offenders under the surface of the skin. If a bump appears, it indicates that you're sensitized to that food, which may lead to a food allergy diagnosis. A blood allergy test involves a small blood draw that will be sent to a laboratory for testing. It can take several weeks to get results.  Blood tests and skin prick tests may be helpful for determining if you're allergic to certain foods. Talk to your allergist to see if either is right for you.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Чтобы удостовериться в выводах, сдайте анализы на аллергены. Сделайте инъекционную пробу. Сдайте кровь на аллергены.


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In many cases, swollen nodes will appear and disappear without any major issues. However, if your nodes continue to grow or begin to harden, it may be time to talk with your doctor. They will likely do a physical exam and may order blood tests or a scan, depending on the possible diagnosis.  Swollen lymph nodes can be caused by wide variety of infections, including mononucleosis, tuberculosis, ear infections, strep throat, and measles. Seek out medical treatment if the lymph node becomes very large suddenly or overnight. If your lymph nodes are swelling due to an infection, then they usually won’t return to regular size until you are healthy once more. Waiting to treat any underlying conditions can result in abscesses forming around the swollen nodes. In more extreme cases, you can even suffer from bloodstream poisoning due to bacteria. If your doctor believes that your nodes are swollen due to harmful bacteria, then they may prescribe antibiotics. Make sure to take the entire course of the antibiotics, even if you feel better midway through. If the infection is viral, then antibiotics are not an option. If the swelling in your lymph nodes is caused by an illness or infection, then you’ll like have additional symptoms. Identifying these other issues will help you and your doctor understand how to treat any underlying conditions. Possible additional symptoms include: fever, runny nose, night sweating, or a sore throat. Although a lymph node can improve overnight, this is highly unlikely. More frequently, the pain in a node can lessen over a few days, but the swelling may take weeks to go down. If the infection progresses, the lymph node can turn into an abscess filled with pus. When this happens the node may need to be drained by a medical professional to reduce the risk of a more serious infection. This is especially the case if the abscess if located in the neck area.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Запишитесь на прием к врачу. Быстро вылечите инфекцию, чтобы избежать опасных осложнений. Принимайте антибиотики согласно указаниям. Остерегайтесь прочих симптомов. Учтите, что на выздоровление могут уйти недели. Пройдите хирургическое дренирование лимфоузла.


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In many cases, type 1 diabetes is first diagnosed in the emergency room, when children are admitted in a diabetic coma or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Though it can be treated with fluids and insulin, it's best to avoid this altogether by consulting your physician immediately if you suspect your child may be diabetic. Don't wait for your child to pass out for a long time thanks to DKA in order to have your suspicions confirmed. Get your child tested! Symptoms that require immediate medical attention include: loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, a high temperature, stomach pain, fruity smelling breath (likely you can smell it but your child won't be able to smell it themselves). If you suspect that your child might have type 1 diabetes, get evaluated immediately. To diagnose diabetes your doctor will want to request a blood test to assess how much sugar is in your child's blood. There are two possible tests, hemoglobin test and a random or fasting blood sugar test.   Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test — This blood test provides information about your child's blood sugar levels over the past two to three months by measuring the percentage of blood sugar attached to the hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells. The higher your child's blood sugar levels, the more sugar will be attached to the hemoglobin. A level of 6.5% or higher on two different tests is indicative of diabetes. This test is the standard test for diabetes assessment, management, and research.   Blood sugar test — In this test, your doctor takes a random blood sample. Irrespective of whether your child just ate or not, a random blood sugar level of 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) may indicate diabetes, especially if it occurs with other symptoms. Your doctor may also consider taking a blood test after requiring your child fast overnight. In this test, a blood sugar level from 100 to 125 mg/dL indicates prediabetes, while a blood sugar level of 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Знайте, когда следует обратиться к врачу. Посетите врача, чтобы он обследовал ребенка. Врач поставит диагноз и назначит план лечения.


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In many cases, writing your essay from start to finish is harder than writing it out of order. Also, you'll likely find yourself revising the early parts of your essay once you complete the body of the paper. Instead, you can opt to write your sections out of order. However, you always need to write your thesis statement before you can get started.   Body paragraphs first. Work through all that information you've been compiling and see what kind of story it tells you. Only when you've worked with your data will you know what the larger point of the paper is.  Conclusion second. Now that you've done all the heavy lifting, the point of your essay should be fresh in your mind. Strike while the iron’s hot. Start your conclusion with a restatement of your thesis.   Intro last. Open your introduction with a "hook" to grab the reader's attention. Since you've already written your essay, choose a hook that reflects what you will talk about, whether it's a quote, statistic, factoid, rhetorical question, or anecdote. Then, write 1-2 sentences about your topic, narrowing down to your thesis statement, which completes your introduction. The first sentence of a body paragraph (often called the topic sentence) prepares the reader for what you’ll be covering in that paragraph, the middle of the paragraph presents the information you've gathered, and the last sentence draws a low-level conclusion based on that information. Be careful not to overstep the bounds of the paragraph by making a much larger point about your two topics; that’s the job of the conclusion paragraph.  Organize your paragraphs using one of the approaches listed in the "Organizing the Content" part below. Once you have defined your points of comparison, choose the structure for the body paragraphs (where your comparisons go) that makes the most sense for your data. To work out all the organizational kinks, it’s recommended that you write an outline as a placeholder. Be very careful not to address different aspects of each subject.  Comparing the color of...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Пишите сочинение не по порядку. Напишите абзацы основной части. Напишите заключение Напишите введение. Проверьте написанное.


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In many cases, you can allow the pregnancy to proceed normally, but make sure you have a vet on hand in case there are complications, which are more likely if your pig is older or younger or has not given birth previously. Try to find a vet who specializes in rodents and other small animals, rather than just a generic vet. If you have multiple sows, remove the male pig immediately to prevent others from becoming pregnant. Even if this is the only sow you own, you should still remove the male pig before she reaches 60 days in her pregnancy. It is best to house the male in an adjacent cage where he can still be close to the female.  A male guinea pig who can not see or hear his mate may develop stress, making him susceptible to illness.  Male guinea pigs will continue to mount pregnant sows, which can cause stress or pain to your pregnant sow late in the pregnancy (after the 50-day mark). She could also become pregnancy just two hours after she gives birth. You'll want to make sure your pig is getting sufficient food, water, and nutrients since these things are also helping the fetuses develop.  Feed your guinea pig alfalfa hay instead of timothy hay so that she gets more protein and calcium. Your pregnant sow will also need more vitamin C after 4 weeks, about twice as much, so incorporate more fresh fruits and vegetables high in vitamin C into her diet. In addition, you may want to increase your guinea pig's fiber intake. Increased fiber intake can prevent hair thinning, which is common in the last stage of pregnancy. You should weigh your guinea pig twice a week to make sure that is gaining weight (and not losing it) and is generally healthy (e.g., eating all her food, still social and interactive, etc.) and check she's healthy. If at any point her weight begins to fall or if she begins to show signs of illness, consult a vet immediately. Try to make your guinea pig's life follow a routine so as to minimize stress, which can aggravate the dangers that accompany guinea pig pregnancy.  Avoid making changes to a...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Поговорите с ветеринаром. Отселите самцов. Давайте самке достаточно еды и воды. Регулярно взвешивайте беременную самку. Избавьте свинку от стресса.


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In many cases, you will be able to make a dinner reservation early in the same day. However, if you are planning the dinner ahead of time, call earlier. Most restaurants will accept reservations a few days in advance, and exclusive fine dining venues will often accept (or even require) reservations weeks or months in advance. If you are attempting to book a tough reservation, remember that your attitude on the phone will go a long way. Be confident but polite; avoid giving the impression that you feel entitled to a reservation. However, remember that even Michelin-starred restaurants are not in the business of turning away customers. If the host replies that the restaurant has no availability, explain your situation and ask politely if there is any way you can be accommodated in the future. When calling say, "Hi, I'd like to place a reservation for this coming Saturday at 5." The host will then likely ask how many people are in your party and tell you if that time and date is available. If it's not available, try asking "Is there a table available for an earlier/later time?" If the answer is still no, ask if they can give you their earliest availability and go from there. If you book your table a week or more in advance, it's sometimes good to call the day of your reservation just to double-check that you still have it. You should do this as early in the day as you can in case there is a problem. This will allow you to make other plans if you need to, or give you time to work out the problem with the restaurant. Once you've secured your reservation, call ahead and apologize if it looks like you'll be up to 20 minutes late. If you are running much later than that, consider canceling and rescheduling your dinner. Remember that reservations are made for a reason - to make sure as many guests as possible are served on each night. If you are late it affects other guests' reservations. This way you can let the hostess know you've arrived and ensure that your table won't be given to someone else. Many restaurants...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Звоните как можно раньше. Говорите вежливо и обходительно. Позвоните, чтобы подтвердить резервирование. Позвоните заранее или отмените резервирование, если вы опаздываете. Старайтесь приехать за 10–15 минут до указанного времени.


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In many cases, your cat will be able to overcome a fever on its own, but it is always a good idea to consult your vet. If your cat is sick for several days or you suspect a chronic condition, it is even more important that you visit your vet. In addition to telling the vet that your cat has had a fever, be sure to tell your vet any other symptoms that your cat has exhibited. This is important information that your vet can use to determine a diagnosis. Depending on the vet’s diagnosis, you may simply need to keep your cat hydrated and comfortable. If your vet suspects infection or something else, you might have to administer medicine.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Если температура ниже 37,22 или выше 39,17 градусов Цельсия (99 и 102,5 градусов Фаренгейта соответственно), обратитесь к ветеринару. Расскажите врачу о симптомах заболевания. Во всем следуйте инструкциям, полученным от ветеринара.


First, read the English article below.

In many cities, it is common to find two buildings separated by only a narrow alley. The ideal distance would be a little greater than the distance between your elbows when you extent both of your arms out to the side. Your left hand and foot will go to one wall, while your right hand and foot will go to the other. Apply pressure to both walls simultaneously in order to hold up your body's weight. As you do so, you will have to increase the pressure you apply with the other hand or foot that is on that particular wall.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Найдите две стены, которые находятся близко друг к другу. Упритесь обеими руками и обеими стопами в стены. Переставляйте вверх по одной руке или ноге за раз.


First, read the English article below.

In many high school and college courses you will be asked to write a literary commentary. This assignment requires you to evaluate a piece of literature, most often a novel, poem, or play. The key part of a successful commentary is a strong, clear thesis statement.  Your thesis is your argument or your point of view. This is where you take a stance, and spend the rest of the essay supporting your thesis. Maybe you are writing a commentary on Great Expectations. Your thesis could be, “Not only is Dickens’ tale engaging, it is also an insightful commentary on the differences between social classes in industrial Britain.” This will vary considerably depending on how long you want your commentary to be. At its briefest, say for a bulleted or single-paragraph commentary, make note of vital information to include. For longer commentaries, create a structure for your response. You might write at the top of your outline, “Important Themes in Great Expectations”. You could then make bullet points such as “Setting”, “Ambition”, “Class”, etc. An introductory paragraph  will help you to remain focused on the key points as you write. For example, include an introduction where you provide the context for the work and state your thesis, followed by analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, themes, etc. Then wrap up with a short conclusion of the importance of the topic.  You might start by saying, “Great Expectations is full of imagery that makes the reader feel as if they are in 19th century England with Pip. Dickens’ novel about class, ambition, and love sheds important light on the social divides of the time.” You could then list the themes that you will discuss in the body of your commentary. State an issue or theme you've identified, show where you've found it in the work, then explain what effect the issue or theme has on the work. You might feel that Miss Havisham’s obsession with lost love is an important theme in Great Expectations. An excellent specific example to illustrate this theme is pointing out that the...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Сформулируйте тезис. Составьте план. Представьте выбранную тему. Подкрепляйте тезис конкретными примерами. Свяжите примеры с выбранной темой. Список литературы.


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In many infants and young children, scalp eczema will clear up on its own within a few weeks. It could take a few months to clear in some cases. Although it may look uncomfortable, most children are not bothered by the condition.  If the condition does not clear up, consult with your pediatrician to discuss treatment options. Like adult scalp eczema, the condition may clear up after treatment and reappear later. The treatments for infants and children younger than two years old differ from treatments for adults. Do not use even OTC treatments meant for adults on children under the age of 2. Most of the time, the scales that form on your child’s scalp can be removed with a gentle massage. Use your fingers or a soft washcloth. Wet the child’s hair with warm water and gently rub the scalp. Do not scrub the skin! Avoid using sharp or exfoliating cleaning tools, such as scrubbers, loofahs, or harsh sponges on your child’s skin. Shampoos meant for adult eczema can be too harsh for your child’s delicate skin. Use a regular mild baby shampoo, such as Johnson & Johnson’s or Aveeno Baby.  Wash your child’s hair daily. 1% to 2% ketoconazole shampoo is effective and safe for infants, although you should always talk with your pediatrician before starting treatment. It can be used twice daily for two weeks. If massage does not remove the scales, you can rub petroleum jelly or mineral oil on the areas of scaly skin. Avoid using olive oil.  Allow the oil to sink into the skin for a few minutes. Then shampoo with a gentle baby shampoo, rinse thoroughly with warm water and brush the child’s hair as usual. Make sure to rinse thoroughly your child’s scalp after each oil treatment. Otherwise, the oil may build up and cause the condition to worsen. Give your child a warm (not hot) bath every 2-3 day. Don’t bathe the child for more than 10 minutes. Avoid irritants such as harsh soaps, bubble bath, Epsom salts, or other bath additives. These can irritate your child’s skin and make eczema worse.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Подождите, пока кожа очистится самостоятельно. Лечение себореи у детей отличается от лечения этого заболевания у взрослых. Удалитe чешуйки, массируя кожу головы ребенка. Используйте мягкий детский шампунь. Втирайте масло в кожу головы. Ежедневно купайте ребенка.


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In many instances, the best way to clean sticky hardwood floors is with a cleaning solution that is formulated specifically for wood floors. Choose a cleaner with a label that clearly states the product is formulated for the type of hardwood floor you are cleaning. Mild dish soap will help remove sticky residues from hardwood floors. Opt for a pH neutral soap that is vegetable based. Mix 1⁄4 cup (59 ml) of dish soap in a bucket of warm water to create an effective cleaning solution. Vinegar may prematurely dull or damage hardwood floors. It can, however, be an effective way to clean sticky floors. Try mixing 1⁄2 cup (120 ml) of white vinegar with 1 gallon (3.8 L) of warm water. Use a soft, non-abrasive cloth to scrub the sticky area.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Купите чистящее средство, предназначенное для деревянных полов. Попробуйте средство для мытья посуды. Используйте уксус с осторожностью.


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In many parts of the world, food manufacturers are required by law to provide nutritional information on packaged food products. This information is presented in the form of a chart, which can usually be found on the back or side of the package. If you’re curious about what you’re eating, the nutrition facts label is where you should look first. A food’s nutrition facts can tell you everything you need to know about what’s in it, including a comprehensive ingredients list and an overview of each of the major macronutrients. When assessing a food’s nutritional value, you should look at 3 things: protein, carbs, and fat. These macronutrients account for all of the calories in the item (aside from calories from alcohol). As a result, the exact amount of each macronutrient indicates what proportion of the total calories they make up. Alcohol also contains a significant number of calories. Each gram of alcohol is about 7 calories. A gram of protein is estimated to contain about 4 calories. A gram of carbohydrates also has 4, and a gram of fat is worth a whopping 9 calories. If the item you’re eating contains 20g of protein, 35g of carbs, and 15g of fat, this means you would multiply 20x4, 35x4, and 15x9 to find the number of calories contributed by each macronutrient—80, 140, and 135, respectively. Nutrients are always measured in grams. Make sure you’re using the right standard when calculating food calories yourself. Now that you know how the calories are divided up, add together each individual count to get the combined calorie count for one serving of the item. Going off the previous example, 80 + 140 + 135 = 355 calories. This number should correspond with the estimate displayed on the item’s packaging.  Breaking down the calorie count by macronutrient rather than simply reading it off the box allows you to see not just how many calories are in a certain type of food, but how to make them part of a balanced diet. 355 calories might not sound like a lot, but if you’re trying to eat less fat, you might be...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Найдите данные о составе и энергетической ценности продукта на его этикетке. Обратите внимание на количество белков, углеводов и жиров в составе продукта. Умножьте массу каждого питательного вещества на его калорийность. Общее число калорий для каждого питательного вещества. Учитывайте размер порции. Сравните калорийность разных питательных веществ с их рекомендованной суточной дозой.


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In many places, including the State of California, you must give the landlord the same amount of notice as there are days between rent payments. Check your lease for the notice requirement - this document will probably also contain instructions and rules for announcing your departure. Understand these rules before you give your notice, as they will help inform your decision. For instance, if you are on a fixed-term lease, by moving out early, you may be breaking the terms of the lease, and thus may be held responsible for future rent, advertising costs, etc. Unlike giving notice to an employer, giving notice to a landlord usually requires some sort of written notification. In this letter, you will want to include important information in the notice, such as the name of everyone who is vacating the property, the address of the property you are vacating, the address of the property you'll be moving  to, and the date you intend to leave. The tone of your letter should  serious and formal, with an eye for proper spelling and grammar. If you can, it's a very good idea to speak with (or, at the very least, strike up an email conversation with) your landlord so that you can go over the arrangements you'll need to make to move out. S/he may require that you drop off the key at a specific location on your last day. S/he may also want the house completely clean by a certain date, even if you're not required to move out until later. It's best not to  guess  about these things, so talk to your landlord as soon as you can. When you contact your landlord, mention that you'll be able to turn the property over in clean (if not perfect) condition. Delivering the property in good, clean condition will increase your chances of receiving back all or most of your security deposit. Many landlords will require an in-person inspection (that you'll need to be present for) before you hand the keys over. This is in the interest of both parties. Your landlord wants to make an honest assessment of the condition of the property so s/he...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Ознакомьтесь с вашим арендным соглашением. Отправьте письменное уведомление своему домовладельцу. Поговорите или созвонитесь с вашим арендодателем с целью обговорить условия выезда. Убедите домовладельца, что вы сделаете в доме уборку перед переездом. Назначьте время тщательного осмотра. Договоритесь об условиях возвращения залога.


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In many places, teachers are never allowed to reprimand their students physically. Teachers should never approach their students romantically or sexually, or make sexually charged comments or jokes. Humiliating or bullying students is not ok.  For example, teachers should not make comments such as, “If you were older, I would date you,” or other remarks that seem to suggest or invite a romantic relationship. Sometimes these comments can seem flattering. However, they are an abuse of the teacher-student relationship. Teachers should not single students out for humiliation or invite other students to mock them. Reprimanding students in this fashion is inappropriate, bullying behavior. While it’s normal for a teacher to impose reasonable consequences or speak sternly to a student, she should not scream, subject a student to a lengthy tirade, or threaten a student with disproportionate punishments. It’s normal to dread a class taught by a bad teacher, but fear or sadness about entering a classroom may be a signal that something more serious is going on. Notice if your feelings about the class are impacting the rest of your life or preventing you from enjoying your normal activities. It’s one thing not to love math class; it’s another to have your whole week overshadowed by it. Note down the date and, if possible, exact words or actions, or record it with your phone. This kind of information will be more helpful than general statements such as, “She always picks on one kid,” or “He often talks about girls and dating in a weird way.” Notice what other students or teachers witnessed the incident. Inappropriate or abusive behavior needs to be reported. Start by discussing it with your parents. You may ask them to meet with the principal, head-teacher, department head, or other appropriate authority. Be prepared to submit your concerns in writing. If these conversations don’t have an effect, talk to those higher up: the superintendent, the school board, or the local education authority, for example.  Physical or...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Признаки неприемлемого или оскорбительного поведения. Следите за собственными реакциями. Фиксируйте ненадлежащее поведение. Поговорите с родителями и администрацией школы. Переведитесь в другой класс.


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In many places, you cannot automatically assume ownership of a stray dog. There are several ways to report that you found a stray dog: contacting your local animal control center or animal shelter, putting up 'Found' signs throughout your community and in your newspaper, and posting a picture of the dog on animal rescue sites (e.g.,https://www.petfinder.com/). If the stray dog has a collar with an identification (ID) tag, look for his name, along with the name and contact information of his owner. If you do not see an ID tag, take him to a veterinary clinic, animal shelter, or animal control center where he could be scanned for a microchip.  If you can obtain the owner's contact information, contact the owner immediately to let him or her know you found his or her dog. You can then arrange a time and place for the owner to pick up the dog. You should make every effort to reunite the stray dog with his original owner. If you are unable to find the stray dog's owner, but do not feel like you can care for the dog, transferring him to animal shelter or animal control center may be a reasonable option. However, either of these places will likely have significant budgetary and resource limitations.  Animal control centers or shelters may not be able to house rescued animals for long time periods, and may have a policy to euthanize animals who are not claimed or adopted within a certain timeframe.  Research different shelters to find out which ones have available space. You may also want to consider transferring the stray dog to a 'no kill' shelter. Adoption is another option if you are not able to locate the stray dog's owner. Before claiming ownership, there will likely be certain requirements you will have to meet. For example, you would need to wait for a designated holding period—the period during which the dog's original owner can claim him.  Ask at your local animal control center or animal shelter about how long the holding period is.  If the owner has not claimed the dog within the holding period, you would...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Сообщите об обнаружении собаки. Проверьте бездомную собаку на наличие идентификационных жетонов или микрочипа. Учитывайте ограниченные возможности приютов для животных и служб отлова. Подумайте о том, чтобы оставить собаку у себя. Не пытайтесь накормить пойманную бездомную собаку.


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In many religions and faiths, doing a good deed is one sure way to gain favor and to clear oneself of bad energy. Depending on your faith, good deeds could achieve several ends. Consider:  That good deeds could gain you karma, if you believe in karma. That good deeds could be seen as a requirement to avoid negativity and evil. That good deeds could be seen as a way of making amends for evil or bad actions you’ve taken in the past. Meditation is a great way to clear yourself of negative energy. In addition, meditation will help relax you and focus your mind. As a result, meditation should be on your top list of ways to relieve yourself of negative energy.  Situate yourself in a peaceful, quiet, and cool room or space. Close your eyes. Focus your mind on breathing. Don’t let other thoughts invade your mind. Inhale deeply, hold, and then exhale for a prolonged period of time. Repeat this process as much as you need to clear your negative energy. Another way to clear negative energy is to pray or say a prayer to your god. Depending on your faith, this could serve to protect yourself from evil spirits or it could serve to gain favor from a deity or deities.   Say a short prayer or repeat a short mantra. Spend a prolonged time in prayer or repeating mantras. Regularly pray or worship your deity. Sing a gospel song, if this is part of your faith or denomination.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Делайте добрые дела. Регулярно медитируйте. Молитесь своему Богу.


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In many ways, the symptoms of cyberbullying are the same as other typical signs of bullying: decreased performance in school, mood swings, loss of interest in activities, sleep disturbance, and others previously mentioned. With cyberbullying, however, your child's anxiety may center on the computer or other technology.  You child may suddenly not want to use the computer and express fear about the idea of being on the computer. He may look nervous or anxious when using it. Your child might close or block the computer screen when someone comes near because he may be embarrassed about the bullying. Remember that your child can access the internet from a mobile device too, so pay attention to changes in using these devices too. He may decrease usage, use password protection when he didn't before, try to hide the device, or express anger when someone touches the device. When you notice signs of cyberbullying, you should not waste time. Ask your child right away if he is having trouble with someone online. That way, you can take action as soon as possible before the bullying causes serious problems for your child. Like with ignoring a bully in real life, ignoring the messages is the first step to stopping the bullying online. When the bully stops getting a response from a victim, he will often lose interest. Hopefully this will be enough to stop the bullying, but be prepared to take further measures if the harassment doesn't stop. Social media sites and email servers often have an option to block certain people. Use this feature if your child won't stop reading or responding to the harassing messages. Cyberbullying presents a unique opportunity to present concrete evidence of bullying. It can be difficult or impossible to prove if a bully said something to your child, but texts, emails, and messages are all in writing. If you end up needing to contact the school or law enforcement, having evidence will help your case. Save any conversations or messages your child receives to document the bullying. Schools used to...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Обратите внимание на признаки киберпреследования. Спросите ребенка, обижает ли его кто-нибудь в интернете. Попросите ребенка перестать отвечать на обидные сообщения. Зафиксируйте случаи преследования. Свяжитесь с администрацией школы, если хулиган учится в одном классе с вашим ребенком. Если хулиган угрожает ребенку физической расправой, обратитесь в полицию.


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In middle school, you're usually feeling a rush of all kinds of emotions. Your hormones are going wild, and you're likely noticing members of the opposite, or the same sex, for the first time. But dating in middle school should not be your priority. Focus on things like friendships, school, and developing your own unique personality more than you focus on finding someone to date.  If you want to date, talk to your parents about it and seek their guidance. Make sure you're allowed to date before you move forward. If you don't want to date, that's perfectly fine. Most middle school relationships exist largely online and in the imagination, anyway, which means you should take what other people are saying with a big grain of salt. Don't date if you don't want to. Who are you crushing on lately? Who seems like they would be nice to be around, more than a regular type of friend? Who are you attracted to? Try to find someone you think would make for a fun date, someone you can imagine hanging out with, maybe a lot. Someone you wouldn't mind kissing.  Make sure they don't have a date already, and aren't going with anyone. It can be awkward to ask someone who is already going out with someone. Make sure that you already talk to this person during the week, so asking them out won't be as awkward, and the relationship will work out better, since you already know a decent amount about the person. While it's always fine to ask something as simple as, "Will you go out with me?" it's sometimes even better to have a specific reason in mind, so you can have an excuse to talk.  Is a dance coming up? Asking someone to a dance is one of the most common ways of asking someone out on a date. If it goes well, you can sometimes stay a couple afterward. If not, you'll have fun anyway. What about a homecoming game? Or another sports game? Ask if you can go together? Maybe a new movie is coming out soon that everyone's talking about. Ask someone to go with you to the movie. If you're going to put yourself out there, you want to make...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Встречайтесь только в том случае, если хотите. Найдите человека, который вам нравится. Дождитесь подходящего повода. Убедитесь, что вы хорошо выглядите. Используйте удобный момент. Представитесь, если нужно. Просто задайте вопрос. Убедитесь, что ваши родители не возражают.


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In mixed martial arts, "tackles" are generally called "takedowns," and are used to–you guessed it–take your opponent to the mat and fight on the ground. It's appropriate especially when you're fighting someone who is primarily strike-oriented, and you're more of a mat-wrestler, or think you have a better chance winning with your ground game. . The most common takedown in MMA is the double-leg takedown, in which you drive your shoulders into your opponent's hips, grabbing both legs behind the knees and pulling them in close to you. Many fighters will drive the opponent up into the air slightly after being taken off their feet, to make the impact on the ground more powerful. For added bonus points, cage fighters can drive their opponents into the cage first, using it as an ally.  Wait for a flurry of punches to shoot down and take out the legs. Georges St. Pierre is particularly good at waiting until the opponent has dropped guard to strike and opened up to the double-leg.  Freestyle wrestlers will also commonly use this move, but often somewhat lower than the MMA fighter. Technique-wise, a freestyle wrestler will often drop to their knees very quickly, shooting into the opponent's shins to pull them backward off their feet, whereas the MMA fighter needs to defend from strikes, which makes it more necessary to stay upright. In Judo, the double-leg takedown is called the morote-gare, and has been a legal maneuver since the early 80s. Find yourself having thrown an overhand haymaker and missed wildly? The good news is you've probably worked your way in close enough that you can grab on for a body lock. In a body lock, you'll basically wrap your opponent's waist in your arms, with your head next to their head. To take it to the mat, wrap your dominant striking leg behind your opponent's and rotate your shoulders to turn and bring him off his feet, into the mat. Be prepared to get a knee to the gut, or defend elbows. This isn't the most defensive-minded position, but if you execute it quickly enough, it can be a...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Изучите варианты защиты, уместные в бою. Сделайте двойной захват ног. Используйте блокировку тела, если вы пропускаете удар. Использовать харф-гард. Перейдите на суплекс (бросок с прогибом).


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In modern versions of Excel, you can use a feature called "SmartArt" to make more attractive diagrams. Select "SmartArt" in the ribbon menu above a blank spreadsheet to get started. In Excel 2007, instead select the Insert tab, then find SmartArt in the Illustrations group. Now that the ribbon menu is displaying SmartArt options, select the Hierarchy icon, near the left side of the menu. Select the visual style of your choice, and it will appear over the spreadsheet. The new diagram can be dragged around and enlarged just like any Excel object. Click on each shape or blank line within the diagram to type the name of your family tree. Alternatively, use the Text Pane that appears when you select the diagram. Any change you make in the text pane will instantly affect the diagram's appearance.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Нажмите на кнопку SmartArt на панели инструментов вкладки "Вставка". Создайте иерархию. Заполните схему данными своего генеалогического древа.


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In molecular orbital theory, bond order is defined as half of the difference between the number of bonding and antibonding electrons. Bond order = [(Number of electrons in bonding molecules) - (Number of electrons in antibonding molecules)]/2. Each electron that entered a bonding molecular orbital will help stabilize the new molecule. Each electron that entered an antibonding molecular orbital will act to destabilize the new molecule. Note the new energy state as the bond order of the molecule. If the bond order is zero, the molecule cannot form. The higher bond orders indicate greater stability for the new molecule. Hydrogen atoms have one electron in the s shell, and the s shell is capable of holding two electrons. When two hydrogen atoms bond together, each completes the s shell of the other. Two bonding orbitals are formed. No electrons are forced to move to the next higher orbital, the p shell – so no antibonding orbitals are formed. The bonding order is thus (2−0)/2{\displaystyle (2-0)/2}, which equals 1. This forms the common molecule H2: hydrogen gas.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Запомните формулу. Чем больше кратность связи, тем стабильнее молекула. Рассмотрим простой пример.


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In most cases, a person will wake up suddenly because of a nightmare. This sudden shock to your system from fear can cause your heart rate to rise. By tensing and relaxing your muscles, you may be able to return your heart rate to a normal level and easily drift back to sleep.  Tightly tense and release muscle groups by beginning at your toes and ending with your forehead.  Tense muscles for about 10 seconds and give them 10 seconds to release. You may find that taking a deep breath in between further relaxes you. In addition to higher heart rate, you may also be experiencing rapid breathing and anxiety as a result of the nightmare. Meditation can help lower your heart rate, return breathing to normal, decrease anxiety, and enhance relaxation. Meditating for a few minutes may help your body calm down and fall back asleep quickly and easily.  Allow your breath to flow naturally without controlling it. This may greatly increase your relaxation and bring your heart rate back to normal more quickly.  Allow your thoughts to come and go. This may help you more readily let go of the images from your nightmare. If you're finding it difficult to refocus your mind and relax, try repeating “let” with every inhalation and “go” with every exhalation. If you can't fall asleep within a few minutes of waking from a nightmare or the images continue to disturb, do something to distract your mind. You may want to get out of bed for a bit or do another activity, which could help relax you enough to eventually become drowsy enough to fall back asleep.  Go someplace where you relax. Try reading or listening to soft music, both of which can distract your mind and relax you.  Keep lights dimmed to avoid stimulating your brain to stay awake. Many people experience sweating along with the other physical and emotional symptoms of a nightmare. Remove some of your bedding to help cool off, which may in turn help you fall asleep more quickly.  Having a higher body temperature can make it difficult to fall and stay asleep, so only remove...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Расслабьте тело. Успокойтесь с помощью медитации. Отвлеките ум. Уберите лишние постельные принадлежности. Игнорируйте часы. Соблюдайте режим сна и бодрствования.


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In most cases, a stiff neck can be relieved immediately by performing a series of exercises to relieve tension caused by tight or strained neck muscles.  Stretch the muscles in the front and back of your neck by tilting your chin toward your chest. Then bring your chin up toward the sky. Repeat for several minutes. If this exercise feels painful, don't tilt your head too far forward or backward. Just try enough movement to feel a little stretch. Stretch the muscles in the sides of your neck by tilting your head toward one shoulder and then toward the other. Continue doing so until the pain eases a bit and the muscles feel less tense. This is often the most painful motion you can make when you have a stiff neck, so ease into it slowly. Keep turning your head from left to right for several minutes. For the first few days after you start getting a stiff neck, it's a good idea to decrease the amount of physical activity. This will help reduce symptoms and relieve some of the inflammation you may be experiencing. Avoid the following sports or exercises for the first 2 to 3 weeks after the stiff neck appears:  Football, rugby, hockey, or any other high-contact sports Golf Running or jogging Weightlifting Ballet Sit-ups and leg lifts

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Разомните мышцы шеи, вертя головой вперед-назад. Наклоняйте голову из стороны в сторону. Поворачивайте голову налево/направо. Постарайтесь снизить тяжелые физические нагрузки.


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In most cases, agents and publishers will only be interested in completed manuscripts. Writing your synopsis after you finish the manuscript will help you identify the main characters, plot points, and conflict.  Established authors who have published before may be able to get away with submitting an incomplete book proposal, but most new authors will need a full manuscript. You will need to know how the story ends to write the synopsis, as a synopsis will include the resolution of the story. This may include the protagonist, a love interest, a villain, or a sidekick.  Only the most important characters should be mentioned in a synopsis. Take a minute to write out who your main characters are. Make sure each of your characters is dynamic, rather than flat. They all need to be well-rounded and capable of change. Additionally, each character should impact the story in a significant way. The synopsis will cover the main narrative arc of your story. This arc usually does not include subplots, unless the subplot is important to the overall conclusion of the main arc. Try to outline the main conflict, rising action, and conclusion of your story.  If you wrote a novel or memoir, you may want to write down a one sentence summary of each chapter. For example, you might write, “Rory looks for his father and meets an old friend.” If you wrote a screenplay or play, make a list of what happens in each act. You can write, "Rory enters the warehouse, and a shootout ensues." If you have a collection of short stories or poetry, identify the main themes of each work. For example, you might state, "This collection explores memory, childhood, and innocence." Publishers and agents read hundreds of synopses a week. To make yours stand out, highlight what is unique in your own story. Use this angle to make your synopsis different or interesting.  Does your story have an interesting point of view? If so, be sure to mention it. You can say, “This story centers around the last dwarf in the underground kingdom.” Does your story have a...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Начинайте работу над синопсисом после завершения основного проекта. Составьте список главных действующих лиц. Создайте схему главных сюжетных моментов. Определите уникальность своей работы. Узнайте требования к объему синопсиса.


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In most cases, cutting off the circulation to your foot by crossing your legs is the reason it goes numb. The blood vessels around your knee can get compressed with leg crossing or other contorted positions. Furthermore, the nerves that innervate your foot muscles are positioned next to the blood vessels, so some nerve entrapment or compression is not unusual either. As such, simply change your position by uncrossing your legs so that your foot gets its proper blood supply and nerve input.  The foot that you cross over is typically the one that "falls asleep." As the blood starts to flow properly into your foot again, it should feel a little warmer and somewhat prickly for a few minutes. In addition to changing your leg position (if leg crossing caused the pins and needles in your feet), stand up from your chair in order to promote better circulation. When you stand up, you enlist the help of gravity, which helps pull the blood from the upper leg into the foot. Arteries have smooth muscle fibers that contract and push the blood down in correlation with your heart beating, but standing up might make the process occur a little quicker.  Moving your foot in all directions (circular motions for 15-20 seconds) will likely help with circulation also and reduce the numbness or pins and needles sensation a little quicker. While standing, a light leg stretch (such as bending at the waist and trying to touch your toes) might help "wake up" your feet also. After switching positions and un-kinking blood vessels and/or nerves of your lower leg, consider walking around to promote better circulation. The main caveat here is, make sure your have some feeling and normal strength in your foot otherwise you risk tripping or collapsing and causing an injury.  Once you change your position, pins and needles in the feet don't last for more than a few minutes. Permanent foot damage can occur if blood flow is restricted and nerves are compressed for many hours.  Simply shaking your asleep foot may be a safer alternative to walking...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Измените положение ноги. Встаньте. Пройдитесь. Носите удобную обувь. Сделайте теплую ванночку для ног.


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In most cases, increasing production will make each additional unit more profitable. This is because fixed costs are now being spread thinner across a larger production volume. For example, if a business that produces 500,000 units per years spends $50,000 per year in rent, rent costs are allocated to each unit at $0.10 per unit. If production doubles, rent is now allocated at only $0.05 per unit, leaving more room for profit on each sale. So, as revenues increase, cost of goods sold should also increase, but at a slower rate (as ideally variable cost per unit stay constant and fixed cost per unit declines).  To determine whether or not variable costs are staying constant, divide total variable cost by revenue. This will give you an idea of how much of costs are variable costs. You can then compare this figure to historical variable cost data to track variable cost per units increases or decreases.  For example, if total variable costs were $70,000 one year and $80,000 the next while revenues were $1,000,000 and $1,150,000, respectively, you could see that variable costs remained fairly stable through those two years at $70,000÷$1,000,000{\displaystyle \$70,000\div \$1,000,000}, or 7{\displaystyle 7} percent, and $80,000÷$1,150,000{\displaystyle \$80,000\div \$1,150,000}, or 6.96{\displaystyle 6.96} percent of revenue, respectively). By comparing the percentage of variable costs to fixed costs for a unit, you can determine the proportion of each type of expense. This can be calculated by dividing variable costs per unit by total per-unit cost using the formula vv+f{\displaystyle {\frac {v}{v+f}}} where v and f are the per-unit variable and fixed costs, respectively. For example, if the fixed costs per unit is $0.10 and the variable cost per unit is $0.40 (for a $0.50 total cost per unit), then 80 percent of the unit cost is variable cost ($0.40/$0.50=0.8{\displaystyle \$0.40/\$0.50=0.8}). As an outside investor, you can use this information to predict potential profit risk.  If a company primarily experiences...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Оцените тренды изменения переменных затрат. Используйте процентную долю переменных затрат в себестоимости для оценки риска. Проведите сравнительный анализ с компаниями той же отрасли. Проведите анализ безубыточности.


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In most cases, ingrown hairs will disappear without any intervention on your part. Typically, the ingrown hair will find a way to grow out through the skin that’s been blocking it. While waiting for the ingrown hair to clear up, do not pick or scratch at the ingrown hair. While you’re waiting for the ingrown hair to disappear, avoid shaving over the bump. If you nick the area, you’ll risk infecting or worsening the ingrown hair. Ingrown hairs are pretty similar to pimples, especially when the ingrown hair is accompanied by pus. Apply benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid several times a day for a few days. This, combined with daily exfoliation, is often enough to remove the ingrown hair since swelling will be reduced, giving the hair more room to grow out (rather than in). You can purchase acne cream at any drugstore or pharmacy. If your ingrown hair starts to fill with white or yellow pus, it’s infected. In this situation, before you remove the hair, you must treat the infection. Do this by rubbing a small dollop of steroid cream on the top of the infected skin. The cream will reduce swelling and help clear up the infection. Some steroid creams—like cortisone—are available over the counter. For a stronger steroid, visit your doctor, and ask for a prescription to a steroid cream.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Дайте вросшему волосу неделю, чтобы "вылезти" самостоятельно. Нанесите средство от акне на область, где есть вросшие волосы. Нанесите стероидное средство на воспаленную область.


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In most cases, romantic rejection is not a criticism of your character. If a girl decides she doesn't want to date you, it doesn't mean she dislikes you or even finds you unattractive. Though every instance of rejection is different, the common thread is that "you" are not rejected. Rather, your request to date is. After the rejection, don’t be afraid to feel any emotions that come your way. Sadness, anger, fear, and similar feelings are all natural parts of rejection, and working through them now will make it far easier to move on in the future.  Don’t be afraid to cry or scream when you're alone. If you can, talk through your feelings with a close friend, family member, or therapist. Sharing your emotions with a supportive, understanding person can make a huge difference in your mental well-being. Though returning to the rejection may hurt, doing so after grieving can help you better understand what happened and gain some closure. If you believe your crush said no because she dislikes something about you, think about whether it is something you should change or if it is a simple matter of preference. In addition, remember that there are plenty of reasons she might have said no that aren’t related to you, such as:  She is too busy to date. She has a different sexual orientation than you. She is working through personal or emotional issues. She already has a significant other. She has a crush on someone else. She enjoys being single. If your crush is someone you see a lot, it's normal to experience some awkwardness after a rejection. Over time, you and your crush’s nerves will cool down and your normal friendship can resume. Until then, try to be as kind, friendly, and polite to your crush as you can.  Say "hi" when you see her. Smile and ask how she is if you're nearby. Just treat her like a friend and eventually you'll feel better around one another.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Помните, что отказ — это не личная обида. Найдите время погрустить. Обдумайте возможные причины отказа. Будьте добры к девушке, даже если чувствуете себя неловко.


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In most cases, starting a new life will require spending some time organizing your finances. This often means calls or visits to your financial institutions. No one looks forward to dealing with these issues, but taking care of them early will make everything that follows easier.  For example, if you're starting over because you've lost your home in a fire, you'll need to contact your insurance company right away to set wheels in motion for receiving compensation.  If your plans involve an early retirement, you'll need to contact the company that runs your retirement plan to see what options they have for you. If you've lost your job, you'll need to look into getting unemployment and/or food stamps while you work on developing your new career. None of this is glamorous or particularly fun, but all of these actions are important for making sure you have the resources you need for your new life. Next, set about making a fresh routine for yourself that will help you fulfill your plan. Understand that this will unfold as you incorporate different behaviors in your new life.  For example, you may now become an early riser. Perhaps you work from home instead of commuting. There is almost an infinite number of variables and changes one could make in beginning a new life. Some changes are determined by the choices you make in where you live, what you do, whether you have returned to school, if you have children or a partner, and ultimately, by the kind of life you wish to lead. It takes about three to six weeks to build a new routine that displaces your old one. After this period, your new routine will be a habit. Do not compare yourself to others. Your journey is your path and yours alone.  Focusing on what you don’t have, or what others have achieved will only make you miserable and self-critical. Do the best to work with what you have to begin a new life. Spending time comparing yourself to others will only distract you from what you need to do to achieve your goals. Starting a new life is a major task that will...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Позаботьтесь о необходимом. Заведите новый распорядок. Сосредоточьтесь на себе. Обратитесь за помощью. Будьте терпеливы.


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In most cases, sweet’s syndrome can resolve on its own. But keep in mind that medications can help speed up your recovery. If you do decide to start treatment, the treatment of choice for Sweet’s Syndrome is oral steroids to reduce inflammation. The steroid is usually prednisone, administered at 30 to 60 milligrams daily. Symptoms will clear up in a few days after treatment but therapy may last weeks.  Steroids are tapered down to lower doses to help prevent relapse and prevent the body from going through steroid withdrawal. Since prednisone is similar to our body’s hormone cortisol, high dose steroid use can abruptly decrease the production of cortisol. When steroids are stopped suddenly, the body’s levels of cortisol are too low to compensate. Therefore, it’s necessary to taper down to lower doses to help our body start producing cortisol again. Symptoms of steroid withdrawal include severe fatigue, body aches, weakness and joint pain. Prescription steroid creams may also be used to reduce inflammation. But these will only affect the area they are applied to. Use a prescription steroid cream when lesions appear in one or few places only. Steroids will help reduce inflammation at the RA site. Steroid injections provided by your healthcare provider may also be performed, but each area will need an injection of steroids. Typically used if located in one area only. This will provide rapid relief but repeat injections may be needed by your healthcare provider. You will need to discuss with your doctor to establish proper dosing, regimen and timeline. Your doctor may also provide you with a prescription for potassium iodide or colchicine. These drugs typically result in rapid resolution of Sweet's syndrome symptoms and lesions. Along with steroids, they are also considered first line treatment. These drugs may be administered to you by themselves if you cannot take steroids due to side effects or conditions such as severe diabetes. Second line treatments include immune system blocking drugs such as Indomethacin...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Решите, необходимо ли вам лечение. Принимайте пероральные стероидные препараты. Используйте отпускаемые по рецепту стероидные кремы. Узнайте у врача насчет инъекций стероидов. Узнайте насчет иодида калия и колхицина. Подумайте о том, чтобы принимать медикаменты, которые блокируют иммунную систему.


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In most cases, talking to your parents about how their fighting is upsetting you is a good thing. It's possible that your parents don't know that you can hear their arguments, or they may not realize how upset you are. They might think that their fights are no big deal, and haven't thought about it from your perspective. As much as you want their fighting to stop immediately, it's best if you stay away (if possible) during your parents' fight. Wait until they've calmed down, and tell them that you want to talk about something that's been bothering you. You are making a mature decision to talk to your parents about how their fighting is affecting you, which is great! To increase the chances of having a good conversation with the outcome you are hoping for, you need to try to communicate effectively. You should begin by explaining to your parents what you observe from your perspective. For example, “Mom and Dad, it seems like you have been having a lot of fights lately, especially in the mornings when we're all getting ready.” Because you want your parents to understand things from your perspective, it can be a good idea to let them know what you think about the situation, even if what you think is that you are totally confused. For example, you could follow up by saying “I'm not really sure why there have been so many fights lately. Maybe it's because you guys have been working extra shifts or because you have to bring me to school early for band practice.” Be honest about how you are feeling, and hopefully your parents will listen, be able to reassure you, and will decide to change their behavior. For example, you can continue the conversation by saying “Anyway, it's been pretty stressful. I'm worried that you're mad because of me, and I'm worried that you're going to split up.” Don't forget to tell your parents what you want. Of course you may really just want them to stop fighting altogether, but that might be unrealistic. You can, however, ask them to try keep you out of it, or to do their best to argue in...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Решите, хотите ли вы поговорить с родителями о их конфликтах. Выберите правильное время для разговора с родителями. Расскажите вашим родителям, как вы смотрите на их ссоры. Расскажите вашим родителям, что вы думаете. Расскажите о ваших чувствах. Расскажите вашим родителям, что вы хотите. Запишите, что вы хотите сказать. Вместо разговора с родителями напишите им письмо. Послушайте объяснения ваших родителей. Поговорите с человеком, которому вы доверяете, о ссорах ваших родителей. Будьте готовы к семейной терапии.


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In most cases, the reset button is labeled accordingly; if not, look for a small button or pinhole button that can only be pressed using the end of a pen or paper clip. This will restore the router to its original factory settings and reset the password in the process. In most cases, the default password will be “admin,” “password,” or left blank. Contact the router’s manufacturer directly to obtain the default password if you experience difficulty with logging into your router.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Включите маршрутизатор и дождитесь, когда он загрузится. Найдите на маршрутизаторе кнопку «Reset» (Сброс). Нажмите и удерживайте кнопку сброса в течение 10–15 секунд. Откройте страницу конфигурации маршрутизатора с помощью учетных данных по умолчанию.


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In most cases, this will be the "A1" cell. Before you can sort your sample, you'll need to highlight all of your data. This includes the random sample numbers to the left of your data as well. Doing so will highlight all of your data, making it ready for sorting.  For example, if your data takes up two columns of 50 cells each, you would select "C50" while holding down ⇧ Shift. You can also click and drag your cursor from the top left corner to the bottom right corner of your data (or vice versa) to highlight it. This will bring up a context menu with options that will allow you to sort your data. If you're using a Mac, you can click using two fingers (or hold down Ctrl and click) to bring up the context menu.  You can also click Sort Largest to Smallest here--the only thing that matters is that your data is reorganized randomly according to the "= RAND()" values in the "A" column. Depending on how many results you need, your process from here will vary. However, you can do a couple of things with the sorted data:   Select the first, last, or middle half of the data. If your number of data points is too large to warrant this, you can also settle on a lower fraction (for example, the first eighth of the data).  Select all odd- or even-numbered data. For example, in a set of 10 data points, you would either pick numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9, or 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10.  Select a number of random data points. This method works best for large sets of data where picking half of the information is too ambitious. Now you have a non-biased sample pool for a survey, product giveaway, or something similar.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выберите верхнюю левую ячейку. Удерживайте ⇧ Shift и щелкните по нижней правой ячейке. Щелкните правой кнопкой мыши по данным. Наведите курсор на Сортировка. Нажмите Сортировка от минимального к максимальному. Просмотрите результаты сортировки. Выберите данные, которые войдут в случайную выборку.


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In most cases, trigger finger is caused by repetitive gripping of the hand, or flexing of the thumb or forefinger. Those who are farmers, typists, industrial workers or musicians are particularly susceptible because they constantly repeat certain finger and thumb movements. Even smokers can get trigger thumb from repeatedly using their lighters. As such, stop (or limit) the repetitive action that's inflaming your finger if you can and maybe the pain and contracture in your finger will resolve itself.  Explain the situation to your boss and maybe they will give you different tasks to perform at work. Trigger finger tends to happen most often in people who are between 40 and 60 years of age.  Trigger finger is more common in women. The application of ice is an effective treatment for essentially all minor musculoskeletal injuries, including trigger finger. Cold therapy (ice wrapped in a thin towel or frozen gel packs) should be applied to the inflamed tendon (it usually looks like a little bump or nodule in the lower part of your finger or in the palm of your hand, and will be tender to touch) in order to reduce the swelling and pain. Ice should be applied for 10-15 minutes every hour, then reduce the frequency as the pain and swelling subside. Compressing the ice against your finger / hand with a bandage or elastic support will also help control the inflammation, but don't tie it too tight because complete restriction of blood flow could cause more damage to your finger. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen or aspirin can be short-term solutions to help you deal with any pain or inflammation in your finger. Dosage for adults is usually 200-400 mg, by mouth, every 4-6 hours. Keep in mind that these medications can be hard on your stomach, kidneys and liver, so it's best not to use them for more than 2 weeks at a stretch. You can develop gastritis or ulcers from NSAID overuse. Signs and symptoms of trigger finger typically include: stiffness (particularly in the morning), a...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Давайте себе отдых, если ваша работа связана с часто повторяющимися движениями. Приложите лед. Принимайте нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты, которые можно приобрести без рецепта. Растягивайте пораженную кисть.


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In most cases, when you purchase your glasses from an optometrist, optical office, or eye boutique, you will also receive a microfiber cloth intended for cleaning your lenses. This cloth is ideal for cleaning smudges and cloudiness.  If you've lost or misplaced your microfiber cloth, find a soft, clean substitute cloth. Cotton, so long as it's clean, should be suitable. It is important to use fabric that is not treated with fabric softener as that can cause streaks on the lenses.  You should avoid using: coarse fabrics, like wool and certain synthetic fabrics, facial tissue, or toilet paper, as these will cause tiny scratches to form on your lenses over time. These solutions are specially formulated to cut through dirtiness without doing harm to your lenses or coatings that may be on your lenses. Spritz a moderate amount of the cleaner onto your lens and wipe it clean with your soft, clean cloth. Do not use your saliva to clean your lenses. Saliva won't clean especially well and is unhygienic. If you don't happen to have glasses cleaner on hand, you can use a drop of dish soap and warm water to cut through grime and leave your lenses pristine. Use your fingers and carefully spread the soap over the surface of your lenses. Rinse the lenses clean of soap with warm water, and you're ready to move on. After applying your cleaning solution, you can take your soft cloth and wipe your lenses dry in gentle, circular motions. You should try not to use scrubbing motions, which can lead to lens damage over time. Depending on just how dirty your glasses really are, you may need another application of cleaner before you lenses become fully clean. After using your cleaner or dish soap and hot water, wipe your lenses with your soft cloth. Oil and dust can collect in the nook between your nose pads and lenses, creating a cloudy film in the area close to your nose. By using a soft bristle toothbrush, dish soap, and warm water, you can bust up this grimy buildup, though you should be careful not to scrub your lenses with the...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Возьмите мягкую чистую ткань. Воспользуйтесь очистителем для стекол. Используйте средство для мытья посуды и теплую воду. Протрите очки мягкой тканью. Осмотрите линзы на предмет наличия стойких пятен. Соскребите налет с носовых упоров.


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In most cases, you can use a keyboard shortcut to open Firefox in Safe Mode. Find the Firefox icon in your Mac's Applications folder, in the Dock, or in Launchpad, then do the following:  Hold down the ⌥ Option key. Click (or double-click) Firefox. Release the ⌥ Option key when Firefox opens. Click Start in Safe Mode when prompted. Troubleshoot Firefox as needed. Click the magnifying glass-shaped icon in the top-right corner of the screen. A text box will appear. Type in terminal in Spotlight, then double-click Terminal in the resulting list of apps. Type /Applications/Firefox.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox -safe-mode into Terminal. Doing so runs your command. This will confirm your decision and open Firefox in Safe Mode, at which point you can proceed with troubleshooting your add-ons as necessary.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Воспользуйтесь сочетанием клавиш. Откройте Spotlight. Откройте терминал. Введите команду для запуска Firefox в безопасном режиме. Нажмите ⏎ Return. Нажмите «Запустить в безопасном режиме» в окне с запросом.


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In most cases, your interviewer will tell you at the end of the interview how much time the decision-making process with take and how long you should expect to wait for a response. However, if he or she doesn't volunteer this information, don't hesitate to ask.  In addition to asking about how long the decision-making process will take, you should find out who within the company will be contacting the candidates and what method of communication they intend to use (phone, email, etc.) It's important to request this information, as it gives you an idea of the appropriate time to follow-up, along with who you should be following up with. Before you leave the interview, be sure to ask for your interviewer's business card.  This will provide you with the correct spelling of their name, their exact position within the company, their phone number and their email address. This is essential information to have when you want to send a thank you note or email. Asking for these details may feel a little awkward, but it will actually leave a positive impression on the interviewer and let then know how interested you are in the job.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Если интервьюер сам не скажет, сколько времени вам нужно подождать до принятия ответа, не стесняйтесь его об этом спросить. Попросите визитку интервьюера.


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In most entertaining speeches, you can take a fairly lighthearted and personal tone. Speakers often introduce themselves to the audience. Within the introduction, the speaker should explain the connection he or she has to the matter at hand and use that explanation to bridge into the speech.  This is most often seen at eulogies and weddings. The speaker introduces himself or herself and begins to explain who they are in connection to the subject being addressed. If you are delivering a wedding toast, you might begin by talking about your connection to the bride, groom, or couple getting married. It can also be used at an event being held by an organization. In that case, the speaker might explain her position within the organization. Speakers often begin a speech by referring directly to the topic at hand. This makes an immediate connection to the audience, whose members are all there for the sake of the same subject. When you have a personal connection to the subject of your speech, a common way to start your speech would be to share a personal story that demonstrates that connection. Incorporating current news stories is a good strategy because it confirms to the audience that your speech is relevant. Make a link between your speech topic and a current event by referring to something that has happened recently in the news., For example, if your speech is about the lack of women working in technology, you might find a recent story about how girls are being discouraged from pursuing science in high school. Start your speech by mentioning a relevant historical event in order to give your audience a common reference point. For example, if your speech is about overcoming challenges, you could talk about a historical figure who did just that, such as Helen Keller. Many speeches are given at professional or academic conferences. These events often have a theme that provides a sense of coherence to the overall purpose of the conference. Connect the beginning of your speech to this theme. For a speech delivered at a...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Расширьте свое личное приветствие. Перечислите все, что вас связывает с предметом речи. Расскажите историю из личной жизни. Ссылайтесь на текущее мероприятие. Ссылайтесь на историческое событие или деятеля. Свяжите речь с темой конференции. Ссылайтесь на событие.


First, read the English article below.

In most establishments in the US, tips are not only accepted, but they are encouraged because the servers rely on them to make enough money to survive. In some other countries, tips might be considered insulting or not allowed!  There are some venues where tips may not be allowed. For example, some all-inclusive resorts in the Caribbean may discourage tipping because a service fee is already woven into the overall vacation cost. If you are attending a group gathering paid for in advance by someone else, such as a wedding reception, it’s possible that the gratuity was already paid in advance by the person who paid for the event.  There’s no harm in leaving an extra tip in a situation like that, though, if you can afford to do so. The server will likely appreciate it. The culture around tipping in Europe is not the same as tipping in the US. Tipping is expected in the US, but in Europe it’s often not expected at all.  Start by looking at the restaurant’s menu to see if it lists service as being included. If it’s not, you could leave between 5 and 10 percent. It would be considered a lot and unusual to tip more in some countries. The difference is that servers in Europe are often better paid than they are in the US, meaning they rely on tips far less to survive, and are likely to consider the tip as a small and unexpected bonus. It’s a good idea to hand the tip to the server rather than leaving it on the table. You might see a 12.5 percent optional tip on some menus in London. Tipping customs vary widely depending on the country you’re visiting. It’s a good idea to research the country’s practices before you embark on your trip.  In the Middle East, tipping will be appreciated even in small amounts. Some governments, like Dubai, mandate a 10 percent service charge to bills at restaurants.  In Egypt, the tip is often included in the bill but you can add 5-10 percent above that. In Israel and Jordan, the tip is usually included in the bill. Canada is similar to the United States, so tip between 15 and 20 percent...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Убедитесь в том, что чаевые принимаются. С осторожностью оставляйте чаевые в Европе. Что касается других стран, нужно с умом оставлять чаевые. В большинстве стран Азии чаевые не предусматриваются.


First, read the English article below.

In most instances sand flea bites will consist of a small red spot, similar to a mosquito bite. In some cases, however, a female flea will burrow into the skin to hatch eggs. These can cause severe irritation and infection. The bite will look like a swollen area with a small black spot in the center. If you think you have a burrowing sand flea, you should visit the doctor to have the flea removed. After applying hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion the symptoms should decrease. If this does not happen or if the symptoms worsen, then you should visit your doctor immediately. This could mean that the bites have become infected or that you are allergic to flea saliva. Your doctor may recommend that you treat the bites with a prescribed antihistamine cream. This cream will help reduce irritation caused by an allergic reaction to the flea bites. Follow the instructions provided by your doctor.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Проверьте укусы на присутствие размножающихся блох. Сходите на прием к врачу. Обработайте укусы антигистаминной мазью.