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Hammertoe, also known as a contracted toe, is a deformity of the second, third or fourth toe caused by a contraction at the most proximal joint, which results in a hammer-like appearance. Hammertoes are usually flexible in the initial stages but may become rigid if they are not treated appropriately. Hammertoes are caused by wearing shoes that are too small or too narrow, or by wearing high heels that put excessive pressure on the muscle groups of the toe.  Hammertoe can be fixed by surgery (cutting and stretching the contracted tendon, then placing a metal pin/wire next to the joint for support), or aggressive stretching regimens on a daily basis. Splints and supports can also be effective for alleviating hammertoe. Use your fingers to massage around the toe, then manually pull (stretch) the hammertoe, holding each stretch for several seconds. Continue this routine multiple times daily for weeks or until you see substantial improvement. Claw toe means that your toe becomes hooked in appearance due to contraction (flexion) of the proximal and distal joints, which forces the end of the toe to dig into the shoe's sole. Painful calluses or corns develop at the very end of the affected toe. Claw toes are caused by wearing shoes that are too small and also by some diseases (such as diabetes) or conditions (tendon contractions).  Claw toes can also be fixed by similar surgical methods used for hammertoe, which includes cutting and stretching the contracted tendons. Try walking on the tips of your toes, which will cause extension (and stretching) of the contracted tendons/joints. Mallet toe is similar to claw toe but involves abnormal positioning only at the most distal joint (at the end of the toe). Mallet toe is commonly caused by shoes that are too tight in the toe box or ones that possess high heels. The forces these shoes place on your feet cause unnatural bending of your toes.  Mallet toes can also be fixed by similar surgical methods used for hammertoes and claw toes — cutting and stretching the contracted...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Избавьтесь от молоткообразного искривления пальца ноги. Исправьте "косолапую стопу". Избавьтесь от "клюшкообразного" искривления пальца.


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Hamster cages should be cleaned out completely every week to 2-3 weeks, depending on your hamster and needs. They should also be "spot cleaned," by removing fresh foods and cleaning toilet areas, each day, depending on the size and type of cage. To clean the cage, take the top off and empty all the dirty bedding and wood shavings and old food into a dustbin. Scrape out all the other remains. Go over the cage with a pet-made disinfectant, then dry it with tissues or kitchen roll, if preferred.  Wash out bowls and water bottle (or bowl) at the same time as cleaning the cage. Dust and rinse all items of the cage. Dry everything and fill the cage with fresh wood shavings, bedding, food, and water. Put all the items back in the cage and clip the top back on. A clean cage makes your Syrian hamster happy and healthy. Try giving your hamster a "hamster toilet," which is a plastic litter pan with a hood that fits snugly into the corner of the cage. Use the special hamster litter which you can purchase from pet stores, and clean the toilet every other day. Hamsters generally catch on quickly as to what the hamster toilet area is for, since instinct tells them to use one corner for toileting, and the confines of the toilet help them to feel secure. Disinfect the cage properly and change the  bedding before putting your hamster back in. While you clean the cage, you can put your pet in a play pen have someone supervise it.  Hamster balls are terrible for hamsters. While some might look like they are enjoying it, they are probably stressed and trying to find a way to get out of it by running around. If a hamster gets thirsty or hungry it would also not be able to tell you, which could be very bad for your small pet. Put the hamster in a pen, supervised, so it cannot escape. Cleaning the cage too often can cause stress; this does not mean do not clean your cage, rather, just clean it every other week and remember spot cleaning is your best friend. Syrian hamsters are the most friendly and sociable of the hamster family....

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Содержите клетку хомячка в чистоте. На время чистки клетки отсаживайте из нее хомячка. Окружите хомячка любовью. Будьте осторожны, когда будите хомячка. При необходимости обращайтесь к ветеринару.


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Hamsters are nocturnal animals, meaning they are active at night. Choose a time later in the day, such as after dinner, when he is most likely to be awake. If you notice he is just waking up, give him about 15 minutes to be awake before trying to hold him. If your dwarf hamster is sleeping, do not wake him up. If you do, he may be startled, think you are a threat, and try to bite you. Wait until he wakes up on his own. Before you handle your dwarf hamster, wash your hands to remove any food scents. If your hamster smells food on your hands, he will think your hands are food and nibble on them. Use unscented soap to wash your hands. Make a cup with your hands and slowly lower them into the cage. Speak to him as you lower your hands so he knows you are there and are not a threat. Do not make any sudden movements or loud noises as you place your hands in his cage—this could startle him.  If your dwarf hamster is not readily walking onto your hands, consider putting some tasty treats in your hands to lure him to you. If treats don’t work, try using a scoop or a large serving spoon. Hold the item on the cage floor and let him walk onto it (don’t scoop him up). After you lift him out of the cage, transfer him to your hands. When your dwarf hamster is nestled comfortably in your hands, slowly lift him up towards you. If you can, turn his body in your hands so he is facing you. Looking at you will help him feel less disoriented and scared about being lifted up.  When you have him out of the cage, let him crawl on you. Exploring you will help your dwarf hamster feel more comfortable with you. Be as still as you can while he climbs and crawls on you. Consider sitting or lying down so he can crawl on you more easily. Taming your dwarf hamster requires daily practice. Hold him a few times a day for 5 minutes each time. With daily practice, your dwarf hamster will become more tame and easier to handle. Consider holding him at the same time each day. That way, he knows when to expect you.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выбирайте правильное время для приручения хомячка. Вымойте руки. Опустите руки в клетку вашего карликового хомячка. Достаньте хомяка из клетки и дайте ему возможность изучить вас. Берите хомяка на руки ежедневно.


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Hamsters are very active and need lots of things to exercise in their cages, getting a wheel is a good place to start. Dwarf hamsters need a 6.5 - 8 inch wheel and Chinese hamsters need an 8 inch wheel. Larger hamsters, including Syrian hamsters need a 12 inch wheel. It's very important to get a wheel that is big enough for your hamster. Flying saucers cannot replace a normal upright wheel, as it encourages an unnatural way of running. NEVER use barred or mesh wheels, as your hamster can trap a limb or get bumblefoot (painful sores on the feet). One way to tell if it is too small is to look to see if your hamster is running with an arched back, like a smiley face. If they are, then the wheel is likely too small. If you buy a bottle, buy a good one that doesn't leak too much. If you get a bowl, buy something like a small bendy log bridge to put over it so that your hamster doesn't bury it or get wood shavings in it, or you can place the bowl on a small shelf. Using a bowl enables you to keep a good track on how much they are eating, and can be cleaner and easier. However, using scatter feeding brings out the hamster's natural foraging skills. You can also do a mix of both. If you have a pair of dwarves, then scatter feeding is advisable as it can prevent fighting. If you have a Chinese hamster (note! Not dwarf hamsters. Despite what a pet shop may have told you, they're solitary like Syrians, even the males) or a Syrian hamster then it is advisable to get a food bowl so that you can check their eating habits. If you get a bowl, buy a small one so it doesn't take up too much cage space. Most houses are suitable for dwarf hamsters and Chinese hamsters, but many are much too small for a Syrian hamster. Bendy bridges can be turned into lovely cave-style houses if you bury them under the substrate! Some hamsters make nests, but they need somewhere to hide and store food anyway. Hamsters are very energetic and need lots of toys. Make sure to get chews as their teeth never stop growing! Hamsters love toys that they...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Приобретите беговое колесо. Купите поилку или миску для воды. Определитесь, будете ли вы использовать миску для корма, или просто разбрасывать корм по дну клетки. Выберите домик для хомячка. Купите игрушки для хомячка.


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Hamsters are very hardy animals and can recovery quickly from injury. If you see that he has only minor cuts and scrapes, consider letting him tend to them on his own. Many times, hamsters will lick and clean the wounds, which will heal them.  The wounds from minor cuts and scrapes can become infected if your hamster doesn’t tend to them and clean them. An infected wound can turn into an abscess, which is a pocket of infection. Abscesses are serious and must be treated by a veterinarian. They will also require at-home care, such as wound cleaning and antibiotics. Another option is for you to treat the minor injuries. Before getting to the wounds, wrap your hamster in a small, clean towel to restrain him. Hamsters can become very nippy when they are injured, so you should protect yourself from getting bitten.  Wrap him up in such a way that you can still get to his wounds. Other than cuts and scrapes, your hamster may have skin sores as a result of injury. These are open wounds that look inflamed and might be bleeding.  If there is not a lot of blood, you can treat the sores at home. Your hamster may not be able to clean open sores on his own, so you should do this for him. With your syringe, draw up some sterile saline. Gently squirt the saline around the wound and pat the wound dry with a piece or two of the gauze. Do this a few times to make sure the wound is clean and free of debris. Cleaning it yourself can prevent abscess formation, since you will be able to clearly see how well you’ve cleaned it. When the wound is dry, use another syringe to draw up a small amount of Betadine. Dispense this onto the wound and pat it dry with some more gauze. Apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment to the wound with a Q-tip.  Disinfecting the wound will help kill microorganisms that could cause infection. Betadine can stain your skin, so you may want to wear gloves when you use it. No matter the injury, it is important that your hamster rest and recover comfortably in his cage. Place his food and water bowls near his...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Дайте хомяку возможность выздороветь самостоятельно. Ограничьте подвижность хомяка. Обработайте рану. Обработайте рану антисептиком и нанесите мазь. Посадите хомяка обратно в клетку. Определите причину травмы.


First, read the English article below.

Hamsters are very sensitive to the heat and can overheat easily.Keep an eye out for these symptoms of heatstroke:  Panting Bright red tongue Slobbering Depression Weakness Lack of movement Convulsions Walk through your home and try and find where it is the coolest. Try and move your hamster’s cage there.  Place the cage in a lower part of the house. Heat rises, so the coolest part of your house might be in a basement. Another cool place is a bathroom or kitchen. Tile can be cool and provide a comfortable place for your hamster. You do not want to use a fan directly on your hamster as it can add stress to your hamster or make it too cool. Instead, make sure the room where the cage is located is well ventilated and has a good fan. This will help circulate the air and keep the room cool. Do not put your hamster’s cage in direct sunlight. On hot days, make sure the cage is out of reach of the sunlight filtering through the windows. This can easily cause heatstroke in a hamster and other small animals. Avoid other heat sources like fireplaces, stoves, and heaters. Make sure your hamster has ventilation in his cage. Experts prefer wire cages for this reason, as opposed to aquariums. If your hamster is kept in an aquarium, it is especially important for it to be placed in a well ventilated room! An easy way to keep your hamster cool is to provide cool water. Hamsters can become dehydrated quickly, and it is important to always supply a source of fresh, clean water. Hamsters do not have the ability to sweat, so they are in danger of becoming dehydrated more quickly than mammals. It is important to limit playing with your hamster in hot weather to avoid overheating. If you want to handle your hamster, try in the early mornings or at night when the temperature is cooler. Never leave a hamster, or any animal, in a vehicle during warm weather! The inside of a car can reach deadly temperatures. If you are taking your hamster to the vet or traveling with him, take care to keep your hamster safe from dangerous temperatures.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Обращайте внимание на признаки перегрева питомца. Переставьте клетку хомячка в более прохладное место дома. Используйте вентилятор. Избегайте прямого солнечного света. Обеспечьте хорошую вентиляцию в клетке. Обеспечьте хомячка прохладной водой. Ограничьте игры с питомцем. Никогда не бросайте хомячка в раскаленном автомобиле.


First, read the English article below.

Hamsters can get easily injured because their bodies and bones are so small. Fortunately, not all injuries are serious enough to require treatment by a veterinarian. Take a quick look at your hamster to see if his injuries look minor (e.g, small cuts and scrapes) or major (e.g., broken limbs, lots of bleeding).  Minor injuries are typically treatable at home, but major injures require immediate  veterinary care.  If your hamster has major injuries, he will have other symptoms, including labored and raspy breathing, excessive squeals, and aggression when handled. Be mindful that hamsters can be good at hiding just how much pain they’re in. If your hamster’s injuries are major, call your veterinarian immediately to let him or know you will be arriving soon with an emergency case. Be aware that not all small animal veterinarians treat pocket pets (e.g., hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs). If your veterinarian is not able to treat your hamster, ask if he or she can refer you to a veterinarian who can. By calling, your veterinarian can advise you on what first aid you can give your hamster before you get to the veterinarian’s office. If you have determined that your hamster’s injuries are minor, begin preparing to treat him at home. You will need a number of supplies, including clean towels, Q-tips, several 10cc syringes (without the needles), and some sterile 2 x 2 gauze. In addition, you will need a bottle of sterile saline, a disinfectant solution (Betadine) and an antibiotic ointment.  You can find treatment supplies at your local pharmacy. Your veterinarian can advise you on the specific type of antibiotic ointment you should use. Betadine is also known as povidone iodine. Hydrogen peroxide has commonly been used as a disinfectant, but it may not be as beneficial as previously thought. The bubbling seen with hydrogen peroxide can damage cells, so using it may do more harm than good.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Осмотрите пострадавшего хомячка. Позвоните ветеринару или в ветеринарную клинику. Соберите необходимые материалы для оказания помощи.


First, read the English article below.

Hamsters love to run and climb, so the bigger the cage that you can provide for them, the happier they’ll be. A 20 US gal (76 L) aquarium is typically a good size for a hamster cage, since at a minimum all sized hamsters need at least 450 square inches of flat land to run around on. A wheel can't be used as a shortcut for that, make sure it has a secure mesh top so your hamster can’t escape.  If you’re going to have more than 1 hamster, add about 1 sq ft (0.093 m2) per each new member of the cage. Hamsters like a lot of floor space, so a cage with an open floor is better than a modular cage with a lot of tubes. If cages are too pricey, use a clear tote storage bin. Cut an area for ventilation out at the top, then attach wire mesh onto the hole to ensure maximum ventilation. Some wire hamster cages are made with the bars too far apart to keep a dwarf hamster. Even if your hamster can’t get all the way out, it could squeeze its way between the bars enough to get stuck. A cage with smooth sides will prevent that from happening. Also, make sure you never use a cage with a wire floor, as your hamster’s delicate legs and feet could be injured.  Make sure you spot clean the plastic or glass cage daily to remove soiled bedding. The ventilation of the cage isn't very good, so ammonia levels from the hamster's urine can build up quickly. Scoop soiled bedding and replace it with fresh bedding. Wire cages are still very popular for hamsters, and many cages are made with plastic sides with a wire insert at the top. If you do choose a cage with wire bars, make sure they're no more than about 2⁄10 in (0.51 cm) apart. If you choose a cage that’s solid plastic, place a wire climbing frame against one of the walls. Being able to climb is an important part of your hamster’s daily exercise. Your Winter White dwarf hamster will feel safest in a spot where there isn’t a lot of noise, so don’t place it near noisy appliances, the TV, or anywhere with a lot of traffic throughout the day. Also, hamsters are sensitive to heat, so keep...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выберите клетку площадью не менее 0,2 м² и высотой 30 см. В целях усиленной безопасности склонитесь к приобретению пластиковой или стеклянной емкости для содержания хомячка. Поставьте клетку с хомячком в тихой комнате подальше от прямых солнечных лучей. Насыпьте на дно клетки слой подстилки толщиной около 5–7,5 см. Поместите в клетку хомячка миску для корма и поилку. Поставьте в клетку монолитное беговое колесо из пластика. Поставьте в углу клетки туалетный лоток для хомяка. Предоставьте хомячку место для укрытия. Обеспечьте хомячка большим количеством деревянных игрушек, которые ему можно грызть.


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Hand cleaning is great for spot treating scuff marks and dirt, but it’s also an effective way of deep cleaning leather. Although if your item is expensive or made of hard leather, a professional cleaner might be the safest cleaning method. Pour a small amount of castile soap into a bowl of distilled water. Agitate the solution with your hand or a whisk to distribute the soap and create bubbles.  For even better leather protection, use a soap specially formulated for cleaning leather. These kinds of soaps are available at many general retailers, hardware stores, and craft stores. If you don’t have castile soap or a specialty leather cleaner, you can use a mild soap, like dish soap, as a substitute.  Always test your cleaning solution on an out of sight spot on the leather before using it to clean more visible parts. A normal dishcloth will do if you don’t have better options, but a microfiber cloth will work best. Avoid using any kind of abrasive material, like a scrubbing pad, as these may scratch leather, creating cloudiness in its finish. Generally speaking, harsh cleaners should be avoided when cleaning leather. These can cause a negative reaction the deforms the leather’s surface. Follow the grain of the leather with your cloth as you wipe. In areas where there is caked-on dirt or a tough-to-remove spot, rub using a light, circular motion to remove the debris. Avoid completely saturating the leather with water as you clean, which can damage the leather. You may want to allow the leather to dry a bit if it becomes too wet while cleaning. You should be especially careful to remove all soap when you're done, as it can dry the leather out and cause it to crack. Take a fresh lint-free rag and dampen it with clean water. Wipe all cleaned leather surfaces thoroughly. Arrange the item as it would rest normally on a hanger or suitable surface (like a chair or drying rack) until it air dries completely. Avoid exposing leather items to direct sunlight, as this can dry out the fabric and cause it to crack. This last...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Используйте ручную чистку для базового ухода за вещью и ее тщательного очищения. Приготовьте водный раствор кастильского (оливкового) мыла. Смочите раствором мягкую салфетку, не оставляющую ворсинок. Протрите кожу от загрязнений салфеткой. Сотрите мыльную пленку и остатки загрязнений чистой салфеткой. Просушите кожаную вещь естественным путем. Обработайте вещь кондиционером для кожи.


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Hand cramps are often caused by overuse. Give your hand time to heal by avoiding activities that require a lot of hand movements or that require you to grip something. For sudden cramps, this may only be a few minutes. If you have more severe cramps, you should go a day or 2 with minimal use of your hand.  You may also need to rest your forearm. If your symptoms don’t improve, you should see a healthcare provider. If overuse is causing your hand cramps, you’re likely doing a repetitive activity. Stopping this activity, even for a short period of time, can help relieve the cramps. Activities that may cause hand cramps include the following:  Writing Typing Playing an instrument Gardening Tennis Gripping an object, such as a tool or smartphone Bending your wrist too far Stretching out your fingers Elevating your elbow for a long period of time Hold your hand flat with your fingers touching. Use your other hand to gently press your hand back by pressing against the palms of your finger.  Alternatively, place your hand against a flat surface. Press down gently, spreading your fingers flat against the surface. Hold for 30-60 seconds, then release.  You can also stretch your hand by balling your hand into a fist. After 30-60 seconds, open your hand and stretch out your fingers. Gently rub your hand using small, circular motions. Pay special attention to areas that are tight or especially sore. You may want to apply massage oil to your hand. Both heat and cold can help relieve your pain. Heat is better for soothing the cramp and loosening up any tightness in the muscles, while cold will relieve swelling. Place a piece of fabric between your skin and the compress for protection. This is more likely to be the cause if you’ve been exercising, work in the heat, or are taking a medication that acts as a diuretic. Make sure that you are drinking whenever you feel thirsty, to not get dehydrated. Since an electrolyte imbalance may cause hand cramps, you may want to drink a sports drink instead. Hand cramps occur when you...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Отдохните. Прекратите заниматься тем, из-за чего вашу руку свела судорога. Разомните руку. Помассируйте руку. Приложите к руке холодный или теплый компресс. Если у вас обезвоживание, пейте больше воды. Принимайте пищевые добавки, если у вас нехватка питательных веществ.


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Hand grenades come in a huge variety of forms. Some are made for inflicting casualties on the enemy, others for merely stunning or subduing them non-lethally, and still others for inflicting damage on non-human targets. It's extremely important to be aware of the type of grenade you're throwing (and how it's used) before you throw it — if you use the wrong grenade, the results can be disastrous. Below are a few of the most common grenade types:  Fragmentation grenades: Produces many small pieces of shrapnel upon detonation. Usually considered lethal to non-armored targets at close ranges with rapidly decreasing effectiveness at longer ranges. Shrapnel can penetrate soft barriers like wood, plaster, and tin, but not usually cinder blocks, sandbags, and armor. Concussion grenades: Creates an explosion with extreme concussive force. This concussive effect is amplified in enclosed environments, making it useful in urban areas and bunkers, fortified enclosures, and so on. Can also be used  for improvised demolition. Incendiary grenades: Produces extremely high-temperature flames. Can set fire to flammable structures, destroy equipment and weapons, and even penetrate armored vehicles in certain situations. Smoke grenades: Produces either white or colored smoke. Usually used to conceal infantry or light vehicle movement or to make positions visible to friendly forces. Stun grenades: Sometimes called "flashbangs", these produce a deafening bang and a bright flash, momentarily disorienting targets in the room. Riot control grenades: Usually loaded with teargas, rubber pellets, or other nonlethal deterrents, these grenades are meant to disperse and subdue crowds without causing mortal injuries. Grenades can easily cause friendly fire casualties if they detonate too close to you or friendly forces, so it's extremely important to know what ranges are considered "safe" and which are not. Even if you're well outside of your grenade's lethal range, you'll want to take cover before it detonates. Though rare, it's possible...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выберете правильную гранату для вашей работы. Изучите радиус действия вашей гранаты. Проявите особое внимание и осторожность, «подготавливая» вашу гранату. Избегайте бросать гранаты на лестницы или холмы. Изучите эффективность вашего укрытия.


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Hand hygiene is important for protecting yourself from germs and bacteria that collect on your hands throughout the day. Hold your hands under warm, running water and lather hand soap between them for 20 seconds to get them clean. Then, rinse your hands thoroughly and pat them dry with a clean, dry towel. This will help you to stay clean and fresh. Wash your body thoroughly with soap or a body wash. Pay more attention to your armpits, vagina, and under your breasts. Allow the water to run over these areas a little longer than others to ensure that they are clean. Then, dry yourself off with a clean, dry towel.  You can also shave your legs and underarms while you’re in the shower or bath if you want to remove excess body hair. However, this is totally optional! If you don’t want to shave, then don’t worry about it. Apply lotion to your body after you shower if your skin seems dry. How often you need to shampoo your hair will depend on whether or not it is oily. If your scalp produces a lot of oil, then you may need to wash it every day. However, if you have a normal or dry scalp, then you can wash your hair once every other day or possibly even every 3 days. Focus on washing your scalp when you shampoo your hair and then apply conditioner to the ends of your hair to moisturize it.  If you have dandruff, use a dandruff-fighting shampoo. Avoid heat styling tools. If you do use them, apply a heat protector product to your hair first. at least 2 times daily. Wash your face after you wake up in the morning and before going to bed at night. Use a gentle skin cleanser and warm water to wash your face. You can use your fingertips to apply the skin cleanser or use a soft washcloth. Work the cleanser into wet skin and then splash your face with water 3 or more times to rinse away the soap. Pat your skin dry and apply moisturizer to your face and neck. If you have acne, choose an acne-fighting skin cleanser to wash your face. Then follow it up with a non-comedogenic moisturizer, which won’t clog your pores and is less...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Мойте руки после туалета и перед едой. Принимайте душ или ванну каждый день. Мойте голову шампунем с кондиционером через день или чаще, если потребуется. Умывайтесь Чистите зубы 2-3 раза в день. Меняйте тампон, прокладку или опорожняйте менструальную чашу каждые 4 часа во время месячных. Подрезайте, очищайте и подпиливайте ногти каждую неделю. Носите чистую одежду, которая хорошо сидит на вас и в которой вы чувствуете себя уверенно.


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Hand planes come in several different varieties. The main defining characteristic of each type of hand plane is size. The longer the body of a plane, the more accurately it will straighten wood, as the length of the body allows the plane to bridge peaks and troughs in the wood's surface. Shorter planes, however, are often easier to control for precise detail work. Below are a few of the most common types of hand plane you'll encounter, listed from longest to shortest:  A jointer plane typically has a body length of 22 inches (56 cm) or longer. These long hand planes are useful for trimming or straightening long pieces of wood, like boards or doors. A jack plane is slightly shorter than a jointer plane, with a length from 12 to 17 inches (30 to 43 cm). It is more versatile than the jointer plane because of its shorter length and thus can be used to square both long boards and shorter pieces of rough lumber. A smoothing plane is about 10 inches (25 cm) long and is the most versatile of all hand planes. It can be used for general smoothing and straightening of all projects. A block plane is the smallest type of plane. This type of plane is too short to effectively straighten long boards, but is ideal for shaving very thin pieces from a surface or working in a tight corner. The blade (also called the iron) of the plane needs to be razor sharp before use - even new planes should be sharpened. To sharpen the blade, first place a piece of 220-grit wet/dry sandpaper on a flat surface. Hold the blade at a 25 or 30 degree angle so that the bevel is flat against the sandpaper. Maintaining this angle, rub the blade around the sandpaper in a circle while applying downward pressure. When a burr (an accumulation of metal shavings) forms along its back, the blade is ready to use. Remove the burr by wiping the back of the blade flat across the sandpaper. When it comes to planing wood, the angle of the blade dictates how "thick" the shavings you'll take from the surface of the wood will be. If the blade angle is too deep, you...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выберите подходящий для работы рубанок. Заострите лезвие рубанка. Настройте угол лезвия. Строгайте деревянную поверхность. Избегайте разрывов древесины, строгайте вдоль волокна дерева. Следите за точностью работы.


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Hand taming is a common way of taming birds. However, due to his skittish nature, your bird may be very wary of your hand. Moreover, birds who come from pet stores may associate hands with grabbing and chasing, making them even more wary of human handling.  Place your hand where he can easily see it. To reduce his anxiety, talk to him in a soothing voice while you hold your hand still. Hold your hand near his cage for 10 to 15 minutes (or as long as you can hold your hand up), two to three times a day, for four to seven days. You may want to place your hand gently on the outside of his cage. Getting your bird to be comfortable with your hand will take time and patience. When your bird no longer seems flustered by your hand’s presence outside of his cage, acclimate him to your hand when it is inside of his cage. It is very important that you place your hand in his cage  slowly  and without sudden movements. You should also avoid making eye contact with your bird when you put your hand inside his cage—direct eye contact may appear threatening to him.  At this stage, do not attempt to touch your bird when you have your hand in his cage. Practically speaking, you will need to place your hand inside your bird’s cage each morning when you change his food and water. By making a routine out of slowly reaching into his cage each morning, your bird should become increasingly more comfortable with your hand.  It may take your bird anywhere from a few days to a few weeks to feel comfortable with your hand inside his cage.  Continue talking to your bird in a soothing tone when your hand is inside his cage. If your bird is still not comfortable with your hand inside his cage, you may need to move things along by holding a treat in your hand. Millet spray is a very popular treat for birds. Dark and leafy greens, such as spinach, are another good treat to use.  Whichever treat you use, make sure that it is one your bird is already familiar with and enjoys eating.  Hold the treat in your hand and hold your hand still....

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Расположите свою руку неподалеку от клетки. Просуньте руку внутрь клетки. Приманите птицу лакомством.


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Hand-basting is a technique of using long, loose stitches to hold fabric together and make sewing easier. Since silk is so slippery, it can be helpful to hand-baste the pieces with a stitch that looks like a dotted line. Read “How to Baste Fabric” for more information. If your silk fabric is slipping too much while sewing, try layering a piece of tissue paper underneath your sewing area. The needle will sew through both layers, sewing them together. When you’re done sewing the piece, you can just tear away the tissue paper. You can also use a spray-on fabric stabilizer, which will stiffen the fabric somewhat and make it easier to manage while you cut it. This is available at fabric stores and online. Check how your sewing machine settings will respond to the silk by test sewing on a scrap piece of silk. Make adjustments to the tension and gauge of your thread before you move on to sewing your project. Aim for 8-12 stitches per inch, although this might vary depending on your project. As you set the fabric in place at your sewing machine, pull the top thread and bobbin thread back away from you. This will ensure that it won’t get accidentally wrapped up in the machine foot, which could cause holes or pulls in the fabric as you sew it. Rotate the hand wheel to bring the needle down into the fabric. This will ensure that the sewing machine will start very slowly and the fabric won’t pucker or catch on the foot. Gently flatten the fabric so that it feeds straight into the machine. Don’t pull it taut, however, as this can cause puckers in the final sewing project. Start out your stitching with a few stitches and then secure them by backstitching along them. This will ensure that the stitches won’t come out. Do so very carefully, so that you don’t accidentally allow the silk fabric to creep or bunch up at the beginning. Silk has a tendency to bunch and gather, so go slowly when you’re sewing this fabric. Try a steady pace to ensure that the stitches are even and consistent. Slow down or pause to make sure the...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Сшейте части ткани вместе на живую нитку. Подложите тонкую оберточную бумагу под шелк. Распылите стабилизатор для ткани. Испробуйте шитье на бракованной заготовке. Оттяните назад верхнюю и шпульную нитки. Вручную опустите иголку на ткань. Держите ткань ровно. Сделайте несколько стежков, затем – строчку. Шейте медленно и равномерно. Время от времени проверяйте, как продвигается дело. Будьте осторожны, если решите отпороть припуски. Обработайте припуски.


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Hand-reared kittens missed the roughhousing associated with litter life and did not necessarily learn how to moderate their play attacks. These cats often grow into adults who seem to lash out viciously for no reason. Hand-reared cats that are aggressive usually give subtle signs for humans to back off. Learning these cues can prevent biting and scratching. A cat that is stressed and has no escape route is likely to lash out. Stress can come from being cornered by a noisy toddler, change in environment, or new people, so obviously it is important to be aware of your cat's emotional needs and reactions. Avoid labeling the cat as aggressive; it may simply be responding to stress. The best response is to restore calm and a settled atmosphere. Turn down noisy TVs, ask children to be quieter around the cat, and if anyone is upset, ask them to cry or shout out of the cat's hearing. If you encourage the cat to attack moving hands, feet, or fingers when playing, don't be surprised if the cat later attacks a foot, even though the game is over. The cat may assume it's still play time. A cat that is in pain or is ill can become defensive making it more likely to attack. Cats showing signs of sickness (losing weight, thirstier, vomiting) or pain (short-tempered, yowling, scratching, biting) should be checked out by a vet. It could be their bad behavior will improve once the underlying health issue is corrected. An older frailer cat that may resent being picked up or cuddled and might bite or scratch to get some peace. Ask family members to be mindful of the cat's age and need for gentler handling. Giving the cat plenty of space should help any behavior issues.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Узнайте, не была ли ваша кошка выкормленным вручную котенком. Подумайте, не находится ли кошка под влиянием стресса или тревоги. Подумайте о том, что, возможно, кошка просто чрезмерно разыгралась. Проверьте, не заболела ли кошка, и не испытывает ли она боли.


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Hand-wash the fabric if possible so that you have more control. Fabric glue is synthetic, so it shouldn't run off when you wash it, although the hairspray method is unlikely to last. In general, hand-washing will be gentler on the glue, the glitter, and the fabric. Wash carefully and do not knead the fabric too heavily. Avoid washing in the washing machine. Use cool or lukewarm water. Hot water can loosen the glue. Hang it up on a clothesline or lay it out on a flat surface. A tumble-dry washing machine might tumble the glitter away, as the garment rubs up against other clothing. Furthermore, the intense heat of many quick-drying techniques (tumble-dryers, blow-dryers) may loosen the fabric glue and lead glitter to flake. Try to avoid creating friction that might rub the glitter off; try not to rub too hard and scratch on the glitter. Try not to wear it too often; keep it for special occasions, like a costume. The more often you wear your glittery garment, the more often you will need to wash it – and the more likely you will be to brush up against something! Consider buying a little jar of glitter to repair the outfit as needed. You may also need extra fabric glue.  Find these things at any arts-and-crafts store.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Стирайте осторожно. Сушите одежду на воздухе. Носите одежду аккуратно.


First, read the English article below.

HandBrake is a free program for Windows and Mac computers that can be used to rip an MP4 file from a DVD:  Go to https://handbrake.fr/ in your computer's web browser. Click Download HandBrake. Double-click the downloaded setup file. Follow the on-screen instructions. The DVD should go logo-side-up.  You can ensure that your computer has a DVD drive (not just a CD drive) by looking for the "DVD" logo on the drive tray. If you don't have a DVD drive, you may not be able to rip your DVD. If your computer doesn't have a DVD drive, you'll need to buy an external one and plug it into one of your computer's USB ports. Its app icon resembles a pineapple next to a fruity drink. It's a disc-shaped icon with your DVD's name in the upper-left side of HandBrake. If you don't see the DVD icon, close and then re-open HandBrake. HandBrake will typically default to an MP4 conversion, but you should double-check the following aspects before continuing:   File format — Make sure the "Container" box has "MP4" in it. If it doesn't, click the box, then click MP4.  File resolution — Click Presets, then click a quality (e.g., 1080p) on the right side of the window. It's to the right of the "Save As" text box. A pop-up window will appear. Select a save location, enter a file name in the "File name" (Windows) or "Name" (Mac) text box, and click Save. It's a green button at the top of the HandBrake window. Clicking it will prompt HandBrake to begin converting your DVD into an MP4 file. Once the MP4 has successfully been ripped, you can proceed.  On Mac, you'll just click Start here. DVDs can take anywhere from half an hour to several hours to rip into an MP4 file, so make sure your computer is charged and/or plugged in and well-ventilated. Open VLC by clicking (or double-clicking) its app icon, then do the following:  Click Media (Windows) or File (Mac). Click Convert / Save in the drop-down menu. Click the File tab. Click Add, then select your MP4 and click Open. It's at the bottom of the window. Click the "Profile" drop-down box,...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Скачайте и установите HandBrake. Вставьте DVD-диск в дисковод компьютера. Запустите HandBrake. Выберите свой DVD-диск. Измените настройки конвертации (если нужно). Щелкните по Обзор. Укажите папку и введите имя файла. Нажмите Начать кодирование. Откройте MP4-файл в VLC. Нажмите Конвертировать/Сохранить . Измените формат конечного файла. Выберите папку и введите имя файла. Щелкните по Начать. Принудительно закройте VLC (если придется).


First, read the English article below.

Handbrake is a free program that will allow you to re-encode your video files so that they are lower resolution and smaller file sizes.  You'll see this at the bottom of your browser after it downloads. You can also find it in your Downloads folder.     You can find this in the upper-left corner of the Handbrake window.       This will lower the resolution of your video, which can drastically lower the file size. For example, changing the value from 1920 to 1280 will change the video from 1080p to 720p, resulting in a much smaller file. Resolution changes are more noticeable on larger screens. Other values you could enter to change the size and maintain the aspect ratio are 1024, 1152, 1366, 1600, and 1920. Note that these are common resolutions for widescreen videos. If your videos are a different aspect ratio, such as a vertical cellphone video, you'll want to use different values.  Increasing the value will lower the quality, which will result in a smaller file size. 20 is considered DVD quality. If you're going to be playing the video on a small screen, you can probably go as high as 30. For larger screens, stick to 22-25. The slower you set this slider, the smaller your final file size will be. Set this to as slow as you can handle. You'll see this at the top of the window.     The encoding process will begin. The time this takes will vary greatly depending on the size of the video, your encoding settings, and your computer's processing power. You'll find the new video file in the location you set for it earlier. Play it to test the quality and ensure that the encoding went smoothly. You should notice a large change in the file size.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

В браузере откройте сайт handbrake.fr/. Нажмите Download Handbrake (Скачать Handbrake). Скачав установочный файл, откройте его. В открывшемся окне нажмите Да. Нажмите Далее, чтобы установить программу. В последнем окне нажмите Готово. Дважды щелкните по значку Handbrake (на рабочем столе). Нажмите Источник. Нажмите Файл. Найдите и выделите нужный видеофайл. Нажмите Открыть. В разделе «Назначение» нажмите Обзор. Укажите папку, в которую отправится конечный файл. На вкладке Картинка найдите раздел «Разрешение». В строке «Горизонтальный размер» введите меньшее значение разрешения. Перейдите на вкладку Видео. Передвиньте ползунок Сохранить качество влево. Передвиньте ползунок Библиотека x264  вправо. Нажмите Предварительный просмотр. Отметьте опцию Использовать системный плеер . Нажмите Воспроизвести. Предварительно просмотрите видео (после того, как оно было сжато), чтобы определить его качество. Внесите изменения в настройки. Нажмите Запустить. Откройте сжатый видеофайл.


First, read the English article below.

Handbrake is a free, open-source video encoding program that will allow you to rip your DVD discs onto your computer and then convert them into an iPad compatible format (with a few tweaks). It is available for Windows, Mac, and Linux. You can download it from handbrake.fr. Most DVDs are encrypted to prevent copying. The libdvdcss file will enable Handbrake to bypass this restriction when copying the DVD to your computer. You can download it from download.videolan.org/pub/libdvdcss/1.2.12/. Make sure to select the correct version for your operating system. Once you've downloaded the libdvdcss file, you will need to place it in the Handbrake folder.  Windows - Copy the libdvdcss-2 file to C:\Program Files\Handbrake, or to the location that you chose to install Handbrake to. Mac OS X - Run the libdvdcss.pkg file to automatically install the file into the correct location. You can only legally rip movies that you own, and even that is a gray area, but you shouldn't get in trouble as long as you don't distribute the files. Don't worry about all of the complicated options, you will be using presets to quickly convert to the proper format. Handbrake will begin scanning the DVD that's inserted in your computer. If your DVD contains both the wide-screen and the full-screen version of the movie, you can select the appropriate one from the "Title" drop-down menu. The "Size" section of the Picture tab will help you determine which is which. Click the Browse button next to the "Destination" field to select where you want to save the movie file. This will automatically convert the ripped movie into an iPad-compatible format. If you don't see the list of presets, click the "Toggle Presets" button. This will likely take a while, as the movie needs to be copied to your computer and then converted into a format that the iPad can read. You can monitor the progress at the bottom of the Handbrake window. Once the file has finished converting, you can add it to your iTunes library so that you can sync it with your iPad. Click the...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Скачайте и установите Handbrake. Скачайте файл libdvdcss, чтобы обойти шифрование DVD. Скопируйте скачанный файл libdvdcss в папку Handbrake. Вставьте DVD-диск с фильмом в привод вашего компьютера. Запустите программу Handbrake. Нажмите «Источник» и выберите «Видео DVD». Выделите нужный заголовок. Задайте местоположение преобразованного файла. В списке «Предварительные настройки» выберите «iPad». Нажмите «Запустить», чтобы начать копирование и конвертирование фильма с DVD-диска. Добавьте фильм в медиатеку iTunes. Откройте раздел «Фильмы» медиатеки iTunes и перейдите на вкладку «Домашнее видео». Синхронизируйте фильм с вашим iPad.


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Handle rare or unidentified silver coins as little as possible. Hold them by the edge only, not the face, and ideally wear lint-free cotton gloves. Even if the coin looks dirty or damaged to you, a collector may pay more if you leave it in its natural state and avoid further damage. Store rare coins in Mylar plastic coin flips, or ask a coin dealer for alternatives. PVC coin flips can damage your coins. Add a few drops of mild soap (not detergent) to a glass of warm distilled water. Put the coins in gently and leave them to soak, turning them over every few hours. This is the only guaranteed safe way to clean silver-plated coins (though pure silver is a little hardier).  Tap water contains chlorine that can lead to discoloration. Tarnish (a thin layer of grey, black, or iridescence also called "toning") is not the same as dirt. If the coin is rare, toning may even be a desirable feature that raises the coin's value. The next day, if the coins are still grimy, replace the water with fresh distilled water and soap. Repeat daily until the coins are clean (but still have their toning). Pat the coins dry with a paper towel, or leave them on an absorbent cloth to air dry. Rubbing the coins is very risky, since it can scratch through the toning. Careful brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush is usually safe, but work slowly and gently with valuable coins. The goal is to dislodge loose dirt, not to brush the coin's surface directly. If the coins are still dirty, soak them in distilled water again. Transfer the wet coins to a plastic container in the freezer. The water will expand as it freezes, hopefully breaking off some of the dirt from underneath. Gently pat or brush off dirt once frozen. In most cases, you will need to repeat the soaking and freezing several times. If the coins are covered in mud or dirt and do not respond to the methods above, soak them in mineral oil or olive oil. Mineral oil should never harm your coin, but must be washed off with acetone afterward. Olive oil will also work, but there is a...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Осторожно обращайтесь с редкими монетами. Вымочите монеты в теплой дистиллированной воде с мылом. Ежедневно меняйте воду. Осторожно высушите монеты. Намочите и заморозьте монеты. Удалите большие скопления грязи путем продолжительного вымачивания в масле. Проверяйте масло с монетами раз в две недели. Используйте ультразвуковую чистящую машину.


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Handle the break-up maturely and with grace. If he broke up with you, respect his decision and give him some time to see things more clearly. He will appreciate your understanding and respect you all the more for handling yourself with dignity.  The last thing you want to do is make a scene. Crying or getting angry with him won't get you anywhere, in fact, he'll be more likely to run in the other direction. By accepting the break-up calmly, you are leveling the playing field. He was probably expecting a different reaction from you, but now he .will be curious as to why you're not more upset. This may plant the first seed of doubt in his mind. After a break-up, emotions run high and people don't always make rational decisions. For this reason, it is advisable to cut all communication with your ex for a while.  Don't harass your ex with phone calls, texts or Facebook messages. This will have the opposite of the desired effect. Wait until he contacts you first. It will be tough, but try not to contact your ex for at least 2-3 weeks. Give him time to miss you. Break-ups can be rough. Harsh words are exchanged and feelings get hurt. You need to give both yourself and your ex time to cool down, reflect and heal. Only then should you consider resuming the relationship.  Getting back together while the wounds are still fresh will cause the same old issues to resurface and your efforts to revive the relationship are sure to fail. Wait until enough time has passed that you can think about the break-up objectively and can speak to your ex without getting upset or angry. Take this time apart to honestly assess your relationship, think about what went wrong and what went right. Try to pinpoint the exact problems that led to the end of the relationship and figure out whether they can be fixed.  If you believe that the problems in your relationship are fixable, and both you and he are willing to put in the effort to make that happen, then your relationship stands a chance. If, on the other hand, the circumstances which led...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Примите разрыв. Сократите общение. Дайте время друг другу залечить раны. Честно проанализируйте ваши отношения. Извинитесь, если это необходимо.


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Handwritten notes are a more personal form of correspondence than email. There may be some situations when you may want to send the teacher a handwritten note. These include:  A thank you note A brief introduction An excuse to leave class or for illness. You want to make sure the teacher can easily read your note. Make sure your handwriting is heat while you are composing your note.  Write slowly if you have bad handwriting. This may help you more clearly form your letters. Avoid using pencils or pens that smudge easily. A ballpoint pen is likely your best option. Consider writing a preliminary draft on your composing and transferring the text by hand for your note. This may help you think in more detail about what you’d like to write. Print out your note from the computer and sign it by hand if you prefer. If you prefer to write by hand to the teacher, you can follow the same process as for an email. However, if the situation is something less serious, such as a thank you note, you may not need to compose multiple drafts.  Use personal stationary if you have it. If not, use a clean and unwrinkled piece of plain paper. Write the date at the top of the paper. Put your greeting under the date. For example, “Dear Mrs. Maier” followed by a comma. Use the same elements as you did in the email. Remember to keep the note as brief and concise as possible. For example, “Dear Mrs. Maier, My name is Teresa Lutz and I am Sophia’s mother. I would really like to thank you for helping her in math class. She’s been experiencing some difficulty with math and I truly appreciate that you took the time to meet with her after school to explain the problems in greater detail. If I can help you in any way, please let me know. Sincerely, Teresa Lutz.” Sign the note with your signature and include a printed version of your name below it if need be. Before you send your note, proofread it. This can ensure there are no mistakes, that you haven’t forgotten anything, or that there aren’t smudges or illegible parts. Rewrite the letter if...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Определите необходимость. Пишите аккуратным почерком. Напишите письмо или записку. Перечитайте записку. Отправьте или передайте письмо.


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Hang on to any boxes, envelopes, and other packing materials from products you buy or receive in the mail. You can repurpose these when you need a container to put gifts in before wrapping them, when mailing envelopes or boxes, and when you need packing materials, such as styrofoam peanuts, for a shipment. Boxes can take up a lot of space. Save 1 box to store all of your packaging materials in, but fold the other boxes up so that they take up less space. Shopping at thrift or consignment stores is an excellent way to pass up energy- and materials-wasting new products. To support these stores’ operations, get in the habit of regularly clearing out your closet, garage, and basement to find items you’re willing to donate.  You can also hand clothing down to your siblings. If you and your wears wear a similar size, consider trading outfits with them. When donating clothes, make sure that everything is in good condition. Don't donate old, worn, dirty, or torn clothing. Favor food products packaged in reusable jars, bottles, and recyclable plastic bins. These can be useful for storing leftovers. And by using nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) rechargeable batteries, you’ll avoid contributing to the toxic waste source of disposable batteries.  Instead of buying bottled water, fill up a reusable plastic bottle or glass jar from the faucet. If you buy bottled water for health reasons, get the largest size available to cut down on packaging waste. Use washable fabric handkerchiefs and dinner napkins instead of disposable tissues. It takes a considerable amount of energy and raw materials to manufacture a new car. Buying a compact, fuel-efficient used car keeps you from contributing to this waste and the pollution it produces. These vehicles also will consume less fuel, while taking up less space on the roads and in parking lots.  Look for cars from the 1990s or early 2000s that typically get 30-40 miles per gallon, such as the Geo Metro, Ford Festiva or Aspire, Honda CRX HF, Toyota Tercel or Corolla, Mazda Protege, or Dodge...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Экономьте на упаковке. Покупайте и отдавайте ношеную одежду. Покупайте продукты в упаковке, которую можно использовать повторно. Отдавайте предпочтение подержанным автомобилям. Не выбрасывайте пластиковые и бумажные пакеты. Превратите ненужные вещи в материалы для творчества.


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Hang out on the weekends or plan activities together every now and then, do some homework together, and chat during the break at school. You don't have to live in each others' pockets, but make sure you spend some quality time together with your best friend to make the friendship grow and become stronger.  Know that you'll probably have to sacrifice some of your time and maybe effort to be your best friend. It should feel like something you want to be doing, even when it's hard. Invite other people to hang out with you. Being best friends doesn't mean you have to isolate yourselves from other people. Sometimes, it's nice to be alone; you don't need anybody else to have fun together. Other times, your enjoyment is increased by including other people into the fold. There is nothing like laughing and smiling to bring people together. Besides, when they're really friends, you guys can laugh at the dumbest, smallest, weirdest stuff and it doesn't really matter. Take time out of your day to appreciate the funny things in life. Nobody likes a best friend who just talks and talks but never listens. If you're a chatterbox, try to develop good listening skills. Whenever your best friend says something, listen carefully and say something. Don't just say "yeah" and move on. Don't interrupt or fidget continually while they're talking to you. If they ask for advice, listen carefully and give them the best advice you can. It'll earn you respect and of course, make them come to you more.   Be an active listener. Being an active listener means reading in between the lines. Sometimes it means knowing what the other person feels or is thinking before they do. If you're an active listener, you might know who your friend likes before they do. Know when not to talk. There's an old saying out there: The dumb person talks; the wise person listens. While that's definitely an overstatement, it has some truth in it. Begin to feel comfortable just being with your bestie, not constantly having to talk to fill the silence.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Проводите время со своим другом. Смейтесь. Научитесь слушать.


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Hang the bell by the door you use each time you take the dog out. It should hang low enough for your puppy to reach with his paw or nose. Use the bell only with a single door at first. You can move the bell or add more bells at other doors once the puppy understands how the bell system works.  Very small breed dogs and very young puppies may not be able to hold it long enough to reach the door that leads outside. In that case, hang the bell wherever the dog spends the most time — the living room, for example. You can move the bell to the outside door when the puppy can hold it a little longer. It helps to keep the dog’s living area small during the stage until potty training is well established. You might use a puppy gate and attach a bell to it. If your puppy seems scared by the bell sound, you need to make him comfortable with the sound before using the bell as part of potty training. Hold out treats near the bell, and ring it when the dog comes to retrieve the treats. You might smear a little cheese or some other treat on the bell, and, when the dog touches the bell, reward him with an additional treat. Repeat this process until the dog knows to associate the bell with reward. When you are going outside on scheduled bathroom break, set him down next to the bell. Always open the door immediately after any hint of the bell ringing, and give lots of praise. There are a few different ways to train your puppy to ring the bell:  Without ringing the bell yourself, tap your fingers on the wall or door next to it, and say "Outside." Your puppy should learn to jump up to your fingers, ringing the bell in the process. Hold a treat just behind the bell, and say "Outside." The puppy’s nose will ring the bell when he goes for the treat. Physically take your puppy’s paw, hit the bell with it, and say "Outside." Skip the bell training if you’re rushing out for a bathroom emergency. Only use the bell with scheduled bathroom breaks. Your puppy is very smart, and has a great sense of cause and effect. Anything he observes...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Начните использовать в дрессировке колокольчик. Приучите собаку ассоциировать колокольчик с приятными вещами. Научите собаку звонить в колокольчик самостоятельно. Будьте последовательны. Используйте колокольчик чаще, если собака поняла, как он работает.


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Hang the sausage from the twists in the links in a cool, dry storage area for about an hour. If the air is cold, you can hang them for several hours. This adds gives the kielbasa its classic smoky flavor. Light up your smoker according to the manufacturer's instructions. Place the links in the smoker for about 4 hours or longer if you prefer a smokier flavor.  The links should come to an internal temperature of 155 degrees.  The wood you use to smoke the sausages will affect their flavor. Cherry wood and applewood are good choices.  The longer you smoke the sausages, the smokier they will taste. Don't leave them in the smoker for longer than 8 hours or the flavor will be affected. When the sausages are ready, remove them from the smoker and plunge them into icy water for a few minutes to cool them down. Hang them up to dry for a few hours, then eat them, or store them for later use.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Подвесьте колбасу. Подкоптите колбасу. Резко охладите колбасу.


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Hang up all of the clean clothes on hangers and then arrange them in the wardrobe. Alternatively, fold all of the clothes neatly and place them into a dresser. Make sure to organize them into groups like T-shirts, shorts, and sweaters so that you can find everything easily. Keep all of your shoes lined up on the wardrobe floor or on a rack. If there are clothes that you don’t wear often and there isn’t much space, you can store these in storage containers that fit under the bed. Keep books that you read often within easy reach and store away books that you don’t use as frequently. You could organize the books on a shelf by author, height, or color. You can also use containers or baskets to organize similar books and keep the containers on a shelf. For kids that have favorite books, keep these together in a basket on the floor so that they can reach them easily. Sort the pile of toys into smaller categories such as dolls and action figures, blocks, stuffed animals, and craft supplies. Store each category together so that all similar items can be easily found. For example, stuffed animals could go in a large basket on the floor and blocks could go in a large, plastic container that fits under the bed.  Dolls and action figures could go into storage baskets that sit on a shelf and craft supplies might belong in a box in the wardrobe. If each toy has a designated place to go, this helps kids to learn where to put things away. Work through all of the items in the large box or container and place them back where they belong. If you come across an item you don’t need or want, donate, recycle, or throw it away to clear up a bit of free space. Make sure to put the items back exactly where they go rather than just piling them in a different room, as this creates a bigger mess for you to deal with in the future.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Уберите чистую одежду и обувь в шкаф или комод. Поставьте все книги на книжные полки или уберите в контейнеры для хранения. Храните все игрушки в легкодоступных контейнерах и коробках. Верните на свои места те вещи, которые не должны находиться в комнате.


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Hanging out can mean different things to different people. Some people like to just sit around casually, watch TV, play games, or just talk. For others, hanging out can mean doing interesting activities outside the home. Figure out what your friends or prospective friends consider hanging out to be and then tailor your interests to that crowd. At least, be aware of all areas of popular culture. Once you have a solid base, you’ll be able to keep up with and contribute to a variety of conversations. Be wary of criticizing popular culture too much. Read the room. You don’t want to be the only one that consistently bashes popular culture topics. Have an opinion, but just make sure that you don’t offend or turn anyone off. If you have appealing interests or skills, then others will flock to you if they have similar interests. Figure out what interests you naturally, then accentuate those aspects of your personality. Try not to limit your options. What one person considers cool, another person will consider weird.  Don’t be afraid to learn to do something physical. Learn to juggle, do gymnastics, play a sport, or dance. You can invite people to do these things with you after you’ve developed the skill. They’ll admire you for it. And you’ll have something to talk about. Learn something new that excites you. You’ve found wikiHow so this should be easy to do. Learn a language, how to make Italian food from scratch, what it takes to do improv comedy, how to write fiction, or how to identify birds based on their songs. It doesn’t matter as long as it excites you. People like learning new things and if you know a lot about something, you can share your excitement for the subject with them. Just like with skills or knowledge, some people like to get out and try new things. Search for new opportunities in a new part of your town you haven’t seen before and invite your friends to join you, seeing it all as a new adventure. There are a number of great online sources, like TripAdvisor or Eventbrite, that can educate you on...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Научитесь «развлекаться». Приобщитесь к популярной культуре. Заведите множество интересов. Отправьтесь в новую для вас часть города или района.


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Hard water deposits gradually build up in your coffee maker. Yeast, mold and bacteria also tend to accumulate in coffee makers. Once per month, you will need to decalcify minerals and remove grime with water and vinegar. Let the machine cool off for a few minutes. Then, get your cleaning supplies together, such as your sponge, vinegar and dish soap. To get the hard water out of your coffee maker, you will need to mix a solution of equal parts vinegar and water. If your carafe has measuring indicators, you can use it to mix the solution. Then, pour the solution into the reservoir. You could also use a measuring cup to mix the vinegar and water solution.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Проводите глубокую очистку раз в месяц. Отключите кофемашину от электросети. Приготовьте раствор из равных частей уксуса и воды.


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Hard water stains are both common and unsightly. Fortunately, you can remove them using items you may already have at home. One choice is lemon Kool-aid. Simply sprinkle 1 package of lemon Kool-aid around the toilet bowl, wait 1 hour, and use a toilet brush to scrub away stains. Lemon Kool-aid is available at most grocery stores for as little as $0.25. Pumice stones are excellent at scrubbing away hard water stains. Use a pumice stone you already have at home, or purchase a "pumie" (a pumice stone on a stick designed for this purpose). Soak your pumice stone in water for 10-15 minutes, then use it to scrub away stains. Dryer sheets are another great product for scouring away hard water stains. In fact, used dryer sheets seem to work even better than brand new ones! Wear a pair of rubber gloves, then use an ordinary dryer sheet (used or unused) to scrub away stains.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Используйте лимонную кислоту. Используйте пемзу. Используйте салфетки с антистатиком.


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Hard work is easier when you have people cheering you on. Whether family, friends, or close mentors, cultivate relationships with people whom you trust, who have your best interest in mind, and who will have your back through ups and downs  A few very close friends can be better than a stable of casual acquaintances. Spend time with friends and family, call them, talk to them, and keep them in your life. Just knowing that they are there for you will be a help. Be willing to reach out. Whether through talking or asking for advice, seek out support from your loved ones when you need it. You can also seek peer support groups to find people with common experiences and shared histories. They've "been there" before. There is a big difference between caring and worrying. Caring is being invested in something, like a goal. Worrying, on the other hand, is “an attempt to control the future by thinking about it.” One is motivating. The other is impossible.  Focus on what you can control. We are often faced with surprises or unforeseen events, so remind yourself that you are only human and cannot control everything. Encourage yourself from time to time. Anxiety is like any other feeling. You might try telling yourself this, i.e. “I feel worried, but I do things to deal with it.”  Keep things in perspective. Avoid “catastrophic thinking” by reminding yourself of the scale of your worry. For instance, failing a class is bad but not the end of your education. Finishing last at a swim meet is disappointing but not the end of the world. You still have your health, your life, and people who love you. Know when to let up when following your goals and dreams, otherwise you may face burnout – physical and mental exhaustion, discouragement, and cynicism. If you are under stress, find ways to rest, relax and recharge.  You know your mind and body best and when you might be slowing down. Make sure that your mind and body are well-rested. Otherwise, your efforts will be less effective. It is OK to take some time off, whether that...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Сохраняйте широкий круг поддержки. Держите беспокойство под контролем. Не спешите и делайте перерывы. Ведите здоровый способ жизни. Знайте, когда обратиться за помощью.


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Hardiness zones are based on the average minimum winter temperature in a given area and are divided into categories separated by 10-degrees Fahrenheit. They can tell you which plants will thrive in your area and which plants will not do well in the climate of your area. Additionally, you can find out when the best time of year to plant is based on your hardiness zone. Visit http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ to find out which zone you live in. The interactive map will even display information about microclimates in your yard. Most vegetables require a lot of sunlight to grow into healthy producers, but you may want to vary the sun to shade ratio of your garden to allow for some shade growing plants as well. However, if your vegetables don't get enough sun, they won't produce as much and will be more susceptible to pests. It's best to have an idea about what plants you want to grow before choosing a site.  You can grow dark, leafy vegetables like broccoli and spinach in places in your garden that do not get full sun. If you live in an area with little sun, don't be discouraged. You can still plant a magnificent garden, though you'll probably have to leave tomatoes out of the equation. Alternately, if you live in an extremely hot climate, you may want to choose partial shade for some of your vegetable varieties in order to protect them from extreme heat. For example, cool-season peas may benefit from growing in partial shade.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выясните, в какой зоне морозостойкости располагается ваш участок. Подберите место, которое освещается прямыми солнечными лучами не менее 6 часов в день.


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Hardly anyone likes having to work on their birthday (even if you have an awesome job and great coworkers), but as adults most of us have to respond to the alarm and trudge off to work even on our birthdays. As you prepare for your birthday celebration, take a look at the day's calendar to see how much time you can carve out for yourself.  You may have to spend most of your special day at work, but check your calendar to see if you can head out a bit earlier to hit your favorite bakery or take a little extra time lingering over your breakfast at home. Of course, if you'd rather get every last bit of shut-eye that you can in the morning—especially on your birthday morning, check to see if you can afford to take a longer lunch or possibly take off from work a bit earlier than normal.  If you have vacation or personal days available, consider using them on this special day. If you're able to, getting out of town for a solo birthday celebration is a fantastic way to treat yourself, go exactly where you want to go, and get some precious downtime. Traveling by yourself means you won't have to worry about coordinating your schedule with anyone else, nor will you have to make compromises. If you've always wanted to laze around on a sunny beach, but your normal travel companions prefer to tough it out in the woods, now is your chance to go where you want and do exactly what you want.  If at all possible, try to make travel plans a few weeks in advance in order to get the best deals. This will include making decisions about transportation,making hotel reservations, and packing for your trip. It's always fun to return to a favorite place, but don't rule out going somewhere entirely new. You may not still think it's cool to have a bunch of awkward servers sing you happy birthday (or maybe you do—nothing wrong with that!), but that doesn't mean that there aren't still tons of special deals available for you to take advantage of on your birthday. It used to be the case that all you'd have to do to get a free dessert or...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Определите, сколько времени вы сможете посвятить празднованию. Рассмотрите вариант проведения дня рождения вне дома. Выясните, нет ли специальных предложений для именинников. Решите, какой подарок вы хотите получить в день рождения Сделайте последние приготовления в день перед праздником.


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Hardwall hangers are made specifically for cement and brick walls. Each hanger comes with four sturdy pins that will anchor the base of the hook to the wall.  You will need a hammer to install hardwall hangers. Use 2 hardwall hangers to hang 1 object if you want extra support and have hanging hardware that will accommodate this. If the item you are hanging has a wire-hanger in the back, be sure to consider the slack when determining where you want it to hang. Test this by pulling the center of the wire tight toward the top of your object. Measure from the bottom of the object to where the wire catches. If you are using 2 hardwall hangers, either measure the distance between the two hooks on the back of your object or measure the width of the object you are hanging and divide that number by 3. One of these two methods will determine how far apart you make your marks on the wall. Line the middle of the base up with the mark you’ve made. Hold the hanger still with one hand and tap all four pins in halfway with the hammer. Release your hold on the hanger and check that the hook is in the correct position. Finish by hammering the pins flush to the hook. To avoid getting your fingers bruised, keep your initial taps very light. Once you feel that the pin has taken hold in the wall, release your hold on the pin and strike the hammer straight on the pinhead to finish. Stand back to make sure it is hung straight. Make any adjustments needed and enjoy.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Купите такие крючки, если нужно вешать предметы весом до 11 кг. Отметьте место на стене, где нужно повесить крючки. Молотком вбейте иголки через отверстия в крючке. Накиньте тросик или удерживающую петлю предмета на крючок.


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Hardware cloth or ½" x ½" (1.25cm x 1.25cm) welded wire mesh should make up the bottom 2 feet (0.6 m) of fence, plus all buried sections. Unlike chicken wire, the fox cannot get his teeth around this mesh to tear through it. For extra protection, use two layers of mesh. Foxes are excellent diggers. Bury the wire barrier at least 8 inches (20 cm) deep, or up to 12 inches (30 cm) if the soil is loose or sandy. Bend the mesh at a 90º angle and extend it outward 8 inches (20 cm), so the fox can't find a way past if it digs downward. Weigh down the horizontal layer with bricks or rubble before you cover it with soil, to make digging even harder. A large fox can jump or climb an impressive height. An ordinary fence should be at least 6 ft (1.8m) high to keep out foxes. You can get away with as low as 5 ft (1.5m) if you bend the top of the fence outward to form a long overhang. Try an overhang that bends outward at a 45º angle and extends 19 inches (50cm). This is one of the most effective ways to deter foxes. Foxes usually examine the fence before trying to climb or jump. If they come into contact with an electric wire, the painful shock will usually discourage them from trying. Run three wires for best results: one at fox head height, one along the top, and one in the middle. You'll also need an energizer that produces about 5,000–7,000 volts.  This will discourage most jumpers, so you can risk building a lower fence. If there are hedgehogs in your area, the lowest electric wire should be at least 6 inches (15 cm) off the ground to prevent accidental death. Other small mammals are usually fine.  Electric fences are not recommended in areas with young children. The fox must make a connection between the electric wire and the ground to get a shock. If your fence isn't grounded, run a ground wire about an inch (2.5 cm) apart from the middle and upper wires. Alternatively, use electric netting.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Используйте для ограды мелкую стальную сетку. Создайте L-образное заглубление ограды для защиты от подкопов. Предотвратите возможность перепрыгивания и перелезания ограды. Подумайте об установке электрического ограждения.


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Harsh antiseptic products such as Bactine, bacitracin, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol or tea tree oil should not be used to clean nose piercings, as these can irritate and/or damage the skin, and prolong healing. Do not allow make-up to come in contact with the piercing, as it can clog it up and lead to infection. This also goes for sun-tan lotion and any other cosmetic products. Nose piercings can close up within a few hours if the stud or ring is removed.  Forcing the stud back into the piercing after it has started to close can cause pain, inflammation, and infection. Therefore, it's important to avoid removing the stud or ring from the piercing until it is fully healed, which can take 12 to 24 weeks. You should avoid submerging your piercing in a pool, bath or hot tub water, as these often harbor harmful bacteria which could lead to infection. But if necessary, you can cover your nose piercing with a waterproof wound-sealant bandage (available in drug stores) to protect it. Dirty pillowcases are another potential source of bacteria, so it's important to change your pillowcase regularly. A useful trick to avoid having to constantly clean your pillowcase is to cover the pillow with a clean t-shirt one night. the second night, turn the pillow around, the third night turn the t-shirt inside out and cover the pillow in it again, the fourth night turn the pillow around again. This way, a single clean t-shirt (this may also be done with a pillow cover) can provide you a clean pillow for 4 days. Avoid touching or playing with your piercing - you should only touch it when you're cleaning it, after you have washed your hands. It is not necessary to twist or rotate the stud/ring during the healing process.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Не следует пользоваться сильными антисептическими средствами. Не наносите макияж на пирсинг. Не вынимайте сережку из отверстия до полного заживления ранки. Не принимайте ванны, джакузи и не ходите в бассейн. Почаще меняйте наволочку. Без необходимости не прикасайтесь к пирсингу.


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Harsh cleansers and exfoliants damage the skin rather than help them. Choose a gentle daily cleanser for your face and avoid using exfoliating products with rough edges, such as crushed apricot shells. Apply a noncomedogenic moisturizer to your face each day. Avoid picking or squeezing pimples or pores, which can lead to spider veins. Apply sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher each day to protect your skin from sun damage. Avoid going out in the sun during peak hours, and wear long-sleeved clothing and a wide-brimmed hat if you must. Wear a hat and scarf to protect your skin from extreme temperatures and wind burn in the colder months, as well. A poorly-functioning liver can lead to spider veins. Reduce your alcohol consumption and try taking supplements to support liver health. Such supplements include milk thistle, holy basil, dandelion root, and bupleurum. Consult your doctor before beginning any supplement regimen. This is especially important if you have an autoimmune disorder. Foods to avoid include processed foods (like lunch meat and hot dogs), fast food, sugar, wheat and gluten. If you are on steroids or hormone replacements, an unfortunate side effect may be spider veins. Talk to your doctor about alternative medications you could take. It’s important that you don’t stop taking a prescribed medication, like steroids, before discussing the decision with your doctor.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Пользуйтесь мягким очищающим средством для лица. Защищайте кожу от повреждений окружающей среды. Помогите своей печени. Не ешьте продукты, которые запускают воспалительные процессы. Обсудите с врачом принимаемые вами препараты.


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Harvest lavender just before the buds open. Cut at the base of the stems to preserve as much stem as possible. A cutting board or another large piece of wood is perfect for drying lavender in the sun. If you use a metal tray, the lavender will get too hot; if you use plastic, you might have a melted mess on your hands. Move the cutting board or wood block to a place that gets plenty of sun, either indoors or outdoors. Drying lavender this way is a much quicker process than drying it in the dark, but be prepared for the sun to fade the lavender to a very pale purple color.  If you live in an area that gets a lot of rain, either dry the lavender inside near a sunny window or be ready to move it inside when the clouds threaten to break. It should take under a week for the hot sun to dry the lavender. Check every few days to see whether the lavender is dry. When it's ready, the flowers should crumble easily from the stems.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Соберите цветы лаванды со стеблями до того, как полностью откроется бутон. Положите лаванду на деревянную доску. Положите лаванду в место, куда падает солнце. Позвольте солнцу полностью высушить лаванду, это займет приблизительно неделю.


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Has he introduced you to all his friends and stopped talking about other girls around you? Does he want to spend more alone time with you and plan out activities that resemble dates? There are a number of signs that he may be giving off so pay attention. Does he continually make it clear that he’s single and often give scenarios where the two of you are dating? His body language may change and he may be more touchy feely than usual. He may also start acting like your boyfriend or ask questions to probe about how you’re feeling about him. What may seem obvious to you may seem vague and confusing to him. You need to have a crystal clear idea of your friendship and whether romance is the next logical step. It’s okay if you discover that this isn’t a good idea. You don’t want to lose a friendship by trying to force a relationship. If you don’t want him to think of you as one of the boys or just a temporary fling, let him know how you feel. Be direct and completely honest. Open communication is key. Be honest because any type of relationship that you want to preserve won’t last if the truth is ever found out. Being honest with yourself can also help you manage expectations. You can’t protect his feelings or your own. Letting him know that you have a romantic life might get him to clue about his feelings for you. Don’t be vague and don’t allow him to be vague about any intimate encounters. You need to be truthful about your current sexual activities because if you move from friendship to something physical, you want to make sure that you’re safe from any STDs. Laugh it off if he doesn’t return your feelings. The longer you hold in your feelings, the harder it will be to continue being a true friend. You don’t want to begin a friendship or a romance with a lie. Respect his reply. Don't try to force him to like you. The more you pressure him, the more likely you'll push him away. If you plan to cross from friendship into something more, anticipate the possibilities. Depending on the dynamics of your friendship, you...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Обращайте внимание на признаки, которые показывают его отношение к вам. Убедитесь, что вы оба понимаете, чего вы хотите. Скажите ему о своих чувствах. Скажите ему, если вы рассматриваете другого человека как потенциального романтического партнера. Будьте честны. Будьте готовы к последствиям. Запаситесь терпением.


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Hashtags are one of the main ways people browse the content on Instagram. Loading your posts with well-known hashtags makes it easy for other users to find them. If they like what they see, they may decide to give you a follow.  Some of the most commonly-used hashtags on Instagram include things like #instagood, #photooftheday, #ootd (outfit of the day), and #fitspo, as well as more general tags such as #love, #travel, #friends, and #adventure. Throw out hashtags related to your personal or company brand. If you're a comedian, for example, you might use hashtags referencing terms from the comedy scene. Pay attention to what's trending. People often use hashtags to discuss pop culture and current events. Being active on other people's accounts is a virtually surefire method of gaining more followers yourself. Try liking random photos you stumble upon by clicking on popular hashtags, and leave thoughtful or encouraging comments on posts from high-profile users. Making yourself visible may cause those users' followers to take notice. Avoid leaving comments that sound selfish or desperate. Saying things like, "Follow me back!" will annoy people in a hurry. Instead, try posting something related to the picture or video you're looking at, like “Your cat is adorable. I have two calicos myself!" If you're present on other platforms, link these up with your Instagram page. You can cross-post your Instagram photos on Facebook and Twitter, for instance, or drop links to your Instagram profile in the “About Me” section of these apps with along with a request that your friends check you out there. Make some of your content Instagram-exclusive and use your other social media profiles to tease new posts—your may not see the need to follow you on Instagram if they can already see everything you post on Twitter. Lunch time and late evening are considered the “golden hours” when it comes to delivering new content to your followers. Research has shown that posts made during these times tend to accumulate the highest number of...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Используйте популярные хэштеги. Часто взаимодействуйте с другими пользователями. Продвигайте свой профиль Instagram в других социальных сетях. Публикуйте новые фото и видео в промежутках с 11:00 до 13:00 и с 19:00 до 21:00. Используйте хэштеги в биографии, чтобы привлечь новых подписчиков.


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Hashtags help you to get discovered by other users and your photos are more likely to get liked. Using a lot of hashtags increases the likelihood that your photos will be viewed and shared. For example, if you have a picture of your wiener dog, possible hashtags you can use are #wienerdog, #dog, and #pet. Some of the most popular hashtags are #love, #me, #cute, #friday and #coffee. Keep in mind that using a popular hashtag can also make your photo more likely to be lost. Also, you can go to #likeforlike or #like4like and like a lot of photos. Not everyone likes back, but at least you get some likes.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Используйте хэштеги. Используйте максимально возможное количество хэштегов для каждого фото. Используйте самые популярные хэштеги. Найдите в интернете список самых популярных  на данный момент хэштегов и попробуйте использовать один из них.


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Haters you run into online can sometimes be even more persistent than the ones you see every day. However, remember that their motivations are usually the same: they're looking for a reaction from you. Luckily there are many ways of shutting down cyberbullies.  Block harassers. Most online platforms allow you to block communication from certain users. Use this feature to keep your hater from contacting you. On many forums, this feature will even hide his or her public posts from view to keep them from ruining your day. Check the rules of the game or website. Most prohibit trolling, threats, and other inflammatory communications. Instead of responding to such attacks, report them to a moderator. Don't use your real name outside of Facebook and professional websites. This is especially important if you have a unique name that can easily tracked through a search engine. Use a nickname when playing games and posting on forums. Consider using different nicknames to keep dedicated trolls from following you to multiple websites.  Always remember that anything you put on the Internet can potentially be accessed forever. Even if you think a forum is private or you delete something, a hater can easily download or screenshot it for later use. Think before you post. Especially if you are a minor, be extremely careful what type of information you give out online. Don't post things that could tip a stalker off to your home address or typical daily schedule. If a hater goes from petty insults to direct threats, then simply ignoring them may not be enough. If this happens to you, tell someone you trust. If you're a minor, be sure to tell a parent or guardian. Don't delete anything. Although you may be tempted to make these hurtful words disappear, it's better keep them. Save all emails, messages, and chat logs. Certain types of cyberbullying are illegal. If things escalate to where authorities need to get involved, you will need to have proof of what happened. If you run a business, you are likely to get some negative...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Не отвечайте троллям. Защитите свою конфиденциальность. Если вы чувствуете угрозу, сообщите об этом кому-нибудь. Достойно воспринимайте критику.


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Have a bottle of mineral spirits and a bucket of warm water with detergent at the ready. Discard this into the bin. This will absorb a lot of what melts, reducing how much mopping up you'll need to do. This step is optional but advisable; if you don't have this towel, you can still heat the wax directly. Hold over the wax to melt it. Go over it as much as is needed to melt the most wax. You'll need to lift up the terry toweling rag to check you're getting it all. Clean away the mineral spirits with the detergent and warm water. Allow to air dry.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Приготовьте чистящие средства. Используйте шпатель или аналогичный скребок, чтобы удалить как можно больше воска. Поместите махровое полотенце поверх воска. Установите фен на максимальную температуру. Сотрите расплавленный воск с помощью растворителя и ткани или бумажных полотенец. Повторите при необходимости.


First, read the English article below.

Have a diet rich in healthy sources of protein like tofu, chicken, and beans as well as Vitamin B rich foods like whole grains, nuts, and seeds. Add a good balance of fruits and vegetables to your diet, specifically sea vegetables, as they are rich in iodine. Foods high in natural iodine are good for your thyroid.  You could try having sea vegetables like kelp, nori, and kombu at least once a day. Sprinkle kelp over your salads or soups for added iodine. Add kombu to your beans or meat. Wrap foods in nori. Add nuts and seeds to stir fries, quinoa, and salads. Exercise can help boost your metabolism and counteract some of the side effects of an underactive thyroid, such as fatigue, depression and weight gain. Go for regular runs or bike rides. Join a gym and take workout classes. Make it a habit to be active for at least 30 minutes a day. You can also try taking a yoga class to help you stay active and to reduce your stress levels. Look for yoga classes at your local gym or yoga studio. Aim to get at least 20 to 30 minutes of sun exposure in the early morning or the evening. Expose your arms, legs, and face to the sun. Low vitamin D levels have been found to be associated with hypothyroidism. Bringing those levels up may improve your symptoms of hypothyroidism. If you live in an area that gets very little direct sunlight, especially during the winter months, speak to your doctor about taking Vitamin D supplements. Keep your stress and anxiety levels low to avoid agitating your thyroid. Do relaxing activities like painting, drawing, and knitting. Try doing a hobby you enjoy to release stress and anxiety. Working out can also be a good way to reduce your stress levels. You can also do deep breathing exercises to help reduce your stress levels or take a weekly yoga class.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Потребляйте продукты, богатые витамином В и йодом. Регулярно занимайтесь физическими упражнениями. Ежедневно потребляйте достаточное количество витамина D. Уменьшите уровень стресса и тревоги.


First, read the English article below.

Have a healthy sense of self or good self-esteem. Before you even begin trying to become a fun person, you have to believe you can be a fun person. Nothing is wrong with believing in yourself, and it's looked up to but never looked down on. Most confident people have insecurities.  There are many ways to build confidence or self-esteem. Try making lists of your strengths and accomplishments. People often focus on their downfalls rather than successes. Remind yourself why people should think you’re fun. Identify and discount any negative ideas you have about yourself. If you think of yourself negatively, others will follow suit. It is important to recognize where your weaknesses are and try to fix them. Don’t be overconfident. Few things are less appealing than egotistic individuals. Don’t be a snob either. People don’t like others who cannot be humble. If you guard yourself or put up walls, no one will get to know you. If they cannot learn more about you, they won’t think you’re fun. Learn to open up. Be relatable. People want to hang out with others that have similar aspirations and fears. Tell people what yours are. Talk about your life goals, family, other friends, love of puppies, or whatever else makes you tick. Everyone shares basic goals or concerns. Chances are, if you try, you'll find common ground with just about anyone. Don't be afraid to take chances. Think about the fun people you know. They take chances on a regular basis, both socially as well as in their life. This is hard at first and takes practice. But the more you do it the sooner it will just become a part of you. Don't think too much, regardless of what anyone tells you. Don't overanalyze things and don't spend a ton of time wondering what could go wrong, what someone else in your position would say, or how you should react to what they're going to say next. Be open to new experiences and different opinions.  Try new things. They can be spontaneous or planned out ahead of time. If a friend wants to see a band play a concert, but you...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Будьте уверены в себе. Будьте готовы открыться. Будьте непредсказуемы. Будьте открыты для новых идей.