First, read the English article below.

Write down a detailed account of the rules and regulations of your fictional dystopian world. You can then refer to these notes as you compose the novel. Having a clear set of dos and don’ts will make it easier for you to immerse the reader in the world of the novel. It will also ensure you keep the world consistent and easy to follow. To create the rules, ask yourself:  What are the laws of the world? Is there a legal system, and if so, what does it look like? How are people punished for their actions? Does everyone receive the same punishment for their actions? What is considered taboo in the world? A strong opening line will set the tone for the rest of the novel and draw the reader in. Come up with a first line that is descriptive and unique. It should shock or startle the reader so they pay attention and read on.  For example, you may go for a descriptive, moody opening like the first line of William Gibson’s Neuromancer: “The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel.” Or you may go for first lines that gives character and personality like Chuck Palahniuk’s Choke: “If you’re going to read this, don’t bother. After a couple pages, you won’t want to be here. So forget it. Go away. Get out while you’re still in one piece. Save yourself.” Avoid making your dystopian novel just about the dystopian world. Have a protagonist that feels like the center of the story. Show them trying to survive in the dystopia. Make them the guide to the world for the reader. Having a strong main character will help readers feel a personal connection to the story. For example, you may have a main character who is employed by the shadowy government in control in the dystopian world. You may then show the main character struggling to help others overthrow the government. Do not simply let your minor characters feel like stand ins or caricatures. Make your minor characters just as detailed as your main character. Give your minor characters their own dramas, feelings, and conflicts to sort out. Show...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Придумайте правила антиутопичного мира. Начните с сильного вступления. Сделайте главного героя центральным в истории. Создайте разносторонних второстепенных персонажей. Опишите мир с помощью органов чувств. Создайте конфликт, используя антиутопичный мир.


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Write down a few of the things that you like to do for fun. Next, write down a few items that you'd use for that hobby. Choose the ones you really like from that list, and add them to your wish list. Here are some ideas to get you started:  If you like to paint or draw, you might need some new graphite pencils, paintbrushes, or paints. If you do oil painting, you might also need some linseed oil or turpentine. Be creative! If you like to show support for your favorite sports team, don't limit yourself to just jerseys, sweatshirts, and hats with your favorite team's logo. A sports game is a great way of showing support. It can also be a great experience. If you like music, why not think about your favorite bands? Are there any new albums that came out or that you don't have? What about posters or shirts? If you are interested in manga or comic books, see if any new volumes have been added to your favorite series. If you like anime, see what new action figures you might have missed out on. Click here for more ideas on specific gifts. Did you recently see a musical that you really liked? The musical might not be playing anymore by the time your birthday rolls around, but there could be another one that you might enjoy. Visit the theater company's website and see what is coming up that interests you. Tickets to performances, such as operas, plays, and musicals, make great, memorable gifts. If you don't like theater, think about other things you have enjoyed. This could be a sports game, a concert, or even a theme park. Click here for more gift ideas based on experiences. Sometimes, figuring out what you need is easier than deciding what you want. Think about the past few months. Ask yourself if there was something you really needed at one point but didn't have. Here are some things to get you started:  If you cook a lot, you might find that some of your pots, pans, and other utensils need replacing or updating. You could ask for a new set or blender. If all your cooking gear is in top condition, consider some...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Подумайте о своих хобби. Попробуйте вспомнить что-то интересное, что вам приходилось видеть ранее. Решите, что вам нужно. Побродите по магазинам и интернет-сайтам, полистайте каталоги для поиска идей подарков.


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Write down a list of what classes you took during the term. Next to each class, write down the grade you earned. Don't worry about writing down a percentage, just note the letter grade that you got. For example, your list may look something like this:  Biology: B Calculus: A History: A Spanish: C Use your school's grading scale to determine how many points each letter grade earns. The scale should be available from the registrar or the registrar’s website. Be sure to take into account any pluses or minuses, if applicable. These may or may not change the number of points assigned to each grade letter, depending on your school’s policy. For example, you'd build on your list like this:  Biology: B (3 points) Calculus: A (4 points) History: A (4 points) Spanish: C+ (2 points) Once you've made your list, look in your school's course catalog to determine how many credits each course is worth. Sometimes, seminars or labs may be worth fewer credits so it's important to calculate how many credits you took in a term. Write down how many credits each course is worth. For example, your list may now look something like this:  Biology: B (3 credit points) at 3 hours Calculus: A (4 credit points) at 4 hours History: A (4 credit points) at 3 hours Spanish: C (2 credit points) at 3 hours For each course on your list, multiply the credit for your grade by the number of hours the course was worth. Once you've done this for each course, you can add up all of the grade points (credit points) to calculate your total grade points (credit points) for the term. Your list may look like this:  Biology: B (3 credit points) at 3 hours = 9 credit points Calculus: A (4 credit points) at 4 hours = 16 credit points History: A (4 credit points) at 3 hours = 12 credit points Spanish: C (2 credit points) at 3 hours = 6 credit points Total = 43 credit points Take your total credit points and divide this number by the number of credit hours you took. Remember not to count any classes you withdrew from. For example, you would divide 43 (credit...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Запишите свои оценки. Рядом с каждым предметом запишите полученную числовую оценку. Запишите, сколько времени (в неделю) отводилось на каждый предмет. Вычислите, сколько баллов вы получили за каждый предмет. Вычислите среднюю оценку (GPA) за семестр.


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Write down all of the different types of customers who you think will want your product/service. For instance, if you’re launching a pet sitting business, some of your customer types would be people that travel for work, people that work long hours, and people that go on vacation.  You should also consider your market area. Unless you have a car (or your parents' help), market area is relatively small. This may include only areas that you can safely walk or bike to. These customer types are called customer profiles. Once you have your customer profiles, you will have a better idea of how to market your business to them. Different customer profiles sometimes require entirely different marketing strategies. Is anyone else in your neighborhood or town offering similar products/services to yours? If so, you will be competing with them for the same customers. What are they charging and how does it compare to what you plan to charge? How will your product/service be better than theirs? Why should people choose your business over theirs?  You can market most effectively once you know these specific details about your competitors. Offering lower prices or providing higher quality products/services are two ways you can compete with them. For example, if you start a lawn care business, you will be competing with established lawn care businesses. You can build a customer base by offering better service and encouraging customer recommendations. Will you be advertising by handing out or posting flyers? If so, where? Will you promote your business on social media? Email marketing? Will you market products door-to-door? Will you have your own website?  Remember to keep your customer profiles in mind when choosing your marketing strategies. For instance, if you’re starting a pet sitting business, you could post flyers at veterinary offices and pet stores, and also hand deliver flyers to people in your neighborhood with pets. These are handy and professional to have, and these days you can order them online for a very low...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Определите, кто будет покупать ваш товар или услуги. Подумайте, есть ли у вас конкуренты. Проанализируйте возможные стратегии. Сделайте визитные карточки.


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Write down all of your major goals that you feel you have achieved and want to achieve. In turn, write down the events in your life that have already happened and that have shaped or affected you. When life brings problems or misfortunes it shapes our belief system and makes us think differently, but it also makes us us. These things you list are organically you, not a simple reflection of society.  This isn't an exercise in wallowing. It's about clarification and identification of issues. These issues might be keeping you from reaching your present potential and letting your true self blossom. Spend a little time clarifying the past in your timeline. A timeline is an incredibly objective method for marking down past occurrences in your life that you consider to be major. You can look at them as formation blocks and as changing experiences along your timeline without imbuing them with too much emotion (as would occur within a diary account). As if writing a résumé, keep it simple, real, and condensed to the major effects or lessons learned from each past incident. When analyzing negative past experiences, focus on what you learned from them. Everyone has these blips in their timeline, but exaggerating or ignoring them won't help you. Instead, recognize that these experiences shaped you. For most people (it's more common than you may think) life is pretty easy to go through while on autopilot; we practically get handed a road map for how reality "works." Go to school, get a job, get married, think this, that, and the other, and boom — hope you had a good time. And that's all well and good — it gets the job done certainly — but it doesn't allow room for you. So sit down with yourself. At the end of the timeline, come up with a few beliefs of yours that aren't based on logic, but are based on what you've been told. We all have them. Now, what do you actually think?  Society has a very covert way of handing us the "misfits", condemning the "losers", idolizing the "beautiful", alienating the "strange." But here's...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Напишите свою собственную хронологию жизни. Отделите собственные мысли от мыслей других людей. Начните опираться на свои силы. Начните все с чистого листа. Организуйте мир вокруг себя.


First, read the English article below.

Write down all of your monthly income and expenditures. Create a  balance sheet that will compare what you owe to what you make. Use this sheet to determine where you can make adjustments. Keep track of everything you spend money on, including small purchases like drinks or snacks, to get an accurate picture of where your money is going and how you can best maximize your income. You are entitled to a free credit report every year from the three major credit bureaus. You can either order one over the phone, or receive them online at the website run by all three agencies. Use these reports to give yourself a complete picture of your financial needs. Once you’ve gotten a good idea on how you’re spending your money, make a realistic plan on how to manage it. Make sure that all your bills and debt payments are accounted for before allowing expenditures into luxuries. Use budget software to keep everything organized and easily accessible. Take a complete tally of what you owe and how old your debts are. Pay special attention to the interest rates on your debts. Pay your highest-interest debt as soon as possible, while making at least the minimum monthly payments on your other debts. This will keep your interest rates from increasing.  Once your highest interest debt is paid off, move on to the next highest. Use money saved from cutting out unnecessary purchases directly for reducing debt, instead of making more potentially unnecessary purchases. While paying the minimum is fine for months that are tight, make an effort to pay more whenever possible. Otherwise, you will end up paying far more in the long run due to minimum monthly payments being barely enough to cover interest. Avoid financing deals whenever possible, and try to pay for big purchases entirely at once. This will help you avoid incurring interest on items and keep you from paying well more than the initial price.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Планируйте свои финансы. Получите кредитный отчет. Составьте бюджет. Разберитесь со своими долгами. Платите больше, чем минимум. Платите сразу.


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Write down all the names you came up with, and then say them aloud. Introduce yourself as each one and think about how they sound to you. If you are having trouble deciding which names sound better than the rest, take some time away from the process and return to it in a day or so. The goal is to find one name you prefer above all the others, plus a couple of alternatives. With your preferred nicknames in mind, speak to those around you and see what they think. It can be difficult to get a nickname to stick if others do not like it. Ask friends to call you by your preferred nickname. If they seem game, the nickname is likely to stick. If they are not on board with the idea, it may be time to try one of your alternates instead. Now that you have found a nickname your friends are willing to call you, introduce yourself to others using it. Ask teachers and new employers to call you by it. Consider going by your nickname on social networking sites such as Facebook. Your new nickname will be cemented in no time.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Найдите понравившиеся вам имена. Отбросьте лишние варианты. Свыкнитесь с вашим новым прозвищем.


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Write down as many details of the experience as possible. Include the time, your sleep pattern, sleeping position, your mental/emotional state before and after you were paralyzed, and if you were paralyzed while falling asleep or upon waking up. This information can all be useful, especially if you decide to a see a doctor about the condition.  Also track any other sleep problems you notice, such as insomnia, the number of times you wake up in the night, hallucinations upon waking, and/or falling asleep frequently during the day. Try to notice if anything in particular triggers the paralysis. For instance, you may notice it happens more often when you drank alcohol the night before. Narcolepsy can be an underlying cause of sleep paralysis. If you've noticed extreme tiredness during the day, coupled with an inability to stay awake, narcolepsy may be an underlying cause of your disease. Ask your doctor if this could be a possibility. Other symptoms of narcolepsy can include hallucinations when you're falling asleep or waking up and cataplexy, which is sudden muscle weakness often brought on by strong emotions. For example, a large burst of laughter may cause parts of your body to go weak temporarily. A sleep study is done in a hospital or other medical facility. Basically, you stay overnight, and you're hooked up to machines to help determine any problems you may be having with sleep. It's one of the tests used to diagnose narcolepsy, for instance. Other diseases can cause sleep paralysis, too. Particularly, anxiety, depression, and PTSD can all cause sleep paralysis to occur. Sometimes, treating these conditions can help with the sleep paralysis, so discuss the possibility with your doctor. It is particularly important to seek a counselor if you believe your sleep paralysis is caused by PTSD. Sometimes, your doctor may prescribe an antidepressant to help you regulate your sleep cycle. In turn, that may decrease your instances of sleep paralysis. Many people who have instances of sleep paralysis find they have...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Ведите дневник. Узнайте у врача о нарколепсии. Пройдите исследование сна. Обсудите с врачом другие возможные причины. Узнайте у врача насчет антидепрессантов.


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Write down questions posed by your research followed by sources and the answers you found. Reference the page numbers, URLs and sources that answer those questions. Photocopy your printed sources and take notes on visual or audio sources. Make notes in the margins about any terms that must be defined, relevance to your research topic and sources that build on each other.  Use a highlighter and a pencil on photocopies. You should do this as you read it, rather than returning to do it at a later date. Annotation promoted active reading. Keep a list of citations that may be useful in your report. Separate it into folders according to different topics, if possible. You can also use an electronic filing system, like Evernote to keep scans, websites and notes together. Separate the topics you need to break down by number. Then letter the sub-topics that you must research and report on.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Заведите блокнот для проекта. Аннотируйте все тексты. Заведите теку, в которой будут храниться все материалы по вашему исследованию. Создавайте план и структуру отчета в процессе работы.


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Write down the physical symptoms you've experienced as a result of extreme emotional distress. Note changes in your sleep patterns and eating habits. Write down other physical symptoms that you’re experiencing. If you don't have a record of your physical symptoms that relate to your emotional distress, you may still have a case. It will be a lot tougher to prove that your issues are directly connected to the incident in question. Severe emotional distress like prolonged extreme social anxiety or paranoia may be enough to collect damages.  If you don't have proof of related physical symptoms, talk to a lawyer. You can ask if you have a case. Emotional distress suits are almost always related to physical injury. These types of suits vary by region. But it’s typical that you must have experienced physical harm or were threatened with physical harm. Talk with your doctor to determine how your emotional distress relates to your physical injury In cases of negligence, you must prove that you experienced physical harm. This physical harm caused prolonged emotional symptoms like severe depression or anxiety. A common example of proof includes medical records that describe your emotional symptoms. These will also describe the likely causes of your symptoms. In some states, you can sue for emotional distress as a third party. For example, you might have a case if your child or someone close to you was physically harmed in an incident. This incident must have occurred right in front of you. You would have a more solid case if you were also physically injured or experienced the threat of injury.  For your case to stand, you must be closely related to the victim. You must also prove that the emotional stress you experienced as a witness exceeds that of a random bystander.   You must also prove that you had such distress that you experienced physical symptoms for a long time afterwards. You must prove the connection between your physical and emotional distresses. Make sure you have copies of all your medical records so...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Запротоколируйте физические симптомы. Определите, какую роль сыграл материальный ущерб в вашей ситуации. Докажите связь между физическим ущербом и продолжительными эмоциональными симптомами. Узнайте, можете ли вы подать иск за моральный ущерб в качестве третьей стороны. Соберите медицинские документы.


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Write down the reasons for wanting to lose weight this week. Include long-term goals. Ask yourself what your motivation for weight loss is in the short term and long term.  If you find cravings for food are very bad, try to commit mealtime to tasting and enjoying your food.  Don’t eat out. Studies show we consume more calories in groups and when we are drinking alcohol. Don’t watch TV while you eat. You may get distracted, making you eat more and not notice when you are full. Pick a way to treat yourself after you lose weight this week.  Choose a food that you will allow yourself to eat in place of a healthy food on the fifth day. Choose a serving that is 300 calories or less. Consider treating yourself with a purchase you have wanted to make for a while. Opt for an experience, such as booking a vacation.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Ведите дневник ваших целей. Визуализируйте достижения своей цели, особенно во время, когда вы хотите нарушить свой режим питания или тренировок. Практикуйте стратегию «mindful eating» . Вознаграждайте себя.


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Write down the two numbers you plan to multiply together.  In Example 1 throughout this section, we'll calculate 260 x 0.3. In Example 2, we'll calculate 410 x 9. This ends up being a little more complicated than Example 1, so you might want to follow Example 1 first. The slide rule is only labeled with numbers between 1 and 10. Move the decimal point in each number you are multiplying, so they fall between these values. After the problem is complete, we'll move the decimal point in the answer back to the right place, as described at the end of this section.  Example 1: to calculate 260 x 0.3 on a slide rule, start with 2.6 x 3 instead. Example 2: to calculate 410 x 9, start with 4.1 x 9 instead. Find the smaller number on the D scale. Slide the C scale so the "1" on the far left (called the left index) is directly in line with that number.  Example 1: slide the C scale so the left index is in line with the 2.6 on the D scale. Example 2: slide the C scale so the left index is in line with the 4.1 on the D scale. The cursor is the metal object that slides over the entire slide rule. Line the cursor up with the second number in your multiplication problem, on the C scale. The cursor will point to the answer to your problem on the D scale. If it can't slide that far, go to the next step.  Example 1: slide the cursor so it points to 3 on the C scale. At this position it should also point to 7.8 on the D scale, or extremely close to it. Skip ahead to the estimation step. Example 2: try to slide the cursor so it points to the 9 on the C scale. On most slide rules, this will not be possible, or the cursor will be pointing to empty air off the end of the D scale. See the next step for how to fix this. If the cursor is blocked by a "bridge" in the center of the slide rule, or if the answer is "off the scale," take a slightly different approach instead. Slide the C scale so the right index, or the 1 on the extreme right end, is located over the larger factor in the multiplication problem. Slide the cursor to the...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Запишите числа, которые вы будете умножать. Переместите десятичные точки для каждого числа. Найдите меньшие цифры на шкале D, затем передвиньте к ней шкалу C. Переместите металлический указатель ко второй цифре на шкале C. Если указатель не перемещается к ответу, используйте правый индекс. Прикидывайте правильную десятичную точку.


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Write down what day it starts, how heavy it is each day, when it stops, and how you feel each day. This record can help you predict your next period so you’ll be prepared for it. The average cycle is 28 days long, though this varies from person to person. A cycle may last anywhere from 21 to 35 days in an adult, or 21 to 45 days in a teen. Look back over three months of your notes and count how many days it is between when your period started one month to the next – taking the average of three months will give you a good idea of when to expect your next period.  It takes some time for your period to get regular – the first few months or even the first year of your period might not be very consistent. It can be helpful to show this record to your doctor or gynecologist if you ever want to discuss your heavy period with them. Keep enough pads or tampons in your purse, bag, inner jacket pocket, or backpack to last you an entire day. You probably will have to carry more menstrual products than others, because your heavy period requires extra protection for your clothes. When you need to change your product, excuse yourself and go to the bathroom – you’ll already have what you need with you. If people ask you why you keep going to the bathroom, just say that you drank a lot of water earlier. You can also say, “I am not feeling too well today,” or something else vague. Keep extra tampons, pads, and panty liners in your car, your locker at school, your purse, or that spare pocket of your backpack. If you have extra products in several different places it’s unlikely that you’ll be caught without one, even if you have overflow.  You can make a small period travel-kit with a couple of pads and tampons, some ibuprofen for cramps, and even a spare set of underwear – just in case. If you have limited space, just put 1-2 pads or tampons in your secret spots. They don’t take up much space and can at least get you through a few hours. If you happen to run out, many school and office bathrooms have machines that sell tampons...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Записывайте дату начала и окончания каждой менструации. Держите при себе запас средств гигиены на день. Держите запасные прокладки и тампоны в нескольких секретных местах. Снимайте боль от спазмов с помощью препаратов, которые отпускают без рецепта. Попробуйте бороться со спазмами с помощью народных средств.


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Write down your attempts to control your impulses, including both successful and unsuccessful attempts at increased willpower. Be sure to include details that may help you evaluate the situation later.  For example, you might write, “I ate five cookies at an office party today.  I skipped lunch to work, so I was quite hungry.  There were many other people there, and Sally made the cookies and kept encouraging me to have another. Another example is, “I went to the mall today with my husband to buy new jeans for our son, and I resisted buying a dress that I saw, even though it was on sale.  I came out with exactly what I went in for and nothing additional.” In addition to detailing situations in which you resisted or gave in to impulsive behavior, comment on things that were going through your mind.  You may want to include your emotional state, who you were with, and where you were. Once you have established several journal entries, you should begin to read over your entries and try to find patterns in your behavior.  Some questions to ask yourself include:  Do I make better decisions when I am alone or around other people? Are there certain people who “trigger” my impulsive behavior? Do your emotions (depression, anger, happiness, etc.) influence your impulsive behaviors? Is there a time of day that you find it more difficult to have impulse control (such as late at night?) This may sound silly, but some people respond better to a more concrete visual representation of their progress.  If you have something that you can look at to show you how far you have come and how far you have left to go, it can help you stay motivated.  For example, if you are trying to lose 40 pounds, you could put a quarter in a jar every time you lose a pound.  Seeing the level of the quarters grow as you lose weight can give you a concrete idea of how much progress you’ve made. If you are trying to save money, you might draw a picture that looks like a thermometer and color in the level of money you’ve saved; when you get to the...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Заведите «Журнал силы воли». Также записывайте то, что повлияло на принятие вами того или иного решения (отказаться от соблазна или удовлетворить желание). Найдите закономерности в вашем поведении. Визуализируйте ваш прогресс. Найдите наилучшее решение.


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Write down your ideas in a notebook. Some basics to bear in mind include:  Whether they’re geared toward children or adults, most great stories share a few basic elements: The main character, supporting characters, an interesting setting and a plot that includes a central conflict, trouble brewing, a climax, and a resolution. For non-fiction or informational works: The book needs to inform the reader about history, people, events, real things or how-to instructions. Picture books: These require a lot of illustration, usually in full color, which can make printing more expensive. Text is limited but needs to be both good and original––there is quite an art to limiting words and still putting across and excellent story. Many children’s books include a positive message, ranging from simple standards, like “share with others,” to more complex life lessons on topics like handling the death of a loved one or how to think about big issues like caring for the environment or respecting other cultures. It isn’t necessary to include a straightforward message, so don’t force it––if you do, your lesson may come off as heavy-handed, which won’t be appealing to kids. If writing fiction, this is your chance to write something silly, strange, nerdy, dreamy, fantastical. What inspired you as a child? Go there, explore those ideas. This doesn’t mean you should throw in something wacky for no good reason, though. Tap into feelings that are sincere and actions that make sense for your character. Readers can immediately pick up on writing that seems false, and that’s when they put down the book. And if writing non-fiction, this is your chance to share your knowledge and research with future generations of chefs, engineers, and artists! Importantly, be creative but also accurate––it's a fine balance between keeping it light and still ensuring that the content is fact-checked thoroughly and understandable or doable by children. Consider pitching the idea to a child, like a niece or nephew, cousin, or the child of a close friend....

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Определитесь с основными компонентами вашей истории. Подумайте о том, какую мысль будет нести ваше художественное произведение. Проявите свои творческие способности.


First, read the English article below.

Write in a gratitude journal each day in order to consistently recognize all of the great things that you have in your life. Whether you write a whole page or just a sentence each day on what you feel grateful for, this activity may help you feel satisfied by bringing all the positives of your life to light.  Try writing down one thing for every letter of the alphabet (a-z) that you’re grateful for. If you want to involve others in your daily gratitude, consider writing thank you notes to those you’re grateful for. Those who change at least one of their viewpoints or behaviors every few months are more likely to look to the future with hope and positivity. These individuals also generally claim to be in a better mood most of the time. Keep in mind that growth isn’t possible without change, and try to approach life’s changes with open arms so that you can feel more satisfied overall.  For example, you may find that you accidentally interrupt people sometimes, and then make a conscious effort to change this behavior. For example, you may decide to change your political stance on taxes after you hear someone bring up a few strong points that you hadn’t before considered. By attempting to look at seemingly negative situations in a positive light, you can change your thought processes over time. This may help you to feel more satisfied because you’re putting a positive filter on the people, events, and situations in your life. For instance, maybe your job wasn’t really fulfilling, and losing it was a gift in disguise because now you can pursue your true passion. Reflect on those who you know that are wealthy and those who aren’t as fortunate. There are many people who have less than you but still manage to have a positive outlook on life. There are also many who have more than you and are dissatisfied. Keep this in mind when you think you have to have more in order to be happy.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Практикуйте ежедневную благодарность. Будьте готовы меняться. Смотрите на вещи с другой точки зрения. Признайте, что больше — не значит лучше.


First, read the English article below.

Write it down or speak it aloud to help you process your worries. For instance, you might be afraid of saying the wrong thing or looking silly. Be as specific as possible about what’s making you nervous. Common worries include being judged, making a mistake, not measuring up, or making a bad impression. Ask yourself how likely your fear is to come true. Then, imagine how your speech is likely to go. Think of the positive things that could happen. This should help you realize that your worries are unlikely to come true.  For example, let's say you're worried that you will forget what you have to say. You could remind yourself that you know your topic well and will have your note card with you to refresh your memory, if you need it. Then, picture yourself using the note card during your speech. If the thing you're afraid of has actually happened to you, ease your fear by thinking about what you've done to prevent it from happening again. For instance, remind yourself that you've been thoroughly preparing for the speech and that you've practiced. It may feel like the audience is there to judge you, but this isn’t true. Your audience is there to hear what you have to say and learn something they can use. They want you to do a good job, so they’re on your side. Think of them as supporters. Think about how you feel when you go to see someone speak. Are you hoping they’ll do a bad job? Do you look for mistakes or judge how nervous they look? Probably not. Walk through the room and introduce yourself to people. Try to meet as many people as you can. This will help you feel like one of the group, which will make you feel less worried.  You might stand by the door as people come in to greet them. Don’t worry if you don’t meet everyone. You may feel more confident during your speech if you make eye contact with the people you met beforehand. However, this isn't necessary.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Перечислите конкретные тревоги, которые вызывают у вас страх. Разберитесь со своими волнениями, перечислив возможные последствия. Напомните себе, что аудитория желает вам успеха. Смешайтесь с аудиторией перед выступлением, чтобы уменьшить страх.


First, read the English article below.

Write it in large letters so it will be easy for you to read. You don’t want to include any of the key information on this side. The point of flash cards is to see a basic concept and then be able to identify pertinent information about that topic. If your teacher has given you key questions to consider, you might just write out the question on this side. Keep this side of the card as simple as possible. Your goal is to distill the key information on this side of the notecard. Don’t rewrite a professor’s entire lecture on Mongolian agrarian reform or bicameralism. Take the most important points your professor emphasizes and bullet point them on the notecard.  Write with pencil or light ink so that this information doesn't bleed to the other side of the card. Draw diagrams if you need to. Don’t be afraid to include additional information on the back of your notecards, as long it is essential information to the studying process. If your writing is small, you will not be able to read it easily and if it's crowded you will have too much to take in at one time. Writing clearly will enable you to read your notes easily. If you find yourself including too much detail on your notecards, either try to distill it further or break it up into several notecards. In this case, you can place the key word on the first side with some kind of qualifier in parentheses. For example, if you wanted to remember the causes of the French Revolution, but couldn’t condense it onto a single card, you might make several cards. “French Revolution Origins (Political)”, “French Revolution Origins (Social)”, and “French Revolution Origins (Economic)” might be possible cards for this subject. Colors are your friend. Feel free to color code particular information. For example, if you are studying for a French verb test, you might write the infinitive verb on one side of the card and then on the other, you could write the definition in black and then the conjugated forms in a different color. Get creative. Color can be used to help further...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Напишите термин или понятие на одной стороне карточки. Напишите краткое и лаконичное пояснение на обратной стороне карточки. Пишите крупным разборчивым почерком с достаточным интервалом и отступами. Используйте яркие цвета. Сокращайте слова.


First, read the English article below.

Write objectives such that there is a clear and measurable goal identifiable in the wording of the objective. That is, don't use indirect or passive word like "understand" or "some." Instead, use direct wording that conveys specific figures or actions that needs to be learned. Doing so will make sure that the rest of your training, including materials, methods, and content, is cohesive.  In addition, this type of wording adds to your ability to eventually measure your training successes. Clear objectives gives the student the ability to follow their own progress and to know what to expect from the training and its outcome.  For the bookkeeper example mentioned in the other parts, this would be something like, "The bookkeeper will be able to successfully record credit account entries." Objectives are best understood in the context of real-world events. Always include what would occur first to make the employee or student perform the task in question. Then, link the task itself to the desired, real-world result of that task. This helps the student keep what they are learning in perspective. For the previous example, this might be that the entry of the new type of credit account will be made to account for a new service offered to customers, designed to increase sales with repeat customers. The proper entry of the data must be stated as essential to the financial health of the business. The standard of performance should be a set number or figure. It could be a percentage of correct actions, a speed of task performance, or another, measurable metric of performance. In any case, this number should be clearly identified in the objective. For the previous example, this could be that the bookkeeper must learn to make the entries with 100 percent accuracy. For other tasks, the percentage may be lower, but accounting tasks should be as close to perfect as possible. Keep your objective to one sentence. This keeps your objectives concise and easily understandable. Any longer or more complicated tasks can be broken into...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Используйте четкие и прямые фразы. Свяжите цели с реальными событиями. Четко сформулируйте стандартный уровень эффективности. Используйте максимально лаконичные формулировки.


First, read the English article below.

Write out the original matrix M, draw a vertical line to the right of it, and then write the identity matrix to the right of that. You should now have what appears to be a matrix with three rows of six columns each. Recall that the identity matrix is a special matrix with 1s in each position of the main diagonal from upper left to lower right, and 0s in all other positions. For a review of the identity matrix and its properties, see Understand the Basics of Matrices. Your objective is to create the identity matrix on the left side of this newly augmented matrix. As you perform row reduction steps on the left, you must consistently perform the same operations on the right, which began as your identity matrix. Remember that row reductions are performed as a combination of scalar multiplication and row addition or subtraction, in order to isolate individual terms of the matrix. For a more complete review, see Row-Reduce Matrices. Keep repeating linear row reduction operations until the left side of your augmented matrix displays the identity matrix (diagonal of 1s, with other terms 0). When you have reached this point, the right side of your vertical divider will be the inverse of your original matrix. Copy the elements now appearing on the right side of the vertical divider as the inverse matrix.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Единичную матрицу напишите рядом с исходной матрицей. Выполните элементарные преобразования, чтобы из исходной матрицы получить единичную. Продолжайте преобразовывать большую матрицу до тех пор, пока ее левая половина (то есть исходная матрица) не превратится в единичную матрицу. Запишите обратную матрицу.


First, read the English article below.

Write programs that other hackers think are fun or useful, and give the program sources away to the whole hacker culture to use. Hackerdom's most revered demigods are people who have written large, capable programs that met a widespread need and given them away so that now everyone uses them. Any open-source author who's thinking will tell you that good beta-testers (who know how to describe symptoms, localize problems well, can tolerate bugs in a quickie release, and are willing to apply a few simple diagnostic routines) are worth their weight in rubies. Try to find a program under development that you're interested in and be a good beta-tester. There's a natural progression from helping test programs to helping debug them to helping modify them. You'll learn a lot this way, and generate goodwill with people who will help you later on. Another good thing is to collect and filter useful and interesting information into web pages or documents like Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) lists, and make those available. Maintainers of major technical FAQs get almost as much respect as open-source authors. Volunteers run the hacker culture (and the engineering development of the Internet, for that matter). There's a lot of necessary but unglamorous work that needs to be done to keep it going — administering mailing lists, moderating newsgroups, maintaining large software archive sites, developing RFCs and other technical standards. People who do this sort of thing well get a lot of respect, because everybody knows these jobs are huge time sinks and not as much fun as playing with code. Doing them shows dedication. It is not something you'll be positioned to do until you've been around for a while and become well-known for one of the four previous items. The hacker culture doesn't have leaders, exactly, but it does have culture heroes and tribal elders and historians and spokespeople. When you've been in the trenches long enough, you may grow into one of these.  Hackers distrust blatant ego in their tribal elders, so...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Пишите программ с открытым исходным кодом. Помогайте тестировать и отлаживать программы с открытым исходным кодом. Публикуйте полезную информацию. Помогайте поддерживать работу инфраструктуры. Служите самой хакерской культуре.


First, read the English article below.

Write the date at the top of the page, then write the names or company names of both parties in this format: "This contract is between ___ and ___."  If there is identifying information you want to include, such as a title or business designation, include it here. If you are contracting on behalf of a business, include both the business name and the names of the people who are authorized to contract on behalf of the business. This could include names of the CEO, president or director. Clearly describe what services or goods are being exchanged. For example, "Business A agrees to provide 100 sweaters per month to Business B. Business A will charge $20 dollars per sweater for a total of $2,000 to be paid in full by business B within 30 days of delivery."  Use plain language, rather than legalese. If you end up going to court, the judge will adjudicate the case based on how the contract would be interpreted by the average person. Use concise language. It should explain what one business is offering and promising to deliver and what the other business agrees to pay or do in exchange. State exactly what is being sold. If payments are to be made, include acceptable means of making payments (cash, check, or credit card, for example) as well as the amounts that will be due and the due dates. If your business is selling property, provide a legal description of the property and its exact location. The description may pinpoint the location of the subject property within its particular Township, Range and Section. To find the legal description of a property, go to the records office nearest the property. The clerk there can look up the legal description based on the address. Additionally, some property deeds include the legal description. When selling goods or services, describe them in detail. Describe the color, size, make, model, delivery date and any other identifying details. If services are in consideration, indicate what services will be performed. Specify who will perform the services, for whom, where, when, for...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Начните с общей информации. Подробно укажите предмет обмена. При необходимости добавьте раздел о конфиденциальности. Добавьте условия разрешения споров. Добавьте пункт о прекращении действия договора. Убедитесь, что договор заключен в соответствии с законодательством вашей страны. Оставьте последние страницы для подписей сторон и даты подписания договора. Покажите проект договора юристу.


First, read the English article below.

Write the dates of your exams in your calendar. You might want to put a star beside them to indicate their importance. Then, figure out how many days you have left before your exams. Divide the number of days left before exams by the number of subjects you need to prepare for. Now you know how many days you have available to prepare for each subject. Use your textbook and learning materials to determine the specific topic areas within each subject. English Literature, for example, may be broken down into the different books you are studying and then further into chapters, themes, or quotes. Highlight or circle the topics using different colours. Figure out how many topics or sub categories you have for each subject. Then, divide up the time you have for the subject into study blocks for each topic. If you are currently employed, you should review your work schedule for the upcoming weeks. Figure out where you can schedule study-time between your shifts. If you have a lot of upcoming shifts, consider working less so that you have more time for revisions. You need to figure out when your studying may be interrupted by social events or holidays, so that you can plan accordingly. If it looks like there will be a weekend when you are unable to study due to a social obligation, try to put in your revision time beforehand.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Определите время, доступное для подготовки. Создайте учебные блоки для каждой темы. Сверьтесь с рабочим календарем. Просмотрите ближайшие праздники и мероприятия.


First, read the English article below.

Write the larger number above the smaller number. If the smaller number has fewer digits, line them up on the right, as you would in a decimal (base ten) subtraction problem. Some binary subtraction problems are no different than base ten subtraction. Line up the columns and, starting from the right, find the result for each digit. Here are a few easy examples:  1 - 0 = 1 11 - 10 = 1 1011 - 10 = 1001 You only need to know one special "rule" to complete any binary subtraction problem. This rule tells you how to "borrow" from the digit to the left so you can solve a "0 - 1" column. For the rest of this section, we'll set up a couple example problems and solve them using the borrow method. Here's the first: 110 - 101 = ? Starting from the right column (the ones place), we need to solve the problem "0 - 1." In order to do this, we need to "borrow" from the digit to the left (the twos place). This has two steps to it:  First, cross out the 1 and replace it with a 0, to get this: 1010 - 101 = ? You've subtracted 10 from the first number, so you can add this "borrowed" number to the ones place: 101100 - 101 = ? Now each column can be solved as usual. Here's how to solve the rightmost column (the ones place) in this problem:  101100 - 101 = ? The rightmost column is now: 10 - 1 = 1. If you can't figure out how to reach this answer, here's how to convert the problem back to decimal: 102 = (1 x 2) + (0 x 1) = 210. (The sub numbers indicate which base the number is written in.) 12 = (1x1) = 110. Therefore, in decimal form this problem is 2 - 1 = ?, so the answer is 1. The rest of the problem can now be solved easily. Solve it column by column, moving from right to left: 101100 - 101 = __1 = _01 = 001 = 1. Borrowing comes up a lot in binary multiplication, and sometimes you'll need to borrow multiple times just to solve one column. For example, here's how to solve 11000 -  111. We can't "borrow" from a 0, so we need to keep borrowing from the left until we turn it into something we can borrow from:  10110000 - 111 = ...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Запишите двоичные числа друг под другом — меньшее число под большим. Некоторые задачи на вычитание двоичных чисел ничем не отличаются от вычитания десятичных чисел. Рассмотрим более сложную задачу. В первом столбце справа вы получаете разность 0 - 1. Вычтите цифры в правом столбце. Вычтите цифры в оставшихся столбцах. Решите сложную задачу. Проверьте ответ.


First, read the English article below.

Write the name on the middle front portion of the envelope and be sure to leave plenty of space above and below this line. You can include honorific titles like Mr. or Mrs., but it is not required. Postal services generally prefer for all addresses to be written in uppercase or block letters. For example, you may want to print the hotel, business, or department name to ensure the letter reaches the right recipient. Write the apartment or unit number, followed by a hyphen and then a street address. For example, 2-234 Pine St. N Canadian addresses should not include punctuation. It is important to write addresses correctly, because many addresses are read by sorting machines. If it is addressed legibly according to Canada's postal conventions, it will arrive at the destination more quickly. Canadian addresses have specific postal and province codes for different parts of the country. Before writing out the address, you must find out what the specific codes, including the correct abbreviation of the provinces, are. If the person you are writing to hasn’t already given you this information, you can find out by visiting USPS website or the Canada Post website Be sure to write them out in that exact order and place 2 spaces between the province and the postal code. The country name should always be the last line of the address, unless you are already sending your mail from Canada, in which case this line is not necessary. The following is an address correctly written, with the line breaks separated by commas. Rachel Platt, PEARSON EDITORIAL INC., 2-234 Pine St. N, TORONTO ON  M5V 1J2 The return address is necessary so that the recipient knows where to address their response. Be sure to write the address legibly.  Write your return address following the same format. The only difference is the placement, be sure to write it in the upper left hand corner of your envelope. You can also place it in the middle of the back flap of the envelope. If you are writing an American address, do not use periods for abbreviations...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Укажите имя получателя. Заполните остальные адресные строки под именем. Укажите номер квартиры и название улицы в следующей строке. Выясните правильный почтовый индекс и код провинции. Укажите в следующей строке город, провинцию и почтовый индекс. Напишите «Canada» в последней строке. Напишите обратный адрес.


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Write the note on a piece of paper small enough to fit inside the cap of a pen. Roll the paper and place it inside of the pen. Pass it to the receiver. After that, just wait for them to pass the pen back! They can replace your note with another note and pass it back. Just remember to watch the teacher! Take tiny post-it notes and stick them inside the textbook. Write different notes to direct the receiver like, turn to page 3, turn to page 66, until they find the note. It will look like you or the receiver is studying instead of reading the note.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Заранее скажите другу, чтобы он попросил у вас ручку. Оставьте свою записку на определенной странице учебника.


First, read the English article below.

Write the person's full name in the top line of text, near the middle of your envelope. Include their title; this means that you should use "Madame" for a woman and "Monsieur" for a man. "Mademoiselle" is often used for a young, unmarried woman.  You can also use title abbreviations, such as "M." for "Monsieur," "Mme" for "Madame," and "Mlle" for "Mademoiselle." In France, people typically write last names all in capital letters to avoid any possible confusion. For example, you should address your letter to John SMITH instead of John Smith. For example: Mlle Brigitte MENIVIER Write the company's name on the second line, if you are writing a business letter. Exclude this step if it is a personal letter. For example: Firm France. When writing letters to France, the recipient’s address is the only thing that should appear on the front of the envelope – and the postage, of course. Write it in the middle of the envelope, leaving at least 5⁄8 in (16 mm) of blank space between the address and bottom of the envelope for the French post office’s printed bar codes. You should include the recipient’s name (line one), the street address (line two), the postal code followed by the city name (line three), and the country (line four). Be sure to capitalize all proper nouns, like street names and towns.  Here is an example of how the recipient address should look: John SMITH 118 Boulevard Saint-Germain 75006 Paris France When addressing a letter to France, there are a few other things to keep in mind. Each address line can contain a maximum of 38 characters, with a maximum of six overall lines allowed.  Some people prefer to write the street name, city name, and country name in all caps as well, though this is not required. Do not include a comma between the house number and the street name.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Укажите имя адресата в соответствии с правилами французской почты. Напишите адрес получателя на передней части конверта в середине. Изучите дополнительные правила французской почты.


First, read the English article below.

Write the problem as a long-division problem. Just like a simpler division problem, you can start by looking at the smaller number, and asking "Does it fit into the first digit of the larger number?" Let's say you're solving 3472 ÷ 15. Ask "Does 15 fit into 3?" Since 15 is definitely larger than 3, the answer is "no," and we move on to the next step. Since you can't fit a two-digit number into a one-digit number, we'll look at the first two digits of the dividend instead, just like we would in a regular division problem. If you still have an impossible division problem, you'll need to look at the first three digits instead, but we don't need to in this example: Does 15 fit into 34? Yes, it does, so we can start calculating the answer. (The first number doesn't have to fit perfectly, it just needs to be smaller than the second number.) Find out exactly how many times the first number fits into the other. You might know the answer already, but if you don't, try making a good guess and checking your answer with multiplication. We need to solve 34 ÷ 15, or "how many times does 15 go into 34"?  You're looking for a number you can multiply with 15 to get a number less than 34, but pretty close to it:  Does 1 work? 15 x 1 = 15, which is less than 34, but keep guessing. Does 2 work? 15 x 2 = 30. This is still less than 34, so 2 is a better answer than 1. Does 3 work? 15 x 3 = 45, which is greater than 34. Too high! The answer must be 2. If you set this up like a long division problem, this should feel familiar. Since you were calculating 34 ÷ 15, write the answer, 2, on the answer line above the "4." This is the same as a normal long division problem, except we'll be using a two-digit number. Your answer was 2 and the smaller number in the problem is 15, so we calculate 2 x 15 = 30. Write "30" underneath the "34." The last thing you wrote went underneath the original larger number (or part of it). Treat this as a subtraction problem and write the answer on a new line underneath. Solve 34 - 30 and write the answer...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Запишите задачу в формате деления в столбик. Посмотрите на первые две цифры делимого и подумайте, делится ли это число на делитель. Предположите, сколько раз делитель (в нашем случае 15) может уложиться в делимое (в нашем случае 34), и запишите свое предположение. Запишите найденное число. Умножьте предложенное вами число (2) на делитель (в нашем случае 15) и запишите результат под делимым. Вычтите результат умножения из делимого и запишите результат вычитания на следующей (новой) строке. Спустите вниз следующую цифру исходного делимого (так, как вы это делаете при делении в столбик). Чтобы получить следующую цифру частного, повторите шаги, описанные выше (начните с предположения числа). Повторяйте процесс предположение – умножение – вычитание до тех пор, пока не получите в остатке нуль или промежуточный итог меньше делителя. Спустите следующую цифру исходного делимого и повторите описанный процесс. Найдите остаток.


First, read the English article below.

Write them down on paper in dot point form if that helps you to visualize them and play around with them. Simply write whatever comes to your mind, being inspired by the ideas. Then stop. Take a break from the work. Read through the work. Now get to editing it and shaping it into a real piece of writing. From the first tidy-up, things should start getting a lot easier and you'll soon be in the flow.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Соберитесь с мыслями. Начните писать без заранее продуманного плана. Продолжайте писать пока вам нравится то, о чем вы пишите. Вернитесь к работе через какое-то время.


First, read the English article below.

Write them so the 3 is directly above the 2, the 1 is above the 0, the 7 is above the 5, and the 4 is above a blank space. You can write a 0 underneath the 4 if it helps you keep track of which number is above which other number. You can always add zeros in front of a number without changing it. Make sure to add it in front of the number and not after it. Always start from the right. Solve for 3-2, 1-0, 7-5, and 4-0, putting the answer to each problem directly underneath the two numbers in that subtraction problem. You should end up with the answer, 4,211. These numbers are the same length, so you can line them up easily. This problem will teach you something new about subtracting integers, if you didn't know it already. This is 4 - 8. This is tricky, since 4 is smaller than 8, but don't use negative numbers. Instead, follow these steps:  On the top line, cross out the 2 and write 1 instead. The 2 should be directly to the left of the 4. Cross out the 4 and write 14. Do this in a small space so it's clear the 14 is entirely above the 8. You can also just write a 1 in front of the 4 to make it 14 if you have the room. What you just did is "borrow" a 1 from the tens place, or second column from the right, and turn it into 10 in the ones place, or furthest column to the right. one 10 is the same as ten 1s, so this is still the same problem. You should now have a 6 on the far right of the line where your answer will be. This should now be 1 - 1, which equals 0. Your answer so far should be 06. 9 - 5=4, so your final answer is 406. Say you're asked to solve 415,990 - 968,772. You write the second number underneath the first, and then realize the number at the bottom is larger! You can tell this immediately by the first digits on the left: 9 is smaller than 4, so the number beginning with 9 has to be larger. Make sure to line the numbers up correctly before comparing them. 912 is not bigger than 5000, which you can tell if you've lined them up correctly, since the 5 is above nothing at all. You can add leading...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Например, решите 4713 - 502. Двигаясь справа налево, вычитайте нижние цифры из верхних. Теперь решите 924 - 518. Начните с 4 - 8. Теперь вычислите 14 - 8  = 6. Перейдите к следующей паре цифр (слева). Перейдите к следующей паре цифр (слева). Теперь вычтем большее число из меньшего числа. Запишите меньшее число под большим и перед ответом напишите знак «–». Вычтите меньшее число из большего и перед результатом вычитания напишите минус.


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Write with your good hand in the mirror to see how it would look writing with your other hand. This gives you a clear visual cue to the method and helps your brain to picture the same action for your non-dominant hand. Then, practice holding the pen or pencil with your non-dominant hand so that it feels more comfortable. Don’t "claw" your hand. It may be tempting to grasp the pen as tightly as possible, causing your hand to ball up like a claw, but this will only stop you from writing effectively and can end up hurting your hand. This will “introduce” your other hand to the ordinary movements involved in writing in a very easy way. Aim to produce straight lines and clean curves, but don’t worry if you make a lot of mistakes at first. Perform this practice routine for at least 10 minutes a day until you feel comfortable making clean movements.  Your hand may strain at the beginning, but just take a break and try again later. The tension will eventually go away. Be sure to trace out the alphabet using your non-dominant hand in lowercase, uppercase, and cursive letters (if you know cursive). Pin down some paper and start drawing butterflies, vases, symmetrical objects, letters, shapes, and whatnot. Although you may think your writing is awful at first, write a couple of lines every day from the start. You will only get better with practice!  It may be helpful to buy a handwriting book designed for children and follow along with the exercises. Using your non-dominant hand to color in a coloring book is also a good idea. As you do this, pay attention to which letters you struggle with the most and spend some extra time practicing them. Your name will be the writing movement that you’re probably most familiar with, so it’s a very good set of letters to practice on. Try writing out a 3- to 5-sentence paragraph every day to get more comfortable with writing at length with your non-dominant hand. Don't keep writing the same paragraph every day. Write a different one every day so your non-dominant hand doesn't get used...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Держите ручку или карандаш противоположной рукой так же, как и преобладающей. Для начала пропишите алфавит противоположной рукой или обводите буквы по точкам. Переходите к самостоятельному написанию букв и начните рисовать простые фигуры. Тренируйтесь писать свое имя и полные предложения. Обязательно тренируйтесь писать каждый день, чтобы улучшить свои навыки.


First, read the English article below.

Write your feelings down every day or whenever you need a little consolation. Hormones gush through your body during puberty and these can change make your emotions. Read through your journal once a week to see if you notice a lot of ups and downs. Changing emotions can help you tell if you are going through puberty. Some emotions you might notice are:  Feeling uncomfortable with your body's changes. Being sensitive to things people say or do. Having intense emotions such as being very jealous of someone when you didn't care about them before. Having less confidence. Feeling anxious or even depressed.  Being more irritable or angry for no reason. You may have trouble communicating with your parents. Also, you may feel more withdrawn or embarrassed by your parents. Boys also experience similar problems with parents. Wanting to look at and touch your body is a normal part of growing up and going through puberty. You may even be more curious about sex and sexuality as you develop. Explore your body and enjoy masturbation if you want. Both are very normal, common, and nothing about which to be ashamed. They're also a good way to tell you're going through puberty.  Masturbation and touching your own body are completely normal. Neither will make you hair grow on your hands, cause you to go blind or develop emotional problems. It won't make you unable to have kids, either.  Ask a trusted person about your interest in your body and masturbation. Don't be embarrassed, they may have gone through or are experiencing the same feelings! Romantic or sexual feelings are another normal part of being an adult. Notice if you start to have feelings for other people—boys or girls— when you notice other signs of puberty. This can help you further tell if you're going through puberty. Talk to friends, family, or a medical professional if you have questions about attraction, dating, kissing, and sex.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Ведите дневник эмоций. Обратите внимание на то, как вы начали мыслить. Любопытство к своему телу. Примите чувство влечения к другим людям.


First, read the English article below.

Write your name, address, city, and zip code or postcode on the back of the letter. This will ensure that you'll get the letter back if the letter doesn't get to its intended destination. Forever Global Stamps are used to send international letters if you're in the United States. The stamp costs $1.15 and is accepted for all letters that weigh 1 ounce (28,000 mg) or less. You only need 1 Forever Global Stamp for each letter. If your envelope weighs more than 1 ounce (28 g), you should take the letter to the post office. If you don’t live in the United States, take the letter to the post office. Your post office will weigh the letter and tell you how much it costs to send it to England. Depending on where you live, the letter will take anywhere from 1-2 weeks to arrive in England.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Напишите латинскими буквами обратный адрес на задней стороне конверта. Приобретите международную марку. Отнесите письмо в почтовое отделение, если не уверены в цене почтовых расходов. Отправьте письмо в почтовом отделении или опустите его в почтовый ящик.


First, read the English article below.

Write your quadratic function in general form, f(x)=ax2+bx+c{\displaystyle f(x)=ax^{2}+bx+c}. If necessary, you may need to combine like terms and rearrange to get the proper form. Begin with the sample function f(x)=2x2−4x+1{\displaystyle f(x)=2x^{2}-4x+1}. Using basic first-year calculus, you can find the first derivative of the general quadratic function to be f′(x)=2ax+b{\displaystyle f^{\prime }(x)=2ax+b}. For the sample function f(x)=2x2−4x+1{\displaystyle f(x)=2x^{2}-4x+1}, find the derivative as: f′(x)=4x−4{\displaystyle f^{\prime }(x)=4x-4} Recall that derivative of a function tells you the slope of the function at that selected point. The minimum or maximum of a function occurs when the slope is zero. Therefore, to find where the minimum or maximum occurs, set the derivative equal to zero. Continue with the sample problem from above:  f′(x)=4x−4{\displaystyle f^{\prime }(x)=4x-4} 0=4x−4{\displaystyle 0=4x-4} Use basic rules of algebra to rearrange the function and solve the value for x, when the derivative equals zero. This solution will tell you the x-coordinate of the vertex of the function, which is where the maximum or minimum will occur.  0=4x−4{\displaystyle 0=4x-4} 4=4x{\displaystyle 4=4x} 1=x{\displaystyle 1=x} The minimum or maximum value of the function will be the value for f(x){\displaystyle f(x)} at the selected x{\displaystyle x} position. Insert your value of x{\displaystyle x} into the original function and solve to find the minimum or maximum. For the function f(x)=2x2−4x+1{\displaystyle f(x)=2x^{2}-4x+1} at x=1{\displaystyle x=1},  f(1)=2(1)2−4(1)+1{\displaystyle f(1)=2(1)^{2}-4(1)+1} f(1)=2−4+1{\displaystyle f(1)=2-4+1} f(1)=−1{\displaystyle f(1)=-1} The solution gives you the vertex of the maximum or minimum point. For this sample function, f(x)=2x2−4x+1{\displaystyle f(x)=2x^{2}-4x+1}, the vertex occurs at (1,−1){\displaystyle (1,-1)}. The coefficient a{\displaystyle a} is positive, so the function opens upward. Therefore, the minimum value of the function is the y-coordinate of...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Сначала рассмотрим стандартный вид уравнения. Найдите первую производную. Производную приравняйте к нулю. Найдите «x». Полученное значение «x» подставьте в исходную функцию. Запишите ответ.


First, read the English article below.

Writers for travel guides such as Lonely Planet or Fodor's don't make a great deal of money, but the job requires travel to popular and exotic destinations around the world. New writers are often employed for the research, while veteran writers proofread and correct their text.  Writers are forbidden by most companies to disclose the nature of their work to local businesses in order to prevent biasing their perspective. Some guides offer royalties, while others pay a flat rate. Most companies require the author to deduct his travel expenses from his own pay, though this varies according to publisher. Travel magazines, corporate clients, and others hire freelance authors to create content for their publications, websites and blogs.  Use freelance platforms such as Elance.com, Upwork.com or Writeraccess.com to search for travel writing opportunities. If your writing is fast and accurate you might be able to support your travel habit by writing short travel articles for individual websites. While this won't bring in a great deal of money, particularly for the first year or more, the most successful travel bloggers may eventually bring in enough money to support their travel habit. The best travel blogs provide both practical travel information, such as the accessibility of public transportation, and personal experiences, such as relaying the disastrous experience you had riding the bus following a large meal at a restaurant where you didn't speak the language.  Create a theme for your blog and stick to it. Choose a name for your blog that's easy to remember and which reflects the theme. Chose a blogging platform. Wordpress.com is the most popular blogging platform. Use a wide array of social media platforms to promote your blog. Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Tumblr, and others allow every post you create to be cross-posted within the social media network you're connected to. Write about what interests you. You'll want your enthusiasm for travel to be carried to your reader through your words. Once your blog...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Работайте на путеводители. Станьте фрилансером и пишите статьи. Создайте свой собственный блог о путешествиях. Станьте свадебным фотографом.


First, read the English article below.

Writing a book is a significant undertaking that will require a lot of time and energy. Choosing a subject you know and care about will help propel you through the daunting process. Explore your passions and interests when choosing a topic and make sure you have something important to express on the matter.   Choose a genre that you love to read and have explored in depth, whether it’s horror, romance, or political intrigue. Choose a genre that others will find interesting as well. You’ll also find it easiest to write in a genre you’re familiar with, since you’ll have a good grasp of the common tropes and conventions of the genre. If you’re writing non-fiction, make sure that you have a level of expertise and credibility on the subject. You should read other similar books within your genre both before and during your writing process. Read these books with a critical perspective, noting which aspects of the author’s style you like and which you would do differently. Doing this will keep you connected to the reader’s perspective throughout your writing. It will also keep you aware of what has already been said on the subject so you can produce an original work of your own. Make notes while you read so that you can keep track of your reactions and observations. You might keep a notebook or journal on hand as you read, use sticky notes, or start a document on your computer where you can make notes. The plot of your book will likely change as you go through the writing process. Still, it’s good to begin with a rough outline of the major events and points of interest you wish to emphasize. Focus on how your content can be organized to best achieve your book’s purpose, whether it’s to entertain, inform, or titillate your reader. You can take note of valuable plot sub-points, methods of describing imagery, or how the dialogue is developed.  Don’t focus too heavily on chronology or dividing the content into chapters with your initial outline. You can consider these aspects before writing but a general plot outline...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Выберите тему, которая вам очень нравится. Читайте похожие книги. Напишите план сюжета или обрисуйте структуру. Составьте список персонажей или основных событий.


First, read the English article below.

Writing a good philosophy paper takes time and careful planning, so make sure that you begin working on the assignment as soon as possible. Philosophy papers require skillful argument and rational thought, which takes time to develop. Try to begin developing your ideas for your philosophy paper as soon as you get the assignment. Jot down your ideas and use some of your spare time to think about what you want to write about. Before you begin to develop your ideas for the paper, make sure that you have carefully read all of the materials that are related to the assignment. If you read the materials, but do not remember much or do not understand part of what you read, then you should reread the texts before you attempt to work on your paper. Having a solid understanding of the concepts covered in your readings is essential to create an effective paper. Otherwise, your explanation of the philosophy may be flawed or your argument may not hold up. Some professors distribute assignment guidelines while others simply describe the assignment in class. Before you start working on your paper, make sure that you have a clear understanding of what your professor is asking you to do. If any part of the assignment is unclear, ask your professor for clarification. It is important to keep your audience in mind as you plan your paper and as you write your paper. Your professor is your primary audience member and your classmates might also be part of your audience. You can also think of your audience as a person who has some knowledge of philosophy, but who does not have the same understanding as you do. Therefore, if you introduce a special term or concept, you will need to define it for your audience. With philosophy papers, it is best to use quotes from the text only when it is absolutely necessary. The goal of your paper is to explain and evaluate a philosophical argument in your own words. Therefore, you should not rely too heavily on quotes or even paraphrased passages from your sources.  Only use a quote when it is...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Дайте себе немного времени. Прочтите весь необходимый материал. Убедитесь в том, что правильно поняли задание. Подумайте, для какой целевой аудитории вы пишете. Тщательно выбирайте ссылки для текста. Поработайте над тезисом. Разметьте свое эссе по плану.


First, read the English article below.

Writing a novel is a creative process, and you never know when a good idea might come to you. Carry around a notebook and a pen—or the digital equivalent—so you can jot down ideas wherever you go. Scribble down sentences, fragments, single words, or even doodles that will become part of a more complete story.  Don't simply wait for inspiration to come to you, however. Seek out examples of exceptional creativity to help spark your own. Your inspiration doesn't necessarily have to be a book—it can be a TV show, a movie, or even traveling to an exhibition or art gallery. Inspiration comes in infinite forms! Think of something from your own life that has inspired, troubled, or intrigued you—how can you explore this topic more fully in a novel? Not every novel fits neatly into a certain category, but it's helpful to think about your intended genre. Read key books to get a good understanding of how to construct a novel within your preferred genre. If you haven't decided on one genre or are working in more than one, that’s no problem—read widely and create your own genre if you must!  Commercial novels are divided into many genres, including science fiction, mystery, thriller, fantasy, romance, and historical fiction, among others.  Many novels in these genres follow broad formulas and are written in long series. Whatever genre you like or choose to focus on, read as many novels as possible within that genre. This will give you a better sense of the tradition you'll be working in—and how you can add to or challenge that tradition. While you shouldn’t make blanket assumptions about who will and won’t read your novel, put some thought into the most likely readership for your work. That way, you can keep this target audience in mind as you plan, draft, and revise your work.  Your likely audience usually depends on the genre for your novel. Think about popular novels within your chosen genre and who they seem to be targeted toward. You don’t have to aim for exactly the same target, but at least keep this readership in...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Ищите источники  вдохновения. Изучите свой любимый жанр. Составьте представление о целевой аудитории. Развивайте широкий и захватывающий мир романа. Населите мир запоминающимися персонажами. Собирайте сведения Представьте примерный план сюжета. Выберите тип повествования.


First, read the English article below.

Writing about topics that interest not only you, but also your intended audience is an important component of ensuring that people will find you and your jokes funny.  Consider the types of jokes or comedians who make you and your friends or colleagues laugh. Having an idea of jokes that elicit laughter will point the way to finding optimal joke material. It's a good idea to think about material for different situations and audiences so that you can tailor your jokes to them. For example, a joke you deliver to break the ice at a job interview (“How much does a polar bear weigh? Enough to break the ice!”) will not be the same as a joke at a family party (“What did the cake say to the knife? You wanna piece of me?”) You'll want to tailor your jokes for any place or group of people you might encounter. This way, you're more likely to have people understand your joke and laugh at it. Tailoring the material also ensures that you are less likely to offend someone. For example, a joke delivered to a group of medical professionals isn't necessarily appropriate for a group of historians or political scientists.  Topics such as current events, celebrities, or even yourself (known as self-deprecating humor) make excellent joke material.  You can find funny material for jokes in almost every situation. For example: Public figures and their behavior often find themselves the butt of jokes. Comedian Chris D'Elia joked of singer Justin Bieber "You have it all: except love, friends, good parents and a Grammy."  Newspapers, magazines, or even situations in your own life make excellent joke topics. For instance, you could make a joke about having a “black thumb” with plants: “I bought a cactus. A week later it died. And I got depressed, because I thought, Damn. I am less nurturing than a desert.”  Watching famous comedians deliver their jokes during an act is another good source of material. It will also show you how to effectively deliver a joke. There are certain topics that are taboo and probably aren't good material in...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Подумайте над интересным материалом для шуток! Ищите темы для разных ситуаций и слушателей, таким образом, вы сможете рассказывать ваши анекдоты везде и для всех, и люди точно поймут ваши шутки и будут смеяться над ними. Избегайте противоречивых тем, чтобы никого не обидеть!


First, read the English article below.

Writing in a flowery, overly complex way will not make you appear to be more knowledgeable about philosophy. It is better to write in your own voice and use simple, direct language to get your point across. Imagine that you are explaining the concept to a friend and making an argument for why you agree or disagree with this concept. What would you say? What examples would you use?  Try to avoid padding your work with extra words. This makes it hard for your readers to understand what you mean. Look up new words before you used them. If you like to use the thesaurus feature of Word when you write, just make sure that you are looking up the meanings of these words before you include them. The thesaurus does not always provide suggestions that are grammatically correct or equivalent in meaning to the original word. Your introduction is important because it gives readers a first impression of your paper. The introduction is your chance to grab your readers’ attention and to provide a preview of your argument. That is why it is important to use your introduction wisely. Avoid introductions that provide a sweeping overview of your topic, such as “Since the dawn of time…” or “All people everywhere have wondered….” Instead, jump right into the topic. For example, you might lead in with something like, “Aristotle often draws a line between beauty and virtue in his work.” After your introduction, you will need to explain the philosophical argument or concept that you are planning to refute or support. Make sure that you present the philosopher’s ideas in a clear, objective manner.  Do not add or leave out any details that might provide you with an advantage when you start to evaluate the philosophy. Otherwise, your professor may consider your argument to be less effective. Stick to the relevant details of the argument. Do not explain things that you do not plan to argue against in your paper unless they are absolutely necessary for understanding your point. After you have provided a clear explanation of the philosophy,...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Напишите, как бы вы выразили свою точку зрения устно. Наполните введение эссе соответствующими деталями. Объясните свою точку зрения. Обоснуйте свой тезис. Попробуйте предугадать потенциальные попытки оспорить ваше суждение. Красиво завершите свою работу.


First, read the English article below.

Writing in “stages” can help your assignment feel more manageable and help you control your time effectively. Plan to spend about ⅓ of your time and effort on the 3 individual parts of:  Pre-writing: gathering your thoughts or research, brainstorming, and planning the composition Writing: actively writing your composition Editing: re-reading your paper, adding sentences, cutting unnecessary parts, and proofreading When you're first getting started trying to figure out the best way to approach a topic you've got to write about, do some free-writing. No one has to see it, so feel free to explore your thoughts and opinions about a given topic and see where it leads. Try a timed writing by keeping your pen moving for 10 minutes without stopping. Don't shy away from including your opinions about a particular topic, even if your teacher has warned you from including personal opinions in your paper. This isn't the final draft! When you’re first brainstorming for your paper, try to hone in on what you think is the strongest or most interesting idea you have. Start by outlining free-writing about that part, then build outwards to develop ideas for the rest of your paper. Don’t worry about coming up with a polished thesis statement or final argument now; that can come later in the process. Once you've got your main concepts, ideas, and arguments about the topic starting to form, you might consider organizing everything into a formal outline to help you get started writing an actual draft of the paper. Use complete sentences to start getting your main points together for your actual composition. . Your thesis statement will guide your entire composition, and is maybe the single most important part of writing a good composition. A thesis statement is generally one debatable point that you're trying to prove in the essay.  Your thesis statement needs to be debatable. In fact, many thesis statements are structured as the answer to a well-formulated question about the topic. "Romeo & Juliet is an interesting play written by...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Разделите время на три равные части. Пишите все, что вам придет в голову Начните с действительно сильной идеи. Подумайте о написании плана, чтобы организовать свои мысли. Напишите тезисное утверждение


First, read the English article below.

Writing is at the heart of film criticism, because writing is how a film critic conveys their ideas. Make sure you have a sound understanding of organization, grammar, and style. Reading great works of literature, as well as the works of your favorite film critics, is an important step in learning to write well. Formal training in writing is not necessary, but it can help. Many employers, particularly those in mainstream media, look for film critics with a background in journalism or communication. Consider taking writing classes at your school, university, or local community college. Every film critic should offer a unique perspective on cinema that guides their work. This perspective should extend beyond individual films, and instead focus on how film as a whole relates to art, society, or politics. Some critics believe that film can offer guiding wisdom to help people live better lives. Others believe that every film element has a significant symbolic value. To develop your own guiding philosophy, think about what film means to you as an art form and how it relates to life. Be honest in your critiques of films. Don’t bash a film just for dramatic effect. At the same time, don’t be afraid to speak out against a film that other critics have praised. People read film critiques for the ideas and opinions they contain, not for artistic writing style. While your pieces should be well written, avoid using flowery language or technical jargon, which can detract from clarity. While you’ll be constantly offering critiques of others’ work, you should always remain critical of your own. Try to find the weaknesses in your arguments, and address them. A finished critical piece should be the product of multiple drafts.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Научитесь хорошо писать. Развивайте руководящие принципы. Будьте честны. Используйте простой язык. Критикуйте себя.


First, read the English article below.

Writing not only increases your imagination, but also keeps you happy, which increases your optimism. You can also write some poetry or conduct research. You can read classic novels, genre fiction, poetry, or nonfiction. Time spent alone is good time to catch up on some of your reading. Not only is it fun and enjoyable, but it's also self-education and a way to round yourself as a person. You can also listen to audiobooks.  Consider spending some time with classics such as Moby Dick, Romeo and Juliet, The Martian Chronicles, or Great Expectations. Read a genre novel. For sci-fi, try Fahrenheit 451, and for horror, check out Salem's Lot. If you want a fantasy novel, read Harry Potter. Check out some poetry, such as "Charge of the Light Brigade," "Ulysses," "She Walks In Beauty," or "How Do I Love Thee." If you're interested in philosophy, you may want to read works by Socrates, Plato, Nietzsche, Descartes, Aristotle, Kant, Rand, and Marx. No matter what kind of music you like, you can enjoy being alone when you're listening to a great song. Choose music you enjoy or music that brings back memories of certain events. Listening to natural sounds like the sound of the thunder and rain, chirping birds, flowing rivers and such more sounds helps you clear your mind. It helps in relaxing and de-stressing, thus, leaves you happier and more calm when you are alone. If you don't like singing, try dance. It really helps as you get engaged in something and research shows that exercising or dancing releases the bad emotions in person. You could also try out a new instrument, or hone your skills on one you already play. Remember that you aren't doing this for anyone else, it's for yourself, so just let go! Playing computer and video games can actually have positive results! Gaming develops your critical thinking and problem-solving skills and improves your hand-eye coordination. Fitness games can even help you get exercise.Alternatively, you could play tabletop games like Dixit or King of Tokyo. There are games for every...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Пишите рассказы, дневник или блог. Читайте книги ради удовольствия. Слушайте музыку, которая вам по душе. Пойте или играйте на музыкальном инструменте. Играйте в игры, чтобы развить мыслительные способности.


First, read the English article below.

Writing up a weekly meal plan may be one of the most useful things when improving your family's diet.  This will help organize you, make grocery shopping easier and help you stay on track throughout the week.  Spend some time on the weekends, or when you have free time, and write up a rough list of meals that you're going to prepare the next week.  Make sure to include breakfast, lunches, dinners and any snacks. Take a sheet of paper or notebook and write down each day of your week (Sunday through Saturday).  Write in all of your meals, what day you're going to the grocery store and what day you plan on spending time doing some meal prep. After this is done, write up the corresponding grocery list.  This will help you stay on track, buy only what you need and cut down on unnecessary trips to the store throughout the week. Another helpful way to get quick, nutritious meals on the table is to do meal prep prior to your week.  Just a little time on the weekends can save you hours during the week.  An example of one day of planned meals may look like:  Breakfast:  fruit and yogurt parfaits with low-fat granola; Lunch:  almond butter and sliced apple sandwiches on whole wheat bread; Snack:  1/3 cup trail mix; Dinner:  grilled chicken and pepper fajitas with a tossed garden salad. In addition to quick meals, studies have shown that children's food choices are healthier and more nutritious if they have parents that meal prep and cook more often at home.  Sometimes, healthier, nutritious foods require a little more prep work to get on the table.  Many processed foods can be eaten right out of the package or only require a quick microwave or time in the oven. Meal prep ideas:  cut and wash all fruits and vegetables.  Place prepared items in sealed bags or containers until you're ready to cook them.  You can also pre-cook proteins like fish, chicken or pork and leave items in sealed containers to reheat when you're ready to use them. If you can, also save yourself time by purchasing ready-to-cook items.  For example,...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Составьте меню на неделю. Приготовьте еду на неделю. Ешьте нежирный белок с большинством приемов пищи. Ешьте цельнозерновые злаки, если у вас есть возможность выбирать. Ешьте больше овощей. Готовьте вместе с семьей. Всегда готовьте полезную еду.


First, read the English article below.

Writing your life’s story can tell you a lot about who you are as well as how you view your life’s challenges, joys, opportunities, and struggles. Writing out your personal story can give you insight into what you have learned through your experiences and how those experiences have affected you. In this way, you can analyze how your experiences helped shape who you are, which encompasses your values, attitudes, beliefs, biases, reactions, and the way you interact with your world. Once you’ve written the story of your life, analyze yourself by asking the following questions:  What are the themes that are present in your story? Are you always being saved or are you the person who saves others? Does your story have a theme of helplessness or ability? Is your story a love story, a comedy, a drama, or something else? If you titled your story, what would the title be? Divide your story into chapters. Why are the chapters divided where they are? What changed? What did you learn? What are the titles of your chapters? Did you label yourself in your story? Did you label others? What do those labels mean to you and what do they say about how you see yourself, others, and the world? What kinds of words do you use to describe yourself, others, and the world? What do these descriptive words tell you about your story and how you lived it? Once you write your story, you need to decide what it means. The interesting thing about writing your own story for analysis, which is called narrative therapy, is that is shows you what you think is important or crucial to your existence. It showcases those moments in your life that you feel are important or worth note. It also shows you how you view yourself and the trajectory of your life so far. For example, if you write your life as a drama, you may feel that your life is more dramatic and intense. If you wrote it as a comedy, you may think your life has been fun and upbeat to this point. If you wrote your life as a love story, maybe you are a hopeless romantic who either has great...

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Напишите свою историю. Проанализируйте свою историю. Разберите свой анализ. Помните, что на все нужно время.


First, read the English article below.

XML files are encoded in plaintext, so you can open them in any text editor and be able to clearly read it. This will display a list of programs to open the file in. These are the pre-installed text editors for each operating system, and should already be on the list.  If they aren't on the list, you'll need to browse for them. Notepad is located at %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe, and TextEdit can be found in your Applications folder. You can use more advanced code editors like Notepad++ or TextMate as well, which can be useful for syntax highlighting and advanced editing. You can still see all of the information using a simple text editor. Your XML file will open in your text editor. The complexity of the file is dependent on what it was created for. Use the tag labels to find the information you are looking for. Generally the labels will be fairly self-explanatory, allowing you to browse through the data and find the information you need.  You'll likely see <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> at the top. This indicates that the following content is in XML format. XML uses custom tags to house pieces of data. Each of these tags are created for whatever program is using it, so there is no common syntax to the markup labels. For example, one XML file may have a <body></body> section, and other might have <message_body></message_body>, but both may function similarly. Tags can be nested inside other tags, creating a tree. For example, Each <note></note> tag may have several tags inside, such as <title></title> and <date></date>.

Now, please write a short abstract for it in Russian. Abstract:

Найдите XML-файл, который вы хотите открыть. Щелкните правой кнопкой мыши по XML-файлу и выберите «Открыть с помощью». Выберите «Блокнот» (Windows) или «TextEdit» (Mac OS). Понимание текста, отображенного на экране.