The sooner you can catch the infection the better, as that way you can start medical treatment and hygienic prevention measures at home as soon as possible. Common signs and symptoms include:  Itching and irritation around the anus Potential signs of irritation or infection on the skin around the anus (particularly in children, who are more likely to scratch there which can lead to an infection from broken skin) Difficulty sleeping (due to anal itchiness) Irritability (from itchiness and poor sleep) Sometimes vaginal itchiness or irritation in girls (as on rare occasions the female worm can enter the vagina rather than the anus). " If you suspect you or someone in your household may have threadworms, contact your doctor as soon as possible. As previously mentioned, rapid diagnosis and treatment is key to getting rid of the infection as soon as possible. For a tape test, the doctor will ask you to take a piece of cellophane tape and press the stick-side against the skin surrounding the anus. Remove the tape and put it in a plastic bag and give it to your doctor, who will check under the microscope for the presence of eggs. Eggs can only be visualized under the microscope. A test positive for eggs is diagnostic for a threadworm infection.  Do the tape test first thing in the morning, before showering or using the toilet. Make sure you wear gloves and wash your hands thoroughly to avoid spreading the eggs. Don't let the tape touch anything, either! It is key to understand that if you are in the same household as someone diagnosed with threadworms, you will be advised to take the medication (and to practice the hygienic measures) without needing to be formally diagnosed with threadworms. This is because your risk is high enough, so it is better to be safe than sorry and the benefits of treatment far outweigh the risks.

TL;DR in Russian:

Распознайте симптомы заражения глистами. Возьмите пробу с анального отверстия (с помощью клейкой ленты). Начните лечение, если вы живете в одном доме с зараженным глистами человеком.


The sooner you can formulate a moving plan, and start packing and moving your boxes, the better. Trying to pack your entire household in a day or two isn’t advisable and sure to cause much undue stress. If you have a plan for moving, it will not only make the process go more quickly, but it will help you remain calm.  Setting goals for each day is a good idea. For example, you could pack the living room on Monday, the bathroom on Tuesday, and the bedroom on Wednesday.  Having other organizational structures will support your plan. For example, designate white trash bags for items you’re taking on the move, and black trash bags for trash. This will keep you from throwing away what you need or digging to figure out what you’ve packed in these bags. Having an assortment of moving supplies on hand, from different sized boxes to packing tape, will keep you from having to make unnecessary trips to the store for materials.  Essential supplies for moving are: a variety of small, medium and large packing boxes; packing tape; permanent markers for identifying box contents; box labels or colored tape for coding the contents of your boxes; packing material such as bubble wrap or newspaper; and furniture pads.  Sandwich bags are an excellent option for packing small parts.  Plastic wrap such as Glad Press n’ Seal will allow you to seal clothing in drawers so that you don’t have to pack them in a separate box.  Renting a dolly from a moving company such as UHaul will help you move large furniture and stacks of multiple boxes quickly. Companies such as PODS offer transportable storage units. The company will drop off the pod, pick it up when you’re ready, and then deliver it to your new home. This method allows you to move boxes as you pack them and give you access for more than a day, which is a disadvantage of a moving van or truck. Getting rid of anything you don’t want or need in your new home will also help you move more quickly. Goodwill or other charities such as the Salvation Army will pick up any items you would...

TL;DR in Russian:

Начните как можно раньше. Составьте план. Соберите все необходимое для переезда. Аренда контейнера. Выбросьте или пожертвуйте лишние и ненужные вещи. Выберите место или определенную комнату для упаковки вещей. Сфотографируйте электротехнику. Попросите помощи у семьи и друзей. Соберите самое необходимое на первые несколько дней. Собирайте комнаты поочередно. Сложите однотипные вещи вместе. Пометьте коробки цветами или ярлыками. Сложите коробки в грузовик или контейнер. Сфотографируйте пустое помещение. Рассмотрите транспортную компанию только для перевозки.


The sooner you can treat a blemish, the more likely it can be removed. Sprinkle a thin layer of salt on the dirtied area. Blot the area lightly with soda water, dish soap, and a clean, white cloth. If possible, rinse the fabric from the reverse side of the stain.  Avoid using too much pressure or a scrubbing motion when spot cleaning. This can entrench the blemish deeper into the fabric. Spot cleaning will cut down on the wear and tear of machine washing and drying, preserving the condition of your jeans for longer. Only wash your white jeans with other white clothing. If your jeans are lightly dirty, use a cold cycle. Jeans that need a more thorough cleaning will benefit from a warm cycle. Avoid fabric softener and bleach. Wash the jeans in a white brightening detergent.  Bleach can cause some jeans to yellow. Additionally, this harsh cleaner may cause your jeans to deteriorate more quickly. To best protect against yellowing, after washing your jeans in detergent, run them through another rinse cycle. High heat can also cause your white jeans to yellow. When machine drying white jeans, only use a low heat cycle. Air dry your jeans to avoid the damaging heat of a dryer. Hanging jeans in sunlight can also have a lightening effect on blemishes.

TL;DR in Russian:

Удалите пятна с джинсов. Постирайте джинсы в стиральной машине. Высушите джинсы при низкой температуре или развесьте их сушиться на воздухе.


The sooner you choose a date, the sooner you can get started with planning other elements of the party.  Consult with the person whose birthday it is to determine a good day for the party. Check their schedule and take note of any holidays around that time. Keep in mind that many people travel for different holidays. It is advisable to host the party on a weekend. More people will be willing and able to come if it is on a weekend, because many people do not have to work on the weekends. Appropriate times will vary based on who the party is for and the age of that person.  If you are throwing a birthday party for a child, host it in the late morning or early afternoon. This is most convenient for families. If you are throwing a party for an adult, then an evening party is appropriate. Parties can easily consume a great deal of money, so it is important to come up with a budget and stick to it.  Come up with an overall budget, meaning a total amount that you want to spend on the birthday party. Most people believe that a budget up to £200-300 is reasonable, and many feel keeping party costs under £150 is completely doable.  Break down each element of the party (e.g. invitations, food, drink, decorations, venue) and decide how much should be spent in each area. There are a few reasons for doing this.  A guest list will help you ensure that no one is forgotten when sending out invitations. It will aid you in deciding where to hold the party. A guest list of 12 people means you could host the party in someone's home, if you wanted to do so, but a guest list of 50 people will likely need to be held somewhere else. This will eliminate the risk of people the birthday person does not want attending showing up to the party. Having a number of guests in mind enables you to determine how much food and drink will need to be provided, if you are doing that yourself or having it catered. This involves knowing the individual for whom the party is being thrown.  Take into consideration what the birthday person wants. If...

TL;DR in Russian:

Выберите дату для торжества. Выберите время для приема гостей. Определитесь с бюджетом для торжества. Составьте список приглашенных. Подберите место, где вы будете отмечать день рождения.


The sooner you introduce your baby to the breast, the better your chances of having the baby accept and effectively breastfeed. It will also immediately prompt your body to begin the process of producing milk. Having your baby nearby encourages the stimulation of important maternal hormones that promote milk production.  If you give birth in a hospital, request that the staff either allow your baby to remain in your room or be brought in every 1 to 2 hours–even overnight–for feeding. Do not allow hospital staff to supplement your breastfeeding with sugar water or infant formula unless the baby has a medical need for additional calories, suffers from a feeding problem, or you are temporarily physically unable to attempt to breastfeed. Do not offer pacifiers and instruct medical staff at the hospital that you do not want the baby offered pacifiers or bottles. The more frequently you bring the baby to your breast to try to feed, the more your body will receive signals to produce milk and the more accustomed your baby will become to sucking effectively, which encourages the production and let-down of milk.

TL;DR in Russian:

Постарайтесь приложить ребенка к груди сразу после родов. Постарайтесь, чтобы малыш был с вами в одной палате, или чтобы его регулярно приносили на кормление. Предлагайте малышу грудь каждый раз, когда он хочет есть.


The sooner you recognize the signs of an attack, the better chance you have of controlling it. Panic attacks can come on suddenly through “triggers,” but have clear patterns.  People who get panic attacks usually feel a sense of fear, danger, doom, or loss of control. You may feel detached – that is, like things around you aren’t real. How do you feel right before an attack? This can tip you off: rapid heart rate, sweating, shaking, trouble breathing, and even chills or dizziness. For many people, panic disorder comes along with other fears, like being in closed spaces (called “claustrophobia”). You might get an attack from fear of a closed space, reliving a scary event, or seeing a certain person. These can be “triggers.” Your first reaction is to flee. But in most cases, it’s better to stay where you are until the attack passes.  Unless it is unsafe, stay put while the attack occurs. If you’re in a car, try to have the driver pull over and stop. Trying to run from your triggers can lead to what’s called “phobic avoidance,” which can be really harmful. People who have lots of attacks often get something called “agoraphobia.” Doctors used to think this was a fear of public places. But we now know it occurs when people avoid being in public from fear of an attack or being embarrassed. Instead of running, remind yourself that your fear will pass. Focus on a non-threatening or visible object, for example, like items in a shop window or the moving hands on a clock until you feel the panic subside.  If you can, recite something in your head like a favorite poem, a mantra, or the times-tables. This will distract you from what triggered the attack in the first place. You can also try to imagine something calm, like a place or situation that makes you peaceful, relaxed, and positive. It could be your grandma’s house or by the seaside. Try to focus on your breathing, as well. You’ll take short and shallow breaths in a panic, which can actually make your feelings of anxiety worse. Slow your breaths; breathe deeply. ...

TL;DR in Russian:

Изучите признаки панической атаки. Не двигайтесь. Сосредоточьтесь на чем-то другом. Замедлите дыхание. Переборите страх, но не пытайтесь противиться атаке.


The sooner you start fighting the stain, the better your chances will be of getting it out. If you have wet paint on your clothes, take them off right away and attempt to wash the paint out. If you can't take your clothes off, try washing the stain out with them still on. This is better than waiting to deal with the stain and allowing the paint to dry. Many fabric paints are set by heat, which means they do not fully harden until they are heated, usually by an iron. To avoid setting the paint while you are trying to remove it, do not apply heat of any kind to your clothing until the stain is 100% removed.  Do not use hot water when washing your clothes. Do not put them in the dryer or use a hair dryer to dry the area you washed unless you're sure the stain is really gone. If your fabric paint does not set with heat, you may use hot water when rinsing the stain out, but be sure to read the bottle thoroughly to make sure. If you got a large amount of paint on your clothing and not all of it has absorbed into the fabric, remove as much of it as you can before you start washing it. This will help prevent the paint from spreading to clean sections of the fabric.  To remove paint from the surface of the fabric, try blotting it up with a paper towel or gently scraping it off with a putty knife. Try not to rub the paint into the fabric as you do this. Once you've gotten as much paint off of the surface of the fabric as possible, bring your garment to the sink and run the stained area under water until the water runs clear. It's best to do this from the clean side of the fabric in order to avoid accidentally rubbing the paint into your clothing.  Remember to use cold water to avoid setting the stain. Always read the care instructions before you start washing your fabric. If tag on your garment says that dry cleaning is required, do not attempt to wash out the stain. Once the stain has been thoroughly flushed, apply some detergent to the affected area and scrub. For the best results, use one part detergent and one part...

TL;DR in Russian:

Приступайте к делу немедленно. Не допускайте воздействия тепла. Соберите невпитавшуюся краску. Промойте пятно. Постирайте вручную с порошком. Постирайте в машинке. Профессиональная чистка.


The sooner your doctor diagnoses shingles, the better. (Sorry, self-diagnosis is not recommended.) Patients who start a course of drug treatment within three days of symptoms see better results than patients who wait longer than three days to start treatment. Most treatments for shingles are not very elaborate. They involve treating the symptoms of the rash while managing the patient's pain. Your doctor may ask you to try the following:  An antiviral medicine, like acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), famciclovir (Famvir), in order to dull the pain of the rash and make it last shorter Over-the-counter NSAIDS such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or acetaminophen to manage pain Certain topical antibiotics to prevent infection and spread of any rash or blisters Your doctor may diagnose postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). In order to treat this chronic condition that 15 out of every 100 shingles patients experiences, you doctor may give you:  Antidepressants (PHN is often associated with depression, as certain daily activities become painful and/or difficult to do). Topical anesthetics, including benzocaine (available OTC) and lidocaine patches (available by prescription only). Anticonvulsants, as some studies show that these drugs may help with chronic nerve pain. Opoids, such as codeine, to help reduce chronic pain. Although you should never let shingles go untreated, there are a number of things you can do at home to combine with doctor's orders. These include:  Don't cover or itch the rash or blisters too much. Let the rash and blisters breathe, even as they scab over. If the pain keeps you from sleeping, it's acceptable to wrap the rash in a sports bandage.  Icing the shingles for 10 minutes, with 5-minute breaks in between, for several hours. Afterward, dissolve some aluminum acetate (Domeboro) in water and apply using a moist compress to the rash. Have your pharmacist mix a salve. Ask your pharmacist to mix together 78% calamine lotion with 20% rubbing alcohol, 1% phenol, and 1% menthol. Apply this salve to your...

TL;DR in Russian:

Срочно обратитесь к врачу. Поговорите с врачом о лечении сыпи и снятии боли. Если вы испытываете хроническую боль после того, как лишай прошел, обратитесь к врачу за повторным диагнозом. Используйте домашние средства наряду с медикаментозным лечением. Следите, не ухудшается ли ваше состояние.


The sour smell of the vinegar will only last 10 to 15 minutes before it starts to eliminate the odors. Leave the bowls for 6 to 12 hours for best results. Fill a saucepan with 1 part water and 1 part vinegar. Place orange and lemon peels in the water to create a more pleasant scent. Simmer the mixture for 1 to 2 hours. Turn off the stove and allow the pot to sit overnight. Dispose of the mixture in the morning.

TL;DR in Russian:

Если ваша кухня заполнена запахами пищи, разместите на ней 3 чашки с уксусом. В случае резких запахов разогрейте уксус на кухонной плите.


The southern shagbark grows in limestone soils. Its leaflets are jagged-edged and come to sharp points, and grow 5 to a rachis. Shagbark twigs are thick and brown, and the bark is scaly and raised at the edges, giving it a shaggy appearance. The fruit of the shagbark, which grows to between 1.2 inches (3 cm) and 2 inches (5 cm) long, is oval and round, and is covered in a thick, dark husk. The shagbark nut meat is sweet. This species grows in moist forest, also called steam banks. The leaflets, which grow 9 to a rachis, are broad and smooth around the edges. The bitternut hickory fruit grows to be between 0.8 inch (2 cm) and 1.6 inches (4 cm) long, and is enclosed in a thin, dark brown husk. The kernel is bitter, as the plant's name suggests. Bitternut twigs are slender and green, and have distinctive yellow buds. The bark of a bitternut is light grayish-brown, and does not split deeply enough to flake. Pignut hickory trees grow on broad ridges. Their leaves consist of 5 sharply pointed, serrated edged, dark green and shiny leaflets on a short rachis. The thin pignut husk is light brown, and the round fruit, which grows to be about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long by 0.8 inch (2 cm) wide, is a similar light brown. Twigs are slender and a dark purple to a light green. The bark of a pignut is deeply recessed and scaly, but does not flake at the plate edges. The shellbark grows in wet, bottomland forests. Its leaflets are waxy and medium green, and come at least 9 to a rachis. At between 1.8 inches (4.5 cm) and 2.6 inches (6.5 cm) long and 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) wide, the fruit of the kingnut is the largest of the hickory species, and is enclosed by a thick, dark brown husk. The kingnut produces a sweet kernel. The twigs are thick, with round bulbs. The bark of the kingnut forms long, narrow vertical scales, which peel off from the top and bottom. The red hickory grows on slopes and forest ridges. Its leaflets are green and red, slender and tapered, and grow 5 or more to a rachis. The edges of the red hickory leaflets are...

TL;DR in Russian:

Распознаем южное яйцевиднолистное  гикори (кария северо-каролинская). Распознаем горькое гикори (кария сердцевидная). Распознаем  земляной каштан гикори (кария голая). Распознаем большое косматое гикори (кария бахромчатая). Распознаем красное гикори (кария овальная). IРаспознаем дерево простое яйцевиднолистное гикори (кария яйцевидная). Гикори песчаное (бледная кария). Распознаем Гикори войлочное (кария белая).


The speaker spent relatively little time on credentials or bragging. The speaker just said who he is and where he is from. "My name is  Peter Gibbons, I work at Initech as a manager in the IT department." Then quickly moved to into telling the audience why they are there. This is similar to the style found in the Teaching Seminar section. The speaker made an effort to engage the audience,"I am sure you are all familiar with". This is also similar to the style found in the Teaching Seminar section. The speaker told the audience quickly why the seminar is worth listening to. This was done by presenting a shared problem to be solved, "trying to balance productivity with employee morale" and promising a solution with his product, "Today I am going to share with you a new cover sheet system that can improve both productivity and morale." Setting up a problem you promise to solve is a method unique to the Persuasive Seminar style. Now that you have decided  you are giving a Persuasive Seminar and identified your goals, it is time to craft your own introduction. You can use the above example as an outline when writing your own. Of course you will have to customize it for your own unique background, qualifications and goals. Remember in your Persuasive Seminar self-introduction to emphasize your shared experiences and be sure to tell them early what problems you can solve for them. Once written, rehearse your introduction for friends or colleagues. Enlist their honest feedback before the big day. Rewrite and re-rehearse your introduction as needed based on feedback.

TL;DR in Russian:

Отметьте важные моменты в приведенном примере: Напишите свое вступление. Потренируйтесь.


The spindle will run over the mouth of the well, and can support a small bucket to make your wishing well look more like a real one. You may use a strong, 1" (25 mm) thick dowel, but since these are difficult to find, consider using a length of 1 x 1 (25 x 25 mm) lumber instead. Cut this to a length that can extend across the full outer diameter of the well, plus at least an additional 6 inches (15 cm).  The spindle will need to fit through holes in the roof supports. If you are building an extra-small wishing well, you may need to use a smaller spindle. You'll need a similar piece about 6 inches (15 cm) long for the handle, so save the scraps from cutting. Drill holes large enough to fit the spindle. Choose a location high up on the roof support, but below the roof, and measure from the well edge to make sure the two holes are at the same height. Push the spindle through the holes. Using the scraps of lumber from this project, cut out two washers a bit larger than the spindle. For most wells, square or round washers 1.5" (38 mm) across (and any thickness) will work. Drill a hole 1" (25 mm) in diameter through each washer. Push a washer onto each end of the spindle, until it is flat against the frame. Use wood glue to attach the washers and frame. Cut a rectangle of lumber about 2" x 3" (5 x 7.5 cm), and drill two 1" (25 mm) holes into it. Place one hole onto the spindle and attach it using wood glue. Cut a piece of dowel or lumber about 6 inches (15 cm) long, using the same size of lumber you used for the spindle. Stick this handle through the remaining hole on the rectangle, and attach with wood glue. You can now turn the spindle by rotating this handle. Select a mug, cup, or small bucket that you don't mind exposing to an outdoor environment. Tie a short length of rope onto the handle, and tie the other end onto the spindle. Use a strong glue to fasten the rope permanently to the spindle, allowing you to raise or lower the bucket. A tightly made barrel wit a bottom can hold water, but keep in mind that...

TL;DR in Russian:

Сделайте ворот. Просуньте ворот сквозь подпорки. Закрепите ворот самодельными шайбами. Сделайте ручку. Привяжите чашку к вороту. Налейте воды (не обязательно).


The spinet piano is the smallest type of piano commonly seen in homes. Manufactured from the 1930s on through the end of the 20th century, a spinet piano's compact size is achieved by clever engineering of the key mechanisms inside. Spinet pianos are not very tall, topping out at about 3 feet (0.9 m) in height, and they are generally 58 inches (147.3 cm) long, the same as other types of upright piano. Despite their relatively small size, they usually weigh at least 300 pounds, making the job of moving them a team effort not to be undertaken lightly. Have a clear route from start to finish in mind before you begin to move the piano, and communicate it to everyone who is helping you move.  Using a tape measure, ensure that the spinet will fit through every door or opening you plan to move it through.  If the piano is being moved out of the house to a moving truck, have the truck open and any moving ramps deployed in advance of the move, and plan to move the piano before any other, lighter furniture so that there is plenty of room for your team to maneuver it into place. For safety reasons, one person per 100 pounds is recommended for this and all upright piano moves. This may work out to more people than are strictly needed, but extra personnel can help in other ways (such as opening doors), and can step in should somebody start to get worn out. Lock down the spinet's lid and the keyboard lid, if there is one. Wrap the piano in thick blankets or special moving blankets and use packing tape to secure the blankets around the piano. This will prevent scuffing on the finish and corners. A spinet's low profile makes for a relatively easy move. Using as much help as you deem necessary, have each person lift up a different part of the piano at the same time. Be sure that everyone is lifting from firmly underneath the body of the piano. In small, measured steps, walk the piano to its destination. Never move the piano more than a few feet without stopping to reset your grip.

TL;DR in Russian:

Спинет – это самое маленькое пианино, которое часто можно встретить у кого-то дома. Распланируйте ваш маршрут. Подготовьте пианино. Перевезите пианино.


The spiral end of the extractor goes into the hole. You can tap it with a hammer to make sure it’s in there, but don’t force it. The loose end should have a tap handle, which looks like a T, for you to hold onto. Twist the extractor counterclockwise until you can’t turn it anymore. Grip the top of the extractor with a wrench. Continue to twist it counterclockwise until the screw pops free. Many extractors are designed to work with drills. Attach the free end of the extractor to the drill and turn on the drill to turn the screw counterclockwise. It’ll come out without much resistance.  When using the extractor with a drill, make sure the drill is set to rotate in reverse! If the screw is stuck, rigorously twist the extractor in both directions to break it loose. If you have a propane or butane torch, lightly heat the screw for a minute or two. This can only be done if you’re working with non-flammable materials such as metal. Try the screw extractor again. The heat expands the metal, making it easier to pull out. Regular pliers may work, but clamping pliers keep a better grip on the screw. Twist the screw and try to pull it out. Heat also helps here in making the screw easier to pull out.  You might also be able to drill further into the screw to weaken or break it. Be careful to avoid damaging the material around the screw. Screw-extracting pliers can be purchased at your local hardware store and are meant for removing screws.

TL;DR in Russian:

Вставьте спиральный конец вывертки в просверленное отверстие. Поверните экстрактор с помощью гаечного ключа или дрели. Нагрейте винт, если тот застрянет. Вытяните винт плоскогубцами.


The spool pin is a piece on your sewing machine that holds the thread while you wind the bobbin. It will be a cylindrical piece that fits the hole in the spool of thread. The spool pin is commonly located on the top or side of the machine. The spool pin should fit through the center of your thread.  If it has a spool cap, place that on top of the thread to hold it in place. If your machine’s spool pin is on top of the machine, it may not have a spool cap. Your machine will have a small metal piece that will convey the thread as it’s wound around the bobbin. This piece should be near the thread guide and will look like a tiny knob.

TL;DR in Russian:

Найдите штырек для катушки. Установите катушку на штырек. Найдите дисковый натяжитель нити.


The spray will make it easier to release the cakes from the cups when they're baked. You can also use molds or ramekins, for a fancier touch. You may even want to lightly dust the insides of the molds with white sugar. You won't be needing the cups for serving, so it doesn't matter if they don't look incredibly fancy. You can use a bit of butter instead of the baking spray if you choose. You can line the sheet with aluminum to catch any stray bits of chocolate that might drip onto it. Place the butter and chocolate in a large bowl and heat it up on high until the butter is completely melted. You can use semisweet chocolate, bittersweet chocolate, or even a mixture of the two, for a unique flavor. However, it's best to either use semisweet on its own or use a half and half mixture. Once the butter is melted, just whisk the mixture until the chocolate is melted, too. You can also melt the butter and chocolate in a double-boiler over simmering water instead. A medium-sized saucepan will also do the trick.

TL;DR in Russian:

Разогрейте духовку до 425 º F (220 º C). Сбрызните четыре чашечки для выпекания спреем для выпечки. Положите чашечки на противень. Растопите масло и шоколад в микроволновке за 1 минуту.


The squares need to be about 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) larger than the base of your bottle. Use a ruler to make the squares even. If you are a child making this project, ask an adult to help you with this step. If you need to, trim the dowels down. If you can't find any dowels, glue three wooden skewers together; this counts as one dowel. You will need 12 skewers total. You can use acrylic paint or spray paint. They can all be one color, or even different colors. Make sure that you paint the edges of your cardboard squares as well. Cover the bottom of your sand timer with glue, and press it into the middle of the first cardboard square. Cover the top of your sand timer with glue, and press the other cardboard square on top. You can use any type of thick glue for this: school glue, wood glue, hot glue, or epoxy. Place a drop of glue on the bottom of the first dowel. Press the dowel into the corner of the bottom square. Place a drop of glue on top of the dowel, and slide it under the top square. Make sure that the dowel is as straight as possible. Repeat this step for the other three dowels. You can leave your sand timer plain, or you can decorate it further. Here are some ideas to get you started:  Wrap some ribbon around the dowels. Cover the edges of the cardboard squares with glitter glue. Draw designs on the top and bottom cardboard square using glitter glue. Let the glue dry before you do the other side. Glue one some plastic rhinestones or jewels along the dowels. Add on some glow-in-the-dark star stickers on the top and bottom cardboard squares.

TL;DR in Russian:

Начертите на листе картона два больших квадрата. Вырежьте квадраты из картона с помощью ножниц или ножа для резки. Найдите четыре деревянных стержня такой же высоты, что и ваши песочные часы. Покрасьте картон и стержни и подождите, пока краска высохнет. Приклейте по одному картонному квадрату ко дну каждой бутылки и подождите, пока клей высохнет. Закрепите деревянные стержни между картонными квадратами. Украсьте свои песочные часы.


The staff is the set of 5 parallel lines on the page where notes are marked. The clef is the very first marking on the staff, at the left-hand side of the first staff line. This signifies the musical register in which you play. Violins only play in treble clef. This is the marking that resembles an &. Each note is a round circle on a line or in a space on the staff. The notes in the spaces, from bottom to top, are F, A, C and E. The notes on the lines, from bottom to top, are E, G, B, D, and F.  Notes below or above the staff are marked with a round circle and a horizontal line going through the middle of the note. If there are flats (b) or sharps (#), these may be marked next to a note. They may also be marked next to the treble clef. For example, if a sharp is placed on the F line, this means that every F played in a given musical piece will be played as an F#. An open string means that it is not pressed with a finger when it's played. There are four open string notes on a violin: G, D, A and E. These strings are in order from thickest to thinnest string, or left to right when holding the violin in playing position. On sheet music, these notes are often marked with a 0. In order to play more notes than just G, D, A and E, you will need to press strings with your fingers. The fingers on your left hand are numbered 1 to 4. Your index finger is 1, your middle finger is 2, your ring finger is 3 and your pinky finger is 4. When a note is displayed on beginning violin sheet music, it will be accompanied by a number, 0 to 4. The 0 is an open note, while the other numbers correspond to a particular finger that will press a string. The notes on each string will ascend in tone as you place another finger down on the string.  Start by drawing your bow across the D string without pressing it down. This will play a D note. Place your index finger on the D string and play. You are now playing the next note up on the D scale, or C#. Play the next three notes on the D scale by placing your middle, then ring, then pinky...

TL;DR in Russian:

Найдите нотный стан и ключ. Выучите ноты. Выучите ноты, которые находятся на открытых струнах. Пронумеруйте ваши пальцы. Выучите аппликатуру для струн. Перемещайте вашу руку вверх и вниз по грифу скрипки, когда указаны римские цифры. Играйте двойные ноты, когда изображены две ноты вертикально.


The stakes should be about 1 yard (91 cm) apart. You can use any star for this, although you’ll probably want to pick one of the brighter stars.  Earth’s rotation from west to east causes the stars in the sky, as a whole, to rotate from east to west. Which way the star has moved with respect to its original position where you sighted it tells you which direction you’re facing.  If the star rose, you’re facing east. If the star sank, you’re facing west. If the star moved to the left, you’re facing north. If the star moved to the right, you’re facing south.

TL;DR in Russian:

Воткните в землю два колышка. Выберите любую звезду, которую видно на ночном небе. Выровняйте звезду с верхушками обоих колышков. Подождите, пока звезда выйдет из выровненного положения с колышками.


The standard Battleship game set comes with two boxes, one for each player. Each box opens to reveal two grids, one on each inside surface. If your game set does not include two boxes, plenty of red and white pegs, and at least six ship pieces, it will be difficult to use. Try playing on graph paper instead, as described below, or finding an online version of the game. Ships come in various lengths, taking up a different number of squares on the grid. The two players should have identical collections of ships.  The following is the typical list, but if you don't have all the pieces, just make sure both sides are even:  A single ship five squares long (the aircraft carrier) A single ship four squares long (the battleship) Two ships three squares long (the cruiser and the submarine) A single ship two squares long (the destroyer) With the boxes open, and the players seated across from each other, each player puts his ships down on the lower grid in front of him. Follow these rules to determine where to put your ships:  Ships can be placed horizontally or vertically, but not diagonally. You must place all five ships on the grid. Every ship must be completely on the grid. No ship can hang off the edge of the board. Ships cannot overlap each other. Once your ships are placed and the game has begun, you are not allowed to move your ships again. If the two players don't agree who should go first right away, flip a coin or decide in some other randomized way. If you are playing multiple games in a row, consider letting the player who lost the last game go first in the next one.

TL;DR in Russian:

Каждый игрок получает по чемоданчику. Проверьте наличие всех кораблей. Игроки должны тайно расставить свои корабли. Определите, кто будет начинать.


The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out your data is. It gives you information on how similar each data point is within your sample, which helps you determine if the data is significant. At first glance, the equation may seem a bit complicated, but these steps will walk you through the process of the calculation. The formula is s = √∑((xi – µ)2/(N – 1)).  s is the standard deviation. ∑ indicates that you will sum all of the sample values collected. xi represents each individual value from your data. µ is the average (or mean) of your data for each group. N is the total sample number. To calculate the standard deviation, first you must take the average of the samples in the individual groups. The average is designated with the Greek letter mu or µ. To do this, simply add each sample together and then divide by the total number of samples.  For example, to find the average grade of the group that read the material before class, let’s look at some data. For simplicity, we will use a dataset of 5 points: 90, 91, 85, 83, and 94. Add all the samples together: 90 + 91 + 85 + 83 + 94 = 443. Divide the sum by the sample number, N = 5: 443/5 = 88.6. The average grade for this group is 88.6. The next part of the calculation involves the (xi – µ) portion of the equation. You will subtract each sample from the average just calculated. For our example you will end up with five subtractions.  (90 – 88.6), (91- 88.6), (85 – 88.6), (83 – 88.6), and (94 – 88.6). The calculated numbers are now 1.4, 2.4, -3.6, -5.6, and 5.4. Each of the new numbers you have just calculated will now be squared. This step will also take care of any negative signs. If you have a negative sign after this step or at the end of your calculation, you may have forgotten this step.  In our example, we are now working with 1.96, 5.76, 12.96, 31.36, and 29.16. Summing these squares together yields: 1.96 + 5.76 + 12.96 + 31.36 + 29.16 = 81.2. The formula divides by N – 1 because it is correcting for the fact that you haven’t counted an entire...

TL;DR in Russian:

Запишите формулу для стандартного отклонения. Найдите среднее значение в каждой группе. Вычтите из среднего каждое полученное значение. Возведите в квадрат каждую полученную величину и сложите их вместе. Поделите на объем выборки минус 1. Извлеките квадратный корень.


The standard equation for absorbance is A = ɛ x l x c, where A is the amount of light absorbed by the sample for a given wavelength, ɛ is the molar absorptivity, l is the distance that the light travels through the solution, and c is the concentration of the absorbing species per unit volume.  Absorbance can also be calculated using the ratio between the intensity of a reference sample and the unknown sample. It is given by the equation A = log10(Io/I).  Intensity is obtained using a spectrophotometer. The absorbance of a solution will change based on the wavelength that is passed through the solution. Some wavelengths will be absorbed more than others depending upon the makeup of the solution. Remember to state which wavelength is being used for your calculation. Using algebra we can divide absorbance by the length and the concentration to get molar absorptivity on one side of the equation: ɛ = A/lc. We can now use this basic equation to calculate molar absorptivity for a given wavelength. Absorbance between readings can vary due to the concentration of the solution and the shape of the container used to measure intensity. Molar absorptivity compensates for these variations. A spectrophotometer is a piece of equipment that passes a specific wavelength of light through a substance and detects the amount of light that comes out. Some of the light will be absorbed by the solution and the remaining light that passes through can be used to calculate the absorbance of that solution.  Prepare a solution of known concentration, c, for analysis. Units for concentration are molar or moles/liter.  To find l, measure the length of the cuvette, the piece that holds the liquid samples in the spectrophotometer. Units for path length are measured in centimeters. Using a spectrophotometer, obtain a measurement for absorbance, A, at a given wavelength. The unit for wavelength is meters, but most wavelengths are so small, they are actually measured in nanometers (nm). Absorbance has no units. Using the values you obtained for...

TL;DR in Russian:

Ознакомьтесь с законом Бугера-Ламберта-Бера: Преобразуйте закон Бугера-Ламберта-Бера так, чтобы выразить молярный коэффициент поглощения. Измерьте необходимые величины с помощью спектрофотометрии. Подставьте в уравнение численные значения и найдите молярный коэффициент поглощения.


The standard form of a linear equation is Ax+By=C{\displaystyle Ax+By=C}. In this form, A{\displaystyle A}, B{\displaystyle B}, and C{\displaystyle C} are integers, and x{\displaystyle x} and y{\displaystyle y} are the coordinates of a point on the line. For example, you might be given the equation 2x+3y=6{\displaystyle 2x+3y=6}. The x-intercept is the point on the line where the line crosses the x-axis. At this point, the value for y{\displaystyle y} will be 0. So, in order to find the x-intercept, you need to set the y{\displaystyle y} to 0 and solve for x{\displaystyle x}. For example, if you substitute 0 for y{\displaystyle y}, your equation will look like this: 2x+3(0)=6{\displaystyle 2x+3(0)=6}, which simplifies to 2x=6{\displaystyle 2x=6}. To do this, you need to isolate the x variable by dividing both sides of the equation by the coefficient. This will give you the value of x{\displaystyle x} when y=0{\displaystyle y=0}, which is the x-intercept. For example:2x=6{\displaystyle 2x=6}2x2=62{\displaystyle {\frac {2x}{2}}={\frac {6}{2}}}x=3{\displaystyle x=3} Remember that an ordered pair is written in the form (x,y){\displaystyle (x,y)}. For the x-intercept, the value of x{\displaystyle x} will be the value you calculated previously, and the y{\displaystyle y} value will be 0, since y{\displaystyle y} always equals 0 at the x-intercept. For example, for the line 2x+3y=6{\displaystyle 2x+3y=6}, the x-intercept is at the point (3,0){\displaystyle (3,0)}.

TL;DR in Russian:

Определите, записано ли уравнение в виде линейного диофантова уравнения. Вместо y{\displaystyle y} подставьте 0. Найдите значение x{\displaystyle x}. Запишите координаты точки пересечения с осью Х.


The standard form of self-introduction in French is “je m’appelle” (zhuh mah-pell) which I means “I call myself.”  For example, you might say “je m’appelle Robert.”  The French word for first name is “prenom” (prey–nom).  You could say “Mon prénom est...” (mon prey-nom ey) which means “my first name is...” The French word for surname is “nom de famille” (nohm dhe fah-mee).  In a professional or commercial transaction if someone asks for your "nom" be sure to provide your last name rather than your first. In English you state your age as something you are, as in “I am fifteen,” but in French you use the auxiliary verb “avoir” which means “have.”  You say “J’ai ... ans” (zhai ... ahn) which means “I have ... years.”  Consult a dictionary to find pronunciations of specific numbers. You can also describe your age group more generally using the phrase “je suis” (zhe swee) followed by an adjective.  “Jeune” (zhuhn) means young. “Vieux” (vee-euh) indicates an elderly man, while “vieille” (vee-ay) indicates an elderly woman.  “Je suis jeune” means “I am young.” Many descriptive words used in English are actually borrowed from French.  Brunette and blonde both mean the same thing in French, but they refer only to women. A man would be brun or blond – in both cases the final consonant should be barely pronounced. “Je suis blonde” means “I am blonde.”  You can also say “my hair is...” followed by a color.  The phrase for this is “Mes cheveux sont...” (meh chuh-vuh son). Consult a dictionary for the appropriate color. The same construction works to describe your eye color. You would say “Mes yeux sont ...” (mehz-yuh son) which means "my eyes are..." Note that in this case you pronounce the s at the end of “mes” because the next word begins with a vowel. The words to describe beauty are “beau” (bo) for men or “belle” (bell) for women.  Use the construction “Je suis” (zhe swee) followed by the adjective.  “Je suis belle” means “I am beautiful” if you are a woman.  “Fort” (for) means strong, while “faible” (febl) means...

TL;DR in Russian:

Представьтесь. Назовите свой возраст. Опишите цвет волос. Опишите свою физическую форму. Опишите свое настроение.


The standard number of shower curtain hooks needed is 12 and they are generally sold in sets by the dozen for convenience. If you’re using hooks that have some sort of decoration or embellishment, make sure the decoration side is facing out into the bathroom, not inward facing the shower.  These also come in ring form. The rings snap open and closed easily. Unsnap to open them, hang them on the rod, but do not snap them closed them yet. Once you have the hooks/rings on the rod, make sure that they fit properly and slide easily along the curtain rod. Most come in standard sizes that fit most curtain holes and rods, but if you’re using hooks/rings that are very large or very small, you may want to measure the size of the holes before you buy rings to make sure they will fit. Make sure the curtain is on top of the liner, closest to you. The liner will go beneath it. Find the holes on the top left edge of both pieces and line the holes up so that one ring can pass through both holes.  Liners are usually clear plastic and they act as a barrier between the shower and the curtain. Liners aren’t required, but they are practical and commonly used, especially with shower curtains that are made of fabric that isn’t waterproof. Starting from the left side, thread one ring through the holes of both the curtain and the liner. Then move on to the next hole, repeating the same process. Continue threading until all 12 rings have been threaded through all 12 holes.  If you are using curtain rings, snap each ring closed after you thread it through. Double check that the liner is on the wet side of the shower and the curtain is on the dry side, facing out into the bathroom. Arrange the curtain and liner as you normally would, and take a close look. Is the rod easily supporting their weight? Give a little tug, if necessary, to test the tension. Then slide the curtain open, testing that the hooks/rings move easily down the rod.  If the rod cannot support the weight, you may need to get a longer or more sturdily built tension rod....

TL;DR in Russian:

Разместите крючки для шторки на карнизе. Выровняйте подкладку и шторку по левому краю. Проденьте крючки или кольца через все отверстия в шторке и подкладке. Проверьте надежность фиксации карниза и убедитесь, что занавеска легко по нему скользит.


The standard way to teach multiplication is memorization, which only some children are good at – and it's debatable if you can classify this as learning, anyway. Make it interactive as much as possible. Use fingers and toes, blocks, an abacus, whatever you have on hand. Make it fun, not something that's discouraging. Please do not shame kids by having them recite in front of the class – it will never improve their memory but it will turn them off math forever and create an unpleasant disparity among students. With this method, students will need to know how to skip-count, which is essentially the same as multiplication. For example, skip-counting by multiples of 4 goes as follows: 4, 8,12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40. 3 x 4 = skip-count by 4 three times: 4, 8, 12. A harder example? 6 x 7 = skip-count by 7 six times: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42. The answer is 42. The best way to learn skip-counting is through the use of songs or other mnemonic devices. Skip-counting by multiples is also the primary method for multiplying single digits by remedial math systems such as Simple Math and Touch Math. Here's an idea: use a beach ball (or two). Take a permanent black marker and divide the ball in half horizontally. This will give you 12 sections. Using the same marker, number the sections from 0 through 11 randomly. Here's how the game is played:  You write a number 1 through 10 on the board (preferably the number you are working on in the classroom.) Any child in the room tosses the ball to another child. This child instantly calls out the number their right thumb is on. Both children compete in trying to be the first to say the answer, multiplying the number on the board by the number called out by the child who caught the ball. The winner continues the game by throwing the ball to another child. Have the child who throws the ball say the name of the child that they are tossing it to. This eliminates a mad scramble for many to rush to catch the ball. Pro tip? Let some air out of the ball. It is easier for third graders to...

TL;DR in Russian:

Пользуйтесь разными методами обучения. Детей, которым тяжело дается умножение, попробуйте научить интервальному счету ("тройками", "четверками" и так далее). Превратите занятие в игру. Измените формулировку задачи.


The standing side abduction is the same as the side-lying hip abduction, except that you’re standing upright and adding some resistance to the movement of your outside leg.  While standing, hold onto a wall, railing or stable chair with your right hand.  Place a dumbbell into your left hand and hold it against your left thigh.  Flex your left foot and lift it outwards from the wall, then bring it back down towards the wall again.  Keep your back straight.  Perform 5 to 10 repetitions of this exercise, depending on how advanced you are in your workout.  Once you’ve completed all repetitions on 1 side, switch and do the other side. The weight of the dumbbell will depend on what is comfortable for you at the moment.  Start with a light weight dumbbell and increase the weight as you perform the exercise over time. An alternative to a dumbbell is to use a resistance band, which is essentially a large elastic band specifically designed for exercise purposes.  To use the resistance band, tie the band in a hip-width loop and step into the loop so that it is around your ankles.  When you pull your left leg outwards, the band will act as resistance to the movement. This exercise requires a resistance band that is short enough to go around your legs and provide resistance as your widen your stance.  You can place the band around your legs at knee level (slightly above your actual knee joints), at ankle level, or around the balls of your feet - whichever location is most comfortable for you at the time.  Once the band is in place, widen your stance until there is a decent amount of resistance on the band.  Then slightly bend your knees and have your arms out in front of you.  For the Monster walk, keep the band stretched and walk forwards and backwards, stepping one foot in front of the other. For the Sumo walk, keep the band stretched and shimmy to the left and the right. Perform 5 to 10 repetitions of this exercise (in either direction), depending on how advanced you are in your workout. For this exercise you’ll want...

TL;DR in Russian:

Выполняйте боковые махи ногами из положения стоя. Попробуйте изобразить походку монстра или сумоиста. Ходите боком на беговой дорожке. Делайте махи с гирей двумя руками.


The steam and humidity of the bathroom will accelerate rust formation on your razor blades. If possible, store them somewhere other than in the bathroom. Keeping them in a small ziplock bag will also suffice. After each use, dip the razor in rubbing alcohol. This will accelerate drying and sterilize the blade. If you are acne-prone, sterilization will help to prevent it. Then dip it in mineral oil, which will enhance the performance of your blade, protect it from the elements and make it last longer.

TL;DR in Russian:

Не держите бритву в ванной комнате. Наносите на лезвие минеральное масло и медицинский спирт.


The steel must be cleaned and de-rusted before the electrogalvanization can occur. Either zinc sulfate or zinc cyanide is normally used for the electrolyte. The solution will react with the steel to cause the zinc to precipitate onto the steel, coating it. The longer the steel is left in the electrolyte, the thicker the coating that will be produced. While this method offers greater control over how thick the zinc coating is than does hot-dip galvanizing, it usually does not allow for layers to become as thick.

TL;DR in Russian:

Подготовьте сталь так же, как ранее к горячему цинкованию. Приготовьте цинковый электролит. Опустите сталь в электролит.


The steps below are written as a practical example, but you can use the method to understand written physics problems as well. First, we'll calculate the power P using the formula P = I2 x R, where I is the current in amperes (amps) and R is the resistance in ohms. These units give us the power in watts, so from there, we' can use the formula in the previous step to calculate the energy in joules. Resistors are rated in ohms, with the rating either labeled directly or indicated with a series of colored bands. You can also test a resistor's resistance by connecting it to an ohmmeter or multimeter. For this example, we'll assume the resistor is rated at 10 ohms. Either connect wires to the resistor with Fahnestock or alligator clips, or plug the resistor into a testing board. For this example, we'll use a period of 10 seconds. Do this with an ammeter or a multimeter. Most household current is in milliamperes, or thousandths of an ampere, so we'll assume the current is 100 milliamperes, or 0.1 ampere. To find the power, multiply the square of the current by the resistance. This yields the power output in watts. Squaring 0.1 gives 0.01, multiplied by 10, gives a power output of 0.1 watt, or 100 milliwatts. This gives the energy output in joules. 0.1 watt x 10 seconds equals 1 joule of electrical energy. As joules are small units, and because appliances commonly use watts, milliwatts, and kilowatts to indicate how much power they use, utilities commonly measure their energy output in kilowatt-hours. One watt equals 1 joule per second, or 1 joule equals 1 watt-second; a kilowatt equals 1 kilojoules per second and a kilojoule equals 1 kilowatt-second. As there are 3,600 seconds in an hour, 1 kilowatt-hour equals 3,600 kilowatt-seconds, 3,600 kilojoules, or 3,600,000 joules.

TL;DR in Russian:

Здесь описывается способ вычисления потока энергии в электрической цепи. Возьмите резистор. Подключите резистор к источнику тока. В течение определенного времени через цепь пропускайте ток. Определите силу тока. Вычислите мощность (Вт) по формуле P = I2 x R. Перемножьте мощность и время, чтобы найти энергию (Дж).


The steps for setup will depend on the viewer you choose follow the documentation closely and you will have no problems creating a connection.   JollysFastVNC is currently the fastest and actively developed VNC client including many features not available in any other client.  Chicken of the VNC is an older client that is confirmed to work with this method simply connect using the IP address of the Server computer. (On the server use Safari or Firefox and goto www.whatismyip.com) (Chicken of the VNC is no longer actively developed and has been replaced by a new one called Chicken, http://sourceforge.net/projects/chicken/ )

TL;DR in Russian:

Чтобы присоединиться к VNC-серверу, вы должны использовать VNC Viewer, но, к счастью, существует и несколько бесплатных вариантов.


The steps to obtain a vendor's license vary widely, depending on the type of things you want to sell and the place in which you want to sell it. Visit the revenue agency and the county clerk's office to find out what you need to do to sell things on the street. In general, though, a street vendor needs to obtain:  A sales tax permit from the revenue agency of your state      A tax certificate     A business license from the county clerk's office     A vendor or peddler's license    What do people want in your area? What do they need? Try to find a hole in the market that you're trying to crack into and fill that space. If you want to become a farmer's market vendor, what could your farmer's market use? If you want to sell things at concerts, what do concert-goers need?  Try to avoid picking something very common to sell at a particular location. Being the new guy with the taco truck in a city loaded with taco trucks will be a tough challenge. Think of ways to make your product unique and sellable. If you've got a common product that you need to get rid of, think of how to spin it so it seems different from other varieties, even if it isn't particularly. Consider ways you may change your product so it stands distinct. If someone else sells artisanal jam at the farmer's market, what will make yours different? If you want to sell clothes off a blanket in the park, you're probably ready to go. But if you want to start a more complicated or professional vending service, you'll need to plan for a full day of working and how to easily bring everything that you'll need for the service. Will you need a cart? A truck? Bags in which to put your merchandise? What about a change box? Consider refrigeration and food-service guidelines if you're going to sell food. You'll need a food-handler's license if you want to sell anything edible. . What do you have that other vendors don't have? What makes you stand out from the crowd? If your taco cart was in line with fifty other taco carts, why should someone come to your place...

TL;DR in Russian:

Получите лицензию продавца в своем городе. Разработайте востребованный продукт или услугу. Соберите принадлежности. Придумайте название себе и своему товару. Найдите подходящую улицу для своего бизнеса.


The stitching on a Gucci belt should be literally perfect. Not nearly perfect – actually perfect. You are paying for the high quality that this designer brand is known for. Each stitch should be straight across (not slanted) and exactly the same size as every other stitch. If there are noticeable mistakes in the stitching, you should consider that it is probably a fake Gucci belt. Authentic Gucci belts are made with perfect craftsmanship. If you notice any fraying of the materials on the belt, it is almost certainly a fake. This is especially true if you buy a “new” Gucci belt and it arrives with some fraying. If you notice any imperfections in the materials, this is a sign that you probably have a fake belt on your hands. Fake Gucci belts often have clip on belt buckles, whereas authentic Gucci belt buckles are typically soldered onto the larger portion of the belt. None of the models of authentic Gucci belts include a button holding the belt buckle in place. Some models have screws on the back of the belt buckle, while others don’t. You’ll need to check the specifics of each model. Authentic Gucci belts have a stamp on the inside portion of the belt, whereas this feature will be missing on their fake counterparts. In some newer belts, the stamp is near the buckle, while some of the older belts stamp the belt toward the center, length-wise. The stamp should say the brand name, “Made in Italy,” and include an identifying number. An authentic Gucci serial number should be 21 digits long. Typically, the number should begin with “114” or “223.” If your number begins with “1212,” it is definitely a fake. This is a common serial number given to fake Gucci belts.

TL;DR in Russian:

Ищите идеально ровные швы. Посмотрите, есть ли изъяны в материале. Проверьте способ крепления пряжки. Ищите идентификационную метку Gucci. Проверьте серийный номер.


The stock market works like any other marketplace. In this case, the products being bought and sold are pieces of ownership in companies. We call these shares of stock. Stocks are traded on exchanges. You can think of an exchange as the marketplace. In the U.S., the major exchanges include the New York Stock Exchange and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system (the NASDAQ).  Stock prices move up and down depending on supply and demand. When there is a large demand for a stock, its price will rise. Since there are more interested buyers than sellers, the stock price will increase. When there are more sellers than buyers, the price will fall. A stock's price is a reflection of the investment community’s opinion of the stock. The price is not necessarily the actual value of the company. This means that short-term prices are often affected by people's emotions, rather than by facts. Prices can move based on information, misinformation, and rumor. Your goal as a stock investor is to purchase shares of a company that will increase in value over time. If the issuing company grows their sales and increases profits, investors may buy more of the stock. If the stock price goes up, you can sell your shares for a gain. For example, imagine that you buy 100 shares of stock priced at $15 each. That's a $1,500 investment. After two years, the stock price increases to $20. Now, your investment is worth $2,000. If you sell your shares, you’ll recognize a $500 gain before any fees or commissions ($2,000 - $1,500). These terms help you decide exactly what type of buy or sell order you want to place with your broker. The terms allow you place certain conditions on your order to buy or sell stock.  The ask price, also known as the offer, is the lowest available price when trying to buy shares of a stock. Assume you want to buy IBM common stock. If the current ask price is $50 per share, you would pay the $50 price for the stock. The bid price (or simply bid) is the highest available price you can...

TL;DR in Russian:

Учитывайте то, как работает фондовый рынок. Изучите терминологию, связанную с торговлей акциями. Рассмотрите покупку фонда взаимных инвестиций.


The stoma is the hole in the neck/trachea where the tubes are inserted so the patient can breathe. The stoma should be assessed each time after suctioning for skin breakdown and signs of infection. If any symptoms of infection are present (or if anything at all seems questionable), consult a doctor immediately.  Symptoms of a stoma infection can include redness, swelling, pain, and the secretion of foul-smelling pus. If a stoma is infected and inflamed, the tracheal tubes will be more difficult to insert. If a stoma is pale or bluish, this may indicate an issue with blood flow to the tissue, and you should contact a doctor right away. Each time you remove a tracheal tube, clean and disinfect the stoma. Use an antiseptic solution such as betadine solution or something similar. The stoma should be cleaned in a circular motion (with a sterile gauze) starting at the 12 o’clock position and wiping downward to the three o’clock position. Then use a new gauze dipped in antiseptic and wipe towards the nine o’clock position. To clean the lower half of the stoma, wipe with a new gauze from the three o’clock position towards the six o’clock position. Then wipe again from the nine o’clock position moving towards the six o’clock position. The dressing around the tracheostomy should be changed at least twice a day. This helps to prevent infection at the stoma site and within the respiratory system (lungs). Changing it also helps to promote the skin's integrity. A new dressing helps to insulate the skin and absorb the secretions that might leak around the stoma.  A wet dressing should be changed immediately. This breeds bacteria and can lead to health complications. Don't forget to change the ribbons (ties) that keep the tracheal tube in place if they get soiled or wet. Make sure to hold the tracheal tube in place while changing the ribbons.

TL;DR in Russian:

Оцените состояние отверстия. Очистите область антисептиком. Регулярно меняйте повязки.


The stone should be roughly the same size as the palm of your hand.  In principle, this works similar to the method of using a kitchen knife. The advantage is that you do not have to use a utensil with a sharp blade, and you can use this method when camping or backpacking. A smooth rock works much better than one with a jagged surface. The more even the surface is, the more evenly the garlic will be crushed.

TL;DR in Russian:

Найдите гладкий камень.


The story can be humorous, serious, or shocking, but regardless of its nature, it should directly address or relate to the topic of your paper.  Anecdotes can be true or fictional. They can also be personal or about someone else. The story should be short enough to tell in a few sentences. After you tell the story, briefly explain why you told it and why the reader should care. You may end up introducing the main ideas of your essay during this portion of your introduction. In a single sentence, come up with a thesis that focuses the topic and tells the reader what to expect about the paper to come.  A thesis statement is a single sentence that defines a specific point or idea about a broader topic that your entire paper is built around. The connection between your thesis statement and the anecdote you used should be obvious to the reader. If the thesis statement does not fit into the introduction as it currently stands, you may need to use more supporting evidence to lead into the thesis or change the anecdote you use.

TL;DR in Russian:

Расскажите небольшую историю. Свяжите рассказ с темой. Изложите ваш тезис.


The strainer should be small enough to fit over the bowl without any overlap, and the bowl should be large enough to contain all the liquid from your soursop. The strainer should also have fairly small gaps. The larger the gaps are, the more likely that pulp will get through. This process may take a while, depending on the size of your strainer. Typically, lime juice, ginger, and sugar make a good, authentic combination, as does a mix of nutmeg and vanilla. Serve it chilled or over ice.

TL;DR in Russian:

Положите на миску сито. Медленно перелейте сок через сито и в миску. Добавьте другие вкусовые ингредиенты по желанию. Прежде чем разлить сок в стаканы, перемешайте его.


The strip should be about three times as long as it is wide: suggested dimensions are 4.5 inches (11.43 cm) by 1.5 inches (3.81 cm). Wind the strip near the end or point instead of at the center. Part of the strip should hang over the pencil point or dowel end. Be sure to use a pencil or dowel slightly thicker than a drinking straw, but not much thicker. Tape lengthwise along the entire length of the strip. Tape up the nose cone so it holds its shape.  Blow gently into the open end of the paper rocket. Listen for a rustle of air escaping along the side or nose cone and feel along the side seam and nose for a gentle stream of air. Tape over any leaks and test again until you can no longer detect any leakage. Because the paper rocket is narrow, you may want to cut attached pairs of fins that will be easier to tape onto the rocket’s end than three or four separate fins. Be sure the straw extends far enough out of the rocket that you can grip it with your fingers. Your rocket will fly into the air, propelled by the force of your breath.  Always point the straw and rocket upward, not toward anybody when launching. Vary how you build the rocket to see how the modifications affect its flight. Also, vary how sharply you exhale into the straw to see how it affects the distance your rocket flies. A toy similar to the paper rocket consisted of a stick with a plastic cone attached to one end and a plastic parachute attached to the other. The parachute was folded over the stick, which was then inserted into a cardboard blow-tube. When blown into, the plastic cone would catch the air and launch the stick. When it reached maximum height, the stick would fall, deploying the parachute.

TL;DR in Russian:

Вырежьте прямоугольник из листа бумаги. Туго оберните прямоугольник вокруг карандаша или дюбеля. Заклейте край бумаги скотчем, чтобы она не размоталась. Сложите свешивающийся край в конус. Уберите карандаш или дюбель. Проверьте ракету на предмет дырок. Добавьте хвостовые плавники  к открытому концу бумажной ракеты. Ставьте трубочку в открытую часть ракеты. Резко подуйте в трубочку.


The strong smell of the ammonia will irritate the squirrels and make them view the attic as a bad place to nest. This may get them to leave on their own.  It’s best to use this repellent alongside others to maximize its effectiveness. If you don’t have ammonia, you can use another strong household cleaner instead. You can use the overhead light or install temporary lighting if there’s no light in the attic. The squirrels will feel uncomfortable and exposed under the lights, so they’ll likely leave your attic in favor of a new home.  Just like with ammonia, it’s best to use this repellent alongside other techniques to increase your chances of success. If you know exactly where the squirrel nest is, you can direct the light toward the nest. In this case, you only need a flashlight to get the job done. Turn the radio to a talk station so the sound of human voices fills the attic. The squirrels will likely decide your home is unsuitable, causing them to go elsewhere.  If you find the nest, put the radio as close as you can to the nest. You don’t need to turn up the radio loud enough for the entire house to hear. As long as the sound fills the attic, the radio is loud enough. Using multiple repellents at one time will provide the best results. You can choose between a natural or chemical repellent. Natural repellents often use the scent of predator urine to scare away the squirrels. Read the label on your repellent and apply it directly to the area where the squirrels seem to frequent, such as near entry holes, around urine and feces, and where you see tracks.  Make sure you’re using the product as directed. You can find a squirrel repellent at a hardware store or online. Additionally, they may not work against squirrels and have a very strong smell that many people find offensive. It’s safer and more effective to use one of the proven squirrel repellents. In some areas, mothballs are illegal to use against squirrels, so check your local laws if you’d like to use them anyway.

TL;DR in Russian:

Смочите тряпку нашатырным спиртом и положите ее рядом с облюбованным белками местом. Включите на чердаке яркий свет. Включите на чердаке радиоприемник, чтобы его громкий звук беспокоил белок. В качестве простого способа используйте покупное средство от белок. Не используйте нафталиновые или камфорные шарики, так как они могут быть токсичными для людей и домашних животных.


The stronger the magnet, the easier it will be to magnetize the screwdriver. Ideally, find a neodymium magnet or other rare-earth magnet with a pull force of at least ¼ pound. These are available at hardware stores or online. If you don't mind destroying an old hard drive, you can disassemble it to get two strong magnets. Remove any grime from the screwdriver. If you need to use a damp cloth, dry the tool thoroughly afterward. Touch one end of the magnet to the metal surface of the screwdriver, next to the handle. Drag it down to the tip. This causes small magnetic regions (domains) in the steel to align in the direction of the magnet's field. On a large screwdriver, magnetize the half closest to the tip instead of the whole tool. Take the magnet off the screwdriver, then drag it from the handle to the tip again. Repeat this several times, using the same end of the magnet each time. Do not drag the magnet back from the tip to the handle. This will undo your work. Rotate the screwdriver by a quarter turn. Drag the magnet from handle to tip again several times. Repeat with the third and fourth sides of the screwdriver. If the screwdriver can't pick up a screw magnetically, repeat the process. If it still doesn't work after ten passes on each side, try again with a stronger magnet. A hard steel screwdriver can stay magnetized for months. If you'd like to demagnetize it, run the magnet back the other way (tip to handle), or whack the screwdriver against the wall a few times to scramble its magnetic domains again.

TL;DR in Russian:

Найдите мощный брусковый магнит. Протрите отвертку начисто. Проведите магнитом от рукоятки отвертки до ее кончика. Повторите то же самое действие в том же направлении. Проверните отвертку и повторите вышеуказанные действия. Проверьте отвертку.


The strongest and thickest vines often produce the largest pumpkins. Monitor your vines and see which one seems to be growing the fastest and thickest. Pollinating by hand is the preferred method but if you don’t have the time or the energy, it is a pretty safe bet that the bees will do most of the pollination for you. The flowers generally show up in late July. As in every form of reproduction, there is a male and female pumpkin counterpart. Do not begin pollinating until you the plant has roughly 200 leaves.  The female has a small pumpkin at the base and no pollen inside the flower. To achieve the strongest female plant, you can break off the first female flower and wait for the second or third to grow (the strongest females grow when the vines are roughly 10 feet long, or longer.)     The male will have a stamen inside the flower. The stamen will be covered in pollen. These male flowers generally show up before the female flowers do.    Only do this when a female flower grows from the largest and healthiest vine. Pulling the petal will help to expose the pollen needed for pollination. Rub the pollen stamen on the blossom of the female flower. This step is most successful if completed before the middle of July. This will ensure that the pumpkin has ample time for growth.

TL;DR in Russian:

Выберите лозу. Опыляйте цветки вручную. Определите мужские и женские цветки. Оторвите лепестки у мужских цветков.


The strongest risk factor is a history of kidney stones. If you have already had a kidney stone, you have a greater risk of developing more. It is important that you take measures to reduce any other other risk factors. If someone in your family has had kidney stones, then you may be at higher risk of having kidney stones as well. Consider your family member's experiences with kidney stones as you think about whether or not you may have them. Not drinking enough water is another risk factor in developing kidney stones. Water helps to dissolve minerals that may form kidney stones in your body. The more water you drink, the less likely it is that these minerals will cling to each other and form stones. Eating an unhealthy diet can also increase your risk of developing kidney stones. If you eat a lot of protein and/or a lot of salty, sugary food, then you are at higher risk of developing kidney stones. Think about what you eat in a typical day to determine if this is one of your risk factors. Recent recommendations are to avoid sodas containing phosphoric, such as colas, as these increase the risk of kidney stones. Being obese is another risk factor for kidney stones. You are considered obese if your BMI is 30 or higher. Check your weight and BMI to determine whether or not this may be one of your risk factors for kidney stones. Keep in mind that if you have recently gained weight, then you may also be at risk of developing kidney stones, even if you are not obese. Some medical conditions and surgeries can also put you at higher risk of developing kidney stones. Consider your recent medical history to determine if any medical conditions or surgeries may have increased your risk for kidney stones. Some conditions and surgeries that can increase your risk of kidney stones include:  Inflammatory bowel disease Gastric bypass surgery Chronic diarrhea Hyperparathyroidism Urinary tract infection Cystinuria

TL;DR in Russian:

Подумайте о своей медицинской истории (анамнезе). Расспросите членов семьи об семейном анамнезе. Пейте больше воды. Соблюдайте здоровую диету. Если вы страдаете ожирением, сбросьте лишний вес. Учтите заболевания или перенесенные операции, которые также могут повысить риск развития почечнокаменной болезни.


The struts are cylinder-shaped pistons filled with hydraulic fluid, usually shaped a bit like a metallic road cone with a spring wrapped around it. Open the hood and locate the strut bolts, usually a circle of three bolts on a pan in the engine compartment, to each side of the car, near the windshield. In the center of the ring of bolts will be the bolt for the strut pan itself. Don't loosen any of these bolts yet, especially not the center bolt, but use this to guide you to your working spot. First, loosen the bolts securing the wheel with a lug wrench and lift the car with a jack, positioning the jack according to the Owner's Manual instructions for changing a tire. Once the car is raised, position a jack stand under the car for stability. Remove the bolts that secure the wheel and remove the wheel. It's always important to use jack stands to secure the car. Do not attempt to do this job only supporting the car on the jack. Jacks can shift suddenly, dropping the car and possibly trapping you under it. Car jacks use hydraulic power that can fail suddenly and need to be backed up by jack stands to do the job safely. Invest in a couple of jack stands. You might need to remove the brake line support bracket from the strut assembly. This isn't a feature on all cars, so disregard this step if you don't see a small bracket holding the brake line to the strut. If you do, unscrew the bracket with the appropriate size socket wrench and move the brake line up and out of the way so you can remove the strut. Also called the stabilizer or the anti-roll bar, the sway bar works along with the strut assembly to stabilize the car during bumps and irregular road conditions. To do this, you need to remove the mounting bracket with a socket wrench and rotate the sway bar out of the way. Look for a small metal bracket attaching a metal bar (usually black) to the strut and remove it. Again, this won't always be an obstacle on all cars; you might just need to loosen the strut from the steering knuckle and free it. Once you've...

TL;DR in Russian:

Найдите стойку в сборе. Снимите колесо. Снимите крепление тормозной трубки в случае необходимости. Отсоедините стержень стабилизатора в случае необходимости.


The study of chemistry is generally divided into five broad categories, each with its own sub-disciplines and unique methods of study. If you understand what broad field of chemistry you’re studying and what that means, you’ll be grounded and ready to learn particularities within the field. The five categories are:  Inorganic chemistry: the study of structures and compounds of substances made from all elements, except carbon. Organic chemistry: the study of the compound of carbon. Physical (or theoretical) chemistry: the application of mathematical methods to chemical problems. Analytical chemistry: quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes chemical compounds. Biochemistry (or physiological chemistry): the study of chemical reactions within living cells and the chemical structures of living material. This will increase your familiarity with the material, and class itself will clarify questions that came up when you read the material, rather than raising questions. Reading material—such as book chapters and reading that will be covered in class— will familiarize you with the topic ahead of time. This technique is known as a “Flipped” or “Reversed” classroom, and has proven useful in multiple fields. This should help make learning easier, since the instructor is there to clarify and explain information. Don’t take this time for granted, but actively focus on apprehending every point your teacher makes. Attend class regularly. As mundane as this can feel, regular attendance will ensure that you don’t miss the explanation of new topics. It’s easier to keep up with the class lessons than to catch up. Don’t hesitate to bring up your concerns in class if you are confused about any points, equations, or topics. No question is too small to ask; if you’re confused about a point in the lecture, it’s likely that other students are too.  Discuss with your teacher or with your classmates if you have any problems with the chemistry topic. If you’re struggling to understand a concept, ask your instructor for study guides or...

TL;DR in Russian:

Определите, какой раздел химии вы собираетесь изучать. Перед занятиями почитайте соответствующие разделы. Внимательно слушайте учителя во время урока. Задавайте вопросы. Делайте подробные записи. Перечитывайте свой конспект.


The study of library science includes library management, the preservation, archival, and dissemination of information, the development of information technologies, and research education. Librarians can specialize in any one of these areas, and many have responsibilities that require expertise in all of them. Tasks librarians might have include the following:  Cataloging items in a library’s database Developing taxonomies to organize data Implementing new technologies to update the organization of old collections Using research skills to answer reference questions Facilitating educational programs for students and the public Managing a library branch, including other employees Keeping a library’s collection up to date by ordering new books and resources Perhaps you’re interested in becoming a children’s librarian, or you may want to participate in the archival of scientific information. There are many different types of libraries, and librarians may have a variety of responsibilities within them.  Public libraries have branches that are open to anyone who wants to obtain a library card. They often have public education programs to promote literacy for both adults and children. They play an important role in providing the public with free access to information. Librarians in public libraries take on a customer service role as well as making sure the collection is up to date, communicating with other libraries, and facilitating public programs. School libraries are an important part of grade schools and middle schools, and serve the function of providing children with the resources they need to receive a well-rounded education. School librarians teach children research skills and help to develop children’s interest in reading as well as managing the library itself. Academic libraries are found at colleges and universities, and they have comprehensive collections that serve the needs of students pursuing higher education. Academic libraries are often specialized, with separate buildings for a law library, a...

TL;DR in Russian:

Знайте, что такое библиотечное дело. Знайте о том, какими бывают библиотекари. Подумайте, готовы ли вы стать библиотекарем. Сходите на информационные собеседования, чтобы узнать больше.


The sturdiest option is a pair of cheap glasses or sunglasses from a drugstore or dollar store, with the plastic lenses popped out. At that point, you're not saving much money compared to ready-made 3D glasses, so many people prefer to use poster board, cardstock, or ordinary paper folded in half.  A sturdy poster board such as oak tag will last longer than other paper options.  Cutting and folding the glasses frame is pretty intuitive, but you can print, cut out, and trace this template onto heavier stock if you prefer. Just about any type of clear plastic should work. Whichever you choose, cut it out to be slightly larger than the eye holes in the glasses frames, so you have room to tape them together. Here are a few commonly available options:  Cellophane. This is the thin, flexible plastic sometimes used as "windows" on food packaging, or to wrap CD cases.  Transparency sheet for overhead projectors. You can buy these at office supply stores. A hard CD "jewel case" itself. This should only be cut by a competent adult, due to the risk of shattering. Score the plastic repeatedly and lightly with a utility knife until there is a deep groove, then bend lightly to snap it apart.  Acetate sheets (also called acetate film) are available at art supply stores or theatrical/stage lighting stores. These already come in red and cyan, so you can skip the coloring step. Use permanent markers to color one side of each lens. These glasses work best when you use cyan instead of blue, but blue is a more common marker color and works pretty well.  If the color looks patchy or inconsistent, smudge it together with your finger.  The room should look darker when you look through the lens. If it's still pretty light, color the other side of the lens as well. Red goes over the LEFT eye, and blue goes over the RIGHT. Tape the lens to the frame, and take care not to tape over the lenses themselves, or you'll get a fuzzy image. Try on the glasses and look at your 3D image. If you are viewing a TV or computer screen and you don't...

TL;DR in Russian:

Сделайте свою или используйте старую оправу для очков. Вырежьте линзы из прозрачного пластика. Покрасьте одну линзу в красный цвет, а другую – в синий. Наклейте линзы на отверстия. Настройте тон и оттенок своего монитора. Используйте эти очки для просмотра красных и синих 3D-изображений.


The style, structure, and focus of your essay will vary depending on the type of essay you are writing. If you've been assigned to write an essay for a class, review the assignment carefully and look for information about the nature of the essay. A few common types of essays include:  The compare/contrast essay, which focuses on analyzing the similarities and differences between 2 things, such as ideas, people, events, places, or works of art. The narrative essay, which tells a story. The argumentative essay, in which the writer uses evidence and examples to convince the reader of their point of view. The critical or analytical essay, which examines something (such as a text or work of art) in detail. This type of essay may attempt to answer specific questions about the subject or focus more generally on its meaning. The informative essay, that educates the reader about a topic. If you're writing an essay for a class or a publication, there may be specific formatting and style requirements you need to follow. Read your assignment carefully to make sure you understand requirements such as:   How long your essay should be Which citation style to use Formatting requirements, such as margin size, line spacing, and font size and type Depending on your assignment, you may already have a specific topic you are supposed to write about, or you may simply be asked to write about a general theme or subject. If the assignment doesn't specify your topic, take some time to brainstorm. Try to pick a subject that's specific, interesting to you, and that you think will give you plenty of material to work with.  If you're doing a research-based essay, you might find some inspiration from reading through some of the major sources on the subject. For a critical essay, you might choose to focus on a particular theme in the work you're discussing, or analyze the meaning of a specific passage. If you're not sure what you're supposed to be writing about or how to structure your essay, don't hesitate to ask! Your instructor can help...

TL;DR in Russian:

Внимательно прочитайте задание. Прочитайте требования к форматированию и стилю. Сузьте тему эссе до четкого фокуса внимания. Обратитесь за объяснением, если вы не понимаете задание.


The subject is the noun that the verb is referring to. To conjugate a verb in Spanish, you'll first need to be familiar with the several different personal subject pronouns in the language. Here they are:   Yo — I(formal)  Tú — you (singular familiar)  Usted — you (singular formal)  Él, ella — he, she  Nosotros/as — we  Vosotros/as — you (plural familiar)  Ustedes — you (plural formal)  Ellos/as — they Note that while there are eight different subjects, there are only six different forms for conjugation. Él, ella, and usted are conjugated the same way, and so are ellos, ellas, and ustedes. Once you're familiar with subjects, you'll need to find the corresponding noun for the verb. If the verb is necesitar (to need), who is it that needs something?  Is it you?  The person you're talking to? A group of boys? The subject will determine the form of the conjugation. All Spanish verbs have the endings of either "-ar," "-ir," or "-er." Once you remove the current ending, you can add on the new corresponding ending. Unless the verb is reflexive; then it will have "se" tacked on past the end of the verb. Once you learn the form of conjugation for "-ar" verbs in the present tense, you can just add the form to the end of any regular "-ar" verbs.  Here are the rules for conjugating them in the present tense, using the verb hablar (to talk):   Yo: o - hablo   Tú: as - hablas   Él, Ella, Usted: a - habla   Nosotros/as: amos - hablamos   Vosotros/as: áis - habláis   Ellos/as, Ustedes: an - hablan Learn the form for conjugating "-er" verbs in the present tense and just add it to the end of each verb.  Here are the endings for the verb "-er" in the present tense using the verb beber (to drink) as an example:   Yo: o - bebo   Tú: es - bebes   Él, Ella, Usted: e - bebe   Nosotros/as: emos - bebemos   Vosotros/as: éis - bebéis   Ellos/as, Ustedes: en - beben . Learn the form for conjugating "-ir" verbs in the present tense and just add it to the end of each verb. Here are the endings for the verb "-ir" in the present tense,...

TL;DR in Russian:

Поймите суть субъекта. Определите субъект. Вычлените основу. Спряжение глаголов на “-ar”. Спряжение глаголов на “-er”. Спряжение глаголов на “-ir”.


The subject of abuse is tough for children and adults to discuss, so it's important to do so in an environment that feels safe. Wait for a time when you and your child don't have anywhere you need to be, and pick a place that feels comfortable, like the family kitchen or den. Let your child know that you want to ask them some questions and that no matter what the answer is, they won't be in trouble.  Do not bring up the subject of abuse in front of anyone you don't trust completely. Don't bring it up in front of anyone you might suspect of abuse, including members of the child's immediate family. It's important to be entirely nonjudgmental and reassuring throughout the discussion. Do not be dismissive or try to lighten things up, or express anger - even if it's anger at the situation and not your child. When your child is feeling comfortable, bring up the subject in a gentle but direct way. Ask whether anyone has touched your child in a way that's not appropriate. Use the words you and your child usually use to describe parts of the body that aren't supposed to be touched by other people.  If your child says yes, encourage them to tell you more. Keep asking questions in a nonjudgmental way. Note that sometimes sexual molestation doesn't leave a negative impression on the child. Using words like "did someone hurt you" or "did someone touch you in a bad way" might not resonate with the child. Be more specific. For example, you could say that you've noticed your child seems afraid when you go to after-school care, or when a certain person comes to visit. If your child has been acting secretive, shy or aggressive, ask why. Name specific behaviours and ask your child to tell you what has been provoking them. Sometimes an abuser will make the child promise to keep what happened a secret, perhaps even threatening the child to keep quiet. If your child tells you they have been told to keep a secret, let them know that adults aren't supposed to tell children to keep secrets. Explain to your child that sometimes it's...

TL;DR in Russian:

Создайте атмосферу, которая позволила бы ребенку поговорить с вами. Спросите ребенка, прикасался ли к нему кто-нибудь неуместным образом. Спросите ребенка о нехарактерном поведении, которое вы заметили. Обсудите с ребенком понятие секрета. Напомните ребенку, что он всегда может обратиться к вам.


The subject you tutor should be one that you're strong in, so think about which classes you make A’s in. If you make A’s in multiple subjects narrow it down to your favorite subject or two. Since you'll be teaching others, you'll need to have mastered the subject yourself. Most tutors focus on a particular grade level or subject level, such as 2nd-3rd grade, high school level, or simply geometry. Decide which level best suits your skills.  Go online and look up assignments for the grade levels you're considering to see if you can do the work. Consider classes you recently aced, such as the math or science class you took last year. for yourself. Include any kind of tutoring experience you’ve had, including tutoring your friends and family members. Try to think of times that you’ve helped your classmates, as well. This will help you craft a better ad, as well as help you explain to parents why they should hire you.  Include clubs that you’re a member of if they’re related to the subject you want to tutor. For example, list math club if you want to tutor math, or the literary criticism team if you want to tutor English. Include honors classes and related awards, such as a mathletes trophy. If you don’t have any experience, look for volunteer opportunities or tutor someone you know who struggles in that subject. Ask if you can tutor them for free to gain experience for your resume. Check the going rates for other tutors in your area. Set your rates based on how much people with a similar skillset to yours are charging. Tutors often make between $17 to $45 an hour, based on experience. You can tutor in your clients’ homes, in your home, or in at a third location, such as a coffee shop or the library. Decide if you have a location preference, or if you’re willing to work with the client. Outline this information in your ad. If you plan to go to the client, talk to them about travel time when you’re quoting the job.

TL;DR in Russian:

Выберите предмет. Очертите уровень компетенции.  Составьте резюме Определите расценки. Выберите место.


The subjunctive is used to express sentences like "I want you to do something," "It is necessary that we talk," or "she hopes that he ______." Unfortunately, there is no real subjunctive tense in English to compare with the French. The easiest way to comprehend the subjunctive is to read French and speak to French speakers, noting where they use it. The most common phrases that use subjunctive are "il faut que + pronoun + subjunctive verb" ("It's necessary that someone does (verb)") and "je veux que + pronoun + subjunctive verb" ("I want someone to do (verb)") " Before conjugating any subjunctive phrase, remember that the subjunctive tense always begins with "que," which translates as "that" or "who/whom." Examples: Il faut que, (it is necessary that), aimer mieux que (prefer that) This works for irregular verbs as well. Start conjugating subjunctive by dropping the "-ent" from the plural 3rd person verb form. The same same thing happens in English: the stem of "to walk," for example, is walk (walk, walks, walked, walking, etc.). Examples include:  Parler: Parlent → "parl"  Finir: Finissent → finniss"  Entendre: Entendent → "entend"' There is only one set of endings for the subjunctive tense in French. They are "-e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent." Remember to add the "que" as well. The following examples translate the phrase "it is necessary that (I, you, she, they, etc.) talks."   First person: "-e." Il faut que je parle → It is necessary that I talk.   Second person: "-es." Il faut que tu parles → It is necessary that you talk.   Third person: "-e" Il faut que il parle → it is necessary that he talks.   Plural first person: "-ions." Il faut que nous parlions → It is necessary that we talk.   Plural second person: "-iez."Il faut que vous parliez → It is necessary that you all talk.   Plural third person: "-ent."Il faut que elles parlent → It is necessary that they talk. Any verb that does not end in "-ent" in the present tense 3rd person plural ("They," or "Ils/Elles") has an irregular stem. Luckily, the...

TL;DR in Russian:

Сослагательное наклонение выражает желаемое действие или личное отношение. Все фразы в сослагательном наклонении начинаются с "que". Найдите "основу" глаголов, отбросив окончание"-ent" формы настоящего времени третьего лица множественного числа. Добавьте к основе окончание сослагательного наклонения. Различайте неправильные глаголы в сослагательном наклонении. Запомните спряжение глаголов "etre" и "avoir".


The sublimation of dry ice to carbon dioxide will cause the container to expand and possibly explode.  Dry ice can cause a violent eruption if packed too tightly.  Some people have been brought up on felony criminal charges for purposely confining dry ice until it explodes, creating a dry ice "bomb." Don't store dry ice in metal or glass containers, as an explosion can create shrapnel which can cause cuts or other serious injuries. The carbon dioxide from the dry ice will gradually begin to replace oxygen and can cause suffocation if breathed exclusively. Air out storage areas that have previously housed dry ice before entering. Even though no one may be around, spills and other accidents can occur if not under strict supervision. Don't leave dry ice on tiled or solid surfaced counter tops as the extreme cold could crack it. You will likely freeze the water in the pipes and may even cause them to rupture. The extreme compactness of a pipe will also cause dry ice to expand quicker and may cause an explosion.

TL;DR in Russian:

Не храните сухой лед в полностью герметичном контейнере. Не допускайте хранение сухого льда в погребах, подвалах, машинах или других плохо проветриваемых помещениях. Старайтесь не оставлять сухой лед без присмотра. Не выбрасывайте сухой лед в канализацию, раковину, туалет, или мусоропровод.