When you're ready to plant, till the soil about 6 inches (15.2 cm) deep and add a layer (1 cup per 20 feet) of phosphorous fertilizer. However, only do this if your soil is low on phosphorus. Be sure to test your soil first to find out. Using a mixture such as 10-20-10 or 0-20-0 will provide an extra boost for your developing onions. At this point, be sure to remove any weeds that may be present in the garden plot you're planting in. Plant onions so that no more than one inch of soil is placed above the sets or seedlings; if too much of the bulb is buried, the growth of the onion will be reduced and constricted. Space onion sets 4–6 inches (10.2–15.2 cm) apart, and onion seeds 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) apart. As your onions begin to grow, you can transplant them and space them further apart in order to increase their growing size. Place your seeds in the holes you've dug, covering them with ¼ to ½ inch of soil. The sets should be no more than two inches deep. Use your hands or shoes to firmly tamp the soil over the top of the onions; they grow better in firm, rather than loose, soil. Finish up planting by adding a bit of water, and you're set to watch them grow! Transplanted onions require more water than sets or seeds, so give yours a little extra moisture if that's what you planted. Onions are relatively delicate plants, as they have a fragile root system that can easily be damaged or abused by weeds and tugging. Use a hoe to cut off the tops of any weeds that emerge, rather than pulling them out; tugging the weeds could tug out the  roots of the onions, and make growing difficult. Give your onions about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of water per week, and supplement with a nitrogen fertilizer once a month for nutrients. Immediately after planting, add a light layer of mulch between each plant to lock in moisture and block out weeds.  If you want your onions to taste a bit sweeter, give them more water than you normally would. If any of your onions flower, pull them out. These onions have 'bolted' and won't continue to...

TL;DR in Russian:

Подготовьте почву. Выкопайте ямки. Посадите лук. Ухаживайте за вашим участком с луком. Соберите урожай лука.


When you're saying "goodbye" to someone you know relatively well, you can use "Mach's gut."  Pronounce "Mach's gut" as: mahxs goot  The phrase literally means "do well" ("Mach's" is a conjugated form of "do," and "gut" means "good" or "well"). Translated more loosely, however, the phrase is essentially the equivalent of the English, "Take care!" When you're separating from friends in a fairly casual setting, you can use "Bis bald" to say "see you soon" or "bye for now."  Pronounce "Bis bald" as: biss bahllt  "Bis" is a conunction meaning "until," and "bald" is an adverb meaning "soon," so a fairly direct translation would be "until soon." There are several other phrases that are similar in both construction and meaning:  "Auf bald" (owf bahllt), meaning "onto soon" or "see you soon" "Bis dann" (biss dahn), meaning "until then" "Bis später" (biss speetahr), meaning "until later" " Essentially, this is a polite yet informal way to say "see you later" when speaking with friends and acquaintances.  Pronounce "Wir sehen uns" as: veer zeehn oons  You would leave the phrase at this if you do not know when you'll see each other next, but if you've made plans for your next meeting, it would be better to add "dann" (dahn) to the end of the phrase: "Wir sehen uns dann." This changes the meaning to "see you then." " This means "have a good day" in German, and you can generally use it with loved ones and strangers alike.  Pronounce "Schönen Tag" as: shoon-ehn tahg  You may also hear this spoken as "Schönen Tag noch," (shoon-ehn tahg noc), which is actually the full version of the phrase. Similarly, you can use "Schönes Wochenende" (shoon-eh vahk-ehn-end-ah) if you wish to say "have a good weekend" rather than "have a good day."

TL;DR in Russian:

Говорите "Mach's gut" в повседневной обстановке. Предложите кому-нибудь "Bis bald" или нечто подобное. Уйдите, сказав "Wir sehen uns". Пожелайте кому-нибудь хорошего дня с помощью фразы "Schönen Tag".


When you're selecting herbs, you want to pick very perky bunches and avoid any with lots of wilting leaves, or any sliminess or spotting. Generally, leafy herbs will spoil more quickly, compared to heartier herbs, which can be stored more easily.  Leafy herbs include basil, cilantro, parsley, and mint, and should be stored in water in the fridge. Hearty herbs include sage, rosemary, thyme, and dill. These herbs should be bundled loosely and stored in the fridge, wrapped loosely in paper towel, but not in water. Whether you've bought your herbs in a bunch at the market, or purchased them fresh in a plastic container, it's a good idea to remove the binding and examine them. Remove any wilting, spotted, or slimy stalks, and trim the end of all of the stems.  Dry them thoroughly. Leafy herbs will spoil much more quickly if they're wet. You don't have to trim much, just the very end of the stems. No more than a centimeter or two. Do not remove the leaves from the stems. If you want to dry or freeze your herbs, skip to the next section. Generally, you want to treat fresh herbs the same way you would treat fresh-cut flowers. Put about 1-2 inches of clean filtered water at the bottom of a drinking glass and let your herbs sit with the cut stems submerged. Keep them unbridled and loose. Don't submerge the leaves in water. Just the ends of the stems. Think flowers. Use a loose, open paper towel wrapped around the top of the leaves, and tucked into the glass. This helps to keep the moisture around the herbs, without trapping it against the leaves. It also helps keep the herbs from taking on the smells of your refrigerator. If you don't have a paper towel, a plastic bag can work just as well. These tend to trap moisture against the leaves, making them spoil more quickly, but they can work just fine. Depending on how old your herbs were when you bought them, they should stay fresh in the fridge for up to a week. Change out the water every couple of days, and make sure they're not wilting or spoiling.  Remove individual...

TL;DR in Russian:

Выберите для хранения свежие и неповрежденные травы. Достаньте траву из пакета, дайте ей подсохнуть и оборвите стебли. Поставьте только что подрезанные стебли в стакан со свежей водой. Прикройте траву сухим бумажным полотенцем, чтобы она не высохла. Храните траву в холодильнике в течение 5–7 дней.


When you're sitting in class, it can be easy to doze off when the teacher is at the front of the room talking and you aren't doing anything with your mind or body to stay engaged. But just like you don’t fall asleep in the middle of a conversation with your friends, so too will participating in the class discussion help you stay awake.  As the teacher speaks, take down notes and formulate questions about the material you're learning. If there's something you can't figure out, put up your hand and ask a question about it. When the teacher poses questions to the class, don’t be afraid to put up your hand and provide an answer. Some teachers will put you on the spot for a while because of any noticeable inattentiveness. Your teacher may not allow this, but if you are permitted, get up and go to the back of the class or to get a drink of water if you feel like you're starting to doze off. Staying active is a huge key to staying awake in class, because it keeps your mind and body alert and focused. If your teacher doesn’t have a policy about this, ask if it’s acceptable to walk around quietly during class. Many teachers would actually prefer that you do this instead of falling asleep during their lectures. In case your teacher doesn’t want you getting up during class time, you can still keep your body active in your chair. Move around in your chair, stretch, and exercise your limbs while staying seated.  If you feel you're nodding off, sit up straight and stretch. Move your head from side to side to make your neck limber, and gently twist sideways from the waist to stretch your back.  Kick your legs in front of your desk and stretch them out, and push your arms out in front of you to stretch them as well. Just like stretching and moving in your chair, fidgeting can also keep your body active, and this will prevent you from getting sleepy. The important thing is to do this quietly, otherwise you may distract other students.  Quietly tap your feet on the floor and your fingers on the desk. Keep your feet planted on...

TL;DR in Russian:

Задавайте вопросы, связанные с материалом, а также отвечайте на вопросы учителя. Встаньте и походите. Потянитесь и немного подвигайтесь, сидя на стуле. Ерзайте на стуле во время того, как слушаете учителя. Откройте окно. Ополосните лицо прохладной водой.


When you're sure you've nailed down the proper length and angle of the clubs you need, the next step in the customization process is figuring out what kind of flex and grip works best for your particularly style of play. To do this, most custom fitters will want to watch you swing, but you can also provide some of the basic information necessary yourself to figure out what will improve your game the most.  To determine your swing speed, you'll likely need access to an electronic launch monitor and a radar machine available at most high-end pro shops. It'll be difficult to do at home. In general, though, most amateurs fall somewhere in the neighborhood of 80–85 mile (129–137 km)-per-hour swings. In general, people with faster swings prefer stiff shafts on their woods and iron shafts on the irons. People with slower swings are more likely to prefer flex shafts on the woods and graphite shafts on the irons. When you're hitting with your wooden drivers, it's helpful to keep track of your average drive on each different club, which can help to match you with a properly flexed set of drivers. Follow the guidelines below to determine the flex your woods should have.  Less than 180 yards (165 meters), use ladies flex. Between 181 to 200 yards (166 to 183 meters), use senior flex. Between 200 to 235 yards (183 to 215 meters), use regular flex. Between 236 to 275 yards (216 to 251 meters), use stiff flex. More than 275 yards (251 meters), use extra-stiff flex. Determining iron flex will depend on which club you generally use to hit a shot of 150 yards (137 meters). So, in other words, if you were lining up to take a 150 yard shot, which club would you reach for?  If a 4 or 5 iron, ladies flex. If a 5 iron, senior flex. If a 6 iron, soft regular flex. If a 7 iron, regular flex. If a 7 or 8 iron, firm flex. If an 8 iron, stiff flex. If a 9 iron, extra stiff flex. A golf glove should fit snugly without wrinkles or creases, working with the grip on the individual clubs to give you the most secure and comfortable contact...

TL;DR in Russian:

Если есть возможность, определите скорость своего удара. Отследите, на какое расстояние вы обычно посылаете мяч драйвом. Определите гибкость для айронов. Подгонять клюшку нужно под перчатки для гольфа.


When you're talking to him, stand or sit close. Really close. He should be able to see down your shirt, smell your perfume, and look deep into your lustful eyes. Get playful and move to sitting in his lap. You'll be sending his hips a direct message about exactly where you want them to be. Once you've moved on to kissing, own that kiss. Show him who's boss. Nibble a little. Be passionate. Give him a little taste of what he can expect. Use touch to show him what you have in mind. A casual caress or even a firm grope can show him you mean business. If he's not taking the hint, tell him exactly what you have in mind. Guys will find that taking that kind of initiative is really sexy. Just say something like, "I'm feeling pretty tense. I think I could use a workout. Do you want to get out of here and help me get a little exercise?"

TL;DR in Russian:

Приблизьтесь к нему. Сядьте к нему на колени. Завоюйте этот поцелуй! Пусть ваши руки говорят за вас. Скажите ему, что вы хотите.


When you're talking to someone else, let her lead the conversation. This can indicate that you're shy and may make you seem mysterious and more irresistible.  Avoid being totally silent, which may make your conversation partner think something is wrong with you or her. Stutter your way to avoid awkward silences especially with ums or uhs. Still be fairly talkative so you don't end up in weird pauses. Let the other person ask questions or offer longer statements before you respond. Make sure to glance often and directly at your chatting partner.  Consider repeating what the person says in a playful way. For example, “you're a boxer, are you?” Give your conversation partner answers with your eyes, smile, and head gestures. This can make you appear shy—and cute.  Answer funny or flirty questions with a smile and tilting your head to one side. Widen your eyes, look directly at the person, smile, and nod your head if your chatting partner says something that sounds good to you.  Keep your tone light and easy. This might involve raising your voice a bit.  Glance away briefly when you're talking, which can make you seem shy.  Blush on cue if you can. Keeping a little distance between you and your chatting partner can make you seem shy. Don't stand too far away, just enough to keep the conversation going and her interest in you.  Sit close to the person and keep a hand on the table somewhat near to hear. This can indicate you want to touch her during conversation but are too shy to make a move. Touch the person instead of answering questions. Keep the touch quick and superficial. Follow it up with a look or brief answer if need be.

TL;DR in Russian:

Позвольте другому человеку начать разговор. Отвечайте жестами. Оградите свое личное пространство.


When you're talking to the girl you like, you want to make her feel special. People like it when others take an interest in them and the girl you like is no different. Showing that you care about her thoughts will make her more interested in you, as a result.  Ask her opinion on things, even if it's something silly. For example: say you're wearing a shirt that your friend doesn't like, ask for her opinion on whether the shirt is silly or not. Tell her she's the final judge. It'll make her laugh and feel important. Pay attention to the things that she does and says, so you can ask questions about it. For example, if she mentions going rock climbing, ask her how she got started rock climbing and what she enjoys about it. People like talking about themselves, so before you jump in with stories of your own, ask her another question about what she thinks. In this day and age people have really lost the skill of listening (Really listening) to one another. Real listening is when you take the time to absorb what someone is saying rather than thinking about the next thing you're going to say or what you're going to have for dinner.  For example: even if you're at a loud party, when you're having a conversation with her, maintain eye contact, ask questions and if your mind strays, ask for clarification (you can use the loud party as an excuse: "Sorry, it's really loud in here. Can you repeat what you just said?"). To this end, when you're having a conversation with her, don't fidget with stuff, or keep looking all around the room, or keep checking your phone. She'll feel that you don't really care what she has to say. Laughter is a great way to bond with someone. This doesn't mean that you need to be the class clown (Actually, it will probably work best if you aren't). All this means is that you make her laugh and say a few entertaining things. Now, everyone has a different sense of humor and you know her best, but if you're not sure there are a few things to do that rarely fail.  Gently poke fun at yourself. You...

TL;DR in Russian:

Задавайте ей вопросы. Слушайте. Смешите ее. Флиртуйте с ней. Расскажите ей о своих чувствах.


When you're trying to change your diet and eat more healthfully, planning out your meals can be helpful.  Write out your breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack options for a week at a time. Note if you'll need to have a day of meal prep set aside to help make meals quicker. For breakfast you might have 1/2 grapefruit with a bowl of oatmeal, or you could have a scrambled egg with sauteed vegetables and low fat cheese. For lunch you could have a large salad with lettuce, spinach, beets, carrots, a handful of walnuts, 1/2 avocado, and beans (black or garbanzo). Drizzle a little balsamic vinegar over the top. For dinner you might go for grilled salmon (with a little dill and lemon), a serving of brown rice, and grilled zucchini. If you need a snack, go for protein and a fruit or vegetable. Try a hard-boiled egg and an apple or greek yogurt with blueberries and ground flax seed. Calorie counting, limiting certain food groups or restricting carbs or fat isn't always an easy diet plan to follow or all that natural. Consuming all foods and keeping an eye on portions is an easier and more natural way to help start weight loss.  When you're measuring and monitoring your portion sizes, you will naturally cut out some calories which can help you lose weight. Invest in a food scale, measuring cups or measuring spoons to help keep you on track. You may also want to measure any bowls, cups, or containers you have at home to see how much food they hold. Measuring portions doesn't mean you have to be hungry all the time, if you use strategies to feel more full. Eating the right foods will go a long way towards helping you lose weight and keep it off.  Eating a balanced diet means that you're consuming adequate amounts of each nutrient your body needs to function.  You'll need to consume the recommended servings of each food and food group to help you meet your daily nutrient needs. Measuring your portion sizes can help you manage this. In addition to eating foods from each food group, it's wise to each a large variety of foods...

TL;DR in Russian:

Составьте план питания. Измеряйте порции. Следите, чтобы ваш рацион был сбалансирован. При каждом приеме пищи употребляйте 80–110 граммов белковых продуктов. Ежедневно съедайте по меньшей мере пять порций овощей и фруктов. Отдавайте предпочтение продуктам из цельных зерен. Иногда делайте себе поблажки. Пейте воду.


When you're trying to get a man in the mood after initial introductions, try playing a game together. Go to a tennis court and play a round. Play a card or board game. Try competitive video games. Competition can spike testosterone levels in both men and women, leading to higher sexual arousal. Pomegranate juice has been shown to boost men's sex drives in a few studies. If you're interested in seducing a man, try offering him a cocktail using pomegranate juice. If he doesn't drink, offer him plain pomegranate juice as a beverage. If you're trying to set a romantic or sexual scene, consider a new hairstyle. Men might not notice right away that you've changed your hair, but they will notice you're looking more put together. This can be attractive.  Much like planning an outfit, pick something you feel good about rather than catering explicitly to a man's interests. While a guy might say he prefers long, layered hair, if you feel sexiest with a short bob that will be conveyed in how you act with your new style.  Talk to a hair stylist about what style and color would be most flattering for you. Talk to one another about sexual fantasies. These do not have to be fantasies you intend to engage in, but just sharing secret desires can enhance both of your sex drives.  Talk about scenes from movies or television shows you found arousing. You can even try watching some of these films together to get you both in the mood. A fun game to play can be "Never Have I Ever," but a sexy version. In this game, you both take turns say something sexual you've never done but have always been curious about. This can be a fun predecessor to physical contact.

TL;DR in Russian:

Попробуйте поиграть в игру вместе. Используйте гранат. Сделайте стрижку. Делитесь фантазиями.


When you're trying to live a healthier life, your diet may be one thing you want to change.  Writing up a new meal plan for yourself can help give you the guidelines you need to eat healthy all week long.  A meal plan is your blueprint for each meal, snack and beverage throughout the week. This plan can also allow you to see and plan each of your choices.  You can feel confident that what you're eating each day meets your new healthier life. To start your meal plan, get a pen and paper and write out each day of the week.  Write down all your meals, snacks and drinks. Writing a meal plan can also help you have a more organized grocery list. Mindful eating is a way of eating that helps you bring more attention and focus to how you eat.  Mindful eating is important to a healthier life as it helps you enjoy eating.  People who eat mindfully typically eat less, have an easier time losing weight and get more satisfaction out of their meals.  Eating mindfully involves a variety of things.  To start, turn off all electronics (like your phone or TV) and remove any other distractions.  You need to be able to fully focus on your meal. When you're eating pay attention to how your food looks, how it tastes, the textures and temperatures.  Really concentrate on each bite. Also take at least 20-30 minutes to eat your meal.  When you take your time with your meal, you may end up eating less and enjoy your meal more. A well-balanced diet is the cornerstone of a healthy diet.  Eating well is important to help you live a healthier life.  When you eat a well-balanced diet you're able to consume all the recommended nutrients your body needs.  Your less at risk for nutrient deficiencies and other side effects of a poor quality diet.  You will feel and be healthier. A well-balanced diet is one that includes all five food groups each day.  In addition, its a diet that features a wide variety of food.  Don't eat the same few foods each day.  This limits your ability to eat a wide variety of nutrients. When you read the nutrition...

TL;DR in Russian:

Составьте план питания. Уделяйте внимание тому, что вы едите. Придерживайтесь сбалансированной диеты. Обратите внимание на размер порций. Пейте больше воды. Ограничьте употребление алкоголя. Подумайте насчет пищевых добавок.


When you're trying to maintain a relationship, don't expect the other person to be someone they are not. While it's possible for the members of a couple to compromise on a variety of important issues and even change minor aspects of themselves for their partner, at their cores, most people are the same person for the long haul. Avoid having any sorts of illusions about your partner or assigning them qualities that they lack. Similarly, don't expect a partner to change a major part of who they are to appease you. For example, it's OK to ask your partner (politely, of course) to start taking the garbage out sometimes — this is a reasonable place to look for compromise. However, it's not OK to expect your partner to suddenly decide to want kids if they don't already — this is a deeply personal decision that can't reasonably be undone. Just as you shouldn't try to conceal or change any major part of your partner, it's important to do the same yourself. When dating, it may be tempting to appease someone you like by manipulating the truth about your past or present situation. However, this not only leads to personal guilt, but also poses the risk of problems down the road. When the other person inevitably learns the truth, the level of trust in the relationship can seriously suffer. For example, while it's perfectly OK to dress a little fancier than you normally would for your first few dates, you wouldn't want to pretend that you're agnostic when you actually are quite religious just to make your date happy. Misleading your partner about yourself — either by lying or omitting information about yourself — is an act of deception that, for many people, can be difficult to recover from. What's the best way to find out if you can spend long amounts of time with someone else? Try to do it! To know if a relationship will work in the long-term, it's very important to spend lots of time in the other person's company (ideally in a wide range of environments). If you can stand to be around someone for days, weeks, or months...

TL;DR in Russian:

Оставьте ожидания. Будьте собой. Проводите много времени с потенциальным партнером. Не торопитесь. Следите за своим поведением рядом с партнером. Приготовьтесь идти на жертвы.


When you're trying to woo Mr. Right, you want to show him that you're Ms.-soon-to-be-Mrs. Right. One of the best ways to do this is to show that you are a good person. Show him respect but also, importantly, show respect to others as well. We can tell a lot about a person by how they treat others and if you're kind to the people you don't have to be kind to, that's a good sign. Mr. Right wants someone who thinks they're worth loving and respecting, so show him you think you're worthwhile by respecting yourself. Don't speak poorly of yourself, speak up for yourself in interpersonal situations, wear clothing that isn't demeaning (too big, too small, to revealing, etc), and practice good hygiene, a healthy diet, and reasonable exercise regimen. Mr. Right isn't really Mr. Right if he doesn't fall for who you are as a person. No matter what, being yourself is the most important thing. If a guy doesn't like you the way you are, he isn't worth the time of day. Let your true passions show through, celebrate your positives and embrace your faults as a person. You should never try to be someone that you're not, since this in unhealthy for you and your relationships. A passionate, enthusiastic person is very attractive to just about everyone so engage yourself in pursuing your passions. Do the things that you want to do and get out there to try new things you've always wanted to pick up. Mr. Right will think that this passion is sexy. Guys find clear communication to be one of the most important skills in a relationship, so show him that you're the safe bet by communicating clearly and often. This is also important because it lets you solve problems in your relationship before they become too big to fix, making your relationship more stable and enjoyable for both of you. You know the game: you tease him, make him think you're interested, and then act cold or oblivious right after. You carefully meter out when you call him and how much time he can spend with you to make him want more. This is very manipulative behavior...

TL;DR in Russian:

Уважайте его и всех остальных. Уважайте себя. Будьте самой собой. Живите своими интересами и увлечениями. Способствуйте прозрачному и частому общению между вами. Перестаньте играть в игры. Проявляйте инициативу.


When you're used to being in a leadership role, it can be excruciating to step aside and wait for someone else to step up, and even more torturous to watch them fumble at a task that you can accomplish so quickly and easily. But what's the rush? Will it really be the end of the world if things don't go as smoothly as planned? Relax. Take a deep breath. Wait. You'll find that if you just have patience, everything will get done without you having to fight for it.  If others sense that you're being impatient, they'll be much more likely to rush and not to get the job done as well as you'd like. There's a difference between applying gentle pressure and stressing people out. Give people manageable deadlines that they can work with instead of asking for everything to be done in a ridiculously short time frame. Sometimes we're bossy because we want things done right, and there's nothing wrong with striving for a job well done. However, there's more than one way to achieve a good result, and just because your way is the most efficient to get from Point A to Point B doesn't mean it's the best way. By assuming your way is the best way, you lock out the creativity of others, and you also chip away at morale. Perfectionism can actually impede excellence, because it creates a fear of making mistakes, and the possibility of making mistakes is essential for good work.  If you're really having a hard time doing this, tell yourself that being a perfectionist is actually imperfect. Perfectionism is a paradox that prevents you from doing your best work. Say to yourself "Life isn't perfect and that's okay." Many bossy people focus their attention on incompetence, and they fail to notice potential and progress. Try to be more alert to people's individual talents. Give positive feedback. Positive feedback is psychologically fulfilling and will motivate people far more than nitpicking about their performance.  If you notice that a person is doing well and are impressed with the work that person is putting in, then you should praise...

TL;DR in Russian:

Будьте терпеливы. Забудьте о перфекционизме. Инвестируйте в людей. Учитесь общаться. Стремитесь к достижению консенсуса. Просите предоставить вам честный отзыв.


When you're waiting for your turn to speak at the podium, calm, quiet relaxation will probably be the last thing on your mind. However, knowing how to calm your nerves ahead of time can make an otherwise stressful speech a relative breeze. Below are just a few patented techniques to help minimize problems caused by a case of the jitters during your speech:  Rapid heartbeat: Breathe deeply and slowly. Concentrate on someone in the room you're comfortable around, like a friend or family member. Start delivering the words of your speech — you'll naturally relax once you start talking. Racing, panicked thoughts:  Take deep breaths. Look out into the audience and see the humor in their blank, expressionless faces. Alternatively, imagine that the members of the audience are somehow unimportant or laughable (e.g., that they're all in their underwear, etc.) Dry mouth: Bring a bottle of water with you onstage to drink as you need it. Consider also chewing gum before (but not during) your speech. Mimicking the process of eating can have a calming effect on the emotions. In addition, it can stimulate saliva production, preventing a dry mouth. Trembling: Breathe deeply and slowly. If necessary, try slowly tensing and releasing the muscles in the trembling body part to work out the excess energy from your adrenaline high. Above all, relax. You've prepared, so you have no reason to worry about how the speech will turn out. Worrying will only make it harder to deliver the great speech that you're perfectly capable of giving. Even people who otherwise have no tics or neuroses sometimes develop strange repetitive behaviors when put under pressure in public. The best cure for nearly any sort of tic is to relax with the techniques listed above. However, in addition, making a mental list of common speech-giving tics ahead of time can allow you to catch them if you notice them appear while you're delivering your speech. Below are just a few of the most common problems you'll probably want to avoid:   Hurrying or rushing through...

TL;DR in Russian:

Управляйте волнением с помощью методов борьбы со стрессом. Знайте, чего следует избегать. Говорите медленно и четко. Установите зрительный контакт. Помните, что все присутствующие — такие же люди.


When you're with other people, split up and mingle. Try your best to stay engaged in the conversation. If you find yourself zoning out and looking around for your crush, the potential for love is there. If you catch them stealing a glance at you, the feeling might be mutual. Consider involuntary responses when you're around your crush. Look out for rapid heart rate, hot flashes, shaky hands, and sweaty palms. Notice whether you suddenly clam up out of fear of what to say. Reactions like these signal lust and infatuation, not love. Consider how often you share your possessions with this person (or how prepared you are to do so). Imagine they want to borrow that rare vinyl album you just bought at auction. If you share or are willing to share, it could be love. This doesn't mean giving up your career plans or letting your crush take advantage of you. It does mean giving a little to brighten their day. Think about the last time this person was sick. If you canceled your weekend binge-watching to take care of them, you could be in love. On the other hand, if your first reaction was to complain, it's infatuation at best. Love makes you feel comfortable. In relaxed situations, you're likely to imitate the other person's actions, even if you're not aware of it. Make a mental note if you catch yourself taking a sip of coffee almost at exactly the same time they do. It's not a surefire sign of love, but it increases the likelihood. This is especially important when your crush succeeds at something you've failed at. For example, they were awarded the promotion you were vying for. If your first reaction is to throw a party, you're likely in love. On the other hand, if you mumble a disappointed “That's nice” and avoid them the rest of the day, it's just infatuation. Think about the number of friends and family members you've introduced this person to (or want to introduce them to). Ask yourself how important it is that they like this person. If you've introduced them to your best friend(s) and closest family members, and...

TL;DR in Russian:

Сделайте небольшую паузу. Обратите внимание на свои физические реакции. Оцените свою щедрость. Подумайте о том, как часто вам приходится чем-то жертвовать. Обратите внимание на «зеркальное отражение». Оцените свою реакцию на успех этого человека. Подумайте о своем круге общения.


When you're writing dialogue, the most important thing to remember is to put the dialogue that was said in quotes, and to end the dialogue with a comma within the quote if you're going to tag it, or attribute it to a speaker. Using a comma followed by an end quote and then a verb and the name or pronoun of the person who said it, or followed by the name and then the verb, is the most common way to punctuate dialogue. Here are some examples:  “I want to spend all day reading in bed,” Mary said. “I wish I could do that, but I have to go to work,” Tom said. “You can get some rest over the weekend,” said Mary. When you start a sentence with a dialogue tag, then the same rules apply, except you'll be using a verb and a noun at the beginning of a sentence followed by a comma, an opening quote, the dialogue, a period or another form of closing punctuation, and another quote. Here are some examples:  Mary said, “I think I'll have cupcakes for breakfast.” Tom said, “Do you think that's the healthiest option?” She said, “Absolutely not. Which is exactly what makes it appealing.” Another way to punctuate dialogue is to write a sentence with a dialogue tag in the middle. This is a way of creating a pause while continuing the sentence. To do this, you should tag the first part of the sentence as you normally would, except that you don't put a period at the end and use a comma to introduce the second half of the sentence instead. The thing to keep in mind is that you shouldn't capitalize the second half of the same sentence or thought. Here are some examples:  “I'd like to go running,” Mary said, “but I'd rather just sit in this rocking chair.” “There are few things more appealing than sitting in that rocking chair,” Tom said, “but sometimes running may be just the thing you need.” “I need running about as much as I need…” Mary said, “a stone in my shoe.” Another way to punctuate dialogue is to tag one sentence as you normally would, using a period at the end, and then starting a new sentence without attributing the...

TL;DR in Russian:

Выделяйте знаками препинания предложение, которое оканчивается цитатой диалога. Расставляйте знаки препинания в предложении, которое начинается с прямой речи. Расставляйте знаки препинания в предложении, где прямая речь в середине. Расставляйте знаки препинания там, где прямая речь идет между двумя предложениями. Выделяйте диалог без цитат.


When you're writing instructions, you must first be familiar with the task personally. Get all the tools and supplies you'll need and lay them out in roughly the order you'll need them. Write down everything needed. When you write your instructions, you may want to include a list of tools or materials that are necessary to complete the task. Even if you've successfully completed the task several times, it's still a good idea to walk yourself through it before you write your instructions, so you don't forget anything. If you're familiar with the task, you may be prone to taking short cuts, so make sure you don't skip any steps or omit any information your reader may not have. As you perform the task, take a moment to write down what you've done. This helps you keep the instructions in logical order. If you're doing the task as you write down the steps, you know exactly what needs to be done and when. Instructions for the same task may be written in different ways depending on who will be reading and attempting to follow your instructions. You'll write differently for teenagers than you will for adults. Consider the reason as well. The instructions for kids working on a project will be different from the instructions for parents helping their kids with a project. The introduction tells your readers what your instructions will enable them to do and what the final outcome will be if they complete all instructions. Keep in mind that most people will skip the introduction, or at most skim it, so don't include vital information or key warnings in the introduction.  If you included an important warning in the introduction, be sure to include it in your steps as well, in case someone skipped the introduction. For example, if you're explaining how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, you could mention that peanut butter and jelly is a wholesome, simple option that kids love for lunch or an afternoon snack.

TL;DR in Russian:

Соберите необходимые материалы. Выполните задачу самостоятельно. Составьте подробный план. Определите целевую аудиторию. Напишите черновой вариант короткого введения.


When you've acquired game the primary goal of which is the pelt, there are two basic methods of proceeding. Casing refers to removing the pelt from the carcass, starting around the back feet and working forward, pulling it off in one big piece. This is the best way to proceed. It's not usually recommend that you attempt to remove the organs first, which can ruin the valuable pelt. Open-skinng is typically only used on beavers and a few other animals. This involves removing the organs first, via a vertical slit up the torso of the animal, then removing the pelt and the tail at once. This isn't recommended for raccoons. Raccoons have a reputation for acquiring a lot of dirt, since they're scavenging creatures, which means you'll need to take a bit of time to clean them before getting started. Hang the carcass from a skinning gambrel by the feet, hooked through the tendon just behind the ankles to clean them.  If the raccoons appear to be fairly clean, run a hairbrush through the fur in the direction of the tail, end, to get out any debris, twigs, and dirt that might be difficult to see. If the raccoon seems clean, it's ok to start skinning. If you've got a muddy raccoon, hose it down until the water runs clear,  hang them by a front foot and hose them down until they run clear water, then let dry thoroughly before starting. If at all possible, it's best to avoid this, because the stiff bristles of the raccoon fur can become a lot more pliable and (to some people) less desirable if you rinse it. To get started, make a cut through the pelt between the legs of the animal, from the inside of one ankle to the next. Think of it like the inseam on a pair of jeans, connecting your cut from one ankle to the next in a "V" shape. "Cuff" the incision by running your knife around both "ankles" of the raccoon, loosening the skin. This will allow you to start pulling the skin down clearly.    Cut about an inch or so in diameter around the anus, starting at the base of the tail, where it connects to the body. Obviously, it's...

TL;DR in Russian:

Сначала удалите шкуру посредством сдирания. Тщательно почистите енота. Сделайте прямой надрез с внутренней стороны от одной задней лапы к другой. Сделайте надрез вокруг заднего прохода. Режьте вниз по длине хвоста. Потяните кожу вниз до плеч. Продвигайтесь к предплечьям медленно. Сделайте надрезы вокруг ушей и глаз. Отделите шкуру от носового хряща. Проверьте мясо на признаки заражения.


When you've collected your research, identify the most persuasive arguments and sources and use them as a jumping off point for your own argument. If you found that districts with schools that feature vending machines experience a 30 percent higher obesity rate, how can you transition that into an argument to support with that research? What does the research say? from your research. A thesis statement is the central thing you hope to prove by presenting your research. It should be debatable and specific, giving you a road map for where the research essay or project might go. A good thesis statement helps the writer as much as the reader, because it gives you a tangible thing to prove with the writing. A bad thesis statement might be "Schools need to do more to avoid obesity." This is vague and difficult to prove. What schools? What do they need to do? "Adams High School could significantly drop the obesity rate in the student body and even the region by removing the vending machines and offering a diversity of healthy choices" does a lot more to present an argument and give you something to prove. How do you present your research in a readable way?  Paraphrase to translate a source into your own words. These should always be attributed, but not quoted, and are most effective when you need to briefly summarize a position or argument. You've still given credit to the author, so we know the observation isn't your own. In other words, you might write: According to Adams, schools that feature vending machines in the lunch rooms experience an increase in obesity rates.  Quote any language directly sourced from the article. This is effectively used when there's something in the wording of the source that you want to emphasize or highlight as part of your research: According to Adams, "The inclusion of vending machines markedly increases the junk food desires of students in those schools, resulting in a chain reaction that rewards their bad choices."  Learn to recognize and avoid plagiarism. It can happen...

TL;DR in Russian:

Оцените свои источники. Изложите ваши исследования в форме тезисов. Научитесь перефразировать и эффективно цитировать. Цитируйте свои источники.


When you've gained experience at something, or have had time to generate a strong opinion about something, it can be hard to consider other perspectives or opinions.  This behaviour can make you come across as thinking you’re always right or are too stubborn to listen.  Allow yourself to consider other perspectives and options, and don’t assume you’re always right. This is especially important if you’ve wronged someone.  Your initial thinking when you wronged them may have been that your perspective was the ‘right’ perspective, or that you were doing it for the right reasons.  Re-evaluate that now and take a moment to understand the perspectives you did not consider before. Take a moment to realize that you have value.  Realize that you deserve to be cared for and loved.  Try to avoid endlessly judging and criticizing yourself for the wrong you have done.  Show yourself the same level of compassion that you would show someone else.  Show yourself self-compassion by writing yourself a letter.  Pretend you’re someone else and write the letter to yourself providing advice and showing compassion. Write down the negative thoughts or criticisms you’re saying or thinking to yourself.  Read them over and consider whether you’d actually say those things to a friend. As children we often avoid doing things because we’re afraid of the outcome.  Unfortunately we carry this behavior into our adult years and it prevents us from doing things that could otherwise benefit us.  When you’re considering doing something new, don’t allow the fear of what might happen prevent you from giving it a try.  Alternatively, you may have had a bad experience previously that is making you fearful of trying it again.  For example, maybe you had a car accident when you were learning to drive, so you never bothered to get your driver’s license.  Don’t allow this one mistake in your past to cause you to suffer in the future. If you’ve wronged someone you may be hesitant to put yourself in a similar situation in the future for fear that you’ll...

TL;DR in Russian:

Откройте себя для новых идей. Проявляйте к себе сострадание. Не поддавайтесь страху. Будьте самим собой. Смотрите в глаза реальности. Подумайте.


When you've hit your goal weight after following the 20/20 diet, there are many lifestyle habits that you'll need to continue in order to maintain that weight.  One of the is regular and consistent physical activity.  Research shows that one of the best ways to maintain a healthy weight or a weight loss is by including regular physical activity.  The 20/20 diet in addition to most health professionals will recommend that you include at least 150 minutes of cardiovascular activity each week.  Also include one to two days of strength training in addition to your cardio. For cardio, you can try:  the 20/20 diet's high-intensity interval training program, running, walking, using the elliptical, hiking, dancing or taking a spin class.  For resistance training, try:  lifting weights or taking a yoga or pilates class. "  One place that many dieters slip up, is when they increase how much they snack or cheat during their maintenance phase.  Too much of this behavior can cause weight regain.  The 20/20 diet specifically emphasizes that you should monitor your splurges and cheats.  It allows you two sensible splurges long-term, so use those wisely and make sure you stay accountable to those two splurges.  You may want to keep a food journal or diary during your maintenance phase.  This can help you plan for and remember splurges so that you don't overdo it. If you do notice some weight regain, one of the first places you should evaluate is the amount of splurges you've been having. One unique aspect of the 20/20 diet is the emphasis on emotional eating and your relationship with food.  It suggests continually monitoring this relationship and to work on controlling your cravings and desires to eat when you're feeling upset.  The 20/20 diet says that your emotions play a big part in how much you eat and what you choose to eat.  You need to continue to be aware of this so you don't fall back into old habits. The book associated with this particular diet gives a lot of great advice and tips on how to continually manage...

TL;DR in Russian:

Продолжайте регулярно упражняться. Ограничивайте вредные блюда и читмилы. Пересмотрите рекомендации диеты 20/20 по поводу эмоционального питания. Регулярно взвешивайтесь.


When you've met someone that you think you might like, show them that. While this doesn't mean getting super clingy and pouring your emotions all over them, it does mean that you give off signs of interest, like flirting.  Eye contact is the most basic and most important part of flirting. You can use this without any of the other accoutrement that articles on flirting always recommend. When you're talking with the guy, dancing with him, or giving him looks across the dance floor, maintain constant eye contact. In the beginning it might be a little uncomfortable, but it goes from uncomfortable to soul-piercing pretty quickly and builds a connection between the two of you. Smile. This will soften the intensity of your gaze, and it will also show that you are interested. Never try to fake a smile, because fake smiles never reach your eyes. Ask him questions about himself. People love to talk about themselves, so it will make him more likely to open up and to realize that you're interested in him. Don't immediately jump in after he talks with an anecdote of your own. Instead ask follow up questions on whatever he just said. You need to make sure that you have your own life outside of him. Have nights out with just your friends. Go and do fun things by yourself. Not only will you show that you aren't clingy, but the two of you will have more stuff to talk about when you meet up.  Don't drop everything to meet up with him every time he asks. You don't want to blow him off, or say no so many times he doesn't think you're interested. However, you do want to make it clear that you have things going on in your life other than him and while you enjoy being with him, he isn't the only thing you have going on. For example: if he calls and asks you to go out that night, say something like "I'd love to, but I promised my friend I'd go to her art exhibit opening. Maybe we could meet up next weekend?" You show that you have other things in your life, and you also show that you are interested in him. Laughter is a great way to...

TL;DR in Russian:

Проявите интерес. Поддерживайте собственную жизнь. Вызывайте у него смех. Будьте дружелюбны с его друзьями.


When you've spotted a lie the size of an elephant, it's not wise to be all, "You lying waste of space! That's obviously not true." The conversation will then take a turn you're not looking to take. Instead, form the first stage of your "accusation" more nicely, where the accused has a chance to right their wrong. Let's say you find out that your boyfriend didn't go over to his mom's this afternoon to help her around the house. Instead of saying, "Hey. I talked to your mom," start off with, "Hon, did you go to your mom's today?" And then you can launch into the, "She called. Why did you lie?" part of the conversation. It's the first time that's going to be the most awkward. After that, it's all downhill. When you catch them lying, let them know that what was said is "not accurate" or "not valid" -- but don't act as if you are the judge and jury. Just being direct while remaining calm, cool and clear is enough. It's going to take you calling them out time and time again for them to get the picture. But soon enough, like when a bell rings and food is presented, they'll know that when they lie, the habit will get disrupted. The main obstacle? Patience on your part. This one is messy territory. You need to let them know you're onto their act without saying, "I'm onto your act." You're a tactful social jiujitsu master, right? So next time your friend says, "Yeah, I disarmed bombs for the CIA back in '09," you can say, "Is that just about as true as the story you told about caging ferrets for a living?" And as they assure you that it's way more true than that ferret story, stay calm, smile, and tell them their history of untruths speaks for itself. You're not holding grudges; there's a difference. You're simply letting them know that their history of lying is now taking its toll on whether or not you believe a dang word that comes out of their mouth. That's rational, logical, and hard to refute -- they know it's true. Another kicker that's touchy. If your relationship is close enough and you're comfortable getting...

TL;DR in Russian:

предложите выход перед тем, как обратитесь ко лжи. Разрушайте эту привычку, снова и снова. Намекните на привычку врать. Предложите лечение.


When younger women talk to older men, they sometimes feel the need to explain in detail what precisely they like about older men. This might make the man feel like you're after a "type," not a person.  Instead of starting with why you're attracted to older men in general, focus first on why you want to talk to him specifically.  Do you like his salt and pepper hair? Is he particularly well-dressed? Did you overhear him talking about a subject that interested you? You want him to feel relaxed and comfortable with you, so let him decide whether he wants to talk about the elephant in the room. If he never brings up the age difference, that's fine. Discussing other subjects suggests you're not attracted to each other because of your ages. But, if he does bring up how much younger you are than him, don't shy away from the conversation.  After assuring him that you're interested in him for himself, you can move on to a discussion of why you may prefer older men in general. Don't dwell on past relationships, but speak in broad terms about what you think older men have to offer that men your age don't. Financial stability should not be the focus of this conversation. Think about all the other things older men can offer — emotional stability, perspective, a calmer lifestyle. Different men will have different approaches to dealing with the issue of financial stability. Let him choose how much he wants to reveal about his employment.  If you steer the conversation toward his job, he might wonder if you're flirting with him only because you think he's rich. On the other hand, he may want to show off his great job. Let him use it as a flirting asset, just like you're using your youth! Whether he has a great job or not, he may not want to talk to a younger woman if he thinks you need him to support you financially. Even if he doesn't choose to talk about his job, make a point of telling him about yours.  Don't discuss the specifics of your salary, of course. But talking about your job lets him know subtly that you're a...

TL;DR in Russian:

Позвольте ему почувствовать себя личностью, а не представителем определенного поколения. Обсуждайте разницу в возрасте, если эта тема возникнет. Пусть мужчина сам решит, хочет ли он говорить о своей работе. Продемонстрируйте личную финансовую независимость. Уважайте его мнение.


When your MRI first loads up, if you're lucky, it will be immediately obvious what you're looking at. However, in many cases, the image you see may be a completely unintelligible mix of black, white, and grey. Knowing how MRIs are shot can help you make sense of your images. The three main ways MRIs are displayed are:   Sagittal: Often the easiest for non-doctors to interpret. Sagittal MRIs are basically side or profile views of your body. The image is as if you've been sliced in half vertically, from your head to your pelvis.  Coronal: These images are basically a "head on" view of your body. You're looking at your features vertically from the front — as if you were standing facing the camera.  Cross-sectional: Often the hardest for non-doctors to interpret. Here, you're basically viewing thin slices of your body from the top down — as if you've been cut into many thin horizontal slices from your head to your toes like a salami. MRIs are in black and white, which can sometimes make it hard to tell parts of the body apart. Because there's no color, contrast is your best friend. Luckily, different types of tissue show up as different shades on an MRI, so it's easy to see contrast where differing tissues meet. The exact shade that each type of tissue will be depends on the MRI's contrast settings. The two main contrast settings are called T1 and T2. Though the differences between these settings are minor, they can help doctors find problems more efficiently. For instance, T2 is usually used for diseases (as opposed to injuries) because diseased tissues tend to show up better on this setting. MRI programs almost always have the ability to display more than one image at once. This makes it convenient for doctors to compare different views of the same area or even MRIs taken at different times. For most non-doctors, it's easiest to simply choose a one-image-at-a-time layout and cycle through the images individually. However, there should be onscreen instructions to show two, four, or many more images at once, so...

TL;DR in Russian:

Узнайте, какими способами можно просматривать снимки. Обратите внимание на контраст. Выберите подходящий режим просмотра. Нажмите на специальную линию, чтобы увидеть, где пересекаются проекции. Перетяните линию, чтобы рассмотреть разные области на снимке.


When your are contemplating a pregnancy, it is natural to have some hesitation. Try addressing the things that are causing you to pause. To begin, consider the financial ramifications of a pregnancy and of raising a child. Financial instability can contribute to emotional unpreparedness surrounding a pregnancy.  Children are expensive. And so is health care. It's essential to have the means to care for a child properly or you'll risk feeling overwhelmed and possibly even resentful. Discuss the financial details openly with your partner, including expectations about who will take time off work and when, if at all, the partner principally responsible for at-home baby care will return to work. If you choose to be a stay-at-home mom or dad, there will need to be very clear financial strategies set in place to ensure that this decision doesn't mean you're stretched beyond your abilities financially. Be realistic. Consider costs of doctor visits, food, clothing, daycare, etc. Try to reduce debt and save as much as possible before becoming pregnant. Many people are nervous about the physical impact of a pregnancy. Addressing this concern can help you feel more physically and emotionally ready for changes. Caring for the physical needs of your pregnant body can help to prepare you emotionally for a pregnancy.  Many women experience intense emotions as a result of hormone fluctuations and the dramatic changes that their bodies encounter during a pregnancy. Some women are shocked to find that they have "mommy brain" and can't think straight during some or all of the pregnancy. While this doesn't happen to all pregnant women, for those who do experience it, it can be very distracting. This might mean considering reduced duties if working, scheduling earlier bedtimes and getting help with things that you find tax your energy too much. By exercising regularly and eating healthy, you can take greater physical control over your body. In turn, this can help to create better emotional control. Get in the habit of getting some...

TL;DR in Russian:

Составьте бюджет. Подготовьте свой организм. Задайте себе вопросы. Подготовьтесь к изменениями в образе жизни. Поговорите с врачом.


When your body goes into stress mode, you will likely start to experience certain physical signs. These might include:  Your jaws are clenched and your muscles tense. Your head or stomach hurts. Your heart starts racing. You sweat (even the palms of your hands are sweaty). Your face flushes. Your body or your hands shake. You get dizzy. Anger is often accompanied by a flood of other emotions. After all, the amygdala, the center for emotions, is pumping out signals with all its might to meet a threat and ensure your survival. It isn't surprising that you can get a flood of other related emotions. These emotions are capable of sounding the alarms for the fight and flight response. In addition to anger, some emotions you might feel include:  Irritation Sadness Depression Guilt Resentment Anxiousness Defensiveness If you feel yourself getting angry and are experiencing the symptoms of anger listed above, you can tell yourself that you don't have to react right away. Counting can help you put off your feelings for the moment. It might feel a bit silly at first, but counting really can distract your long enough to calm down. Hold off on reacting and give yourself time to sort out your feelings. Try to get some space to yourself for a bit. If you can, excuse yourself and go to the bathroom, a stairwell, or outside while you do this, and this will help you feel comfortable deep breathing to calm down.  Breathe in for a count of four, hold for a count of four, and exhale for a count of four. Make sure you are breathing with your diaphragm rather than with your chest. When you breathe with your diaphragm, your belly extends out (you can feel it with your hand). Do this as many times as necessary until you start feeling calmer. Try saying something calming to yourself, such as, “Calm down,” or “Relax,” or “Take it easy.” Repeat this phrase over and over until you feel your anger start to dissipate. If you feel your blood boil, get out. Take a walk. Breathe deeply. If you are able to remove yourself from the situation,...

TL;DR in Russian:

Обращайте внимание на физические признаки. Обращайте внимание на эмоциональные признаки. Сосчитайте до десяти. Старайтесь глубоко дышать. Повторяйте себе успокаивающие слова или фразу. Смените обстановку. Попробуйте прогрессивное расслабление мышц. Найдите что-то смешное, чтобы отвлечься.


When your body is injured or stressed, it releases additional histamine to the affected area. This increases blood flow to that area and assists with healing. However, it also can trigger an itching sensation.  You may find relief with an over-the-counter antihistamine drug. The brand doesn't particularly matter, but you may want to try more than one as you may find one is more effective for you than others. Keep in mind that some antihistamines, such as Benadryl, may cause drowsiness, and this may be unsafe for running since you need to be alert.  Never take more than the recommended dose or more than one antihistamine at a time, as it could cause drowsiness and other side effects. Take your antihistamine about a half hour before you plan to go for your run. If you find that over-the-counter antihistamines reduce, but don't eliminate, your itching, you may want to talk to your doctor about getting a stronger drug in prescription form. You lose a lot of moisture through your breath, as well as through sweating. Particularly in the drier air of winter, your itching may be a result of dehydration because you're not drinking enough water.  Being dehydrated may contribute to your body's production of histamine, which could be the cause of your itching – especially if you don't have this problem during the warmer months or when you're running indoors on a treadmill. In cold weather, you may not feel much like drinking water. You don't necessarily want ice water (which will have a cooling effect on your body), but you do want to drink a glass of water 30 to 45 minutes before you go out running, and another when you're done with your run. If feasible, you also want to have a water bottle with you so you can drink water during your run – especially if you're running on a treadmill or going a long distance. If your itching is accompanied by redness, hives, or lesions, you may have exercise-induced urticaria. This is an allergic reaction triggered by exercise and typically controllable with medication.  If you have a...

TL;DR in Russian:

Примите антигистаминное средство без снотворного действия. Не допускайте обезвоживания. Раны и сыпь. Обратитесь к терапевту.


When your body senses the sun has come up, it’s a lot harder to get to sleep. The slightest bit of sun peeking out from around the edges of your blinds will cause your body to become more alert. If you want to be able to sleep during the day, invest in blackout curtains. They’re so sturdy and opaque, they block out all sunlight. When the sun comes up, you’ll have no idea that it’s daytime.  If you don’t want to buy a set of blackout curtains, get very dark, heavy drapes or cover your windows with thick, dark-colored blankets. Using a sleeping mask to block out light is also helpful if you don’t mind sleeping with something on your face. As the rest of the world wakes, they’ll start making all kinds of noises: the sound of a garbage truck barreling down the street, the neighbor calling his dog, your roommate’s microwave opening and closing. To defend against the onslaught of morning sounds, you’ll need a good pair of earplugs or noise-canceling headphones. If you don’t like wearing items on your head while you sleep, try using a white noise machine. These machines produce low, quiet sounds to which your ears quickly grow accustomed, and they block out the other more annoying sounds that might enter your room. This is a chemical the brain produces to put the body to sleep. Melatonin pills are a natural sleep aid that can help your body rest if you have trouble sleeping during the day. Unlike regular sleeping pills, they don’t have addictive properties and won’t leave you groggy when you wake up. If you’re interested in taking stronger sleeping pills that use synthetic chemicals to put the body to sleep, it’s best to discuss this with your doctor first. This is especially important if you have to drive or go to work upon waking. Even if you wake up at 6:00 in the evening, eat breakfast foods. This will signal to your brain and body that it’s the beginning of your day. If you eat lunch or dinner foods, you’ll be sending different signals. Follow the normal morning routine you’d have if you woke up at 8:00 am. Put...

TL;DR in Russian:

Используйте затемненные шторы. Также скройте все звуки. Используйте мелатонин. Ешьте завтрак, когда вы просыпаетесь. Попросите окружение вас не беспокоить.


When your body transitions from active to resting, everything slows down, and temperature drops. Raising the temperature from a hot shower or a workout session will slow that process down, making it more difficult to sleep. If you need exercise to get tired, or a shower to get comfortable, start it earlier so you have at least thirty minutes to cool down before going to sleep. If you want to shower right before bed, it's okay to take a warm shower, as this will not interfere with your sleep. Your brain chemistry interprets blue light as early dawn, which makes your brain more active. Phones, game consoles, and computers are all sources of blue light. Games, work, puzzles, and other activities that involve mental effort may make it especially difficult to sleep. If you decide to use your computer at night, install Flux to make your computer screen change to redder and pinker "sunset" colors at night. You probably know that caffeine and sugar keep you awake, including caffeine found in soda and chocolate. Other substances that disturb your sleep include B-vitamins, steroidal medication for asthma, beta-blockers, opiates, ginseng, and guarana. If you take any of these as regular evening supplements, take them earlier in the day instead.  Do not change your medication schedule without consulting a doctor. Drinking more water can help pass chemicals through your body faster, but this can be counterproductive if you end up waking up in the night to pee. The rush from cigarettes or any tobacco source can keep you up or cause anxious, restless slumber. The alcohol advice may seem more unusual, since alcohol puts you to sleep. The rhythm of your sleep after alcohol, however, is significantly disrupted. Avoid alcohol in the two to three hours before bed, or you might wake up in the night, or wake up tired in the morning. If you are having trouble sticking to a sleep schedule or sleeping the whole night through, melatonin can safely be used to encourage this behavior. For severe insomnia, doctor-prescribed sleep...

TL;DR in Russian:

Не принимайте горячий душ и избегайте физической нагрузки перед сном. Не используйте электрические приборы перед сном. Откажитесь от витаминов, добавок и продуктов, которые оказывают стимулирующее действие. Откажитесь от алкоголя и сигарет перед сном. При необходимости принимайте препараты, способствующие улучшению качества сна. Узнайте у доктора о синдроме апноэ во сне.


When your cat first starts meowing at night, you want to make sure she is okay. If you decide that she is not sick and has enough water and food, she may just want your attention. If the behavior keeps up every night, you have to ignore her. This may be difficult at first, but it will pay off in the end. If you come to her every time she meows, you will be reinforcing the negative behavior.  Don't punish her or give her any attention at all. She is looking for any acknowledgement from you, even it you are disciplining her. If she won't stop, leave a toy hanging off a scratch post at the end of your bed for her to play with instead of bothering you. If your cat doesn't stop, you can buy earplugs or headphones so you cannot hear her until she gets the hint. You can feed your cat right before bed if she wakes you up to get fed in the middle of the night. Don't worry about giving her a full meal, but make it large enough that it feels like more than a treat. This mirrors a cat's natural rhythm. They hunt, eat, groom, and then sleep to get more energy for the next hunt. If you feed your cat before bed, she will be full and want to sleep to regain her energy for her next hunt. It will also train your cat to know that late evening food means bedtime. You can also buy a timed feeder that will release food for them in the middle of the night. Instead of waking you up, your cat will learn to go to her bowl on her own instead. One of the main reasons your cat may be awake at night is because she is bored. If your cat is alone all day, she will want to play and expend some energy when you are home. Try to make time to play with your cat every day. Drag a toy across the floor and let them chase it. You can even give them something distracting to play with alone. As long as she uses some of her built up energy, she will be more likely to sleep better at night.  Get toys that mimic the movement of animals such as birds or mice. Play fetch with ping pong balls or furry mice toys. You can even leave toys out with catnip in...

TL;DR in Russian:

Игнорируйте ее мяуканье. Кормите кошку перед сном. Играйте с кошкой. Отучите кошку от привычки кусаться. Будьте тверды.


When your cat is not feeling well, it may require extra attention. A sick cat might need special food, to have its litter box cleaned more frequently, help moving around, etc. Caring for your cat in this way and being patient with it can comfort it.  If your cat wants rest or to be left alone, honor its wishes. Do keep an eye on it, however, to monitor its condition and make sure it improves. A warm bed can make a sick cat more comfortable.  Moving your cat’s litter box closer to it while resting can also make its life easier. Many cats enjoy being groomed, at least occasionally. If yours is not feeling well, it may appreciate the attention. Grooming your cat also provides an opportunity to inspect your cat’s fur and skin. Their condition can often indicate whether or not your cat is well. Generally, you can feed your cat any kind of food that is nutritionally balanced and formulated for felines. If your cat is sick and seems reluctant to eat, you can offer it maintenance food, which is formulated to be especially palatable. Maintenance food is generally canned, and should be available at pet supply stores or wherever cat food is sold.  Normally, you can feed your cat either wet or dry food according to its preference. If you want to ensure quality, you can look for cat food that is certified by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). If your cat is reluctant to eat, you can warm its food first, offer its favorites, or try giving it small portions. If it still does not want to eat after 24 hours, contact a vet. Cats, like humans, are susceptible to a number of diseases, pains, and other conditions. Since you can’t know directly how your cat is feeling, you will have to look for various signs that can indicate a problem. These may include:  Decreased appetite Vomiting or diarrhea Swollen abdomen Loss of hair Dull or patchy coat Flaking or scabs Bad odors or breath Unexplained lumps Discharge from eyes or nose Red, watery eyes Difficulty moving Red gums Drooling Frequent sneezing Unusual...

TL;DR in Russian:

Обеспечьте кошку всем необходимым. Вычесывайте кошку. Кормите кошку лечебными кормами. Проверьте кошку на наличие симптомов болезней. Если кошке не становится лучше, обратитесь к ветеринару. При серьезных проблемах отвезите кошку в ветеринарную клинику. Давайте кошке лекарства по мере необходимости. Не лечите кошку с помощью медикаментов, предназначенных для людей.


When your cat is on all four feet, hold a treat in front of its face to get its attention and slowly move it to between its ears. Many cats will follow the treat in the air and lower their rear end to get it. When your cat sits, positively reinforce its behavior by praising it and giving it the treat. If your cat's rear end doesn't quite touch the ground the first time, give it the treat anyway. Keep repeating this training and your cat can get better each time. ” First, encourage your cat to move its paw by giving it a treat each time it lifts the paw off of the ground. Then, put a treat in your hand (wrapped in your fist, for instance), and wait for your cat to use its paw to try and grab it out of your hand. Give the cat a treat as a reward when it does. Repeat this many times, gradually lifting your hand higher each time until the behavior resembles giving a hi-five. Try this training your cat for this trick at is mealtimes because it will already be hungry. Call your cat's name and tap on its food bowl to get its attention. When your cat comes, praise them and give them a treat.  When your cat gets used to coming when called, you can also use the command “come” for this trick. You can vary this trick by trying to train your cat to come from distances increasingly farther away, from outside to inside, etc. You can have your cat learn to touch an object like a toy or a sturdy surface that will not fall over. This trick is learned best after your cat has learned to sit. Once your cat is sitting next to the object, hold a treat near it to attract the cat. When the cat touches the object, give it a treat. Once your cat becomes interested in this trick, you can also train it to touch the object with a specific type of its body. For instance, if you want to train it to touch an object with its paw, wait to give your cat a treat until it does. Hold a treat above your cat, but not so close that it can touch it. When your cat sits up on its hind legs, and reaches for the treat with its front paws, use a command...

TL;DR in Russian:

Обучите кошку садиться по команде. Обучите кошку «давать пять». Обучите кошку подходить к вам, когда вы ее зовете. Приучите кошку прикасаться к объекту. Обучите кошку служить сидя на задних лапах. Обучите кошку здороваться, подавая лапу. Приучите кошку мяукать по команде.


When your cat scratches the couch, it also secretes oils and scent markings through glands in its paws. Since your cat scratches in part to mark its territory, it will return to the couch to renew that scent. Enzymatic pet-odor removers can help eliminate the scent. You can buy these sprays online, or at a pet supply store. Don't waste your money on deodorizers that only mask the scent but won't eliminate the enzymes that cause the scent only your cat can smell. Materials such as double-sided tape, aluminum foil, and sandpaper will make scratching your couch difficult or uncomfortable for your cat. If you place them where your cat normally scratches, your cat will avoid those spots.  It might take anywhere from several weeks to several months before your cat stops trying to scratch your couch. Leave these items on the couch as long as possible, then remove them slowly, an item at a time. If you find the items unsightly and want to remove them when you have guests over, make sure you replace them as soon as possible, or your cat may try to scratch the couch again. Like undesirable items, unpleasant smells will cause your cat to avoid the area surrounding the couch. This may prevent inappropriate scratching. Fortunately, many of these smells, such as menthol and citrus, are not unpleasant to people.  A cotton ball soaked in perfume or cologne might also work as a deterrent. Remember that cats’ noses are more sensitive than yours – you don't need an overwhelming amount to deter your cat. If you're using an unpleasant smell as a deterrent, don't place your cat's scratching post too close to the couch. If the scratching post has the same unpleasant smell, your cat won't use it either, thus defeating the purpose. Physical punishment doesn't work with cats, because your cat won't associate what you're doing with the act of scratching the couch. Although it may help relieve some of your frustration, your cat will get angry with you and may not trust you. Over time, this can do serious damage to your relationship with...

TL;DR in Russian:

Обработайте диван ферментным чистящим средством, чтобы удалить с него запах кошки. Положите на диван неприятные для кошки предметы, чтобы предотвратить желание поточить об него когти. Окружите диван неприятными для кошки запахами. Откажитесь от физических наказаний.


When your child has bipolar disorder, you should learn everything you can about the disorder. Finding and researching more about your child's disorder will help both you and your child cope with their disorder.  Start by reading books, listening to audio recordings, researching on the Internet, and visiting bipolar communities or online forums. You may also want to talk to teachers who teach children with bipolar disorder, or consult professionals, therapists, your child's doctor, and other parents of children with bipolar disorder. Your child needs to be seen by a professional in order to feel better. Find qualified doctors and therapists in your area to help your child learn how to live a full life with bipolar disorder.  Inform the doctor and therapist clearly about the way your child acts. Explain in as much detail as possible how they behave during various points of the day, what they say, and how it affects them. A doctor and therapist will provide techniques, methods, and medication to help your child feel better and less inclined to a manic or depressive episode. Talk with your child about how these appointments are designed to keep them healthy, and are not because something is wrong or because they are in trouble. Set up all necessary appointments and attend them regularly and on time. Keep a notebook to write down and track how your child feels throughout each day. Monitoring your child's behavior is a great way to present your child's actions to their doctor and therapist so they can keep track and notice a routine or cycle of the mood swings from your child.  When your child behaves oddly or has an episode, record it. Write down the details and make sure to include the time, date, and what may have triggered it. If they have an episode at school, ask them to tell you as much about it as possible. You can also check with their teacher and see if they can provide you with more information. Your child will most likely be given medication by a doctor to help them feel calm, relaxed, and less inclined...

TL;DR in Russian:

Узнайте больше о биполярном расстройстве. Обеспечьте профессиональную помощь. Ежедневно наблюдайте за ребенком. Узнайте о лекарствах. Следите за успехами лечения. В случае проблем поставьте в известность врача и психотерапевта. . Соблюдайте график приема лекарств.


When your child has developed word awareness, begin breaking down words into individual letters. Although the alphabet song is the most classic means of teaching the alphabet, try getting creative. Explain each of the letters with their name, but don’t worry about trying to incorporate the sounds the letters make yet.  Teach lowercase letters first. Capital letters account for only five percent of all letters in writing English. Therefore, pay more attention to teaching the lowercase letters. lowercase letters are far more important in developing reading skills. Try making each of the letters out of play-DOH, playing a toss game (where the child tosses a beanbag/ball onto a specific letter on the floor), or fishing for foam letters in the bathtub. These are all interactive games that encourage development on multiple levels. One of the most important steps in teaching reading is associating a spoken sound with a letter or letter-pair. This process is known as phonemic awareness. There are 44 speech sounds created by the 26 letters in our alphabet, and each sound must be taught paired with its letter(s) counterpart. This includes the long and short sound produced by each individual letter, as well as the specialized sounds some combined letters make (like ‘ch’ and ‘sh’).  Focus on a single letter/part/sound at a time. Avoid confusion and build a solid foundation by working at a steady pace through all of the speech sounds. Give real life examples of each speech sound; for example, state that the letter ‘A’ makes the ‘ah’ sound, like at the beginning of the word ‘apple.’ This can be turned into a guessing game, when you speak an easy word (like apple) and have the child guess the letter that it starts with. Use games similar to those used when teaching the alphabet, that combine critical thinking on the part of the child in order to determine sound/letter correlations. See the aforementioned list for ideas, but substitute in sounds. It is easier for children to develop phonemic awareness when words are broken...

TL;DR in Russian:

Учите алфавит со своим ребенком. Развивайте фонетическое восприятие. Учите с ребенком стихи. Учите ребенка читать, используя точные фонетические методы. Пусть ребенок практикуется в расшифровке. Не волнуйтесь о грамматике. Не забывайте о словах, которые нельзя объяснить наглядно.


When your choice is either outdoors or inside a car, your car is always the safest option. If caught in a thunderstorm, remain inside your car until the storm passes. Close your windows, and put the top up in your convertible.  Open vehicles, like golf carts, ATVs, and riding mowers, are not safe during lightning storms. Seek shelter indoors. Convertibles are less safe than other cars in thunderstorms. If possible, avoid driving them when it's raining. Starting your car is generally safe during a thunderstorm, but do not under any circumstances jump your car until the storm has passed. Most cars are safe from lightning, but the metal exterior or any metal objects are not safe to touch. If lightning strikes your car, the current will flow from the car's outer metal cage and into the ground below. Keep your hands in your lap and avoid leaning on the car doors or touching any exposed metal. Rubber tires will not protect your car from getting struck. Some portions of the current can travel through the wired areas in your car. Don't touch any of the vehicle's electrical systems during the car, including your radio, GPS system, or cell phone charger. In some cases, lightning strikes can damage your car's electric systems. Avoid driving your car during thunderstorms if you have expensive radio or GPS systems installed. If driving in an outage area, pull over and turn on your hazard lights. Areas with outages are dangerous to drive in, especially if the traffic lights have shorted out. If you must  continue traveling, treat intersections with shorted traffic signals as a four-way stop and take extra caution.

TL;DR in Russian:

Для безопасности сядьте в автомобиль. Положите руки на колени. Не прикасайтесь к автомагнитоле или GPS-системе. В случае сильной грозы съедьте на обочину.


When your clothes smell bad, you (hopefully) wash them, so why not use the same method for your shoes? For best results, remove the soles and laces from the shoes, then put all the pieces in a pillowcase or laundry bag to keep them together. Wash on warm or hot with your standard detergent. Repeat the wash cycle for especially-smelly shoes.  If you can, let the shoes air dry in the sun. Not only will this expose them to plenty of fresh air so that they can "air out" — the sun also acts as a natural disinfectant for odor-causing bacteria.  Note that this is not a good choice for shoes that can be damaged by water (like leather shoes). Shoes that have been exposed to sweat, moisture, and foot odor for years can have bacteria and fungi living deep within their fabric. To kill these organisms, a strong disinfecting soak may be necessary. This method uses bleach, so it's not a good choice for dark-colored shoes. You also won't want to use it for moisture-sensitive materials like leather. Follow the steps below:  Soak the shoes in rubbing alcohol. Let it saturate the outside and inside fabric completely for about five minutes. Let the shoes air dry in the sun. If the weather isn't being cooperative, use a dryer set to low. Mix equal parts bleach and water. Put this mixture in a spray bottle and mist the inside and outside of each shoe carefully. Pull out the tongue, sole, and laces to make sure the spray gets everywhere. If you have an anti-fungal spray, use this like the bleach mixture. Otherwise, let the shoes air dry again before wearing. If your shoes smell especially bad, you can try replacing parts of them to eliminate the source of the odor. A new set of insoles it probably the most effective thing you can buy. Insoles are sold as accessories at most of the same places where you might buy shoes and are usually fairly cheap. They can also feel great — many are made to provide extra comfort and support to people who spend lots of time walking or standing. Heat is a great way to kill bacteria — this is one of...

TL;DR in Russian:

Постирайте обувь в стиральной машине. Продезинфицируйте обувь. Купите новые стельки. Можно попробовать уничтожить бактерии с помощью микроволновой печи. Займитесь своими ногами.


When your day is filled with work, chores, or activities, you may lose touch with yourself.  Through the act of mindfulness, you are making a gentle effort to be continuously present by:  Being present "on purpose" through a conscience direction of awareness. Being attentive to the present moment.  Your mind may be racing with things to do, and people to see, but instead you focus on the simpler things. Being non-judgmentally aware.  By paying more attention to the moment, you experience more about the world around you.  You may listen or see more than before, because of your heighten awareness. Studies have shown that being more appreciative about one's life and one's world will lead people to live more fulfilled lives.  The act of paying attention to the good things in life, and being appreciative actually makes people happier.   Surround yourself with positive people who don't always focus on the negative. Focus on the present moment, and find something in your line of vision that makes you happy.  Hold that image in your mind, and focus on it in a positive way. This is a helpful practice for mindfulness, as a way to clear your head of negative or hyperactive thoughts.  It can make you feel "centered" in a chaotic world. How we see the world is all a matter of the mind.  Our mind can be shaped and changed. One way is through positive rather than negative statements about yourself.  Affirmations can build your confidence, and keep you focused on the good things in life. In our daily lives, we are often disconnected with nature, and all its beauty.  Our Earth is a reminder of how precious life is. Appreciate the little things, both big and small:  Walk along a beach, river, or lake.  The sound of water can be calming. Notice the birds in the trees or sky.  Watching a large bird migration can be magical. Go star-gazing.  The universe is big and beautiful. Take a deep breath and look around you.  While there are things that you wish could be better,  be grateful for the things that you have, and the beauty of...

TL;DR in Russian:

Будьте внимательны к окружающему миру. Сохраняйте позитив и будьте счастливее. Медитируйте. Используйте аффирмации (позитивные утверждения) в течение дня. Сливайтесь с природой. Будьте благодарны. Остановитесь и почувствуйте запах роз (буквально).


When your doctor writes you a prescription for antibiotics, they will give you specific instructions regarding how to take the medication. Following these instructions exactly can help to reduce your chances of developing stomach pain, as your doctor will most likely give you tips on how to avoid this unpleasant side effect.  Your instructions may include a specific time that you should take the antibiotics so that they will have the least effect on your stomach. Unless the label indicates otherwise, store your antibiotics in a dark, dry place. Some antibiotics may need to be stored in the refrigerator. If so, store your medicine in the fresh food compartment. Never freeze your antibiotics. Some antibiotics are meant to be taken with food. This is because the food acts as a neutralizer or shield against the antibiotics, protecting your stomach from gastrointestinal distress. If your instructions include taking your antibiotics with food, make sure to do so every time you have to take your medication or else you may end up with an upset stomach.  Some antibiotics are meant to be taken on an empty stomach. These sorts of antibiotics include ampicillin and tetracycline. You should not take food with these drugs because the food affects the speed at which these medications can act upon your body. If need to take your antibiotics on an empty stomach, it's best to take them before breakfast, Set an alarm for yourself if you need help remembering. Some antibiotics may cause stomach pain when taken certain foods. For example tetracycline may result in stomach pain when taken with dairy products. To avoid stomach pain when taking tetracycline (or its counterparts, doxycycline and minocycline), stay away from dairy products for the length of time you're taking the antibiotic. Be precise in your taking of your antibiotics; do not underdose, overdose, or double dose. While underdosing will have less of an effect on the bacterial infection you are trying to fight, overdosing can increase the potency of the drug, making it...

TL;DR in Russian:

Строго соблюдайте указания врача. Обратите внимание на то, когда следует принимать антибиотик: Убедитесь, что вы принимаете правильную дозу антибиотиков. Увеличьте количество хороших бактерий в организме. Сообщите врачу о прошлых опытах приема антибиотиков.


When your dog is slowing down in movements but is still able to eat, drink, walk, stand on its own, and can still respond to your calls, this is a sign of just plain old age. He's not suffering any particular pain, he's just growing old. Your dog can still do the things he/she enjoys, like walking around, being petted, playing, or socializing with other dogs, though in a more decreased frequency and intensity. As dogs get older, they will likely begin to eat less than they used to. Older dogs generally expend fewer calories and require less food than energetic young dogs. It's nothing to be alarmed about—it's just a normal part of the aging process. An old dog will sleep more and more, but still being able to stand and move around and eat afterward. A dog who sleeps and doesn't move around and eat is very sick; a dog who sleeps a lot and still eats and seems social is aging. As dogs get older, they may show less interest in playing and socializing with other dogs. You might find that your dog gets overwhelmed or irritable in social situations more easily than before. A number of things will sprout up as your dog ages. Look for the following:  Gray or white hairs appearing in the coat, especially on your dog's face. Parts of the body where friction is common getting bald or hairless. You may particularly notice this in the elbows, pelvic area, and butt. Dental problems, such as loosening or staining of the teeth. Some of your dog's teeth may fall out, or you may need to have them extracted by a vet. If your dog is already in this stage of old age, provide comfort by:  Placing you dog in a well ventilated and warm room. Providing comfortable bedding to support your dog's joints and minimize pain. Providing (but not forcing) food and water. Spending time with your dog daily. Even if your dog is not up to playing or going for walks, he or she will probably still enjoy gentle petting and listening to your voice.

TL;DR in Russian:

Обратите внимание, насколько проворен ваш пес. Обратите внимание, сколько она ест. Обратите внимание, сколько она спит. Обратите внимание, как она ведет себя с другими собаками. Обратите внимание, как она выглядит. Если все эти признаки можно отнести к вашей собаке, содержите ее в комфорте.


When your enamel breaks down there are many ways in which your teeth physically change. From the color to the shape, the loss of enamel can cause your teeth to look drastically different.  Dentin is the yellowish layer of your tooth located under your enamel. As the enamel wears down and the dentin gets thinner and a thinner layer of enamel covers the dentin, it becomes more transparent and your teeth will appear more yellow.  How yellow your teeth are is a good indication of how thin your enamel is; the less enamel you have, the more yellow your teeth will be. If you're uncertain as to whether your teeth are yellow from stains or due to enamel loss, try having them whitened. Artificial stains will come off. Another way in which your teeth physically change when enamel loss occurs is a change in shape. Your teeth may appear to be rounded and short.  When you lose enamel your teeth may take on a rounded shape and can also cause your teeth to look shorter than normal.  If you have a tooth filling, you may notice that your tooth seems to have shrunk around the filling. This shrinkage is caused by the loss of tooth enamel. Teeth that have lost a good deal of enamel may develop fractures or chips. Even if your teeth haven’t developed fractures yet, you should see a doctor as soon as you notice that your teeth are looking brittle and thin. This is a sign that they might fracture soon. When enamel wears down the dentin layer underneath is revealed. Not only does this make your teeth yellow, it also makes them very sensitive to pain.  This sensitivity may arise when you eat hot or cold foods and occasionally sweet foods, or when you inhale cool air. In severe enamel and dentin decay, the pulp, which is the innermost part of the tooth, could also become damaged, leading to a lesion called pulpitis. If this is the case, you will experience severe pain when you eat. When enamel and dentin begin to thin your teeth may appear shorter and you may find it more difficult to chew.  The chewing surfaces of your teeth become...

TL;DR in Russian:

Обратите внимание на изменение цвета зубов. Присмотритесь к изменению формы зубов. Присмотритесь к зубам, нет ли там трещин. Обратите внимание на повышенную чувствительность зубов. Следите за тем, как вы жуете. Проверьте, нет ли в зубах дырок и полостей.


When your face isn't broken out, cut back on the acne cleanser. For your daily face wash, you can use a gentle soap that moisturizes. Some examples of this type of soap include Dove, Basics, and Neutrogena.  Avoid any product that contain alcohol, especially if you're using salicylic acid. This will dry out your skin and could cause redness and inflammation.  If you tend to get frequent breakouts and your skin doesn't appear to react negatively to the acne cleanser, continue to use it daily to help prevent further breakouts. Wash your face once in the morning and once at night using a gentle cleanser. However, don't wash your face more than twice a day, as that can make your acne worse.  If you sweat heavily or exercise, wash your face after you're finished. Using antibacterial washes is unnecessary and does not appear to have any benefit.  Avoid the temptation to exfoliate or use cleansers with "scrubbing beads" etc. These may actually irritate your skin further, and could leave it discolored or scarred. It may be tempting to leave your makeup on at the end of the day, but be sure you take all of your makeup off before going to bed. Makeup can lead to clogged pores, which leads to blackheads. " You'll find this word on certain skincare and makeup products. Basically, all it means is it has been proven to not clog pores. That in turn means that you won't get as many blackheads, at least ones caused by your skincare routines. For instance, the Simple brand makes noncomedogenic products, as does Cetaphil, such as their moisturizing lotion. If you have especially oily hair, tie your hair back. The oils from your hair can can get on your face, just like oil from your hands or fingers.  In addition, wash your hair regularly, especially if your hair tends to have extra oils.  The oil in you hair can get on your face, leading to more blackheads. Stress can contribute to acne because it temporarily increases the production of testosterone. In turn, testosterone can trigger acne.  For instance, you can try relaxing...

TL;DR in Russian:

Используйте для умывания невоспаленной кожи деликатное моющее средство. Умывайтесь ежедневно. Смывайте остатки макияжа. Ищите пометку "некомедогенный". Держите жир, который выделяют ваши волосы, подальше от лица. Избегайте стрессов.


When your female dog is going into heat, her vulva will begin to swell. You should notice that her genital area will appear enlarged and protruding outward. The tip of her vulva should move upwards to make it easier for a male dog to penetrate her. These are all signs that she is in heat.  You can turn your dog over on her stomach to examine her genital area or observe her genital area from behind. You should be able to see her swollen vulva from behind. You should also notice your female dog is spotting around your home, such as on furniture, on her bed, or on any carpeting. The spotting or discharge may appear deep red, milky pink, or white. Your dog will be fertile around 12 days after she starts bleeding, as it gets thinner and lighter.  You may also notice the blood or discharge has a distinct smell. The strong smell is meant to attract the attention of a male dog. Some female dogs will bleed very heavily when they are in heat while other dogs will only have minimal bleeding or discharge. You should also observe your dog’s behavior and pay attention to how often she urinates. If she is urinating in small quantities more frequently, she is likely in heat. Her urine contains pheromones and hormones, which will help let males know she is interested in mating. You may notice that your female dog wants to be let outside more often to urinate than she usually does. This could be a sign she is experiencing the period in her heat cycle when she is most fertile. You should also confirm your dog is old enough to mate. Most female dogs should not breed with a male dog until they have had two to three heat cycles. They should be at least one to two years of age. Certain dogs that are prone to hip dysplasia should be x-rayed before mating. The x-rays should be sent to the OFA for interpretation. Your dog must be age 2 or older or the OFA will not accept the x-ray.  If you are not sure your dog is mature enough to breed, ask your vet. Your vet should be able to tell you if your female dog is ready for breeding.

TL;DR in Russian:

Осмотрите у собаки область гениталий. Проверьте наличие следов крови или выделений. Обратите внимание на более частое мочеиспускание. Убедитесь в том, что собака находится в подходящем для разведения возрасте.