If your boots are leather, keep them well polished. All types of boots should be kept clean. A regular wipe-down with warm water for many synthetic boots will help remove dirt and other encrusted elements. clean and dry. At winter's end, never store boots without cleaning them first and ensuring that they are completely dry. Otherwise, you risk finding moldy, cracked, and possibly ruined boots next winter. Stains left too long may set permanently and weaken the boot. And mold that grows on one boot can cross-contaminate other shoes, boots and items of clothing stored in the same vicinity.  Do not store boots in plastic bags. Suede and leather need to "breathe" and plastic bags restrict this ability, drying out the boot and trapping mold. Better choices include pillowcases, fabric shoe bags and cloth bags. Store boots away from direct light or heat sources. Direct light can fade the boots, while direct heat can cause them to dry out and crack. If the stains are really bad, seek professional help from a shoe repairer, dry cleaner or similar. You could also call the manufacturer for advice. A well maintained boot is a long-lasting boot. Repeat the preventative and storing process on your boots every year or wearable season. This will keep your boots in good condition so that they will last longer!

TL;DR in Russian:

Ваша обувь должна быть всегда чистой и отполированной. Храните сапоги в чистом и сухом виде. Обратитесь за помощью к профессионалу. Повторяйте процедуру ежегодно.


If your border collie lowers her head and front legs, as well as her tail, she is getting into her herding stance. This stance is part of her natural instinct for herding. If you see her drop into this stance, it's because she wants to herd whatever it is she's concentrating on, from cats to cars. Border collies need a great deal of stimulation, so be sure to give your dog plenty of exercise to keep her happy. A border collie usually has two types of growls, one serious and one play. You need to learn the difference so you don't upset your dog when she's being serious. Listen for play growls when she's playing tug-of-war, and learn to differentiate the sound from her more serious growl. Learning these two growls will also help if you choose to train your border collie on sheep, as you'll be able to tell when she is growling at the sheep in earnest. Your border collie was bred to help out shepherds by herding animals. That means that she wants a job to do. If you can give her a space to herd, that's great. If you don't have room for other animals, you may consider recreational herding, which is a form of dog sport. Other "jobs" you can give your border collie involve providing her with a digging hole (out of the way) or allowing her to "herd" cats under your direction. Use her bad behaviors, such as digging holes in the yard or chasing cats, and turn them into something controlled.

TL;DR in Russian:

Обратите внимание на походку и позу собаки. Давайте бордер-колли возможность много двигаться. Научитесь различать разные типы звуков. Позвольте собаке следовать своим инстинктам.


If your boyfriend is disrespectful, you often won't feel like you're being heard in the relationship. Do you feel like your boyfriend truly understands you? Do you think he knows your needs and wants? If not, he may be disrespecting you.  You may feel like your boyfriend does not know basic things about you, such as personal boundaries and what you like to do. This may be because he talks over you or dismisses you. Listening is a basic sign of respect. Someone who does not listen to you does not likely respect you. Think about how you feel about your role in the relationship. Disrespectful people will often make their partners feel unworthy. In a healthy relationship, you will feel you deserve love and respect.  You may find yourself consistently having thoughts like, "I don't deserve him" or "It's my fault he yells. I don't deserve to be treated well." You do deserve respect. Every human deserve as much. If you consistently feel unworthy of basic aspects of respect (being listened to, being treated with kindness, having your needs met, etc.) then your boyfriend may be being disrespectful towards you. Disrespectful people can create toxic relationships with those around them. If you're being perpetually disrespected, think about your overall energy level. Do you feel tired most of the time? Do you feel drained and exhausted? If so, your boyfriend may be disrespecting you. A disrespectful partner can affect how you behave. If you're with someone who doesn't respect you, you may often feel like you're at your worst.  Do you feel like you're not the person you used to be? Do you feel like you're no longer able to keep up with things like your friends, hobbies, and social life and are just doing the bare minimum? Do you feel like you're not dealing as well in social interactions? Maybe you've been more short tempered or dismissive lately. This is a sign you're not being respected and lashing out at others.

TL;DR in Russian:

Подумайте о том, что вы чувствуете и слышите. Подумайте, чувствуете ли вы себя недостойной чего-то. Оцените общий уровень энергии в отношениях. Подумайте о своем поведении.


If your boyfriend is suffering from depression or has been really upset about a certain event for a long time, then the important thing is that you don’t blame yourself. You may think that, if your boyfriend can’t seem to cheer up, it’s your fault, somehow, but you need to know that sometimes, there’s nothing you can do to make someone feel better, no matter how hard you try.  If your boyfriend feels like you’re blaming yourself for not being able to cheer him up, then this will make him feel even worse, like he’s failing not only because he can’t cheer up but because he’s also disappointing you in some way. Try not to let your disappointment show. Sometimes a problem is so serious that only time or professional help can make it better. Don’t put that on yourself. If your boyfriend is really going through emotional trouble and it doesn’t seem to be getting any better, then you can talk to him about potentially going to therapy. Talking to a professional can help him get a better sense of his situation and to understand which steps should be taken. He may be reluctant about therapy and it may not be for everyone, but you should at least suggest this as an option so he knows what is available to him. This may not be an easy conversation to have. However, if he’s been upset, sad, or disengaged for a long time and there seems to be no way out of the woods for him, then it’s time to take action. If your boyfriend is depressed or going through a really hard time, then you may think that you’re perfectly capable of being loving and supportive all the time. However, everyone’s patience has a limit and nobody is perfect, so you shouldn’t be mad at yourself if you find that you can’t be in the supportive role 24/7. You may even feel actively annoyed with your boyfriend after a while, wondering why he can’t just “cheer up” as if it’s no big deal; it’s perfectly natural to feel this way and you shouldn’t be down on yourself because of it.  It’s normal that you may want your boyfriend to just be like everyone else,...

TL;DR in Russian:

Поймите, что это не ваша вина. Поговорите с ним о посещении врача. Не расстраивайтесь из-за своей раздражительности. Не заставляйте его делать слишком много. Если он переживает горе или у него депрессия, будьте терпеливы. Знайте, лучшее, что вы можете сделать – быть рядом.


If your boyfriend is the type of guy who just wants to be alone or to be with you when he’s upset, then you probably shouldn’t drag him out to a party or invite your fifty best friends over. But if he’s the kind of guy who gets his energy from other people and who is always laughing and feels engaged when other people are around, then setting up a low-pressure social outing can actually make him feel better.  Try to make the event alcohol-free as much as you can. Even if drinking will temporarily make your boyfriend forget his problems, it will end up making him feel worse. Alcohol is a depressant, after all.  If you and your boyfriend do end up hanging out with friends when he’s upset, be sensitive to his needs. If he wants to go home early, you should be respectful of that. Who says you’re too old for Monopoly or Clue? Pick a game you both used to love when you were kids, or one that you still play sometimes, and spend a night together, or with another two or three friends, playing board games and having a fun, simple night. Make some popcorn or bring out a few snacks, like Cheez-Its or Fruit Roll-Ups, that remind you of your childhoods, and make a fun night of it.  This will work best if your boyfriend isn’t really competitive when it comes to games. You don’t want to end up making him more upset because he keeps losing property in Monopoly. You can even go to Target or another store together and tell him to pick out any game he wants. This may seem corny, but it could cheer him up for sure! Think about it: is there something your boyfriend has always wanted to do or try, whether it’s to check out the new deep dish pizza place in town or to watch Twin Peaks? As long as it’s fairly simple and doesn’t require a lot of emotional energy, you can surprise him with how thoughtful you are by setting up an evening to do something that he’s always wanted to do. Of course, don’t push it. You don’t want to make a reservation at an expensive restaurant he’s been wanting to try when he’s just not feeling it. But if...

TL;DR in Russian:

Проведите некоторое время с друзьями, если вам кажется, что это поможет. Играйте в настольные игры. Сделайте что-нибудь, что он давно хотел сделать. Выманите его из дома. Будьте активны вместе. Проявляйте нежность, но только если это то, что ему необходимо. Приготовьте его любимое лакомство. Устройте пикник. Возьмите в прокат его любимый фильм детства. Проявите понимание, если ему просто нужно побыть одному.


If your boyfriend is upset, then the best thing you can do is to have a conversation with him about his feelings. This can help him feel better by getting his feelings out there and having someone who cares about him understand what he’s going through. You don’t have to put the pressure on and make him talk too much in a high-pressure setting, but you should casually let him see that you’re there if he wants to talk. This will help cheer him up and will help him deal with his emotions.  Of course, if he gets too angry or emotional when he talks to you about it, then you can stop or take a break. He doesn’t have to tell you everything all at once. When he talks to you, practice reflective listening. Hear what he really wants to say and then repeat it back to him in his own words, showing that you really care for him and understand the situation. Make sure he’s done talking before you say anything and don’t interrupt him or give him advice if he doesn’t ask for it.  Make eye contact, put away your distractions, and let him see that he has your full attention. Make it clear that you’re there to listen to what he has to say or just to provide support even if he doesn’t feel like saying much. Your presence is more important than anything, so let him see that you care and that you’ll be there when he needs you. Just making it clear that you care for him can cheer him up and make him see that you really do want him to feel better. This doesn’t mean you have to do a million activities together, but just that you want to spend the time together.  Let him know you’re there for him and make this clear when you’re with him in person while also telling him the same thing over the phone when you’re not together. Remember that he may be feeling self-conscious about the fact that he’s upset, so it’s important that he knows you’ll be there no matter what. Though talking to him and hearing what his problems are can make him feel better, sometimes he may be feeling so overwhelmed or so sad that he can barely get a word out. If...

TL;DR in Russian:

Поговорите с ним об этом. Дайте ему понять, что вы рядом и готовы оказать поддержку. Поймите, когда он не хочет говорить. Не говорите, что все будет в порядке, если это неправда. Пусть он знает, как сильно вы заботитесь о нем. Напишите ему письмо о том, почему вы его любите.


If your boyfriend loves you, he will treat you with respect. That means that he listens to you and cares about what's going on in your life. He notices the little things that you like and goes out of his way to give them to you. He values you as a person, and he genuinely listens to your opinions. Doing these things shows he honestly cares about you. If a guy really loves you, it's doubtful you'll need to question it. That is, he's going to make you feel his love in one way or another, by showing you how he feels and saying it to you.  On the other hand, you have to make sure that maybe you're not letting your insecurities overrule the emotions of someone who obviously loves you. In other words, you may not feel like he loves you, but it could be just your anxieties talking. If past partners have said you get clingy sometimes, it may be a sign you're insecure. You may also notice yourself trying to be extra nice to win his love or trying to meet his needs all the time without thinking about your own.  One way to combat this type of insecurity is to pay attention to what you're feeling instead of always focusing on others; take the time to identify each emotion. As you identify emotions, notice how it guides your behavior. If you're feeling upset and you start worrying that your boyfriend doesn't love you, you may find yourself trying to please him more. Often, these anxieties are unfounded, especially if he's finding ways to show his love all the time.  Also, it's important to identify the source of your insecurity. Maybe you've internalized the critical voice of one of your parents, or maybe you've had rotten luck in past relationships with guys who have mistreated you. Don't just let your inner critic run wild. Instead, talk back to it. When you catch yourself doubting the other person or yourself, try to turn it around. For instance, if you find yourself saying "He didn't call me back, so he probably doesn't love me anymore," try to stop the thought. Say, "No, that's not right. He tells me he loves me...

TL;DR in Russian:

Обратите внимание на отношение к вам. Оцените, насколько вы уверены в чувствах парня. Замечайте, сколько времени партнер проводит с вами. Оцените, насколько мужчина участвует в отношениях. Убедитесь, что он готов идти на компромиссы. Обратите внимание на мелкие любезности. Убедитесь, что партнер не стесняется вас. Оцените, насколько парень близок к вам в присутствии других людей.


If your boyfriend wants to take a full break from the relationship, rather than just spend a little more time by himself, work together to set very clear expectations. Talk about whether you can see each other in person once or twice, or whether you can text or email. Do your best to stick to these boundaries. This will show your boyfriend that you understand his concerns, take them seriously, and want to work to make your relationship better. Ask your boyfriend how much time he feels he needs, then try to compromise from there. Any timeframe spanning from a week to a month is a reasonable request for a break. If he wants to take a longer break, lasting for a few months, you may want to sit down for a longer talk about your relationship. This could be a symptom of deeper problems in your relationship. Take into account the reasons behind your boyfriend’s request for space and work together to decide what you’re comfortable with. Make sure that the expectations are clear to both of you to prevent misunderstandings and hurt feelings.  If he’s unsure of where your relationship is heading and needs to decide if this is what he really wants, he might want to see other people. If he wants the time to reflect deeply and individually on your relationship, it might make less sense for him to date other people. Read a new book, watch your favorite movie, or cook a delicious meal for yourself. Have dinner with friends, go for a jog or a swim, or try yoga. Instead of thinking about what your boyfriend is doing during the break, devote your energy to your own well-being. When the break is over, text or call your boyfriend and arrange to meet up in a public, neutral place. Hug him and tell him how excited you are to see him. You’ll also want to address more serious concerns about the break, but don’t hesitate to show him how happy you are to be together again.  Ask him how he is and how the break went for him. Avoid being overbearing with your enthusiasm. Instead of saying, “I missed you so much, I thought about you every...

TL;DR in Russian:

Установите четкие границы. Договоритесь о сроках. Поговорите, будете ли вы встречаться с кем-то еще в этот период. Используйте свободное время, чтобы позаботиться о себе. Будьте готовы к встрече.


If your broiler is in the top part of the oven, move the oven rack about 4 inches away from the broiler element. If the broiler is in a sliding tray under the oven, you won't need to adjust the rack. Turn the broiler on while you salt and pepper both sides of your chuck steak. If you like, you can use any steak seasoning to flavor the chuck steak. Place the seasoned steak onto a baking sheet or skillet and place it below the broiler. Depending on the thickness of the steak, broil it for 7 to 9 minutes. If you'd like it on the medium or rare side, cook it closer to 6 or 7 minutes. Depending on the type of broiler you have, you may want to leave your oven door cracked so you can monitor the cooking. Use a sharp fork or kitchen tongs to carefully turn the chuck steak. Place the steak back under the broiler and let it cook for another 5 to 8 minutes, depending on thickness. Check the steak's temperature. If you want a medium-rare steak, remove it from the broiler at 145 degrees F (60 C). For a medium steak, let it cook to 160 degrees F (70 C). Remove the steak to a cutting board or serving plate. Place aluminum foil over the steak so it forms a tent and let the steak rest for about 5 minutes. This will help the muscle tissue in the steak redistribute the juice so it doesn't all run out when you begin cutting the steak. The steak should cool down about 5 degrees from the time you take it out from the broiler and after it's rested.

TL;DR in Russian:

Включите жаровню и приправьте стейк. Поджарьте мясо с одной стороны. Переверните стейк и обжарьте с другой стороны. Дайте мясу немного настояться и подавайте на стол.


If your bronchitis symptoms last for more than one week without any sign of improvement, make an appointment with your physician.  Additionally, if your symptoms are getting progressively worse, consult your doctor.  Schedule an appointment with your doctor if your cough persists for over one month. Call the doctor as soon as possible if you begin coughing up blood, having difficulty breathing, developing a fever, or feeling especially weak or ill. You should also schedule an appointment if your feet begin to swell, as congestive heart failure can cause backup of fluid into the lungs, resulting in a chronic cough. Sometimes people mistake this for bronchitis. Contact your doctor if you begin coughing up a bad-tasting fluid. This is usually caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach and dripping down into the lungs during sleep. A doctor will prescribe an acid-reducing medication to deal with this particular type of bronchitis. A doctor may prescribe an antibiotic if he or she suspects that a bacterial infection is setting in. Be aware that there is no concrete evidence that antibiotics are helpful in the resolution of acute bronchitis if it is viral, not bacterial.  Under normal circumstances, a doctor will not prescribe an antibiotic. Bronchitis is most commonly caused by a virus and antibiotics only fight bacterial infections. If you begin coughing up more mucus or if that mucus becomes thicker, you may have a bacterial infection. This is when your doctor will usually prescribe an antibiotic as the appropriate treatment. These antibiotic treatments usually last anywhere from five to 10 days. These medications are usually used to treat asthma. They might be prescribed if your bronchitis makes it difficult to breathe. A bronchodilator generally comes in the form of an inhaler. The medicine is sprayed directly into the bronchial tubes, where it opens the tubes and clears out mucus. If you have chronic bronchitis, you may need long-term therapy to strengthen your weakened lungs. Pulmonary rehabilitation...

TL;DR in Russian:

Своевременно обратитесь к врачу. Обсудите с врачом возможность приема антибиотиков. Разузнайте о рецептурных бронхолитических средствах. Рассмотрите возможность легочной реабилитации.


If your brother is being difficult, you may have to try temporarily ignoring him. This isn't a very effective strategy for long-term sibling relationships, but if you want to avoid lashing out in anger, the best response is to just ignore him.  Not responding is not a sign of weakness. If anything, it takes more strength and willpower to resist lashing out at your brother or sinking to his antics. Remember that you have to pick and choose your battles. You can't engage with your brother every single time he annoys you, especially if he's not very communicative. If you don't give your brother the response he wants (getting upset or irritated), he'll tire himself out eventually and give up on it. If your brother is annoying you, you may be tempted to lash out at him in anger or respond with equally-annoying behavior. However, that type of reaction will only make things worse. Any time you feel an urge to respond with harsh words or annoying behavior, remember that being calm and collected is more likely to break your brother out of his annoying behavior than getting angry.  Take a deep breath and let it out slowly. Keep your focus on your breathing pattern to calm down quickly.  Try counting to 10 before responding. Take deep breaths in and out during that 10-second count, and try to think about how to express yourself calmly and rationally. Go for a short walk or leave the room for a few minutes if you need to compose yourself for longer than 10 seconds. Let your brother know you'll be right back, and think about what you want to say and how best to say it. Any time you can negotiate a peaceful resolution with your brother, you should try to do so. Sometimes that may require compromising on some aspect of the situation or even putting your brother's needs before yours for a short period. Ultimately, though, this will help de-escalate the situation and may help prevent future conflicts.  Ask your brother directly what it is he wants to communicate to you. Let your brother feel heard and validated and try to...

TL;DR in Russian:

Лучше игнорировать, а не реагировать. Реагируйте в спокойной манере. Находите компромиссы. Уделите брату внимание. Не принимайте оскорбления и нападки брата близко к сердцу.


If your brows are dark, look for a product that is 1-2 shades lighter than your brow color. If your eyebrows are light, find a product that is the same color or 1 shade darker than your brows. Use a light hand when applying the pencil so the shading looks natural.  Focus the color on the arch of your brow and areas where growth is sparse.  If you feel the color isn't blended or looks to harsh, run a spoolie brush (or a clean mascara wand) through your brows to soften and distribute the color. The powder is meant to cling to your existing hair and really make your brows look thick and full. Use a light stroke so the pigment doesn't stick to your skin and follow the natural arch of your brow.  To keep your brow looking natural, apply the powder from the beginning of your arch down to the end of your brow. Then use the brush to blend the powder toward the inner 1/3 of your brow.  If desired, finish the look by applying brow gel to your brows with an angled brush or a spoolie brush.

TL;DR in Russian:

Выберите тени или карандаш для бровей подходящего оттенка. Зарисуйте брови короткими штрихами карандашом. При нанесении теней используйте скошенную (угловую) кисть.


If your budgie is new, it will need time to get used to its cage. You should let it adjust for at least a few days and make sure that the bird is in a quiet environment before attempting to train it. By this time, the budgie should start to relax and feel comfortable.  Make sure to read the Wikihow tutorial on how to take care of a budgie  Stay close to the cage. Talk to it quietly as you wait for it to adjust but do not try to handle it. It will get used to you in the course of a few days or weeks. Avoid loud noises and screams. Your budgie is likely to be stressed by this new environment. Name your budgie. Say it often, especially when you feed it, so that it gets used to its new name. Read your bird a story. This might sound strange but budgies like to hear their owner's voice. Reading them a book will sooth them and make your voice familiar. The budgie will slowly recognize you as the one providing food. The bird will trust you faster and will be excited when seeing you.  Water and food should be changed daily, even if the budgie hasn't touched it. A new budgie will often refuse to eat for up to a week, as it gets used to its new life. Introduce your budgie to treats before training starts. Give it a piece of fruit or a few seeds. Your bird will love it and will be more willing to learn if it has an incentive. Don't exaggerate with treats as you want to keep your bird healthy. Once the bird is at ease with you, you can let it fly in a room with all of the windows and doors closed. This extra space will make your budgie happy and will keep it fit for the forthcoming training.  To call it back, switch off all the lights and leave the curtain of one window open, but remember to close the window. The budgie will be attracted towards the light. Hold it gently and put it back inside the cage. Make sure that there is no cat or predator in the room. If you have a child, don’t let him/her frighten the bird. Budgies are easily traumatized.

TL;DR in Russian:

Позаботьтесь о том, чтобы попугайчик чувствовал себя как дома. Ежедневно кормите попугайчика и давайте ему воду. Позвольте попугаю летать по комнате.


If your bulbs are not performing well in spring, give them a low-nitrogen, high-potash fertilizer. Remember that your first year might not yield great results, but ask your nursery or consider replanting if this is a continual problem.

TL;DR in Russian:

Удобряйте луковицы по мере необходимости.


If your burner elements soak while you work on the stove top, they will be easier to clean. Scrub the burner caps and grates with a scouring pad and rinse them off before putting them back on your clean stove. Some burners are not removable, or may have electrical components in them that shouldn’t get wet. If this is the case, lay a warm, wet cloth over the burners instead of soaking them, and wipe them down with a paper towel after scrubbing. This will remove any loose grease or debris that is not attached to the stove top. Gather up any crumbs with the paper towel and throw them away. Use your hands or simply shake the box over the stove until the entire surface is covered in at least a light layer of baking soda. You can sprinkle a little extra on any particularly greasy or crusty areas. The steam will help loosen up any crusted-on food and help the baking soda cut through the grease. Take a couple of kitchen towels and run them under warm water with a little bit of dish soap. Squeeze them until they are not dripping heavily, and lay them over the entire surface of the stove. After 15 minutes, begin to sweep the towels around the surface of the stove in an S pattern. This should gather up the baking soda as well as any loosened crust or crumbs. Use the towels to pick up the debris and throw it in the trash. Clean off any remaining baking soda or mess with a wet, non-soapy rag or sponge. If the rag becomes too dirty, rinse it off and squeeze it out before wiping again. Black stove tops tend to show streaks after cleaning, so it’s important to dry the surface as soon as possible. Microfiber cloths are ideal for creating a smooth finish without visible streaks.

TL;DR in Russian:

Замочите конфорки и решетки в горячей воде. Вытрите плиту сухим бумажным полотенцем. Рассыпьте соду по всей поверхности плиты. Накройте плиту теплыми мыльными полотенцами и оставьте на 15 минут. Вытрите соду мыльными полотенцами. Протрите плиту мокрой тряпкой или губкой. Отполируйте поверхность плиты салфеткой из микрофибры.


If your cake is stuck in the pan, slide a sharp knife between the pan and the edge of the cake all the way around. Use your hands to whack the sides and bottom of the pan a bit to help release the cake, then leave it to cool for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes, try to turn out the cake again. If it still comes out a mess, see the suggestions above for turning it into trifle, cake balls, or another broken-cake recipe. with a sharp knife. Sometimes, your cake may rise unevenly. If that's happened to you and you want an even top, just use a sharp bread knife to cut off the uneven part. You now have an even and smooth top for frosting. Warm cake layers are more likely to crumble or tear. If you're trying to cut layers in half, leave them in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes to cool down, then try again.

TL;DR in Russian:

Отделите пирог от противня с помощью ножа. Выровняйте неровный пирог острым ножом. Если при попытке разрезать пирог он разделяется на слои, положите его в холодильник. <finished>


If your carpet has a lingering smell of urine, it might be difficult to spot the dried-up stain causing the odor. Purchase a black light flashlight online and shine it over your carpet to spot the soiled section. Apply an odor neutralizer directly to the area to remove the smell. Black lights designed specifically for pet messes are available online or in select pet stores. Soak up as much urine as you can from the carpet before cleaning it. Use a clean cloth or several paper towels to press down gently on the stain to absorb it. Repeat until you have soaked as much liquid out of the carpet as you can. Mix 2 cups (0.47 L) of white vinegar, 2 cups (0.47 L) warm water, and 4 tablespoons (59 ml) of baking soda in an empty spray bottle. Spray the odor-removing mixture generously onto urine-stained spots on your carpet and let it sit for 5 minutes. Using a clean cloth or several paper towels, gently blot up the liquid. To remove a lingering odor of pet urine that vinegar and baking soda can't get rid of, look online or in your local pet store for a pet-safe enzyme cleaner. Enzymatic formulas should destroy the bacteria that causes odor, leaving your carpet smelling fresh. Look for a non-toxic spray that is good for carpets, vet approved, and safe for kids and pets. Steam cleaners are an excellent way to remove many stains from carpeting, but they can permanently set the odor of urine into a carpet. The heat from the steam may cause the urine protein to bind into the carpet fibers, making it even more difficult to remove. Even if urine stains linger after you target them with other cleaners, it is best to keep steam and other sources of heat away from them.

TL;DR in Russian:

Обнаружьте высохшие пятна мочи с помощью ультрафиолета. Промокните свежее пятно мочи чистой тряпкой. Приготовьте спрей из уксуса и соды. Как вариант, можно использовать ферментный очиститель, который безопасен для домашних животных. Не пытайтесь убрать пятна мочи пароочистителем.


If your cat dies at home, it's important to store the body in a cool place until you're able to proceed with cremation or burial plans. This ensures that the body won't deteriorate or become a hazard to your family's health. Wrap the cat carefully in plastic (such as a plastic bag) and store the body in a cool place, such as a freezer or on a cold concrete floor. If your cat is euthanized, the vet will properly store the body for you. If you would like to have your cat cremated, talk with your vet about options in your area. If you would prefer to bury your cat, research local pet cemeteries where you can have your cat interred.  In some states it is legal to bury your pet on your property, while in other places it is not legal. Before deciding where to bury your pet, research your local laws.  It is illegal to bury your cat in a public park or other public land. The death of a pet can be extremely difficult. It's normal to feel deep sadness once your pet has passed away. Make an appointment with a grief counselor who specializes in helping people who have lost pets. Your veterinarian may be able to refer you to a qualified counselor.

TL;DR in Russian:

Позаботьтесь об останках питомца. Сделайте выбор между кремацией и погребением. Подумайте, как после смерти питомца совладать со скорбью.


If your cat gets too aggressive while playing and uses his teeth or nails, respond by immediately disengaging from the play activity, standing or sitting still, and ignoring him. Your cat will want to play, and when you deprive him of movement and interaction, he will quickly learn that he does not want that outcome.  Never hit your cat. Likewise, do not yell at him or squirt him with water if he has bitten you. Over time, these negative responses can cause your cat to become fearful of you.  Try changing the nature of your play if your cat becomes too aggressive. It's possible that he has slipped into hunting mode. Use a toy with a long string or handle to allow your cat to exercise his need to hunt without causing you injury or creating poor behavior. It's possible he bit or scratched you because you handled him roughly or chased him into a defensive position. If your cat needs room, give him room. If he does not want to be handled, do not try to handle him. Your cat may not be getting enough exercise or enough outlets for his predatory instincts. Try giving him toys that he can flick, like a ball or a stuffed mouse. This will make him feel like he is hunting and catching. Better yet, use a toy with a string or pole, like a "fishing" toy, so that you and your cat can play together. Try using catnip. Many stuffed cat toys come with a velcro pouch to insert catnip, or you can simply sprinkle some catnip on the floor and let your cat roll around in it. About half of all cats won't find catnip desirable, but those that do will enjoy a short, safe burst of play time, followed by a period of ecstatic inactivity.

TL;DR in Russian:

Притворитесь мертвыми. Уважайте пределы терпения кошки. Предоставьте кошке возможность охотиться.


If your cat has been diagnosed with a medical condition that requires special treatment, medication, or other interventions, make sure that you follow the veterinarian's instructions. If your cat's blindness is related to a medical condition, it will not improve until she is cured. Contact your veterinarian immediately if your cat's condition worsens or does not improve despite treatment. Be aware that some forms of blindness are not reversible even with medical interventions. Your cat may remain blind for the rest of her life, but she can still have a happy life. Your cat is still normal. Even though she has gone blind, she will still want to do everything that a cat likes to do, like playing. While buying toys, look for cat toys that are made specifically for blind cats. Also, shift from sight-based games to sound-based ones, such as "follow-the-noise." Anything that crinkles, crackles, resounds or can be tapped can serve as a new source of entertainment. Try buying toys that squeak like a mouse or chirp like a bird. Your cat might like to play follow the noise with those types of toys. as you always have. Groom your cat regularly, feed your cat nutritious food, provide occasional treats, and take your cat to a vet for regular check-ups. Pay special attention to your cat's nose and ears, as these senses now make life easier for your cat.  Keep your cat's food and water in the same place they have always been kept. Consider adding a second litter box to make it easier for your cat to get to the bathroom in time. It may take her longer to find the box now that she is blind.

TL;DR in Russian:

Следуйте указаниям ветеринара по уходу за питомцем. Играйте с кошкой. Ухаживайте за кошкой


If your cat has crust in the corners of the eyes or has an eye problem that is causing tearing or other discharge, you will need to clean around the eyes. This will keep the cat comfortable and prevent further irritation. You should also take your cat to the vet to have the discharge looked at. Sometimes cats get colds and other viruses that require some medication to clear them up.  Blot tears with a cotton ball or soft cloth. Use a moistened piece of cotton to remove crusted debris or other dried or thick material around the cat's eyes. Make sure to use a separate cloth or cotton ball for each eye to help prevent the spread of infections between the eyes.   Avoid using eye washes or drops in the eyes themselves unless directed to do so by a veterinarian. Facial folds are prominent in flat-faced breeds like the Persian and Himalayan. These should be cleaned, especially for cats with chronic eye discharge.  Tears and other discharge can build up in these folds and predispose the cat to skin disease.  To clean facial folds, use a piece of moistened cotton or a moist soft cloth to gently remove tears and other debris in the area.  Make sure to get the skin between the folds as well as the skin on either side. Chronic moisture is a concern here, so make sure to use a damp rather than wet cloth. Gently pat the cleansed area dry after wiping. Take a look at your cat’s ears. They should be pale pink in color, and there shouldn’t be any debris, wax build-up, or odor.  If you are in doubt as to whether there is a problem or not, compare one ear with the opposite side - they should both look the same. If one side looks different to the other, then you will know there is an issue. To clean the ears:  Ask your vet to recommend a liquid ear cleaner, which is generally available at a pet supply store. Use a small amount of cleaner on a cotton ball. Fold the cat’s ear back and use the cotton ball to wipe away dirt. Do not clean the ear canal, as this can cause trauma and/or infection. Do not put cotton tips down into the...

TL;DR in Russian:

Удалите корочки из глаз кошки. Протрите складки на мордочке. Осматривайте и очищайте уши. Осмотрите мордочку кошки на наличие проблем со здоровьем.


If your cat has diarrhea that lasts more than a few days, if she's also vomiting, or if she also seems lethargic (more tired than usual) she needs veterinary attention. Call your vet and ask if you should bring a sample of the feces with you in case your veterinarian wants to do an analysis of the specimen. Bring a fresh fecal sample that's less than 12 hours old. Small amounts of red blood in the stool may be a minor issue. If the stool appears black and sticky (or “tarry”), it may mean that digested blood is coming from the stomach and that a stomach ulcer may have formed. Your veterinarian will probably do some tests (blood work, fecal analysis for internal parasites, x-rays, ultrasound) and prescribe a medication. If your veterinarian finds intestinal parasites in your cat’s stool, the appropriate medication will be prescribed. If it's not an intestinal parasite, the veterinarian may prescribe a medication to slow down the diarrhea, such as Metronidazole, Prednisolone or Tylosin. Bring your cat into a small room and shut the door. Hold your cat firmly in your left arm (if you're right-handed) and wrap her in a towel like a cocoon if she will let you. Give the medicine using a syringe (or eyedropper) at the side of the cat’s mouth and administer a little at a time.  Make sure the cat is swallowing the medicine and not just letting it drip out. Your veterinarian should include a syringe or eyedropper when they dispense liquid medications. It never hurts to ask for a second one just in case you need a back up. You may want to give your cat a second syringe with a small amount of room temperature water to swallow: this will help clear the medicine taste from his mouth. Be sure to ask your vet how soon you should see improvement. Some chronic conditions, like inflammatory bowel disease, may need medication for months, perhaps for life. If the treatment plan is working for your cat, the diarrhea should improve or be resolved completely. Signs of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are: weight loss, dehydration,...

TL;DR in Russian:

Знайте, в каких случаях следует обратиться к ветеринару. Покажите кошку ветеринару. Давайте кошке выписанные препараты. Следите, улучшается ли состояние вашего питомца.


If your cat has kidney failure, talk to your veterinarian. He or she may prescribe a special renal diet that contains restricted amounts of high-quality protein and minimal amounts of phosphate and certain minerals. Protein, phosphate, and minerals are very difficult for the kidney to filter, so prescription diets that restrict these substances place less strain on the organ. Studies show that phosphate can also cause scar tissue to build up on the kidney, so it is doubly important to restrict phosphate in your cat’s diet. Veterinarians used to suggest relying primarily on white meats – chicken, turkey, and white fish – because they are easier to digest and place less strain on the kidney than other foods. However, a cat with kidney failure still needs to consume a balanced diet, including good sources of vitamins and certain minerals – especially calcium, which is essential for the heart, bones, and eyes. Your veterinarian may therefore recommend a more balanced mix of foods. Over time, a diet made up only of white meat may cause your cat to develop swollen joints, fragile bones, failing vision, or heart failure. The most important thing, for a cat with kidney failure, is to make sure it eats something. Some cats will starve themselves if they don’t like the food they are offered; there’s no point, then, in providing a prescription or home-prepared renal diet that remains uneaten. It’s better to compromise and give your cat something appealing to eat.  If your cat won't eat, it may develop a form of liver failure called hepatic lipidosis, which is just as dangerous as kidney failure. Talk to your veterinarian if you think this may be a concern. If your cat has a poor appetite (a common symptom of kidney failure), try hand feeding – many cats will start eating if offered food straight from their owners’ fingertips. Alternatively, try dabbing a spot of food on your cat’s whiskers so that it grooms the food off and gets the flavor in its mouth. Doing so can sometimes encourage a cat to eat. You can also try...

TL;DR in Russian:

Подумайте о прописанной диете. Обсудите с ветеринаром лучшие источники белка и питательных веществ, если вы собираетесь использовать домашнюю диету. Давайте еду, которую любит ваш кот/кошка. Давайте своему коту/кошке фосфат-связыватели. Убедитесь, что ваш кот/кошка пьет достаточно воды.


If your cat has runny eyes or a discharge, use dampened cotton wool to wipe away the gunk. Do this as often as is needed, which for some cats with a heavy infection could mean hourly.  Pat the eye dry afterwards. As the cotton wool become soiled, switch to a fresh piece. Use separate pieces for each eye. It is not uncommon for kittens with an eye infection to have their eyelids stuck shut by discharge. It is important to clean their eyes because the infection could build up behind the eyelids and then cause blindness. If the eyelids are gummed shut, soak a clean ball of cotton wool in some previously boiled (and cooled) water. Repeatedly wipe the damp cotton ball over the eye, wiping from the inside corner to the outside. At the same time use the finger and thumb of the opposite hand to apply gentle pressure to the upper and lower lids in order to pry them open. Trim long hair away from the eyes and keep its face clean. It is also a good idea to avoid using aerosols near a cat, as its eyes are very sensitive and may weep as a result.

TL;DR in Russian:

Прочистите выделения из глаза. Будьте особенно осторожны с глазами котенка. Смотрите, чтобы в глаза кошки не попали раздражители.


If your cat has spots, but they're not infected, simply clean the spots. You can use a topical cleansing agent like chlorhexidine, which comes as a concentrated pink, soapy liquid. Dilute the chlorhexidine in water, with a ratio of around 5ml chlorhexidine to 100 ml of water. Moisten a cotton wool ball with the solution and wipe it over the cat's chin twice a day. Monitor the area and if the lesions worsen, check in with your vet. Chlorhexidine is suitable for use in cats because it is not toxic to them and does not sting. It cleanses the skin of bacteria and makes it less likely that bacteria will colonize the hair follicles. To wash the chin, wet it with damp cotton wool and add a drop of benzyl peroxide shampoo to the wool. Rub this on the chin and leave it in to dry for 5 minutes. Rinse the area well using a clean flannel cloth soaked in water. If you want to treat the whole cat, dilute the shampoo, rub it into your cat's wet fur, and rinse well with warm water. Wash the affected area in the morning and evening. If redness or soreness develops, stop the treatment until the skin heals. Then start again, but dilute the shampoo more. Pet shampoos containing benzyl peroxide are useful to treat feline acne, because the benzyl peroxide penetrates into the follicles. This will deep clean the follicle, destroy the bacteria, and remove excess waxy grease that might contribute to feline acne. Soak a ball of cotton wool in moderately warm salt water. To prepare the water, boil water and stir in a teaspoon of salt. Let this mixture cool to just above body temperature. Once you've soaked the ball in the solution, squeeze out the excess moisture and hold the damp cotton wool against your cat's chin. Try to keep it there for 5 minutes. Repeat this two or three times a day until the spots burst or get smaller. A hot compress can help reduce the size of the spots or cause them to burst. Either way, this will relieve pressure on the follicles, which would otherwise irritate your cat's skin. The vet may prescribe oral...

TL;DR in Russian:

Очищайте неинфицированные прыщи. Используйте очищающий волосяные фолликулы шампунь. Прикладывайте к коже животного теплые компрессы. Давайте кошке назначенные ветеринаром антибиотики. Профилактика акне.


If your cat has started going to the bathroom on a rug or other place on the ground in your house, place a litter box over that spot to encourage her to use the box instead. After she has used the box for one month, move it an inch per day until it is back where you want it to be. Cats like to use dark spaces to go to the bathroom, so a closet might be very appealing to your cat. If your cat has started urinating on the floor of a dark space, keep the light turned on or consider a motion light to discourage your cat from urinating in that space. Cats may develop a preference for a certain type of surface and begin using it as a bathroom. Turning over rugs and carpet runners may discourage your cat by changing the texture of the surface. Try flipping over your rugs and carpets for a few days to see if that stops your cat from urinating on them. Sticky tape can discourage a cat from urinating on a piece of furniture because the sensation of the tape on their paws is unpleasant. Try applying double sided sticky tape to the edges of furniture as well as over the spot where your cat likes to urinate. Cleaning up accidents right after they happen will also help deter your cat from using the same spot again. Use an enzymatic cleaner rather than an ammonia based one. Ammonia-based cleaners may cause your cat to urinate more often on the spot because she may interpret the ammonia as another cat’s urine that she must cover up with her own urine. If you have a long haired cat, she may have an aversion to the litter box because she feels dirty after using it. Keeping your cat’s hair trimmed may help her to use the litter box. You may also need to bathe her to make sure that she does not smell like urine or feces. If you are uncomfortable with bathing your cat, look for an experienced cat groomer in your area. Negative associations with the litter box may be improved by doing things like playing with your cat around the litter box. Try playing with your cat a few feet away from her box a few times per day to help generate...

TL;DR in Russian:

Постепенно начните передвигать лоток. Подсветите темные места, где кот ходит в туалет. Переверните коврики. Приклейте к мебели двухсторонний скотч. Обрабатывайте места, где были лужи, с помощью чистящего средства с энзимами. Стригите длинную шерсть вокруг хвоста. Играйте с котом возле лотка. Если ситуация не улучшится, поговорите с ветеринаром.


If your cat hasn’t travelled by car recently, several weeks prior to your trip, take it on several short car rides (30 minutes or less). Be sure to put the cat in the travel cage you will use on your trip to get the cat used to the noise and motion of the car and the smell of the cage.  Give your cat treats while it is in the car. This will give it better feelings about being there. Look upon these as trial runs to work out any kinks before you have to take a long trip far from home. If your cat is prone to motion sickness, which your trial runs should determine, ask your vet to prescribe medication. Anti-nausea medication such as chlorpromazine can be used to help control motion sickness.  The signs of a cat with motion sickness (while in the car of course) include: crying or vocalizing that doesn’t quit after a few minutes into the car ride, excessive drooling, immobility, or acting afraid to move, or excess activity or pacing, vomiting, or urinating or defecating.  Ginger has also been used to treat nausea in humans and it is safe to use in cats; this can be found in liquid form or chews from on-line or brick and mortar pet stores or in the occasional veterinary clinic. Give a few drops in his water each day and a drop in the mouth before setting off each day if he is visibly distressed. You can test its effectiveness by giving an oral dose and then taking a short car ride 30 minutes later. This should be your preferred treatment, as sedatives only slow a cat whereas the flower essence will help them remain calm and confident. Try training with trial drives and non-medicated options first before resorting to medications. Your veterinarian can help you sort out which one will work best for your cat. Some options include over the counter antihistamines (Benadryl) and prescription medication, such as alprazolam (Xanax) to relieve anxiety. Discuss dosages with your veterinarian and follow their advice carefully for the best result. Observe the cat's behavior, and if there are any negative results, you still...

TL;DR in Russian:

Адаптируйте кошку к поездкам на машине. Если необходимо, попросите ветеринара назначить кошке средство от укачивания в транспорте. Давайте кошке успокоительные гомеопатические капли Rescue Remedy, чтобы помочь ей преодолеть страх и стресс от поездок или боязнь новых мест. В качестве последнего средства попросите ветеринара назначить кошке транквилизаторы. Испытайте применение успокоительных еще дома за несколько дней перед путешествием. За несколько дней до путешествия возьмите полотенце или одеяло и положите его на лежанку кошки или то место, в котором она любит спать. Подготовьте клетку-переноску утром в день отъезда или накануне вечером. Обработайте внутреннее пространство клетки-переноски спреем с кошачьими феромонами "Феливей" за 20 минут до отъезда.


If your cat is constantly hanging out by the front door, waiting to make its escape when some unwitting person opens it, try exiting out a different door.  For instance, instead of going in and out through the front door, try using the back or garage door.  Another good option is to exit and enter via a door with an antechamber.  After passing through the first door, close it firmly behind you and look about to ensure your feline friend hasn’t followed you.  If your cat does get past the first door, you’ll notice and be able to put him or her back inside before exiting the secondary door which actually leads outside. When you have guests over, put your cat in another room until the festivities are over.  This way, when people come through the main door, your cat won’t be around to dart through it. If your cat thinks that being near the door is a place where you will pet or play with it, your cat will gravitate toward the door.  If your cat is in the habit of greeting you and getting a friendly hello right when you walk in, break yourself of that habit.  Don’t even look at your cat until after you’ve taken your shoes off, removed your jacket, and moved away from the door.  Instead, greet your cat warmly and pat it’s head only in the living room, bedroom, or hallway.  This way, the cat will learn to meet you at the place where it knows you’ll give it attention. Do the same thing when you leave.  Instead of bidding your cat farewell at the door, do so at your designated hello/goodbye spot. A pet barrier is a small device which emits a loud beeping sound when your cat approaches the door.  The sound is triggered  by a wireless device you attach to the cat’s collar.  When the cat approaches to close to the door, the sound will trigger, scaring the cat away.  If your cat is insistent on approaching the door, he or she will receive a small, harmless static shock from the collar in order to keep them inside.  In time, your cat will avoid going near the door altogether. A pet-proof spray is similar in purpose, if not...

TL;DR in Russian:

Используйте разный вход и выход. Возле двери не обращайте внимания на кошку. Спрей с отпугивающим запахом или звуковое устройство. Запирайте дверцу для кошки. Научите кота сидеть. Досаждайте коту. Стерилизуйте кошку.


If your cat is constantly scratching you or pieces of furniture, there's a chance that he's doing it because he needs to scratch. A cat scratches household items to mark his scent on that item (using glands in his paws), and to remove the sheath that naturally grows over his claws. Giving him an outlet, like a scratching post, to satisfy his scratching needs should alleviate some of this problem behavior.   If you catch your cat scratching furniture, a carpet, or any other place he's not supposed to scratch, interrupt him with a sharp noise. Try clapping your hands or shaking a jar full of coins to startle your cat out of his scratching.  Immediately direct your cat to his scratching post. By interrupting his scratching of furniture and moving him to an acceptable object like a scratching post, you are reinforcing for your cat the notion that some objects are okay to scratch, but not others. Cats tend to dislike the smells of citrus and menthol. Rubbing a little bit of oil on the furniture your cat scratches the most could help prevent him from scratching there in the future.  Soak several cotton balls in either citrus oil or a menthol-based muscle rub.  Try dabbing the cotton ball on the legs and armrests of furniture your cat tends to target. Note that this will leave your furniture with a slight odor and may cause staining. Citrus oil may be less likely to stain. If you're concerned about the oils soaking through to your furniture, you may want to try simply taping the cotton balls onto the legs of couches and tables your cat tends to scratch. If your cat continues to pounce on your hands or feet, or destroy furniture around the house, it might be time to employ the water squirt method. Fill a spray bottle with clean, cold water. When the cat pounces, give him or her a quick squirt. Cats don't appreciate being sprayed with water, and they'll soon learn to associate this uncomfortable sensation with biting or scratching you. Be advised, however, that your cat will come to associate you with the unpleasant...

TL;DR in Russian:

Предоставьте кошке когтеточку. Прибегните к помощи цитрусовых или ментола. Прибегните к методу опрыскивания водой. Не удаляйте кошке когти.


If your cat is constipated, you may notice her repeatedly enter the litter box, squat to defecate, but fail to pass any feces. Your cat may strain and vocalize (meow, cry, yowl) during these attempts. Other symptoms can include low energy, loss of appetite, throwing-up foam or undigested food, and abdominal pain. Sometimes, you can even feel a large hard lump of feces if you gently push on your cat's abdomen. Signs of constipation can look similar to signs of a urinary blockage, which is an emergency that can quickly become life threatening. If you suspect your cat has been straining to urinate, or if you have not seen any urine in the litter box in more than 12 hours, take your cat to the vet to rule out a urinary obstruction. Tumors and foreign objects like hair, bones, and plant material can obstruct the passage of feces. Sometimes diet can play a role in constipation. If your cat has a history of constipation, you might add canned food for extra moisture or enrich the cat's diet with psyllium. Metabolic or endocrine disorders like dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, or obesity may also cause constipation. Neurological problems from spinal cord disease, pelvic injuries, or primary nerve dysfunction can cause constipation in some cats. Megacolon may develop when feces is impacted in colon and colon no longer pushes contents along. You can try an enema at home if your cat is mildly constipated (less than 2 to 3 days) or when constipation is not chronically observed. If the case is more severe or you think your cat may have a more complicated disorder, seek veterinary care. Your cat may have a more complicated disorder if you notice changes in water intake, very low energy level, severe vomiting, or a complete loss of appetite. Sometimes, a constipated cat might be slightly less hungry from feeling full or from the discomfort of being constipated, but may still be willing to eat. Attempt an enema at home only if your cat is docile and gentle. She shouldn't have other underlying painful or medical conditions...

TL;DR in Russian:

Необходимо знать признаки запора. Попробуйте определить причину запора. Необходимо понимать, когда клизма допустима. Необходимо знать все особенности вашей кошки.


If your cat is having a hard time with grooming, then your cat may have a medical condition that makes it painful to groom. In this case, addressing the underlying issue will help to make your cat more comfortable and your cat may even start grooming himself again. Treatments might include dental attention for a cat with a sore mouth or pain killing medications for the elderly arthritic. If your cat’s fur is severely matted, then seek the help of a professional to remove the matted fur. It is traumatic to the cat to have large matts removed and it is often kindest to sedate the cat so that he is happily oblivious to the procedure. When your cat is not grooming himself as well as he once did, one of the best things you can do is to incorporate regular brushing into your routine. Brushing the cat from head to tail removes loose fur, dirt and other debris and stimulates circulation and sebaceous gland secretions. This helps return shine and luster to the coat and prevents the formation of painful mats, especially in long-haired cats. Do not brush your cat while he is agitated. Gently pet your cat and talk soothingly to him. He will respond better to you.  If your cat is not used to being groomed then he may resent being brushed. Try to help him understand it is a pleasant experience and keep the first sessions short so that he doesn't lose patience. Try brushing your cat right before you feed him so that he associates being brushed with a food reward afterwards. This may increase his tolerance levels for being brushed.  Keep in mind that brushing can be a bonding experience between owner and pet. But if your pet is agitated or stressed, he may start to associate negative feelings with you instead. In some cases you may need to groom your cat right away even if he is unwilling. For example, if you cat has soiled himself, then it might be necessary to groom your cat even if he is agitated. In these cases there are several options to help you calm and control your cat.   Use a towel. If it is essential to groom the...

TL;DR in Russian:

Отвезите кошку к ветеринару. Начните вычесывать кошку каждый день. Приступайте к вычесыванию, когда кошка будет в спокойном состоянии. Защитите себя и постарайтесь успокоить кошку. Решите, как часто нужно вычесывать кошку. Будьте осторожны, вычесывая шерсть кошки. Во время вычесывания осматривайте кожу животного. Удалите грязь металлическим гребнем. Распутайте все колтуны. Срежьте колтуны, которые вы не можете распутать. Соберите линяющую шерсть щеткой.


If your cat is missing for more than a few hours, talk to your neighbors and make fliers to put under door handles. Put your name, phone number, and a photo of your cat on the flier. Describe any distinguishing marks (such as, "triangular white spot on shoulder"), and write the coat color if you're distributing black-and-white flyers. Search for online templates for "Lost Cat posters" if you're not sure how to make one from scratch.  Include relevant information about specific dietary or medical conditions if life threatening. Ask neighbors to kindly check their sheds, garages and basements. Closest neighbors that the cat is reasonably familiar with are good places to check with first. Offering a reward can be good motivation and can get people out looking instead of "keeping an eye out." If you receive a report of a cat sighting that doesn't quite match your cat's description, visit the location anyway to make sure. Descriptions from strangers often don't match the description you would give the cat. Keep info on posters large, easy to read and simple. Include the relevant facts only. As well, ensure that the associated contact details are up-to-date, so a vet or animal agency can call you. Implanting a microchip is a very common procedure and only needs to be done once in a pet's life. Microchips are implanted by a veterinary professional under the skin over the shoulder blades of the cat. The microchip is about the size of a grain of rice and carries a unique code that can be read by a scanner when the hand held scanning device is waved over the pet's body.  When the chip is implanted in the pet, the owner provides registration information to the microchip company that will be kept on file until the owner changes that information. The code will be linked to the owner's information through the microchip's database. When the scanner reveals the code, the microchip company can then be contacted with the code and the owner's information will be available. Most veterinarians and animal shelters will check for a...

TL;DR in Russian:

Распространите листовки с объявлением о пропаже в своем микрорайоне. Если ваша кошка чипирована, убедитесь в том, что микрочипу присвоены ваши актуальные контактные данные, чтобы ветеринарные службы при обнаружении кошки могли связаться с вами при необходимости. Развесьте объявления в правильных местах. Разместите в интернете цветную фотографию питомца. Дайте объявление в местной газете. Смените запись на автоответчике. Обзвоните местные приюты для животных. Своевременно и регулярно проверяйте приюты, службы отлова животных и общественные зоозащитные организации. Попробуйте сообщить в полицию о пропаже. Проверяйте раздел находок в газетах и интернете. Наймите детектива по розыску домашних животных.


If your cat is safe and protected, it will love you more. Ensure your cat has a safe place to sleep, feels secure while toileting, has unobstructed access to food, and is not threatened by other human or animal members of the household.  Ensure that your cat cannot access poisonous substances. Keep your pantry and cupboard doors closed, as cats are curious animals and they may get into trouble. Outfit your cat with a collar with a quick release buckle (in case he gets stuck) that includes contact information in case it runs away. Cats are creatures of habit. Don't change their feeding times drastically or very often. When cats do something good try to reward them with a treat, but don't let this interfere with their main meal. To get your cat to love you more, avoid frequently changing the type or brand of food they eat.  Cats can be perfectly healthy eating dry food, canned food, or a combination of both.   Most experts recommend feeding your cat no more than two meals a day. In industrialized countries, one in five cats is obese, which can cause serious health problems. When leaving home, make sure your cat has enough food and access to fresh water. If you're away from home for an extended period, ensure that someone keeps an eye on your cat's well-being, cleans its litter, and provides some stimulation. A neglected cat will not love you.  While cats are fairly independent creatures, they also need human attention and regular grooming. If going on vacation, consider a cattery or pet sitter. Cats love cleanliness; if their litter box is dirty they may find somewhere else to go. Add fresh litter daily. Wash out the box with soap and water routinely.   Don't suddenly change a cat's type or brand of litter. When switching to a new brand of litter, gradually introduce it by mixing the new and the old. They love it! Regular brushing will keep their coats and skin healthy, prevent matting, and reduce shedding and hairballs. Grooming is a great chance to discover lumps, fleas, or injuries. Also use brushing as an...

TL;DR in Russian:

Позаботьтесь о безопасности кошки. Кормите кошку по графику. Не игнорируйте потребности вашей кошки! Очищайте лоток регулярно. Часто расчесывайте свою кошку. Играйте с вашей кошкой. Приобретите стойку для царапанья. Приобретите или сделайте своими руками "кошачье дерево", которое ваш питомец сможет использовать в качестве игровой стойки и когтеточки. Кормите своего питомца.


If your cat is scratching its ears a lot, if you spot signs of infection, or if the cat's itching has caused it to injure itself, then it needs veterinary care. Make an appointment with your veterinarian and take the cat in. Discuss the cat's symptoms with the veterinarian and allow them to do an exam.  After the vet does the exam, discuss your cat's diagnosis. Itchy ears can have a variety of causes, including ear mites, ear infections, and polyps or growths.  In severe cases of ear disease, your veterinarian may suggest sedating your cat so that they can do a thorough exam. Your veterinarian may suggest that the cat get its ears cleaned at the veterinary office or by you at home. If you are told to clean them at home, your veterinarian should give you very clear instructions and they should provide you with cleaner or the name of a product they recommend.  Use a specific cleaner made for cats’ ears. Clean very carefully, as cleaning that is too rough can damage the cat's eardrums or inner ear. Never stick a cotton swab or any other item into your cat’s ear canal. Don’t clean your cat’s ears before taking it to the vet. The vet may need to get a sample of the discharge to determine the cause of the itching. In some cases, cleaning the cat's ears will remove the dirt and debris that was causing irritations, and thus will be all that is needed to treat the itching. If your veterinarian has found polyps or other growths in your cat's ear, they are likely to suggest removal. This type of surgical procedure will require that your cat be put under anesthesia and it will need pre and post surgery care from you. Other procedures your cat may have to undergo at the veterinary office include removal of foreign bodies and stitches to close up wounds or trauma. If you are told to put medicated drops into your cat's ears as part of its treatment, you will need to take care when applying them. Hold your cat on your lap and gently fold back one of its ears with one of your hands. Then use your other hand to quickly drop...

TL;DR in Russian:

Отвезите кота на осмотр к ветеринару. Попросите ветеринара почистить коту уши. Доверьте ветеринару провести все нужные процедуры. Закапывайте уши кошки. Следуйте прочим указаниям касательно лечения.


If your cat is suffering from bladder stones, time may be of the essence. Stones have been shown to grow to problematic sizes in as little as two weeks. Bladder stone growth may lead to severe pain, vomiting, and depression. If a blocked ureter is not diagnosed and treated quickly, the blocked kidney may become irreversibly damaged. Depending on the severity and location of your cat's bladder stones, your veterinarian may recommend something as simple as a change in diet, or a major surgical procedure.  Your vet may prescribe a special diet that will dissolve mineral deposits in your cat and alter its pH to prevent future deposits.  Your vet may flush your cat's bladder. This involves the use of a catheter to remove deposits and any residual sediment.  Your vet may perform a cystostomy, in which the bladder is surgically opened and the mineral deposits physically removed.  Your vet may recommend a perineal urethrotomy, in which the urethra is surgically widened. If your veterinarian recommends surgery as the best option to remove a severe bladder stone, there are several steps you may need to take to prepare it for surgery.  Have your cat fast before receiving anesthesia. Any time an animal is anesthetized, there is a risk that, if vomiting occurs, it may be inhaled into the lungs. The best way to prevent this is to keep your pet from eating any food prior to the scheduled procedure. Fast times may vary, depending on your cat's age and size, and the specific anesthesia being used on your cat. Consult with your veterinarian to determine how long your cat should fast prior to surgery.  Keep your cat hydrated. Unless your vet advises otherwise, you should be able to give your cat water overnight until the morning of the procedure.  If your cat requires daily medication, ask your veterinarian whether or not to administer those medications prior to surgery. If your cat has undergone surgery, your vet will provide you with the information you need to care for your cat after its surgery. This will probably include...

TL;DR in Russian:

Действуйте без промедления. Обдумайте возможные варианты. Подготовьте своего питомца к хирургической операции. Позаботьтесь о послеоперационном уходе.


If your cat is visibly angry, you will need to give her some time before you try to approach her and apologize; approaching too soon may result in getting scratched. Try not to wait too long to apologize, however; instead, approach the cat as soon as she appears calmer. You can also approach a frightened cat, but do so with caution. Refer to the section in this article on reading your cat's body language to learn how to determine your cat's mood.  If your cat keeps running away from you, consider leaving behind a small treat in a place she can find. This will let her know that you are sorry and still care about her. A frightened cat should be approached with care. Always give a frightened cat room to escape. She may actually need comfort and reassurance, especially if there was a loud, sudden sound. At the same time, however, she may want to be alone, which is why leaving an escape route is so important. A frightened, cornered cat may quickly turn aggressive. What did you do to make your cat so mad at you? Did you make fun of her? Step on her tail? Or did you take her spot on the couch? Knowing what you did wrong will help you decide how to approach your cat. It will also help you decide how to go about apologizing to him or her. Here are some examples of what you might have done to offend your cat and what you could do to show you're sorry:  If you offended your cat by making fun of her, you will probably have to offer some treats and praise. If you accidentally stepped on your cat's tail or startled her by dropping a pot, a simple cuddle may be all that is needed. If you took your cat's favorite spot on the couch, consider vacating the spot and giving your cat a treat. If your cat runs away from you, she may be still be angry, upset, or frightened. Do not chase after your cat. Instead, try again a few minutes later. This will reassure your cat that you won't do anything to further harm or annoy her. Having a cat treat ready may also reassure your cat. Tell her "I'm sorry." You may even use your cat's name....

TL;DR in Russian:

Выберите подходящее время для извинений. Выясните причину обиды. Приближайтесь к кошке медленно. Поговорите с кошкой. Нежно погладьте кошку там, где ей нравится. Поиграйте с кошкой. Уделите кошке немного времени. Хвалите кошку и делайте ей комплименты. При необходимости дайте кошке то, что она просит.


If your cat obsessively grooms, she will groom to the point of damaging her coat. Her barbed tongue breaks the hair shafts, causing her to swallow healthy hair that has been barbered and broken off in addition to the loose fur. Check your cat for bald patches. Typically affected areas include the tummy, the back of the hind legs, and the flanks. You should not be able to see the skin, so if these areas lack fur and you can see the skin, the cat is likely to be obsessive-compulsive about grooming. One of the reasons your cat may obsessively groom is due to fleas. This is because some cats are over sensitive to flea bites and have an allergic reaction to the presence of flea saliva. This creates an intense itch sensation on the skin, which triggers the grooming behavior. If you find fleas, apply an appropriate flea treatment (such as Frontline) as directed. These treatments often last for a month or more. You should apply to all pets in the house that can harbor fleas to prevent the resurgence of fleas after the treatment application. Some cats obsessively groom due to simple boredom. Try engaging your cat with more playtime than usual and some new toys. Anytime you notice your cat grooming for excessive periods of time, distract her from the behavior with playtime. Just like humans, cats can have allergies that lead to itchiness and therefore excessive grooming. Allergies can range from pollen allergies to food allergies. If your cat obsessively licks her back or abdomen, allergies have a higher chance of being the culprit. See your veterinarian and discuss the symptoms. Your veterinarian may place your cat on a monitored hypoallergenic diet to test for a food allergy. Follow your vet’s instructions to ensure that your cat maintains a well-balanced diet. Some cats over groom because of stress. Anything from stray cats in the yard to moving to the arrival of a new pet or baby can cause stress in your cat. Give your cat time to adjust, and try using a synthetic feline pheromones (such as Feliway), which can have...

TL;DR in Russian:

Наблюдайте за тем, как кошка умывается. Поищите блох. Купите новые игрушки и чаще играйте с кошкой. Пройдите обследование на аллергии. Учтите смену обстановки. Обратитесь к ветеринару.


If your cell phone battery gets unusually hot when not in use and you can think of no reason for it to do so, there might be tap software running in the background and causing your phone's battery to be in constant use. Of course, a hot battery could just be a sign that it has been overused. This is especially true if your cell phone is already older than one year, since cell batteries tend to decline over time. If the battery life of your phone suddenly drops without reason, prompting you to charge it twice as often, the battery might be dying because of tap software constantly running in the background and eating up power.  You also need to consider how often you have been using your phone. If you have used it a lot lately, the increased need for a good charge is probably just due to the fact that you have used more of its power. This is only applicable if you barely touch your phone or have not used it any more than normal. You can monitor the life of your smart phone's battery over time by using an app like  Battery LED. Also note that a cell battery will lose the ability to stay charged as it gets older. If this change happens after you have had your phone for a year or more, it could just be the result of an old, overused battery. If the shutdown process gets delayed or cannot be completed, this strange behavior could indicate that there is someone else controlling your phone through a tap.  Pay close attention to determine if your cell phone takes longer to shut down than usual or if the back light remains on even after you shut it down. While this could be a sign that your cell phone is tapped, it could also just mean that there was a glitch in the hardware or software of your phone that is completely unrelated to a tap. If your phone lights up, shuts down, starts up, or begins to install an app without you doing anything, there might be someone hacking into your phone and controlling it through a tap. On the other hand, any of this could happen if there is random interference during the transmission...

TL;DR in Russian:

Следите за температурой батарейки. Проследите за тем, как часто вам приходится заряжать телефон. Попробуйте выключить ваш телефон. Следите за странными действиями. Уделяйте внимание странным СМС-сообщениям. Внимательно следите за вашими месячными счетами.


If your cervix is "low," meaning just a few inches from your vaginal opening, that means you probably aren't ovulating. If it's "high," located deep within the vagina, you may be ovulating. The first few times you feel your cervix, it will be difficult to determine whether it's high or low. Keep feeling every day over the course of a month or two, noting the differences in the position of your cervix from week to week. Eventually you'll be able to tell whether your cervix is low or high. If your cervix is firm and tight, you probably aren't ovulating. If it's soft and has some give, you may be ovulating. The texture of the cervix during ovulation has been described as feeling like a pair of lips. During other periods, before and after ovulation, it's more like the tip of your nose - slightly hard with less give. During ovulation, the cervix will feel very wet with fluids, and you'll likely have an increased amount of vaginal discharge. After ovulation, the cervix will feel drier until menstruation occurs. In addition to feeling your cervix,  monitoring your cervical fluids and recording your basal temperature can help you figure out when you're ovulating. This combination of tracking methods is called fertility awareness, and done correctly, it's an effective way to determine when you are fertile. That said, it is not very effective if you want to prevent pregnancy.  Just before and during ovulation, your vaginal fluid will become heavy and slippery. When ovulation occurs, your basal temperature will rise slightly. It's necessary to take your temperature using a basal thermometer every morning so that you catch the rise in temperature.  Always use protection if you're looking to prevent pregnancy.

TL;DR in Russian:

Определите, высоко или низко находится шейка матки. Определите, мягкая или твердая шейка матки. Определите, влажная ли шейка. Используйте другие методы определения овуляции.


If your cervix is fully or almost fully dilated, you may be in labor. During a regular exam, your doctor might discover that your are actually in labor. This can happen without your water breaking. In this case, the doctor will likely recommend artificially breaking your water. This is completely normal, and can help get the contractions started.  You likely won't need to make a separate appointment for this procedure. If the doctor decides that they need to break your water, they will likely do it right away, or meet you at the hospital shortly. If your doctor recommends artificially breaking your water, you should ask questions to make sure you understand the procedure. Some good questions include:  Why do I need this procedure? Will this help my labor progress? Will it be painful? This might sound scary, but your doctor likely won't recommend the procedure if it won't benefit you. It's normal to be apprehensive, so talk to your doctor so that they can help ease any anxiety. They can explain that risks include higher odds of needing a cesarean section or having higher than average bleeding after the birth. The benefits typically outweigh the risks. The main benefit is that your labor can progress more quickly, which can be important if you or your baby are dealing with any health issues. The good news is that this procedure is generally no more uncomfortable than a regular vaginal exam. It's also very quick! However, it is completely normal to feel some anxiety. You can try some of these relaxation techniques:  Deep breathing Listening to soothing music Meditating

TL;DR in Russian:

Если у вас уже началась активная родовая деятельность, позвольте врачу вскрыть плодный пузырь. Расспросите врача о процедуре. Обсудите преимущества и риски, связанные с процедурой. Успокойте нервы приемами релаксации.


If your chest tightness comes along with heartburn, it is probably because of a gastrointestinal problem. Getting up and moving around, rather than lying down, can reduce this problem and the chest tightness it causes.  Try some light exercise, like going for a walk or taking some stairs. You can also take antacids for quick relief from acid reflux. Chest tightness caused by acid reflux can be alleviated by eating a modified diet, such as lowering your sodium intake. If your chest tightness is caused by heart problems, COPD, or other issues, your doctor may also make dietary recommendations, or suggest losing weight. Once your doctor figures out what's causing your chest tightness, they may recommend changing certain habits, like stopping smoking, to ease the problem. These may be used together with or instead of medication. Lifestyle changes that may reduce some types of chest tightness include:  Exercising regularly Trying relaxation methods, like meditation Eating a well-balanced diet Avoiding caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, and drugs

TL;DR in Russian:

Выполняйте упражнения, чтобы унять боли в груди, сопровождаемые кислотным рефлюксом. Внесите изменения в свой рацион питания. Узнайте у врача, какие еще изменения в образе жизни помогут унять сдавленность в груди.


If your child acts differently than they used to before the event, it may mean that something is wrong. Look for an increase in anxiety-related behaviors. It's common for children to start having difficulty with everyday life after experiencing a trauma. They may resist things like bedtime, attending school, or spending time with friends. Their performance in school might slip and they may experience behavioral regression. Take note of anything that's become a problem after a traumatic event. The child may feel lost without a person they trust, or a favorite object like a toy, blanket, or stuffed animal. A traumatized child may become extremely upset if this person or object is not with them, because they feel unsafe.   Children who have experienced a trauma may develop separation anxiety from parents or caregivers and fear being apart from them.  Some children withdraw and "disconnect" from family or friends instead, preferring to be alone. Children who have been traumatized may have difficulty falling or staying asleep, or resist bedtime. They may be afraid to sleep alone at night, with the light off or in their own room. They may have an increase in nightmares, night terrors, or bad dreams. The child may ask questions about if it will happen again, or ask about taking steps to prevent it (such as repeatedly asking people to drive safely after a car accident). Reassurance from adults is unlikely to soothe their fears.  Some children may obsess over preventing the event in the future, such as constantly checking the smoke alarm after a house fire. This may turn into Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Children might replay the event repeatedly in their art or play, like drawing the event over and over again, or repeatedly crashing toy cars into things. Adults were not able to protect them in the past, so they might reason "who can?" and decide that nobody can keep them safe. They may not believe adults who try to assure them.   If a child has been traumatized, they may have difficulty trusting others as a defense...

TL;DR in Russian:

Изменения в поведении. Привязанность к людям и предметам. Страх темного времени суток. Вопросы о вероятности повторения события. Низкий уровень доверия взрослым. Боязнь определенных мест. Чувство вины или стыда. Взаимодействия с другими детьми. Ребенка легко встревожить. Ребенок озвучивает свои страхи. Мысли о членовредительстве или  самоубийстве. Признаки беспокойства,  депрессии или бесстрашия.


If your child does not seem to be developing socially, this could be indicative of an underlying mental health disorder. If you have concerns about your child's social development, talk a child psychiatrist or therapist. You can ask your child's regular doctor for a referral or find a therapist through your insurance provider. If your child is not developing socially, this can be a sign that something is different. A variety of conditions, like genetic disabilities or autism, can cause your child to develop at a slower or uneven pace. Seek help from a pediatrician or child psychiatrist if your child seems to have difficulties in the following areas:  Between 19 and 24 months, your child may not interact with others. Your child may not smile when looking at you or give reaction. A child may also not engage in play or recognize pictures of familiar objects. These symptoms can indicate that your child may be autistic. With autism, as a child gets older, social development may continue to move slowly or at an uneven pace. A child may not engage in brief conversations, follow simple directions, listen to stories, make friends, initiate conversations, or express physical states. This means, your child may not say things like "I'm hungry" or "I'm hurt." You should make a point of talking to your child's teachers regularly. Make sure you ask the teacher about your child's social development. You also want to make sure your child is not getting bullied or harassed in school. Bullying can set a child back slightly in social development. Having a healthy relationship with your child's teacher can help you keep your eye out for issues like bullying.

TL;DR in Russian:

Обратитесь к психотерапевту, если потребуется. Научитесь узнавать задержки в развитии у детей. Поговорите с учителями ребенка.


If your child has a standard UTI (one that occurs in the lower urinary tract and bladder and is not recurrent) then he or she should take antibiotics to clear up the infection. The standard treatment is a four-day oral antibiotic course, though the course can sometimes last for longer than four days depending on the type of antibiotic prescribed. Commonly prescribed antibiotics include:  Trimethoprim. Sulfamethoxazole. Augmentin (a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate). Infants who are younger than one month old and are thought to have a UTI must be taken to the hospital immediately. UTIs can be dangerous for infants who are younger than one month old.  If you have an infant who is younger than two months old and is showing signs of a UTI combined with a fever, you should also take him/her to the hospital. There is a chance that the UTI is in the kidney rather than the bladder. While the UTI might be treated while the antibiotic is being taken, the UTI will more than likely come back as soon as your child stops taking the antibiotics. Therefore, routine use of antibiotics to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in children and adolescents is generally not recommended since outcomes are not significantly improved with this practice. The additional risk, of course, is that overuse of antibiotics will more rapidly lead to increasing numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

TL;DR in Russian:

Поговорите с вашим врачом о назначении ребенку антибиотиков. Отведите вашего ребенка в больницу, если вы думаете, что у него ИМП. Воздержитесь и не давайте ребенку антибиотики для лечения рецидивирующих ИМП.


If your child has been waking up in the middle of the night, it is important that you (and your partner) discuss a plan in advance for how you will handle these outbursts when they arise. Your thinking likely won't be at its sharpest in the middle of the night, so having a plan in place can diminish the stress you feel and also ensure that you respond consistently every time if and when your child has trouble sleeping through the night. When their child has trouble sleeping through the night, some parents resort to inviting the child to sleep in their bed. It can appear to be the only (or the easiest) way to soothe them and to help them fall back asleep. However, if you are looking to actually resolve the problem, inviting your child into your bed is not the solution. This will simply promote bad sleeping habits, as your child is actually being rewarded for waking up in the middle of the night. Inviting your child into your bed also fails to teach her the important life skill of learning how to put herself back to sleep, should she awake in the middle of the night. Another coping pattern that parents may resort to is rocking their child back to sleep. This is another counter-productive behavior, as it prevents your child from learning to fall asleep on his own. If your child cries in the middle of the night, ideally you would ignore her and allow her to self-soothe until she falls back to sleep. If you rush to get up at the sound of crying and immediately comfort your little one, you will be inadvertently reinforcing the negative sleep pattern by rewarding awakening in the night.  The exception is if your child is crying more than usual, has an unusual cry, or is currently ill, you may want to check to make sure your child is not uncomfortable or in pain, and does not have a dirty diaper. Even if you only respond to the crying once in awhile, the reinforcement effect is still just as strong (if not stronger). This is because "intermittent reinforcement" (a behavior that is rewarded with attention sometimes...

TL;DR in Russian:

Решите, как вы будете поступать, если ваш ребенок проснется ночью. Если ребенок проснется, не зовите его к себе в кровать. Не укачивайте ребенка. Не поощряйте плохое поведение, например, ночные истерики. Поставьте перед собой долгосрочную цель.


If your child has made a mistake, no matter how inconsequential it may seem, he or she needs to learn to admit that he did something wrong, and to apologize for it, as early as possible. Don't let your child get away with doing whatever he wants until he's four or five years old because it's easier than reasoning with him; start letting your child know that he's done something wrong as soon as he's old enough to feel shame.  Don't let your child blame his bad behavior on other children, on the weather, on an imaginary friend, or whatever it may be -- get your child into the habit of admitting that he did something wrong and that he has no one to blame but himself. Teaching your child accountability for his bad actions will make him more likely to recognize when he or she has done something wrong as an adult. Remember to be loving and accepting when your child admits he has made a mistake. Teaching accountability doesn't mean that you have to make the kid feel terrible. You don't have to physically hurt your child to show him that there are consequences for his bad behavior; in fact, you shouldn't. Form a system of punishments for your child's bad behavior, from making him standing in the corner to taking away his favorite toy, and make sure to complement it with a system of rewards for good behavior so that your child knows that his good deeds get recognized too.  Be consistent. Dole out the same sort of reward and punishment every time. You don't want your child to think that he can get away with bad behavior just because Mommy is tired; you also don't want him to think that being a good boy doesn't always matter, either.  Don't underestimate the power of telling your child that he's a good boy; this will help develop your child's self-worth and will help him recognize the value in others in the future.     Making your child see that there are consequences for bad behavior will make him less likely to contribute to a corrupt society, where bad behavior goes unchecked. Don't offer your child a reward or...

TL;DR in Russian:

Научите своего ребенка нести ответственность за любые поступки, будь-то хорошие или плохие. Создайте честную систему поощрений и наказаний. Приучите своего ребенка выполнять работу по дому. Научите своих детей быть ответственными за их младших братьев, сестер или сверстников.


If your child has never met the other parent or if the parent has been absent for a long time, be prepared for lots of questions. Your child will likely want to know who the parent is, where he is, and why he is not involved. Questions about an absent parent will most likely begin when your child starts school and begins learning more about classmates' families.  Answer basic questions about who the absent parent is, and consider sharing a photograph if you have one. Tell your child that all families are different and remind her about all the people who love her. Try using examples from books and movies, or from real life, to teach her about all different kinds of families Be upfront about the likelihood of your child ever meeting the other parent. If the other parent has no interest in being involved or you are not able to contact them, don't get your child's hopes up by promising an eventual meeting. Make sure you emphasize that this is not the child's fault in any way. Keep your personal feelings to yourself as much as possible. You can share more details about the circumstances of the other parent's absence as your child gets older, but try not to say negative things about the other parent. If the absence is predictable and regular, tell your child when the other parent is coming back by showing them a calendar and talking it over with them. Discuss regular travel as a family, so that it becomes a normal expectation within the family and all members can be prepared for the parent to miss occasional special events, such as sports games and celebratory occasions, and can prepare well in advance.  If business trips regularly occur with little warning, be sure to explain that as well so there will be no surprises. Help your child keep in touch with the absent parent by arranging phone calls or video chats. You can also encourage the parent who is away to bring the child back souvenirs from their travels. Be sure to give your child the opportunity to express her feelings and concerns, and offer her plenty of...

TL;DR in Russian:

Будьте честны в рассказе о родителе, который никогда не принимал участия в воспитании. Подготовьте ребенка к связанным с бизнесом отъездам заранее. Разъясните военные командировки в соответствии с разработанной сотрудниками командования легендой. Объясните внезапные отсутствия в соответствии с ситуацией и возрастом ребенка. Будьте честны, если родитель больше не вернется.


If your child is behaving badly or has done something you don’t want them to do, don’t simply say, “Stop that!” Instead, tell them what you would like them to do, and what the reward will be for engaging in this different behavior.  For example, if they have yelled at their younger sibling, say, “Remember that we have a rule about yelling. If you’re feeling upset by your sister, I would like to see you walk away from her instead of yelling. When I see you do this, I will take you to see that movie you’ve been asking to see.” You can also give the child a chance to tell you what is going on in their minds. For example, you could say, “What is your sister doing that is making you feel like you want to yell at her?” This will give them a chance to feel understood instead of just redirecting their behavior without acknowledging that they are upset. If your child is doing something that is against the rules, remind them of that rule, and the consequence for breaking it. Explain to them that if they continue with the rule-breaking behavior, that you will be forced to enact the consequence. At this point, you can give them a choice. Explain to them that they can either stop the behavior, not receive the consequence of that behavior, and do something else, or they can continue with the behavior and deal with the consequence of that behavior. Sometimes enforcing the consequences of rule-breaking can be a hassle. However, if the child has broken a rule it is important that you follow through with what you said, and that you do so in a timely manner. If you don’t, the child may learn that you don’t stick to the rules yourself, so why should they?  If for some reason, you can’t immediately enact the consequence, explain to the child that you will still follow through, but that it will have to be at a later time. Explain the reason for the delay so that they understand that they aren’t getting away with their bad behavior. Follow through on any rewards you promise your child as well. For example, if you promise to take...

TL;DR in Russian:

Расскажите ребенку о своих пожеланиях относительно его действий. Напомните ребенку о правилах. Не сходите с пути. Будьте последовательны.