Before you make the decision to go out looking for love, take some time to consider whether or not you are really ready. There are many reasons why you may not be ready to fall in love, but some of the most common ones include:  Recently got out of a relationship. If you have recently gotten out of a relationship and you are still working through feelings of loss, then looking for love might not be a good idea just yet. If you are not fully over your old relationship, then you may have a hard time entering into a new one. Give yourself more time if you need it. Not sure who you are or what you want. Knowing who you are and what you want out of life is essential to a healthy log-term relationship. If you are still not sure what you want your life to look like 5, 10, or 20 years from now, then you may want to take some time to figure that out. Spend some time getting to know yourself before you go looking for love.  You are dealing with depression or another serious mental health condition. If you are looking at falling in love as a way to overcome feelings of loneliness and depression, you may want to reconsider. When falling in love does not work out, it can cause feelings of emotional stress and depression. Therefore, you may not be able to handle a potential letdown if you are already depressed. If you think you are depressed or dealing with some other type of mental health problem, talk to a therapist and get yourself well. Physical attraction is not everything, but it is important that you look and feel your best in order to attract someone. Make sure that you are taking care of your basic needs, such as diet, exercise, sleep, and grooming, before you go looking for love.  Visit a salon or barber shop for a haircut if you haven’t had one in a while. Buy yourself some new clothes if yours are worn or outdated. Work on getting healthy by improving your diet and exercising more. Make sure that you are giving yourself enough time to rest and relax each day. It is common for people to become so wrapped up in a...

TL;DR in Russian:

Оцените свою готовность к отношениям. Следите за собой. Продолжайте выделять время для себя. Скажите о своих намерениях. Знайте, когда следует уйти.


Before you make your oil, sterilize the jars so that you don’t get any unwanted bacteria in your oil. Do this by using warm water and dish soap, followed by a bath in boiling water.  Start by removing the lids from your jars and washing the inside and outside of each jar and its lid in warm water. Use dish soap and rinse thoroughly. Once the jars and lids have been rinsed in warm water, transfer immediately to a boiling pot of water. Keep the lids off the jars. Make sure there is enough water to entirely submerge the open jars. Remove the jars and put them face-up on a clean baking sheet. Dip the tips of metal tongs into the boiling water for two to three minutes, then use the sterilized tongs to remove the jars. Allow the jars to cool before handling. If you are using cinnamon sticks, fit them vertically into the jar. Pack as many in as possible. For a quart-sized jar, you may want upward of a dozen cinnamon sticks.  If a stick is too long to fit in the jar, use a kitchen knife to gently saw the stick in half and pack both halves into the jar.  You may want to use new rubber or nitrile gloves while packing the jar in order to avoid transferring over any bacteria from your hands. Pour your carrier oil into the jar until all of the cinnamon sticks are completely immersed. If the jar allows, try to have at least half an inch of oil above the tops of the cinnamon sticks. Use a clean butter knife or chopstick to maneuver the cinnamon sticks if the oil is not flowing down to the bottom of the jar. If you are using ground cinnamon, you will cook it into the oil before placing it in the jar. Use about a quarter of a cup of ground cinnamon for every cup of your carrier oil.  Mix the two together in a sauce pan over a low-to-medium heat. Stir the oil and cinnamon until combined, then let simmer for three to five minutes before removing. Let cool for up to 10 minutes. Once the oil is cooked and cooled, place in sterilized glass jar and allow to steep. Tightly seal up the jars and place them in a warm, dry area such as...

TL;DR in Russian:

Стерилизуйте банку. Уложите в банку палочки корицы. Залейте корицу маслом. Подготовьте молотую корицу. Дайте маслу постоять. Процедите масло.


Before you make your own Moby wrap, go to a baby supply store and examine their stock of Moby wraps. This will give you an idea of the proper size, length, width, stretchiness and texture before you make your own. Once you have purchased 5 yards (4.6 m) of an appropriate material, in your favorite color or texture, take it home and spread it out flat on the floor or on another large surface. The easiest way to cut the material in a straight line is to fold the material in half, then mark several points along the crease with a piece of chalk.  Open the material out again and carefully cut along the chalk-marked line, using the fabric shears. It will be easier to cut if you ask someone else to hold the material taut as you work. Once cut, you should have two strips of material, each approximately 5 yards (4.6 m) long and 20 inches (50.8 cm) wide. Each of these long strips can be used to make a Moby wrap. Alternatively, you can ask one of the employees at the fabric supply store to cut the material in half for you before you bring it home. Once you have cut your fabric in half, your Moby wrap in half, it is ready to use. However, you can make the wrap look much neater and prevent the edges from fraying by sewing the edges.  Use pins to fold over the rough edges to the desired width, then iron these folded edges to make them easier to sew. Place the thread in the sewing machine and use an overlock or zigzag stitch to hem the edges. Brand-name Moby wraps have a tag in the center of the material so you can easily find the middle. This is helpful when you are tying the wrap around your body.  If you like, you can emulate this tag by sewing a small square of fabric (in a contrasting pattern/color and fabric) onto the center of the fabric, along the top edge. Using a patch of material made from a different fabric will help you to easily find the tag by feel alone.

TL;DR in Russian:

Осмотрите размеры и структуру ткани для слинга. Положите выбранный материал на пол. Разрежьте материал по длине пополам. Сшейте края слинга (по желанию). Добавить патч ткани в центр слинга (по желанию).


Before you meet with the person, take care of basic grooming: shower, comb your hair, brush/floss your teeth, apply deodorant, and put on fresh clothing. You might also chew mint gum and lightly spritz on perfume or cologne. When you look and smell your best, you feel great. As a result, you come off as more confident and likeable to others. A real smile conveys interest and excitement about the other person, so show your pearly whites when you greet them. Smiling when you see the person also makes you appear more attractive and likeable. How you hold your body can make you appear more confident and encourage others to approach you. Sit up straight, pull your shoulders back, and lift your chin. Uncross your arms and legs, make eye contact, and turn to face the person.   You might also power pose to seem more confident by placing your hands on your hips or folding your arms behind your head to form an inverted triangle. Whatever pose you choose, make sure it's relaxed, not forced. Forced body language looks awkward and makes people think that you're trying to put on a show. You may want to practice open, confident body language when you're alone. Remembering and using someone's name makes them feel special, so use it regularly in conversation. You can also show you like them (and ultimately make them like you) by following up on some tidbit of information you know about them.  For example, you might say, “Hey, Noah! How did that math test go?” if the last time you spoke they mentioned having to study. Resist the urge to cyber stalk them to learn their interests. If you start talking to them about an interest they haven't told you about, the situation could get awkward. They may also draw the conclusion that you have an unhealthy interest in them. You want to increase the odds of someone liking you by avoiding any awkwardness or discomfort. Recognize their personal space by standing at least an arm's length away when talking. Also, don't pry into their personal business or bring up sensitive topics.  Once...

TL;DR in Russian:

Соблюдайте правила личной гигиены. Улыбайтесь. Держите спину ровно и следите за тем, чтобы язык тела оставался открытым. Запомните имя человека и какую-нибудь информацию о нем. Уважайте чужие границы и личное пространство.


Before you meet with your lawyer, write down your account of what happened. Take careful note of what you think caused your emotional and physical symptoms. Also, make a list of symptoms you are experiencing. Because emotional distress suits have so many gray areas, it's a good idea to talk with a lawyer to test the strength of your case. Even if you have a good case, it might not be worth it to sue. You will have to decide whether you want to incur the fees, time and mental energy it will take to move forward with the lawsuit.

TL;DR in Russian:

Опишите то, что произошло. Наймите юриста, который займется вашим делом. Спросите у юриста, велика ли вероятность добиться возмещения ущерба.


Before you meet with your parents, do some research on your own about the current costs of either buying or upgrading to an iPhone. Be sure to find out what carrier your family uses and what your current plan is, and then go online to research the costs.  It may be possible that you can get the phone itself at very little cost, or perhaps even for free, depending upon your family's current plan and rewards program.  Even so, your parents may have to pay an additional $40 a month to add a new smartphone to a shared data plan, which will amount to almost $500 more a year. While the cost could be lower, the point is that you need to do your best to learn what the current costs are and how much of a financial burden the addition of an iPhone will add to your family's monthly expenses. You have been working hard to become more responsible with your time, money, and belongings: good for you! Hopefully, your parents have noticed, but now is the time to show them your evidence.  Gather copies of your recent report cards or graded exams and assignments. You may also want to collect your pay stubs and a copy of your current bank balance. Be sure to include a copy of your budget which includes the amount you'll be able to contribute to the phone. Place all of these documents in a folder, which will be part of your presentation to your parents. It's important that you choose the right time and place to have this conversation with your parents. You want to convince them of your seriousness, and you want to up your chances of getting a positive answer.  Instead of ambushing your parents at the end of a long workday, try the following: “Mom and Dad, I've been researching all of the advantages of having an iPhone, and I think I'm now mature and responsible enough to have one. I've prepared a proposal I'd like to go over with you. Can we talk about it sometime this weekend?” They may be wondering who this new, mature person is, which is a good sign for you!

TL;DR in Russian:

Перед разговором с родителями узнайте расходы на покупку iPhone. Докажите, что вы ответственный человек. Договоритесь о разговоре с родителями.


Before you move anything, it's good to consolidate all the little stuff that might get jostled, broken, or lost while you're moving furniture. Take the same things on your desk or dresser, like lamps, pens, and picture frames, and move them to another room in the house momentarily. To avoid them falling or adding more weight, gather them all in a large bin and take them out of your room. In some cases, especially if you've got a crowded room, it's better to take the furniture out and get the room empty, or close to empty, before refiling it in a new way. This will also give you the option of cleaning the floor more thoroughly, underneath your bed, dresser, and other areas that might not have been cleaned since whenever you last rearranged. Start by placing the biggest thing in your room, which will usually be your bed, but you might have a large dresser or desk that rivals your bed in size. If something else is in the way, move that a little out so you can move the other furniture in.  Once your first piece is in place, take the thing you just moved out of the way and move it to where you want it. If something else is there, do the same thing you did before and continue this until everything is in its place. Another way to organize is picking a corner of the room that's farthest from the entry door and building back toward the door from there. This will keep the entryway relatively uncluttered while you're rearranging stuff. Once you've got the biggest stuff in place, continue bringing in more stuff and filling in around, according to your new plan. Make sure you like each piece in it's new place before you build around it, so you don't have to start all over, if you don't like something. If you move your desk in and start loading up the drawers again, it would be annoying if you had to take it all out because you're unsatisfied with the desk, once you get the dresser in place. Don't decorate quite yet, get the big stuff in place first. Bring all the little things back into your room and put them where they...

TL;DR in Russian:

Уберите из комнаты все мелкие предметы. Вынесите мебель, если нужно. Найдите помощника для перестановки крупных предметов. Продолжайте двигать мебель согласно новому дизайну. Сосредоточьтесь на завершающих штрихах после того, как вся мебель будет на месте.


Before you move on to more involved methods, try taking a hiatus from wearing your Rainbow sandals, and just leave them to dry in the sun for a few days. If they are just beginning to smell, the ultraviolet rays and fresh air may be all they need. Even if it doesn’t totally solve the problem, it’s a good idea to make sure your sandals are totally dry before you try cleaning them. Highly concentrated alcohol can help eliminate unwanted odors. Wet a couple paper towels with rubbing alcohol (they should be damp, but not soaking wet), and drape them over the parts of your sandals that come into contact with your feet. Let them sit for a couple hours, or until the paper towels dry out. Like rubbing alcohol, this can help neutralize bad smells. Put a little bit of vodka in a spray bottle, and mist your sandals with it. Let them air dry in the sun for several hours. This substance is highly effective at absorbing all sorts of unwanted odors. Put your Rainbow sandals in a 1 gallon (3.8 L) ziplock bag, and pour in a half cup of baking soda. Seal the bag and shake it vigorously, coating the sandals thoroughly. Leave them in there for a couple days before you remove them. It may take a little effort, but you should be able to get all the baking soda off your shoes by banging them together and wiping them off with a clean rag.

TL;DR in Russian:

Оставьте сандалии на солнце. Используйте спирт. Распылите водку на поверхность сандалии. Используйте пищевую соду.


Before you name your business, you should have a handle on your niche. Define your goals in your business plan and mission statement. A software company might want to emphasize the quality and simplicity of its products (hence, Apple) while an accounting firm might want to emphasize its accuracy. You need an understanding of both what your prospective customers are like and what they're looking for when they come to you. If your target customers are wealthy, you might want to have a name that caters to their upscale tastes. If your target customers are working mothers who don't have time to clean house, you'll want to consider a name that either recognizes their busy schedules, their desire for cleanliness and order, or both. In one column, list the qualities you want to convey to your customers. What are you "about"? In another column, list things you think your customers are looking for. Use nouns, adjectives and verbs as possibilities.  Come up with a wide variety of words that are specific to your business. "Rover" might be good if you plan to open a dog-walking business while "persimmon" might be a great word for a Lebanese restaurant. Consult a dictionary to look up definitions of the words you choose and a thesaurus to find synonymous words or phrases. You can also use a software application designed to help you brainstorm. Trendy upscale restaurants will often have short, punchy names that emphasize simplicity and quality, like "Fig" or "Feast." Likewise, "Timberland" shoe specializes in work boots and their simple, earthbound name reflects their product nicely, whereas "Tom's" emphasizes its personal human touch. "Black Cyprus" or "North Face" are both evocative and versatile. One noun and one modifier allow for both simplicity and accuracy, as with the name "Urban Outfitters" or "American Apparel." Try a gerund verb phrase. A gerund is simply an "-ing" word. This tends to make your business sound active and fun, a place with a welcoming atmosphere: "Laughing Planet" is an organic burrito chain,...

TL;DR in Russian:

Создайте свой бренд. Определите целевую группу потребителей. Составьте список слов, отражающие свойства, которые вы хотите продать. Придумайте простое имя из одного слова. Придумайте несколько простых фраз, состоящих из существительного и прилагательного. Используйте собственное имя. Составьте новое слово. Поиграйте со словами.


Before you pack and leave for your automobile trip, buy a urination device to take with you. A disposable urinal is the best option because they are the easiest to use. If you have not used one before if might be a good idea to buy a few different types and bring them all with you. You can also just pee in a bottle.  There are a lot of urination devices on the market for both men and women.  If you do not want to spend money on a disposable device, you can use materials you might already have. A lot of men will use a milk jug, but milk jugs can be bulky and take up space in the car.  Gatorade bottles and Core water bottles have a wide mouth opening, so they are preferable for many women. Since the same hand(s) you will be using to urinate will be operating your automobile, bring something to clean up. Hand sanitizer, baby wipes, or paper towels pre-soaked in soapy water will all work fine.  You can find hand sanitizer and baby wipes at any big box store (like Walmart) or supermarket. If you do not want to invest much money, get the travel size. To pre-soak your paper towels: Take a dry paper towel and place it under running water until it is soaked. Pump one or two drops of liquid hand soap onto it and rub it in until you see the soap lather. Squeeze out any excess water, and fold it into your desired size. When you are ready to hit the road, make sure your urination device is accessible and ready to go in case you need it in the vehicle. Ideally, you won’t have to search for it. You can put it in your center console, the car door pocket, or your glove compartment. When you need to urinate, pull your car over to a safe place. The sides of the road, a freeway exit, or some other place away from traffic are all good options. For safety, do not pull your car over onto the side of a major freeway or highway. Do not use your urination device while you are driving. Grab your urination device from wherever you stashed it. Remove the lid if it has one. Tilt the device toward your body so the bottom is at a 45-degree...

TL;DR in Russian:

Возьмите с собой приспособление для справления нужды. Возьмите с собой какие-нибудь принадлежности, чтобы вытереть руки после того, как справите нужду. Разместите свои принадлежности для мочеиспускания где-нибудь под рукой в автомобиле. Остановите автомобиль. Справьте нужду в специальное приспособление. Затем вытрите руки с помощью средств гигиены, которые вы купили заранее. Можете ехать дальше.


Before you plan to go to temple, you should take a shower or bath. Anyone is allowed entry inside a temple, but since temples are spiritual places, it’s traditional to bathe before attending a temple. To prepare yourself mentally and spiritually, you may also wish to take several moments to pray and think about God or your personal spiritual beliefs. While it’s not necessary to wear traditional Indian clothing to a temple, both men and women should wear modest, conservative clothing to the temple. This will indicate respect for the sacred place, and will allow other attendees to focus on the temple gods and their own acts of worship, rather than being distracted by loud or inappropriate clothing.  Women should wear a long skirt or dress. It’s also appropriate for women to wear long pants. Wear something that is loose enough for you to comfortably sit cross-legged in.  Men should wear business-casual clothing, such as slacks and a button-down shirt.  Avoid wearing animal skin of any kind; this could be offensive to practicing Hindus. Deities can be offered various material things: flowers and fruit are common and affordable choices. You could also choose to offer cloth or sweets. Presenting your offerings to the temple deities is a form of respect. Hindus believe that offerings like these will please the Gods and may result in blessings and fulfilled prayers.  Commercial establishments generally set up makeshift shops in the surrounding area selling various things that you can offer the statues. It is not required to bring offerings; if you would rather not bring offerings for your first visit, you don’t have to.

TL;DR in Russian:

Вымойтесь перед посещением храма. Не всякая одежда подойдет для посещения храма. Принести в храм подношения.


Before you plant your roses, check the instructions of your particular rose type to determine when to plant them outside. Typically, the best time to grow roses is throughout the month of May. At the absolute latest, you should plant your roses in early June for best results. If you want to transplant your roses to a different container, make sure your pot has a diameter of at least 16 in (41 cm) so it can house your roses as they grow. If you have a larger rose bush, go with a larger pot so the roots have adequate room to take into the soil. You can purchase large pots at most home supply and garden stores. When transplanting roses, it is helpful to dig a wide hole so you can easily place the roots in the soil. Line the tip of your shovel up to your soil, and press on the side of your shovel with your foot with moderate force. This gets the shovel deep into the soil so you can scoop out a lot of dirt. Dig away your soil until your hole is roughly 15–18 in (38–46 cm) wide. This does not have to be an exact measurement. You can eyeball the size of your hole, based off of the size of your rose bush. For instance, if you have a smaller bush, dig your hole slightly smaller. Whether you are putting them in the dirt or transplanting them to another container, always use well-drained soil with your roses. Use a garden tool to scoop out some soil, and line the base of your hole.  You can purchase potting soil for roses at home supply and garden stores. If your soil does not drain properly, your roses may develop fungal diseases. Find a bucket, and fill it up ⅓ of the way with your potting soil. Then, fill another ⅓ with compost (either store bought or from your compost bin). Fill your bucket the last ⅓ of the way full with bagged manure. Then, mix it all together with your garden tool. Use this mixture to fill the rest of your hole. Add soil until either your hole or container is full to the top. Purchase a fertilizer formulated specifically for roses from a nursery or garden center. Read the directions carefully to...

TL;DR in Russian:

Постарайтесь посадить розы в мае или в начале июня (в зависимости от потребностей конкретного сорта). Купите высокие горшки диаметром 40–60 см, если собираетесь высаживать розы в контейнеры. Подготовьте лунки диаметром 40–45 см, если собираетесь высаживать розы в открытый грунт. Насыпьте на дно слой хорошо дренируемого грунта для роз толщиной около 2,5 см. Смешайте равные части грунта для роз, компоста и навоза и насыпьте смесь в лунку или горшок с размещенным там саженцем розы. Воспользуйтесь специальным удобрением для роз строго по прилагаемой к нему инструкции. Насыпьте поверх почвы слой мульчи. Обильно полейте розы сразу после посадки.


Before you post anything online, take a few minutes to consider if it’s something you would say in person or to someone’s face. If it’s not something you would share, then avoid posting it on your profile since it could come across as negative or offensive to other people who see it.  Try writing out angry or negative posts in a different document rather than on social media sites. That way, you can come back to them later and determine if it’s something you really need to post. Talk directly to people rather than posting an angry or offensive status about them. That way, you can work through the problem privately so you don’t post anything publicly. It may seem funny to post an unflattering picture of a friend and tagging them in it, but it could hurt their feelings if it appears on their profile. Talk to the person directly before posting anything to make sure it’s okay with them. Send them the picture you want to post so they know what to expect. If they ask you not to post it, respect their decision and don’t share it.  Tagged photos usually show up prominently on someone’s social media account, so other people could see the photo and judge the person you tagged for it. Think about if you would want your friend to post a picture of you in a similar situation. If you wouldn’t want the picture of you posted online, then chances are your friend wouldn’t want the photo posted either. Oversharing can be writing posts with private information or just posting too many things throughout the day. Think about if you want the information you’re sharing online to be publicly available before you post it.  Social media sites like Twitter are more acceptable for posting multiple times throughout the day as opposed to sites like Facebook or Linkedin. Never post personal information like addresses, phone numbers, or passwords online since you could get hacked or scammed. Using capital letters online usually comes across like you’re yelling at the people reading your posts. When you write your posts, only use capital...

TL;DR in Russian:

Не пишите негативных или оскорбительных вещей в социальных сетях. Не размещайте фотографии и не отмечайте на них других людей без их согласия. Не разглашайте избыток личной информации в своих аккаунтах в социальных сетях. Оформляйте посты строчными, а не прописными буквами. Не отправляйте людям непрошенные сообщения или фотографии.


Before you proceed with the organization of your shed, wait until a dry day and drag everything outside.  Check the shed's structure carefully for any signs of damage and water entry.     Examine the contents you took outside carefully for any signs of water damage, as this may indicate a leak you can’t see.     Check for any pest attack, such as moth damage to any fabric stored in the shed.     Make sure that all chemicals are sealed, the containers are undamaged, and the labels are still legible. Repair any structural damage to the shed and give it a sweep out before you put everything back inside.     If it begins raining while your shed's contents are outdoors, throw a tarpaulin over the contents.     Also, remember that chemicals should never be left in hot or direct sunlight, and mustn’t be allowed to leak into the ground or water.    Garden tools tend to come in all shapes and sizes, and so does the rest of the contents of many peoples’ sheds. Bundle some Velcro wrap around collections of garden canes or longer hand tools such as hoes and spades. This will hold them together.     Use tall boxes to store long tools that you rarely use.

TL;DR in Russian:

Опустошите свой сарай, чтобы проверить ущерб, причиненный его структуре и содержимому. Наведите порядок в инструментах.


Before you pull out the keyboard and start typing in URLs, do some research on products, prices, and availability. There are two types of gold that are commonly traded: bullion and coins.  Gold bullion can be in the form of coin, or those bars you picture when you think of Ft. Knox (most often "London Good Delivery" specification). Bullion is pure gold, and is priced only by the amount of gold involved. Gold bars are recommended more for “big league” investors or collectors. Investing in this type of gold is more effective, except for the purpose of selling. Because bars cannot be subdivided, options for buyers are limited. Gold coins—or numismatic gold—are more collectible, have a lower threshold for entry into the investment market, and are easier to cash in. Because they can be collectible—and often mixed with other metals—their price can fluctuate more than the price of bullion. Determine before you talk to a sales associate just how much money you can comfortably afford to spend on gold. Without fiscal parameters, you could easily spend more than you had intended. There are websites that post daily gold prices and provide periodic price updates throughout the day. Some sites list gold prices in several currencies, including the Euro, Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc and the Indian Rupee. The better dealers will also include market research and analysis articles on their sites.  A fair price will always reflect the current nominal value of gold. What is called "fair market value" will reflect the nominal value as well as the present supply of and demand for gold. Most gold bullion will have a small markup above  the spot price (the instantaneous market price). A smaller purchase will entail a larger markup in terms of percentage compared to a larger purchase. Gold coins will be priced significantly further above spot price than will bullion.  This is because coins tend to be more collectible and have a higher secondary-market demand. Expect to pay a premium for that. The rarer the coin, the higher the premium....

TL;DR in Russian:

Решите, что вы хотите купить. Установите лимит. Ознакомьтесь с рыночной золота.


Before you purchase any goats, it's a good idea to think long and hard about why you want them.  Do you want them for milk? For meat or fiber? Or do you just think they'd make a cute pet? The motivation behind your decision to raise goats will influence what breed of goat you will buy and how you'll raise them. Keeping goats is a big commitment - you'll need to feed them everyday, pay for their food and veterinary bills, and ensure that they are healthy and happy - so make sure that you are prepared to take this responsibility on board. Take the time to read a few books or talk to someone who knows about goats so you have all the details before you jump in head first. As mentioned above, the type of goats you choose will be influenced by whether you want them for milk, meat or fiber. You will also need to consider the goats' size, temperament and care requirements. Some of the most popular breeds are as follows:   Dairy Goats: Alpine, La Mancha, Nubian, Oberhasli, Saanen and Sable, and Toggenburg.  Meat Goats: Boer, Kiko, Spanish, Savannah, Texmaster, Genemaster and Moneymaker.  Fiber Goats: Angora (which produce Mohair), Cashmere, Pygora and Nigora.  Pet Goats: Miniature goat breeds like Nigerian Dwarfs, Pygmy Goats and Kinder tend to make the best pets. Ideally, you should have a large outdoor area where your goats can range, browse and get the exercise they need to stay healthy. The goats will also need an indoor space for rest and shelter.  The general rule of thumb is to provide 10 to 15 feet (3.0 to 4.6 m) of space for every standard size adult goat. Miniature breeds will require slightly less space.  It's important not to overcrowd your goats or keep them in confined spaces. This will cause them to become stressed and unhealthy, and may contribute to the spread of disease. If you decide to go ahead and start your herd of goats, it's important to know what to look for. You don't want to buy a sick or unhealthy goat that doesn't meet your needs.  Look for bright-eyed and alert goats which move around...

TL;DR in Russian:

Подумайте о том, зачем вы хотите выращивать коз. Выберите породу на основании ваших потребностей. Учтите имеющееся у вас пространство. Выберите лучших коз, выглядящих самыми здоровыми. Предпочтите самок племенным или кастрированным козлам. Учтите возраст коз. Поймите, что козы – стадные животные.


Before you pursue any formal education, do enough research to know what you can expect from this career field. Check into your expected duties, work environment, expected pay, and job outlook.  Most sports announcers are either play-by-play announcers, talk show hosts, or sports anchors. Your duties may require you to announce plays, provide commentary, and interview guests. You must have thorough knowledge of the rules, terminology, and history of various sports. Most announcers work in radio and television studios. Some may stay in studio, but many must travel to game sites. You could also be a part-time or self-employed announcer. Expect to work long hours since you may need to be at work before, during, and after games. The median annual wage for announcers as of May 2012 was $28,020, and the job outlook is expected to remain competitive through 2022. If you're reading this while in junior high or high school, you can start preparing now. Look for extracurricular courses dealing with computers, public speaking, communications, English, and foreign language. On an informal level, start familiarizing yourself with sports terminology and history. You should also watch and listen to popular, professional sports announcers. Observe their style and skills; take notes, so that you have a document to reference as you develop your own announcing style. While not strictly necessary, this is a fairly competitive career field, and having a four-year Bachelor of Arts will greatly improve your odds of finding work as a sports announcer.  Get your degree in an applicable field. Journalism, Mass Communication, and Broadcasting are your best bets. If possible, look for a program that allows you to concentrate in broadcast journalism or sports communication. Through the program, you can expect to learn about audio production, mass media, broadcast journalism, media writing, and communication law.  Aside from the broadcasting skills you'll learn through your major, you should also study ethics, sports business, sports...

TL;DR in Russian:

Исследуйте сферу. Начните обучение как можно раньше. Получите высшее образование.


Before you put anything on your page, stop a minute and think about what you want to get out of your page. Good, popular, Instagram pages usually have a common unifying theme that attracts a lot of followers. If you want to have a good page, think about what you want that theme to be before you start loading pictures onto it. What do you like to take pictures of? What do you enjoy? What do others enjoy?  Popular theme pages for Instagram include yoga, cooking, inspirational quotes, restaurants or bars, humor, fashion and pet pictures. Unless you're Kim Kardashian, who is already super-famous, you're not going to attract thousands of followers by posting selfies. Consider making a tribute page. If you love comic books, pro wrestling, or a particular fictional figure or athlete, it's sometimes common to start a tribute page to you favorites. Instead of posting your own pictures, post pictures of your particular tribute subject from around the web instead. The first and easiest way to start designing your Instagram page is to pick a catchy username and profile pic for yourself. A lot of this will depend on what you've chosen as your theme for your page, so you want to pick something that will reflect the theme and a picture that will match. Fill in the bio as well with something short and sweet. If you're taking pictures of your food and your cat Mortimer, make your handle MortimerBakes, include a picture of him peering over a pile of muffins, and have your bio read: "My tabby and our gluten-free adventures." Instagram allows you a variety of editing options, depending on what version you have and what kind of camera you have. It's always important to spend a little bit of time tweaking your pictures to make sure they're visually appealing and the best representation of your page.  Crop pictures to emphasize their symmetry and the most important parts of the picture. Leave out the borders and the other silly stuff. Sample the different pre-set filters to find out which makes your picture look best. If it looks...

TL;DR in Russian:

Выберите тему своей страницы. Выберите удачное имя пользователя и фотографию профиля. Редактируйте фото перед публикацией. Не перегружайте снимки. Делайте много разных кадров. Планируйте время публикаций. Обновите фотокамеру.


Before you put in the new seal, remove all grime and mold from the attachment area using a damp cloth. Unless your seal came "pre-lubricated," you can rub the lip with a little dishwashing liquid to make it easier to fit on. If the seal is not lubricated, you have the option of attaching it more firmly using a specialized adhesive for rubber door seals. This is usually not necessary, unless the seal needs to be glued to a drain hose. Fit the door seal on, working the inner lip over the drum. Make sure to line the seal up so the drain holes are at the bottom, near where the previous seal's drain holes were. There will often be a mark, such as a triangle, on both the door seal and the machine. Line these up when attaching the seal. Fold the new door seal in to the drum again. Hook the spring or band back together, then pull it on over the seal. Tighten it again using a screwdriver or wrench. If you have removed the counterweight or front panel, replace them first. Next, pull out the door seal again and hook the outer lip over the outer groove. If there was an outer retaining band, fit this over the outer lip and press tightly to reattach it. Screw back on the front panel, door, lid, or any other parts you had to remove to get at the door seal. Plug in the washing machine. Consider running the washing machine on empty while supervised, to check for leaks. If the door leaks, you'll need to disassemble it and check that all parts are firmly attached.

TL;DR in Russian:

Протрите открытый участок влажной тряпкой. Использование смазки или герметика. Расположите новое уплотнение на барабане. Установите на место внутреннюю пружину или хомут. Наденьте наружный бортик на внешнее кольцо. Установите на место остальные детали.


Before you put on glitter polish, track down an old, empty bottle of nail polish. Fill the bottle with nail polish remover and swirl it around, and then rinse it out thoroughly with hot water until it’s clean.

TL;DR in Russian:

Вымойте флакончик из-под использованного лака для ногтей.


Before you put your cat on a diet, it’s important to determine whether or not your cat really needs to lose weight. A body condition score consists of a scale from one to five—with five being obese and one being emaciated. An ideal score is three. Rate your cat on the scale according to the following standards:  Score 1: Ribs, spine, and pelvis stick out and can be seen even at a distance. The cat has no body fat and looks starved and bony. Score 2: Ribs, spine, and pelvis can be easily felt. Viewed from above, the cat has a distinct waist. Viewed from the side, the belly is tucked up. The cat looks thin. Score 3: Ribs and spine can be felt but not seen. The cat has a slight waist when viewed from above, and a level (but not saggy) tummy from the side. Ideal. Score 4: Ribs and spine difficult to locate. Pear-shaped tummy from above and sagging down from the side. Can be described as chunky or stout. Score 5: Bony landmarks obscured by fat. Thick cover of fat over chest and tummy. Oval silhouette. Obese. If your cat’s body condition rates as a four or five, then see your veterinarian for more guidance. Your veterinarian will have tools to determine the target weight for your cat based on your cat’s exact size, using a series of measurements such as the length of your cat’s head, width of head, backbone length, radius of the wrist, and girth measurement. The visit to the vet is equally important because your vet will perform a physical exam of your cat to ensure that simple overeating is the cause of your cat’s weight problem and not a more serious medical condition. Several methods are available to help your cat lose weight. When your veterinarian sets a target weight for your cat, discuss the various options available. Your vet will likely recommend a combination of options that may include restricting your cat’s caloric intake, putting your cat on a metabolic diet, and/or making changes to the cat’s lifestyle. Regardless of the strategy you and your vet determine is best for your cat, prepare for a long-term...

TL;DR in Russian:

Оцените состояние тела кошки. Посетите ветеринара. Обсудите с ветеринаром дальнейшие действия.


Before you put your pipes together, first make sure that the pipes give you the notes you want. You should have a diatonic scale by using the measurements provided, but you should still check it to make sure it sounds right. If you want your pan pipes set in a specific key, for instance, the key of G, use a piano or music tuner to find the lengths that you want.  For example, if you want your pan pipes in the key of G, play a G on a piano, tuner or another instrument. Cover the bottom hole of the pipe with your thumb so it's completely covered. Then place your bottom lip on the rim of the pipe, purse your lips and blow across the pipe. If the note does not match the G, cut off a tiny bit of pipe and try again. Keep doing this until you match the G. Then do the same on another pipe to make an A, etc. until you have all your desired notes. You can add more pipes if you want, or take off some pipes. There aren't a set number of pipes used in pan pipes. Many pan pipes have either 5 or 8 pipes, but the number of pipes in your instrument is completely up to you. Romanian pan pipes even have twenty pipes! When you are ready to attach the pipes together, lay them out longest to shortest. Make sure that all the plugged ends of the pipes are all on the same side. Line the pipes up so that the top ends of the pipes are all in line with each other, and the plugged ends are staggered in a diagonal. You need to attach the pipes to each other so they can stay together as a unit.  For straw pan pipes, simply wrap tape around all of the pipes several times. To keep the pipes straight, place a chopstick or popsicle stick across the middle of the pipes, and super glue it down.  For PVC or bamboo pipes, you will need to use a stronger material to reinforce the pipes. Use duct tape and a lightweight wooden rod to reinforce the pipes. You can also use twine for a more attractive finished product. Criss-cross the twine across each pipe and the piece of wood to bind the wooden rod to the pipes.  Super glue around the reinforcements...

TL;DR in Russian:

Проверьте звучание. Скорректируйте количество трубок по своему усмотрению. Выложите трубки в правильном порядке. Скрепите трубки. Отшлифуйте пан-флейту.


Before you quit using, meet with your Primary Care Doctor (PCP) to see if you can stop using without medical help. Your body is used to functioning with the alcohol or drugs and stopping on your own can cause severe complications. Ask your doctor how long it will take for you to get the alcohol or drugs out of your system. Typically it takes several days. If your doctor says it’s OK to taper on your own, ask a friend to help you during this process. Your friend can watch out for you and help you get to the doctor if tapering on your own doesn’t go well. Make sure this person is someone you trust and supportive of your decision to stop using. Stopping cold turkey or all at once can bring on severe withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal may be less severe if you taper down slowly each day. Talk to your doctor about which plan is safe for you.  Withdrawal is more than just a bad hangover. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, shaking, headaches, heart palpitations, insomnia, paranoia, and delusions. Withdrawal can be life-threatening. An example of a slow taper from alcohol is decreasing one beer a day (from twelve to eleven, then eleven to ten). An example of a slow taper for hydrocodone is going from the usual 80 mg a day down to 70 mg the next week, and so on.  Cold turkey is going from your usual amount of alcohol or drug to 0. If you’re stopping cold turkey, rid your house of all alcohol or drugs. Clear your schedule so you can just focus on tapering. You may not feel well enough to go to work or handle any responsibilities the first few days of your taper. Drink a lot of water during your taper to help rid your body of toxins and reduce headaches. Ginger ale and sparkling water are easier on the digestive system. They are good alternatives to water if you’re feeling nauseous. Drink often throughout your taper. Pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, and ice packs applied to your head can also help with headaches. You’ll probably feel nauseous during your taper. Simple carbohydrates like crackers, rice and...

TL;DR in Russian:

Узнайте у врача, сможете ли вы сами безопасно избавиться от зависимости. Обратитесь за помощью к другу. Решите, как именно вы хотите избавиться от зависимости. Выберите день и приступите к своему плану. Пейте больше жидкости. Ешьте пищу, которая легко усваивается. Занимайтесь тем, что помогает вам расслабиться. Если вам не удастся самостоятельно отказаться от алкоголя или наркотиков, обратитесь за медицинской помощью.


Before you read the article, scan it to get an idea of what’s contained in the article and how it’s structured. Look for section headings or subheadings. Additionally, try to find the thesis, main points, and conclusions.  Highlight or underline the thesis, research question, or purpose. Mark the supporting points. Highlight the section headings. Note the method of study, if there is one. Highlight the findings, conclusions, or results. Go slowly as you read the article so you can absorb the information. If you have any questions, stop and write them down in the margins. On your second reading, try to find the answers to your questions to deepen your understanding. Finally, read the article a third time so you can write notes and summaries.  If possible, read it aloud to help you process the information. Reading the article several times will help you get a better understanding of the ideas. It’s difficult to fully understand an article on a first reading. in your own words. Think about what the passage is saying or what you think the author means. Then, write out your thoughts and interpretation of the text in the margins of the article. Make sure you use your own words. Don’t just rearrange the words in the text or paraphrase the article. It’s okay to write short phrases and fragments rather than full sentences. Read each section of the article, then stop and think about what the author is saying. Identify the main point and the supporting points for that section. Summarize the points in 1 sentence. Write your short summary in the margins near the section. You might write, “Lopez asserts that homework helps students retain more knowledge based on exam scores and self-reporting.”

TL;DR in Russian:

Просмотрите статью, чтобы выявить главные пункты. Прочитайте статью 2-3 раза, чтобы понять.  Делайте записи на полях Напишите резюме каждой части статьи одним предложением.


Before you read, read all titles, chapter and section headings, subheadings, and any charts, graphs, diagrams, questions, and summaries you can find. If you are reading a text without these things, you might consider reading the first and last sentence of every paragraph or chapter to get an idea of the material the text is covering. Write down any questions you hope your reading will answer. You will comprehend more if you go into the text knowing what you want to learn. If you are not sure what you want to learn, go through and turn every chapter heading, section title, etc. into a question. Try to guess what the text will teach you: ask yourself the question you think the text might answer. If you like, add further questions while you read. Review your questions, then read the text. You may skim or scan, or you may just read at your current fastest pace.  Depending on the length of the text, you may choose to read it all, or you may choose to read it in sections. For maximum comprehension, pause at the end of every section and think about what you have read. Answer the question if you can. For maximum speed, answer the questions once you have read the entire text. Now that you've read, you should be able to answer the questions you asked yourself. Answer all the questions you have read. You do not have to write them down (unless that is your assignment), just recite them aloud.  If you are pausing after each section, make sure you can recite the answer to that section before you move on to the next. If you cannot, go back and skim it again. If you feel you made an error in the framing of one of your questions, reframe it so that you can answer it. The final "R" in SQR3 is "review," which will help you retain the information you have comprehended. Go back over the questions you have answered and see if you can still answer them from memory. If you cannot, skim the section again until you can.

TL;DR in Russian:

Исследуйте текст. Напишите вопросы. Прочтите текст или бегло просмотрите его. Повторите вопросы. Проверьте, насколько хорошо вы усвоили прочитанное.


Before you remove rust, make sure that the knife is free of dirt and oils. You can just hold your knife under some warm running water to clean it. Work slowly and be patient – if you rush the job, or scrub too vigorously, you risk damaging your knife.  Use regular water to clean away any dirt or stains. Be sure to wipe away all traces of fingerprints, as the natural salts present in human skin can cause a blade to rust. Avoid getting water into the gaps between the handle and blade, where it may create new rust spots that are difficult to reach. Thoroughly dry your knife with a soft, clean rag after you finish cleaning it. White vinegar contains acetic acid, which will often dissolve rust. Dampen a rag with white vinegar and apply it directly to the rust spots, or soak the blade in a shallow bowl of white vinegar for tougher stains. Once the rust has dissolved, rinse the blade thoroughly with water to remove the vinegar. Then, dry off the knife with a clean, dry cloth. Lemon juice can dissolve rust stains on metal surfaces, but it may work even better when you use it with some salt or baking soda. Try using a mixture of lemon juice and salt or baking soda to remove rust stains from your knife blade.  Sprinkle baking soda or salt onto the rust spots, then wipe the blade with a clean rag soaked in lemon juice. Rinse away the lemon juice with warm water after a minute or two and then dry it with a clean cloth. Be careful not to leave lemon juice on your blade for more than a few minutes, because it can damage the metal. Baking soda can remove rust stains, although you may need to repeat the process several times. Baking soda is used in cooking and for many house cleaning chores – you may already have some in your kitchen.  Make a thick paste by mixing baking soda with water. Put about a quarter (1/4) cup of baking soda in a glass bowl, and add a small amount of water to create a paste. Continue to add water in small increments, until you have a paste that is thick enough to stick to the surface of the blade....

TL;DR in Russian:

Промойте нож водой. Замочите лезвие в столовом уксусе. Нанесите на лезвие соль или питьевую соду в смеси с лимонным соком. Используйте питьевую соду. Воткните нож в картофелину. Смешайте столовый уксус и средство для мытья посуды.


Before you rush off to confront the man who hurt you, ponder the situation and your feelings about it. Has something like this happened before? Could you be over-reacting? Spend some time reflecting on the situation and your feelings.  This may work better through a journaling or free-writing exercise. Set a timer for 10 minutes and write down everything that comes to mind about the situation. Although it’s smart to delay until you get your emotions under control, don’t wait too long, so that the other person doesn’t forget the offending situation.  Regular journaling can help detect problematic patterns in your relationship. Take some time to think about the man’s point of view and why he may have done what he did. Sometimes people may hurt you on purpose and other times it’s purely an accident. People may also be affected by other stressful things going on in their lives, so take a moment to think about anything relevant the man is dealing with. Considering his point of view doesn’t excuse his behavior. It may simply help you understand the situation more fully. If you are hurting right now, take the time to address the hurt first. If you do this, you will come off as calm and clear-headed during the interaction. So, practice self-care. This may involve taking a relaxing bath, eating nourishing foods, writing in your journal, spending time with friends, or just vegging out on your sofa for an evening. Once you’ve gotten some distance from the hurtful experience, seek the input of a few trusted friends or loved ones. Tell this individuals about what happened. Then, get their feedback.  How do they view the situation? Would they react similarly? They may be able to help you confirm that you were mistreated or see the situation in a new light. Get the opinion of people who aren't strongly biased for or against the person who hurt you. Think about how this person will react when you tell him he hurt you. You might use previous situations to determine what’s most likely to happen.  For example, does he generally...

TL;DR in Russian:

Выделите время, чтобы проанализировать свои чувства. Поразмышляйте над его точкой зрения. Позаботьтесь о своих эмоциональных потребностях. Узнайте второе (и третье) мнение. Будьте разумны в ожидании реакции человека на ваши слова. Определите, стоит ли это усилий.


Before you rush to judgement, take a moment to reflect on your own feelings. Maybe you have a sense that the new woman in your yoga class is unfriendly. But are you actually projecting?  Think about your own state of mind. Are you frustrated because you had a bad evaluation at work? You might be letting your bad mood color your perception. Does your new co-worker seem like a know-it-all? Take a moment to think about your own role at the company. Are you actually just nervous that you won't receive a much-wanted promotion? Your own emotions definitely impact how you view the world. And that includes how you judge character. Make sure to keep that in mind. When you are judging someone's character, it is important to keep an open mind. That means thinking about your own biases. And it means that you need to be a good listener.  Maybe you've always assumed that your upstairs neighbor is just rude and cranky. If you actually have a conversation with her, you might discover that she's upset because she is coping with the loss of a loved one. Limit distractions. Maybe you've always found your brother-in-law annoying. Instead of texting your friends about your dislike, put down your phone. Take time to actually listen to others without distractions like phones or televisions. You might discover that there are some parts of their personality that really appeal to you. When you are keeping an open mind, try to avoid focusing on negative personality traits. Instead, make an effort to concentrate on the positives. Shifting your focus might help you arrive at a more positive judgement.  For example, maybe you have always noticed how impatient your co-worker is. But have you taken the time to notice that she is always willing to help someone who is struggling to meet a deadline? You can also avoid anticipating negative outcomes. Maybe you've never had a positive interaction with your landlord. Keep an open mind and allow your next encounter to be more positive. Keeping an open mind means that you are comfortable with...

TL;DR in Russian:

Учитывайте собственные эмоции. Учитесь слушать. Замечайте положительные моменты. Принимайте различия.


Before you season a non-stick pan, it's a good idea to deep clean it to take off any stains or food particles that can be partially responsible for the pan's stickiness. Begin by adding 1 cup (236.59 ml) water, 2 tablespoons (29.57 ml) baking soda and ½ cup (118.3 ml) of white vinegar to the pan. Place the non-stick pan onto the stovetop over medium heat. Heat the pan until the vinegar mixture is boiling, about ten minutes, then take the pan off the heat. After you take the pan off the stove, pour out the vinegar mixture into the sink. Then wash the pan as usual with gentle dish soap, being sure not to use steel wool or other abrasive tools that can scratch the non-stick pan further. After washing out the pan, dry it with a soft dry cloth. It's important to have a completely dry pan before you season it with oil so that the oil can stick to the surface of the pan.

TL;DR in Russian:

Добавьте в сковороду воду, пищевую соду и уксус. Нагревайте смесь на среднем огне, пока она не закипит. Помойте сковороду. Высушите сковороду.


Before you send your album through the necessary channels, you need to make sure that it is polished and presentable. Create album artwork for it, edit all the song titles, and add a description if necessary.  Selling your music on iTunes can be fairly simple even for amateur artists, but you will have a great deal of competition to deal with, and your odds of having success will improve vastly if you make sure that your songs are in top condition. If you have no experience with mastering and do not know how to polish the music up to commercial standards by yourself, hire an engineer or specialist to do it for you. Convert the files to WAV, set at a 44.1 kHz sample rate and 16 bit sample size. You can convert your audio files in iTunes by importing them to the library using the WAV encoder, set to custom settings. You also need cover artwork and complete track credits to submit before an online service will help you add your music to the iTunes store.  You must have rights to the artwork. Aim to make the cover image a JPG file set to 1,000 by 1,000 pixels. Before you can sell your album, it needs to have a UPC code.  Fortunately, obtaining one is pretty easy. You can obtain one by registering directly with the Uniform Code Council, or you can ask a CD manufacturer or distributor if they offer the service. The latter may prove to be a cheaper option. You can also get a UPC online through various online distributors like CD Baby or DiscMakers, and these tend to be even cheaper options. Working with Apple directly usually requires you to have a professional label backing you, or at least enough experience to prove that you are a professional. Even if you do not qualify to work with Apple directly, though, you can still work through a third party. If you weren't able to get through the previous step yourself, get in touch with an aggregator, or a third-party distributing service that allows you to finish and distribute your music for a small fee. Check the Apple iTunes application page for a list of approved...

TL;DR in Russian:

Убедитесь в качественном сведении вашей музыки. Убедитесь в корректности музыкального формата. Сделайте финальные штрихи. Получите UPC код. Ознакомьтесь с условиями Apple. Прибегните к услугам агрегаторов, одобренных Apple.


Before you set a budget and start preparing for your wedding, you and your partner will need to sit down and look at your income, savings (if you have any), and expenses. Start by writing down how much money you both make each month, then subtract your combined monthly expenses to figure out how much you will have left over.  Try to figure out how much you can realistically save between now and when you plan to have your wedding. Then, decide how much of that money you are willing to spend on the wedding as opposed to other expenses. Make sure to take all your expenses into account. This could include things like rent, groceries, cell phone bills, student loan payments, and transportation costs (e.g., gas money and car maintenance). Leave room in your budget for unexpected expenses, like medical bills or vehicle repair costs. It can be difficult to ask your family for money. If you have a close relationship with your family, however, there’s a good chance that they would like to help you in some way if they can. Have a direct and forthright conversation with your parents, grandparents, or other loved ones you are close to about whether (and how much) they can chip in.  Ask your partner to approach their family as well if they feel comfortable doing so. You might say something like, “Hey, Dad, Christine and I are starting to plan our wedding! We think we can cover the costs of what we have in mind, but it would be a huge help to us if you and Mom could contribute something financially. If not, we understand—just talk it over with Mom and let me know.” Your loved one(s) may want to contribute a certain percentage of the overall costs, or they may have more specific ideas about how they’d like to help. For example, maybe your favorite uncle would like to cover the cost of the wedding bands. Never ask with the expectation that the person you’re asking will be able to help. Be gracious if they say no, and thank them anyway. Sit down with your partner and put together a guest list. This doesn’t have to be your...

TL;DR in Russian:

Вместе с партнером решите, как много денег вы можете потратить. Узнайте, могут ли вам помочь финансово ваши родственники. Решите, сколько человек вы хотите пригласить. Определитесь со своими приоритетами. Узнайте, сколько в среднем стоит то, что вам нужно. Подумайте, как вы можете сократить расходы. Попросите друзей и родственников помочь вам. Составьте таблицу с бюджетом Определитесь с датой свадьбы как можно скорее. Составьте список дел.


Before you set about removing any watch links, it is necessary to measure your watch band so you know exactly how many links you will need to remove. To do this:  Position the watch on your wrist exactly the way you intend to wear it. When you are satisfied with the way it is positioned, turn your wrist over so that the watch band clasp side is facing up. With the watch band on your wrist, gather the slack in the band and hold the links together to simulate them being removed. Stop gathering the links up when the watch band fits your wrist just the way you like. Look where the links are gathered close together at your wrist – be aware that because of the design of the watch band they may not touch. The loose hanging links will tell you the number of links you should remove first. If you can't accurately judge the number of links to remove, remove one less than you expect - it is always easier to remove another link than add one back in. Be aware that it is always better to remove an even number of watch links. This way, you can remove the same number of links from each side and ensure that the clasp is still located in the center of the watch strap. In order to remove watch links properly, you will need certain tools. These may include:  A thin, pointy object like a spring-bar removal tool or pin pusher. A long-nosed pliers. A small hammer. A screwdriver. A parts tray. Make sure that your work area is free from clutter. It is probably a good idea to put down a sheet or some other covering on your work surface and possibly the floor. This is to make sure that any small pieces won't get lost.

TL;DR in Russian:

Измерьте длину браслета. Возьмите необходимые инструменты. Подготовьте рабочее место.


Before you set out for a multi-day trip, try a couple of day hikes through various kinds of terrain and weather to find out how it suits you. It's good idea to make sure you enjoy hoofing around out in the woods before you find yourself out in the middle of a 14 mile loop in the wilderness.  Try a few hikes without any gear, but plenty of water, light snacks, a map of the area, and the right boots. Go out for a mile or two with some friends and have fun. If you like that, try going on a longer hike, for several miles of somewhat rougher terrain. If you like that, take your bag with you and see how you enjoy it. Gradually build up to a series trip. Are you interested in the mountains? The grasslands? The great lakes? Depending on where you live, the backcountry may be close by, or you may want to venture out farther for a serious hiking experience. In most areas, you shouldn't need to travel more than a half a day by car to find a good National or State Park in which you can hike and camp.  Pick an appropriate time of year for that destination, as well. Some destinations are very crowded at certain times of year, or around holidays, while others are inappropriate for backpacking at certain times of the year. It'd be bad to head out to the desert in the middle of the summer if you're a first-timer.  It's also usually good to avoid areas with bears during bear-heavy seasons, which will vary from region to region. Want to hike the Cumberland Gap? Explore Yosemite? Pitch a tent in the Grand Tetons? Once you've settled on a particular region of the country you'd like to explore, pick an area that's appropriate for backcountry camping. Within the US, here are some of the best destinations for serious camping:  Yosemite National Park, CA Joshua Tree, CA Denali National Park, AK White Mountain National Forest, NH Olympic National Park, WA Zion National Park, UT Glacier National Park, MT Big Bend National Park, TX Different wilderness areas and parks will have a variety of options available to backcountry hikers, so...

TL;DR in Russian:

Сначала походите в походы только в светлое время суток, а потом можете идти в поход на несколько дней. Определитесь с местностью для похода. Выберите определенный регион страны. Распланируйте маршрут похода. Будьте достаточно консервативны при планировании маршрута и графика вашего первого похода. Убедитесь, что ваш поход не требует специальных разрешений или предварительной подготовки. Узнайте местные правила пожарной безопасности.


Before you set out, you need to be aware of the unique dangers that the area poses to hikers. Is there poison oak to watch out for? Rattlesnakes? Bears? Is it wasp season? What do you do if you're stung?   Lightning preparedness is a critical part of hiker safety. Learn to identify and find the appropriate shelter in the event of a lightning storm. If you are going about 6,000 feet know how to recognize acute mountain sickness and how to manage it. Make sure you know basic first aid for things like cuts, scraps, and broken bones. Backcountry hiking needs to happen in a group, unless you're a very experienced hiker. Aim for a small group of like-minded friends, between 2-5 people for a safe hiking trip your first time out. Ideally, you'll want to have an experienced hiker who is familiar with the area you're hiking.  If you are experienced, you have the opportunity to introduce a newcomer to the wonders of backpacking. If you have never been backpacking, you might want to consider going on your first trip with an experienced hiker. It's best if your camping partners are somewhat compatible in terms of hiking speed, distance they are willing to hike, and camping style. Some people like to travel lightly and hike long distances. Others prefer just getting out of sight of the car. If you travel solo make sure someone knows your plans and that you have the equipment and skills to be self-sufficient. Water is heavy, but critical on a hiking trip. You need to bring enough water so that everyone has at least 2 liters of clean water to drink each day, especially if you're working hard and sweating on your hike.  If you are using a water filter, bring replacement parts, including replacement filters. They often clog with sediment, or just plain break. Boiling water for at least one minute is an effective backup method, in an emergency. Leave a detailed itinerary with someone who is not going on the trip, including your route, inventory, areas you plan to stay. It's important that someone knows when you expect to...

TL;DR in Russian:

Ознакомьтесь с потенциальными опасностями выбранной местности. Ходите в походы в составе группы, если вы неопытный турист и планируете совершить долгий поход. Носите с собой воды больше, чем нужно, когда переходите от одного источника к другому. Оставьте детальное описание вашего похода человеку, не участвующему в походе, включая маршрут, снаряжение, места ночевок, ожидаемое время возврата. Сохраняйте определенную скорость передвижения. Не держите еду в палатке.


Before you set up the board, you need to choose who goes first. You can do this based on who won the last game, a coin toss, or by any other method. The person who will go first will take the black checkers and the other will take the white. Keep in mind that in checkers, the player with the black checkers always goes first. Sit across from your opponent and place the board between you and your opponent. The board is made up of 64 alternating dark and light squares which appear in 8 rows of 8. There are 32 light squares and 32 dark squares. Place the board so that each player has a light colored square on the corner of the board on his or her right side. Have each player place his pieces on the 12 dark squares in the first three rows closest to him or her. Each of these three rows should have a total of 4 checkers. Remember that checkers may only move in diagonal directions on the dark squares. Since the board has 8 rows, 6 of the rows will be taken up by the players' checkers and two rows will be left open in the middle of the board. In tournament checkers games, each player gets five minutes to make a move. If you want to time each other’s moves to keep the game moving along, make sure that you place a timer near the checkers board before you begin a game.

TL;DR in Russian:

Определите, кто будет делать первый ход. Расставьте шашки. Расставьте на доске шашки. Определитесь, собираетесь ли вы играть с контролем времени.


Before you shift your child's eating schedule, you should make sure your child has had more than one loose stool movement, usually within a short period of time. One loose stool movement does not mean your child has diarrhea. But several loose stool movements within a short period of time is a good indicator that your child has diarrhea and would benefit from changes to her eating schedule.  Increasing the amount of fluids your child drinks and making changes to her diet are two key ways to treat diarrhea at home. This will help to prevent your child from becoming dehydrated and malnourished as she recovers from the diarrhea. Making adjustments to your child's eating schedule can also make it more appealing for her to eat when she has diarrhea. Having small meals and snacks throughout the day rather than three big meals can often be gentler on your child's stomach and help her maintain an appetite. Prepare small meals in small bowls and give them to your child throughout the day. Always pair the meals with lots of fluids so your child does not become dehydrated. Some sources recommend giving your child fluids first and then giving her solid food. You can try to get your child to drink several glasses of water before and after her small meals to keep her hydrated. Your child may not have much of an appetite while she has diarrhea, so you may want to focus on ingredients that your child enjoys and prepare them in ways that will encourage her to eat. For example, if your child likes chicken, then you can make chicken noodle soup. The soup should be easy for your child to eat with a sore stomach and give her the necessary nutrients to stay nourished despite her diarrhea. If your child's diarrhea clears up on its own after two to three days, you should slowly have your child go back to her normal eating schedule. This may mean giving her one to two full meals as well as one smaller meal or two small snacks. Do not force your child to eat her normal meals right after she has recovered as her body needs time to get...

TL;DR in Russian:

Дождитесь, пока у ребенка случится более одного жидкого стула. Давайте ребенку пищу небольшими порциями на протяжении всего дня. Готовьте ребенку его любимые блюда. Позвольте ребенку постепенно вернуться к нормальному режиму питания.


Before you show up for an interview or friendly sit down, take some time to pick out a set of attire that fits you well and is appropriate for the occasion. You want to look sharp, but don’t be too casual or make a spectacle of yourself. Remember to comb your hair, brush your teeth and make sure that your clothing is free of dust and wrinkles.  In addition to the obvious, be sure to wear deodorant, clean beneath your fingernails and keep facial hair shaved or trimmed. As the old saying goes, “dress for the job you want.” If you look the part, potential employers will be better able to envision you in the position. Aim for a tone that’s relaxed and friendly yet professional. When you’re not talking, listen attentively without interrupting. The person you’re speaking to should be just as comfortable with you as you are with them. Give detailed answers to the questions you’re asked, but resist the urge to boast or talk about yourself at length.  Do your best not to stutter, mumble or use a lot of filler noises like “um” and “ah.” If you’re asking for a job via email, take care to use proper spelling, punctuation and grammar. Proofread the message carefully before you send it. Just because you don’t get a job offer right away doesn’t mean that you never will. It may be that the specific position hasn’t opened up yet, or that whoever’s in charge needs more time to interview other applicants. Follow up with a phone call or email within a few days to let someone know that you’re still interested and hopeful to hear back.  Confidence speaks volumes. Sometimes, what you lack in direct experience you can make up for in being self-assured.  While determination is a good trait to have, you should learn to take no for an answer. Don’t be too discouraged if you don't get the job—thank the person for their time, then redouble your efforts and make sure you’re prepared for the next opportunity that comes along.

TL;DR in Russian:

Продумайте свой внешний вид. Говорите четко и по сути дела. Не сдавайтесь.


Before you single out a particular girl to work your charms on, it’s a good idea to understand how to behave around them in general. In fact, the more girls like you in general the better your odds are that the one you’re interested in will take notice.  There are a lot of myths out there about things that girls don’t like: being a "nice guy," being sensitive, etc. Believing those myths might actually lose you points. Treat girl friends (as opposed to girlfriends) like one of the guys: be friendly, talk about your shared interests, tell jokes, and listen. Toss in some extra politeness and consideration and voila! You’re on your way to becoming that down-to-earth, chivalrous guy she’s been hoping for. But don't be a doormat. It's fine—awesome—to be nice and sensitive. But don't push it so far that you become like her brother. That's the kiss of death to any hopes you might have, so let your conversation go into areas brothers never go. For example, saying something like, "You look nice, Julia," may be true, and she'll probably like to hear it, but c'mon—it's something her brother could say! Instead, try something like, "Damn, Julia, you look sexy today. Those jeans are smokin' on you!" Think her brother might say that? Let's hope not. Don't be her brother and don't give her reason to think of you as one. People tend to give what they get, and get what they give. If she thinks you appreciate her just for her mind, then it's likely that she'll also appreciate you for your mind, too. But not your body, bro. Appreciate all of her—her mind, her spirit, and her body. Let her know you think she's pretty, or sexy, or both. Plenty of perfectly nice, pretty girls get left on the sidelines because they’re quiet, shy, or not part of a fashionable social group.  The next time you sit next to one of these girls in class, strike up a conversation with her; the next time you see a girl standing around at a party or club, invite her to dance. Even if it’s clear that there's no romantic interest, she won’t forget it—and she...

TL;DR in Russian:

Научитесь вести себя с девушками. Будьте привлекательны. Цените ее как личность. Уделите внимание девушкам, которые не привыкли к этому.


Before you speak, ask yourself if what you're saying is truly important. You should avoid talking when you're not really contributing to the conversation. People tend to listen to those who choose their words carefully. Someone who's always sharing their opinion or telling stories may lose people's interest with time. If you have a tendency to talk too much, you may find yourself constantly sharing information unnecessarily. Oftentimes, people speak to fill empty space. You may find yourself speaking in professional situations, such as work or school, to ease your anxiety about silence. Sometimes, silence is okay and you do not need to talk just to fill space.  For example, if you and co-worker are in the break room at the same time, you do not have to make small talk. If your co-worker does not seem interested in talking, they may not be in the mood for social interaction. In this case, it's okay to offer a polite smile and let the silence happen. If you talk too frequently, you may say the first thing that comes to mind without filtering yourself. Learning to speak less means learning to think about your words. Before saying something, try to think about the words you're going to say ahead of time. This may help you learn to keep certain things to yourself, leading you to speak less overall. People often reveal information they'd rather keep private through speaking too much. When you think of something you want to add, especially if it's something very personal, pause. Remember you can always share new information later, but you can never make information private again once you've shared it. Having a rough sense of how long you've been talking can help you speak less. In general, after about 20 seconds of speaking you're at risk for losing the listener's attention. After this point, tune in to the listener. Look for any cues they're losing interest.  Watch body language. The listener may fidget or check their phone if they're getting bored. Their eyes may also begin to wander. Try to wrap it up within the...

TL;DR in Russian:

Говорите только тогда, когда это важно. Старайтесь не говорить, чтобы заполнить пустоту. Тщательно продумывайте свои слова. Обращайте внимание на время, когда говорите. Подумайте, не болтаете ли вы от волнения. Старайтесь не говорить лишь для того, чтобы произвести впечатление на окружающих.


Before you spray new bamboo leaves, make sure that you either cut or mow it down and then allow it to regrow. It sounds weird, but you need to let new bamboo grow. Bamboo herbicide won't be effective if the canes of the bamboo are well-developed.  Bamboo is stringy but not very hard.  A "lopper", which looks like scissors with huge handles and a little jaw, cuts it much better than a saw. Cut the bamboo down in late winter so that you can be applying to herbicide on the new growth in late spring or early summer. Glyphosate herbicide only kills the plants that it comes into direct contact with. This means that you'll need to be careful about applying it only to the bamboo. Most glyphosate herbicides need to be sprayed onto the leaves, stalks, and shoots of the plant and allowed enough time to penetrate before any water dilutes it. Unless instructed to do so, do not apply glyphosate herbicide to the soil surrounding the bamboo, as it will be ineffective.  To reduce the risk of killing the wrong plant or over-spraying, you can paint the herbicide onto leaves and stalks with a brush instead of spraying the plant. If you're near a water supply (river, lake, ocean, etc.) make sure that you're using an herbicide that's meant for eradicating plants near water. You don't want to contaminate nearby bodies of water. Another way to mow down bamboo in its tracks is to cut down the canes and then apply a stump and root killer containing glyphosate or triclopyr to the foliage of any regrowth and to the cut stump. One application won't eradicate the infestation; bamboo is tough and tends to spread like wildfire. (Unfortunately, even wildfire can't completely get rid of this pest!) As the bamboo continues to send up shoots, you'll need to continually apply the herbicide treatment to the leaves, stalks, and shoots of the plant in order to properly exterminate it.  When using any kind of herbicide, remember to consult instructions that come with packaging. Some herbicide instructions may differ significantly from the advice...

TL;DR in Russian:

Срежьте бамбук на одном уровне с почвой и дождитесь, пока начнут отрастать новые побеги. Нанесите глифосатный гербицид на листья, стебли и побеги бамбука. В качестве альтернативы можно использовать средство для уничтожения корней и пней. Повторная обработка.


Before you spray the rocks, it’s a good idea to go over the rocks vigorously with a push broom. Work from one end to the other, scrubbing the surface of each rock.  This will help break up any dirt that’s dried on the surface of the rocks, making it easier to clean. Even if the rocks are rounded or creviced on top, rather than being smooth and flat like pavers, try to sweep them off the best you can. If your rocks just need a little sprucing up, you may be able to just give them a quick scrub. Wet them with your garden hose, then brush them vigorously with a scrub brush or push broom. When you're finished, rinse them off with clean water.  Using a sprayer attachment on your hose may make this job easier. If the rocks are really dirty, you’ll probably need the deeper cleaning power of a pressure washer. to clean the rocks. Stand away from the area you want to clean, and hold the nozzle of the pressure washer at an angle so the water and dirt don’t ricochet toward your face. Using a sweeping motion, work from one end of the rocks to the other. Spray the crevices around the rocks, then all across the surface of each one. This should blast away even the most stubborn dirt.  It’s a good idea to wear safety equipment like long-sleeved clothing, long pants, and safety glasses, since the force from a pressure washer can sometimes send debris flying. If you don’t have a pressure washer, you may be able to rent one from a hardware store in your area. If you notice anything green or grey growing on the surface of your rocks, chances are it’s mold or fungus growth. To remove this, saturate the landscaping rocks with white vinegar, then scrub them thoroughly with your push broom. When you’re finished, rinse the rocks with your garden hose. If the mold is really stubborn, mix 1⁄4 cup (59 mL) of bleach with 2 US gal (7.6 L) of water, then apply that to the stones. Scrub them well, then rinse them with clean water. It may take 2 applications to fully remove the mold.

TL;DR in Russian:

Обметите камни щеткой, чтобы удалить легкую грязь. Используйте воду и щетку, если камни не слишком грязные.  Используйте мойку высокого давления Обработайте камни уксусом, если они покрыты плесенью или грибком.


Before you start a big project like putting a music group together, you need a clear goal and vision.  Determine what kind of group you want so that your vision for the group is clear from the start. You will need to choose the style of music for your group. How many people you have in the group, where you look for singers and instrumentalists, and how you get an agent or manager will all depend on the musical style. Most of the popular styles for singing groups are madrigal, a capella, pop, hip-hop, vocal jazz, rock etc. Where you look for your new group members will depend on what kind of group you want to make. For example, if you want a religious singing group, you should look for members at church, or maybe people who sing in a church choir. If you want people who can play instruments, you might want to ask people who are in band class at your school. This will depend on a number of factors.   Some styles of music will feature only 2 or 3 singers, whereas others such as pop or a capella can feature 5 or more. You will need to decide on the gender of your members. Do you want an all girl or all guy group? Or a mixed group? If you decide on a mixed gender group, you will also need to decide how many male voices and how many female voices you will need for the right sound. If you are a rock or country group, you might only have one singer. Everyone else in the band will need a role other than back up singer. In groups like this, often there is a lead singer and a group of musicians that play guitar, bass, and drums. To find people to join your group, you could organize some kind of audition so that people will come to you.  You'll need to advertise the event (make fliers, tell everyone you know, put an ad in your local newspaper, etc.). Post fliers around your school, at local businesses, at your church, and at local events. Take out an ad in the newspaper. That can help interested musicians and singers find you. Talk to people at your church or community center. They can help you spread the word about your...

TL;DR in Russian:

Определите тип группы. Выберите желаемые типы голосов будущих участников группы. Устройте прослушивание. Поспрашивайте знакомых. Определите лидера. Определите роль каждого участника.


Before you start advertising, decide what image you want to portray on your advertising material. For branding purposes (recognition), be consistent in all marketing materials that you plan to use. If you have a logo, use it on all your advertising materials. It is best to have a website developed before you start advertising. Stick with the same logo and colors on both your printed advertising, and on your website. The internet is now the main medium of communication and it's where many prospective clients will turn first to find you. Having a website shows clients that you're serious about your business and it allows them research your business in their own time. Being busy, it's the easiest place for clients to check out your credentials, promises, service offerings, etc.––indeed, many workers will use work time to find your site, likely the largest source of clients needing your services.  Many website deals are very affordable. If you use a web designer and hosting package, this will help to make your company appear more professional. The more information you can include, the better, including testimonials as you get them. In addition to your website, advertise on Craigslist, and if you can, Angie's List. Free advertising is as good as the paid! Start a Facebook business page and a Google+ one too. You can do all sorts of fun things to encourage clients to visit your site, participate in competitions and quizzes and leave testimonials if you put in a little effort. Advertising your company and your image is essential to getting your services known and recognized.  Advertise in a local paper with a text ad. Try to come up with an eye-catching ad. Do not sell your service based on low rates––sell your service based on your quality of work and what you can do for the client that other companies do not. There is a lot of competition in the cleaning service industry but by being the best and staying that way, you will stand out from the rest. Having your business name and contact information on your vehicle...

TL;DR in Russian:

Перед тем, как начать рекламную кампанию, продумайте изображение, которое будет отображено на рекламных материалах. Развивайте веб-сайт. Рекламируйте вашу компанию, чтобы о ней узнали потенциальные клиенты. Изготовьте визитные карточки. Разработайте партнерскую программу – это отличный способ привлечения новых клиентов.


Before you start an exercise program, make sure to check with your doctor and ask if it’s safe for you to stretch and strengthen your elbow and the connecting muscles and tendons. Otherwise, you may delay your healing or injure yourself further. To do this, straighten out your affected arm so that it is perpendicular to your torso and hold your hand and fingers out straight as well. Turn your arm so that your palm is facing the ground. Use your opposite hand to grasp your fingertips and gently pull them down towards the ground until you feel a slight stretch in your forearm. Hold this for 15 seconds. Repeat the stretch 2 to 4 times daily. To do this, straighten out your affected arm perpendicular to your torso with your hand and fingers out straight as well. Turn your arm so that your palm is facing up. Use your opposite hand to grasp your fingertips and gently pull them down towards the ground until you feel a slight stretch on the underside of your forearm. Hold this for 15 seconds. Repeat this stretch 2 to 4 times daily. Grasp the tennis ball or sock in the hand of your affected arm.  Squeeze the ball and hold the squeeze for 6 seconds.  Then, release the squeeze and relax your hand for 10 seconds. Do 8 to 12 repetitions 2 to 4 times daily. Sit down and lay your affected arm flat on a table or desk. Position your wrist and hand so they’re hanging over the edge of the surface. Then, turn your forearm on its side, so that you’re positioned to shake someone’s hand. With your fingers out straight, move your hand up and down.  Repeat the up and down motion 8 to 12 times 2 to 4 times daily. Don’t lift your forearm off of the table while you do this. to build muscle in your arm and around your elbow. While seated or standing, hold a dumbbell in your hand with your arm down at your side. Position your hand so that your palm is facing forward. Then, slowly raise the dumbbell up towards your chest. Hold for 3 seconds, then slowly lower it back down to the start position.  Repeat this 8 to 12 times and do 2 to 4 sets...

TL;DR in Russian:

Прежде чем начать выполнять упражнения, получите разрешение врача. Растягивайте локтевой разгибатель запястья, чтобы разработать заднюю поверхность предплечья. Растягивайте сгибатель запястья, чтобы разработать нижнюю поверхность предплечья. Сжимайте в руке теннисный мячик, чтобы укрепить мышцы предплечья. Поднимайте и опускайте ладонь руки, прижатой к столу, чтобы укрепить запястье. Качайте бицепсы


Before you start bleaching, lay out newspapers around the area you plan to bleach. Many surfaces, especially carpeted floors, are prone to getting stained by bleach. Lay newspapers around your washing machine as well, as you will need to wash your jeans shortly after bleaching. Wear older clothes, like sweats and a T-shirt, that you won't worry about staining with bleach. You could also wear an apron, if you would prefer. Wear thick rubber gloves to avoid irritating your skin from the solution. You may also want to wear safety goggles to avoid getting bleach in your eyes. Smelling bleach on its own usually doesn't induce negative health effects, but it can make some people anxious. If you feel faint, leave the area immediately and call poison control. Keep the product label nearby, if possible, to give information to poison control specialists. Never mix bleach with other household products. Some chemicals, when mixed with bleach, create toxic fumes. Avoid mixing bleach and ammonia, or ammonia and rubbing alcohol.

TL;DR in Russian:

Расстелите газеты на полу на случай протечки. Переоденьтесь в одежду, которую вам не жалко испачкать. Найдите хорошо проветриваемое помещение, чтобы не вдыхать пары отбеливающего средства.


Before you start building your publishing empire, you need to create something. If you have not done so already, sit down with a trusted friend and start bouncing ideas off each other, and see what emerges. Ask questions like:  What will be the topic of your magazine? Focus on things you love and know well, whether that is sports, fashion, computers, or social networking. Creating a magazine based on your passions will be more engaging, relevant, and useful to your readers than a topic you have no relationship with. Who is your target audience? This will help you focus on your possibilities. For example, if your topic is fashion, your demographic will have a huge impact on the style and substance of your magazine, as well as potential ad revenue. If your target market is teenage girls/boys, for example, you'll approach the writing, content, even the logo and color scheme much differently than you would if you were targeting men over 40, or gender-neutral 20-somethings. Determine the age, gender, income level, geographic location, and education level of your target audience. What caliber will your magazine be? As odd of a question as this may be, you will have to decide if you want your magazine to be an authority on a subject (like cooking or fashion) or if you want your magazine to be light, gossipy publication (think Ok! or Us.) It will take time, effort, and money to get people interested in reading your magazine. Make sure you can keep them once they've started reading by reaching people who have a continuing need. For example, consider buying a home. There are three groups of people who could be reached with a magazine: the buyer, the seller, and the real estate agent. However, of those three groups, only one has the potential of being a repeat customer, and that's the real estate agent. Unless you target investment buyers and sellers—which is really a completely different market—your best target audience for repeat business will be the real estate agent. To make any business venture a success, you need...

TL;DR in Russian:

Устройте мозговой штурм, чтобы выработать концепцию журнала. Определитесь с содержанием. Заведите полезные знакомства. Изучите конкуренцию. Подготовьте бизнес-план.


Before you start caring for a pregnant cat, you'll want to make sure the cat is pregnant. While people can take simple urine or blood tests at home to confirm pregnancy, this option doesn't exist for cats. However, physical signs do emerge in the earliest stages of pregnancy that can clue you in that your cat may be carrying kittens. The full gestation period of a cat is around 60-70 days, so the process will move along quickly.  By the third week the cat's nipples will become enlarged and pink. This is referred to as "pinking up." By the fourth week, the cat will begin to gain weight, making the pregnancy visible. By around the fourth week, your vet should be able to help confirm a pregnancy. An experienced vet can feel around the cat's stomach and feel the kittens. They could also do an ultrasound to detect heartbeats. There will also be noticeable behavior changes, particularly in the final weeks. They may appear uncomfortable due to their growing abdomen and meow to seek more attention or affection. As their pregnancy moves along, they'll eat more and spend even more time than usual sleeping. You'll need to make sure your cat is getting proper nutrition for her own health, but also the growing young inside of her. By the start of the sixth week, you should be offering at least 25% more food. Also, make sure the diet is high in protein and calcium are essential to both the kittens and the mother's ability to lactate.  Introduce a diet designed for kittens to your pregnant cat. These diets are rich in protein and calcium that the cat will need during this time. You should continue to feed them kitten food during their entire pregnancy and after delivery. You will not need any special vitamin or mineral mixes, as long as you are feeding them a high quality diet of kitten food. Buy a common and trusted brand to make sure it's up standards. Always make sure fresh water is available. This is just as important as any food. Although a healthy cat will rarely have problems introduced by pregnancy, it's important...

TL;DR in Russian:

Убедитесь в том, что кошка беременна. Уделите особое внимание питанию кошки. Позаботьтесь о здоровье кошки. Распознайте момент приближения родов. Подготовьтесь к родам.


Before you start coding your program, it will help to have some written material to refer to during the programming process. The design document outlines the goals of the program and describes the features in depth. This allows you to stay focused on the function the program.  The design document should discuss each of the features you want to include and how they will be implemented. The design document should also consider the user experience flow and how the user accomplishes his or her task using the program. Create a map for your program, indicating how the user gets from one part to another. A simple flowchart is usually perfectly fine for a basic program. The goals of the program will dictate the structure that you pick. Knowing which one of the following structures best relates to your program will help focus the development. This is the most simple type of program, and allows you to get comfortable with your programming language. Basically, a 1-2-3 program starts, asks for input from the user, and then displays a result. After the result is displayed, the program ends.  The next step after a 1-2-3 is a REPL (Read-Execute-Print Loop). This is a 1-2-3 program that goes back to 1 after displaying the output. Consider a Pipeline program. This is a program that transforms user input and runs continuously. This is a method good for programs that require little user interaction, such as an RSS reader. The program will be written as a series of classes that share a loop.

TL;DR in Russian:

Подготовьте «дизайн-документ». Сделайте блок-схему вашей программы. Определитесь с архитектурой программы. Начните с программы по схеме «1-2-3».