Your doctor can examine your skin cells under a microscope to give you the most accurate diagnosis, ensuring that you're on the right treatment plan. Yeast infections can require a prescription anti-fungal to properly heal, which you will need to obtain from a doctor. Your doctor can prescribe you both a topical cream and an oral antifungal. There are many skin disorders that look similar to yeast infections, such as seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, or Lyme disease. Your doctor will be able to tell you for certain if you have a yeast infection or one of these other conditions. Coconut oil and tea tree oil are both commonly available natural antifungals that you can use on your yeast infection. Both coconut oil and tea tree oil kill fungi, including yeast.  To use coconut oil, smooth it onto your skin 3 times a day. You should see reduced redness after about a week of treatment. To use tea tree oil, apply 2-3 drops of oil onto your infection 3 times a day. Expect the treatment to take a few weeks before you see results. You can purchase several topical antifungals over-the-counter that will treat your yeast infection. While you will commonly find them in the department that specializes in foot care, you can treat your yeast infection with some of the same products used to treat athlete's foot. Try antifungals like clotrimazole, such as Lotrimin AF, or miconazole, which includes Desenex or Neosporin AF. These antifungal brands are widely available at department stores and online retailers.  Smoothe the product over the entire affected area. Reapply twice daily. You may not see an improvement until 2-4 weeks of treatment have passed. Consult your product packaging for more information.

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Обратитесь к врачу. Попробуйте натуральные средства. Воспользуйтесь безрецептурными противогрибковыми средствами.


Your doctor can explain the different treatment options and what to expect. The treatment options usually consist of a surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Esophagectomy is one possible treatment for esophageal cancer. Although there are several variations of the operation, the underlying principle is the same – the surgeon removes the part of the esophagus with the tumor.  This operation will take place first in your abdomen (to free the stomach) and then in your chest to remove the part of the esophagus with cancer. This is followed by re-attaching the stomach to the remaining esophagus.  One common variation on the esophagectomy is an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. It can be done either transthoracic (with a large open incision in the chest) or minimally-invasive (using specialized equipment and robotic technology).  If done in the minimally-invasive way, you’ll have smaller incisions, less blood loss, fewer post-operative complications, a shorter hospital stay, and better preservation of pulmonary function after the operation. You doctor may decide that chemotherapy should be administered alone to manage symptoms or in conjunction with other treatment modalities. Chemotherapy consists of receiving cancer-killing drugs through an IV or oral medication.  Chemotherapy may be administered prior to surgery to shrink targeted tumors, or after surgery to kill any cancerous cells that are left behind.  If you are in poor health and cannot manage surgery, chemotherapy may be your main treatment modality. Unfortunately chemotherapy drugs have many side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and hair loss. It is important you understand the possible adverse effects prior to therapy so you can prepare for them appropriately.  Chemotherapy can also be combined with radiation therapy, which is known as chemoradiation. Another treatment option for esophageal cancer is radiation therapy.  Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink cancerous tissues. Radiation therapy can be administered from outside the body or...

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Поговорите с врачом о лечении. Знайте, когда показана операция. Спросите врача о химиотерапии. Спросите врача о радиационной терапии. Спросите врача, потребуется ли вам зонд для питания.


Your doctor can give corticosteroids in injection or pill form to help reduce pain and swelling caused by your pinched nerve. They may also suggest you take over-the-counter pain relievers. Always follow your doctor's instructions on dosage and never take more than the recommended amount. Side effects of corticosteroids include raising blood sugars and increased risk of infections. These are most common when the medication is used long-term. Your doctor may also supply you with a brace or sling to wear. This will restrict movement so your shoulder can heal faster. The doctor will tell you how long to wear the brace. A therapist can develop a specific program of exercises to strengthen and stretch your muscles, and relieve pressure on the pinched nerve. Since repetitive or stressful movements can sometimes cause pinched nerves, these exercises are often an important part of the healing process. Ask your doctor for a referral to a physical therapist, if you aren't sure which one to visit. Make sure you tell the masseuse you have a pinched nerve in your shoulder before you begin the session. They can then work on releasing tension and pain in your shoulder and neck to address your condition. Search online for a trained masseuse who has experience working on shoulder issues. You can also ask friends or family members to recommend a masseuse. Surgery is normally only used to treat a pinched nerve if other treatments do not lead to improvement after weeks or months. Doctors will decide if a surgical procedure to operate on the pinched nerve will be more beneficial than other treatments.  Surgery may be used if a bone, disc or scar is causing the pinched nerve, or if there is a wound associated with pinched nerve. Before surgery, your doctor will ask you about any medications you take or conditions you have. They will also give you a chance to ask questions. Make sure to ask your doctor about how to care for your shoulder after surgery.

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Принимайте пероральные кортикостероиды. Носите шину на плече. Ходите на физиотерапию. Запишитесь на массаж глубоких тканей. Пройдите операцию на плече, если необходимо.


Your doctor can go over the different options available to you and help you decide which one will suit you best. You will also find out what to expect, how to take certain medications, and what risks may be involved. This is the safest way to go about stopping or missing your monthly periods. The only way to stop your normal monthly periods are by using hormones. Hormones can be oral, injected, or come in patch form. There are many different brands and hormone strengths out there, so advise your physician of your plans for the best recommendation. Birth control pills with extended cycle regimens are the best method. Seasonale, Lybrel, and Seasonique are three types of oral contraception that are formulated to cause your period less often. In most cases, it will take at least three weeks of medication to effectively skip your period. So if you are trying to miss your period for a certain event, be sure to leave yourself enough time for you body to get on schedule. Birth control pills can be expensive, so make sure your insurance provider will cover and refill your prescription every month.

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Запишитесь на прием к гинекологу. Различные методы. Учитесь планировать. Узнайте о возможности получать противозачаточные бесплатно.


Your doctor can prescribe a stronger antiperspirant than those available over the counter. These are typically applied only once or twice a day, and in small amounts, due to the more concentrated chemicals. Once this gets working, you'll only need to reapply once every week or 2. These can irritate your skin. If necessary, ask your doctor for hydrocortisone lotion to soothe your skin. These soak the sweating area in water, then send a mild electrical current through it. While it is unclear why this works, it is a mainstream medical treatment. This is generally more effective for hands and feet, but special devices do exist for armpits. Ask a doctor about this treatment, or purchase a less powerful over-the-counter version. Patients generally try the treatment daily for several weeks, then continue on a less frequent schedule if effective.  Ask a doctor first if you have a metal medical implant (such as a pacemaker or IUD), if you are pregnant, if you experience cardiac arrhythmia, or if you have a skin rash on your underarms.  This treatment can cause red skin, and more rarely blisters. There are several types of pills that can reduce sweating, but these have serious side effects. In some cases, your dermatologist may recommend a Botox injection or other treatment before these are considered. The following are 2 of the most common treatment approaches of this type:  Anticholinergic drugs are effective in about 50% of cases, but often cause unpleasant side effects such as confusion and constipation.  Beta blockers can reduce sweating, particularly if caused by anxiety. All drugs of this type have serious side effects, and cannot be taken by people with asthma or most heart conditions. Any beta blocker may cause depression or dizziness, and specific drugs may have additional side effects. The following treatments should only be administered by an experienced dermatologist. In most cases, your medical insurance will not cover these procedures. Ask your dermatologist or primary care physician to recommend an MD...

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Купите специальный дезодорант-антиперспирант, который отпускается по рецепту. Подумайте о процедуре ионофореза. Подумайте о сильных пероральных препаратах. Узнайте у врача-дерматолога о более серьезных способах борьбы с гипергидрозом.


Your doctor can suggest the use of prescription chemical treatments to try to kill off the skin cells of the warts. These treatments usually contain chemicals such as formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and silver nitrate.  The side effects of these chemical treatments include the skin around the wart being stained brown, and burns to the skin surrounding the wart.  Your doctor may also suggest prescription-strength wart medication that contains salicylic acid. This medication will remove layers of the wart over time and is often more effective when used in combination with freezing or cryotherapy. Cryotherapy is a procedure where your doctor applies liquid nitrogen to your wart, which causes a blister to form under and around your wart. The dead tissue can then be removed seven to ten days after the freezing. However, this method can trigger your immune system to fight viral warts and you may need repeat treatments done to remove the wart completely.  Cryotherapy sessions usually take five to 15 minutes and can be painful. If the warts on your hands are large, they may need to be frozen several times before they are fully removed. There are several side effects of cryotherapy, including pain, blistering, and discolored skin around the wart. Your doctor may suggest that you try pulse-dye laser treatment to burn off tiny blood vessels in the wart. The infected tissue will then die and the wart will fall off. Keep in mind the effectiveness of this method is limited. It can also cause pain and scarring around the affected area.

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Попросите врача выписать вам химическое средство для выведения бородавок. Узнайте у врача насчет криотерапии. Подумайте об удалении бородавок с помощью лазера.


Your doctor can test your GFR by administering a creatinine blood test. Creatinine is a waste product present in your blood. If the amount of creatinine contained within a sample is too high, your kidneys' filtering ability (GFR) is likely too low. Alternatively, your doctor might administer a creatinine clearance test, which measures the amount of creatinine in both your blood and urine. Your test results are only one factor involved in calculating your GFR. Doctors also take into consideration your age, race, body size, and gender when determining the actual GFR rate.  If your GFR is 90 mls/min/1.73m2 or greater, your kidneys are considered to be in good health.  GFR between 60 and 89 mls/min/1.73m2 puts you into stage two chronic kidney disease (CKD). A rate between 30 and 59 mls/min/1.73m2 puts you into stage three CKD, and rate between 15 and 29 mls/min/1.73m2 are considered stage four CKD. Once your GFR dips below 15 mls/min/1.73m2, you are in stage five CKD, which means your kidneys have failed. Your doctor can provide you with additional detail regarding your GFR score and how it impacts your life. If your numbers are lower than they should be, your physician will probably recommend some type of treatment, but the specifics may vary from patient to patient.  You'll need to make certain changes to your diet and overall lifestyle regardless of which stage of CKD you've entered. During the early stages, however, these changes might be enough to improve your GFR. This is especially true if you've had no prior history of kidney problems. During the later stages of CKD, your doctor will likely prescribe some form of medication to help improve your kidney function. This medication should be used alongside lifestyle changes and should not be thought of as a substitute treatment. In the final stages of CKD, your doctor will almost always put you on dialysis or recommend a kidney transplant.

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Сдайте необходимые анализы. Узнайте, что показывают результаты анализов. Обсудите ситуацию с врачом.


Your doctor is the best way to get your iron levels checked. Make an appointment to see your doctor within 1-2 weeks if you're showing basic signs of anemia like fatigue. The first step the doctor will take is to ask you about any history you've had with low iron in the past. Then, the doctor will ask you questions about your recent symptoms and health.  If you are having heart palpitations or shortness of breath, go immediately to urgent care or the emergency room. If you're having chest pains and breathing problems together, go straight to the emergency room. Your doctor may ask you about your diet. For women, they may also ask if you've had a heavy period recently. It can help to write down any symptoms you've been experiencing before you head to the doctor. That way, you won't forget when you get to the exam room. The doctor will do things like look at your mouth, skin, and nail beds, listen to your heart and lungs, and feel your abdominal area. They will be checking for signs of low or high iron.  Some signs of low iron may include fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, coldness in your extremities, pale skin, slowed appetite, and cravings for non-food items (known as pica). Let your doctor know if you have experienced any of these.  Other physical signs your doctor may look for include brittle nails, a swollen tongue, cracks in the sides of the mouth, and frequent infections. The doctor will order blood tests if they suspect your iron levels aren't right. The doctor may use more than one type of blood test to check to see whether your iron levels are high or low. Usually, you'll get results between 1-3 days after you had the blood test. These tests will give your doctor an idea of your hemoglobin levels. These levels measure how much oxygen is binding with your red blood cells.

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Запишитесь на прием к врачу, если думаете, что у вас дефицит железа. Пройдите осмотр у врача. Будьте готовы к тому, чтобы сдать анализ крови.


Your doctor may also recommend that you get hand therapy, a special kind of physical therapy that focuses solely on the hands and wrists. You will be required to go to regular sessions and perform a variety of exercises meant to strengthen your hands and reduce your pain. Your hand therapist may also request that you do exercises at home between appointments. If you want your condition to improve, it's very important that you do them as instructed. If you need pain relief, but you're not ready for surgery, you can consider seeing a doctor to have injections in your wrists. These normally only provide temporary pain relief.  Steroid injections are commonly used to relieve pain from carpal tunnel syndrome. Botox injections may also help your condition. If you're looking for a drug-free way to treat your pain, you may want to look into acupuncture and cupping. Both techniques rely on the theory that the body has multiple pressure points that can be stimulated to reduce pain. Acupuncture involves the use of small needles, while cupping involves placing a series of glass cups on the body's pressure points to create suction. For most people, surgery is a last resort, but if carpal tunnel syndrome is interfering with your life and nothing else is working to improve your symptoms, it may be the best option for you. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of surgery to determine if it is right for you.  Carpal tunnel release surgery involved cutting the tissue around the medial nerve in order to release the pressure. There are two types of carpal tunnel surgery: open release surgery requires a two-inch long incision, while endoscopic release surgery requires two smaller incisions, which may reduce the patient's pain and recovery time. It can take several months to fully recover from carpal tunnel surgery, although you may experience relief of your symptoms immediately after the procedure. . Obesity can be related to carpal tunnel syndrome, so a structured weight loss program may improve carpal tunnel...

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Пройдите терапию для ладоней. Попробуйте инъекции. Попробуйте акупунктуру или банки. Подумайте об операции. Подумайте о том, чтобы сбросить лишний вес


Your doctor may give you a prescription for a muscle relaxant to help your jaw muscles loosen up before bed. This is not an effective long term cure for bruxism and will likely only help you sleep better, not stop grinding your teeth. Some anti-anxiety medications like buspirone and clonazepam can work to stop bruxism. However, some anti-anxiety medications can stop working after a few months of use. Some people can develop bruxism as a side effect of anti-anxiety medication. If this happens, talk to your doctor about changing your medication. Never go off your medication without talking to your doctor. These drugs can help to reduce any pain or inflammation around your jaw due to grinding. But they will not cure bruxism or prevent bruxism.

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Попросите врача назначить вам мышечные релаксанты. Посоветуйтесь с врачом относительно противотревожного средства. Узнайте у врача о нестероидных противовоспалительных средствах.


Your doctor may have you wear a finger splint at night to keep the affected finger in an extended position while you sleep, which helps stretch it out. Splint use may be needed for up to 6 weeks. Splinting also helps prevent you from curling your fingers into a fist while you sleep, which can exacerbate trigger finger.  During the day, take the splint off periodically to perform finger stretches or light massages. Alternatively, you can make your own by buying an aluminum finger splint from a pharmacy and attaching it with water resistant medical tape. An injection of steroid medication near or into the tendon's sheath can quickly reduce inflammation and allow normal, unrestricted movement of your finger again. Corticosteroid injection is considered to be the first-line treatment of choice for trigger finger. Typically two injections are needed (3-4 weeks apart) and it's effective in up to 90% of patients with trigger finger. The most common preparations used are prednisolone, dexamethasone and triamcinolone.  Potential complications of corticosteroid injections include infection, bleeding, tendon weakening, local muscle atrophy and nerve irritation / damage. If corticosteroid injections fail to provide adequate resolution, then surgery should be considered. The primary indications for getting a trigger finger surgically repaired is if it doesn't respond to any of your home remedies or splinting and/or steroid injections, or if the finger is severely bent and irreducibly locked. There are two main types of surgery: open trigger finger release surgery and percutaneous trigger finger release surgery. Open surgery involves making a small incision near the base of your affected finger and cutting open the constricted section of tendon sheath. Percutaneous release involves inserting a needle into the tissue around the affected tendon and moving it around in order to break apart the constriction.  Finger surgery is typically done as an outpatient procedure using local anesthesia. Possible complications from surgery...

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Подберите лонгеты для пальцев. Узнайте у врача об инъекциях кортикостероидов. Хирургическое вмешательство.


Your doctor may prescribe a course of ursodiol to dissolve your gallstones without surgery.  These treatments are essentially bile acids in pill form.  Ursodiol, in particular, is a popular treatment because it is one of the safest common drugs available.  Oral dissolution therapy is most likely to be successful in treating small stones (less than 1.5 centimeters in diameter) with high cholesterol content.  About 30 percent of gallbladder patients are candidates for this treatment. If you are suffering from pigment stones, you will likely need to pursue other treatment. This treatment tends to be less successful for obese patients. This therapy is often used in combination with oral dissolution therapy, although laparoscopic surgery is now so readily available that shock wave therapy is rarely performed today.  This therapy, also called lithotripsy, uses sound waves to break gallstones into more easily dissolvable pieces.  This treatment works best on gallstones under 2 centimeters in diameter.  This treatment is somewhat rare, as it is only available in a few locations. Gallstones return in a majority of patients who pursue dissolution treatments.  As a result, these treatments are no longer common.  Typically they are used for patients who are physically unable to tolerate surgery.

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Подумайте о прохождении пероральной литолитической терапии. Пройдите ударно-волновую терапию. Вы должны понимать, что после прохождения безоперационных методов лечения, желчные камни, как правило, появляются вновь.


Your doctor may prescribe anti allergy creams or medication to help with any discomfort or itching. You can also buy over-the-counter antihistamine cream to help with these symptoms. Apply the cream as directed on the package. These are both triggering factors for HIV rashes, and can make your HIV rash worse.  If you are going to go outside, apply sunscreen to your body to protect your skin or wear long sleeves and pants. Wear a coat and warm clothing when going outside to avoid exposing your skin to extreme cold. Hot water will irritate your rash. Skip the hot baths or showers and go for a cold water bath or sponge bath to soothe your skin. You can use lukewarm water and pat, rather than rub, at your skin in the shower or the bath. Apply an all natural moisturizer to your skin to help it heal, such as creams that contain coconut oil or aloe vera, as soon as you get out of the bath or shower. The top layer of your skin is like a sponge, so applying moisturizer once you have stimulated your pores will trap water inside your skin and prevent dryness. Chemical based soap can irritate your skin and cause dryness and itching. Look for mild soap, such as baby soap, or herbal body wash at your local drugstore.  Avoid products that contain chemicals such as Petrolatum; Methyl-, Propyl-, Butyl-, Ethylparaben; and Propylene Glycol. These are all synthetic ingredients that can irritate your skin or cause an allergic reaction. You can also make your own herbal body wash with natural moisturizers like olive oil, aloe vera, and almond oil. Be sure to apply all natural moisturizer right after your bath or shower and throughout the day to keep your skin hydrated. Clothing made of synthetic or non breathable fibers can cause you to sweat and make your skin more irritated. Tight clothing can also rub against your skin and worsen the HIV rash. Let the anti-HIV medication prescribed by your doctor run its course. It will improve your t-cell count and can treat symptoms like HIV rash, as long as you are not having an allergic...

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Намажьте сыпь медицинским кремом. Избегайте прямых солнечных лучей или сильного холода. Принимайте прохладный душ и ванну. Перейдите на мягкое мыло или гель для душа с экстрактом трав. Носите мягкую одежду из хлопка. Продолжайте принимать противовирусные препараты.


Your doctor may recommend an over-the-counter cream to treat your infection. However, they may decide that a prescription cream is a better option. Apply your cream daily as directed until your yeast infection completely clears. Antifungal creams are often sold over-the-counter as athlete’s foot treatments. However, they’ll work on any skin yeast infection. You can find these in the foot care aisle. Common antifungal creams for skin yeast infections include miconazole, clotrimazole, oxiconazole.

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Узнайте у врача, какой противогрибковый крем вам подходит.


Your doctor may recommend that you temporarily cease activities that cause the pain, such as running or cycling.  If your pain is caused by the pressure from sitting for long periods of time, take regular breaks to get up and stretch. Doctors recommend that you get up, walk around, and lightly stretch every 20 minutes. If you are driving for long periods of time, take frequent breaks to stand and stretch.  Avoid sitting or standing in the positions that cause pain. Physical therapy treatment is generally beneficial, especially if it is started early. Your doctor can work with your physical therapist to come up with a regimen that’s right for you.  Your physical therapist will probably guide you through a series of stretches, flexion, adduction, and rotation exercises. Soft-tissue massage of the gluteal and lumbosacral regions may also help relieve irritation. Chiropractic, yoga , acupuncture, and massage have all been used to treat piriformis syndrome. Because alternative medicine practices generally have not been scientifically researched to the same degree as more conventional medical approaches, you may want to consider discussing these methods with your doctor before beginning treatment. Sometimes piriformis symptoms can be caused by trigger points, or more commonly known as muscle knots. These knots are usually present in the piriformis or gluteal muscles. Pressure on these knots can produce local and referred pain. Most of the time, trigger points can mimic" a piriformis syndrome. This is one reason why a lot of medical tests may come back negative, and may be the reason why doctors may under diagnose this condition. Seek a health professional that has training in trigger point therapy, such as a massage therapist, chiropractor, physical therapist or even a physician. If trigger points are the cause, a combination of acupressure, stretching and strengthening exercises will often be recommended. In addition to the exercises your physical therapist has you do, your doctor can recommend stretches for you...

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Не занимайтесь тем, что провоцирует боль. Займитесь лечебной физкультурой. Обратитесь к альтернативной медицине. Займитесь лечением триггерных зон. Спросите врача, какие упражнения на растяжку вам стоит выполнять и когда. Снимайте болевые ощущение теплом и холодом. Используйте нестероидные болеутоляющие. Спросите врача об инъекциях. Спросите врача о хирургических методах лечения.


Your doctor may treat you with recommended medications or may refer you to a mental health professional to evaluate and prescribe medications. Both a regular doctor and a mental health physician will likely recommend a cognitive behavioral therapist. Many panic attacks are commonly related to other underlying disorders, including some mental health conditions and some medical problems. Talk to your doctor to rule out an underlying medical condition. Studies show that people that are treated for panic attacks and panic disorder early, have better overall outcomes with fewer complications. Commonly used agents include benzodiazepines, both rapid acting and intermediate acting. Benzodiazepines are considered addictive, so be sure to take them exactly as your doctor advised. Taking more than is recommended is dangerous and can cause serious and potentially fatal withdrawal effects if taken chronically. Rapid acting agents help to manage the symptoms when you feel a panic attack beginning. These are often prescribed to have available if needed, or when you begin to have a panic attack.  Take these agents only when needed to avoid becoming tolerant to the prescribed dose. Examples of medications prescribed to take when an attack begins, on an as needed basis, are lorazepam, alprazolam, and diazepam. The intermediate agents take a little longer to start working, but have longer lasting effects.  These medications are often prescribed for routine dosing, to help you avoid attacks, until further steps, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, can be taken.  Examples of intermediate acting agents include clonazepam, oxazepam, and chlordiazepoxide. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, commonly known as SSRIs, are effective in treating panic attacks and panic disorder. SSRIs that are FDA approved for use in treating panic symptoms include fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline. Duloxetine is a closely related agent and is also approved for use in the treatment of panic symptoms....

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Обратитесь к врачу по поводу панических атак. Не затягивайте с обращением к врачу. Принимайте предписанные лекарства. Принимайте быстродействующие препараты в исключительных случаях. Регулярно принимайте препараты замедленного действия или делайте это в соответствии с предписанием врача. Принимайте селективные ингибиторы обратного захвата серотонина (СИОЗС). Посещайте психолога, который использует когнитивно-поведенческие методы терапии. Определите, действительно ли у вас приступ паники.


Your doctor may use several different methods to remove skin for a biopsy. Determining which kind of biopsy you had can help you more effectively heal the site.  A shave biopsy removes the top layers of skin, or epidermis and part of the dermis, with a tool that looks like a razor. Shave biopsies don’t usually require stitches.  A punch biopsy removes a smaller and deeper section of skin than a shave biopsy. Larger punch biopsies may need stitches.  An excisional biopsy removes a large section of abnormal skin with a scalpel.  It’s common to need stitches to close an excisional biopsy site. Depending on the size of your biopsy site and if it continues to bleed after the procedure, your doctor may instruct you to keep the area covered with a bandage for a day or more. This will help protect the biopsy site and absorb any bleeding. If the area bleeds, simply apply a new bandage and some light pressure. If the bleeding is heavy or continues for a protracted period, contact your doctor. For the day after your biopsy, leave on the original bandage your doctor used. Make sure to keep the bandages and area dry. This will help the site begin to heal and may keep bacteria from entering the wound. Make sure to keep the area dry for the first day after your biopsy. You can begin to shower and clean the site the day after the procedure. You should change the bandages protecting your biopsy site on a daily basis. This will help keep the area clean and dry and may prevent infection or serious scarring.  Make sure you use a bandage that will allow the biopsy site to breathe. This will allow air to flow and help heal the wound. Make sure only the nonstick prat of the bandage touches the wound.  You can get breathable bandages at most drug stores and at many grocery stores. Your doctor may also provide you with dressings for the wound. The average time for bandage use is 5-6 days but may be as long as two weeks.  Continue to change bandages every day until you see no open wounds or your doctor instructs you to discontinue...

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Узнайте, каким методом будет удаляться кожа. Накройте место биопсии повязкой. Не снимайте повязку в течение суток после биопсии. Меняйте повязку ежедневно. Мойте руки, прежде чем прикоснуться к месту биопсии. Содержите место биопсии в чистоте. Наносите мазь с антибиотиком или вазелин на рану. Избегайте больших физических нагрузок в первые дни после процедуры. Принимайте болеутоляющие. Снимите швы. Обратитесь к врачу, если возникнут осложнения.


Your doctor needs to know if you are having chronic issues with sleep. It is a serious issue. If you constantly oversleep throughout the week, you may suffer from headaches or back pain. Oversleeping affects the neurotransmitters in your brain and lead to headaches. Back pain can be caused from sleeping on a regular mattress for a prolonged period of time. There are also psychological side effects of oversleeping, including depression, anxiety, and drowsiness. Your doctor can treat these side effects by suggesting adjustments to your sleeping habits, your daily habits, or by prescribing certain medications. There are many medical conditions and disorders that can interfere with sleep. Let your doctor know about specific symptoms or patterns in your sleep issues. If you can’t get up in the morning due to oversleeping, have difficulty staying awake while sitting still, fall asleep while driving, and require caffeine every day to stay awake, you may have a sleep disorder. There are four main types of sleep disorders:  Insomnia: The most common sleep complaint and a major cause of oversleeping. Insomnia is often a symptom of another issue, such as stress, anxiety, depression, or another health condition. It can also be caused by lifestyle choices, like medication you take, a lack of exercise, jet lag, or your caffeine intake. Sleep apnea: This occurs when your breathing temporarily stops during sleep due to a blockage in your upper airways. These pauses in breathing interrupt your sleep, leading to many awakenings throughout the night. Sleep apnea is a serious, and potentially life threatening sleep disorder. If you suffer from this disorder, it’s important to talk to a doctor and get a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine. This device delivers a stream of air to your airways while you sleep and can successfully treat the disorder. Restless leg syndrome: (RLS) is a sleep disorder caused by an irresistible urge to move your arms and legs. This urge usually occurs when you’re lying down and is due to...

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Поговорите с доктором о побочных эффектах просыпания. Пройдите диагностику на наличие расстройств сна. Поговорите с врачом о посещении центра сна.


Your doctor or should give you detailed directions on the type of injection you will administer as well as the technique. When you are ready, review the detailed instructions that come with the medication as well as the directions given to you by your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist. If you have any questions or doubts about how and when to administer the injection, talk to your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist. Ask questions if you are not sure about the correct syringe, needle length, and needle gauge before proceeding.  Some medications come ready-to-use, while others require you to fill the needle with medication from a vial. Be very clear on the supplies you need for the injection. Some people receive more than one type of injection at home. It is easy to confuse the syringes and needles needed for one injection with those intended for use with another medication injection. Not all injectable medication packaging is the same. Some medications may need reconstitution before administration. Many come packaged with everything you need including syringes and needles. Again, it is imperative that your healthcare provider teaches you about your medication and any preparatory steps specific to that medication. Simply reading the instructions or a "How To" is not sufficient — you must have access to a direct link to ask questions and become educated on your medication and the administration.  Once you have talked to your doctor, you can also review the product literature, which will give clear step-by-step instructions on anything you need to do in order to prepare the medication for administration. Again, this is should not be considered a replacement for talking to your healthcare provider about how to prepare and administer the medication. The literature will also tell you the recommended syringe size, needle size, and needle gauge, if those are not included in the packaging. Give a medication packaged in a single dose vial. Common manufacturer packaging for many injectable medications is done by putting the...

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Определите вид инъекций. Осмотрите упаковку препарата. Приготовьтесь к инъекции препарата из пузырька с несколькими дозами. Подготовьте все необходимое. Проверьте лекарство. Вымойте руки. Осмотрите шприц и иглу. Убедитесь в том, что шприц имеет подходящий тип и объем. Наполните шприц. Подготовьте пациента.


Your doctor should be able to determine the cause of your onycholysis by examining your nails. They may also take a tissue sample from underneath one of your nails to test for fungus or other infections. See your doctor if:  One or more of your nails have lifted from the nail bed underneath The border between your nail bed and the white outside of your nail on one or more of your nails is unevenly shaped A large portion of your nail(s) are opaque or discolored One or more of your nails plates are deformed with indentations or bent edges Some medications can make your nails react to sun exposure, resulting in nails that lift away from their nail beds. Medicines in the psoralen, tetracycline or fluoroquinolone categories are the most notable causes of this reaction. Tell your doctor about any prescription or over-the-counter medications you are taking to rule out this possible cause. Tell your doctor if you have been diagnosed with psoriasis in the past, as it can cause onycholysis.  If you have not received this diagnosis, tell your doctor about any skin problems you may have experienced recently. Symptoms of psoriasis can include:  Dry, cracked, or bleeding skin Red patches of skin Silvery scale marks on the skin Itchy, burning, or sore skin Trauma to the nail bed can cause onycholysis gradually and painlessly. Tell your doctor if you have experienced any injuries that may have affected your nails. This may include impact injuries and piercing injuries, where the nail was cut or torn. Injuries may range from small incidents like stubbing your toe to more major accidents, such as slamming your finger in a car door. Exposure to stressors can damage your nails, eventually leading to onycholysis over time. Consider your regular cleaning, grooming, and physical activities to determine what habits might be to blame. These environmental or occupational stressors could include:  Prolonged periods in water (e.g. frequent swimming or washing dishes) Regular use of nail polish, artificial nails, or nail polish removers...

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Посетите врача, если у вас наблюдаются симптомы онихолизиса. Сообщите врачу о принимаемых вами препаратах. Скажите врачу, если в прошлом вы болели псориазом или другим кожным заболеванием. Расскажите о недавних травмах рук и ног. Примите во внимание факторы окружающей среды.


Your doctor will be able to help you best when they have a clear idea of your symptoms. Track what symptoms you experience, when you experience them, and how long they last. Common symptoms of poor circulation include: Tingling in your leg Numbness in your leg Throbbing or stinging in your leg Pain in your leg muscles Muscle cramps

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Следите за симптомами.


Your doctor will be able to provide you with specific information regarding what restrictions you have with foods and what texture foods you need to consume (soft and mushy vs pureed liquids).  Your doctor should also provide you with a timeline of how long you need to follow a modified diet.  Ask your doctor to specify exactly what you can and cannot eat.  It's better to be very clear and get too much information than eat something that could cause pain or further injury. Also ask if you're at risk for any nutrient deficiencies or if there are types of foods or groups of foods that you should be consuming daily or completely avoiding. It may also be beneficial to see a registered dietitian or nutritionist.  These nutrition experts will be able to tailor a diet specifically for your issue and give you examples of types of foods or create a meal plan that's appropriate for you. Ask your doctor for a recommendation. Having a meal plan to follow will be helpful while you're consuming a modified or restricted diet.  It can help take the guesswork out of daily meal planning and give you the frame work for an appropriate diet.  Write up a week's worth of meals and snacks that are appropriate for your situation.  You may need to get creative with different recipes — especially if you're going to be on a modified diet for longer periods of time. Sample meals for a soft diet can include:  oatmeal for breakfast, beef stew for lunch and meatloaf with gravy and well-steamed broccoli for dinner. Sample meals for a liquid or pureed diet can include:  yogurt with pureed peaches for breakfast, a green smoothie (with milk, frozen fruit, spinach, and protein powder) for lunch, and black bean soup for dinner. Your doctor may have a sample meal plan on hand.  Ask to see if you could have a copy to take home to mimic or start you off for a few days. After you write up your meal plan and talk to your doctor, take a trip to the grocery store to stock up on appropriate foods for your diet.  Having the right foods on hand will make...

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Проконсультируйтесь с врачом. Составьте план питания. Посетите супермаркет. Приобретите соответствующий кухонный инвентарь.


Your doctor will first ask you questions about your medical history to find out if you have issues like severe acne, irregular periods, hair loss or hair gain, and weight problems. They will then take a sample of your saliva, urine, and blood to test your androgen levels. If the tests come back positive, they will let you know that you have high androgen and need to address it so you can stay healthy. Oral contraceptives will ensure your periods are more regular and reduce the level of androgens in your ovaries. They can also help to clear up acne and excessive hair growth caused by high androgen levels. Your doctor can prescribe oral birth control that you take once a day at the same time every day.  Oral contraceptives can also be a good long-term treatment for high androgen levels if you do not plan on getting pregnant. Your doctor should outline any possible side effects of oral birth control before prescribing them to you. These medications can also help you ovulate regularly and lower your cholesterol levels. Your doctor can prescribe this medication and discuss the proper dosage with you.  This medication can also help with weight loss and clear up acne caused by high androgen levels. This medication may not be safe to take if you are pregnant. Your doctor may suggest you try diet or lifestyle changes instead. These medications prevent your body from making androgens and limit the effects of androgen. Your doctor can discuss this medication with you and prescribe the proper daily dosage.  Anti-androgens can cause birth defects. For this reason, this medication is often paired with oral contraceptives to prevent pregnancy. If you become pregnant, you will likely need to try other treatments like diet or lifestyle changes.

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Сдайте анализы, чтобы подтвердить высокий уровень андрогенов. Проконсультируйтесь с эндокринологом по поводу приема пероральных противозачаточных средств. Принимайте лекарства от гипогликемии, чтобы снизить уровень инсулина и андрогенов. Спросите врача об антиандрогенных препаратах.


Your doctor will have you describe all your symptoms.  He or she will then analyze them, and use your medical profile, lifestyle, and family history to form a diagnosis. They will ask specific questions about what kind of jobs/sport you participate in, or any other activities that may irritate your sciatica. Your doctor might also ask if you have any problems controlling your bladder or bowel movements, if you have experienced excessive numbness or weakness in your leg or thigh, or if you suffer from frequent urinary tract infections. In addition to the background diagnostics, your doctor will use a physical examination to identify pain locations and to determine the main causes of your sciatica. This will primarily focus on whether the sciatica originates from the spine or not. This test can determine if you are suffering from a case of sciatica.  You will lay down on a bed, on your back with both legs straight. You will be asked to raise the affected leg at a 45 degree angle, while keeping it straight. Then, the doctor will test the reflexes of your foot. If your feel any pain at your lower back or thigh, you are probably suffering from sciatica. Your doctor may use other tests to determine your condition. These tests include:  Blood tests to determine whether or not you are suffering from infection X-ray or CT scans that can pick up any spinal deformities or herniated discs MRIs to gain a more detailed picture of the condition of your nerves and bones

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Посетите вашего врача для получения детальных медицинских назначений. Пройдите физическое обследование у врача. Проведите тест симптома натяжения, чтобы определить ишиалгию. Пройдите дополнительную диагностику.


Your doctor will help you determine a medication regimen that will help you control bipolar symptoms. Always take your medications as prescribed, since skipping a dose may induce a manic episode. Alert your doctor if you are having sleep problems. Consistent sleep deprivation may exacerbate bipolar symptoms, affect quality of life, and even lead to a substance abuse problem. Some medications such as antidepressants may actually cause sleep disruption. If you are taking such medications, talk to your doctor to see if you can change your meds or add additional meds to your current regimen that will help you sleep better. This is a form of psychotherapy based upon the idea that bipolar disorder is caused or made worse by disruptions to circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation. Its goal is to reduce the reoccurrence of manic episodes. IPSRT can be conducted one-on-one or in a group setting. It focuses on helping people with mood disorders like yourself better manage their everyday lives with routines and strategies to improve sleep and manage stress. Melatonin is a hormone that is naturally secreted by the body. It helps regulate circadian rhythms and acts as an internal clock controlling sleep. Secretion is high at night and low in the morning and during the day. Talk to your doctor to see if this supplement may be useful in helping you achieve better quality sleep. Your psychiatrist may also suggest non-addictive sleep aids that can be purchased over-the-counter like diphenhydramine.

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Найдите психиатра с опытом лечения биполярного расстройства. Интерперсональная и социально-ритмическая терапия (ИПСРТ). Спросите врача, можете ли вы принимать мелатонин.


Your doctor will look closely at the growths on your body to confirm you have genital warts, particularly any growths on your genital area and your rectum.  For women, your doctor may perform a complete pelvic exam to check your cervix for genital warts. Your doctor may also take a sample of fluid to test for other STIs, like gonorrhea and chlamydia, as well as a blood sample to test for syphilis and HIV. HPV is a group of more than 60 viruses, some of which can cause genital warts. During your check up for genital warts, your doctor may suggest you also get tested for HPV. For women, this means getting a Pap smear to look for any changes in your cervix that could be symptoms of an HPV infection. It is possible that HPV can lead to cervical cancer in women, and it is very important that you get a yearly Pap smear to monitor any possible infections in your cervix; however, the types of HPV that cause genital warts do not cause cancer.  People with anogenital HPV are at increased risk for a number of anogenital cancers, so it is important to let your doctor know if you have or think you may have genital herpes so that proper screening can be done.  There is no HPV test for men. If your doctor confirms you have genital warts, you should have a talk about possible treatments for the STI. One option is to allow your body to fight off the virus and let the warts go away on their own. You should keep the area as dry as possible and wear cotton underwear to allow the warts to clear up.  If the warts are uncomfortable you can remove them with various genital warts treatments. Keep in mind the warts may still return after treatment, as the treatment cannot cure the virus that causes the warts. Refrain from sexual intercourse when you have an active outbreak of warts from HPV, as that is when the virus is most transmissible. Your doctor may prescribe medicated creams or ointment that can be applied directly to the genital warts to prevent them from spreading and to help them heal. You can also ask your doctor about...

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Обратитесь за осмотром и консультацией к врачу. Позвольте врачу провести обследование на наличие ВПЧ. Обсудите варианты лечения с врачом.


Your doctor will need to perform several tests to determine if you have diabetes. If you do, in fact, have diabetes or pre-diabetes, you will need to follow-up with regular treatment by following your doctor's instructions. The blood glucose test does exactly what it sounds like it does: it tests the amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood. This will be used to determine whether you have diabetes or are at risk of developing it. This test will done under one of three circumstances:  A fasting glucose blood test is done after you haven't had anything to eat for at least eight hours. If it is an emergency, your doctor will do a random blood glucose test regardless of whether you have eaten recently. A two-hour postprandial test is done two hours after eating a specific number of carbohydrates to test your body's ability to handle the sugar load. This test is usually done in a hospital so they can measure the number of carbs eaten before the test. An oral glucose tolerance test requires you to drink a high glucose fluid. They will test your blood and urine every 30-60 minutes to measure how well the body is able to tolerate the additional load. This test is not done if the doctor suspects type 1 diabetes. This blood test is also called the glycated hemoglobin test. It measures the amount of sugar attached to the body's hemoglobin molecules. This measurement gives the doctor a good indication of your average blood sugar measurements over the past 30 to 60 days. Ketone is found in the blood when an insulin shortage forces the body to break down fat for energy. It comes out through the urine, most often in patients with type 1 diabetes. Your doctor may recommend a blood or urine test for ketone:  If your blood sugar is higher than 240 mg/dL. During an illness such as pneumonia, stroke or heart attack. If you experience nausea and vomiting. During pregnancy. If you have diabetes or are at risk of developing it, it's important to monitor your health and blood sugar levels regularly. High blood sugar will cause damage...

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Немедленно обратитесь к врачу, если вы испытываете характерные симптомы. Сдайте анализ крови на сахар. Сдайте анализ крови на HbA1с. При необходимости сдайте анализ на кетоны. Проходите плановые осмотры.


Your doctor will perform a pelvic exam and take a sample of your vaginal secretions to confirm you have BV. She will then prescribe a pill or a cream to help eliminate the infection.  You may receive Metronidazole, a medication available in pill or gel form. Your doctor may prescribe Clindamycin, available in the form of a cream you insert into your vagina. Finally, your doctor may prescribe Tinidazole, which can be taken orally. Avoid drinking alcohol while on Metronidazole and Tinidazole and for at least one day after completing treatment with either drug. Recurrence of BV symptoms within three to 12 months of treatment is common. If your symptoms recur, talk to your doctor about other treatment options. Your doctor will test a sample of your vaginal fluid to confirm you have this STI. She will then prescribe one megadose of either metronidazole or tinidazole. If you have a sexual partner, you and your partner should both be treated for trichomoniasis. Avoid sexual intercourse until one week after treatment, when the infection is cured. You should not drink alcohol 24 hours after taking metronidazole or 72 hours after taking tinidazole, as this can cause severe nausea and vomiting. Your doctor will perform a pelvic exam and take a sample of your vaginal secretions to confirm you have a yeast infection.  If you have an uncomplicated yeast infection, with mild to moderate symptoms and infrequent episodes of yeast infections, your doctor will prescribe a one time application or one to three day application of an antifungal cream, an ointment, a tablet, or a suppository. Your doctor may also recommend an over the counter treatment. If you have a complicated yeast infection, where your infection is recurring and your symptoms are severe, your doctor may prescribe a vaginal cream, ointment, tablet, or suppository for seven to ten days. Your doctor may also recommend a maintenance plan to monitor your yeast growth and prevent further yeast infections.

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Обратитесь к гинекологу, если, как вам кажется, у вас бактериальный вагиноз. Пройдите курс лечения от трихомониаза, прописанный вашим врачом. Обратитесь к гинекологу, если у вас грибковая инфекция, чтобы он назначил вам подходящее лечение.


Your doctor will prescribe (or recommend an over-the-counter version of) an anti-worm medication. Some examples include Mebendazole, Pyrantel permeate, and Albendazole. You will be directed to take one dose of one of these medications (follow the specific instructions of your doctor) and then to wait two weeks. The way this medication works is that it kills off any adult worms. They are all eradicated, except for the eggs which will remain in your system. After two weeks have passed, you will be directed to take one more dose of the same anti-worm medication. The purpose of this second dose is to kill any new worms that have formed as a result of the eggs. The two week timing is extremely important, as it catches the worms at just the right phase in their lifecycle so as to kill all of them without needing any further doses after this one. Since threadworms are so easily passed from one person to another, your doctor will likely recommend that everyone in the household be treated with two doses of the anti-worm medication. It is better to be safe rather than sorry, and to prevent the hassle of someone in the household showing signs of an infection just after the initial person was cured. This is especially true if you are treating pinworm infections in children. Although pinworms can technically be treated with six weeks of very strict hygiene measures (because the lifecycle of the worm is six weeks), it is very challenging to adhere by these strict standards at home, particularly if children are involved.  The benefit of medication is that it is extremely effective at clearing the infection in two weeks. Hygienic measures can then be used as a means to prevent re-occurence or subsequent infections down the road.

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Примите одну дозу противоглистного средства. Спустя две недели примите еще одну дозу. Дайте лекарство всему семейству. Поймите, что лекарство — это самое эффективное средство.


Your doctor will prescribe a medication to help you pass the tapeworm. Carefully follow your doctor's instructions for how to take your medication. The most common medications prescribed to treat a tapeworm infection include:  Praziquantel (Biltricide). This medication works by killing certain worms. Do not take this medication if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, allergic to any ingredient in the medication, have a worm infection in your eye, or if you are on rifampin.  Albendazole (Albenza). This medication prevents newly hatched worms from growing in your body. It treats specific types of tapeworm infections, including those you get from eating pork and from being around infected dogs.  Nitazoxanide (Alinia). This medication is mainly used to treat parasites that you pick up from swimming in a lake or spending time in other moist places. If you have to pass a large tapeworm, it is likely that you will have some pain and cramping. This is normal, but make sure that you call your doctor if the pain becomes severe. To ensure that you are tapeworm free, your doctor will need to check your stools again one month following your treatment and then again three months after your treatment. Make sure that you keep this appointment even if you are feeling fine.

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Пройдите курс лечения, чтобы избавиться от ленточных червей. Будьте готовы к боли в животе и спазмам. Запишитесь к врачу для контрольной явки.


Your doctor will recommend a course of treatment once your vaginal infection is diagnosed. Treatment will depend on the type of infection, how extensive or severe it is and how long you have had the infection. These are typical treatments for:  Bacterial Vaginosis: Antibiotics like metronidazole  or clindamycin. These are considered safe if you are pregnant. Male partners usually don’t need treatment, but female partners should be informed and tested.  Yeast Infection: Antifungal creams, ointments, oral dose of fluconazole, or vaginal suppositories. Examples of these treatments are butoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole (sold under the brand name Monistat) and terconazole. Your doctor can prescribe them or they are available (in weaker doses) over-the-counter at your pharmacy. Recurrent or more complicated yeast infections: Higher doses of medications used to treat yeast infections or you may be told to take them for a longer period of time. Since your partner may be the source of your recurring yeast infections, your partner may need to be treated as well.  Trichomoniasis: A single dose of either metronidazole or tinidazole. These antibiotics are also considered safe if you are pregnant. Trichomoniasis is an STI, so make sure your sexual partner(s) are treated as well.  You should wait for 7 days after treatment before you resume sexual activities. Douching is the procedure of washing or cleaning out the inside of the vagina with water or other fluids. Douching isn't recommended because the vagina naturally cleans itself and douching can increase the risk of bacterial infections.  Douching can actually introduce bacteria, causing vaginal infections and other serious infections like pelvic inflammatory disease. There are no known methods to reduce your risk of infection from douching. If you have recurrent bacterial infections, consider getting probiotics through yogurt. Probiotics can be effective in preventing future infections. Eat 150 grams of yogurt that has 4 to 5 billion Colony Forming Units (CFU)...

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Принимайте препараты. Откажитесь от спринцевания. Ешьте йогурт.


Your doctor will recommend dietary changes for the specific type of stones you have. Adjustments such as limiting sodium, eating a low-fat diet, and staying hydrated apply for all types, but certain foods contribute to specific types of kidney stones.  For example, if you have uric acid stones, you'll need to avoid herring, sardines, anchovies, organ meats (such as liver), mushrooms, asparagus, and spinach. If you have calcium stones, you'll need to avoid calcium and vitamin D supplements, limit your intake of calcium-rich foods to 2 to 3 daily servings, and avoid antacids that contain calcium. Note that people who have kidney stones once are at an increased risk of having them in the future. Kidney stones recur within 5 to 10 years in about 50% of people who have them once. Preventative measures, however, may lower your risk of recurrence. While 2300 mg of sodium is the maximum daily amount recommended for adults, your doctor will probably suggest sticking to 1500 mg per day. Avoid adding extra salt to your food, and try to limit the amount of salt you use to cook.  Instead of cooking with salt, flavor your meals with fresh and dried herbs, citrus juice, and zest. Try to cook your own food as much as possible instead of going to restaurants. When you eat out, you can't control the amount of salt in your meals. Avoid deli and processed meats, as well as meats that have been pre-marinated. Additionally, steer clear of salty snacks, such as chips, and canned foods, such as soups. Check the sodium content on any packaged foods before you eat them. Squeeze a lemon into your water or have a daily glass of low-sugar lemonade. Lemon can help break down calcium stones and might prevent them from forming.  Lemon may also help lower the risk of uric acid stones. Try not to drink lemonade or other lemon products that are high in sugar. You'll likely be able to eat animal products in moderation, provided they're low-fat, such as white meat poultry and eggs. To lower the risk of kidney stones of any type, avoid fatty cuts...

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Проконсультируйтесь с врачом насчет того, как можно предотвратить образование почечных камней определенного типа. Постарайтесь употреблять не более 1500 миллиграммов соли в день. Включите в свой рацион лимоны, особенно если у вас кальциевые камни. В умеренных количествах употребляйте нежирную белковую пищу. Включите в свой рацион богатые кальцием продукты, но при этом воздерживайтесь от приема пищевых добавок. Регулярно занимайтесь физическими упражнениями, но при этом пейте больше воды, чтобы поддержать водный баланс.


Your doctor will want to see you regularly in the months after your surgery to ensure you are healing correctly.  Don’t skip your post-surgical appointments as they are important to ensure your foot is healing as planned. Bring up any questions or concerns you have regarding the progress of your foot to your doctor. After your surgery, you may be on crutches, in a cast, or specialized footwear.  Depending on your surgery, your mobility may be significantly limited.  Your doctor will tell you if you are ready for any amount of weight bearing. Be patient, rushing to place weight on your foot after surgery could re-injure you. There are a number of possible complications that may result from foot surgery.  If you notice symptoms of these issues arise, contact your doctor immediately.  Infection can be a risk early in your recovery.  If you notice redness and warm swelling around the surgery site or are experiencing a fever you may have an infection. Nerve damage is often not permanent, but you may experience numbness or tingling in the region surrounding the surgical incision.  While it usually passes, you should discuss it with your doctor

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Сходите на послеоперационный осмотр. Научитесь обходиться с травмированной ногой. Остерегайтесь возникновения осложнений.


Your doctor will work with you to create a written plan that you can follow when you start having an asthma attack or coughing fit. The action plan should give you a list of steps to follow to get your breathing back to normal. It should also list emergency and medical contacts. The doctor will explain how the action plan moves from green to yellow to red. Each colored section should list symptoms you should look for, your medication and treatments, and a place for you to record your lung function. If you're having a coughing attack, you'll probably be advised to use an inhaler. Your inhaler is designed to quickly get medication (like short acting beta agonists) into your airways so they open. Your doctor may prescribe albuterol, levalbuterol, pirbuterol, ipratropium, or corticosteroids.  To use an inhaler, take off the cap and shake the inhaler. Three or four good shakes should work. Remove the cap and breathe out. Put the inhaler mouthpiece to your mouth and breathe in slowly. Press down once on the inhaler's button, and continue taking in one long, slow breath. Take the inhaler out of your mouth. Hold your breathe for ten seconds, and then breathe out. These medications are used every day to prevent coughing and other asthma symptoms . They won't give immediate relief (you should use your inhaler or other short-term medication for that). Instead, long-term medications can reduce inflammation, open your airways, and reduce your body's response to triggers. You may also need treatments for allergies that trigger asthma attacks. Long-term medications or treatments include:  Allergy shots Inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, ciclesonide, beclomethasone and mometasone Anti-inflammatory medicines like cromolyn Long-acting beta agonists like salmeterol and formoterol Biological medicines like omalizumab and leukotriene modulators Theophylline An important part of managing your asthma cough is knowing when to get medical treatment for it. Besides cough one hallmark sign of worsening...

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Составьте с врачом план лечения. Контролируйте астму с помощью препаратов для кратковременного использования. Используйте при лечении астмы препараты для долговременного применения. Обратитесь за неотложной медицинской помощью.


Your dog is going to be scared and confused during and after a seizure, so it is crucial to do everything that you can to help them feel less afraid. If your dog suffers from frequent seizures, you will also want to learn how to recognize the signs of a seizure so that you can prepare. Some simple steps that you can take to comfort your dog during a seizure include:  Placing a cushion or pillow beneath your dog’s head. This will help to protect your dog's head during a seizure. Speaking to your dog in a low, soothing voice. Say things like, "It's okay, buddy. That's a good dog. Easy, easy, I got you." Petting your dog in a calming, gentle way. You may also consider letting your dog lay across your lap or holding them if they are a small dog. It is a misconception that dogs will swallow their tongues, and under no circumstances should you stick your hand or fingers into your dog's mouth when they are having a seizure. You will likely get bit. Do not try to put any objects into your dog’s mouth either or your dog may break a tooth or even choke. It is important to get your dog calmed before taking any other action. Sometimes the seizure will restart if your dog is very nervous and/or tries to get up before they have recovered. Continue soothing your dog and stay close for a while after the episode. To help your dog relax, keep the room quiet. Turn off the radio and TV and don’t allow more than one or two people in the room. Take other pets out of the room as well. Try to keep track of how long the seizures last. If your phone is handy take a video of the event. This documentation may help the veterinarian to diagnose and properly treat your dog. If the seizure continues for longer than five minutes, get your pet to a veterinary emergency room as quickly as possible. Long seizures can exhaust the respiratory muscles and, thereby, interfere with your dog's ability to breathe.

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Успокойте собаку во время приступа. Держите руки подальше от пасти собаки. Успокойте собаку после приступа. Обратите внимание на длительность припадков.


Your dog may be trying to escape from something that is scaring him.  This will usually be in response to something noisy, like a loud car or construction.  It may also be something visual, like a bright light or a person walking by the yard.    If you identify the thing responsible for your dog's fear, and it is possible to do so, remove it. Try to limit exposure to the event that causes a fear based escape.  For instance, bring your dog inside if a loud bell or siren scares him. Watch your dog to see where he likes to hide when scared.  Try to create a similar “safe space” for him in the yard and in the house. Try desensitizing your dog to the fear stimulus.  Starting small and gradually increasing exposure to the stimulus over time can result in the loss of fear to that stimulus.  Talk with your veterinarian or local dog trainer to learn more. At around six months old, dogs will begin to look for mates.  This drive can be quite powerful. Male dogs are more likely to try to escape if they smell a bitch in heat. Unfortunately for the owner of the male dog, they are able to detect the pheromones (chemical messengers) over a distance of mile. Female dogs are less likely to wander due to hormonal reasons. Female dogs come into heat twice a year, and if you own a female dog, your main concern is other dogs getting in, rather than her out!   The best way to prevent this is to have your dog spayed or neutered. Spaying your dog will prevent her from becoming pregnant if she escapes. Your dog may simply miss you.  Separation anxiety is caused when you leave your dog's presence and his attachment to you causes them anxiety.  He may try to escape in an effort to follow you.  If your dog usually escapes right after you leave, there is a good chance separation anxiety is to blame. Act calmly when coming home or leaving.  By showing your dog that your departure and arrival are not something to be excited about, he should learn to relax during these times. Think about giving your dog an over-the-counter medication, or...

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Определите, не убегает ли ваша собака со двора из-за страха. Выясните, не убегает ли ваш питомец с целью найти себе пару. Проследите, не проявляет ли ваш питомец боязнь разлуки. Обустройте свой двор.


Your dog may need immediate medical treatment by the vet if he shows signs of shock. Signs include:  Pale skin and gums Abnormal behavior Collapse Weakness Difficulty getting up and walking Reluctance when lifting his head Depressed demeanor After your dog has vomited, reassure him that he’s done nothing wrong. Try to get him to lie down and rest. If he seems cool or is shivering, put a blanket over him and give him plenty of attention and support. Let your dog take it easy. Help him get comfortable on the floor, so that he doesn't have to try getting up and walking around. Dried vomit can cause your dog's hair to get matted, so it is a good idea to clean him up. Only do this once your dog has rested for a bit and stop cleaning if your dog becomes stressed by the bath. You may want to place puppy pads or old towels under his chin and around him, so that if he's sick again he doesn't soil the carpet. Some dogs recognize puppy pads as appropriate places to toilet. This may relieve his anxiety about being unclean if knows he has somewhere to vomit. Keep a close eye on your dog after he has vomited since repeated vomiting needs medical attention. Signs that he may vomit again include retching, or a noise that sounds like he has something stuck in his throat; a stiff or rigid stance; and wandering around aimlessly.

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Проверьте, не находится ли собака в состоянии шока. Обеспечьте собаке уют и тепло. Протрите испачканную шерсть собаки тряпочкой, смоченной в теплой воде. Обратите внимание на появление признаков надвигающейся рвоты.


Your dog may not be able to relax because you are doing things that it dislikes. For example, many dogs dislike having their head petted. This is because the hand comes over the head and eyes, which is a threatening gesture in dog language. If your pet shrinks away or its body stiffens when you go to pet its forehead, then consider that it may not like it. Instead, form your hand into a fist and hold it just below the dog's nose level. Let it approach and sniff the hand. If the dog wags its tail, raises its head, pricks its ears forward, or moves closer, these are all good signs you have his permission to pet it. Your dog may sense if you are in a rush to try and calm it down. Instead, work on calming the dog down when you have time to spend with it. A great time to make your dog relax is when you are watching TV in the evening. You can gently pet the dog while watching a favorite program. Remember that dogs have sensitive hearing, so don't have the volume turned up high. Wherever it is, the dog should have open access to this space but should not be forced onto into it. This might be a blanket on the floor or on the sofa beside you. Decide if you have a 'no pets on the furniture' rule or not. Be aware if you invite the dog up onto the coach it will get the message it's OK to jump up, so only choose that option if you don't mind the dog on the furniture. Stroke gently, gliding your hand over its coat, following the direction of the lie of the coat. Do not brush against the lie of the hair or pet roughly, as this is unpleasant and equivalent to having your hair pulled or someone smack your face. Make the movements long and flowing. The dog will appreciate if you use both hands, one following in the trail of the other. Be aware that some areas are more ticklish than others, and dogs feel vulnerable when certain areas, such as the belly, are touched. Work with the area the dog presents to you. Thus if it lies on its side, stroke its flank, rather than pushing the dog onto its back. The dog may interpret this as...

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Выясните, что нравится и что не нравится вашей собаке. Найдите достаточно времени. Убедитесь, что у собаки есть удобное место, где она может полежать. Приласкайте свою собаку. Подберите такой ритм, чтобы собака могла полностью расслабиться. Используйте феромоны, чтобы ваша собака расслабилась. Попробуйте альтернативные техники релаксации.


Your dog thinks of your home as her territory, and may feel threatened and defensive if a new animal is suddenly brought in. It can be helpful to begin outside, with the cat in a pen and your dog on a leash.  Start at a distance and gradually approach the pen with your dog. When you get close enough that she notices the cat, stop. Let your dog look at the cat for a few seconds, then say your dog’s name. When she looks at you, click and treat. Repeat this process—let her look at the cat, say her name, and reward her when she looks at you. The idea is for her to associate remaining calm at the sight of the cat with being rewarded. If your dog is too distracted by the sight of the cat to focus, move away from the cat until your dog will reliably look at you every time you say her name. Gradually move closer to the pen, continuing this process as you go. Make sure you give your dog plenty of treats; it’s important that you make good behavior more rewarding than bad behavior. Keep practicing until your dog can do this while standing right next to the cat’s pen. Be patient. The amount of time you will need to spend on this will vary depending on your dog. This is a good option if you are unable to have them meet in a neutral area, or if your cat is distressed by being in a pen outside.  Get the cat set up in a designated room of the house that the dog does not have access to. Put his bed, water and food bowls, scratching post, liter box, and toys in this room. The idea is to create a space that feels safe to him. Give him at least a couple days to acclimate before you begin introducing the dog. Put your dog on a leash and fill your pockets with her favorite treats, as well as a couple treats for your cat. The door to the cat’s room should be open, but blocked by a baby gate. For the first couple days, just practice walking past the door with your dog. Click and treat for a calm demeanor, and throw your cat a treat as well to help it associate the dog’s presence with good things happening. Practice basic obedience...

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Начните знакомить питомцев на нейтральной территории. Перейдите к знакомству животных на территории дома, установив детскую калитку между двумя отдельными комнатами. Используйте для собаки клетку, чтобы отгородить двух питомцев друг от друга во время знакомства.


Your dog will inevitably have occasional accidents, even after successfully house training him. Accidents may happen frequently during the training process. It's important to remember that your dog did not mean to have an accident, and that he will eventually learn not to make it a habit. Do NOT yell at your dog or rub his face in the mess when he has an accident. This does not help your dog learn from his mistakes, and it may cause him to become fearful of you. Take accidents in stride and be patient with your pet. Any time you observe your dog urinating in the house, make a startling noise, like clapping your hands or saying "Go outside". Then take your dog outside and praise him if he finishes relieving himself outdoors. Dogs have a keen sense of smell, and may come to associate a former accident spot as an acceptable bathroom location if the smell is not properly cleaned away. This can be especially problematic in younger puppies. Use an enzymatic cleaner to thoroughly remove odors after accidents indoors. If you have a yard, you can use indoor accidents as a training tool. Any time you clean up an indoor accident, take the urine-soaked paper towels outside to the dog's usual bathroom area. Leave the paper towels outside on the ground, using a rock or stick to secure them in place. Once your dog smells his urine on the paper towels, he will firmly associate going to the bathroom with being outside. As soon as your dog learns the lesson and begins relieving himself outside again, you can remove the soiled paper towels. If your dog is having a hard time refraining from relieving himself indoors, it's possible that he's suffering from a medical ailment or emotional problem. Consult your veterinarian to determine whether your dog has any of the following problems:  urinary tract infection (UTI) surface preferences (desire to eliminate waste only on certain types of surfaces or textures)  anxiety/fear of going outdoors  separation anxiety  urine marking of household objects  submissive or excitement urination

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Не наказывайте собаку за случайное справление нужды. Если на ваших глазах собака справляет нужду в неположенном месте, стоит ее прервать. Тщательно убирайтесь после того, как собака помочилась дома. Подумайте, могут ли быть у собаки какие-то проблемы.


Your dog's crate should be just large enough for the dog to stand up in, turn around, and lie down comfortably.  One of the reasons that crate-training is effective for housebreaking a dog is that dogs will not eliminate waste where they sleep.  If the crate is too large, the dog may use one end for sleeping, and use the other as a latrine.   If your puppy is still growing, you can buy a crate that will accommodate his adult size, and block off part of it with a divider (sold with some crates) to fill up the extra space. Many humane societies and some veterinarian's offices rent crates, so you can get one that is the appropriate size for your puppy and trade up as the animal grows. If you plan to use the crate for air travel, be sure to choose one that is approved by the FAA or your airline of choice. There are many different kinds of crates you can buy, including wire, plastic, and soft-sided.  Choose the best crate for your dog and circumstances.  Wire crates are the most inexpensive and breathable, and usually come with dividers for walling off part of the crate to accommodate a growing puppy. Plastic crates feel cozier to most dogs, and can usually be used for air travel. However, they aren't the best choice in hot weather as dogs that get hot easily. Soft-sided crates are lightweight and portable, however many dogs can chew their way out of them, and they can be difficult to clean. When you begin crate training, it is best to put the crate in a place where you and your family spend a lot of time during the day, like the kitchen or living room.  Dogs are social animals, and like to feel that they are part of the pack.  It is important not to put the crate in an isolated location, like the basement or garage. The crate should never feel like an isolating punishment for your dog.  You should plan to move the crate to your bedroom at night when training a puppy, so you can take the puppy out when it needs to go to the bathroom. Some dog owners simply set up two crates, one in the living area of their homes,...

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Выберите для питомца клетку подходящего размера. Определитесь с типом клетки. Выберите для клетки подходящее место. Сделайте клетку комфортной для собаки. Продемонстрируйте собаке собственный энтузиазм по отношению к клетке.


Your doll can be whatever size you want it to be, but something around 7 inches (18 cm) would be ideal.  You can also use another flat object, such as a book, DVD case, or a plastic lid. The width of the cardboard does not matter too much, but the wider it is, the more yarn it will be able to hold.

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Отрежьте кусок картона такой длины, которая соответствует росту будущей куклы.


Your dwarf hamster may bite or nibble on your hands as you tame him. A dwarf hamster will bite if he feels threatened or scared. He may also bite if he’s bored in his cage or not feeling very well. Nibbling is a dwarf hamster’s way of testing and exploring things in its environment. Your dwarf hamster’s bite wouldn’t be enough to cause bleeding, but it could startle you. A nibble would feel lighter than a bite. If your dwarf hamster bites you, blow in his face. This puff of air will be unpleasant to him but won't hurt him. He’ll get the message not to bite you anymore. Even if the bite startles you, do not drop him—the fall could injure him.  Putting some more toys in his cage, such as empty toilet paper or paper towel rolls, can relieve his boredom and possibly stop the biting behavior. If extra toys or blowing in his face are not stopping the biting, take him to your vet for a checkup. Russian dwarf hamsters can be very territorial. If you have a Russian dwarf hamster, he may have a strong reaction to your hand in his cage and try to bite it, especially if he doesn't know you're nearby. Be extra careful when putting your hands in his cage. Your hand will look huge compared to his small body size. He will see your hand as a threat to his territory.

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Научитесь различать агрессивные укусы и безобидное покусывание. Если хомячок укусил вас, необходимо правильно реагировать на нежелательное поведение зверька. Не засовывайте руку в клетку карликового хомячка.


Your eating habits probably weren’t the healthiest during your addiction. You’ll see improvements in how you feel when you take better care of yourself. Slowly increase your intake of fruits, vegetables and lean protein like chicken and fish. Drink plenty of water. Consider working with a nutritionist. Some addictions cause injury to the digestive system. You may need a special diet that is gentle on your digestive tract and that helps you absorb nutrients. The nutritionist will help you develop a healthier eating plan based on your specific needs. Regular exercise is not only good for your heart and muscles. It reduces stress and improves your mood. Start slowly. Even 10 minutes a day of walking will make a big difference to your health. Over time, you’ll be able to do more. Work out with a friend. You're less likely to blow off exercise if you have a friend holding you accountable. Plus, it's more fun to walk, bike or go to the gym with a friend. You're more likely to stick with your new healthy habit. Create a soothing bedtime routine like taking a bath and reading a book. Minimize the use of electronics like cell phones, tablets, computers and TV before bed. A few minutes of gentle stretches or yoga can also help you fall asleep. Aim for 6 to 8 hours of sleep each night and try to go to asleep around the same time every night. Get help from your Primary Care Doctor (PCP) if your sleep doesn’t improve. Your doctor can help you develop a plan for getting quality sleep. You could have an underlying medical concern that makes it hard to sleep. You may need prescription sleep medications. Your addiction was the center of your life. Removing the addiction and staying sober means you have to refocus your attention. This is a time for reinvention and discovering new passions. Having a passion helps make life meaningful. Start a hobby. Think about what activities you enjoyed when you were younger. Activities that brought you joy in your youth usually make good hobbies when you’re an adult. Try painting, music,...

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Займитесь своим питанием. Занимайтесь спортом. Улучшите качество сна. Найдите новые хобби. Поставьте перед собой цели в сфере образования и карьеры. Станьте волонтером.


Your electric blanket features a control cord that provides power through a wall plug. Whenever you want to clean the blanket, remove this cord from the blanket. Before removal, turn off the blanket and unplug it.  The control cord should never be submerged in water.   Before cleaning the blanket, check to make sure that all of the wire heating elements within the blanket are positioned as they should be, and that none of them have worn through the blanket’s fabric. If the wire heating element has worn through the fabric in any location, or the connection point between the blanket and the control cord is damaged in any way, discontinue use of the blanket. If you have an older electric blanket with a control cord that is not detachable, do not wash it in a washing machine. Instead, carefully hand wash the blanket, taking care not to submerge the control cord. Your electric blanket will come with a user’s manual that includes specific washing instructions.  These instructions may be included on a “product care” label attached to your blanket, a booklet in the blanket’s packaging, or on the packaging itself. Almost always, you’ll be directed to pre-soak the blanket, wash it briefly on a gentle cycle, and rinse.  A brief spin cycle will also likely be recommended. Most manufacturers recommendations will direct you to soak the blanket for anywhere from five to fifteen minutes. In addition to the specific amount of time, they will also recommend different temperatures of water, ranging from cold to warm. If a specific temperature is not mentioned regarding temperature or duration of pre-soak, go with a cold water soak for fifteen minutes. Almost all modern electric blankets can be washed in your washing machine. Most manufacturers do not recommend a full wash cycle, however. In fact, most blankets only need a few minutes’ wash on your machine’s “delicate” or “gentle” cycle.  Use only a small amount of a mild washing detergent. Do not use any other cleaning chemicals. In particular, never bleach your electric...

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Отсоедините сетевой шнур перед стиркой. Соблюдайте рекомендации производителя. Замочите одеяло. Выберите быструю деликатную стирку. Включите полоскание и быстрый отжим. Соблюдайте требования при ручной стирке.


Your embouchure is your mouth position and movement through which air flows into the horn's mouthpiece. Using muscle control and air flow through the instrument, you can bend a note up or down to align it into tune more accurately. You can also adjust your lips or tongue to achieve slightly different pitches of the same note. The pitch of your horn changes depending on the placement of your hand in the bell. If you have small hands and a large bell, this can be problematic to cover enough of the bell to achieve good pitch. Similarly, larger-than-norrmal hands can also cause problems. Find a horn with a good fit for you. Test out the placement of your hand to adjust the pitch. More hand coverage will make tone flatter. Less hand coverage will make tone sharper. You can also use a tuning sleeve, which is like a cork or a bit of extra hand coverage. This will provide consistent and even coverage of the bell, which can help with pitch changes. Mouthpieces are available in various cup sizes and shapes, and various rim widths, sizes and shapes. Selecting a different mouthpiece may enable you to reach new sounds or play with better tonal quality. If you have a mouth that is smaller or larger than average, this can impact how you play and you should adjust your mouthpiece accordingly. You can also pull out or push in the mouthpiece slightly to adjust the pitch. Learning more about the horn, practicing consistently and often, and listening to others play the horn will give you a good sense of what sounds right. Practice with an electronic tuner to see how accurately your ear hears a note's pitch. Play an open note without looking at the tuner and make adjustments to get the note into tune. Then check with the electronic tuner to see how close you are to the accurate pitch. Make an adjustment to align with the tuner and listen to how that note sounds. This will help you stay in pitch more so than if you play solo.  You can adjust your tone to match your fellow players. You can also hide an out-of-tune note a little...

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Измените положение рупора. Передвиньте правую руку к раструбу. Смените мундштук. Чаще практикуйтесь, чтобы найти самое удобное положение. Играйте в ансамбле.


Your emotional experience is broken down into three elements: body language and behaviors, visceral reactions, and thoughts. Sometimes, you may clearly feel one emotion, while, at other times, you may experience a spectrum of emotions. Consider some common emotions with their three associated elements to determine how you're feeling right now.   Anger may be characterized by clenched fists, flaring nostrils, pounding heartbeat, sweating, and jumping to conclusions with thoughts.  Confusion may include scratching one's head or cheek, blinking rapidly, rising body heat, and racing thoughts.  Disappointment may be exhibited by a heavy sigh, lowering one's head, sudden onset of nausea, a heart that seems to be shrinking, and thoughts of dread or hopelessness.  Fear may be associated with pressing one's elbows into the sides, shaking, hypersensitivity to touch and sound, and mentally having the desire to run or hide.  Jealousy may be characterized criticizing the rival, sneering, burning sensation in the chest, and rash decision-making.  Sadness may include wincing, a trembling chin, soreness in the the throat, the world seeming to slow down, and wanting to be alone. If you are experiencing strong emotions, you need to figure out the stimulus that caused these feelings. This is especially true if you find yourself getting upset often. Think back over the last few hours or days. Consider the people you have talked to and the topics of the conversations you have had. It could be that a certain person caused you to feel strongly, or a specific topic set you off. Possible people/topics that may evoke strong emotions include family, friends, relationships, work, money, criticisms, and broken promises. Once you target which person/people or topic is the stimulus, write down your feelings about this person or topic. Write out these emotions as "I am angry because..." or "I am disappointed because..." This exercise can give you some insight into what's driving your emotions. You may not have even been aware of these...

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Разберитесь, что именно вы чувствуете. Точно выявите ситуации, которые вызывают у вас всплеск эмоций. Осознайте свои мысли по поводу ситуации. Выясните, соответствуют ли ваши мысли действительности. Выработайте адаптивно-заместительное поведение.


Your employees spend a large chunk of their lives working in their office, so you should try to make the office look as friendly and appealing as possible. If you create a friendly and comfortable atmosphere for your employees, then they will be more eager to go to work every day. Here's how to do it:<   Create a space that isn't too cramped. Do your employees feel like they have room to walk around and breathe, or like they're crammed in like sardines? The more free they feel to move around, the happier they'll feel.  Make sure the temperature in the office isn't set to be too hot or too cold. Your employees won't be motivated if they're freezing or so hot that they can't focus. Create a pleasant ambience through lighting. Though you may not be able to help it if your office has harsh fluorescent lights, you could make a big difference by putting up a few lower-wattage bulbs that are easier on the eye. Make sure your employees have lots of natural light and position them next to windows whenever you can. They will be less likely to feel stifled if they are near light and fresh air. If your environment is more casual, you can set up more relaxing furniture around the office and tell your employees that they could work there from time to time as well, if they don't have to be rooted to their desks. Your employees will spend a lot of time staring at your walls, so this is a great place to catch their attention and motivate them into doing better work. Here are a few things you can put on your walls:  Put up a bulletin board where people can post pictures, birthday cards, and any relevant personal information that they want to share with their coworkers. This will make people feel more relaxed and comfortable, and they may even smile when they peek at the board.  Recognize outstanding employees. Though you don't have to post the "employee of the month" on your wall, you can post a small notice or write a person's achievements on a whiteboard for the whole office to see.  If your company is going strong, put up...

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Создайте приятную рабочую атмосферу. Выжмите максимум из стен. Используйте еду как стимул. Никакого дресс-кода!


Your essay should clearly define your argument and provide supporting examples. When you read your essay again, make sure it doesn’t read as confusing or contradict what you’re trying to argue. Have a peer or parent read through your essay to see if they understand what point you’re trying to make. Look over your transitional statements and make sure your body paragraphs make sense leading into one another. On a sentence level, make sure your thoughts are cohesive and each sentence influences what you say in the next one. This helps a reader follow your train of thought better. For example, if your essay discusses the history of an event, make sure your sentences flow in a chronological way in the order the events happened. Make sure each of your sentences supports your thesis or your topic sentences. If you have any contradictions or information that doesn’t defend your argument, consider cutting it from your essay or finding a way to tie it into your main focus. If you cut parts out of your essay, make sure to reread it to see if it affects the flow of how it reads. Once you’ve edited your essay for content, look for sentence-level errors such as punctuation, word choice, and spelling. Read your essay out loud to hear any mistakes you may have glossed over.

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Убедитесь в четкости и убедительности ваших доводов. Проверьте плавность переходов между абзацами. Перепишите или удалите отрывки, в которых вы отошли от темы. Убедитесь в отсутствии пунктуационных и орфографических ошибок.