Article in English: A chess board has 8 rows and 8 columns. There are 64 squares total. Half of the squares are a light color and half of the squares are a dark color. If you do not have a chess board, you can draw one on a dry erase board or chalk board. If you are teaching in a classroom, it may help to number the horizontal squares from 1 to 8, and letter the vertical squares from “a” to “h.” You can then use a coordinate system while you are teaching. Explain the pawns, knights, rooks, bishops, king, and queen. Note the differences in how each piece looks. Place the pieces on the board so the child can see the proper position.  The knight usually looks like a horse. The bishop looks like a hat. The king is the most important piece because the object of the game is to capture the opponent’s king. Point out the difference in the shape of the queen and king pieces Rooks are also called castles. Go through each piece and explain how each piece moves on the board. Make sure the child understands a piece before you move on to the next.  A pawn can move two spaces from its starting position, but only one space after that. A pawn can only capture a piece when it moves diagonally and can never move backwards. A knight is the only piece that can jump over another piece. It moves in an “L” shape. It can move 2 spaces horizontally and then one space vertically, or it can move 2 spaces vertically and then one space horizontally. The bishop can move diagonally and any number of squares. Rooks can move any number of squares forwards, backwards, or horizontally. The rook cannot move diagonally. The queen can move in any direction and any number of squares. It is one of the most powerful pieces. The king can move one space in any direction, but two kings can never be side by side. Set up a chess board with all of the pieces. Your child should be able to identify each piece by name. Once they have the names down, begin to focus on the movement each piece makes. If you are using the coordinates method, this is how the chess board should be set...

Summary in Russian:

Познакомьте ребенка с шахматной доской. Приступите к изучению фигур. Продолжите описание фигур. Расставьте на доске все фигуры.


Article in English: A chess champion studies opening strategies and finds new and creative ways to defend them. A champion football player exhausts himself in the front yard doing bunny hops to improve his speed and agility, instead of playing Madden on Xbox. A champion chemist forgets to eat dinner because the new issue of Science is too compelling. A champion lives and breathes the field for which they have talent. Study the competition and study your competitors. Professional athletes devote countless hours each week to studying film of their next week's opponents, dissecting the strategies the other team will employ, the techniques they'll use, and the abilities of the athletes. Businessmen at all levels make a point of studying the sales strategies and the product quality of their competitors as a way of improving their own. For every Michael Jordan there is a Phil Jackson. For every Messi a Maradona. Champions need great coaches, teachers, and motivators to keep them succeeding at a high level. If you're going to be a champion, you'll need help along the way.  Athletes should consult good exercise trainers and coaches, as well as good weightlifting trainers, fitness and rehab doctors, and often diet coaches to stay fit and healthy. Look for coaches that you can build a relationship with on a personal level to make your training as enjoyable as possible. If you look forward to sessions with your coach, you'll be a better and more receptive student. Learn to take negative feedback and motivate you to improve. If a coach tells you that you're doing drills like a grandmother, you could collapse and complain, or you could kick it into high gear. Even if you were working hard, is it such a bad thing to go faster? If you're a champion, you'll say no. If you want to be a champion–to be the absolute best at what you do–it's important to devote time to training for that championship each and every day. You need to actively work on building skills, studying the game, and making yourself the best. Train like a champion and you'll be a...

Summary in Russian:

Станьте новичком в игре. Разыщите грамотных учителей и учитесь у них столько, сколько вы сможете. Соблюдайте строгий тренировочный режим. Тренируйте свое тело и ум. Ищите новые способы для самомотивации. Приучайте себя к дисциплине и поощряйте себя.


Article in English: A child can be impacted by a traumatic event but keep it bottled up inside out of a misguided need to be strong or courageous for family, or fear of upsetting others. They should have opportunities to talk about their feelings about the event, and they should also have opportunities to do fun things completely unrelated to it.  Tell your child that they can come to you if they have fears, questions, or things they want to talk about. If your child does so, give them your full attention and validate their feelings.  If the traumatic event made the news (e.g. a school shooting or natural disaster), reduce your child's exposure to media sources, and monitor their use of the internet and TV. Repeated exposure to the event on the news can make it harder for the child to recover.  Providing emotional support can reduce your child's risk of developing trauma, or make the trauma less severe than it could have been. Some children may not give evidence for being upset for several weeks or even months. Avoid rushing a child to explore and express their feelings. It can take time for some children to process what has happened. The responses, reactions and abilities of those immediately responsible for a child influence the child's ability to cope with a traumatic occurrence. While your love and support is very helpful, sometimes children need more than this to help them recover from terrifying events. Don't be afraid to seek help for your child. The types of therapy likely to assist recovery for your child include psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, cognitive-behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).  If the traumatic event happened to multiple family members, or if you think the family could use help, look into family therapy. While it is only natural for you to want to try to be the support for your child, going it alone will make it harder on you, especially if you have also experienced the traumatic event. Your child will pick up on it if you're distressed or scared, and...

Summary in Russian:

Следует понимать, что отсутствие всех или некоторых вышеописанных симптомов не означает, что ребенок успешно справился с травмой. Исходите из представления, что ребенку требуется особое внимание и забота, если он пережил травмирующее событие. Будьте настороже, даже если признаки травмы не проявились сразу после события. Обратитесь за помощью при первых признаках психологической травмы. Запишите ребенка к психологу, если ему не удается справиться с проблемой. Выберите подходящий вариант терапии. Не пытайтесь решить проблему самостоятельно. Поощряйте взаимодействия ребенка с другими людьми. Проявляйте заботу о здоровье ребенка. Всегда будьте рядом.


Article in English: A child who has dyslexia may find it hard to read clocks, or to use typical written schedules. Try using picture schedules to help the child know what the day will bring. These can be hand-drawn, downloaded and printed from online sources, or found in an app of a smartphone.  Consider setting a phone alarm to provide additional reminders for time management. Set a limit on the time the student should expect to spend on homework, as a student who has dyslexia may spend more time than his peers on the same material. Since sequencing is difficult for most people with dyslexia, you can help support them by showing them the smaller steps that make up a larger task. Use checklists, or picture lists for younger students.  For example, providing a "homework checklist" which includes not only the pages to be read, and worksheets to be completed, but also steps like "get pen or pencil", "write your name on the top of the page," and "put homework in school folder when finished." If the student's visual memory is poor, rote copying will not be an effective way of learning. Instead, offer notes or handouts to help the student learn the information. Folders or binders with pockets to help a student organize his materials. Use color-coding, which supports separating the materials into different subjects.  Keep pens and pencils in a packet within the notebook for easy access. It can be a good idea to check and make sure that a student with dyslexia has the homework assignment written down correctly, and placed in the same position within his notebook every night. Consider providing a homework checklist to help with organization. Automated processes, the kind of rote memorization that allows for easy access to familiar activities, is often more challenging for someone with dyslexia. Poor memory recall is one of the hallmarks of the dyslexia. A better way of learning is to teach a person with dyslexia to rely on models that can provide a framework for effective learning.  An example of such a framework is the rule “I before E...

Summary in Russian:

Чтобы лучше организовать свое время, сделайте визуальные напоминания. Разбивайте большие задачи на более мелкие пункты. Чтобы помочь ребенку организовать свои вещи, купите ему специальные папки. Помогите ребенку с дислексией создать модель, по которой он сможет учиться. Можно купить электронную «читалку».


Article in English: A chopper or blender will also work, but a food processor may be easiest to work with for this amount of garlic. Continue to puree them until you are left with a thick, creamy liquid. You should see few, if any, distinct "chunks" of garlic.

Summary in Russian:

Положите очищенные зубчики чеснока в комбайн. Пюре выдавливайте на средней и высокой скорости.


Article in English: A chord is three or more notes. Complex chords may have many notes, but you need a minimum of three.  The chords discussed here will all be composed of three notes: a root, a third and a fifth. Every major chord is built on a note called the tonic, or root of the chord.  This is the note that the chord is named after and will be the lowest note in the chord.  For a C major chord, C is the tonic.  It will be the bottom note of your chord. You will play the tonic note with your thumb in your right hand, or with your pinkie in your left hand. The second note in a major chord is the major third, which gives the chord its character.  It will be four semitones, or half-steps, above the root.  It is called a third because when you play a scale in that key, it will be the third note that you hit.   For a C major chord, E is the third.  It is four half steps above C.  You can count them on your piano (C#, D, D#, E). You will play the third with your middle finger, regardless of which hand you’re using. Try playing the root and the third together, to get a sense of how that interval is supposed to sound. The top note in a major chord is called the fifth because if you play a scale it will be the fifth note that you hit.  It anchors the chord and makes it complete.  It is seven semi-tones above the root.  For a C major chord, G is the fifth.  You can count the seven semi-tones up from the root on your piano. (C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G.) You play the fifth with your pinkie in your right hand, or your thumb in your left. All notes can be written at least two different ways, for example Eb and D# are the same note.  Therefore, an Eb major chord would sound the same as D# major chord.   The notes Eb, G, Bb create an Eb chord. The notes D#, F𝄪 (F##), A# create a D# Major chord, which sounds exactly like an Eb chord. The two chords are called enharmonic equivalents because they sound exactly the same but are written differently.  A few of the common enharmonic equivalents are noted below, but otherwise the article presents only...

Summary in Russian:

Поймите, что такое аккорд. Найдите основной тон аккорда. Найдите мажорную терцию. Найдите квинту. Следует понять, что существует, по меньшей мере, два способа обозначать аккорд.


Article in English: A cigar punch just punches a hole through the head of the cigar. There are, however, three different kinds of cigar punches available:  Bullet punch: Fits on a keychain, it twists to expose a circular blade that cuts into the head of the cigar. Havana punch: Safer than a bullet punch, it has a recessed tip that can be fitted into the cigar head, and which draws out the tobacco plug after a cut is made. Multi-punch: Offers more sizes for punching different sizes of cigars.  the cut portion will come out as well.

Summary in Russian:

Возьмите сигарный пробойник. Выберите пробойник подходящего размера, если можете, и введите лезвие в головку. Как только лезвие вставлено в головку, прокрутите его вокруг своей оси, чтобы сделать круговой вырез, затем вынимайте лезвие.


Article in English: A clam shell that is open when you receive it or opens easily by hand is typically dead. Keep the living clams and throw away any dead clams. Using a stiff brush, scrub the shell of each clam under cold, running water. This will rid the shell of any residual salt and sand. Though you don't have to do this, it will help loosen up the clams a bit before you try to shuck them and will make the entire process easier. Here's how you do it:  Pour 1 gallon (3.8 L) of water into a large bowl. Add 1/3 cup (78.86 ml) of salt to the gallon of water. Stir until the salt is completely dissolved into the water. Place all your cleaned clams in the water/salt mixture. Let the clams soak for 20 minutes. Drain water/salt mixture. Repeat the process of soaking your clams in a water/salt mixture 2 more times. Place all the clams on a tray and them put them in the refrigerator for an hour. This will help relax the clams and make it easier to open their shells.

Summary in Russian:

Убедитесь, что вы используете только живых моллюсков. Промойте моллюсков. Замочите моллюсков. Охладите моллюсков.


Article in English: A clarifying shampoo is designed to strip residue from your hair, so you can use it to strip color from your brows. Be very careful not to get the shampoo in your eyes, though! Use an eyebrow brush or a new toothbrush to brush a clarifying shampoo onto your eyebrows. After 60 seconds, wipe it off, then wash your face as usual to remove any residue. Combine 1 part baking soda and 1 part of your usual shampoo in a small bowl. Stir the mixture until it forms a thick paste. Use a foundation brush to apply this paste to your eyebrows. After a couple of minutes, carefully rinse the paste off, making sure not to get it in your eyes. You can repeat this process, if necessary. In the morning, squeeze a little lemon juice onto a cotton pad and wipe it onto your brows. Be careful not to get the lemon juice into your eyes! Let the lemon juice stay on your eyebrows until you cleanse your face that night. Spend some time outside while the lemon juice is on your brows, as the sun will increase the lightening effect. Pick up a facial toner, like witch hazel, from your supermarket or beauty shop. Squirt a little bit of the toner on a cotton pad, then gently wipe your brows with the cotton pad to lighten the tint. You can repeat this process as many times as is necessary, but keep in mind that if your toner contains alcohol, it may dry out your skin. Choose a colored brow gel at least one shade lighter than the tint. Use an eyebrow brush to lightly sweep the gel over your eyebrows. Make sure you comb through the entire brow so they get an even coloring. Allow the gel to dry, then repeat if you’d like to further lighten the appearance of your brows. It’s best to have an expert do this for you, rather than trying it yourself. Go to a beauty or hair salon and ask a stylist to apply facial bleach, which is first-aid-strength hydrogen peroxide, to your brows in order to lighten them. Your stylist will likely put a few drops of the bleach on a cotton pad, then lightly wipe your eyebrows with the pad to remove the tint. Make sure the...

Summary in Russian:

Потрите брови осветляющим шампунем. Нанесите пасту из равных частей пищевой соды и шампуня. Нанесите на брови лимонный сок. Протрите брови тоником для лица. Попробуйте осветлить волоски гелем для бровей. Используйте отбеливатель для лица только в крайнем случае.


Article in English: A classic fix-me-up for most ailments, drinking water regularly throughout your day will have you feeling peppy in no time. Oftentimes those feelings of fatigue and lethargy are due to nothing more than basic dehydration. Drink a glass of water as soon as you wake up in the morning to start up your metabolism, and continue drinking several glasses throughout the day. Rolling groggily out of bed in the morning after hitting snooze for the fifth time means you’ll probably be on your way to starting your day with a meager  breakfast, if any. Doing so will keep your metabolism in sloth-mode, making you slow to start most anything throughout the day. Force yourself to get up a bit earlier if necessary, and take the time to eat a complete breakfast. The nutrients will energize you throughout the day, making sacrificing your snooze button worth it. Similar to suffering from a bout of dehydration, exhaustion may be your body telling you that it’s hungry and needs energy in the form of food. Rather than complying with the socially dictated three large meals a day, try to eat 5-7 smaller meals throughout the day. This will keep your blood sugar levels from plummeting, and provide your body with more vitamins and nutrients that it needs to stay focused. Getting on your feet and moving around can seem even more difficult when mid-afternoon drowsiness has a solid hold on you, but adding physical activity to your routine will limit your exhaustion. Work out for at least ten minutes a day, even if all you do is take a brisk walk outdoors. Getting your blood circulating and a breath of fresh air will have you pumped and ready in no time. There’s a reason you’re more sluggish in the winter; exposure to sunlight increases your vitamin D levels, which give you a boost of energy. If you’re lucky enough to have good weather, head outside for a brief reprieve from your lethargic work indoors. Kill two birds with one stone, and do your exercising outdoors as well! Ashwagandha is an herb that can be taken as a daily supplement. It...

Summary in Russian:

Пейте больше воды. Завтракайте. Ешьте чаще. Чаще занимайтесь физическими упражнениями. Принимайте солнечные ванны. Попробуйте принимать ашваганду. Отрегулируйте ваш сон.


Article in English: A classic ponytail is a quick, easy hairstyle for little girls. However, ponytails can be a little boring, so here are some tips on how to jazz them up:    Cover the hair tie: Cover up the hair tie by taking a strand of hair from underneath the ponytail and wrapping it around the hair tie. Secure with a couple of bobby pins.  Do a quiff: Before you put her hair into a ponytail, separate a section from above her forehead (where her bangs would be). Put the hair into a sleek ponytail, leaving this front section free. Lift the front section and start teasing it at the back, until you have a lot of volume. Then twist the ends and pin them on top of the head with some bobby pins. She now has a cute quiff hairstyle.  Add accessories: Rather than do anything with the ponytail itself, you should think about adding some accessories like ribbons, hair bows and fake or fresh flowers to the hairstyle. You can make adorable homemade hair bows for fraction of the store price using just a little ribbon and hot glue. A ballerina bun is a pretty, elegant hairstyle which looks great for parties and events but will also keep your little girl's hair out of her face if she's dancing, skating or playing sports.   To make a ballerina bun, first curl all of her hair underneath. You can do this very quickly by curling large chunks of hair at a time and just focusing on the ends. Then make a high ponytail on the crown of her head and secure with an elastic. Use a comb to tease the hair (backcomb) to give it volume. Twist the backcombed hair and wrap it around the base of the ponytail to form a bun on top of the head. Use bobby pins to secure the base of the bun to her head. Spritz the bun with some hairspray to smooth any fly-aways.  Alternatively, you can use a doughnut-shaped bun foundation (available in beauty supply stores) to make a perfect bun. Simply slip the ponytail through the center of the ring, then spread the hair evenly around the bun foundation and secure with an elastic. Tuck in any loose ends and secure with bobby...

Summary in Russian:

Сделайте классический хвост. Сделайте пучок балерины. Сделайте два хвостика. Сделайте корону из завитков. Сделайте хвосты зигзагом. Сделайте пучок в форме бантика.


Article in English: A classic way to hint at a particular problem is to act as if you have the problem yourself.  This is a great way to bring up the topic of bad breath to someone, especially to a person that you are not very close with, because it is a non-confrontational way to make them think about their own breath.  Start the conversation by saying:  “I’m going to go grab some water, I feel like my breath is terrible.” “Is it just me or does my breath smell?” “Can you smell my breath?  I feel like it’s noticeable.” Another subtle way at hinting to a person that they have bad breath is to offer the person a mint, stick of gum, or some water (since dry mouth can also cause bad breath) and see if they take the hint.  For a natural transition, try taking a mint first and then offering one to them so you’re both included in the transaction. Etiquette experts agree that if you offer someone a breath aid and they turn it down, it’s perfectly acceptable to nudge them into accepting with a kind “I think you should.”  It’s a delicate way to let them know that you offered the aid in the first place as a hint.  If they still don’t get it, have another friend or coworker try! If the person with offending breath has this problem often, their chronic bad breath may be caused by poor dental hygiene and not just their food choices or use of tobacco products.  If it is an infrequent problem, the person just might not have considered bringing a toothbrush for midday cleanings.  Either way, try showing them good techniques:  After lunch say, “I’m going to go to the restroom quickly and brush my teeth; that dressing had so much garlic in it!” Show them or talk about how you always keep floss and mouthwash in your desk because you cannot stand having bad breath. If you’re close with the person, try saying “Would it be weird if I flossed my teeth right now? I feel like my breath is terrible, and it’s driving me nuts.”

Summary in Russian:

Представьте, что это у вас неприятный запах изо рта. Предложите этому человеку что-нибудь для свежести дыхания. Если человек откажется от жевательной резинки или мятной конфетки, попробуйте настоять на том, что ему необходимо ее попробовать. Проводя время с этим человеком, всегда старайтесь следить за своей гигиеной.


Article in English: A clean tank will ensure your fish recovers properly from fin rot and prevent the development of fin rot in the future. Get into the habit of cleaning the tank regularly.  If you have a one gallon tank, you should change the water every three days. A 2.5 gallon tank should be changed every four to five days and a 5 gallon tank should be changed every seven days.  If your tank is uncycled, you should do a 100% water change every time you clean the tank. Wash all the tank accessories and the gravel as well. Add aquarium salt to the water after every cleaning to keep the tank water healthy and monitor the pH of the tank so it is comfortable for your fish. Though it may be tempting to fill your tank with lots of fish, overcrowding can lead to high stress levels and a higher risk of disease for your fish. Make sure your fish are compatible with each other and have more than enough room to swim around and interact in a healthy way.  If you start to notice that certain fish are nipping or biting at each other, this may be a sign that your tank is overcrowded. You may need to remove several fish from the tank or isolate one fish who seems to be acting aggressive towards the other fish. Certain fish are known to be fin nippers, including tiger barbs, serpae tetras, and black widow tetras. Angelfish and catfish can be fin nippers as well as pufferfish and targetfish. If you have any of these fish in your tank, keep an eye on them and separate them from other more vulnerable fish, like guppies. Try to give your fish a varied diet of high quality food and stick to a consistent feeding schedule. Overfeeding and underfeeding your fish can lead to a poor immune system and put your fish at a higher risk of diseases. Giving your fish too much food can also introduce too much bacteria into the tank, as uneaten food will float around in the water and increase the concentration of bacteria in the tank.

Summary in Russian:

Содержите аквариум в чистоте и раз в неделю меняйте воду. Следите, чтобы аквариум не был перенаселен. Давайте рыбкам высококачественный корм.


Article in English: A cleanable air filter is advertised as “washable,” “permanent,” and/or “reusable.” Don’t wash paper or otherwise disposable air filters. Avoid vacuuming them as well.  Washing disposable air filters can actually clog them, as well as cause mold. Disposable filters can tear under the pressure of vacuuming or compressed air. At a low pressure, this may work temporarily, but it’s not a long-term solution. Clean or change your filter every 12,000 to 15,000 miles, or more often if you travel on dusty roads or in polluted areas. Examine your air filter under a bright light. Clean or change the filter if it’s darkened or clogged with debris.  Disposable filters should be replaced, whereas permanent filters can be vacuumed or washed. If you don’t change your air filter as needed, you may notice a decrease in your gas mileage, ignition problems, or fouled spark plugs. Clean or change your filter every three months, and more frequently in-season. Clean or change the furnace filter monthly during the heating season. Clean or replace your central air filter every month or two in the cooling season.  If your filter is disposable, replace it. If it’s reusable, you can vacuum or wash it. More frequent changing is needed if your filter is exposed to a lot of dust or pet hair. Failing to clean your air filters in the home can cause HVAC failure or even fire.

Summary in Russian:

Замените одноразовые воздушные фильтры. Регулярно чистите или меняйте воздушный фильтр автомобиля. Регулярно чистите или меняйте воздушный фильтр в доме.


Article in English: A clicker is a small plastic "box" with a retractable metal tongue, which can be used as an aid in behavior training. A trainer holds the clicker in the palm of her hand and rapidly presses the button, causing a clicking sound, and the dog becomes conditioned to hearing a clicker every time he does something good. Training clickers can be purchased at many pet stores and online. The clicker should only be used when your dog is behaving the way you want him to, and it should be activated immediately, in response to his good behavior. You want your dog to associate his good behavior (in this case, not chasing the cat) with the sound of your clicker. The final component in clicker training is giving your dog a treat immediately after the click. Response time is imperative, as your dog needs to associate his good behavior with the clicking sound, and the clicking sound with a treat. As you progress in your training, you may want to gradually incorporate an added challenge wherein you mimic the cat's movement. This will help your dog more easily adjust to the real scenarios that may arise as your dog and cat adjust to one another.  While he is paying attention to you, begin to suddenly move backwards at a rapid pace.  Stop suddenly. If your dog stops and sits rather than chasing you, use the clicker and give him a reward. He won't learn a new way to behave overnight. But with time, your dog will learn to complete part of the task you're trying to teach (in this case, not chasing after cats). It's important to reward even partial progress, or steps, towards meeting that goal, because in order to break your dog's instinctual behavior you are, essentially, breaking down the components of that behavior. Any time your dog starts to chase the cat but stops, use the clicker and give him a reward. Eventually he should be able to break the habit of chasing cats altogether.

Summary in Russian:

Купите кликер для дрессировки. Приучите собаку к кликеру. Сразу же вознаградите собаку. Имитируйте движения кошки. Оцените прогресс.


Article in English: A clicker is a small plastic box that contains a strip of stiff metal. When pressed, the metal makes a distinctive "click-clack" noise. Clickers can be obtained in most pet stores.  The theory behind clicker training is that the cat will learn to link a sound (click-clack) with a reward (tasty treat). The nice thing about a clicker is that it is a distinct sound which is only associated with a reward. Thus, the cat is much more likely to respond.  Although you can train a cat using just words, it can be more difficult. Because you use words in everyday speech not directed at your cat, the cat probably won't pay a lot of attention to them. Furthermore, if you use a command word such as "shake," the cat will likely hear the word in other contexts and not know when it is expected to respond. Cats can be picky eaters, and a treat that one cat enjoys may be of little interest to another. Training will go faster and more easily if you determine in advance what kinds of treats your cat enjoys most. You may want to try buying a small amount of several different cat treats to try them out and see what your cat likes best. The ideal time for a clicker session is when the cat is relaxed but not asleep, and sitting near you. You can start any time when the cat is paying attention. If your cat has just woken up, it may be groggy. If this is the case, give the cat five minutes or so before you begin training. Once the cat looks alert, press the clicker and give it a treat. Repeat this several times over a period of about five minutes. Cats only  have a short attention span, so don't try to continue your clicker session beyond about five minutes. Later in the day, or the next day, do another clicker session. Continue repeating these sessions regularly until your cat associates the sound of the clicker with a treat.  Each cat learns at a different pace, but most will figure out the link between the clicker and the treat after two or three five-minute sessions. Be consistent, repeating the clicker session once or twice a day,...

Summary in Russian:

Приобретите кликер. Определите, какое лакомство нравится вашему коту больше всего. Выберете время для тренировок. Тренируйте питомца, используя кликер. Повторите занятие.


Article in English: A clicker, which is available at your local pet store, is a small, handheld plastic device with a button or small metal tongue that you press down on to make a clicking noise. The key to using a clicker is to use it at the  exact  moment that your dog performs the expected behavior. The sound of a click should always be followed by some type of reward (eg, food, toys, verbal praise).  Keep in mind that the clicker is the signal that a reward is coming, rather than being the reward itself. With the clicker, your dog will learn two main things–the exact moment that he is doing the right thing, and that a treat always comes after the click. The clicker can be a much more precise method than verbal cues ("good" or "thanks") to communicate with your dog during a training session. This can help speed up the pace of training.  You could think of the clicker like the winning buzzer on a game show–the noise signals the exact moment that the correct behavior or action is being performed. Some dogs may be sensitive to the sound of the clicker. If your dog runs away when he hears the clicker, the sound is probably a little too harsh for him. To soften the sound, you could wrap a towel around the clicker. You could also use a different clicking device, such as a ballpoint pen, that would have a quieter clicking sound. If he continues to run away from the clicking noise, you will probably need to rely more on verbal cues to train him.

Summary in Russian:

Научитесь использовать кликер. Наблюдайте за реакцией собаки на звук щелчка кликера.


Article in English: A client is always allowed to fire an attorney at will, but it's not a decision that should be made lightly. Even if you don't like your attorney or don't think they're doing an excellent job, it might be worth having them finish work that's currently in progress, since firing them could be disruptive and detrimental to your case. When you're making this decision, be sure that firing your attorney will actually give you the results you want in the long run.  If your attorney has already spent a lot of time on your case, it's going to be difficult for another attorney to pick up where he or she left off. It might be hard to find a new attorney who's interested in taking on your case. This is especially true if the case comes with a big lien attached. Unless the new attorney stands to win a lot of money, he or she won't have much incentive to take you on as a client. Other attorneys may also be reluctant to take your case if they see you as a "problem client." This won't be an issue if you have a great reason to fire your attorney, like if he or she has completely dropped the ball, but firing someone because you simply don't like their personality could make it difficult to find another attorney willing to take you on as a client. Another thing to keep in mind is that depending on your case and the agreement you have with your attorney, you may still end up having to pay an expensive attorney's fee. The longer your attorney has been working on your case, the more you'll probably have to pay. If you hire a new attorney, you'll have new fees to pay as well. So switching attorneys mid-case can be quite expensive. However, if you have a good shot at winning, it might be worth it. Even though firing an attorney can complicate things, sometimes it's the best decision to make. If you don't think your attorney is handling your case with competence, it's important to find someone with whom you feel more comfortable. Firing your attorney might be the best way forward if any of the following circumstances apply to your...

Summary in Russian:

Тщательно обдумайте свое решение. Дайте оценку причинам, по которым вы хотите поменять адвоката. Выслушайте мнение специалиста. Выскажите свои опасения вашему адвокату.


Article in English: A client may ask you to sign paperwork or consent forms.  Before you sign, be sure to ask for a copy to share with your agent.  You do not want to sign a form that gives a photographer or client more power over your actions or images than they should have.  Similarly, do not sign a contract with an agency unless the agency and the contract both seem legitimate.  If you are not sure whether the contract is good, have an attorney or an experienced model read over it for you.  A good agent should have your best interests in mind.  She should help you navigate the legal issues in any given contract. Don't say you're skinnier than you are just to get a shoot. Once there, the stylist will have problems fitting you and the truth will come out. You could potentially lose future jobs due to word of mouth, and you could find yourself without a career! Remember that, even though you're not working in an office, you need to be professional. Treat the people you work with respectfully. You never know who they know or what sort of a recommendation they might give of you. Never look down on anyone. You may be a model, but that doesn't give you the right to be snooty, affected, or pompous.  Always show up on time to any appointment or shoot. If you're late or rude, your reputation may precede you and nobody will want to work with you. Be organized. Models often get called to places at the last minute and have very busy days. You need to be on top of things if you want to succeed. Buying a day-to-day planner can really help. Develop professional relationships with photographers. You help the photographer look great, and they will help you look great. It's a win-win situation, so be sure to treat photographers with respect. Individuals who don't take it seriously have small chances of succeeding in their modeling career. Realize that it is harder than it appears and there's a lot of work behind all the glitz and glamour you see at fashion shows. Modeling is a full time occupation that requires constant attention. One week away...

Summary in Russian:

Не подписывайте никаких документов о согласии, не посоветовавшись со своим агентом. Честно сообщайте свои размеры. Будьте профессиональны, вежливы и учтивы. Относитесь к профессии модели как к любой другой. Всегда уточняйте, будет ли на месте визажист. Подходите к работе творчески.


Article in English: A closed body position is one where her body is pointing away from you, her arms are crossed, or she is hunched over to take up less space.  Closing her body position sends signals that she is uncomfortable or nervous about something. If she is doing this consistently in a relationship, it may be a sign she's not that into you. If your girlfriend used to stand close to you with her arms down or on her hips, but now she turns away and crosses her arms when you talk, she is telling you that she isn’t interested in talking anymore. If she conveys closed body language every time you are together, it is probably time to rethink your relationship because she might be wanting to end it. Eye contact is an important factor in body language and can convey a person’s emotions.  If your girlfriend keeps her eyes locked onto yours while you talk then no problem, but if you find her avoiding eye contact, something may be wrong. If she darts her eyes around, looking at many different things while you talk to her, it might also be a sign that she isn’t enjoying the conversation or being with you. Physical touch is one way that girls use to flirt with and show interest in a guy. Things like putting her hand on your chest, holding your hand, or brushing her fingers through your hair all show that she is interested in you.  If your relationship started with a lot of physical touch from you, but now she hardly gives any at all, it could be time to talk to her about where the relationship is going. A change in the amount of  public displays of affection, like holding hands, can also be a warning sign. When a girl isn’t interested in a guy anymore, she might stop touching him all together and go out of her way to avoid any sort of physical touch.

Summary in Russian:

Понаблюдайте за ее положением тела, когда она с вами. Обратите внимание на зрительный контакт с вашей девушкой. Обратите внимание на прикосновения.


Article in English: A club must be active in order to be successful! Make sure you meet regularly, whether that’s five days a week or once a month. Encourage every member to attend the meetings. It’s also a good idea to create a clear agenda for each meeting so that you stay on track and complete any tasks or goals you create. Be sure to give every member an equal opportunity to speak during meetings. You may also want to assign each member small tasks to help them feel involved and invested in the club. Being part of a club means feeling included! It’s a good idea to send out a brief synopsis of each meeting to members who aren’t able to make it. Or, you could post updates on your club forum or social media page. You could even create a weekly or monthly newsletter that updates members on new developments. Encourage discussion between members outside of meetings through phone, email, forums, and social media. Ask your members to advertise the club to their family, friends, classmates, and coworkers. Word of mouth is a great way to find new members! Post or pass out flyers that advertise your club around your community. Be sure to include the date, time, and location of the next meeting or your contact information so people can learn more.  You can also continue to post ads on classified and social media sites to find people who are interested in joining the club.

Summary in Russian:

Проводите встречи на регулярной основе. Оставайтесь на связи с участниками. Продолжайте искать новых участников.


Article in English: A coarse sugar scrub can irritate and even tear sensitive skin. Smaller sugar granules are gentler and less abrasive.  Brown sugar is one of the softest sugars and works well on your face and body.  Turbinado sugar (also known as raw sugar) tends to have larger particles so if you see it as an ingredient, be aware that it’s a rougher scrub. While sugar is naturally a humectant (meaning it locks in moisture), some scrubs are more moisturizing than others. Choose one with skin-replenishing ingredients like hyaluronic acid, coconut or avocado oil, glycerin, or essential oils if your skin is prone to dehydration. Look for scrubs that include essential oils to match your needs. For example, if you're stressed out, a lavender scent is calming. And if you're feeling fatigued, lemon or peppermint scents are energizing. Other popular aromatherapy scents include eucalyptus for clearing your sinuses, patchouli for soothing anxiety, and rosemary for increasing concentration. Using basic ingredients from your pantry like olive oil, honey, and brown sugar, you can DIY a sugar scrub at home. Whipping up your own sugar scrub means you can control exactly what goes in it, thus avoiding any chemicals or additives that could be harmful to you or the environment.

Summary in Russian:

Ищите скраб с мелкими частицами. Выберите увлажняющий скраб, если у вас сухая кожа. Выберите аромат, основываясь на его терапевтических свойствах. Сделайте собственный скраб, если покупной вам не по карману.


Article in English: A coat of your concealer will help to secure your lipstick and make its colors more vivid. Try liquid concealer under glossy lipsticks, and powder under matte lipsticks. A thorough coat of lip liner will help your lipstick cling in place. Use a nude shade of lip liner if you'll be applying sheer or neutral lipstick, or try to match the liner to the color lipstick you'll be wearing. Coat your whole pout with lip liner, but avoid filling in your "inner lips" where the teeth naturally hits the lip. Apply your lipstick evenly and within the lip lines. Blot your lips with a tissue to remove excess oils from your first coat, and add a second coat of lipstick to the outer two-thirds of your lips. In addition to providing more vivid colors, a second coat will provide longer-lasting coverage. Form an O with your mouth around your finger, and gently slide your finger straight out of your mouth. This step will remove any lip color remaining on your inner lips, keeping your teeth pearly white. Smile in the mirror and check your teeth for any lingering color. If you see any lipstick, gently rub it away with your pinky finger.

Summary in Russian:

Нанесите на губы консилер или пудру. Обведите губы контурным карандашом для губ. Кистью нанесите помаду на губы внутри контуров. Поместите палец в рот, чтобы снять с губ лишнюю помаду. Проверьте свою улыбку.


Article in English: A coefficient is a number in front of the radical sign. To do this, just ignore the radical sign and radicand, and multiply the two whole numbers. Place their product in front of the first radical sign.  Pay attention to positive and negative signs when multiplying coefficients. Don't forget that a negative times a positive is a negative, and a negative times a negative is a positive. For example, if you are calculating 32×26{\displaystyle 3{\sqrt {2}}\times 2{\sqrt {6}}}, you would first calculate 3×2=6{\displaystyle 3\times 2=6}. So now your problem is 62×6{\displaystyle 6{\sqrt {2}}\times {\sqrt {6}}}. To do this, multiply the numbers as if they were whole numbers. Make sure to keep the product under the radical sign. For example, if the problem is now 62×6{\displaystyle 6{\sqrt {2}}\times {\sqrt {6}}}, to find the product of the radicands, you would calculate 2×6=12{\displaystyle 2\times 6=12}, so 2×6=12{\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}\times {\sqrt {6}}={\sqrt {12}}}. The problem now becomes 612{\displaystyle 6{\sqrt {12}}}. You need to do this to simplify your answer. If you cannot pull out a perfect square, your answer is already simplified and you can skip this step.  A perfect square is the result of multiplying an integer (a positive or negative whole number) by itself. For example, 4 is a perfect square, because 2×2=4{\displaystyle 2\times 2=4}. For example, 12{\displaystyle {\sqrt {12}}} can be factored to pull out the perfect square 4:12{\displaystyle {\sqrt {12}}}=4×3{\displaystyle {\sqrt {4\times 3}}} Keep the other factor under the radicand. This will give you your simplified expression. For example, 612{\displaystyle 6{\sqrt {12}}} can be factored as 64×3{\displaystyle 6{\sqrt {4\times 3}}}, so you would pull out the square root of 4 (which is 2) and multiply it by 6:612{\displaystyle 6{\sqrt {12}}}= 64×3{\displaystyle 6{\sqrt {4\times 3}}}= 6×23{\displaystyle 6\times 2{\sqrt {3}}}= 123{\displaystyle 12{\sqrt {3}}}

Summary in Russian:

Перемножьте множители. Перемножьте подкоренные числа. Вынесите множитель из-под корня. Извлеките квадратный корень из полного квадрата, а результат умножьте на множитель, стоящий перед знаком корня.


Article in English: A cold-hardy vegetable, horseradish reaches its peak in size and flavor after it has been through a frost, so wait until late fall to harvest horseradish crops. It usually takes around one year for a horseradish plant to reach maturity after its initial planting, so if you first planted the root in fall it should be ready to harvest by the following fall.  The growing season for horseradish is one year from fall to fall. A harsh frost will often kill off the foliage that grows at the crown of the plant. This is a good way to know when the horseradish is ready to be pulled.

Summary in Russian:

Подождите до середины или конца осени и только потом начинайте уборку хрена.


Article in English: A colicky baby wails loudly, and the cries often start without warning and come in waves. You will likely find yourself unable to comfort your baby during these crying fits. Many babies suffering from colic stretch their legs out or pull their feet up under their bodies, as though trying to ease a cramp. They may also clench their fists so tightly that they start to shake. If gas is causing your baby's colic, his or her stomach may become slightly enlarged. Many colicky babies have notably loud rumbling stomachs. If the amount seems especially large during his or her crying fits, there is a good chance your baby is suffering from colic. Other conditions, such as a twist in the intestine or a hernia, may create similar symptoms. If your pediatrician rules these conditions out, the doctor may feel more confident in diagnosing your baby with colic.

Summary in Russian:

Будьте готовы к интенсивным приступам плача. Следите за языком тела младенцев. Проверьте живот малыша. Прислушайтесь к тому, что происходит в желудке у ребенка. Обращайте внимание, в каком объеме ребенок освобождается от газов. Попросите врача исключить другие возможные варианты, такие как перекручивание кишечника или грыжу, поскольку они обладают сходными симптомами.


Article in English: A collage can be about anything you want. Paper gives you no shortage of different options, so it’s about whatever sparks your creativity. Perhaps you feel like collecting pictures of your favorite actor or want to make a message out of words cut from magazines. You could also arrange old photos to make a collage about your family, for instance.  There aren’t many limits to what you can do. For example, you could cut out small pieces of paper and arrange them so they form a bigger image. One option is to find an image that really speaks to you and design the rest of the collage around it. Choose something thick to serve as a background for your collage. Thicker paper is less likely to fall apart after you add glue to it. Stick with a white background in order to avoid color contrasts with any pictures you plan on using.  Some background materials to consider include cardboard, cardstock, construction paper, and canvas. Anything thick and flat usually holds up well. You could even use something like a picture frame. Skip glossy paper like watercolor art paper. The material is more expensive and doesn’t hold up under glue as well. Since your collage probably contains several layers of glue, it needs plenty of time to dry. Come back the next day and take a look at your work. If the paper is dry and the decorations stay in place, your collage is set and ready to be put on display.  For a small collage, an hour is often enough drying time. If you think the glue still looks wet, give it more drying time to be sure. If you made a large collage, point a fan at it. The air blown on a low setting encourages the glue to dry a little faster.

Summary in Russian:

Выберите главный элемент коллажа или его тему. Выберите плотную бумагу в качестве основы для коллажа. Оставьте коллаж в покое на ночь, чтобы дать клею высохнуть.


Article in English: A color wheel is a disk divided into colored sections in the order of the rainbow. It contains primary, secondary, and tertiary colors. Primary colors include red, blue, and yellow, while secondary colors are orange, green, and purple. The tertiary colors are those found between the primary and secondary on the color wheel.

Summary in Russian:

Рассмотрите цветовой круг.


Article in English: A color wheel presents the primary colors of red, yellow and blue, as well as all of the colors created by combining these primary colors to create others.  There are basic color wheels which use only the primary and secondary colors.  Consider using an advanced wheel which includes various tints, hues and shades. In order to identify the complimentary color, you need to start with the exact placement of your blue paint on the color wheel.  Don’t  judge the hue based on the title of the paint.  Rather, apply the paint to a small bit of white paper and allow it to dry.  Compare this color to the color wheel and match the hue to the most accurate section of the wheel. A complimentary color is the color directly across the wheel from the blue you have identified.  This should be some version of orange and is the color you will mix with your blue to darken it.  A good place to start would be mixing Burnt Sienna with Ultramarine Blue. Another possible color combination is Cadmium Orange and Cobalt Blue.

Summary in Russian:

Распечатайте цветовой круг. Найдите на цветовом круге точный оттенок имеющегося у вас синего. Определите, какой оттенок оранжевого дополняет ваш синий.


Article in English: A colored pencil eraser can be bought at most stores: dollar stores, an arts and crafts store, etc.  You should not need to pay more than about five dollars for a colored pencil eraser. A colored pencil eraser should work on all types and brands of colored pencil. It is best to test an erasing method before starting to erase large portions. Erasing can cause streaking. By testing first, you can ensure that you will not ruin your picture.  Rub gently in a small circle to test. If you notice streaking, rub more gently. If you notice streaking, consider trying another method. Try to choose a peripheral spot to test the eraser. If it does smear or streak, you do not want it to ruin the central part of your image. Rub gently; colored-in portions of paper are more fragile than paper you've simply written on.  Be careful, colored pencil erasers are somewhat more firm than normal erasers. They have a rough, coarse feel to them and can tear paper. Be patient and continue to rub gently, checking your progress every few seconds. It may take some time to fully erase the colored pencil. If you get impatient and try to rub more vigorously to speed up the process, you are likely to rip the paper.

Summary in Russian:

Купите ластик для цветных карандашей. Опробуйте ластик на небольшом участке, прежде чем пытаться стереть часть рисунка. Используйте ластик для цветных карандашей так же, как и обычный.


Article in English: A comb with sturdy, widely spaced teeth is essential for combing out severe tangles. Fine combs and brushes are likely to meet too much resistance, forcing you to either pull out clumps of hair, or stop brushing. Be sure to pick a comb that doesn't have teeth so wide that smaller tangles slip through. Always comb tangled hair starting near the ends. Place the comb a few inches (several centimeters) from the end of the tangled hair, and brush downward. Repeat until that section of hair is free of tangles, then move the comb slightly higher up. Repeat until the entire length of your hair is combed. For long or thick, severely matted hair, this may take an hour or more. If you have a sensitive scalp, hold a section of your hair as you brush it. Grasp a portion of hair about the thickness of a marker or glue stick between your fingers, and give it a half-twist to keep the comb from pulling directly on your scalp. Comb this portion of hair beneath your hand, moving your grip higher once the hair below it is successfully untangled. Apply a drop of conditioner or oil to a tough knot and rub it in with your finger. This will help lubricate those hair strands further, reducing the amount they cling to each other. If a mat of hair refuses to come apart despite all your efforts, you may need to thin it out. Open a pair of scissors and hold your hair tight with your other hand. Run the bottom blade of the scissors along the underside of the mat, then gently tug at your hair to remove loose strands. If it has been weeks or months since the last time you combed your hair, cutting mats out may be your best option, as you can spend hours detangling with no results. Use a wide-toothed comb until the severe mats and tangles have been straightened out. Switch to a fine-toothed comb or a brush to remove any small knots that may remain. Rinse out any hair treatments completely once your hair is untangled. If you have tightly coiled hair, and the severe mats have separated enough to allow you to part your hair, clip each section...

Summary in Russian:

Используйте расческу с редкими зубцами. Расчесывайте, начиная с кончиков. Приподнимайте волосы, чтобы уменьшить болевые ощущения. При необходимости нанесите еще кондиционера или масла. Прореживайте неподдающиеся колтуны ножницами. Завершите процедуру, воспользовавшись расческой с частыми зубчиками или щеткой. Ополосните волосы.


Article in English: A comfortable, put-together outfit will help you feel more confident than a rumpled, stinky sweatsuit. Wash your laundry frequently and put your clothes away so you always have clean, unwrinkled clothes to wear. You don’t have to dress up, just pick things that make you feel good and that are free of stains or rips. Choose clothes that fit well; they shouldn’t be baggy and shapeless nor should they be constricting and uncomfortable. If you’re going for a natural look, don’t overdo it with tons of flashy jewelry or blinged-out accessories. Stick to simple accessories and limit it to just a few items, like a patterned scarf, simple bracelet, and bright-colored heels. Or, you could choose some dangly earrings, a neutral handbag, and patterned flats.

Summary in Russian:

Носите  чистую одежду, которая хорошо на вас сидит. Выбирайте простые аксессуары.


Article in English: A common "go-to" for letting someone down gently is telling them, "But we can still be friends!" Only tell them this if you mean it. If you have no interest in being friends, you don't have to extend the offer out of courtesy. Sometimes, going separate ways is best for both people. You might not know this person well enough to maintain a friendship, and their feelings might be raw enough to prevent developing a friendship with you. Ask yourself: what value will this friendship have for this person? What about myself? What is the best course of action for us both? Feelings do not always leave quickly, and your former date may have a hard time letting go. Without healthy boundaries, this person might keep holding out hope in a relationship. Let this person know what your limits are, and stick to them. Be direct with them if they break the boundaries. Examples of limits might be: no intimate physical contact, no asking for more dates, or no flirting. Even if you want to maintain the relationship, constantly turning the other person down may become draining. The other person might also feel emotionally exhausted and unfulfilled in your relationship. Tell the person if you'd like to spend time apart, and tell them directly why. Although this person's feelings deserve to be validated, they do not inherently deserve to be reciprocated. Avoid people who feel "entitled" to another date.

Summary in Russian:

Не говорите ему, что вы хотите быть друзьями, если на самом деле это не так. Решите, входит ли дружба в интересы каждого из вас. Сохраняйте четкие границы. Отступите, если он продолжит настаивать на втором свидании.


Article in English: A common aspect of many prayer traditions involves confronting your personal transgressions, guilt, and sins to your higher power as a means of atonement. In other words, if you're feeling guilty about something, prayer is an excellent opportunity to get it off your chest.  You don't need to make excuses for your actions or try to explain yourself. Just confront the things that you've done that you're feeling guilty about. What would you like to change about yourself? What would you like to change about your life? Ask for forgiveness. Giving up some of yourself to a higher power can be a big challenge, and an emotional experience for many people. It can be humbling to ask for forgiveness, or to admit that you need help, but it's also one of the most important parts of prayer. Another important part of prayer for many believers is to give thanks. Think about the things you have and how fortunate you are to be alive in the world. Even if you're struggling, or feeling down, focusing on the things you're thankful for can be a good way of bringing yourself back up. If it helps, come up with a list and keep it by your bedside, or on your table to reference when you pray. List the things you're thankful for. Many people pray to their god for protection, guidance, and wisdom. Many people need help. If you feel that you're struggling in the world and want to lean on your god, do it in prayer. Try to stay focused on your feelings and your emotions, not on the specific details. You're not praying to ask god to strike down your boss, who works you too hard. You're praying for protection, for strength, and for guidance. Your asking for help. Prayer isn't a request line. Praying to ask for a bigger paycheck, a new car, or some rollerblades isn't the purpose of prayer, and might even be considered insulting or blasphemous in some cultures. The purpose of prayer is not to receive material goods. The purpose of prayer is to develop a personal relationship with your god. Many religions have a detailed series of specific...

Summary in Russian:

Исповедуйтесь. Выражайте благодарность и признательность. Попросите защиты и наставничества. Сосредоточьтесь только на том, что важно. Читайте традиционные молитвы своей религии.


Article in English: A common cause of inflammation in the mouth is mouth ulcers. Mouth ulcers, also called mouth stomatitis, vary in size and shape and are caused from a variety of different factors. They can be caused from herpes (cold sores), canker sores, yeast infections, tobacco use, medications, fungal infections, injury, and some systemic illnesses. See your doctor or dentist for mouth sores that are painful and last for more than 10 day. Ulcer inflammation is painful and can last five to fourteen days. Avoiding certain types of beverages and food can help to heal the inflammation, reduce your pain, and reduce the amount of time you suffer. In order to lessen irritation, avoid hot beverages and foods as well as foods that salty, spicy, or have citrus elements. These can increase the irritation to the mouth tissue. This includes hot coffee and tea, spicy red peppers, foods with cayenne pepper or chili powder, overly salted soups and broths, and fruits such as oranges and grapefruits. Ulcers from tobacco use are called aphthous ulcers, which is also known as a canker sore. These irritations can be healed by reducing or eliminating the use of all tobacco products. If you continue to use tobacco products, the sores may take longer to heal and continue to reappear. Yeast infections of the mouth can cause thrush to the tongue, which is when the fungus candida, the fungus behind vaginal yeast infections, occurs in the mouth. Thrush can cause an inflammatory response and pain in your mouth. Thrush can also cause mouth ulcers. Healing inflammation from a yeast infection will require medication from your physician. These medications can be used in otherwise healthy adults and children for 10 to 14 days and come in lozenges, liquid, or pill form. However, children and adults with a weakened immune system require different help. Some medications, such as anti-cancer drugs, can cause mouth ulcers. These drugs kill the fast growing cells but do not specifically target cancer cells, which means they can also kill the cells in your...

Summary in Russian:

Узнайте больше о язвах во рту. Воздержитесь от употребления некоторых видов пищи и напитков. Язвы, вызванные употреблением табака. Дрожжевая инфекция. Язвы, вызванные приемом лекарств. Язвы общего типа.


Article in English: A common condition that can cause chronic coughing is post-nasal drip. This is when there is increased mucus in your nose or sinuses due to allergies or infections. This mucus drips down the back of your throat and irritates your throat, which causes you to cough reflex.  If you think this may be the cause of your cough, talk to your doctor to get treatment for the allergies or the infection. GERD, also known as acid reflux or hyperacidity, is a chronic case of heartburn where stomach acid flows back into your esophagus. This causes irritation to this area, which can make you have a chronic dry cough. Look for symptoms of GERD, such as a burning sensation in your chest that can spread along your throat, along with your cough.  If you notice these symptoms along with your cough, see your doctor about treating the GERD. This will help reduce your cough as well. Coughing can make your GERD worse, so treat your GERD as soon as you can to help make you feel better. There are a few other conditions that may cause a chronic cough. These conditions have coughing a major symptoms, but typically occur because of other medical conditions. If you fall into any of these categories, call your doctor if you have a persistent cough.These conditions include:  Chronic bronchitis, an inflammation of the bronchi which are the airways of the lungs, caused by irritants, smoke, cold air, pollution, and fumes. Congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by underlying heart problems that produces a dry, deep, persistent cough due to fluid in the lungs. People with this condition also frequently cough up mucous or sputum. The inhalation of a foreign object or chemical.  Asthma causes a chronic cough indicating that you need use an inhaler or nebulizer treatment. There are some infections that cause chronic coughing including Tuberculosis, pneumonia, whooping cough, and bronchitis. Please see your physician as soon as possible if you suspect any of these. If you are a smoker, then you may develop a cough as a result of smoking. This is a...

Summary in Russian:

Знайте признаки стекания слизи из носоглотки. Знайте, что ваш кашель может быть вызван гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью. Узнайте больше о других болезнях, которые сопровождаются хроническим кашлем. Знайте о том, что кашель может быть вызван курением. Попробуйте лечить кашель домашними средствами.


Article in English: A common goal to improve your overall health is to ditch the sugary drinks and increase water intake within reason.  This is a great goal as water is essential to your hydration and health. Increasing water consumption is a virtually free and painless way to instantly make a positive change for yourself.  Your long-term goal should be to drink about 64 oz or 2 L of clear, sugar-free fluids every day.  Ditch sweetened beverages.  Drinking more water is great, but skipping the sweetened beverages will help reduce your overall calorie intake.  Start drinking more water gradually.  Add in one glass or one bottle of water than usual.  Or, swap out one soda or one energy drink for an equivalent amount of water.  Slowly increase the amount of water you drink and decrease the number of sweetened beverages you drink. Don't drink your fruits.  Drink less fruit juice and instead get nutrients from whole fruit. You'll get the added benefit of the fruit fiber in addition to missing out on the added sugar of fruit juice. Beware of water intoxication. This is caused by drinking a large amount of water in a short time. When one is suffering from water intoxication, it brings the level of sodium (salt) to a dangerously low level. Water intoxication is a rare condition. It should be taken seriously, however, as it can have fatal results. While increasing the amount of water you drink, you can also be strategic about when you drink it. Drinking a big glass of water (about eight oz) right before a meal or snack can help decrease your appetite and how many calories you consume. Eating enough fruits and vegetables is key for a healthy lifestyle and diet, since these foods are essential sources of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  However, eating the recommended seven to nine servings of fruits and vegetables everyday may be daunting or difficult.  If you're not a big fruit or vegetable eater, make a list of your top five favorite fruits and vegetables.  Start by adding in just one serving of fruit or vegetables a day.  As you...

Summary in Russian:

Пейте больше воды. Пейте воду перед приемом пищи. Ешьте фрукты и овощи каждый день. Отдавайте предпочтение цельным злакам. Делайте здоровые перекусы. Берите с собой обед на работу.


Article in English: A common injury in falls is broken bones. Broken hips and arms are especially common in the elderly. You may experience pain or swelling. You may hear grinding, snapping, or creaking. . If you think you have broken a bone due to a fall, call EMS and contact your doctor immediately. If you are doing something that has a high risk of falling (biking, hiking, construction, manual labor, etc) make sure you wear the proper protective equipment to help minimize risk of injury. These may include helmets, knee pads, elbow pads, and mouthguards. You can hurt yourself if you wear ill-fitting equipment or use the equipment incorrectly. Know how and what to buy — and how to wear it — when doing a particular task like renovation or construction work.

Summary in Russian:

Проверьте кости. Носите защитное снаряжение. Приобретите все необходимые средства защиты.


Article in English: A common misconception about abuse is that the victim somehow “deserves” it. For example, when Chris Brown battered Rihanna, many people quickly believed that Rihanna had done something wrong to “deserve” this abuse. This is not true. It doesn't matter what you have or haven't done; nobody deserves to be abused, and abuse is always the responsibility of the person committing it. This is true for all types of abuse, not just physical abuse. Each person deserves to be treated with dignity and kindness. These hotlines can help anyone who is or thinks they might be experiencing relationship abuse. They provide trained advocates who can listen to you and help you brainstorm solutions to your situation. In the US, you can contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline for free 24/7 at 1-800-799-SAFE. You can also contact the LoveIsRespect hotline, specifically for teens, at 1-866-331-9474 or text “loveis” to 22522. Both of these hotlines offer advocates for LGBTQ individuals, too. If you're concerned that your boyfriend is abusive, talk with someone you trust about it. This could be a parent, a counselor, a school official, or someone from your church. The important thing is to find someone who listens to you without judging you and offers you their support.  Leaving an abusive relationship can be dangerous. It's important to talk with people who can help and support you so that you don't have to deal with it all on your own. Remember, asking for help isn't a sign of weakness or failure. It's a sign that you're strong enough to do what's healthy for you. If you feel like you're in immediate danger from your boyfriend, get away as soon as possible. Call a trusted friend or family member and ask to stay with them. Call a domestic violence agency in your area to find a local women's shelter or safehouse. Call the police, if you have to. Don't stay in an environment where you will continue to be abused. If you have been physically or sexually assaulted, call the police and seek medical attention immediately. Getting...

Summary in Russian:

Поймите, что это не ваша вина. Обратитесь на горячую линию для жертв домашнего насилия. Поговорите с человеком, которому вы доверяете. Найдите безопасное убежище. Заручитесь поддержкой близких и друзей. Цените себя.


Article in English: A common mistake of zealous new home owners is to purchase all your furniture in a single sitting. Unfortunately, this could cause two problems: you pay a higher price for bulk furniture when you think you’re paying less, and you may purchase something that you don’t truly love just to fill your space. Spread out your furniture purchases over the course of several months. Unless you know the price of each individual piece of furniture you’re getting, don’t fall for the trap of buying a whole set for a single rate; break it down to see if it’s truly fair first. Furniture companies will often advertise 0% financing as an incentive to bring in customers, but what you may or may not know is that they tack the interest they would normally charge onto the floor price. Therefore, you think you’re getting a good deal when you’re really paying the same amount (or more) as you normally would for the same piece of furniture. Although you can find good deals with 0% financing offered, don’t let that be the main guide in judging and selecting furniture to add to your home. Although it is uncomfortable for many people to haggle in a store setting, furniture is one of the common goods that can be haggled for. Furniture stores greatly increase the price on furniture to make a profit, so you don’t have to settle for the advertised price. If you’re good, you should be able to knock off 10%-20% on the original price, while the supplier will still make a profit. If you’re not comfortable about haggling for the price, try haggling for free add-ons like delivery, set up, or additional décor items. Used furniture doesn’t necessarily mean it is poor quality, it just means that someone no longer is interested in owning it. Look for used furniture online in your area and in local thrift and antique stores. You’ll likely be able to find something that’s good quality, albeit a bit worn, for a much lower price than you would in a department store. Keep in mind that even if the used furniture isn’t in the best shape, you can update and...

Summary in Russian:

Не покупайте весь набор мебели сразу. Не попадайтесь на кредиты в 0%. Не стесняйтесь торговаться. Вы также можете приобрести подержанную мебель. Возможен вариант покупки образца мебели.


Article in English: A common non-confrontational way to bring this issue up with the person is to act as if you have this problem yourself.  This is a great way to bring up the subject of body odor with someone, especially if the person is not someone you are very close with.  Bringing it up in this way will make them think about their own smells, which may make them realize that they are a little stinky.  Try saying something like:  “I’m so sorry if I smell a little; I went for a run during lunch and didn’t have time to reapply deodorant.” “Do you think the office is hot today?  It’s making me sweat, and I feel like I’m a bit smelly.” “I’m sorry if you can smell my feet; it’s was raining outside when I was running errands and my shoes and socks are soaked.” Another non-confrontational way to bring up offensive odor with a person is to couch your opinion in statements that put the blame on you, not them.  Since it can be uncomfortable to tell a person that they smell bad or are wearing too much perfume, it can sometimes be easier to say you have allergies or are very sensitive to smells.  This way you can plant the seed in their head that maybe they do have an offensive odor without actually saying it directly.  To deflect the issue onto yourself, try saying something like:  “What type of perfume are you wearing?  I’m allergic to most perfumes, which makes me too sensitive to wear even a little bit of it.” “I have such a sensitive nose that I can only use a little cologne.  It’s like an allergy; even one spray makes me sneeze!” If your workplace allows you to bring in scented candles or air fresheners, try keeping them at your desk to see if this helps with the smell.  Even if you can't light the candle due to safety reasons, an unlit candle will still give off a fair amount of scent.  If these aren’t allowed, try putting a flowerpot or potpourri at your desk for some decoration that subtly refreshes the air around you.  Your new scented decorations will mask bad odors and could even hint to the person that the air is in need of...

Summary in Russian:

Притворитесь, что у вас тоже есть неприятный запах. Возьмите вину на себя. Украсьте ваше рабочее место предметами с приятным запахом. Придерживайтесь гигиены, когда ваш коллега рядом. Ограничьте количество времени, которое вы проводите с этим человеком.


Article in English: A common place stretch marks occur during puberty is the cleavage area right between developing breasts. This spot is easy to hide with inconspicuous clothing simply by wearing normal tops cut a little higher. During cooler months, you can look stylish in turtlenecks. Sometimes it's hard to tell how a piece of clothing will fall on your body. If you're specifically looking for a top to hide stretch marks, be sure to try it on first before buying. Stretch marks are also very common at the armpit and upper arms, especially if you exercise or build up muscle in that area. Avoid tank tops and spaghetti straps, which would draw attention to your stretch marks. When trying on tops with short sleeves, be sure to raise your arm up high in front of a mirror. Sleeves that may look fine with your arms at your sides may ride up, exposing your stretch marks. In cooler weather, wear scarves and shawls to cover your stretch marks. Avoid wearing jewelry over bare skin near your stretch marks. The shine from the jewelry will draw eyes to the problem area. Instead, wear your most eye-catching pieces away from your chest, such as on your ears and wrists. If you carry a purse or handbag, pick either a clutch or one with long straps. A short purse held near your armpit will bring attention to your chest area. While skimpy bathing suits are popular, there are still plenty available that will cover problem areas on your chest. If you want to avoid looking too modest, find a swimsuit that hides your stretch marks while flaunting another area that you're proud of, such as a crop top. Another fashionable look is to use mesh insets to camouflage blemishes while still showing your skin.

Summary in Russian:

Откажитесь от одежды с глубоким декольте. Носите кофточки и футболки с рукавами. Подберите подходящие аксессуары. Выберите подходящий купальник.


Article in English: A common reaction to even severe debt is to go into denial about the seriousness of the situation. Debt can be an intensely difficult thing to deal with emotionally, but it’s essential that you acknowledge the situation and the impact it is having on you. There is an increasing amount of evidence that shows the impact of indebtedness on stress and mental health, so this isn’t something you should ignore.  Being in denial about your debt can make the situation worse and delay your reaction. Don’t wait for a major event, such as a foreclosure notice, to acknowledge your debt problems. Indebtedness can have a huge toll on you psychologically, so try and talk to someone about your situation. Talking to friends or family may be difficult, so seek the help of a therapist if your debt stress is really causing you problems. This is an important part of acknowledging the situation. Only once you have acknowledged your financial situation will you be able to take the necessary next steps to deal with it. Always seek impartial advice from a credit counsellor, but don’t neglect the psychological impact of debt. It’s completely normal to be anxious and stressed about a difficult financial situation, but you can take steps to help you to feel more positive. Of course dealing with the debt and finding a way forward financially is essential, but you can also try to improve your mood. This may even help you to deal with the debt and focus on finding a route forward.  Try to be active. Exercise lots, but also spend time with friends and doing everyday tasks. Face your fears by getting some debt advice and coming to terms with the problem. Try not to drink too much. Some people use alcohol to cope with stress and anxiety, but drinking could add to your problems. If your feelings or stress and anxiety don’t alleviate, and these feelings are starting to have an impact on your ability to live your life, you should make an appointment with your doctor. If your negative feelings persist for weeks, you doctor may recommend you see a...

Summary in Russian:

Признайте наличие проблемы. Поговорите с кем-нибудь о стрессе, связанном с долгами. Старайтесь улучшить свое самочувствие. Знайте, в каких ситуациях следует обратиться за помощью.


Article in English: A common technique is to pick on you and ridicule you to make you feel inadequate.  No matter what you do, this person can always find something wrong.  Nothing you do will be good enough.  Instead of offering any helpful suggestions or constructive criticism, the person only points out the negative things about you.  This can also be accomplished through sarcasm or jokes.  A manipulator may make jokes about your clothing, the car you drive, where you work, your family, your appearance, or anything.  Although the comments may be disguised as humor, the humor is used to take jabs at you. You are the butt of the jokes. And it is used to make you feel poorly about yourself. A manipulator uses silence to gain control. They may ignore phone calls, text messages, and emails for an unreasonable amount of time. This is done to make you feel uncertainty or to punish you because you have "done something wrong". The "silent treatment" is different than just taking some time to cool off and then re-connect; it is used as a way to try to make the other person feel powerless.   The silent treatment may be provoked by your actions, but may be unprovoked. If a manipulative person wants to make the other person feel insecure, randomly cutting all communication works well. If you ask the person the reason for the silence, they may deny that anything is wrong or tell you that you are being paranoid or unreasonable. A guilt trip seeks to make you feel responsible for the manipulator's behavior. It also puts you in control of the other person's emotions: happiness, failure, or success, anger, and the like. You will end up feeling obligated to carry out things for his sake even if it is unreasonable.  Guilt trips are usually prefaced with statements like, "If you were more understanding, you'd..." or "If you really love me you'd..." or, "I did this for you, why won't you do this for me?" (For something you did not ask for). If you find yourself agreeing to things that you normally would not or things that make you uncomfortable,...

Summary in Russian:

Отметьте, если вас упрекают или осуждают. Обратите внимание на периоды молчания. Распознайте ловушку вины. Заметьте, не приходится ли вам постоянно извиняться. Обратите внимание на то, что вас постоянно сравнивают с другими людьми.


Article in English: A common use for italics  is to draw attention to a particular part of a text in order to provide emphasis. If something is important or shocking, you might want to italicize that word or phrase so that your readers don’t miss it. For example:  He had managed to eat ten cookies. I love the word flabbergasted. If you want to call attention to a word, letter, or number as a specific term, use italics. For example:  When defining an unfamiliar term, you may want to italicize its first appearance: “The scientific term for sneezing is sternutation.”  Use italics to emphasize a letter on its own: I got an A in history this term. When he moved to the Denver Broncos, quarterback Peyton Manning retained his famous 18 on his jersey. It is also common to use italics to show contrast to your readers. If you want your readers to notice a contrast between two words or phrases, you might want to italicize that word or phrase so that your readers don’t miss it. You can italicize one or both words depending on your objective.  He had managed to eat not nine, but ten cookies. The words through and threw may sound the same but obviously have very different meanings. Using italics to provide emphasis or show contrast is usually accepted in informal writing. However, most style guidelines advise against these uses in formal, professional, or academic writing. In most cases, it’s preferable to use syntax to emphasize your point in these types of writing.  For example, APA style specifies that using italics to provide emphasis is inappropriate unless the reader might miss your intended meaning without the italics. Chicago style also does not recommend the use of italics for emphasis.

Summary in Russian:

Применяйте курсив, если вы хотите подчеркнуть определенное слово или выражение. Выделяйте курсивом слова, буквы и цифры при использовании специальных терминов. Используйте курсив, если вам нужно противопоставить два слова или выражения. Избегайте использовать курсив для подчеркивания или сопоставления в официальном документе.


Article in English: A common way to end a pop song is to simply repeat the chorus line over and over again as the song fades away.  Many Aerosmith songs such as "Love in an Elevator" use this fading action a lot.  It is best used for loud, rhythmic, hard edged chorus lines.  Other, more sad songs might end better coming back to your original starting point.  If you started off slow and soft, bring it back there, to effectively "close" your story.  You can also end your song on an instrumental, however, this is usually an artistic license allotted to bands which already have names for themselves.  For example, the ending to Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Freebird" is over five minutes worth of instrumentals. However, you can play your basic riff a couple of times at the end of your song, just begging your audience to repeat and play again. After you have finished adding the music to your lyrics, you will want to go back and add your rhymes in.  In modern day pop songs, there is more "free-styling" when it comes to lyrics but there is still a basic rhyme format.  The trick of the pop song is to make it easy to remember, and rhymes facilitate that.  Type a word into Google and add "rhymes with" next to it.  A list of words will pop up and help you decide on which word best fits. Depending on the particular word choices you may have to go back and change some of the melody/rhythm.  This is a back and forth, give and take process. Use the strengths of the people around you to help make your song better.  Find out whether a person you know plays an instrument.  For example, if you are doing a very upbeat pop song, you might want someone who knows how to play a trumpet, or someone who is a good DJ.  Other friends or family might be able to lend their voices to your effort, and harmonize with your melody. You might also want to ask around for anybody that has an "in" into the music business.  Someone who has already recorded an album, or who has worked with a record company, might be able to get your song some radio air time. Record it on your...

Summary in Russian:

Придумайте концовку. Отредактируйте текст и ноты. Сотрудничайте с родными, друзьями или партнерами. Прослушайте свою песню. Придумайте название для песни.


Article in English: A compass needle can be made from any piece of metal that can be magnetized. A sewing needle is a straightforward, practical choice, especially since it's an item you'd normally find in a first aid or survival kit that you might have on hand on a backpacking trip. You could also try these other "needles":  A paperclip A razor blade A safety pin A hairpin " You can magnetize your needle using a variety of methods: tapping it with a piece of steel or iron, rubbing it with a magnet, or rubbing it on another item that magnetizes it with static electricity.  A refrigerator magnet works well for this purpose. You can also buy plain magnets from craft stores. You can use a steel or iron nail, horseshoe, crowbar, or other household item if you don't have a magnet. The hair and fur shown in the photo should be ignored! To magnetize a piece of metal, only another magnet will do the trick. Rubbing it can electrically charge it - but not magnetize it. In addition to a needle and a magnetizer, you'll need a bowl or jar, some water, and a coin-sized cross section of cork.

Summary in Russian:

Выберите, что именно использовать для компаса. Выберите, чем намагнитить иглу. Подберите дополнительные материалы.


Article in English: A complete breakfast, as fast as it is nutritious, includes a slice of whole grain toast and tablespoon or two of peanut butter. Warm toast, English muffins, or pancakes make peanut butter warm, gooey, and totally delicious, as well as healthy. Starting the day with protein can help you stay focused and energetic throughout the morning, kickstarting your metabolism and giving you the fuel to get going. It's a great snack. A serving of peanut butter is usually two tablespoons, which contains between 180 and 190 calories, and just under 8 grams of protein, as well as 7-10 percent of necessary daily dietary fiber. Peanut butter is good for building strong tissues and boosting immunity. Starting your day with a serving of fruit like apples or bananas is a great way to get your metabolism going, but adding a serving of peanut butter–or dipping that serving right out of the jar–is a great way of taking that breakfast from good to great. By supplementing the protein from the peanut butter, those fruits become a complete breakfast, rather than just a quick snack. Full of fiber, vitamins, and protein, it's hard to think of a quicker, tastier, or more simple way to breakfast. Other breakfast items are perfectly amenable to the addition of peanut butter for thickening and adding a salty-sweet flavor underneath. Add a spoonful to cooked oatmeal to liven up the flavor without adding sugar, or use it to thicken a breakfast smoothie. For a simple nutritious smoothie, add a half cup of plain greek yoghurt to your blender, one banana, a cup of fresh or frozen berries, and a tablespoon of peanut butter. Pulse the blender to mix thoroughly. If you like it a bit sweeter, you can add some honey to taste, as well as supplements like whey powder or spirulina. If it's too dense, a little orange juice or milk thins it out nicely. ” The classic kids' snack is just as great for adults. Line a tablespoon or two of peanut butter along the groove of a celery stick, then top with raisins. This fun treat makes for a surprising texture combo...

Summary in Russian:

Намажьте арахисовое масло на тост. Намажьте арахисовое масло на фрукты. Добавьте арахисовое масло в смуззи или овсянку для увеличения количества протеинов. Приготовьте "муравьев на бревне". Ешьте прямо из банки.


Article in English: A complete cleaning involves discarding all of the used bedding, not merely "spot cleaning" the dirty spots.  After removing the old bedding, wash the bottom and sides of the cage with soap and water, rinse thoroughly, then place fresh, new bedding in the cage. After washing with soap and water, you can use a 10% white vinegar and water solution (1 part vinegar to 9 parts water) as a rinse before drying the cage bottom.  Using the vinegar solution once a week (each time you fully clean the cage) may help eliminate odors and remove buildup that water can't.. Particularly if you have multiple guinea pigs in one cage, you should clean out parts of the cage daily in addition to the once-a-week deep cleaning.  To spot-clean, remove and discard any areas of soiled bedding at the end of the day. Most guinea pigs will use one part of their cage as a toilet area; cleaning the toilet area daily will help with odor and cleanliness. .  Spot cleaning will become easier if you can train your guinea pigs to use a litter box.  Identify the area that your guinea pigs tend to use as a toilet area. Then place a litter box made for small mammals in that corner of the cage.  Your guinea pigs will be more likely to use the litter box if you put it near their hay. Guinea pigs usually have a "kitchen" area where they eat and poop a lot. However, don't expect them to always use it; guinea pigs can't be perfectly litter trained like cats. If they change the area in which they use the toilet, try moving the litter box to the new area. Clean out the litter box every 1-3 days depending on how much it is used. Never place clumping cat litter in a guinea pig's litter box.  Guinea pig-safe bedding material is the most appropriate option. Cleaning sprays specifically formulated for small animal cages can help minimize cage odors.  Check your local pet store for products that are safe and effective for guinea pigs. Make sure you use only as much as the label recommends.  To use a cage-cleaning spray, remove all used bedding from the cage. ...

Summary in Russian:

Чистите клетку хотя бы раз в неделю. Ежедневно делайте небольшую уборку в клетке. Приучите свою морскую свинку к туалету Воспользуйтесь спреем для чистки клетки. Купите наполнитель, который блокирует неприятные запахи.


Article in English: A composition's tonality states the key and whether it is Major or Minor. At an early stage of composition, a key could be as simple as making an arbitrary choice, but it will have the biggest impact on the sound of your composition. If you finish your work later on and want to try  it out in different keys, you should do so, but be forewarned that it takes a fair amount of work to transpose a composition note by note into another key. The piano keyboard has been explored to death. Every possible combination has been tried and studied at this point. With that, theory can suggest the most appropriate chords. The most famous of these is the I-IV-V-vi progression (the lower case denotes a Minor chord). The Roman numerals indicate how many keys above the root the given chord is. These four chords have been proven to go together very well.  Try using a chord map to get you started.  Although this might sound too mathematical at the start, the truth is that it'll come without thinking to you once you get the basics of theory down pat. Scales are  useful tools in the creation of melody. Although melodies need to be properly felt out in order to be memorable and effective, using a scale will narrow down the notes you're conventionally supposed to use.  Make sure the scale you're using is in accordance with the chords and key you've chosen. The standard scale is a C Major scale. This scale is often used for vocal warm-ups before a performance. Some avant-garde composers in the 20th century would open up the piano itself and change the tuning of the strings, but prior to the adoption of equal temperament for keyboard instruments in the 18th century, there were numerous tunings in use. Changing all of the keys even a 16th of a step can result in a strange new experience of the piano. Be advised that messing around with a piano should only be done if you are an expert. Otherwise, you'll probably just end up sabotaging your piano for regular use. Notation is the technical language of music. If you're a serious composer,...

Summary in Russian:

Определитесь с тональностью. Исследуйте последовательность аккордов, исходящих из основного аккорда. Развивайте мелодию из выбранной тональности. Поэкспериментируйте с настройкой. Записывайте свою работу с помощью нот.


Article in English: A confession should ideally be a private, intimate conversation between you and whoever you've affected with your actions. Don't invite more people than you need to - a confession should be a humbling affair, not a chance for you to perform for an audience. Organize a small, in-person get-together with the person(s) you've done wrong to. You can be as direct as you like in your invitation. There's nothing wrong with simply saying, "I have a confession to make. When can we meet?" Try not to make a joke about this, laughing maybe taken as an offense and will ruin the confession Give yourself some privacy. Confessions can, unfortunately, cause emotions to flare. Don't open yourself or your confessor up to embarrassment by, for example, confessing in a crowded restaurant. For much of our lives, we project certain facades and cultivate certain self-images that reflect how we want to be seen by other people. A confession is no time to worry about these things. Realize that a sincere confession reveals the inner "you." You can't make a good confession from a false position of superiority. You're acknowledging your own imperfection, which, for many people, is an especially difficult, intimate task. Any attempts to remain "cool" or aloof will make you seem insincere. Be ready to shed any pretenses that you normally maintain.   Here's an example of a confession that sounds disingenuous: "Hey, Frank, I broke your trumpet. Sorry! Guess I don't know my own strength!" This confession doesn't seem to come from a place of sincere regret - by trying to keep the mood light, the speaker sacrifices the integrity of his confession. A better approach would be something like: "Hey, Frank. Listen, I have some bad news. I accidentally broke your trumpet. I'm  so  sorry. I know how important it was to you. " We don't only maintain facades when we deal with other people. We also routinely lie to ourselves about our true motivations. Be completely open and honest with your internal thoughts - why did you do the bad things you did? Don't...

Summary in Russian:

Сядьте и поговорите с человеком, которого вы обидели. Приготовьтесь к полной честности и искренности. Признайте свою вину. Избавьтесь от лжи и недопонимания. Будьте скромны. Попросите прощения. Попросите совета. Если признание серьезное, уведомите об этом соответствующие инстанции.


Article in English: A conjunction is a word used to connect 2 parts of a sentence. When you are talking about a noun (thing, person, place or concept) in relation to another noun, use than to introduce the second part of your comparison. Than is usually preceded by comparative words like better, worse, more, less, higher, lower, smaller, larger, etc. For example:  There are more onions than scallions in your fridge. I can run faster now than I could last year. I like cloudy weather more than I like the sun. Than can also be used with past tense verbs and some adverbial expressions. Adverbial expressions are multi-word expressions that function to modify or qualify a verb. In these cases, than is being used to indicate that one thing correlated with another.  For example, if it feels like your alarm goes off right after you fall asleep, you may say, “No sooner did I lay my head down than my clock started to ring.” This usage may seem similar to how then may be used sometimes, which can be confusing. The difference is that then would be used if there was a sequence, but than is not describing a sequence in this instance. It is showing correlation or relationship between 2 things, such as laying down your head and your alarm clock going off. If you’re trying to decide between than and then, try substituting the word. Than is a unique word with no synonyms. Then, however, can be substituted for works like “subsequently,” “next,” or “later."  For example, it wouldn’t work to say “Jessica arrived later subsequently Joe.” Even though you're talking about time, in this context you're still comparing who was later. That is why this sentence needs to be, “Jessica arrived later than Joe.” However, it does make sense to say, “First and need to shower and next I have to catch the bus.” In this context, “next” can be substituted for then.

Summary in Russian:

Используйте than в качестве союза в сравнительном контексте. Определите взаимосвязь между двумя событиями при помощи than. Используйте than, когда не можете подобрать синоним к тому, что говорите.