Article in English: Authentic sunglasses come in a branded box. A label with a bar code and manufacturer information should be on the bottom of the box. Some type of guarantee booklet, information booklet, or certificate of authenticity should also be in the box. The sunglasses should be in a branded carrying case.  The official logo is on this case.  The box should be in pristine condition and have no marks and clean edges. The color and shape of the case may vary if the case is older.  All Coach glasses come with a dust cloth that has the "CC" logo all over it.  Examine the glasses thoroughly. The brand name of the glasses, the model number, and the letters "CE" should appear on the right temple of the glasses. The model  number and lens and frame measurements should appear on the left temple and should match the number on the box label. A metal logo may also be on the left temple of authentic glasses.  "Made in Italy" appears on the right temple of Dolce & Gabbana glasses instead of the model number. A logo is often etched into the right lens of authentic glasses.  The logo should be easy to identify and clear. The nose frame dimensions often appear on the nose bud of the glasses.  Some glasses may also have an embossed logo on the nose pads of the glasses. The logo, font, and model number should be consistent on your glasses. The numbers on the box label should be identical to the numbers on your glasses. The logo on the glasses, carrying case, and booklet should be exactly the same.  If there are any inconsistencies or misspellings, your glasses may not be authentic. The sunglasses and the packaging should be of high quality. If the sunglasses are flimsy or lightweight, they may be fake. New authentic sunglasses usually come in nice packaging with tags and casing included.  Fake sunglasses may be sold with low quality packaging or with only a slip cover. Checking the quality of the glasses is particularly important if you are buying previously owned glasses which may not come in their original packaging.

Summary in Russian:

Проверьте упаковку. Внимательно осмотрите упаковку. Проверьте линзы и носоупоры. Проверьте очки на соответствие всем параметрам. Обратите внимание на качество.


Article in English: Autism has a wide range of aspects that vary from person to person. Since autism is a developmental disability, communication and social skills tend to be a challenge. Specific symptoms vary. Autism is not a linear spectrum from "mild" to "severe." It impacts many different areas in different ways. For example, maybe your friend is funny and great at cheering people up, and has serious difficulty with self-care and sensory processing. An autistic person can be strong in one area and weak in another. It is important to understand your loved one's symptoms. Once you understand where the challenges lie, you can target those areas. Find out what strengths your loved one has, and what challenges they face. All of these components are important when choosing treatment options and coping mechanisms. It is good to know the general signs, and what autistic people think about autism. (Autistic-run organizations and blogs are usually good sources.) Here are a few signs of autism:  Motor skills may be delayed Difficulty understanding and interacting with others Difficulty grasping abstract uses of language (e.g. sarcasm, metaphors) Special interests that are unusual in terms of focus and passion Over- or under-sensitivity to various stimuli (sounds, sights, smells, etc.) Difficulty with self care Repetitive behavior, notably stimming One autistic person might want to focus on developing the self-care skills to live on their own, while another might want to make friends. Others might be perfectly fine with living in assisted living, or not making more friends. Recognize that your idea of the ideal lifestyle might differ from their idea, and it's most important that they are able to be happy. Autistic people are not embarrassing, broken, or deficient—simply different. Instead of saying "I'll finally be happy when my loved one _____," practice being happy now, and embarking on your journey together. Demonstrate unconditional love, so they can love themselves.

Summary in Russian:

Поймите, что аутизм является глубоким и сложным спектром. Учитывайте конкретные достоинства и сложности близкого вам человека. Разбирайтесь в вопросах аутизма. Поймите, что люди с аутизмом преследуют разные цели. Принимайте людей такими, какие они есть.


Article in English: Autistic children frequently have sensory processing differences, which can be stressful or even painful. Applying deep pressure causes muscles to relax.  Try wrapping your child snugly in a blanket or lay several blankets across them. The weight of the blankets will create soothing pressure, but be sure not to cover their face to prevent interfering with breathing. You can order or create tools designed to provide deep pressure online. Weighted blankets, toys, vests, and lap pads are all possibilities. Massage is a good way for you to interact with your child, while applying deep pressure, which may strengthen the parent-child relationship. Position the child between your legs. Cup your hands on the child’s shoulders and apply pressure. Then, move your hands slowly over their arms and shoulders. If you do not feel comfortable, consider asking a massage therapist for tips. Or, ask someone you know who gives really good back rubs. A pillow press is done by positioning the child on a soft surface such as a pillow or a couch cushion. Let the child lie or sit down, then use a second pillow or cushion to apply deep pressure to the torso, arms and legs in a slow pulsating manner.  Never cover the child's face to prevent accidental suffocation.

Summary in Russian:

Примените метод глубокого давления. Сделайте ребенку глубокий массаж. Попробуйте применить давление через подушку.


Article in English: Autistic children may not develop friendships with peers. They may want to form friendships but not know how, or they may not really care.   They sometimes struggle with understanding and reacting to others' feelings. Autistic children may not want to join group activities, either because it's hard or because they aren't interested. Autistic children may be unusual in terms of personal space: some may resist touch or not understand personal space. Another symptom of autism is when a child does not respond to being comforted by others when they are distressed. Autistic children may feel uncomfortable with eye contact.   They may have a flat facial expression, or exhibit exaggerated experiences. Autistic children may not understand or respond to other's non-verbal cues. Autistic people may not use gestures or have trouble interpreting when others use gestures. Autistic children often don't point to objects or respond to others pointing. Children who do not develop speech or have delayed speech may be autistic.  Autistic children who are verbal may use a flat or monotone voice. Some autistic kids use echolalia, or the repetition of words and phrases, to communicate and focus. Reversing pronouns (using "you" instead of "I") is another common trait of children who have ASD. Many autistic people don't understand jokes, sarcasm, or teasing. Some autistic people may develop speech later, or not at all. They can live happy and functional lives, using alternative communication such as typing, sign language, or picture exchange. Early intervention can help an autistic child learn how to use these tools. Fascination with one topic, like computer games or license plates, may indicate autism. Autistic people become fascinated with particular subject areas, studying them passionately and sharing information with anyone who will listen (enthusiastically or not). Autistic people often become fascinated with memorizing categorized facts and figures. " Autistic people's emotional development differs from the development of...

Summary in Russian:

Обратите внимание на то, как ребенок ведет себя с другими. Обратите внимание на невербальную коммуникацию ребенка. Обратите внимание на вербальную коммуникацию своего ребенка. Определите, есть ли у вашего ребенка пристрастие к особым интересам. Учитывайте, соответствуют ли интересы вашего ребенка его возрасту. Понаблюдайте за тем, как они играют. Обратите внимание, как ваш ребенок реагирует на сенсорные стимулы. Примите к сведению нервные срывы. Изучите распорядок своего ребенка. Следите за социальными ошибками. Следите за другими симптомами.


Article in English: Autistic children may not develop speech in the same manner or time frame as their peers do. They might engage in unusual speech patterns, including echolalia – the repetition of words or sentences spoken by others, sometimes in the same tone or accent. In addition, autistic people may have some of the following language issues:  Confusion of pronouns. Autistic people may confuse “I” and “you” regularly, for example. This is part of the language learning process, so don't worry. Literal thinking. Autistic people may not understand figures of speech, jokes, and teasing. Receptive language difficulties. Even if a child has a vast knowledge of vocabulary and syntax, they may not process spoken words well. You may need to repeat yourself or write things down. Frustration. These difficulties can be very frustrating! The best approach to language and communication issues depends upon your child’s ability levels. If your child cannot speak at all, for example, it’s best to start with basic signs – even just teaching your child to point at what they want. If, on the other hand, your child speaks in words and phrases, you can work on teaching simple sentences.   AAC can help a child communicate in words, even if they can't speak. Don't feel bad if your child never learns to speak. Nonverbal autistic people can be very happy and successful in life, like Amy Sequenzia. Your child may learn to communicate very well in alternative ways, such as sign language, typing, facilitated communication, and more. Speech therapists can help with clarity, sentence structure, and reciprocal behavior. Many therapists are respectful and kind, so your child may look forward to therapy every week! Be conversational, even if, for the time being, the conversations are one-sided. Explain why things happen the way they do, especially if your child seems upset or confused about something. (For example, "Going to the grocery store means that we can have enough healthy and yummy food for the week. You can help me pick out good things when we get...

Summary in Russian:

Вы должны знать, что проблемы вербального общения с окружающими типичны для аутичных людей. Развивайте способности вашего ребенка. Занимайтесь с логопедом, чтобы помочь развитию речевых навыков. Разговаривайте с ребенком. Рассказывайте ребенку истории. Повторяйте слова снова и снова, чтобы увеличить словарный запас ребенка. Если  вашему ребенку трудно выражать свои желания словами, попробуйте общаться с ним с помощью рисунков.


Article in English: Autistic children may rely upon scripts to make communication easier. Many autistic children repeat words and phrases (echolalia) as a way to say, “I heard what you said and am thinking about the answer.” Try to remain calm and patient while interacting with the child. If you think about the fact that echolalia serves a communication purpose for the child, and it’s not just way to try and frustrate people, it can help you to see it from the child’s point of view. For those questions to which they do not know the answer, autistic children should be encouraged to say “I don’t know”. There is evidence to suggest that training a child to use “I don’t know” to respond to questions to which they don't know the answer helps in picking up and using this new phrase appropriately.  Try asking a series of questions to the child that you know they don't know the answer to. For example, ask "Where are your friends?" and prompt the answer by saying, “I don’t know.” Then, “What is the capital of Kansas?” followed by, “I don’t know.” You can write down many questions ahead of time and practice this script each time. Another way to teach the “I don’t know” script is by having another person there who answers the unknown questions with “I don’t know.” Children may use echolalia when they don't know how to respond, or how to turn their thoughts into appropriate words. Providing a script helps them know what to say.  For example, ask "What is your name?" and prompt the correct response (the child’s name). Repeat this until he has learned the right script. Try this with all questions that have the same answer. “What color is our house?” followed by “Brown.” And, “What is our dog’s name?” followed by “Spot.” It’s important that you supply the answers every time to teach the script until the child starts doing it on his own. This approach only works for questions that always have the same answer. For example, it would not work for "What color is your shirt?" because the child's shirt color will change each day. This way, your child...

Summary in Russian:

Поймите цель сценариев. Научите ребенка сценарию "Я не знаю". Подскажите ребенку правильный ответ. Обучите ребенка множеству других сценариев. Научите ребенка сценариям, которые будут направлены на потребности.


Article in English: Autistic individuals display remarkable focus in their passions, and frequently less focus on things that don't interest them. If an activity falls outside of their interests, it may be hard to get them involved. It's important to understand their hesitation before you try to motivate them.  Don't push too hard, or you can seem overbearing and turn off the person. This is why it helps to incorporate their interest. If they're disinterested, try unofficially designating exercise time as time for them to tell you about their interests. This gives you the opportunity to connect with them, and makes them more interested. It is not uncommon for autistic people to struggle with certain motor skills. For instance, problems with motor development can prevent an individual from throwing a ball or balancing on a bike.  Your loved one may be self-conscious about their ability to participate in certain exercise activities. Not being able to successfully participate in activities can be very discouraging, so make sure you give your autistic loved one plenty of different options for exercise. Autistic individuals can be highly sensitive to certain stimuli. These sensory sensitivities may hinder their ability to take part in certain activities, even making them unbearable.  The bright light of a gym or sports field may be distracting or painful. Consider sensory sensitivities that may not be readily apparent when motivating your loved one to exercise. If you notice them getting uncomfortable, stop and ask what's wrong. Autistic individuals may struggle in terms of forming an exercise program. Unless assisted, it may be difficult for them to plan and monitor their exercise regime. Help them out by sitting down together and working it out, or by incorporating it into their daily routine. Recording different milestones and accomplishments within the workout program can be a great way to increase motivation and continue building confidence regarding exercise. Many exercise activities involve teams, meaning that some level of...

Summary in Russian:

Необходимо понимать, что у аутичных людей очень узкое поле интересов. Поймите, что у аутичных подростков и взрослых слабые моторные функции. Многие аутичные подростки и взрослые обладают сенсорной чувствительностью. Поймите, что для аутичных людей очень важно придерживаться графика. У многих аутичных людей могут быть социальные нарушения.


Article in English: Autistic individuals often have food sensitivities. This may make a lot of foods inedible to them. You need to make sure that your child gets nutrition, but you also don’t want to fight with your child at every mealtime. Keep your expectations reasonable.  Eating enough food is more important than eating nutritious food. Eating a fairly balanced diet is more important than eating a wide variety of foods. See if your child can handle eating gummy vitamins if their diet is very limited. If your child gets sick after eating a certain food, there may be a reason beyond sensitivity. Many autistic children suffer from gastrointestinal problems and allergies to common foods like milk and gluten. Talk to your doctor to determine which foods should not be served at all. Whenever possible, try to determine why your child dislikes a particular item. Is it the texture? The flavor? The color? Ask the child what makes the food so disgusting. You may be able to serve the same ingredients in a different way and make everyone happy.  Note that autistic children may struggle, particularly, with mixed-up foods like stews and casseroles. Autistic children often like to touch and taste individual ingredients before deciding whether or not to eat them, and these dishes make it difficult for them to do so. Offer seasonings on the side, so that each person can season the meal to taste. For example, if your wife likes spicy spaghetti and your daughter cries when given spice, place the spice shakers on the table instead of mixing spice into the sauce. Many children become more interested in expanding their horizons when they aren't facing constant parental pressure to do so. Autistic children may need to touch, smell, lick, or play with their food before eating it. Don’t squash these tendencies out of a misguided concern about table manners. These quirks may ultimately lead your child to eat a greater variety of foods. Preparing meals can be fun, and your child may be more likely to eat the foods they help to make.  For example,...

Summary in Russian:

Будьте реалистом. Различайте аллергию и избирательность к пище. Обратите внимание, какую именно пищу предпочитает ваш ребенок. Будьте терпеливы и не настаивайте. Позвольте ребенку “поиграть” с пищей. Дайте ребенку возможность поучаствовать в приготовлении пищи. Дайте возможность выбора.


Article in English: Autistic people can have trouble initiating things, or may not know what to do and whether it's appropriate. You can make this easier by initiating the things you'd like to happen, whether it's flirting or kissing. In addition to struggling with social situations, some autistic people lack a drive or an understanding of sexuality or sexual connotations.  Therefore, he might say or do something that has a sexual implication or double-entendre that he was totally unaware of.  For example, he might ask you over to a sleepover with him, having completely innocent non-sexual intentions, not understanding that this would be taken as a sexual proposition by most girls.  In this case, explain to him that connotations and feelings of intimacy and sexuality go on in a bedroom atmosphere at night between people of the opposite sex, and that social sleepovers are typically reserved for younger participants or groups of the same sex. It could potentially happen that by his avoiding eye contact with you in conversation, because of his autistic nature, he appears to be staring at your breasts or another sensitive part of your body.  Don't freak out, or assume that he's being creepy.  Simply tell him, "I don't feel comfortable when you look in that direction" and direct his gaze to your eyes or somewhere else. If you ever do want to get intimate or sexual with him, be sure that he has a complete understanding of what sexuality is, what it's about, and the nature of what he's consenting to if he consents to the activity. Some autistic people are fairly open about their disability, while others prefer if only a few people know. Talk with him about how he feels about his diagnosis, and whom he is okay with you telling. Discuss your feelings and thoughts with your boyfriend in a calm, straightforward manner. Although you may be entitled to feeling angry or hurt, a calm, straightforward approach may be much more effective than an emotional reaction. Becoming emotional may leave your partner feeling confused about why you are...

Summary in Russian:

Не бойтесь проявлять инициативу. Поговорите с парнем прежде чем обсуждать его аутизм с другими. Старайтесь спокойно воспринимать разногласия. Слушайте своего парня Признавайте его чувства. Повышайте его самооценку Принимайте парня таким, какой он есть.


Article in English: Autistic people deal with barriers and stressors that neurotypicals never face, so they may act unusually or exhibit different social skills. This depends on the individual's needs and strengths.   People with stronger social skills may simply seem awkward and a little clumsy. They may have difficulty understanding what is expected of them, so they may say or do things that are surprising to you. Some autistic people face large conversational challenges, and may not be able to carry a typical conversation. Eye contact can feel incredibly overwhelming, and the autistic person may not be able to meet someone's eyes and listen to their words at the same time. Explain that for autistic people, looking away is different from not listening.   Never force eye contact. This could make them scared or uncomfortable, their conversational skills may plummet, and it could trigger sensory overload. Some autistic people are capable of making or faking eye contact without it bothering them too much. It depends on the person and their comfort zones. Teach the person that autistic people may need to fidget or avoid eye contact in order to focus. The autistic person might look at their conversation partner's mouth, hands, or feet—or even in the opposite direction. Becoming angry with the autistic person will only make the autistic person avoid them.   Due to sensory and attention differences, it can be hard for some autistic people to focus on a conversation. The autistic person is not ignoring other people; they may be struggling to take part in the interaction at all. Teach others to make it clear when they want to talk to the autistic person. The person should be physically close, use the autistic person's name, and preferably be in the autistic person's line of sight. If the autistic person doesn't react when addressed, try again, because they may not have noticed. They have a hard time understanding different tones of voice, particularly when the facial features of the person talking do not match the tone of voice.   When...

Summary in Russian:

Люди с аутизмом могут вести себя  немного иначе, что совершенно нормально. Люди с аутизмом часто не любят зрительный контакт. Люди с аутизмом просто другие, но необязательно безразличные. Подчеркните, что люди с аутизмом могут не различать сарказма, юмора и тона речи.


Article in English: Autistic people simply do not interpret the world the same way that non-autistic people do. When they struggle to interpret things, it can be challenging to talk, listen, and understand. However, autistic people bring a unique and important perspective to the world. For example, some may struggle to understand spoken messages, and prefer to communicate through writing. Their mastery of the written word may later lead to fascinating novels or deeply insightful articles that make the world a happier and better-informed place. Autistic children tend to focus on their passions, and have less interest in other conversation topics. This is not out of dislike of you, but of lack of engagement with the particular topic. On the extreme end of things, some children may have no interest in the topic whatsoever. Get used to their listening body language. Some autistic people may stare in a different direction, fidget, or be completely silent while they pay attention. It may be that they are actually interested; they just show it differently. Autistic people may not understand that they're being rude, realize that you're feeling sad, or even figure out that you want to talk to them. If you believe that they've missed something, tell them directly what it is, and help them act on that information. Although they may want to participate in an activity, it's not uncommon for an autistic child to lack the social skills necessary to join in. They may need coaching on things like starting conversations. They are social in their own way, but you may need to find out how to include them more effectively. This does not mean that they can't learn; in fact, many autistic people are sharp and adaptable learners. It's just a matter of you learning how to speak their language. During this process, you need to remember that their needs are unique and not treat them dismissively.  Children with speech delays can benefit from Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) at as young as 18 months. This can help them communicate more...

Summary in Russian:

Следует понимать, что у них другая картина мира. Понимайте, что отсутствие интереса не несет ничего личного. Непонимание намеков. Следует понимать, что аутисты могут не знать, как включиться в беседу. У некоторых аутистов ограничены навыки устной речи.


Article in English: Autoclaves use high temperature steam emitted at a high pressure over a certain period of time to sterilize medical objects. This works by killing the microorganisms through time, heat, steam, and pressure. There are different settings on an autoclave machine that work for different things. Since you have bags of instruments, you should use the fast exhaust and dry cycle. This works best for wrapped items like instruments. Autoclaving fast exhaust will also sterilize glassware. You need to place your instrument bags onto the trays that go into the autoclave machine. You should stack them in a single row. They should not be on top of one another. The steam needs to get to each instrument in each bag. You need to make sure that all instruments remain apart during the sterilization cycle. Leave space between them to allow steam to circulate. Set the trays about 1-inch apart in the machine to permit steam circulation. Don't overload the sterilizer trays. Overloading will cause inadequate sterilization and drying. You should also make sure the instruments don't shift and overlap when you set them inside the machine. Place any empty canisters upside-down to prevent accumulation of water. The autoclave machine should run for a certain period of time at a specific temperature and pressure. Wrapped instruments should be in the autoclave at 250 degrees for 30 minutes at 15 PSI or 273 degrees for 15 minutes at 30 PSI. Once the machines has run, you need to open the door a small bit to let the steam out. Then, run the drying cycle on the autoclave until the instruments are dry. Drying should take about 30 additional minutes. After they are finished drying, take the trays of pouches out of the autoclave with sterile tongs. You now need to check the indicator tape on the pouches. If the tape turned the color according to the manufacturer's instructions, it's been exposed to 250 degree or higher heat and considered decontaminated. If the tape does not turn a different color or you see wet spots inside the pouch, then the...

Summary in Russian:

Выберите режим. Наполните поддоны. Загрузите инструменты в автоклав. Включите автоклав. Проверьте цвет тестовой полоски. Ведите записи. Проводите биологический контроль в автоклаве раз в квартал. Проверьте результаты теста.


Article in English: Aux cables, also known as 3.5 millimeter male-to-male cables, are audio cables with headphone jacks on each end.  If you have a pair of headphones which already uses a 3.5 millimeter cable, skip this step and the next one. You can find a 3.5 millimeter cable male-to-male audio cable at most automotive stores, tech departments, or online shops (e.g., Amazon). You'll usually find this port on one of the headphone set's sides. The headphone port on your PS4's controller is on the back of the controller, between the two handles. If you have a pair of headphones which uses a hardwired auxiliary cable, just plug that into the controller. You can do so by pressing the PS button on the connected controller. This will log you into the PS4. Doing so brings up the PS4 menu bar. Settings is on the far-right side of the menu bar. It's near the bottom of the page. You'll see this option near the top of the page. This option is near the bottom of the page. If your aux cable isn't connected to your PS4 controller, this option will be greyed out. This will ensure that all audio played on your PS4 comes through the headphone jack rather than through the TV's speakers. Now the sound from any media viewed on the PS4 will play through the cable, thereby using your headphones as an output point.

Summary in Russian:

Купите аудиокабель, на обоих концах которого есть 3,5 мм штекеры. Подключите один штекер аудиокабеля к наушникам. Подключите другой штекер аудиокабеля к контроллеру. Включите PS4 и подключенный контроллер. Выберите аккаунт, а затем нажмите кнопку X. Прокрутите вверх, чтобы открыть меню консоли. Выберите Настройки, а затем нажмите кнопку X. Прокрутите вниз, а затем выберите Устройства. Выберите Аудио устройства, а затем нажмите кнопку X. Выберите Наушники, а затем нажмите кнопку X. Выберите Все звуки, а затем нажмите кнопку X. Нажмите PS.


Article in English: Avascular necrosis (AVN) or osteonecrosis is defined as the death of bone tissue due to lack and loss of blood supply to a particular bone. The affected bone will have tiny breaks which, overall, would lead to bone collapse. If AVN affects bones near a joint, the joint surface may collapse. Usually, the affected bone or joint area in AVN is the hip.  AVN occurs in bones with a single terminal blood or end-artery supply (meaning there is a limited blood supply), such as the femoral (hip) and humeral (shoulder) heads, carpals (hand bones), and talus (foot bones). Closure or interruption of this single terminal blood supply will lead to death of bone tissue and, later, bone collapse. Although bone tissue regenerates or grows back again, the rate of bone destruction is faster than bone regeneration. If the bone collapses, the joint structure breaks down and leads to pain. Corticosteriods and radiation applied to the bone may further contribute to progression of AVN. Some causes can increase your risk of developing AVN. Any of the following can lead to AVN:  A bone fracture or joint dislocation can interrupt blood flow Radiation during cancer treatment weakens the bone and affects the blood vessels Elevated pressure inside the bone causes the blood vessels to narrow and make it difficult for fresh blood to enter leading to poor blood supply Alcohol intake in huge amounts (daily for several years) causes fats to accumulate in blood vessels and block them Medications such as corticosteroids (Prednisolone) when taken on a long basis in high doses can increase your risk of AVN. Other medication such as biphosphate (a treatment for osteoporosis), when used over long periods, can lead to a rare condition called osteonecrosis of the jaw. Diseases such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, sickle cell anemia, organ transplantation, and dialysis can lead to AVN Often AVN is missed because, early in the course of this disorder, there are no symptoms. The first symptom present is pain in the affected bone/joint such as groin pain in AVN of...

Summary in Russian:

Вы должны знать, что асептический некроз представляет собой на самом деле. Вы должны знать факторы риска и причины. Вы должны знать симптоматику. Вы должны знать, как диагностировать АВН.


Article in English: Average breast height, which is a forestry measurement, is 4 1⁄2 ft (1.4 m) from ground level. Wrap a fabric measuring tape around the trunk at this height, and note the tree’s circumference.  If the ground is sloped, measure 4 1⁄2 ft (1.4 m) from ground level on the uphill side, mark the spot, then do the same on the downhill side. The average breast height is the midpoint between the uphill and downhill measurements. For a trunk that forks at a height less than 4 1⁄2 ft (1.4 m), measure the circumference just below the fork. To find the diameter, divide the circumference by pi, or approximately 3.14. Then find the radius by dividing the diameter by 2. For example, if the circumference is 154 in (390 cm), the diameter is approximately 49 in (120 cm), and the radius is about 24 1⁄2 in (62 cm). For tree species with thick bark, such as black oak, subtract 1 in (2.5 cm) from the radius measurement. Subtract 1⁄4 in (0.64 cm) for species with thin bark, such as birch. If you’re not sure and just want a rough estimate, subtract 1⁄2 in (1.3 cm) from the radius. Including the bark would add extra girth and throw off your measurements. Check around the tree in question for dead or fallen trees of the same species. If you find one with visible rings, measure the radius and count the rings. Then divide the radius by the number of rings to find the average ring width.  Suppose there’s a nearby stump with a radius of 25 in (64 cm), and you count 125 rings. The average ring width would be 1⁄5 in (0.51 cm). Growth rates vary by tree species and environmental conditions. The living tree you’re measuring probably grew at a rate similar to a tree of the same species that grew nearby. You’ll plug your ring width measurement or, if there are no nearby stumps, an average growth rate into an equation to estimate the tree’s age. Even if you have the average ring width, you can also use the average growth rate to estimate the age, then compare the results of the 2 methods. If you can’t find any nearby stumps or felled trees, search...

Summary in Russian:

Измерьте окружность ствола на высоте вашей груди. Найдите диаметр и радиус ствола. Вычтите 0,6–2,5 сантиметра, чтобы учесть толщину коры. Оцените ширину годичных колец по находящимся рядом упавшим деревьям. При необходимости поищите среднюю скорость роста определенного вида. Поделите радиус на среднюю ширину годичных колец. Поделите обхват ствола (длину его окружности) на среднюю годовую скорость роста.


Article in English: Avocados are a great all around superfood because they are high in unsaturated fats and low in saturated fats. They are great for sexual health as well. Since they are heart-healthy foods, they keep blood circulating, which can help with arousal. Proper circulation and heart health helps men and women receive blood flow to their genitals.  Avocados contain potassium and B6 which promotes blood flow and delays heart disease. Men with heart disease are more prone to erectile dysfunction than men with healthy hearts. Almonds are related to increased cardiovascular health, which helps keep blood vessels healthy. Promoting cardiovascular health helps reduce the risk of obesity, which can lead to decreased libido and poor sexual health. Healthy blood vessels also help men and women get aroused and achieve orgasm.  Almonds contain zinc, selenium and vitamin E. Zinc is associated with the production of sex hormones in men and can boost libido. Selenium is known to help in infertility in women. Vitamin E is involved in improving the heart and cell walls and hence improves blood flow, which is good for the sex organs. Almonds are also believed to promote passion and act as an aphrodisiac. Almonds are also believed to help with fertility in women and lower the chances of men getting erectile dysfunction. While the smell of onions and garlic may not be sexy, the nutritional benefits can help with your sexual health. Onions can help strengthen reproductive organs for both sexes. Garlic is believed to help increase sexual stamina, while onions are supposed to increase the libido.  Onion is a great source of minerals. It contains the mineral chromium which helps in regulating blood sugar. Onion also helps in producing good cholesterol. They both increase testosterone in men. Fish contains high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3s are good fats, which are essential for circulation health. Promoting healthy circulation health in your body helps improve your sexual health since it helps blood flow easier to the penis,...

Summary in Russian:

Ешьте авокадо. Включите в рацион больше миндаля. Добавьте лука и чеснока. Ешьте больше рыбы. Ешьте морковь. Добавьте в рацион больше листовой зелени. Ешьте черную малину. Попробуйте инжир. Ешьте кайенский перец.


Article in English: Avocados oxidize quickly. Cutting them at the absolute last moment ensures that they stay fresh and green. Start by cutting an onion in half. Halve again until you have one quarter. Dice the onion with a sharp knife. Set aside in a small bowl. If you want onion with a less acidic bite, wash your diced onion under cold water in a colander and drain. Water will help remove some of the sulfuric acid in onions (the same sulfuric acid that makes you cry when you cut an onion).

Summary in Russian:

Нарежьте лук.


Article in English: Avoid abstract imagery and go for concrete descriptions of people, places, and things in your poem. You should always try to describe something using the five senses: smell, taste, touch, sight, and sound. Using concrete imagery will immerse your reader in the world of your poem and make images come alive for them. For example, rather than try to describe a feeling or image with abstract words, use concrete words instead. Rather than write, “I felt happy,” you may use concrete words to create a concrete image, such as, “My smile lit up the room like wildfire.” Literary devices like metaphor and simile add variety and depth to your poetry. Using these devices can make your poem stand out to your reader and allow you to paint a detailed picture for your reader. Try to use literary devices throughout your poem, varying them so you do not use only metaphors or only similes in your writing. Poetry is made to be read out loud and you should write your poem with a focus on how it sounds on the page. Writing for the ear will allow you to play with the structure of your poem and your word choice. Notice how each line of your poem flows into one another and how placing one word next to another creates a certain sound  For example, you may notice how the word “glow” sounds compared to the word “glitter.” “Glow” has an “ow” sound, which conjures an image of warmth and softness to the listener. The word “glitter” is two syllables and has a more pronounced “tt” sound. This word creates a sharper, more rhythmic sound for the listener. Your poetry will be much stronger if you avoid cliches, which are phrases that have become so familiar they have lost their meaning. Go for creative descriptions and images in your poem so your reader is surprised and intrigued by your writing. If you feel a certain phrase or image will be too familiar to your reader, replace it with a more unique phrase. For example, you may notice you have used the cliche, “she was as busy as a bee” to describe a person in your poem. You may replace this...

Summary in Russian:

Используйте конкретные образы. Применяйте литературные приемы. Пишите так, чтобы строки хорошо звучали. Избегайте клише.


Article in English: Avoid adding more than a pinch of salt to your food when you cook it and don't add salt once you are getting ready to eat. You need a small amount of salt in your diet, but you will get more than enough through the prepared foods that you eat and the small amounts you add to your food.  Adding excess salt will only cause you to retain excess fluids, which causes high blood pressure. Keep in mind that seas salt and kosher salt have the same amount of sodium as regular table salt.  Salt makes your body retain fluid, which can lead to an increase in blood pressure. Processed foods are typically loaded with salt and other additives, such as the preservative sodium benzoate. Remember, it's not just the salt that you put on your food while cooking or at the table, it's also the amount of sodium that's in the prepared foods that you buy.  Sodium causes your body to retain water, which can increase your blood pressure. It is usually listed on the nutritional breakdown on the label of prepared foods.  Read labels and buy low-salt, low-sodium, or unsalted foods. Foods that commonly have a ton of salt in them are prepared, canned, and bottled foods. These include meats, pickles, olives, soups, chili, bacon, ham, sausage, bakery products, and meats with added water, which will have a higher sodium content. Also, avoid prepared condiments, such as prepared mustard, salsa, chile sauce, soy sauce, ketchup, barbecue sauce and other sauces. Many American diets include up to 5000 milligrams (5g) of sodium daily, which nearly all medical professionals consider extremely unhealthy. While you usually can't, and don't want to, cut out all sodium, it's important to try to get to below 2 g (2000 mg) per day. To do this, track your total daily intake of salt/sodium, and make sure you are avoiding as much sodium as you can.  To track how much sodium you have eaten it's a good idea to keep a food journal or use a tracking app. There are a variety of fitness and health apps that will allow you to track your sodium intake throughout the...

Summary in Russian:

Не добавляйте в продукты лишнюю соль. Не ешьте переработанную еду. Следите за количеством потребляемой соли.


Article in English: Avoid applying apple cider vinegar to broken or damaged skin. Vinegar is irritating and may make your compromised skin vulnerable to bacterial infections. Your doctor can treat bacterial infections with topical or oral antibiotics. Minimize skin irritation by not putting vinegar on your face or genitals. This will likely sting and can compromise the integrity of your skin. It is especially important to avoid your eye area. Rinse your skin and halt your vinegar use if the vinegar stings or inflames your skin. There are no confirmed medical benefits of using vinegar topically. It's best to consult a doctor about any skin concerns rather than trying untested home remedies. Avoid applying apple cider vinegar to your skin for more than a minute or two at a time, especially not with occlusive dressings, such as bandages. Especially under dressings, vinegar can erode your skin and cause serious burns. Some skin types may be more sensitive to acids like vinegar than others, so it's difficult to advise on a safe level of exposure.

Summary in Russian:

Используйте яблочный уксус только на здоровой коже. Избегайте чувствительных областей. Прекратите использовать яблочный уксус, если чувствуете жжение или раздражение. Не наносите яблочный уксус на кожу в течение продолжительного периода времени.


Article in English: Avoid areas that are high in crime and gun violence. Sometimes these areas are unavoidable, but stay inside as much as you can if you need to be in these areas. If you must go outside in areas that are unsafe, go through those areas quickly, rather than hanging out on the street with friends or on your own. Avoid walking to places that you need to go to and instead take the bus or a car (a friend's car or your own). Crime rates go up at night, so avoid unsafe and even relatively safe areas once it gets dark. Really, nothing good ever happens at 2am. Just get inside and spend your evening safely. Certain types of clothing will attract the notice of cops and suspicious neighbors. While you should be able to wear whatever you want, this doesn't do anything to change the reality. You'll also want to avoid wearing gang colors if you know you'll be going through gang territory. Dressing gangsta and wearing red in certain parts of LA, for example: not very smart. Don't get in to drugs, don't get involved with gangs, and don't start a life of crime. In fact, don't even go anywhere near gangs if it can be helped, it's a myth that you need to murder a random person to become part of a gang, but that doesn't mean that it is a good idea to join one. Putting yourself in these dangerous situations will significantly increase the chances of you getting shot at. A wise man once said, "Don't start none, ain't gonna be none". This means if you don't start trouble, you'll go a long way towards avoiding trouble. Stealing some guys stereo or sleeping with his girlfriend is just not a smart move. Avoid crazy dudes by just avoiding trouble.

Summary in Russian:

Не лезьте в опасные районы города. В опасных районах ходите быстро. Не появляйтесь в опасных районах по ночам. Одевайтесь так, чтобы не привлекать к себе внимания. Избегайте наркотиков, банд и преступлений. Не провоцируйте конфликт.


Article in English: Avoid arousing suspicions around bedtime; just do everything normally, such as teeth cleaning and saying goodnight to everyone in the house. If you know your parents will check on you before going to bed, listen for when they come. Hide whatever you are doing and pretend to be asleep. Normally, when pretending to be asleep, you do not move, however, it is okay to turn a little in your "sleep".  Don't snore unless you are known to snore. It helps to pull your blanket over your face to save half the trouble of keeping a straight relaxed face. Consider sleeping with the radio on to give you cover. If you accidentally make a sudden noise, it'll be blamed on the radio.

Summary in Russian:

Выполните привычные вечерние действия. Приготовьтесь к ночной проверке.


Article in English: Avoid baggy clothing or dangling jewelry that could catch in the drill as you lean over it. Wear safety goggles or glasses that cover the sides of your eyes, to protect them from flying debris. A handheld electric drill produces about 90 decibels, which is just enough to cause hearing damage after prolonged exposure. Most cordless drills are quiet enough that hearing protection is not necessary. Impact drills (hammer drills) are the loudest handheld drills, producing over 100 dB. Hearing protection is recommended whenever using them. If the project kicks up a lot of dust, wear breathing protection. A dust mask is only good for short-term comfort. Use a respirator if you drill regularly or for long periods of time, or if the material you are drilling is a known respiratory hazard. Each respirator is rated for certain types of hazards. Make sure the one you use is suited to your project. Using a bit made from the wrong material can cause the bit or the material you're drilling to break. You can use a general-purpose bit on most wood; a masonry bit for stone, brick or concrete; an HSS (high speed steel) bit on most metals; and a carbide or diamond-tipped bit on very hard, brittle surfaces such as porcelain, glass, or glazed tiles. There are many specialized bit designs, so consult the drill manual or bit manufacturer if you're not sure which bit to use. When drilling a hole for a screw, there's an easy way to find the right size bit. Hold the screw up directly behind the bit. The bit should hide the shaft of the screw from view, but the screw threads should still be visible on both sides. . The chuck is the clamp in the "jaws" of the drill. This holds the drill bit in place as it spins. To replace a drill bit, make sure the drill is off (and unplugged if corded), then loosen the chuck by rotating it. Depending on the drill, you may be able to do this by hand, or you may need a chuck key located in a compartment in the top or handle of the drill. Insert the drill bit into the chuck, then tighten again. Make sure...

Summary in Russian:

Обеспечьте себе защиту глаз и наденьте безопасную рабочую одежду. Если вы регулярно работаете с дрелью, используйте средства защиты слуха. При необходимости используйте защиту дыхательных путей. Правильно подберите сверло. Надежно зафиксируйте сверло в патроне дрели При сверлении отверстий в небольших объектах фиксируйте их тисками. Безопасно обращайтесь с электропроводом.


Article in English: Avoid being seen. If you see the wolf before it sees you, walk away silently. Stay vigilant. Remember: where there's one wolf, there are likely more wolves around. Wolves sometimes travel alone, but they almost always hunt in packs. Always maintain eye contact, and do not turn your back. If you try to escape, keep the wolves in front of you. If the wolves get behind you, their predatory instincts may kick in. Slowly back away while facing the pack. Wolves are faster than you, especially when you're navigating the woods. Furthermore, running will cause a wolf's prey drive to kick in. If the wolves weren't chasing you before, there's a good chance that they'll start chasing you when you run.

Summary in Russian:

Старайтесь не ходить туда, где раньше были замечены волки. Если волк увидит вас, медленно отходите. Не убегайте.


Article in English: Avoid blowing problems out of proportion in your mind. Catastrophic thinking, blaming yourself, and jumping to conclusions all undermine your mental strength. Instead, try to take a realistic view of the situation.  Stay in perspective by conducting reality testing against such thoughts. Ask yourself whether you have clear evidence to support the thought. Or, decide if there is a better, more realistic way of viewing the situation. For instance, if you give a bad talk in front of 100 people, you might think, “I’m a terrible speaker. I should never speak to a crowd again.” If that happens, take a mental step back and remind yourself, “Lots of people have given one bad speech. It’s not the end of the world.” Try consulting a trusted friend or advisor in order to gain some perspective. This person is not as emotionally invested and can be more objective, which may give you new things to consider. Strong-minded people are confident and resilient no matter how other people are performing. If you are going to compare, it should be against goals you have made and achieved in the past, to show how you’ve grown.  Although strong-minded people are often in competitive fields, such as sales, athletics, politics and academics, they win by being able to move past competitive pressures. Pay attention to your social media use and determine whether it’s causing you to compare yourself, feel inadequate, or suffer from any other negative impacts. Avoid feeling sorry for yourself or telling yourself a situation is hopeless. Look for ways you can take control instead. Dismiss your negative thoughts and ask yourself, “What can I do about it?”  Your self-talk can be a sneaky source of negativity, so keep an eye on it. If you notice that you’re giving yourself unhelpful feedback, change it to something positive instead. For example, you could change “Why do I even try?” to “I’m going to make one little improvement to the way I do this today.” This can be heavily impacted by the people you spend time with. If you notice that people...

Summary in Russian:

Посмотрите на свои проблемы со стороны. Не сравнивайте себя с другими. Мыслите конструктивно. Смиритесь с тем, что дискомфорт — это нормально. Не сдавайтесь.


Article in English: Avoid calling your flaws "flaws." Instead, see them as characteristics, rather than judging them harshly. Instead, see them as "quirks", "habits" or "something I do."  Do not label your characteristics as flaws. You can label yourself as "shy" or "withdrawn"--something that is probably bad. Or, you can simply think of yourself as a person who takes a while to warm up to new people -- which is totally normal. Use language that is loving and detailed rather than vague and judgmental. Look in the mirror everyday and say, "I really love myself." Literally say it out loud. Get on top of a high building and shout "I'm proud of myself." Say, for example, your flaw was being extremely ugly. If so, get on top of your roof and shout, "I'm ugly and I'm proud." People will respect you for your newfound bravery. Is it a "quirk"? A relatively harmless flaw may not really need "fixing"; you just may need to learn to work with your differences. Is it something that is sometimes useful? Some characteristics are sometimes a good thing, but sometimes a bad thing. That is not a flaw; it is just something that you have to work on to know when to use it, and when you have to approach things a different way. For example:  Stubbornness can be Determined. A stubborn person may be steadfast at the wrong time, and that may get problematic. But being steadfast about the right things can be a real gift.  Perfectionism sometimes is perfect. Perfectionists run into trouble when they try to make an imperfect world fit to exacting standards and get upset when the world will not cooperate. But surgeons, Olympic athletes, and engineers thrive in jobs where perfection is the goal. Include everything that occurs to you. Do not eliminate any quality because you think it might be redundant or unexceptional. List things like patience, kindness, bravery, determination, taste, intelligence, or loyalty. Sometimes there is so much focus on flaws, that the strengths a person possess get lost. Having a comprehensive self-image will help you take a more...

Summary in Russian:

Переименуйте недостатки. Составьте список всех своих достоинств и способностей. Составьте список всего, чем вы гордитесь. Перечислите и осознайте свои склонности или потребности. Оцените свой прошлый опыт. Измените мысли.


Article in English: Avoid clothes which look overly casual, dirty, stained, or ruined. Don't wear clothes that have holes or otherwise look distressed. Try to go out in nice - smart but simple- clothes when you run errands. Avoid trendy clothes like bell-bottom jeans or over-sized shoulder pads. Instead, opt for classic cuts on most items of clothing. This will keep you looking timelessly elegant. Knee length skirts with even hem lines, tailored button-down shirts in men's style, and knee-length trench coats are among a large number of classic cut items. Make sure that the clothes you do have fit. They should not be too small (showing or creating bulges) or too large (hanging from your frame). Don't get married to a size, every time you try on new clothes, also try on a size up and a size down. Get items tailored, if you can, to ensure an even better fit. Lean away from cheap acrylic material or cheap cotton and opt for clothing made from more luxurious materials. This will show and make your clothing look more expensive, even if it isn't. Silk, satin, modal, cashmere, Chantilly or other quality lace, many sheer fabrics, and limited velvet are all acceptable options. Thick materials that add bulk should usually be avoided, as these will detract from your smooth lines. When choosing colors, go for high contrast colors that are very light and dark compared to each other (red, white and black, for example). Classic neutral colors also work well (grey, beige, navy, plum, emerald green, champagne pink, etc.). Other elegant color combinations include blue and gold, pink and white, and white and teal/seafoam. Keep your outfits simple: not too many accessories, not too many layers. Avoid patterns and pattern mixing. Don't get overly showy, either. Jewelry should be simple and should go with what you are wearing and doing. Don't wear anything that is too dressy for what you're doing: go for nice, but not unreasonable. For example, a cocktail dress is a bit much for going grocery shopping but a black or navy pencil skirt, a cream-colored...

Summary in Russian:

Одевайтесь красиво. Носите одежду классического кроя. Носите одежду по фигуре. Подбирайте качественные ткани. Делайте акцент на очень контрастные или классические цвета. Цените простоту. Подбирайте удачные аксессуары. Оставайтесь стильной.


Article in English: Avoid cowlicks or uncontrollable bedhead with a topknot. Turn your head upside down, gather your hair and twist it into a ponytail. Use smoothing product to control any loose strands. Heavy hair can look like a lifeless blanket with no bounce. Ask your stylist to add layers with a mid-length cut to remove weight in the roots of your hair and give it some movement. Avoid too much layering because your hair may look like a triangle. Mid-length hair may look like a helmet when thick hair gets too big for a choppy bob. Ask your stylist to add dimension to a chin-length cut by adding layers. Get rid of fluffiness with a balm or silky wax. You need product to anchor your pouf and weigh down your hair while still allowing it to move.  Consult your stylist to choose the right product to bring out the dimension to your hair while weighing it down. Thinning shears and razors may damage your hair or cause frizz if not utilized correctly. Tell your stylist if thinning shears have damaged your hair in the past. Use them only on the ends of your hair if you are prone to frizziness. Ask your stylist to use a different method to thin out your hair or give you layers if thinning shears and razors have damaged your hair in the past. Look online or talk to your stylist to find braids that suit your style. Braids look great with thick hair and keep your volume under control. If you can’t control the frizz, weave your hair into an easy to maintain braid. Work with your stylist to find a style that suits your hair type and face shape. While she may thin out your hair, it may reveal small layers on the underside of your hair that will make your hair feel thin but look full and uniform. Search online or provide pictures for your stylist to give a starting off point. Find inspiration from celebrities with the same hair type.

Summary in Russian:

Завязывайте пучок на макушке, чтобы ваша прическа не выглядела, как будто вы только что проснулись. Срежьте часть густых волос. Постригите волосы каскадом, чтобы прическа не была похожа на шлем. Подстригайте волосы подходящими филировочными ножницами и бритвой. Заплетайте волосы в косы. Поговорите с парикмахером.


Article in English: Avoid crossing your legs or slouching while you sit. Bend your knees at 90-degree angles, and try to keep them aligned with your hips. Sit up straight, but maintain your back's natural curves, which resemble the curves of the letter S.  Try using a lumbar pillow to support the curve in your lower back. Keep a small gap between the edge of your seat and the back of your knees. Maintain good posture throughout the day, whether you're at your desk, driving or walking. If you work in an office or have to sit for long periods, try to get up and stretch at least every half hour. Staying in the same position for long periods of time can cause your joints to lock up and creak. When you get up and move around, try doing neck stretches, shoulder stretches, and knee bends. If possible, go for a walk around your office or up and down a hallway. Maintain an upright position as you walk, and avoid slouching or staring down at your phone. Try not to let your ankles roll or allow your knees to collapse inward, and keep your hips from tilting up and down.  Point your toes forward as you walk, and keep your knees aligned with your toes when you bend them.  Improper walking posture can lead to long-term joint issues. If your knees, ankles, and hips fall out of alignment, you might hear your tendons crack and pop as they rub against bones. Over time, this friction can result in joint damage. Never bend over from your waist and lift objects with your back. Instead, face forward, keep your torso straight, bend your knees and stick your rear end out as you lower yourself toward the ground. Bring the object as close to your body as you can, and raise your body by steadily straightening your legs.  Keep your legs in a wide stance when you lower yourself to pick up the object. When you lift, straighten your legs steadily instead of using jerking motions. Engage your abdominal muscles as you lift to maintain your core's stability. If you usually wake up with sore, creaking joints, changing your sleeping position might help. Sleeping on...

Summary in Russian:

Сядьте прямо, облокотитесь на спинку стула и поставьте ноги ровно на пол. Не сидите дольше 30 минут. Ходите с расправленной грудью, сохраняя ровную линию тела от головы до пят. При поднятии предметов переносите нагрузку со спины на ноги. Спите на боку или спине, а не на животе.


Article in English: Avoid drastic measures that could cause rapid weight loss in your cat. This could lead to a serious liver condition called hepatic lipidosis, where excess fat that is broken down accumulates in the liver. This makes your cat feel ill and decreases his appetite, setting up a vicious cycle of more body fat breakdown and fat accumulating in the liver. If you suspect your cat has hepatic lipidosis, get your cat prompt medical treatment at a veterinary hospital. It's a life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment. Overweight cats are more likely to develop diabetes, where the body doesn't create or manage insulin and blood sugar levels properly. If a cat develops diabetes, it may be manageable through gradual weight loss and a high-protein diet  alone, while other cats will need daily insulin injections by their owners for the rest of their life. Obese cats are also at risk to develop painful osteoarthritis due to years of excess weight stressing the bones and joints. In addition, they are at risk of developing high blood pressure, heart disease, and some forms of cancer. Obese and overweight cats have a tendency to be less energetic, sleep more, and have fewer interactions with their families. This is how they get the reputation of being fat and lazy. The vet will do a thorough examination to make sure there are no underlying health issues. The vet can then guide you on to the type and amount of food you should feed your cat. You'll also be told how much weight your cat should lose each month and how much weight he should lose overall. Your vet will probably recommend that your cat lose a quarter pound a week or one pound a month, depending on your cat's frame, size, breed, and sex. You may want to get a measuring cup with 1/8th measure increments. This will help measure the appropriate amount of food for your cat. Look for commercial cat foods that are high in fiber and can be fed "as-is" or mix 1 to 2 teaspoons of a powdered fiber supplement into wet food. You can also feed 1 to 2 tablespoons of...

Summary in Russian:

Избегайте резкого снижения веса и связанных с этим осложнений. Изучите возможные проблемы со здоровьем у кошек с лишним весом. Разработайте индивидуальный план действий с ветеринаром. Давайте кошке корм с высоким содержанием клетчатки. Кормите кошку едой, богатой белками. Уменьшите размер ежедневной порции еды питомца. Следите за тем, как кошка сбрасывает вес.


Article in English: Avoid eating conventional produce that contains herbicides and pesticides that may negatively impact fertility. Conventional dairy sources may contain hormones and antibiotics that can increase estrogen levels in the body and harm fertility. If dairy does not agree with your stomach or diet plans, you can avoid dairy altogether and opt for a nut-based milk. Do not drink soy milk. In addition to being rich in protein and vitamin A, fish also contain healthy fatty acids that help increase hormone production, reduce inflammation, and ensure a regular menstrual cycle.  Aim to eat wild salmon, cod, and halibut, but avoid farmed fish whenever possible, as farmed fish may contain antibiotics and food coloring. Do not eat large deep sea fish like ahi tuna, swordfish, and sea bass, as these fish may be high in mercury which can be harmful to the body. Avoid consuming hormones and antibiotics that may increase estrogen levels by choosing to eat only grass-fed, organic meat. Protein is essential during your pregnancy, but be sure to avoid conventional meats.  Additionally, if you are concerned about endometriosis, limit your consumption of red meat, as the two have been linked by scientific study. Make sure you only consume poultry that is marked as free range, cage free, or organic as well. Whole grains are high in fiber and essential vitamins. Fiber is particularly important for your diet as it helps the body remove excess hormones and helps keep your blood sugar at a healthy level. Processed grains lack the nutrients necessary for a healthy pregnancy. In addition to regulating hormone levels and blood sugar levels, fiber also promotes healthy digestion. Try to eat fibrous fruits, vegetables, dark greens, beans, and whole grains with each meal. Soy contains a compound that acts like a hormone in your body and thus it can disrupt your hormone balance. Try to avoid all soy products while pregnant or trying to become pregnant. Processed sugar found in bottled juices, popsicles, candy, packaged desserts, etc. can disrupt...

Summary in Russian:

Ежедневно употребляйте органические овощи и фрукты. Выбирайте органические, жирные, непереработанные молочные продукты, производимые коровами, вскормленными травами. Ешьте рыбу с высоким содержанием омега-3 жирных кислот. Ешьте только органическое мясо от животных, которых кормили травами. Употребляйте цельное зерно, а не обработанные зерна. Употребляйте клетчатку с каждым приемом пищи. Избегайте употребления неферментированной сои. Сократите потребление рафинированного сахара. Обязательно пейте достаточное количество воды.


Article in English: Avoid eating only carbohydrates, and instead grab a meal that is high in protein (eggs), omega-3 fatty acids (salmon), fiber (black beans), or fruits and vegetables. Some "super foods" that help increase brain function and longevity include: blueberries, salmon, nuts and seeds, avocados, pomegranate juice, green tea, and dark chocolate. You may consider chomping down on one or two of these as part of your breakfast. Study in the car or on the bus with a friend. Get a few friends together the hour before the exam and quiz each other on key concepts. You want the information to be as fresh as possible in your mind. Be sure not to let the study session devolve into social hour. Right before the test, go through every one of your flashcards or notes, even if you think you have memorized them. You want everything to be fresh in your mind when you take the test.  If you are having some trouble remembering a certain definition or equation, write it down six or seven times in a row.  That should firmly imprint it on your brain. Make sure you do not take an info longer than three to four words/one formula at a time. Stare at your most important piece of information for at least 1-2 minutes. Concentrate well. Rewrite as the exam approaches to maximize memorization. Get to the exam room at least 5 minutes before the test, and make sure to hit the little girls' or boys' room before you settle down into your seat. You don't want to worry about nature's call while you're taking a test. After that, settle down, relax, and be confident. Visualize success.

Summary in Russian:

За час перед экзаменом скушайте легкий, сбалансированный завтрак. Спланируйте время для обучения. Пересмотрите свои заметки и информацию на карточках еще один раз. Определитесь с тем информационным блоком, который представляет особую важность для написания контрольной работы. Придите в экзаменационную аудиторию заранее и зайдите в туалет.


Article in English: Avoid feeding your dog chicken bones and long bones that splinter. They provide no benefit and may cause constipation and other problems. Talk to your vet about a diet that balances your dog's nutritional needs, weight, and oral hygiene. Tackling one isn't enough – you'll want to tackle all three. It's important to be able to recognize the signs of dental decay in your dog, so you can consult with a veterinarian as soon as possible. The main signs of dental decay include:  Bad breath Loosely fitting, discolored teeth covered by dental tartar. Bleeding gums. Poor appetite and a reluctance to eat hard food. Even with healthy teeth, your dog should have his teeth checked by a professional every six to twelve months, just like you. Your vet should include a dental examination with a normal checkup, but ask for it if they don't. Though cavities are less likely for your pup than you, many dogs still suffer from  oral and dental issues like bad breath, loose teeth, sore and infected gums, and rotting tooth sockets. It is very important to realize that maintaining dog dental health and oral hygienic is necessary to keep your dog healthy and friendly! If your dog has a lot of plaque or tartar build-up, you may need to schedule a cleaning with the vet to have the plaque removed. The vet will use specialized instruments to clean your dog's teeth. If a dental cleaning is necessary, it is advisable to do pre-anesthesia blood work to make sure your pet does not have any underlying problems. This is a quick procedure that you can likely do the same day.

Summary in Russian:

Держите собаку на приемлемом для зубов рационе. Научитесь распознавать признаки кариеса у вашей собаки. Составьте график обследований у вашего ветврача каждые шесть-двенадцать месяцев. Запланируйте чистку зубов у вашей собаки, если это необходимо.


Article in English: Avoid forgetting any tasks or appointments by always writing it down in a work designated notepad. You can use a digital notepad or a pen and paper. Show your professionalism by taking notes during meetings to stay organized and on track. To communicate professionally, you need to show you can write and speak with confidence and clarity. Be an active listener during meetings and discussions and wait until someone is finished speaking to share your thoughts. Speak slowly and concisely so everyone can understand your points and make note of them.  Take care not to speak over someone else and apologize if you inadvertently interrupt someone. If you notice problems or issues around a certain project or client, speak up to your coworkers and your superiors. Don't ignore or avoid these conflicts. Instead, face them head on by alerting others to the issues and working together to try to problem solve. If the issue is sensitive, schedule a time to speak to your supervisor privately. Most workplaces encourage managing your time effectively by using email or a phone call to discuss minor decisions or issues. Avoid calling a meeting for topics that could be addressed in 5 minutes with a quick email exchange or phone call. Wasting other people's time with unnecessary meetings can be seen as unprofessional.  Research your question or issue before bringing it to everyone else's attention. Look through your emails or office memos to ensure you aren't missing information that has been disseminated. There may be an instance where you need to call a face to face meeting to discuss a major issue. If this is the case, send a meeting invitation by email to your coworkers and/or clients. Check your coworkers' calendars to ensure they are available during the proposed time. Another key way to demonstrate professionalism is to be willing to learn from feedback. Remember that good feedback should be about your work and your results. It should never be personal. Getting angry or defensive about feedback can make you appear...

Summary in Russian:

Приходите на встречи и совещания с блокнотом. Говорите четко и по мере необходимости. Используйте телефон и электронную почту, если нет необходимости обсуждать ситуацию лицом к лицу. Учитесь принимать критику и делать выводы.


Article in English: Avoid fragrances or harsh soaps, as these can irritate the vagina. Use a gentle soap and your hands to clean the vaginal area. This will also reduce the sweat in the area, which can increase the menstrual odor. You may want to shower more than once on heavier days. Don’t wash the inside of your vagina. Wash only the vulva area, which is the outer part of your vagina. Douching disrupts the natural bacterial balance in the vagina. It has also been linked to numerous health problems including yeast infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and problems during pregnancy. Normal showers and changing of pads, tampons, or cups can help mitigate foul odors. Scented products can cause irritation in the vagina, and lead to a bacterial imbalance. This includes feminine wipes and spray deodorizers. They can also decrease the vagina’s natural protection against infections. As bacteria is typically the cause of menstrual odor, it is important to avoid these products. If you wish to wear a perfume or fragrance, try ones that go on your wrist or neck, as they do not have the same concerns as vaginal fragrances. If the odor is persistent or accompanied by an unusual (grey/greenish) discharge, then you should see a doctor. The presence of a persistent or unusual odor or discharge can indicate an STI or some other infection that requires medical attention.  Note, there is a vaginal scent that is normal, and does not require medical attention. Typically, you should seek medical attention for vaginal odor if it is fishy or different from normal.  Itching can also indicate that you may have an infection. See a doctor if your vagina itches along with having an odor.

Summary in Russian:

Принимайте душ ежедневно. Не делайте спринцевания. Не используйте ароматизированные продукты. Если неприятный запах сопровождается необычными выделениями (зелеными или серыми), обратитесь к врачу.


Article in English: Avoid generic texts like “Hey,” “What’s up?” or “What are you doing?” since they’re not ideal for starting conversations. Instead, try to personalize the texts to your crush. This will make you stand out in a positive way and shows that you're interested in them as an individual.  Try referring to the last conversation you had with them. For example, if they mentioned a big test or work project, ask them how it went. Talk about their interests. If you know your crush is a fan of a specific band, ask about their new album. If they have a favorite sports team, talk about a recent game. Use your texts to show your crush that you’re fun to be around. Keep the conversation focused on pleasant topics, and don’t be afraid to send a joke or two. Remember that comedy and sarcasm can be hard to decipher in texts, so make it clear when you’re joking by using an emoji or a phrase like “lol” or “haha.” Unless you know your crush enjoys them, you should probably avoid crass jokes. Even if you don’t intend to, crude jokes or comments might make your crush uncomfortable or nervous. You don’t need to write out an elaborate paragraph when texting. However, people are more likely to say yes to a date if your message has good spelling and grammar. Doublecheck your message before you send it to make sure there are no obvious mistakes. If you haven’t heard back from your crush, don’t bombard them with texts. They may be busy or trying to decide what to say, and a bunch of texts can be overwhelming. If you haven’t heard back in a day or two, you can try sending another message to see if they respond. If they still haven’t answered, they may not be interested. You don’t want to overwhelm your crush, so show a similar level of enthusiasm. Sending three long texts back for every short text they send will make you seem overly eager. Instead, try to match your message lengths to theirs.

Summary in Russian:

Сообщения должны быть личными. Поговорите о чем-то хорошем и позитивном. Помните про грамматические правила. Дайте девушке время на ответ. Отправляйте девушке примерно столько же сообщений, сколько она отправляет вам.


Article in English: Avoid glass cleaners with ammonia as it can damage tinted windows.  Almost all household glass cleaners contain ammonia.  Look for a glass cleaner which is labelled “safe for tinted windows” if you have tinted windows.  These are readily available at auto stores.  Plain water is a great windshield cleaner.  However, it does not contain the same compounds as commercial glass cleaner, and is somewhat less effective.  If you want to use water as a glass cleaner, you should definitely use it in conjunction with a microfiber towel to ensure your windshield is scrubbed clean. Keep in mind that ammonia is very harmful to a variety of materials. Ammonia can also be hazardous to your health, so be wary of using it in the interior of your car. Cleaning the windshield should be the last thing you do when cleaning or detailing your vehicle.  If you’re applying wax or polish, or repainting your vehicle, ensure you do it before you begin cleaning your windshield.  Otherwise, you might end up getting a bit of polish or other undesirable substance on your windshield after it has already been cleaned.  If you’re cleaning the car's interior windows, do them before cleaning your windshield from the inside so as to avoid getting the cleaning agents on your clean windshield. If your vehicle is parked out in the sun, your glass cleaner might evaporate before you get to scrub it off.  Park your car beneath a shady tree or in your garage before beginning a windshield cleaning. Obtain a high-quality microfiber towel to clean your windshield.  Ensure it has a weight of at least 300 GSM.  These towels can hold up to eight times their weight in water and are gentle on the smooth finish of your windshield.  Further, they prevent scratches by inducing electrostatic attraction in the particulates affixed to your windshield.  The matter is thus lifted from, rather than dragged across, your windshield.  Microfiber towels are readily available at your local auto store.

Summary in Russian:

Выберите правильное средство для очищения стекол. Планово подойдите к очищению ветрового стекла. Выберите подходящее место для очищения ветрового стекла. Приготовьте подходящие для работы тряпки.


Article in English: Avoid going out between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m., when the sun's rays are hottest. You can also avoid a sunburn this way. Instead, exercise or run errands early in the morning or late in the evening. The early morning and evening are usually cool enough to enjoy your walk, run, hike, bike, gardening, or yard work. Wear loosely-woven natural fabrics (cotton, silk, linen) rather than polyester, rayon, or other artificial fibers (with the possible exception of performance fabrics). Choose light colored clothing. Darker colors will absorb the sun's heat and stay warmer longer than light or white clothing, which reflects light and heat. Take off those shoes and socks, especially on extremely humid days. Wearing shoes and socks will make your feet sweat, and raise your overall body temperature. Go barefoot as often as you can. Grab some popsicles from the grocery store, make your own popsicles, or freeze a bag of chopped fruit such as watermelon, pineapple, or lemons. Cooling down can be a tasty experience too! Mint refreshes the skin and leaves a nice cooling sensation. Try a few minty or menthol products to cool your skin. Slather on lotion with peppermint (avoid your face and eyes), shower with peppermint soap, use a minty foot soak or other powders with mint. There are even a few minty recipes you could try, for example:  Watermelon Yogurt Mint Smoothie Irish Cream Mint Chocolate Drink Mint Truffles Smooth sheets help you stay cool, so opting for silk or satin can make you more comfortable. Crisp cotton sheets are better than flannel, which should be stored during summer months. Silk, satin, and cotton will feel smoother and cooler as you sleep.

Summary in Russian:

Избегайте часов пиковой жары. Носите летнюю одежду из натуральных тканей. Ходите босиком. Набейте морозилку замороженными фруктовыми лакомствами. Воспользуйтесь свойствами мяты. Используйте шелковые или сатиновые наволочки и простыни.


Article in English: Avoid hairsprays with added perfumes, oils, or conditioners, as they can stain and damage clothing. Check the ingredients list on the bottle before using a hairspray. This will prevent the hairspray from drying out on the stain. Hold the hairspray about 2 inches (5 cm) from the stain while you're spraying. Make sure the stain is completely soaked with hairspray. Use a toothbrush for smaller stains. Check to see if the pen stain is gone before you put the garment in the dryer. If the stain is still there, apply more hairspray to the stain or try using a different stain remover.

Summary in Russian:

Используйте лак для волос, в состав которого входит спирт. Промокните чернильное пятно влажной тканевой салфеткой или губкой. Распылите лак для волос на чернильное пятно. Вотрите лак для волос в чернильное пятно, используя щетку. Постирайте предмет одежды как обычно.


Article in English: Avoid handling your newly-dyed facial hair too much, as the friction may rub off the coloring. Instead, let the water run through your beard and comb it out gently with your fingers. Most of the time, a simple rinse will be enough to keep your beard clean and your color intact.  Hot water is more likely to cause fading than cooler temperatures.  Wait until your beard is dry before brushing it or applying any other products, like lotions or oils. Invest in shampoos and conditioners formulated for use on color-treated hair. These are designed to clear away dirt and oil without affecting the hair's color. You'll be able to find these types of products in the beauty aisle of most major supermarkets and pharmacies.  Stay away from cleaning products containing harsh chemicals. If you're used to shampooing and conditioning your beard every time you shower, consider cutting down to once or twice a week. Most dyes are non-permanent, which means they'll need to be reapplied when they begin to fade. For follow up colorings, you'll probably only need to go through a single round of coloring. Treating your beard regularly will keep it looking thick, full and youthful.  Aim to dye your beard every 3-6 weeks, or sooner if needed.  Because of how fast facial hair grows, your beard's roots may need to be touched up more frequently than the rest of it.

Summary in Russian:

Осторожно промывайте бороду, когда будете принимать душ. Используйте моющие средства для окрашенных волос. Подкрашивайте бороду время от времени.


Article in English: Avoid hard foods, as well as foods that require you to stretch your mouth open wide. These can include nuts, hard candy, hard baked goods, and larger fruits or vegetables like whole apples or uncut, raw carrots. You should also avoid chewing gum and other stretchy candy, such as taffy. If you sleep on your side and you're experiencing jaw pain, you may want to try sleeping on your back at night to remove pressure from your jaw. You may also want to invest in a mouth guard to keep from grinding your teeth at night, as this may contribute to jaw pain without your realizing that it is happening. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help treat inflammation and other symptoms of jaw pain. Gels or mouth swabs containing Benzocaine or similar active ingredients can be found at most drug stores and provide topical pain relief to teeth and jaws. Move your jaw open and closed, then work the jaw from side to side. Gradually increase the frequency of these exercises. First try using a hot compress, but if heat does not alleviate pain or inflammation, try a cold compress.  Run a towel or wash cloth under warm-to-hot tap water. Wring out excess water. Once the towel is at a comfortable temperature that will not burn the skin, apply it to the affected area of your jaw. Hold the hot compress on for about five to ten minutes, and repeat several times each day. If a hot compress does not work, use a cold compress or an ice pack. Ice packs should be used for about 20 minutes on, then 20 minutes off. Make sure you wrap the cold compress in a t-shirt or other thin fabric so the cold doesn't damage your skin. You may also want to try alternating hot and cold compresses to maximize the benefits of each. Use a hot compress for five minutes, then a cold compress for five minutes.

Summary in Russian:

Измените рацион. Спите в другой позе. Принимайте обезболивающие средства. Попробуйте применить наружные средства. Выполняйте физические упражнения для мышц челюсти. Прикладывайте горячие или холодные компрессы.


Article in English: Avoid holidays and special occasions like birthdays and anniversaries at all costs. Do you really want your ex remembering your insensitivity every time that day rolls around? No you don't. Statistics show that most students break up during summer break. For everyone else, Monday seems to be the most popular day of the week for breaking up. The less public, the better. Don't do it in a place where the person on the receiving end isn't going to feel especially vulnerable. Avoid these break up locations at all costs:  The office. At a wedding. In a car. At school. In a restaurant or nightclub.

Summary in Russian:

Выберите подходящее время. Подберите подходящее место.


Article in English: Avoid horizontal stripes and excessive patterns. These will draw unwanted attention to your body that you may be trying to avoid. Solid colors are a safer choice if you want to appear slimmer.  The tried and true rule is that black is generally very slimming and flattering. Sticking with darker colors are a safe bet because brighter/lighter colors draw attention to your body and are less effective at camouflaging certain trouble areas. If you do choose a pattern, think vertical. Any vertical stripes or patterns that flow vertically will follow the length of your body and elongate it rather than cutting it off like horizontal patterns would. Statistics show that many women wear the incorrect bra size on a daily basis. Go to a store and get professionally fitted for a bra. The store clerk will make sure you figure out the exact right size for you. If your bra is too small, it can make you look top-heavy; if your bra is too big, it will make you look frumpy.  A well-fitting bra can also have a minimizing effect for women who feel they are too top-heavy. Wearing shapewear garments under your clothing will help slim your figure, smooth out lines, and give you better posture. All of these are good things that will help your clothes look more flattering. A wide belt (not a skinny belt) will help hide your tummy if that is a problem area for you. Sparkly earrings or exciting headbands can draw attention away from your body and direct people to look elsewhere. In general, shoes that stop at your ankle or have ankle straps will make your legs look shorter and cut off the smooth lines of your body. Instead, go with some tall boots or ballet flats. And of course, heels make everyone’s legs look great.

Summary in Russian:

Знайте, какие модели вам идут. Выбирайте бюстгальтер правильного размера. Приобретите корректирующее белье. Выбирайте аксессуары правильно. Выбирайте обувь правильно.


Article in English: Avoid isolating yourself from people you love and things you enjoy. When you disconnect from people and activities, it can increase feelings of loneliness and make you feel worse. Connect with friends and family regularly, especially face-to-face. You don’t have to talk about your feelings, but it can be helpful to be around people who support you. If you don’t have friends or family near you, participate in local social activities, volunteer, and make some new friends. Feeling anxious can lead to avoidant thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. Many people who experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also feel emotionally numb as part of their symptoms. Additionally, depression can lead to numbness and loss of joy and interest in activities.  If you feel your emotional numbness is a result of one of these problems, see a therapist about getting a diagnosis and treatment. A diagnosis can help shed light on any other problems that may be occurring. Treatment can give you hope and help you feel more connected to your emotions. Numbness can stem from feeling depressed, anxious, or upset. A therapist can help you work through your emotions at an appropriate pace and not overwhelm you or hurt you. They may also help you gain a better understanding and perspective on past and current situations that are contributing to your emotional numbness. You can learn to identify and label your emotions and make sense of them.  A therapist may have you try psychotherapy as well as other practices like meditation, self-hypnosis, focusing, and centering. These practices can help you relax, soothe yourself, and allow emotions to flow in a manageable manner. Find a therapist by calling your insurance company or a local mental health clinic. You can also get a recommendation from a friend, family member, or physician. If you’re currently taking medications and feel like your emotional numbness may be a result of the medications, have a discussion with your physician. They might change your dose or switch you to a different...

Summary in Russian:

Общайтесь с людьми. Обратитесь к специалисту за диагнозом. Поговорите с психотерапевтом. Поговорите с терапевтом.


Article in English: Avoid keeping a long list of tasks that keeps getting longer. Instead, integrate your to-do list into your daily schedule. When you learn of a new task, break it into parts and write each part down under the date that you will do it. Make sure you note its deadline, in case you don't get to it on time.  You might want to keep a schedule of daily tasks and a to-do list of running projects, but consider keeping a weekly to-do and a monthly to-do instead of one long list. Keeping a list of unscheduled tasks leads will cause you to burn out on your projects before you even do them. Start your day by tackling the most important item on your agenda. Schedule the first order of business to be the one thing you absolutely must accomplish that day. That way, if you are interrupted later, you will have at least done the most important thing. Anything that is due or is especially important is a good candidate for a first task. Schedule every part of each task, including emails you have to send, planning you have to do, and items you need to get. Otherwise you might waste time sitting down to accomplish something only to realize you are missing essential ingredients. Before you start each task, spend a few minutes thinking about what you want your end result to be. This will help you be more directed and focused. Write your goals for each day or each task down in your planner, or simply sit and think. If you are working with someone, state your goals aloud. Devote each block to one task. Multitasking is less efficient as a rule. Focus on one project, even if that project has diverse parts, during each block. Scheduling time off sounds counterintuitive, but it will help. Do not plan on overworking yourself. Working through exhaustion and bodily needs should only happen in emergencies. Schedule short breaks every 45 minutes to an hour, as this is as long as most people can focus.  Take time away from your desk or computer. Schedule time with loved ones, time to prepare meals, and time to be alone. If you are prone to...

Summary in Russian:

Составляйте расписание в соответствии со своими приоритетами. Начинайте с самых больших задач. Делите каждую задачу на части. Прежде чем делать, подумайте. Делите свой день на блоки. Уделяйте время отдыху.


Article in English: Avoid letting your cats just fight out their issues. Cats can’t really resolve any problems through fighting and fighting will often make the conflict worse. Interrupt or stop any fighting by clapping your hands loudly or spraying a warning shot from a water bottle or gun.  Avoid yelling at them to stop fighting or displaying open aggression by throwing an object at them. This will create more stress and possibly more fighting down the road. Instead, calmly interrupt the fight. You can try to distract the cats with toys to prevent the fight from starting up again. You should also avoid trying to soothe the cats after they have had a fight. Instead, leave them both alone once they separate and stop fighting. Due to their solitary nature, cats are often best left alone to recover from a conflict. Some cat owners have found a calming pheromone spray like Feliway can help to reduce overall stress levels in the living space. You can also get Feliway in the form of a plug-in diffuser that releases the calming pheromone throughout the home. The spray may not work on all cats to calm them down and it may not stop every conflict from occurring. But it can help to maintain a calm, stress free environment in the living space for both cats. Often, two fighting cats will be looking to their owner to help them process the stress and anxiety of having to live with each other. Observe their behavior towards you and if you notice any signs of stress, such as tense body posture, twitching tails or dilated pupils, respond by giving the cats some attention. Do this by playing with both cats at the same time, using two separate sets of toys. You can also groom your cats to give them some love and attention. Rub their bellies and their heads, but avoid picking them up and carried them or cuddling them. Most cats get stressed out when held and prefer to be groomed on the ground. Some cat owners have found rubbing tuna juice on their cats’ bodies and heads can help to distract the cats from fighting. Your cats may be come so...

Summary in Russian:

Останавливайте драки хлопками в ладоши или обрызгиванием кошек из пульверизатора. Пользуйтесь спреем с успокаивающими кошачьими феромонами. Уделяйте одинаковое время общению с каждой кошкой и грумингу. Проконсультируйтесь с ветеринаром, если ваши кошки упорно продолжают драться.


Article in English: Avoid letting your dog get familiar with toileting indoors if you'd like it to toilet outside. If you have a place in your yard where you'd like your dog to toilet, bring it to the spot immediately. Before you even go into your house, let it sniff around the yard until your dog urinates or defecates. When your dog does urinate or defecate, give your dog lots of verbal praise and attention so your dog associates going to the bathroom outside with being praised. In order to make your French bulldog a good household member, begin potty training your dog as soon as you get it. If you wait to begin training and let your dog toilet on puppy pads, it will take longer to potty train it and you dog will be confused about where to toilet. You'll need to be very consistent and encouraging when you begin housebreaking your French bulldog. Most dogs will show signs that they need to toilet, so watch your French bulldog to become familiar with your dog's specific signs. You should also be in the habit of frequently giving it  the opportunity to toilet. Signs that your dog needs to toilet include:  Panting Pacing or sniffing around the house Barking Wandering off to a quiet area If you didn't notice your dog's cue to toilet or your dog accidentally goes in the house, thoroughly clean up the mess. You'll need to use a product designed for pet messes or a special pet-urine enzymatic cleaner. This will completely remove the scent of urine so your dog doesn't return to the same spot to toilet later. Don't scold or hit your dog for having an accident. Your dog won't be able to associate the punishment with the action (toileting inside) and your dog will learn not to trust you.

Summary in Russian:

Решите, где собака будет ходить в туалет. Начните обучать собаку как можно раньше. Научитесь узнавать признаки того, что собака хочет в туалет. Сразу же убирайте за собакой.


Article in English: Avoid looking like you have a double chin by keeping your head held high. Stick your chin out to make your neck look a bit longer. Practice holding your chin up and out in the mirror to see how the position looks best on you. Sometimes smiling in photos can cause your eyes to squint and your cheeks to look chubbier. A good way to avoid this is to stick your tongue to the roof of your mouth while you smile.  Your smile won’t be as broad as it may normally be, but it will still look like a nice smile in the photo. Practice this smile in the mirror so you can see how it looks. You can adjust your technique by placing your tongue in a different part of the roof of your mouth if you think it looks too forced. If you wear your hair up, try a loose updo instead of a bun or slicked back ponytail. For down hairstyles, try adding waves or curls to draw attention to balance your face, or add some lift to straight hair by using volumizing powder at your roots. Hair with volume adds balance to the shape of your head and your face. Men can add volume by styling their hair in a pompadour or by adding volumizing powder at their roots.

Summary in Russian:

Приподнимайте подбородок и выставляйте его вперед. Улыбаясь, упирайте язык в нёбо. Делайте себе объемные прически.


Article in English: Avoid making eye contact with the moving stairs and keep your gaze straight ahead as you ride the escalator. This will help you stay still on the escalator so you can get to your destination. This will also reduce any dizziness you might feel when riding the escalator. Use the side railings to steady yourself on the escalator and to prevent getting dizzy.  You can also travel with someone that will hold your arm as you ride the escalator. This can help with your sense of balance and perception of depth while on the escalator. Some people who suffer from a fear of escalators find wearing practical, sturdy shoes while on an escalator can give them a sense of security and comfort. Some people with a phobia of escalators dislike feeling trapped or boxed in, surrounded by others on the escalator during a busy time of day, or rush hour. Rather than try to ride a crowded escalator, wait until the crowd thins out. This may help you feel less crowded and trapped while riding the escalator.

Summary in Russian:

Когда будете на эскалаторе, смотрите вперед, а не вниз. Держитесь за перила или за чью-то руку. Вставайте на эскалатор, когда он пустой.