Article in English: Before you attempt to remove a foreign object from your eyes, it is important to know what to avoid.  Keep the following information in mind as you attempt to remove an object from your eye:  Never remove any piece of metal, large or small, that has lodged itself in the eye. Never put any pressure on the eye itself in an effort to dislodge the object. Never use tweezers, toothpicks, or other hard items to remove an object from your eye. Using a sterile eye wash solution to flush out your eyes is the best way to remove a foreign object or chemical irritant from your eyes. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) recommends flushing your eyes with water for at least fifteen minutes. Use a sterile eye wash solution to rinse eyes using a continuous stream of fluid. Keep in mind that eye wash solution does not neutralize many chemicals. It just dilutes them and washes them away. For this reason, you will need a large quantity of eye wash solution. If you are at home and you have a small foreign object in your eye such as an eyelash or piece of dirt, then you can try to flush it with gentle running water in the shower.  Do not aim the water right at your eye. Instead, allow the water to hit your forehead and run down your face over your eyes. Hold the affected eye open with your fingers to allow water to run over it. Allow the water to run over your eye for a couple of minutes to see if it removes the foreign object from your eye. The amount of time that you will need to rinse your eyes will vary based on the type of irritant or chemical that is in your eye. If you have a piece of something stuck in your eye, then you will need to wash until you feel it come out. If you have a chemical irritant in your eye as well, then you will need to rinse for a certain amount of time depending on the chemical.  For mildly irritating chemicals, rinse for five minutes. For moderate-to-severe irritants, rinse for at least 20 minutes. For non-penetrating corrosives such as acids, rinse for 20 minutes. For penetrating...

Summary in Russian:

Помните о том, чего следует избегать. Используйте раствор для промывания глаз. Встаньте под душ, чтобы вода стекала по вашим открытым глазам. Ознакомьтесь с временем промывания, которое рекомендуется при попадании в глаз различных химических веществ. Прибегните к немедленной медицинской помощи в том случае, если промывание глаза в течение нескольких минут не дало результатов.


Article in English: Before you attempt to treat your skin inflammation, you should familiarize yourself with common types of problems. This way, you can more effectively identify your ailment. This will help you figure out the safest, most healing treatment.  Eczema is a medical term used to describe several types of skin conditions that are characterized by redness and irritation. Psoriasis is another common skin problem. A common symptom of psoriasis is a thick, red, scaly area that covers parts of the skin. Rosacea typically affects facial skin and is a common disorder that causes redness and irritation. Make sure to consult your doctor if you suspect you have any of these conditions. Your skin inflammation might also be caused by external factors. Sunburn is one of the most common, but other causes include allergens such as food and plants. If you touch or eat something you are allergic to, you might see inflammation in your skin.  Many people suffer from dermatitis if they wear jewelry that contains even a small amount of nickel. If you know that your skin is sensitive, make sure to find out what your accessories are made of. Plants are also a common irritant. Some of the most common plants that cause dermatitis are poison ivy and poison oak. Your skin can be effected not only if you touch the plant itself, but if you touch another person or animal who has been in contact with it. Food allergens can also cause skin inflammation, and oftentimes, hives. If you regularly suffer from hives, you should see an allergist to help you determine the cause. Some skin conditions are inherited. These are passed from generation to generation through your DNA, and there is no way to prevent this from happening. One common genetic disorder is ichthyosis vulgaris, which includes symptoms such as severely dry and scaly skin.  Another genetic condition is xeroderma pigmentosa, which causes extreme sensitivity to light. This results in frequent blistering from sunburn. If you have a chronic skin condition, make sure to consult your doctor. Ask...

Summary in Russian:

Узнайте о типах воспалительных заболеваний кожи. Узнайте о факторах, связанных с окружающей средой. Обратите внимание на возможную генетическую предрасположенность. Не забывайте о профилактических мерах.


Article in English: Before you begin CPR, open the child's mouth and look for any objects that may have become dislodged. If you see something, remove it with your fingers. Next, open the child's airway by tilting their head back and their chin upward slightly. Check for breathing by placing your cheek next to the child's mouth.  If they are breathing, you should either see their chest rising and falling slightly, hear breathing noises or feel their breath against your cheek. Do not proceed with CPR if the child is breathing on their own. Pinch the child's nose and cover her mouth with your own. Give two rescue breaths, each lasting about a second. Make sure to pause between each breath to allow the air to come back out.  If the rescue breaths are working, you should see the child's chest inflate as you exhale.  If their chest does not inflate, their windpipe is still blocked and you should return to the first aid procedures to dislodge the obstruction. Begin chest compressions by placing the heel of one hand on the child's breastbone, right between the nipples. Place the heel of your other hand on top and interlock your fingers. Position your body directly above your hands and begin compressions:  Each compression should be hard and fast, and should compress the child's chest by about 2 inches (5.1 cm). Allow the chest to return to its normal position between each compression.  Count each of the thirty compressions out loud, as this will help you keep track. They should be performed at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. Repeat the sequence of two rescue breaths followed by thirty chest compressions until the child starts breathing again or emergency services arrives.

Summary in Russian:

Проверьте, что находится во рту ребенка. Откройте дыхательные пути ребенка. Сделайте два искусственных вдоха. Сделайте тридцать нажатий грудной клетки. Чередуйте два искусственных вдоха и 30 нажатий на грудь, так долго, как это необходимо.


Article in English: Before you begin CPR, you should check the baby's mouth to see if the object they were choking on has become dislodged. Lie the baby on their back, on a firm, flat surface.  Use your hand to open the baby's mouth and look inside. If you see something, remove it using your baby finger. Even if you can't see anything, proceed to the next step. You can do this by using one hand to tilt the baby's head back slightly and the other to lift their chin. Don't tilt their head back too far, it takes very little to open a small baby's airway. Before proceeding with CPR, you should check to ensure the baby is not breathing. You can do this by placing your cheek very close to the baby's mouth, looking towards their body.  If they are breathing, you should be able to see their chest rising and falling slightly. In addition, you may be able to hear breathing noises and feel their breath on your cheek. Once you have confirmed that the baby is not breathing, you can begin CPR. Begin by covering their mouth and nose with your own mouth and blow two small rescue breaths gently into their lungs.  Each breath should last for about a second and you should see the baby's chest rise as the air goes in. Pause between breaths to allow the air to escape.  Remember that a baby's lungs are very small, so you shouldn't blow too much air or blow too forcefully. Once you have performed the rescue breaths, leave the baby lying on her back and use the same technique you used earlier for the chest thrusts - that is, using two or three fingers to firmly compress the baby's chest by about 1 1⁄2 inches (3.8 cm).  Press straight down on the baby's breastbone, in the center of the baby's chest, slightly below the nipples. The chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 100 compressions per minute. This means that you should be able to get through the thirty recommended compressions, in addition to the two rescue breaths, in approximately 24 seconds. Repeat this cycle of two rescue breaths, followed by thirty chest compressions, until the...

Summary in Russian:

Проверьте не находится ли во рту ребенка какое-либо инородное тело. Откройте дыхательные пути ребенка. Убедитесь, что ребенок дышит. Сделайте ребенку два искусственных вдоха. Выполните тридцать надавливаний на грудь. Сделайте еще два искусственных вдоха с последующими тридцатью нажатиями грудной клетки и повторяйте столько, сколько это необходимо.


Article in English: Before you begin a Hit the Pitch match, you will be given the option between Pro or Classic play. Selecting “Be a Pro” will give you control over a single player for the entire game, while selecting Classic gives you control over the entire team, allowing you to switch players and control whoever has possession of the ball. Once you’ve picked your game mode, you can switch between All-Play or Advanced controls. All-Play uses simplified controls and computer assistance to help novice players enjoy the game without having to learn all the ins and outs of the control scheme. Advanced controls give you full control over your player’s movements and actions. Press “1” or “L” to switch control schemes on the Select Sides screen.    Once you’ve chosen your mode and controls, you will be shown the teams you can choose from. Use the arrow icons to switch between categories such as Recent and Most Popular. Each team has ratings that show how effective they are at particular aspects of the game. These ratings are on a 100-point scale. Before the game starts, you can adjust some basic match settings, such as length, match type, difficulty, and venue. If you are using Advanced Controls, you can issue commands to your team via Quick Tactics. You can assign four different quick tactics to your controller. Use the Quick Tactics menu to choose which tactics you’d like to use.  Watch the preview window to see how the tactic will generally play out on the field.     Quick tactics are not available for All-Play controls.

Summary in Russian:

Определитесь между уровнями Pro и Classic. Подберите себе тип управления. Подыщите себе команду. Отрегулируйте параметры матча. Выберите ваши Quick Tactics.


Article in English: Before you begin any topical treatments to treat acne, clean your face and hands. This can help minimize the risk of spreading bacteria that could cause breakouts.  You can wash your hands with any soap and water, which is effective at removing bacteria. Wash your face with a gentle cleanser specifically designed for your facial skin. This includes products formulated for acne-prone skin. These cleansers may help stop the spread of bacteria and prevent additional breakouts. Excess sebum, or oil, can cause acne. If you have oily skin, use a topical product or mask to absorb excess oil. These products can not only help remove oil, but also keep bacteria and dead skin that cause acne at bay.  You can use an over the counter salicylic acid treatment or have your doctor prescribe one for more severe cases.  A weekly clay mask may help absorb excess oil and purify your skin.  You can use oil blotting papers to soak up excess oil on your face.  Be sure to follow your doctor’s or package directions to help ensure that you don’t overuse the product and further irritate your skin. You can purchase most oil-absorbing products at pharmacies or skincare stores as well as at some grocery stores. Online cosmetics retailers also offer oil-absorbing products. Benzoyl peroxide is an anti-bacterial medication that can kill the bacteria that causes acne and reduce inflammation. It is available in most over-the-counter treatments for acne. Use this to help treat acne and prevent further breakouts.  You can get benzoyl peroxide over-the-counter in a 2.5%, 5%, or 10% solution. You want to use the most pure form available to combat acne. Ask a pharmacist if you have any questions about purchasing benzoyl peroxide, which is available at most pharmacies.  Start using the treatment slowly. Only apply a 2.5% or 5% gel or lotion once a day after you wash your face.  If you are not using other medications, increase the application to twice a day after a week.  You can use the 10% solution if your acne doesn’t improve in four to six weeks...

Summary in Russian:

Мойте руки и умывайтесь. Удаляйте излишки жира. Используйте бензоил пероксид для борьбы с акне. Посетите доктора. Применяйте выписанные лекарства. Используйте Ретин-А для вашей кожи. Принимайте антибиотики с целью борьбы с акне. В случае крайне тяжелых проявлений акне попробуйте Аккутан. Рассмотрите использование контрацептивов.


Article in English: Before you begin asking for money, it's best to have an idea of who you're going to ask for donations. If you're going door-to-door, that may be as simple as deciding which neighborhood(s) to work in. If you're soliciting donations by phone or by mail, though, you'll need a list of prospective donors to contact.  If you can identify past donors on your list of people to call or write to, you may want to prioritize those individuals as "best bets" - these are people who, given their history of donating in the past, will most likely contribute again to your cause.  Try to identify which people on your list are the most financially stable. You can do this by interacting with the individual to get a sense of his or her finances, or if going door-to-door, look at the houses residents live in and the cars in their driveways. People with large, elaborate homes or flashy sports cars most likely have more disposable income. (Though of course this doesn't guarantee that they will give donations.)  You can also look for potential donors by their other areas of spending. For example, does the prospective donor attend fundraisers for other organizations or individuals? If so, that prospective donor probably has the means to donate to your organization, if properly persuaded.  Consider using analytical software and services, such as Donor Search, to identify which potential donors are more wealthy and more likely to donate.  Remember to think "ABC" when identifying donors: Able to make a gift, Belief (known or potential) in your cause, and Contact/Connection with your organization. If your organization has dealt with donors in the past, you or a colleague will probably know what strategies work best in making your appeal. Some people want to know how the money from last year was spent, while others may simply want to know how much is needed. Certain donors may have fears or reservations about donating, and it's important to learn to recognize those fears/reservations so you can address them in advance.  Some donors may...

Summary in Russian:

Составьте список потенциальных спонсоров. Познакомьтесь с потенциальными спонсорами. Ищите разные способы презентации своей организации. Репетируйте свое обращение.


Article in English: Before you begin baking, make sure that you have the following ingredients: 1 cup flour, ¾ teaspoon baking powder, ½ teaspoon baking soda, ½ teaspoon salt, 14 tablespoons of butter, 1 cup granulated sugar, ¼ cup light brown sugar, 1 large egg, 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, 2 ½ cups old-fashioned rolled oats.  This recipe will make about 24 cookies. Make sure that the butter is room temperature. Make sure that the oven is preheated to the right temperature. The correct amount of heat is essential to ensure that you have crispy cookies. In medium-sized bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Set this mixture aside until you have creamed your butter. In a large bowl, mix the butter, granulated sugar and brown sugar. If you are using a stand mixer or handheld electric mixer, begin on a low setting for about 30 seconds, to get the mixture started, and then increase the speed to medium and mix for about a minute, or until the mixture is light and fluffy. Add the egg and vanilla and continue to mix on medium until well incorporated.  Remember to mix slowly at first and increase the speed gradually so that you do not create a mess. You can also mix by hand. However, that will take more time. Once your butter mixture is good and whipped, add the flour mixture and stir until well-mixed. After that, gradually add the oats and mix until they are well-combined. Incorporating all of the dry ingredients should take about two minutes. You can also stir the mixture with a wooden spoon to make sure that no flour pockets remain and that the dough is fully incorporated. Use a spoon or ice cream scoop to scoop out two tablespoon-sized chunks of dough and form them into balls. Place each ball of dough about 2 ½ inches apart on a baking sheet. If you like a thinner cookie, you can also squish the dough. However, the cookies should melt enough on their own and become rather thin. You should be able to put about 8 dough balls on a baking sheet. However, that number may change depending on the size of your...

Summary in Russian:

Соберите все необходимое. Разогрейте духовку до 180 градусов Цельсия. Приготовьте мучную смесь. Смешайте масло с двумя видами сахара. Добавьте сухие ингредиенты. Выложите тесто на противень. Испеките печенье.


Article in English: Before you begin baking, you will need to make sure that you have 2 cups of light brown sugar, 1 ¾ cups of unsalted butter, 1 ½ cups of granulated sugar, 3 whole eggs, 1 tablespoon of vanilla extract, 2 ¼ cups of white flour, 1 ½ teaspoons of table salt, ¾ teaspoon of baking soda, and 1 pound of dark or semi-sweet chocolate. Have all of these ingredients on hand before you begin making your cookies.  This recipe will make roughly 34 cookies. Make sure that your butter is at room temperature. It is important that the oven has had enough time to reach the appropriate temperature for baking crispy cookies. If you put your dough into an oven that is not warm enough, your cookies will likely melt together into a giant cookie mess. For a thicker, yet still crispy, cookie, preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit (177 degrees Celsius). Mix the brown sugar, butter and granulated sugar in a stand mixer until the mixture is pale and fluffy. This should take about five minutes. Once the sugars and butter are creamed, add three eggs one at a time and mix them in completely. Finally, mix in 1/3 cup of water and the vanilla.  Fat will help make your cookies crispier. The more butter, the crispier the cookie.  Add ¼ cup of vegetable oil to make your cookies a little thicker.  If you do not have a standing mixer, you can mix these ingredients together by hand. However, it will take much longer. In a separate bowl, mix these ingredients together. Once they are incorporated, add the flour mixture to the butter and mix on low until thoroughly combined. Finally, mix in the chocolate pieces. Be sure to mix slowly. You want to ensure that everything is mixed evenly. You also do not want to make a mess. Line a cookie sheet with parchment paper. Scoop out cookie dough and freeze for an hour. Because they will melt a lot when they cook, try to keep at least four inches between each cookie.  If you want more evenly distributed and uniform cookies, use an ice cream scoop. Using parchment paper will make sure that the cookies do not...

Summary in Russian:

Запаситесь всем необходимым. Разогрейте духовку до 190 градусов Цельсия. Приготовьте масляную смесь. Смешайте вместе муку, соль и пищевую соду. Заморозьте тесто. Выпекайте печенье, пока оно не приобретет золотисто-коричневый цвет. Подождите, пока печенье остынет.


Article in English: Before you begin blow drying, it is a good idea to sweep the hair off the floor first. This will prevent the hair from blowing everywhere.

Summary in Russian:

Подметите с пола состриженные волосы.


Article in English: Before you begin building a fire, it’s important to verify that fires are allowed in the area. Look around your campsite for posted signs, which will usually inform you if fires aren’t permitted. You can also ask a ranger or the campsite’s host if fires are allowed.  Don’t assume that a campfire is permitted just because there’s a fire ring at your campsite. It may be intended for use with a camping stove but not an open flame. In some cases, there may be fire restrictions in place, which limit the types of fires that you are permitted to light. Make sure you understand what materials you’re allowed to use for your fire. Campfires may not be permitted at certain altitudes, in areas that are experiencing droughts and are extremely dry, or at times when the winds are very strong. Some campsites have specific fire rings designed for building a fire. However, if you’re camping in an area that doesn’t have a fire ring, it’s important to choose the right spot for the fire. Make sure that the site is at least 15-feet from tents, shrubs, trees, and any other flammable objects.  If your campsite has a fire ring, there may be ashes in it from a previous fire. Push them to the outside of the ring to make room for your fire. If the ashes are completely cold, you can also place them in a plastic bag so can dispose of them properly later. Make sure the spot that you choose is shielded from wind gusts, which can not only make it more difficult to light but can help spread the fire if the flames get too large. It’s best to build a campfire on bare dirt, so you may need to clear the spot you’ve chosen. Remove any dead grass, leaves, or other vegetation to create an 8- to 10-foot area of bare soil for the fire. Next, dig down into the dirt for several inches to create a pit to contain the fire.  Keep the removed dirt close to the fire. You can use it to help smother the flames in case of an emergency. You can place the removed dirt in a mounded ring around your fire pit to serve as a firewall. Setting large rocks around the...

Summary in Russian:

Убедитесь в том, что разведение костров не находится под запретом. Выберите место для костра. Выкопайте углубление под очаг.


Article in English: Before you begin cleaning the mouse, make sure that it has been unplugged from the computer. This will help prevent any damage to the mouse during the cleaning process. Use a cloth or brush dipped in rubbing alcohol and gently scrub the buttons. Use a toothpick to run through the crevices between buttons and lift out the debris inside. Wipe down all the surfaces that get touched or rubbed during use. Turn the mouse over and look at the lens underneath. Blow any excess debris off with compressed air, and then run a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol around the lens once to remove stuck dust. Most mice have small rubber pads along the bottom. These help the mouse glide over the mousepad. Use a cloth dipped in rubbing alcohol to clean all of the dust and debris that has attached to the rubber pads. Give the entire bottom a wipe-down as well. Depending on your pad, you may have accumulated a fine layer of dust and debris on the surface of the mousepad itself. Most mouse pads are safe to run through the dishwasher, though your can hand wash them as well.

Summary in Russian:

Обязательно отключите мышь. Очистите кнопки. Очистите оптический датчик. Очистите ножки мыши. Очистите коврик.


Article in English: Before you begin cleaning the washing machine, make sure the machine is completely powered off. Just to be on the safe side, you may want to consider unplugging the machine from the electrical outlet. Cleaning the machine while it is still on could create a dangerous situation for you or damage the machine. Accumulation of mold and mildew on the components of the washing machine is a major cause for unpleasant odor. Use a clean sponge or washrag to wipe down to exterior surface of the machine. Make a mixture of 1  c (240 mL) warm water and one tablespoon of bleach and dip the sponge in it. Be sure to wring out any excess water before you begin scrubbing.  You should wear rubber gloves any time you are handling bleach cleaning solution. Try to get the bleach cleaner in all of the cracks and crannies of the washing machine. You can use a Q-tip dipped in the bleach/water solution to get into really hard-to-reach areas. Get rid of any dirt or grime from the washing machine gasket and the seal at the opening of the machine. Remove the gasket and use a damp cloth or paper towel to scrub away any residue. You can also add a tiny bit of bleach cleaning solution to warm water and use this to clean it.  A dirty seal is one of the biggest problems that leads to odor in washing machines. Cleaning this regularly can really help a lot.

Summary in Russian:

Отключите стиральную машину от электросети. Вытрите наружную часть машины. Вытрите резиновое уплотнительное кольцо.


Article in English: Before you begin cleaning your false eyelashes, gather the supplies to do so. In order to use this method, you'll need the following:  Makeup remover, specifically designed to remove eye makeup Rubbing alcohol Cotton balls Cotton swab/Q-tip Tweezers To start, wash your hands in clean tap water and antibacterial soap. You do not want to handle false eyelashes with dirty hands, as this can cause an eye infection.  Get your hands wet with clear, running warm water. Lather your hands in antibacterial soap for about 20 seconds. Make sure to target areas like between the fingers, the backs of your hands, and underneath the fingernails.  Rinse your hands in clear water and then dry with a clean towel. Apply makeup remover over the eyelash to remove the glove. Press down on your lid with one finger and gently lift up the eyelash with the other. Use the pads of your fingers or tweezers over your fingernails.  Firmly grasp the eyelashes with your thumb and forefinger. Peel the band inwards slowly. The lashes should come off fairly easily. Do not use oil-based makeup removers when wearing false eyelashes. Take a cotton ball. Soak it in some makeup remover. Move the swab along the fake lashes in gentle motions. Run the swab from the tip of the lashes to the end of the lashes, making sure to get the adhesive strip as well. Keep going until all the makeup and glue is off. Turn the lashes over. Get a fresh cotton swab and soak it in makeup remover. Then, repeat the process of moving the swab along the other side of the eyelashes. Once again, move from the top of the lash to the tip. Make sure to swipe the swab along the adhesive band. Make sure all makeup is removed. There will usually be some glue stuck on the lash band. You can use tweezers to remove this.  Inspect the lash for any glue that's left on. If you find glue, take your tweezers. With one hand, pull off the glue with the tweezers. With the other hand, hold the eyelashes with the pads of your fingers. Make sure to only pull with the tweezers. Pulling at the...

Summary in Russian:

Подготовьте все необходимое. Вымойте руки. Снимите накладные ресницы. Макните ватный шарик в жидкость для снятия макияжа и проведите им вдоль накладных ресниц. Повторите то же самое с обратной стороны ресницы. Используйте пинцет, чтобы удалить остатки клея. Пропитайте новый ватный тампон протирочным спиртом и протрите клейкую полоску ресниц.


Article in English: Before you begin cooking, make sure that you have the following ingredients: 1 cup butter, 2 cups granulated sugar, 2 eggs, 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, 5 cups all-purpose flour, 1 ½ teaspoons baking powder, 1 teaspoon baking soda, ½ teaspoon salt, ¼ cup 2% milk.  This recipe should make about eight dozen cookies. Make sure that the butter is room temperature. Turn on the oven and set it to 350 degrees Fahrenheit (177 degrees Celsius). If the oven is too hot or too cold, you will not get the crispy texture you desire. In a large bowl, mix the butter and sugar until light and fluffy. Once the butter is creamed, mix in the eggs one at a time, followed by the vanilla. This should only take a few minutes with a stand mixer or handheld mixer. Make sure that the butter is softened but not melted. In small bowl, combine the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Once they are thoroughly mixed, add a little of it to the butter mix. Alternate adding the flour mix and the milk until fully incorporated. Remember to mix slowly at first and speed up as the dough constitutes. Leave the dough in the mixing bowl and cover it with a cloth or plastic wrap. Place it in the refrigerator for 15 to 30 minutes, or until it is easily malleable. The dough should be relatively dense. Remove the dough from the refrigerator and place it on a floured surface. Using a rolling pin, roll out the dough to a 1/8th inch thickness. Use cookie cutters to cut out the shapes you want. Getting the right thickness when you roll out the dough will help you get a crispier cookie. Grease a baking sheet or cover it in parchment paper. Then place the cut out cookies about two inches apart on the sheets. If the cookies are too close together, they will melt to each other. Plus the edges might not get crispy. Place the cookies in the oven for about 10 minutes or until the edges are light brown. Cooking time may vary depending on taste and oven. Once baked, remove the cookies from the oven and leave them on the sheets to cool. This will ensure that...

Summary in Russian:

Соберите все необходимое. Разогрейте духовку. Смешайте масло и сахар. Приготовьте мучную смесь. Заморозьте тесто. Раскатайте и порежьте тесто. Выложите заготовки на противень. Выпеките печенье. Охладите печенье. <finished>


Article in English: Before you begin crocheting, choose the colors that you would like for your pattern and decide where you want these colors to start. Some patterns may tell you specifically where to change colors, but if you are crocheting without a pattern, simply decide how much of each color you want in your work. It's best if you decide how many rows and chains you want in your pattern before you start working. For example, if you are making a dish cloth you may want 28 rows with 28 stitches going across. Then, you would need to decide how many rows of each color you want.

Summary in Russian:

Выберите цвета.


Article in English: Before you begin cutting into stone, make sure you gather all the proper supplies. You can pick up most of the following at a local hardware store. If you can't find them at a hardware store, look online.  You will need a chisel as well as an electric grinder with a diamond cutting blade to cut the stone. If your project is small, it may be less expensive to rent the grinder. You'll need a stone mason's hammer (these are similar to small sledge hammers). You will also need safety gear. You'll need protective goggles, a full face shield, and  hearing protection. You can get hearing protection, which are ear muffs designed to block out loud sound from machinery, at most hardware stores. If you want all your stones the same size, you may already know the dimensions you're using. However, you may not be using one specific dimension. If you need a piece of stone to fit into a particular space in the wall, measure that space's dimensions with a measuring tape. Make sure you have the proper dimensions in mind before you begin cutting. Mark all the way around the stone where you will make your cut. " The face side of a stone is the side that will face outward on a wall. The chisel will help achieve a cleaner break than the grinder wheel.You'll want a more even break for the face side, as this gives it a smoother look. Use your chisel and sledgehammer to begin the cut on the face side. Put on eye protection before you start using the hammer and chisel, which can send sharp chips of stone flying.  Take your chisel and hold it in a vertical position on the stone, with the blade of the chisel on the line you wish to cut. Take your sledgehammer and hit firmly it on the end of the chisel to make three or four small marks, about an inch apart, running along your line on the stone. Then, fill in the spaces between these marks by once again tapping your chisel with the sledgehammer. Keep working the line until you have a groove the entire length of the face side. Use single, solid taps against the chisel with the...

Summary in Russian:

Запаситесь всем необходимым. Определите, как много камня вам необходимо. Отметьте место разреза. Пройдитесь зубилом вдоль линии разреза по "лицевой стороне". Наденьте защитную маску и наушники. С помощью шлифовальной машины вырежьте линии на других сторонах камня. Завершите резку с помощью зубила.


Article in English: Before you begin devising your learning strategy, it helps to have a clear understanding of exactly what you want to learn and why. If you have a specific goal in mind, such as passing an exam, be sure that you understand what you are required to know. If you are just learning for your own enjoyment, think about things you would like to know.  When you take a traditional class, teachers outline your goals for you. If you want to go at it on your own without losing the structure that you need to succeed, it's a good idea to emulate this. Consider brainstorming a list of questions you want to know the answers to, if this applies to your subject. For example, if you want to be an expert on trains, you may want to know what kinds of trains there are, what is the fastest kind of train, what is the most energy efficient train, etc.  If you can't break your goals down into answerable questions, find another way of quantifying them. For example, if you want to learn to speak Spanish, write down some topics that you would like to be able to converse about. Once you know what you want to learn, you must decide when you want to learn it. Depending on whether you are studying for a specific reason or just for your own enjoyment, you may have different time restraints.  It will help you tackle the monumental task of learning about a new subject if you break it down into small sections. Try setting a goal for yourself to learn each subsection of material by a specific date. If you need some help planning out your timeline for studying different topics, consider consulting a text book on your subject. These are typically broken up into logical sections, which can give you a good idea of what the main topics are, how much time you should spend on each, and what order you should attempt to learn them in, even if you don't end up reading the whole book. The only way to learn something new is to spend some time studying it. If you can't commit the time, you will not learn, no matter what methods you use.  Try to come up with a...

Summary in Russian:

Составьте список своих целей. Продумайте временной план. Выделите время для учебы. Поймите, как вам удобнее учиться. Ищите возможности для самообразования.


Article in English: Before you begin flipping your way through your favorite recipe books, you should first take some time to consider the food allergies that your partner may have. You wouldn’t want to spend the time making a delicate peanut butter pie for dessert only to remember that your partner is allergic to peanuts. Make a list of the food allergies your partner has, if any, and cross check any recipe you are considering with that list. You should also consider your partner’s dietary preferences. Cooking a steak dinner might not go over very well with a vegan girlfriend. You could also consider foods that you know your partner loves and try to work these foods into your menu. When considering what to cook, stick to dishes that you have tried before. Testing out a new souffle recipe on your loved one may result in a disastrous (but potentially memorable) meal. Choosing a simple meal can make the whole process a bit less stressful; there is nothing wrong with breaking out your family’s favorite fettuccine alfredo recipe for this special occasion.  Consider meals that you have cooked in the past that are simple to make but look fancy. Or, think about making a variation of a meal that you have not tried that you feel confident you can prepare well. You could also browse the internet or search wikiHow for recipes that are rated well and that seem to be in accordance with your skill level. Some recipes you may like to try include:  Filet mignon,  risotto,  shrimp scampi,  salad nicoise and  French macarons (for dessert) If you are planning on serving several courses, try to pick out courses the compliment each other. Once you have picked out your main dish, consider selecting an appetizer(s) and dessert to accompany the main course. Consider the ingredients that you will be using in your main dish, and then try to find appetizers and desserts that pair well. In general, you may want to try to stick to one type of cuisine. For example, if you are thinking about preparing fettuccine alfredo with chicken and vegetables for your...

Summary in Russian:

Узнайте все об аллергиях вашего партнера. Выберите блюдо (или блюда), которое вы точно сможете правильно приготовить. Решите, сколько блюд вы будете подавать к столу. Составьте меню в письменном виде (по желанию). По возможности попробуйте пару блюд еще до планирования вашего грандиозного вечера. Старайтесь не готовить еду с очень сильными запахами. Старайтесь избегать продуктов, которые могут вызывать газы у вас или у вашего партнера. Спланируйте напитки к ужину.


Article in English: Before you begin hiring, make sure you have taken the necessary steps to be able to collect federal and state wage taxes, provide employee eligibility verification, and obtain worker's compensation insurance, among others.  One of your central obligations to ensure that employees are eligible to work in the United States. To do this, you must complete "Form I-9" within three days of hiring a new employee. Completing this form will require you to submit documents to verify your employees citizenship and confirm their eligibility to work in the United States. The form can be downloaded on the U.S. Immigration and Customs website. Note that you do not need to submit this form with the Federal Government, but you do need to keep it on file for three years after the date of hire or one year after the date of termination, whichever is later. Make sure to register for Workers Compensation Insurance with your state's Workers Compensation Insurance Program. When hiring an employee, they must provide you with a signed Form-W4 before they begin employment, which you must send to the IRS. This allows you to withhold federal income tax. Further information regarding hiring and employer responsibility are available on the SBA website (https://www.sba.gov/category/navigation-structure/starting-managing-business/starting-business/establishing-business/hiring). The first impression is critical for a new small business, and unless you’ll be doing all the work yourself, that impression will be made at least in part by the people you hire.  Ideally you can find someone who is familiar with the business — someone who has twirled dough if you’re opening a pizza shop, for instance — but even more important is finding a person who is willing and eager to learn.  You need employees who want to learn to do things (and represent your business) your way. You do have to be willing to let go a little, however.  This business has been your baby for a long time, but as you let it out into the world, you’ll need help taking care of it.  Look...

Summary in Russian:

Определите сферы ответственности работодателя. Нанимайте «правильных» людей. Создайте свой сайт. Предусмотрите открытие «в тестовом режиме».


Article in English: Before you begin making out, keep eye contact steady. This will show a man you're interested and can help turn him on. Smile between kisses. A man will be turned on if he pulls away for a moment and sees you smiling. Don't forget to use your hands when making out. Men will be turned on by gentle touching on the head, back, and arms.  Run your fingers over his back lightly. If he's not wearing a shirt, consider using your nails. Some men enjoy mild scratching.  You can also touch his arms, legs, chest, and any other body parts that are easily accessible. Don't just use your face and hands during a make out session. Using your entire body can help turn a man on.  Lean into him as you make out. You can even push yourself on top of him or pull him on top of you. Try wrapping one of your legs around his or rubbing your foot gently against his thigh. The best way for healthy physical contact is to communicate openly. Talk to your partner about what he does and does not enjoy. Being open about your physical desires can lead to more enjoyable, intimate kissing.  Many people initially feel uncomfortable when having to communicate about sexual desires. However, keep in mind open communication is an important part of any health sexual relationship. Try starting a conversation by saying something like, "I really care about you and want you to enjoy our physical intimacy. Is there anything you enjoy when we're kissing I could do more?"

Summary in Russian:

Улыбайтесь и поддерживайте зрительный контакт. Дотроньтесь до его тела. Задействуйте в поцелуе все тело. Общайтесь.


Article in English: Before you begin painting, make sure to put on your respirator mask, safety glasses, and disposable gloves. The safety goggles will help to protect you in case any of the paint blows back towards your face, and because spray paint is toxic, disposable gloves and a ventilator mask are necessary. Put these on before you do any painting.  Respirators cost around $20 to $30, but this is much cheaper than a visit to the doctor for respiratory problems.  Take a break if you feel even the slightest bit dizzy, queasy, or have difficulty breathing. Remember, your health and safety is always more important than your project.

Summary in Russian:

Наденьте защитное снаряжение.


Article in English: Before you begin planning to work as a freelance artist, you first need to honestly assess your abilities. Taking an objective view of your skills can help you decide if freelancing is the right option for you.  An excellent way to assess your skills is to compare your work to other artists who use similar mediums in your area. Is your work comparable or better? You can’t expect to be successful if you can’t compete.  Do you frequently have people asking or complimenting you about your work? If so, this might be a good sign that your skills are in demand, especially because word of mouth can be a powerful advertising tool.  Would you be willing to spend money on your creations? If you don’t offer something people—or you—might want, you’re likely to not be a successful freelance artist. Consider how having a freelance business will fit into your lifestyle and even that of your family. Knowing whether or not the time, emotional, and physical demands fit in with your lifestyle is important if you want to run a successful business.  Are you able to handle the physical demands? Depending on what type of artist you are, you may need to stand or sit hunched over a canvas for long hours. Think about if being a freelance artist fits your personality. Client management is a significant part of the job and if you don’t like working with people, this may not be the right choice for you. You will need to allot specific times to work and find a space to work and meet with clients. Are you willing to structure your time and possibly rent an office?  You will not have benefits or paid sick time as a freelancer.  You may also want to consider your location. If you are in an isolated region, it may be difficult to capture potential clients or for them to reach you. Freelance artists earn on average about $44,000 per year. This amount can change depending on how often and where you work. Only proceed with your plans if the average pay or below meets your financial needs.  The average salary for a freelance artist works out to...

Summary in Russian:

Оцените свои творческие способности. Подумайте о том, подходит ли фриланс вашему образу жизни. Подумайте, сможете ли вы обеспечивать себя фрилансом. Проверьте состояние своего оборудования и инструментов.


Article in English: Before you begin planting your vegetable garden, you will need to gather some basic gardening tools such as a:  Spade Garden fork Hoe Hose Wheelbarrow (or a bucket if you are going to plant in containers) You will probably get dirty planting your garden, so it is a good idea to wear gloves and clothes that you don't mind getting dirty. If you are planting your vegetable garden in the ground, then you will need to use a tiller or hoe to loosen the soil before planting your seeds and/or plants. If you are planting your vegetable garden in raised beds or containers, then you do not have to worry about this step. Instead, you will need to put soil into your raised beds or containers. Follow the directions on the seed packets to determine how deep to make this trench and how far apart your trenches should be. Garden rows should be about 18 inches apart, but some vegetables may require more space. If you have purchased plants, dig a hole twice the size of the container that it came in, and fill with loose soil. Then plant it in the soil at the same depth as it was growing in the pot. Some plants, such as tomatoes, may be planted deeper. Follow the directions on the seed packets to determine how far apart and how deep to place your seeds. Some packets will also instruct you to put more than one seed into each space.Read the instructions carefully to be sure. After you plant your seeds in the ground, cover them up with a thin layer of dirt and pack the dirt lightly. Follow the directions on the seed packets to determine how much dirt should go over the seeds. To keep track of where you planted everything, you will need to place markers at the ends of your rows or in your containers. One easy way to mark your veggies is to write the name of the vegetables on popsicle sticks and place the sticks about halfway into the ground at the end of each row or in each container. After you have finished planting your seeds, you will need to give your garden its first drink. Ground gardens drain more slowly than raised beds and...

Summary in Russian:

Запаситесь инструментами. Используйте перчатки и рабочую одежду, которую не жалко загрязнить. Вспашите почву. При выкапывании неглубокой канавки для семян используйте лопату. Высадите семена. Присыпьте семена землей. Пометьте засеянные ряды. Полейте огород.


Article in English: Before you begin preparing the cauliflower, first preheat the oven to 450 degrees F (232.22 C). The oven will preheat as you are preparing and forming the bread so that it will be hot enough by the time you are ready to bake it. Rinse the head of cauliflower, then place it on a cutting board. Cut away the central stem of the cauliflower as well as any other stems so that you are left with the florets, or the bushy tops, of the cauliflower. If you don't cut away the stems, the bread will have a tougher and less fluffy consistency. You don't have to cut away every last bit of stem; just do your best to cut most of it away. Once you cut away the stems from the cauliflower, place half of the cauliflower florets in a food processor. Pulse the cauliflower on high until it is about the same texture as rice. After grinding, pour the ground cauliflower into a microwaveable bowl. Place the rest of the cauliflower florets in the food processor and grind until they reach the same texture as cauliflower you just ground. Then pour the rest of the cauliflower into the microwaveable bowl as well.

Summary in Russian:

Разогрейте духовку до 230 °C. Удалите стебель. Измельчите половину цветной капусты в кухонном комбайне. Измельчите оставшуюся половину.


Article in English: Before you begin talking, steady yourself and try to ease your nerves. Breathe slowly and deeply to the count of ten. Relax and let your thoughts settle; cast out doubts and other negative thoughts.  It’s normal to become apprehensive when all the attention is on you. The more in control of your words and emotions you remain, the better you’ll be able to conduct yourself in conversation. Try not to let yourself get worked up when you’re frustrated or the topic is something you’re passionate about. Becoming overly emotional can make it harder to get out what you’re trying to say. Condition yourself to speaking out around close friends and family. As you get better, take yourself out of your comfort zone little by little until you no longer fear making your voice heard. Most people find it much easier to express themselves to the people closest to them than to complete strangers, who they worry will judge them.  Start by offering your input into casual conversations where you won’t feel as bashful about professing your opinion. For instance, you might start by making offhand observations like "Dinner was really great tonight, Mom" or "I don't really care for this show. Could we watch something else?" Exchanges like these are unlikely to end in a challenge or argument. Talking to people that you’re already familiar with allows you to shut off self-critical thoughts and concentrate on your message. Come through loud and clear with a firm, self-assured tone. Take your time getting your thoughts out—don’t mumble or try to talk too fast. Quiet people often go unheard not just because of the low volume of their voices, but because their general demeanor signals to others that they’re not worth listening to.  If you develop a captivating speaking voice, it’s more likely that people will take what you have to say seriously. Being assertive is good. Being loud or overbearing is not. Know the difference to keep from alienating your listener. Above all, believe in yourself. If you don’t, your words won’t have conviction....

Summary in Russian:

Сохраняйте спокойствие и сосредоточьтесь. Открывайтесь людям, с которыми вы себя чувствуете комфортно. Говорите уверенным тоном. Будьте уверены в себе.


Article in English: Before you begin the cleaning process, back up your photos digitally. While proper cleaning minimizes the risk of damage, it does not completely eliminate it. Scan your photos onto your computer and save them before attempting to clean them.  If you don't have a scanner, stop by a local print shop and use one there. As old photos are delicate, you should never use generic cleaning supplies on them. You should use photograph emulsion cleaner and wipes specifically made for cleaning photographs only. These items can sometimes be difficult to find in stores, but should be easy to purchase online.  Emulsion cleaners and wipes are made from ingredients and materials safe to use on older photographs. They resemble normal cleaning wipes and spray cleaners, but use less harsh ingredients. Do not substitute cleaners. While getting specialized supplies is a hassle, it's worth the extra cost to avoid damaging your photographs. Before handling your photographs, put on a pair of clean editing gloves. Like other supplies for cleaning photographs, these can be purchased online. It's important to use editing gloves over generic gloves when cleaning photographs. Editing gloves are a type of glove designed to be used when working with film and photographs.

Summary in Russian:

Первым делом отсканируйте фотографии. Используйте специальные средства для очистки фотографий. Наденьте специальные перчатки.


Article in English: Before you begin the process of haltering your horse, you'll need to prepare the halter. If your horse is acting up, it can be hard to prepare the halter in the moment.  Unbuckle or unsnap the crown piece. This is the strap of the halter that goes behind the horse's ears. It should have a buckle or snap somewhere on it. Have your halter clipped to your lead line ahead of time. You want to be able to halter your horse and immediately lead him where he needs to go. You clip the lead line onto a ring at the bottom of the noseband. The noseband is the portion of a halter that slips around a horse's nose. Call your horse as you approach him. This helps alert your horse to your presence. This way, he's less likely to get spooked by your approach. Call out his name or call out something like, "I'm coming in!" to let him know you're entering his pasture or stall. Make sure you have your halter in your left hand as you approach. You will be haltering the horse from the left side. You want to make sure your horse knows what's happening. If you try to deceive the horse by hiding the halter, he'll learn to be distrustful of your intent. This can lead to a bad relationship between you and the horse. When haltering a horse, you should always approach from the left side. Halters are designed to be buckled on the left. You should approach your horse so you're standing near his head on the left side of his body. You do not want to put the halter on instantly. This can startle your horse. When you are a foot or so away from your horse's head, allow him to sniff your hand. This way, your horse will also familiarize himself with your scent. He'll be able to differentiate your smell from the smell of potential predators in other situations down the road. A nervous horse may benefit from having treats as a reward for staying calm.

Summary in Russian:

Подготовьте недоуздок. Позовите лошадь. Подойдите к лошади с недоуздком в левой руке. Медленно приблизьтесь к лошади с левой стороны. Позвольте лошади понюхать вашу руку.


Article in English: Before you begin the process of planting a tree or trees, first consider your ultimate goal. Do you want to add a couple of trees to your property to give it greater curb appeal and increase the value of your home? Or maybe you just want the pure enjoyment of seeing the tree grow and invite wildlife such as birds to sit on its branches. Knowing what you want in planting a tree will help you make the best decisions about everything from what kind of tree best suits your needs to where to plant it. You’ll need to think about the weather in your local area before planting a tree to make sure that you get a species that will survive and thrive in your garden or yard. Using the Plant Hardiness Zone scale can help not only identify your local climate, but also the best types of trees to plant.  The Arbor Day Foundation offers a system of identifying climate for plants called the Plant Hardiness Zones. It divides the United States and Canada into 11 different zones that are based on a 10 degree Fahrenheit difference in the average annual minimum temperature.  The United States, for examples, is located within Zones 2 through 10.  You can access the Plant Hardiness Zones at http://shop.arborday.org/content.aspx?page=zone-lookup and then lookup the zone in which you fall. Knowing your zone will help you identify the types of trees and other plants that you can plant and expect to grow in the zone’s temperature extremes.  Know that the Plant Hardiness Zones don’t account for local differences including moisture, soil, winds, and other conditions that could affect the survivability of individual plants. Most communities will have zoning laws about trees and digging holes on properties within its borders. It’s important to check these laws to make sure that you are able to dig and plant trees. If not, the community may not only prevent you from planting the tree, but also force you to pay fines. .  Zoning laws related to planting are often related to digging holes near telephone and electric poles and other cables....

Summary in Russian:

Подумайте, какую цель вы преследуете. Проанализируйте местный климат. Выясните, что говорит местное законодательство о посадке деревьев.


Article in English: Before you begin the process of quitting using Carr's books, familiarize yourself with who Allen Carr was and the effectiveness of his technique.  Allen Carr was a former accountant who created a method for stopping smoking - which he later applied to a host of other addictions and issues. He was a former 100-a-day chain smoker and successfully quit smoking after 33 years. First he helped some friends quit smoking and eventually hosted seminars that enabled those who attended to quit smoking with ease. He was so inundated with clients (who heard about him via word of mouth) that he shared the method in (what turned out to be) a worldwide bestselling book The Easy Way to Stop Smoking.  The effectiveness of Carr's method has been boasted over the years, and spread largely through word-of-mouth. While scientific studies on the Carr method are limited, a 2014 study did show smokers using the Allen Carr method were six times more likely to abstain from tobacco after 13 months in comparison to smokers using other methods.  In 2017 a study initiated by the Irish Government/Health Dept showed results that strongly support the use of Allen Carr's Easyway method. A full, large scale randomised controlled trial into Allen Carr's Easyway is currently underway (2017). Allen Carr's book is still widely available both online and in bookstores. You can also likely find a copy at the library. Before you can begin using the Allen Carr method, you need to obtain a copy of the book (assuming you'd rather do that than attend a live seminar - use the online course). The first step Carr advises is to set a specific time and date to quit.  You should pick a time in the near future. Mark it on your calendar as the day you will quit smoking.  You should not try to cut down beforehand. Carr aims to sever the relationship smokers have with nicotine by showing smokers cigarettes do nothing to enhance their enjoyment of life. Cutting back before the date you've set calls more attention to the fact you're quitting, making cigarettes seem...

Summary in Russian:

Узнайте больше об Аллене Карре. Купите книгу "Легкий способ бросить курить". Выберите дату отказа от курения. Поймите, что сигареты не дают вам ничего. Выкурите последнюю сигарету.


Article in English: Before you begin the process of removing your lenses, make sure you have a contact container cleaned and prepared.  Make sure your container is free of debris by rinsing it out. Do not use tap water. Tap water is safe to drink, but not entirely sterile and can contain microorganisms that are harmful to the eye. Rinse out your contact lens container with solution, not water.  Either wipe the case dry with a clean, lint-free towel or let it air dry. Air drying is preferable, as it reduces the chance of spreading bacteria or debris into the case.  Contact lens cases should only be used for three months before being discarded. Keep track of how long you've had your case. . Before you remove your contacts, or do anything else that involves touching your eye, you should always thoroughly wash and dry your hands. Debris or bacteria you've had contact with throughout the day can lead to eye infection.  Get your hands wet with tap water. While people often encourage the use of warm water, temperature is a matter of personal preference. Warm or cold is fine.  The soap you use to wash your hands before removing your contacts should be pH neutral and contain little oil or fragrance.  Lather your hands, making sure to get between your fingers and the back of your hands. As you'll be touching your eyes directly, pay special attention to washing your finger tips and under your nails.  Scrub your hands under running water for at least 20 seconds. In order to keep track of time, you can hum the "Happy Birthday" song to yourself twice.  Rinse your hands. Be particularly careful about removing all soap, as soap can irritate your eyes.  If possible, air dry your hands before handling contact lenses to avoid getting lint trapped in your eyes. If that's not an option, use paper towel as it's less likely to leave debris on your hands. If you have one, it might be a good idea to use a nail brush. As you'll be having such close contact with your eyes, you want to make sure all debris is safely removed. To remove contact lenses, you...

Summary in Russian:

Промойте контейнер для контактных линз. Вымойте руки Найдите зеркало в хорошо освещенной комнате. Встаньте на подходящую поверхность.


Article in English: Before you begin to bowl, you have to understand the function of the bowling lane. A bowling lane is 60 feet (18.3 m) long from the foul line, the line closest to the bowler, to the head pin, the pin closest to the bowler. There are gutters on either side of the bowling lane. If a ball veers off the lane, it goes into the gutters and is out of play.  The approach area is 15 feet (4.6 m) long and ends at the foul line. The bowler cannot overstep the foul line during their approach or their shot won't count. If a ball goes into the gutters and then bounces out and hits the pins, it won't count. Ten pins are arranged at the end of the bowling lane at the beginning of every frame. They are arranged in a triangle formation, with the point of the triangle facing the bowler. There is one pin in the first row, which is the head pin, two pins in the second row, three in the third, and four in the fourth.  The locations of the pins are assigned numbers 1-10. The pins in the back row have the numbers 7-10, the pins in the row above the back row are numbered 4-6, the pins in the second row are numbered 2-3, and the head pin is pin 1. All pins will earn the bowler one point if they are hit. The numbers are based on location, not value. Before you can call yourself a true bowler, you should be aware of a few different bowling terms. Knowing these terms will also make it much easier for you to understand the rules. Here they are:  A strike is when you knock down all the pins with the ball on your first try. A spare is when you knock down all the pins on your second try. A split is when the first ball of a frame knocks down the headpin (the pin closest to you) but leaves two or more pins that are non-adjacent. It's tough to hit a spare in this situation, especially if you have a 7-10 split, which is the hardest split to hit. A turkey is three strikes in a row. If any pins remain after the bowler's turn, it's called an "open frame." One bowling game consists of 10 frames. Each frame is equal to one turn for the bowler. The...

Summary in Russian:

Дорожка для боулинга. Кегли для боулинга. Терминология. Принципы игры в боулинг. Принципы начисления очков.


Article in English: Before you begin to brainstorm a name, you need to be able to define the products, services, and customer experience your business will provide for its customers. Write down the key benefits of your products and services, as well as what will make your business unique. Write down at least ten adjectives that will describe your business, and ten things that will make your business stand out. Once you have a firm sense of what your business will be like and what it will do, you'll be better able to find the perfect word or phrase to define it. Look through the dictionary, magazines, books, and a catalogue of business names to find words that stand out to you, or to look at the names of successful companies and figure out what makes their names work. Why do the brands Nike, Sephora, Old Navy, or Victoria's Secret stand out? What can you do to make your business stand out in the same way? Plan a session with all of your future employees, or even your family members or creative friends if you have a small group of people. You should sit down and dedicate your time just to thinking of a name to get the best results. Set a rule for the brainstorming session that everyone suspend judgment on any name ideas suggested. The key to good brainstorming is freedom to create a list of ideas inspired at the moment, not to immediately choose the perfect name. You should start by brainstorming names around the benefit, features, and customer experience. But as you expand your ideas, you can start thinking more broadly. At first, use these qualities, but you can also think more abstractly. Here are some things to keep in mind as you expand your ideas:  Go broader and brainstorm names around intuitive and associative feelings around the benefit, features, and customer experience, such as visual, audio, smell, touch, taste. Ask participants what imaginary or visceral associations come to mind when they think of your business or product benefits. For example, when you think of your product, does it make you think of a cool calm...

Summary in Russian:

Определите целевую нишу своего бизнеса. Используйте доступные вам ресурсы. Продолжайте мозговой штурм. Идеи мозгового штурма, имеющие близкое отношение к вашему бизнесу. Запишите минимум 100 названий. Рассмотрите возможность инвестировать в профессиональный подбор названия (по желанию).


Article in English: Before you begin to build your treehouse, you should remember to keep safety in mind. Falling out is one of the biggest hazards of a treehouse. There are a few precautions you can take to make sure that everyone who is building the treehouse stays safe.  Don't build too high. Building your treehouse too high could be dangerous. If your treehouse is going to be used mostly by children, the platform should not be any higher than 6–8 feet (1.8–2.4 m). Construct a safe railing. The point of your railing, of course, is to make sure that the treehouse occupants don't fall out. Make sure the railing around your platform is at least 36" high, with balusters no more than 4" apart. Cushion a fall. Surround the area below the treehouse with a soft natural material like wood mulch. This won't entirely prevent injury, but it will provide some cushioning for a fall. You'll use this tree in order to rig up your treehouse. The "V" shape will add extra strength and support, providing an anchor point at four places instead of only at two. Drill a 3/8" into each prong of the "V," making sure that the holes are all level. If they are not level with one another, the structure could be slanted and the support compromised. Depending on the tree, the holes may be spaced farther or shorter apart. Make a mark at the other end using the original measurement between the two holes in the tree. This will ensure that the 2x10s will be perfectly centered and bear equal weight when you hoist them onto the "V". This is so that the trees can sway in the wind and move without damaging the structural integrity of the treehouse. Do this by drilling two 5/8" holes, each 2" to either side of your mark. Then use a jigsaw to cut between the holes, creating a 4" slot, with your mark completely centered. Now when the tree sways in the wind, the platform actually moves a bit to accommodate the swaying. If the platform were simply bolted onto the tree, it would move along with the tree. This is not good for the platform, as it could gradually or suddenly...

Summary in Russian:

Не забывайте о безопасности. Найдите крепкое дерево, у которого две ветви расходятся в форме буквы V. Просверлите ствол дерева в четырех разных местах на каждой из сторон V. Измерьте расстояния между отверстиями на каждой стороне буквы V. Отнимите результат от 3 м, поделите на 2 остаток и отметьте расстояние на одной стороне балки 5 х 25. Сделайте 10 см паз у каждой из отметок двух досок 5 х 25. Установите две основных поддерживающих планки на дереве на соответствующей высоте. Перпендикулярно основным опорам разместите через равные промежутки четыре балки 5 х 15. Прикрепите к установленным четырем балкам 5 х 15 еще 2 такие же балки. Прикрепите платформу к основным опорам с помощью болтов для стропил. Закрепите платформу с помощью закрепов для балок. Закрепите платформу с помощью балок 5х10.


Article in English: Before you begin to carve your pumpkin, make sure the stem is thick and strong and that the skin is not punctured. Broken skin allows bacteria an entry point, which speeds decay. If the pumpkin is already a little soft in the pumpkin patch, even in a tiny area, it's well on its way to rotting. That small soft spot will be a caved in pumpkin in a matter of days. You want a pumpkin with a nice hard body, no give when you press it gently, and even color. This helps prevent bacteria from entering before you've finished carving. Gently wash the outside of the pumpkin with lukewarm soapy water, and ensure that your carving tools are clean. This will remove all of the gooey parts that are prone to mold and decay. Using tools sold specifically for pumpkin-carving won't necessarily extend the life of your pumpkin, but tools that are very sharp will create cleaner cuts that will help it last longer. Ragged edges provide more surface area for decay-causing bacteria to settle in, and too much unnecessary sawing will bruise and soften the pumpkin. The thickness of the pumpkin will not greatly alter how quickly it rots. If you scoop away too much by accident, don't fret.

Summary in Russian:

Выберите свежую тыкву. Очистите тыкву полностью перед разделкой. Вычистите внутреннюю часть тыквы полностью.


Article in English: Before you begin to publish a final copy, you will want to practice writing exactly what you want to say in the brochure. This is a great time to check spelling, grammar, and punctuation.  First, you’ll want to create a story. Just like a good novel pulls in a reader, the client wants to feel as if they are going on an adventure. In paragraph form (full sentences), write a convincing argument for why your vacation spot is the best place to visit. After you have written down your argument, go back and proofread. More importantly, cross out extraneous information, keep what is critical, and add in to places that need a more exciting, or convincing argument. This argument can then be split apart into different sections of your brochure. You might have to tailor the sentences to exist as a stand-alone argument in the different sections, but this will give you a good head start. It is important that the writer knows exactly why each of the individual pieces are critical, and how they come together to convince the clientele. The brochure should be legible, and easy to follow. There should be an overall flow to the brochure, and it should not feel discombobulated.  Your heading/title should appear in bold lettering, underlined, and be large enough to read from far away. If someone is sitting in a doctors office, or at a coffee shop, they should be able to see the title clearly, at the top of the brochure. Each of the subheadings/section headings should also be in bold, and underlined. They should be a slightly smaller font size than the title. They should all also all be the same font. If one subtitle is in Times New Roman, keep them all Times New Roman. This creates a nice flow to your brochure, and does not bog down the viewer in trying to comprehend the brochure. Simple tag lines like "Mexican Vacation" or "Hawaiian Vacation" are going to bore the potential vacationers and not draw them in to read the rest of the brochure.  You need to use descriptive adjectives, possibly even verbs, to entice the viewer.  Write...

Summary in Russian:

Создайте предварительный набросок текста. Используйте специальные шрифты. Напишите увлекательный заголовок. Поймайте читателя на крючок первым же предложением брошюры. Подготовьте текст для каждого раздела брошюры. Скопируйте и отредактируйте отзывы. Включите в брошюру раздел с ценами. Направьте потенциального клиента к источникам дополнительной информации.


Article in English: Before you begin to remove a dried paint stain with chemicals, you should attempt to remove as much dried paint as you can manually. Depending on the amount of paint that is on the fabric, you may be able to scrape some off with a blunt scraper like a putty knife. You may also be able to use a brass wire brush or a stiff nylon brush to remove some of the dried paint. Be careful not to rip the fabric as you try to remove the paint. If none will come off, move on to the next step. Once you have removed as much excess paint as you can by scraping and brushing, you will need to soften the remaining paint with one of several alcohol-based solvents. Chances are you already have one of these products at home. Apply a small amount directly to the paint to begin loosening it.  Rubbing alcohol, turpentine, and mineral spirits are all effective solvents for acrylic paint. If you don't have any of these solvents on hand, you can try an acetone-based nail polish remover or even hairspray (as long as it contains alcohol). If none of these products work for you, try visiting your local home improvement store and buy a cleaning product that is specifically designed for removing the type of paint you are dealing with. For stubborn stains, you may have to let the solvent sit on the fabric for a while before you start scrubbing. Solvents are very harsh, so be careful with delicate fabrics. Acetone will damage certain fabrics, among them, those made of acetate or triacetate. Natural fibers like silk and wool are also easily damaged, so always test the solvent on a hidden area like an inside seam before using it. If your garment cannot be treated with solvents, take it to a dry cleaner to be professionally cleaned. Once the paint molecules begin to break down from the solvent and soften, scrub as much of the paint away as you can. Use a brush with stiff bristles for the best results. Once you've gotten most of the paint out, you can move the garment to the sink and continue scrubbing it with detergent and cold water. After you...

Summary in Russian:

Соскребите всю лишнюю краску. Используйте растворитель. Потрите пятно. Постирайте вещи в машинке.


Article in English: Before you begin to study for an exam, you need to have taken good notes in class. Listen to what your teacher says closely. Many times, teachers will drop clues to what will be covered on the test. These hints can range from going over the information multiple times, using words like "important" or "key" when covering an idea, to even saying, "This will be on the exam."  Write down everything you think is important. The more you write down during class, the better prepared you will be for the test. Review your notes each day. Don't cram. Waiting until the night before an exam only hurts you. Cramming will sometimes give you a passing grade, but it is not an effective, reliable study method. Students who study consistently, but in shorter amounts of time, do better in school. To avoid cramming, read your notes daily so you learn the information as you go along. Even if the teacher gives you one, make your own outline for the information covered on the test. Include the main concepts and ideas that will be covered on the test. Include examples, definitions, formulas, and other pertinent information.  Make your own questions to test yourself. If you know there will be an essay on the test, then come up with essay questions and answers. Study with another student in the class and ask each other questions about the material. Make flashcards. Place definitions, concepts, themes, dates, and formulas on flashcards to quiz yourself. Reword concepts on your study guide. Many teachers ask information in different ways to see how well your synthesis of the material is. Think of other ways questions might be asked or another way a concept could be presented on the exam. You should never ignore the information until the date of the exam. You should review the information daily and weekly to begin committing it to memory and begin fully understanding the information. As the exam date approaches, allot more time for studying that subject. You may need some additional time to brush up on certain ideas or do a more...

Summary in Russian:

Ведите хорошие конспекты. Составьте свое собственное методическое пособие. Уделяйте время учебе. Начните повторять предмет за неделю до контрольной работы. Больше отдыхайте. Внимательно прочтите вопросы. Задайте себе темп. Доверяйте своей интуиции.


Article in English: Before you begin to use this dying method you will want to make sure you are comfortable, relaxed, and ready to focus.  This technique will allow you to increase the oxygen in your body and can produce unusual sensations.  Get ready and make sure you won't be distracted before using this technique.  This technique is done most easily when sitting or laying down. Make sure your phone is turned off or put away somewhere where no one cant see you're on wikihow trying to get high. Create a space that will allow you to focus on this exercise. Before you perform this technique you should consult your doctor to make sure you are healthy enough to do so. You should not do this breathing exercise if you have certain medical conditions such as asthma. In order to bring more oxygen into your body you will need to inhale properly.  As you inhale make sure you are breathing in deeply, using your diaphragm to draw in a full and complete breath.  Full inhalations are critical to this breathing technique.  Use your solar plexus or diaphragm to draw in a full breath. Your inhalation should take around only one second. Try to pull in as much air as you can on your inhalation. Once you have taken a deep breath, inhaling using your diaphragm, you will need to exhale quickly and with some force.  Make sure your lungs are mostly empty as you push all the air from them.  Nearly emptying your lungs will allow you to quickly inhale once again, drawing and retaining oxygen..  Tighten up your stomach on your exhalation to push air out of your lungs. Your exhalation should last about one second. Make your exhalations strong, pushing air out of your lungs. Don't exhale fully.  Try to leave some air in your lungs. In order to begin feeling the effects of this breathing technique you will need to take around thirty breaths.  Fully inhale and exhale, counting both movements as one full breath, until you have reached the full count of thirty breaths.  You will begin to feel tingling in your body. Your mental state may begin to change. You...

Summary in Russian:

Устройтесь поудобнее. Сделайте вдох. Сделайте выдох. Повторите вдох-выдох 30 раз. Задержите дыхание. Тренируйтесь.


Article in English: Before you begin trimming your curls, start with dry hair that is styled how you normally wear it. Make sure that your curls are laid out the way that you like them to be. Secure the towel with a strong hair clip or safety pin. The towel will help prevent hair from getting on your neck and clothing.  You may also want to put some newspaper on the floor to catch the hair that you trim off. If you have a hairdresser's cape, you can use this in place of a towel. Before you begin, make sure that you will be able to see the front and back of your hair by placing one mirror in front of you and another behind you. You can use your bathroom mirror as one of the mirrors for this purpose. The mirrors should be facing each other. Adjust the mirrors until you can see the front and the back of your head in the mirror in front of you. If you have long hair, this step is optional since you should be able to bring each strand forward as you trim your curls. Separate your hair into sections to give you the most control over your cut. Then, using a pair of sharp haircutting scissors, trim the ends of each of your curls. Make sure the scissors you use are meant for cutting hair and that they are very sharp.Cut the hair near the ends or in the curve of the curl. Begin by trimming the topmost layers and work your way down through your curls, section by section. After you finish trimming the ends of one layer, use a hair clip to separate the trimmed hair from the hair that you have not yet cut. Keeping the trimmed hair separate will help prevent you from cutting the same curls twice. Continue trimming the ends of your curls until you have trimmed them all. This may take a while, especially if you have thick hair. Just be patient and don’t rush! When you are finished, run your fingers through your curls and shake them out. Inspect your hair from all angles and make sure it looks how you want it to look. Use the scissors to touch up any spots that don’t look right. Look for any strands that are drastically longer than others or that...

Summary in Russian:

Расчешите волосы как обычно. Оберните вокруг шеи и плеч полотенце. Установите зеркала. Подрежьте волосы. Отделите подстриженные пряди от нестриженных. Встряхните волосами. Осмотрите волосы.


Article in English: Before you begin troubleshooting a clogged drain in your dishwasher, you should always disconnect the power to the machine. This can be done by removing the plug from the outlet. You could also remove the fuse from the fuse box or turn the appropriate breaker off to ensure that the power is completely disconnected. Your dishwasher owner’s manual will likely come with instructions that will tell you how to locate and disconnect the hose from the dishwasher. Once you have located the hose, use pliers to pinch the wire clamp and slide it up the hose. You should also place a catch basin under the hose, to collect any spills that may come out of the hose. Once the hose has been disconnected, try wiggling the hose to loosen any debris that may be trapped. Then, insert a straightened wire coat hanger or auger into the hose and remove any clogs that may exist. Alternatively, you can try running high pressure water through the hose to remove any clogs. Use a garden hose to blast out debris that may be trapped. Once the clog has been removed from the hose, reattach the hose to the dishwasher. Plug in the dishwasher and run the machine on a normal cycle with no dishes. The dishwasher should now drain properly and water should no longer pool in the bottom of the machine.

Summary in Russian:

Отключите посудомоечную машину от электросети. Сверьтесь с руководством пользователя. Отсоедините шланг. Проволочной вешалкой или тросом для прочистки труб удалите засор из шланга. Верните шланг на место и запустите посудомойку.


Article in English: Before you begin tweaking/altering your lyrics, you will want to figure out the general beat of your song.  The rhythm will tell your listeners, even without words, the mood of your song.  For songs about sadness, or longing, the rhythm is usually slower, while happy songs are generally more upbeat.  Above each word, write full, half, or quarter notes.  This will let you know how long you want to sing each word.  Sad songs have a lot more full notes, while happy songs are generally full of quarter, and sometimes even eighth notes. The chorus, of either a sad or happy pop song, will have a consistent rhythm throughout the song.  When it comes to verses, sad songs have a more freewheeling style.  They can go slower or faster, and change up in between.  Happy songs should have both consistent chorus lines and verses respectively throughout. This is probably the most important part of a pop song.  Pop songs are played on a radio, and therefore, there is a short time to "hook" the audience.  The hook of your song draws them in and keeps them interested.  Sit down at a piano, or pull out your guitar.  Begin practicing different riffs.  Alternate the riff to suit your particular song.  One of the best examples of a riff is "Satisfaction" by the Rolling Stones.  The entry to this song immediately gets the audience hooked. Note that the riff does not necessarily have to be the same as the melody or rhythm.  The hook can be used solely at the beginning to draw the audience in, or it can be used throughout and remain in the background. A song like "Satisfaction" uses the riff throughout, while a song like "Train, Train" by Blackfoot only uses a harmonica riff at the very beginning. There is no perfect formula for this as there is a different melody for every song ever made.  However, pop songs generally hand a mixture of repetition and variation that make the song easy to remember.  Read the words of your song out loud, over and over again, until your mind begins to attach some notes to the words.  One way to find...

Summary in Russian:

Придумайте ритм для чернового варианта текста. Начните песню с цепляющего момента. Определитесь с мелодией для песни. Придумайте последовательность аккордов. Добавьте переход или проигрыш.


Article in English: Before you begin work on the finished product, create a rough prototype (test game) so that you can play around with it. It doesn’t have to be pretty, but a hands-on experience will help you to see if the basics work the way you planned.  A prototype is a vital part of the game creation process, as it gets ideas out of your head and into the real world where you can evaluate them with other players. Hold off on adding artistic details until you begin assembling the final product. Simple, pencil-drawn game boards and cards will allow you to erase and make adjustments as necessary. This will give you a sense of whether your board is too large or small. Depending on the theme and mechanics of your game, your board may or may not include the following elements:  A path. Simple games may have a single path that leads to a finish line, more complex path games may have splits or loops in the path. A playing field. Games that have a playing field do not have a set path. Instead, players move as they see fit through areas that are usually divided into squares or hexes. Landing positions. These can be depicted with shapes or images. Landing positions can have special effects, like allowing you to advance a square or draw a card. Buttons, checkers, poker chips, chess pieces, and knickknacks work well as prototype game pieces. Avoid using game pieces that are too large for your prototype, since these can make it difficult to read information written on the board. Game pieces can change considerably over the course of your game’s development. Keep prototype game pieces simple so you don’t invest a lot of time designing something that ends up getting changed. Randomly shuffled game cards will affect players in unexpected ways. A card often tells a quick story about an event that befalls a player and then changes their score/position/inventory accordingly.  Decks have about 15 to 20 card types (like trap cards and tool cards). These types are limited to about 10 cards to a deck to create a balanced mix. Cards can have...

Summary in Russian:

Используйте прототипную версию игры, чтобы оценить вашу задумку. Нарисуйте черновой вариант игрового поля. Соберите все составляющие элементы прототипа игры. Используйте игровые карточки, чтобы придать игре больше разнообразия.


Article in English: Before you begin working on your essay, it is crucial to understand what the assignment is about, and to learn if there are any specific rules you need to follow. Read your assignment thoroughly, and assess what you need to do. For example:  Does your essay need to answer a specific question or questions? Is your essay supposed to present a critical analysis of a source, such as a book, poem, film, or work of art? Is the objective to demonstrate your ability to present an original argument based on research? Have you been asked to compare and contrast two ideas, events, or literary or artistic works? Different instructors have different expectations regarding formatting. Check your assignment carefully for formatting guidelines. These might include things like line spacing, total essay length (in words, pages, or paragraphs), font size, page numbers, or requirements for cover pages and section headings. If the formatting requirements aren’t on your assignment sheet, check the course syllabus or ask your instructor. Depending on the subject matter and the personal preferences of your instructor, you may be required to use a particular citation style. In the US, for example:  Essays on subjects in the social sciences usually use APA-style citations. Essays on subjects in the humanities, such as literature or history, typically use MLA or Chicago Style. Essays on medical or health-related topics may use the AMA style, while other sciences have their own discipline-specific styles. The basic rules for most common citation styles are readily available online. For more detailed information, look for a style guide in your school library or bookstore. Don’t be afraid to ask your instructor any questions you may have about the assignment. Most instructors are happy to explain anything that might be unclear, or offer advice on how to approach the assignment. Unless you have been given a very specific assignment, you will probably need to pick a topic to focus on. Before you start writing, figure out what the main point...

Summary in Russian:

Внимательно прочитайте требования к работе. Обратите внимание на требования к оформлению. Обратите внимание на требования по оформлению ссылок, цитат и сносок. Если вам непонятны какие-либо требования, попросите разъяснений. Конкретизируйте тему работы.


Article in English: Before you begin writing your paragraph, you must have a clear idea of what the paragraph is going to be about. This is because a paragraph is essentially a collection of sentences that all relate to one central topic. Without a definite idea of what the main topic is, your paragraph will lack focus and unity. In order to pin down the exact topic of your paragraph, you should ask yourself a number of questions:    What is the prompt I have been given? If you are writing a paragraph as a response or answer to a particular prompt, such as "You have decided to donate money to charity. Which charity do you choose and why?" or "Describe your favorite day of the week," you will need to think carefully about that prompt and make sure you are directly addressing it, rather than going off topic.  What are the main ideas or issues that I need to address? Think about the topic you are being asked or have decided to write about and consider what the most relevant ideas or issues relating to that topic are. As paragraphs are usually relatively short, it is important that you try to hit on all of the main ideas, without going off topic.  Who am I writing for? Think about who the intended readership of this paragraph or paper is going to be. What is their prior knowledge? Are they familiar with the topic at hand, or will it require a number of explanatory sentences? If your paragraphs are part of a larger essay, writing an essay outline can help you define the major ideas or goals of each paragraph. Once you have a clearer idea of what you want to address in your paragraph, you can start organizing your thoughts by writing down your ideas on a notepad or word document. There's no need to write out full sentences just yet, just jot down some key words and phrases. Once you see everything on paper, you may get a clearer idea of which points are essential to include in your paragraph, and which points are superfluous.  At this point, you may realize that there's a gap in your knowledge and that it will be necessary to look up...

Summary in Russian:

Определите главную тему абзаца. Запишите отдельно всю информацию и идеи, касающиеся данной темы. Определите структуру будущего абзаца.


Article in English: Before you begin your foray into home brewing, get a notebook, and note down everything you do—the cleaning process, what strain of yeast, the amount and specific type of malt, what variety of hops, and any specialty grains or other ingredients used to produce your beer. This will allow you to reproduce any given brew, or provide a basis for experimentation and improvement.

Summary in Russian:

Делайте заметки.


Article in English: Before you begin your game, make sure that you have everything that you need to play Scrabble. You will need a game board, 100 letter tiles, one letter rack for each player, and a cloth bag to hold the letter tiles. You will also need 1-3 other people to play with. It is possible that during the course of your game, someone will play a word that another player believes is invalid. In a situation like this, you will need to look up the word in a dictionary. Make sure that you have a dictionary or a mobile device with a Scrabble checker app on hand to deal with challenges. To make sure that the letters are distributed fairly, put them into the bag, close it, and shake them around a bit. Pass the bag around the table and allow each player to draw one tile. Then, place your tiles face up on the table. The player with the letter that is closest to the letter “A” gets to go first. Put these letters back into the bag and shuffle them again before drawing tiles. If any player draws a blank tile, he or she will start the game. Beginning with the person who drew the tile closest to "A", allow the players to take seven tiles. Hold the bag above eye level so that you can't see the tiles. Do not show these tiles to your fellow players. Just put them onto your tile rack and pass the bag to the next player until everyone has drawn their letters.

Summary in Russian:

Убедитесь, что у вас есть все необходимое для игры в Скрабл. Разыщите словарь, чтобы у вас была возможность разбирать трудные случаи. Ссыпьте косточки с буквами в мешочек и встряхните его. Определите того, кто первым начнет игру. Вытяните из мешка кости для игры.


Article in English: Before you begin, contact your water purveyor or municipal water department to ask about laws, codes, and permits related to drip irrigation systems. Each area and water purveyor may have its own requirements, and some require a licensed irrigator and/or backflow tester to be present during the installation. These precautions ensure a safe installation that will prevent contamination from your irrigation system into drinking water.  If you plan on using the drip irrigation as a temporary system while your landscaping gets established, mention the expected time frame. The requirements may be lighter. In many areas, including some U.S. states, proceeding without the proper permits or supervision can lead to fines, a court appearance, or even jail time. Your drip emitters and tube diameter will determine the system's maximum GPH (gallons per hour). In order to meet your entire garden's water needs, you may need to divide your system into several zones. By installing a "zone control valve" in each zone, you can direct flow to one or two zones at a time. It's best to install each valve near the center of the zone, so it pushes water out at even pressure in all directions.  If the drip system will be permanent, it's worth the cost of an electric valve that hooks up to an irrigation controller. Manual valves are tedious to operate and often mistakenly left operating for longer than intended. The equipment you buy should come with recommended maximum tube length and GPH. You can also calculate this yourself using hydraulic flow calculations.

Summary in Russian:

Выделите в саду зоны, нуждающиеся в разном количестве воды. Выберите тип распылителя.


Article in English: Before you begin, get an idea of how bad the problem is, and whether chinch bugs are the ones responsible. Cut the base off a coffee can and push it two inches (5 cm) into the turf. Pour in soapy water until it stays filled. Repeat in several areas of your lawn, especially at the border of yellow patches. Return after ten minutes and count chinch bugs floating on the surface:  5+ chinch bugs per can: a serious infestation. Continue to the next step for treatment. 2–4 chinch bugs per can: low-level infestation. Improve lawn health and test again later. Treat immediately if your lawn is in poor health. 0–1 chinch bug per can: no treatment necessary. If your lawn is in poor health, there is probably another cause. Alternatively, you might also take a close look at the lawn with a magnifying glass. This can be effective if you catch the chinch bug infestation early, before they've spread throughout your lawn:  Rake the lawn vigorously for 2 ft (60 cm) on all sides of the damaged area, toward the center. Vacuum the damaged area and surroundings. Water thoroughly. Insecticidal soaps are considered safe and appropriate for organic farming. A homemade soap treatment is actually more likely to damage your garden, but pure castille soap or mild Ivory or Dawn products (not extra-strength, grease-cutting, or anti-bacterial) are usually safe in a solution of 2½ tbsp dishwashing liquid per 1 gallon water (40 mL per 4 L). Mix in a clean sprayer, then shake or stir vigorously to combine. If using an insecticidal soap, dilute it following label instructions instead.  This method also works best if you catch the infestation early and use it to target small areas of lawn. If you have hard water in your area, the soap may fail to mix in, leaving a scum on the surface after the water settles. If this happens, make a new mix using distilled or bottled water instead.  Using a commercial insecticidal soap for chinch bugs is not legal in Canada, although this may just be an oversight. Homemade soap treatments are allowed.  Any soap...

Summary in Russian:

Оцените размеры популяции травяных клопов. Пропылесосьте газон. Купите или самостоятельно приготовьте мыльный раствор против насекомых. Распылите мыльный раствор на газон. Застелите опрысканный участок фланелевой простыней. При необходимости повторяйте обработку. Способствуйте появлению жужелиц. Привлеките на помощь других полезных насекомых. Попробуйте использовать натуральные средства борьбы на основе масел. Посыпьте газон садовым диатомитом.