Article in English: The size of the rod you buy should be determined by the size of the fish available to catch in your region.  For fish under 20 pounds, use a six-foot rod with at least a 10-pound test line. For fish over 20 pounds, use a seven-foot rod with at least a 20-pound test line. Longer rods are better for fishing from banks, as opposed to a boat, since they offer greater reach. Most sporting good stores sell starter tackle boxes that include a range of supplies to get you started. When it comes down to it, all you really need are sharp fishhooks, but some of the other accessories are nice to have.  Glow-in-the-dark bobbers can come in handy when you're fishing at night. Other types of bobbers can be helpful when you're fishing on a still pond. You'll also need buckets and coolers to hold your bait and any catfish you'll be bringing home. Some catfish enthusiasts swear by a specific type of bait, but the truth is that catfish will eat many different things. For your first few catfish expeditions, take a few different types of bait, so you can find out what the catfish in your region like to eat.  Try some of these options:  Try cut bait. Shad, herring, goldeye, and other baitfish release oils that attract catfish. Slices of these fish are particularly effective for catching channel catfish, which are the most common type of catfish in North America. You can also use live baitfish that haven't been cut. These won't release oil as readily, but they may be more appealing to catfish since they're alive. Experiment to see which one is better.  Try crawfish. Catfish in southern regions might eat crawfish, which is available at your local bait shop. Try nightcrawlers, which you can also buy at the bait shop. These worms are appealing to many types of fish.. If you don't want to make a run to the bait shop, you can use chicken livers or pieces of corn. Try an artificial bait. There are dozens of artificial catfish baits sold at sporting goods stores, many of which claim to have a magic ingredient for which catfish go wild....

Summary in Russian:

Купите удочку и леску. Купите рыболовные крючки, поплавки, и другие снасти. Поэкспериментируйте с различными типами приманки. Размер наживки должен соответствовать размеру рыбы, которую вы собираетесь поймать. Приманка должна быть свежей.


Article in English: The size of the roller will affect the size and shape of the curl. If you want tight, bouncy curls, choose small foam rollers. Or, choose large rollers for loose, soft curls. Generally, smaller rollers are better for shorter hair, while any size roller can be used for longer hair.

Summary in Russian:

Выберите поролоновые бигуди подходящего размера.


Article in English: The size of the slices are up to you, but they should be sliced thin enough that they're ready to serve. You can slice up the entire ham, or you can do a bit at a time if you're not serving many people at once. The foil will help to keep any moisture released from the ham slices inside the dish, which helps prevent the ham from drying out. The foil should be wrapped around the sides of the dish to prevent any heat from escaping. in the oven. The oven should be set to 275 degrees Fahrenheit (135 degrees Celsius). How long you have to reheat it will depend on how much the ham weighs. You should leave the ham in the oven for 10 minutes for every pound (0.5 kg) it weighs. About halfway through your cooking time, remove the foil from a corner of the baking dish. The slices should still look mostly pink. If you notice them turning white, they're drying out. Add a few tablespoons of water to the dish and put the ham back in the oven.

Summary in Russian:

Нарежьте мясо ломтиками. Положите ломтики ветчины в неглубокую форму для запекания и накройте фольгой. Разогрейте ветчину в духовке. Проверьте ветчину и убедитесь в том, что она не пересохла.


Article in English: The size of the vegetable pieces, their variety and age, and your personal preference all dictate how long a vegetable should be cooked. Cooking several stir fries using your favorite vegetables will help you get a feel for how long each vegetable should stay in the wok.  If you find a particular vegetable in the stir fry too crunchy, add it earlier next time. If a vegetable feels too soft or falls apart, add it later next time. Carrots, cauliflower, and broccoli are often the culprits, since they are hard and can be difficult to cut into small pieces. If these or other tough vegetables take too long, you have a couple options:   Blanch them before frying. If your vegetable pieces are at least half an inch thick, steaming them for a short time will quickly make them softer. Always pat them dry before frying. Alternatively, add a small amount of water, broth, or dry sherry during the cooking. Cover for one to two minutes until the vegetables are tender, then continue stir frying as normal. You'll need to soak dried mushrooms for five to fifteen minutes or until tender before you can use them in a stir fry. Adding them dry will result in hard, chewy bits in your stir fry.  To soak dried mushrooms, boil some water, then remove from heat and add the mushrooms. Remove them from the water once they're plump, after three to five minutes. Dried shiitake are harder than other varieties, so they may need to be soaked for up to 10 minutes. After the stir fry has been taken off the heat, you might want to add a flavorful decoration that doesn't require cooking in the wok or skillet. For that perfect final touch, here are a few good options:  Sesame seeds or toasted nuts sprinkled over the stir fry add satisfying crunch. Parsley, basil, or other fresh herbs look attractive and add a pleasant scent. Sprinkle on a few thin slices of raw vegetables to add a brighter color and different consistency to the dish.

Summary in Russian:

Отрегулируйте время приготовления, если овощ оказался слишком мягким или слишком хрустящим. Бланшируйте или вымачивайте овощи, которые слишком долго готовятся. Вымачивайте сушеные грибы в горячей воде перед обжаркой. Экспериментируйте с приправами. <finished>


Article in English: The skillet should be heated over medium-high heat. Allow it to warm up for five minutes or so to ensure that it is appropriately hot. Do not use oil or cooking spray, since the nuts themselves contain enough oil to cook. It would be beneficial to use a non-stick skillet, however. The nuts should only be cooked on a single layer, and it is not recommended to toast a large batch that forms a multi-layer pile. It is generally a good idea to start with the "x" facing upward on as many of the nuts as possible, but it is not essential, since the walnuts will not stay in the same position for long. After the first minute or two, begin stirring the nuts. They can rest for 30 second intervals or so, but for the most part, the nuts should be stirred continuously to ensure even and thorough toasting. Use a heat-resistant spatula. The process may take a little longer or a little shorter depending on how hot the heating elements in your stovetop make the pan. Once the nuts begin browning and become very fragrant, they are ready to be pulled off. You should also dump them out of the pan since they will continue cooking there even after it has been removed from the heat.

Summary in Russian:

Нагрейте большую, сухую сковороду. Положите грецкие орехи в сковороду. Часто перемешивайте орехи. Снимите орехи с горячей поверхности через 10 минут.


Article in English: The skin around your eyes is much thinner and more sensitive than the skin anywhere else on your body, and as such, it needs to be treated with extra care.  Eye creams are designed specifically for this type of skin and should be the only product (other than eye makeup) that is applied to this area. Always apply your eye cream using your middle or ring finger on your dominant hand.  The reason for this is that this finger is used the least and will be the most gentle. If your eye cream comes in a pump bottle, you'll need to pump a small amount of the cream onto the finger you're going to use, and add more as needed.  If you're eye cream comes in a tub-like container, you can simply dip your finger into that container as needed. After you've blended your eye cream into your skin, wait 1-2 minutes before applying any eye makeup.  This is especially important if you use any liquid types of eye makeup, as it may run if your skin is too damp. It is especially important to remove all your eye makeup at the end of the day, before you wash your face before bed.

Summary in Russian:

Используйте специальный крем для области вокруг глаз. Наносите крем только пальцем. Дайте крему впитаться, прежде чем делать макияж.


Article in English: The skin of a cucumber is coated in a protective wax. While you can eat this coating without much problem, the wax will distort the texture of cucumber juice. You can accomplish this task by using either a potato peeler or a sharp knife with a smooth blade. The bottom and top stem are hard, inedible parts that you should not attempt to turn into juice. The pieces can be up to 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) in height, width, and depth. Smaller pieces will also work, but you should avoid using pieces that are much bigger than that. You should leave a couple of inches in between the top cucumber pieces and the rim of the machine. Do not fill the food processor to the top. Run the machine for approximately two minutes. The mixture should be pulpy, but it does not need to be smooth. The strainer should be small enough to fit inside the mouth of the bowl, but if possible, you should use a strainer with a wide enough rim to rest on top of the brim of the bowl. By resting the strainer on top of the bowl, you free up both hands. Alternatively, use a jelly bag instead. The cloth will allow you to strain out more pulp. You can also line the strainer with coffee filters to create the same effect. Pour as much of the cucumber puree into the strainer as possible without causing the puree to overflow. By stirring the cucumbers, you encourage the juice to seep out and flow through the strainers, into the bowl. Continue stirring and pressing until no more juice comes out. You can also store fresh cucumber juice in a sealed container inside the refrigerator for one week.

Summary in Russian:

Очистите огурцы. Отрежьте кончики огурцов с помощью острого ножа. Нарежьте огурцы крупными кусками. Закиньте кусочки огурцов в кухонный комбайн или блендер. Перемешайте кусочки огурцов на средней или высокой скорости. Поместите над большой миской ситечко. Поместите марлю внутрь сита. Постепенно выжимайте измельченные огурцы через сито. Перемешайте пюре резиновой лопаточкой или металлической ложкой, периодически вдавливая его в марлю или сито. Разлейте огуречный сок по стаканам и подайте охлажденным.


Article in English: The skin on your face and body is easily affected by things like stress, weather, and age, so it’s not uncommon to have a variety of products to address these changing needs.  When you shop for lotions, consider what your skin goals are and find a lotion that helps you achieve that goal.  In addition to products that treat the standard skin types, you can also find products geared towards:  Firming or toning Self-tanning Acne treatment Age defying or preventative treatments Wrinkle reducing Eczema treatment Even though you’re on your feet all day, many people forget to put lotion on their feet as well.  Like the hands, your feet take a lot throughout the day and also have delicate cuticles that need to be cared for.  Extremely dry feet can crack at the heel and be extremely painful or unsightly.  To help combat heel cracks and dry, scaly feet, apply a thick lotion to your feet when you get into bed.  This way your feet have all night to absorb the moisturizing nutrients.  For best results, you can put on a pair of thick socks after applying lotion to reduce the lotion wiping off on your sheets.

Summary in Russian:

Подумайте о том, что необходимо вашей коже. Перед сном наносите лосьон на ступни ног.


Article in English: The skin on your face is more delicate than the rest of your body, so make sure the box specifically says the kit is safe to use on your face.If you don't want to deal with the messy wax, look for roll-on wax or kits that come with pre-waxed strips. Most home waxing kits are microwavable so you can easily heat them up in your kitchen. The last thing you want is to get wax in the rest of your hair, so make sure it is entirely off your face. Gather it back in a ponytail, and use an elastic or fabric headband to secure all of the hair behind your hairline. Remember to pin back your bangs, too. The only hair that should be free from the headband is the hair you plan to remove.  If you don't have a headband, you can use bobby pins or hair clips to secure your hair. You can also use a scarf to secure the rest of your hair and keep it out of the way. Make sure you have removed all of your makeup, and cleansed your skin of oil, dirt, and other debris. Waxing can leave your skin prone to bacteria, so it’s important that the skin around your sideburns is completely clean.  If you have sensitive or oily skin, apply a dusting of talc or baby powder to the area where you will be waxing. Don't wax if you've used a prescription retinoid or over-the-counter retinol in the last 10 days, or the waxing may rip your skin off along with your hair. Wait to wax if your skin is sunburned, peeling, or broken. For the most effective results, your hair must be the right length prior to waxing. Typically, you want it to be 0.25 to 0.5 inches (0.64 to 1.27 cm) long. Use a pair of small scissors to trim your sideburns until all of the hair is the appropriate length. Keep in mind that if there are any hairs shorter than 1/4-inch, the wax likely won't remove them. Make sure to follow the heating directions on the kit carefully. It’s especially important not to overheat the wax because you may burn yourself. You can test a little on the inside of your wrist to make sure the temperature is correct. The skin there is thin and should be a good...

Summary in Russian:

Купите комплект для эпиляции воском на лице. Для начала соберите волосы в хвост или откиньте назад, чтобы воск не попал на остальные волосы. Умойтесь. Обрежьте длинные волоски. Нагрейте воск. Нанесите воск на бакенбарды. На воск положите полоску ткани. Постарайтесь резко и одним движением удалить полоску. После эпиляции нанесите успокаивающий лосьон или крем. Пинцетом удалите оставшиеся волоски.


Article in English: The skin should start to soften. You may add Epsom salts, bath oils, or even tea if you like, but they're not necessary. Add 1 cup of apple cider vinegar if your calluses are harsh. (Warning: do not add vinegar if you have diabetes or poor circulation.) Be sure to periodically clean the stone or file. Do not overly scrub your feet/hands. 5 minutes is enough time.  You want to slowly take down the callus over a month or so.  If you begin to feel pain or after you have removed a couple layers of skin, stop. Do not use a pumice stone if you are diabetic. Use a washcloth to scrub your calluses. Make sure that you clean off all of the dead skin. Use a thick foot or hand lotion to hold in extra moisture. Lotions with Urea in them are particularly good.  If you are about to go to bed, put on socks or gloves to hold in the moisture and lotion. Repeat this entire process at the end of every week. Reapply lotion to the callused area after showering. Use a thicker cream for the best results.

Summary in Russian:

Замочите свои руки, ноги или локти в теплой или горячей воде на 10 минут. Потрите мозоли пемзой. Мойте руки и ноги. Наносите на руки и ноги специальные крема. Поддерживайте нежность рук и ног.


Article in English: The skipping side kick is used to bring you in range of your target so that you can make contact with the side kick. This kick is also called the hop step side kick. You should master the normal side kick before attempting the skipping side kick. You will usually begin from this position so it is best to practice from here. A common position is to stand with your left foot in front and right in back facing mostly sideways. Your right hand would be by your chin with your left 12-16 inches (30-40 cm) in front of your left shoulder. This gives you an advantage when you move forward into your kick later. Keep your knees bent so that you can move easily from this position. This is the “hop” or “skip” or the skipping side kick. Move forwards toward your target as you jump. You should be jumping off both feet at the same time. You will not be jumping in a huge leap forward. You will just be jumping to bring your body and leg to the right distance from your target for your side kick. The higher you can bring your knee to your chest, the higher you will be able to kick your target. You can make contact with either the sole or the heel of your foot.  If you are sparring, then it is better to strike with the sole of your foot. If you are trying to break something such as a brick or board you should use the heel of your foot. This way you drive all the strength and force of your kick through your heel, which is the strongest part of your foot. You will rotate your non-kicking foot until it is facing backwards to gain more power in your kick. As you straighten out the last bit of your knee, rotate your foot to bring the strength of your hip into the kick. This should be the same as the normal side kick. Bend your knee and then bring your foot down to the ground. You will land with your foot in front of you rather than bringing it back. It is equally important to practice this kick with the other foot as well. Keep practicing often with both legs to develop muscle memory for the kick. This will make it easier and quicker...

Summary in Russian:

Боковой удар с прыжком позволяет ближе подобраться к цели. Начните с обычной боевой стойки. Поверните тело и стопы боком. Подпрыгните одновременно вверх и вперед. Поднесите переднее колено к груди во время прыжка. Вытяните бьющую ногу и нанесите удар. Проворачивайте опорную ногу в момент выпрямления колена бьющей ноги. Поставьте ногу перед собой. Тренируйтесь с обеих сторон.


Article in English: The slope of a line is defined by (Y2 - Y1)/(X2 - X1) where X and Y are the horizontal and vertical coordinates of points on the line. You must define two points on the line to calculate this formula. The point closer to the bottom of the line is (X1, Y1) and the point higher on the line, above the first point, is (X2, Y2).  This formula can be restated as the rise over the run. It is the change in vertical difference over the change in horizontal difference, or the steepness of the line. If a line points upwards to the right, it will have a positive slope. If the line is downwards to the right, it will have a negative slope. A point on a line is given by the coordinate (X, Y) where X is the location on the horizontal axis and Y is the location on the vertical axis. To calculate the slope, you need to identify two points on each of the lines in question.  Points are easily determined when you have a line drawn on graphing paper. To define a point, draw a dashed line up from the horizontal axis until it intersects the line. The position that you started the line on the horizontal axis is the X coordinate, while the Y coordinate is where the dashed line intersects the line on the vertical axis. For example: line l has the points (1, 5) and (-2, 4) while line r has the points (3, 3) and (1, -4). To actually calculate the slope, simply plug in the numbers, subtract, and then divide. Take care to plug in the coordinates to the proper X and Y value in the formula.  To calculate the slope of line l: slope = (5 – (-4))/(1 – (-2)) Subtract: slope = 9/3 Divide: slope = 3 The slope of line r is: slope = (3 – (-4))/(3 - 1) = 7/2 Remember, two lines are parallel only if they have identical slopes. Lines may look parallel on paper and may even be very close to parallel, but if their slopes are not exactly the same, they aren’t parallel. In this example, 3 is not equal to 7/2, therefore, these two lines are not parallel.

Summary in Russian:

Запишите формулу для вычисления углового коэффициента. Определите координаты двух точек, которые лежат на каждой прямой. Подставьте координаты точек в формулу. Сравните угловые коэффициенты.


Article in English: The slow soak method is a preferred method of preparing beans if you've set aside enough time to soak overnight. Slow soaking ensures that the final product is fully cooked, not crunchy or underdone. If you choose the slow soak method, put the beans in a 5 qt. (4.7 l) saucepan and cover them with about 8 cups (about 2 l) of water. Put the lid on the saucepan and allow them to soak overnight in the refrigerator. For a faster soak, put the beans and water in a saucepan and bring them to a boil. Allow them to boil for about 2 to 3 minutes. Remove the saucepan from the heat, cover it with a lid and let the beans soak for at least 1 hour. If you leave your beans in cool water overnight, expect them to at least double in size. Make sure your cooking vessel is large enough to accommodate this transformation. Your beans are now ready to be cooked.

Summary in Russian:

Если у вас есть в запасе ночь, то замочите бобы на ночь. Если у вас не так много времени, то попробуйте быстрое замачивание. Дождитесь, когда бобы удвоятся или утроятся в размере, в зависимости от способа замачивания. Промойте бобы в дуршлаге после замачивания.


Article in English: The small bushes that the beans will grow on will quickly become laden with heavy pods, and will sag over without the proper support. For this reason, it's important to plant stakes along your broad bean row to use to support them when they start to gain height.  Use small dowels spaced every foot or two along the row, with twine tied between, to give the plants something to lean on. You can use twine, or old strips of bed-sheet to gently tie the plants and keep them upright and keep the pods off the ground. Don't wait until you've got a huge plant and it's flopping over to stake them. It's very easy to damage the roots and promote mildew if the plant spends too much time flopped over on the ground before getting staked up. Broad beans can withstand dry spells, but keep the plants well-watered, especially if you live in an especially warm climate. Water the soil deeply in the coolest part of the day–first thing in the morning, or in the evening after dinner–and avoid over watering. You shouldn't see a bunch of standing water around your broad beans. Avoid overhead watering, which is watering the tops of the plants and letting it drip down into the soil. This will promote mildew and other problems. Water the soil. Broad bean roots are relatively shallow, making it very easy to accidentally uproot them if you're careless with a hoe. Weed around your broad beans by hand, keeping the area competition-free. Once the plant is established, you can lighten up on the weeding some. The plant will keep growing and will overproduce unless you stunt the growth by pinching off the new sprouts at the top of the plant as soon as you seen pods producing. At this point, you can harvest some of the leaves to eat, which are a surprisingly tender salad green. Pinch out the growing tips when you see young beans appearing at the base. Remove the tips with two leaves attached from the tops of the plants. If you don't want to eat them, compost them. If you've got problems with rodents, groundhogs, rabbits, or other pests messing with...

Summary in Russian:

Подоприте растения, как только они начнут расти. Поливайте умеренно и глубоко. Активно боритесь с сорняками, особенно если готовите бобы к зимовке. Когда растение начнет давать стручки, обрежьте новые побеги. Подумайте об использовании полосового всходозащитного покрытия. Остерегайтесь тли.


Article in English: The small muscles at the base of your skull right above where your neck meets your head are your occipital muscles. Tightness here is responsible for a lot of pain and tension, and sometimes headaches and dizziness. The best way to relieve these muscles is with ball massage. Use a tennis ball, racquetball, small foam roller, or anything with a similar shape. Lie flat on your back face up and place the ball under your neck right at the base of your skull on either side of your spine. Turn your head side to side to roll over different areas. Do this for about 5 minutes, and be sure to massage both sides. Stand up straight. Tilt your chin to your chest. Interlace your fingers and place them behind your head. Do NOT pull downward on your head, but allow the weight of your arms to apply gentle downward pressure on your head and stretch the back of your neck. Hold for 30 seconds. Repeat 3 times or more. Stand or sit up straight. Keeping your nose facing straight ahead, bring your right ear to your right shoulder.  Rest your right hand on the side of your head and allow the weight of your arm to gently pull, stretching the left side of your neck. Again, do not actively pull on your head – just let the weight of your arm apply gentle traction.  If your shoulders slump forward, bend your left elbow and place your left arm behind your back with your palm facing outward (when your head is tilting to the right). Do this for 30 seconds on each side, repeating 3 times. Your sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is that strong, thin muscle that stretches from right behind your ear down to about the middle of your throat (it connects to the end of your collarbone close to your midline), creating the little V-shaped divot at the front of your throat.  You should be able to feel this strong band of muscle. Find it and gently massage it by pinching and rolling it lightly between your fingers. Go up and down the length of the muscle.  Don’t push too deep into your neck where you might hit other tender places. The massaging motion is...

Summary in Russian:

Расслабьте затылочные мышцы с помощью массажного мячика. Регулярно растягивайте заднюю сторону шеи. Растяните боковые стороны шеи. Расслабьте грудино-ключично-сосцевидную мышцу, которая расположена впереди шеи. Разомните грудные мышцы. Проконсультируйтесь со специалистом.


Article in English: The small sensors in camera phones cannot run at high ISO speeds (i.e. high sensitivity to light, permitting indoor photos without a flash) without introducing large amounts of noise. In most circumstances, this precludes indoor photos other than in the best-lit places.  If you have to shoot indoors, consider what artificial lighting sources you have. Avoid fluorescent light, as it can cast a green tint on your subjects.   Make sure you camera is stable in low light. Camera phones slow the shutter speed in low light, and this can capture any movement you make and blur your photo. This will either force the camera to under-expose the rest of the shot, or cause the camera to blow out the highlights on the brightest parts of the shot. The latter is worse, since it is sometimes possible to extract details from parts of the image that are too dark, but impossible to recover blown highlights (since there is no detail therein to extract). On the other hand, this can be used to artistic ends, such as with bright light streaming through a window.  People pictures will look best in diffuse lighting such as open shade, under a cloudy sky, or in bright artificial light.  Try to include bright colors, which will show up well, rather than a range of light and dark areas (which will both lose detail). Due to their very short focal lengths (the distance between a camera's optical elements and the sensor, again, owing to their small sensors), camera phones excel at shots where nearly all of a scene is in focus. However, this (and their typically weak auto-focus mechanisms) usually precludes focusing on objects very close to the phone, or having a very shallow depth of field to get a blurred background effect (which can, with varying degrees of authenticity, be faked in software later anyway). Mirrors also often end up confusing auto-focus mechanisms. Get outside and get someone to take the photo for you. If you'd rather take the picture yourself, most camera phones have an auto-timer feature so you can set the phone somewhere...

Summary in Russian:

Не фотографируйте при плохом освещении, по крайней мере, если вы хотите, чтобы объект был освещен равномерно. Избегайте ярких бликов и других высветленных пятен. Избегайте кадров, требующих точной фокусировки. Избегайте фотографий перед зеркалом и селфи, сделанных с вытянутой руки. Выберите крупный и заметный объект. Наконец, сделайте снимок. Сохраните фотографию на телефоне, при желании скопируйте ее на компьютер для редактирования и покажите своим друзьям!


Article in English: The smaller the glass, the less you pour. Therefore, having smaller glasses can help curb your alcohol consumption. Try to drink in moderation. For women, that means one drink a day. For men, that means two drinks a day until age 65, then you should switch to a single drink a day. Some people use alcohol to slow down after a day's work. Instead, try finding other ways to wash away the day. For instance, consider doing some exercise, like taking a walk around the park. Another alternative is meditation or deep breathing techniques. Yet another option is spending time with your family and friends or going and doing something you enjoy. Give yourself at least one alcohol-free day a week. Even skipping one day can help you lower your overall intake. Once you skip a single day a week, try moving towards two days a week. This also gives your body the time it needs to repair any damage caused by the alcohol. For instance, if you only have one bottle of your favorite alcohol on hand, when it's finished, it takes much more of an effort to go to the store and buy another bottle than if you were to just grab your back-up bottle from the pantry. This can help limit how much you consume. Similarly, try buying other non-alcoholic drinks that you like and have them on hand instead.

Summary in Russian:

Заведите более мелкие бокалы. Выпивайте около одной порции в день. Найдите другие способы расслабляться. Сделайте разгрузочный день. Не держите дома большое количество спиртных напитков.


Article in English: The smell of cigarette smoke is a scent that lingers and is hard to get rid of. If your teenager has been smoking, it is almost guaranteed that you will be able to smell it on their clothes or in their hair (especially if they have longer hair). Note: Sometimes teenagers try to cover up the smell of smoke by overcompensating with cologne or body spray. You will still be able to smell the smoke, but it might be partially masked by the perfume. Kids will often try to air out or vent their room by leaving the window open after smoking in their room. It might be normal for your child to want their window open, but pay special attention if they insist on doing it even when the weather is unpleasant (too hot, too cold, rainy, etc.). Teenage smokers are less experienced and have worse hand-eye coordination than adults. So, they are more prone to accidentally burning things if they start smoking. Watch out for burn marks on the carpet in their room or on their clothing. Also look for burn marks in their car, as many teens think they can mask the smell of the smoke more effectively in their car then in their room. It may be hard to notice these tiny objects, but if your teenager has recently started carrying around or purchasing lighters and/or matches, this may be a sign that they are smoking. They may claim that they only want it for lighting candles, but notice the frequency with which they use the matches or lighter to determine if you think they are smoking or not. Teenage smokers can be very persuasive, so other teenagers often succumb to existing peer pressure to smoke. Teens with friends who smoke are much more likely to start smoking than those without smoker friends. Smokers can be very conscious of the fact that smoking makes their breath smell distinctively like cigarettes. So they often try to counteract this effect by chewing gum or using mouthwash after smoking. If your child appears to be worrying to an extreme about how their breath smells, they might be trying to hide the fact that they are smoking...

Summary in Russian:

Понаблюдайте, не пахнет ли одежда (или волосы) ребенка дымом. Понаблюдайте, не оставляет ли ребенок открытыми окна в спальне. Обратите внимание на дырки в ковре, в машине или на одежде. Обратите внимание, не носит ли ваш ребенок спички или зажигалку в рюкзаке / кошельке. Понаблюдайте, с кем общается ваш ребенок. Обратите внимание на то, насколько часто подросток использует средство для полоскания рта или жует жвачку. Посмотрите на то, как ваш ребенок тратит деньги.


Article in English: The smell of onions can actually stay on your breath for a few days after eating them. Luckily, there are certain foods you can eat after having onions to get rid of onion breath. For fresh breath after an onion dish, try eating or drinking:  Kiwi Fresh parsley Raw mushrooms Eggplant Raw apples Lemon juice Green tea Onion smell even gets into your hair, and this can be difficult to remove sometimes. When your hair does smell like onions, or other cooking smells, get rid of the odor by:  Mix ⅛ cup (29 ml) of shampoo with a teaspoon (5 g) of baking soda and a tablespoon (5 ml) of lemon juice. Wash your hair with the mixture, lathering thoroughly and rubbing the mixture into your scalp as well. Rinse your hair with clean water.

Summary in Russian:

Поешьте пищу, которая способна устранить запах лука. Чтобы избавиться от запаха лука, помойте волосы пищевой содой и соком лимона.


Article in English: The smell of smoke will give you away, and your parents will catch you. You might be able to mask the odor with air-fresheners, but this is only a temporary fix, and the smell will linger. Also, smoking in the vicinity of your parents is going to increase the chance of them catching you.  If someone else in the household smokes, then smoking in the house is less risky. There is still the danger that your parents will see you smoking or find your cigarettes. Don’t keep your cigarettes or other smoking supplies in the house; your parents may discover them. Hide them outside or give them to a friend to hold. Have a fan pointed out the window to blow the smoke out of the house. Use activated charcoal, available at hardware or pet stores, to absorb any smell of smoke that remains within the house. Air-filters will also help to prevent the smoky odor from spreading through the house. Burning a citronella or other scented candle may mask the smell, but your parents might also be suspicious that you are trying to hide an odor, especially if you don’t normally burn candles.  Make sure you collect the ashes and then dispose of them, preferably down the toilet or in a trash can away from your house. Use a mug or other ash tray to catch the ashes to keep them from falling to the floor or getting on your clothes. Make sure to sweep or vacuum up any errant ashes that do get on the floor or furniture. Smoking too close to home will raise the risk that your parents will see you. Also, there is a chance that one of your neighbors will see you smoking, and they may inform your parents. Schools are usually drug-free zones, which means the penalty for smoking is greater than in other places. Also, if a teacher catches you smoking, your parents will almost certainly be informed. Even if you are nowhere near your house, smoking in public, particularly if you are under 18, is not a good idea. There is the chance that someone you know will see you, and your parents will find out. If you have a friend who is allowed to smoke, go to...

Summary in Russian:

Не курите в доме. Если вы решили курить дома, делайте это рядом с открытым окном. Не курите у себя на районе. Никогда не курите на школьной площадке. Выберите какое-нибудь уединенное место для курения.


Article in English: The smoking technique can be used on any type of meat, but it's usually best for tough cuts that need a long, slow cooking time. The slow cooking process breaks down the fat and connective tissue so that the meat becomes extremely tender. You also want to choose meat that will taste good with a smoky flavor. Here are a few types of meat that taste great smoked:    Beef ribs,  brisket, corned beef   Ham, pork crown roast, pork spare ribs   Turkey and chicken drumsticks   Salmon, trout, lobster, tilapia It's common to use a brine, marinade or rub to add moisture and/or flavor to meat before smoking. Of course, the smoke itself will impart a huge amount of flavor, so it's not absolutely necessary to use one of these preparation methods - however, it can add an element of depth and ensure that your meat comes out as juicy as possible.    Brining is often used to treat ham and poultry before smoking. If you plant to brine your meat, mix up a brine recipe and soak your meat in the brine overnight or for at least 8 hours. Keep the meat in the refrigerator while it brines. Be sure to remove the meat from the refrigerator and bring it to room temperature before you begin the cooking process.   Marinating is often used to treat brisket and other beef cuts before smoking. Use the same technique to marinate the meat. You can score the meat in a few places to help the marinade soak in. Drain the meat and bring it to room temperature before you cook it.   Rubs are commonly used to treat ribs before smoking. Rubs are usually made with a combination of salt and spices. The rub is applied all over the meat and left to rest for a few minutes before cooking. This is an important step to take before you begin smoking any type of meat. It will ensure that the meat cooks evenly and reaches the right internal temperature by the end of the cooking process. Depending on how large your cut of meat is, set it out on the counter 1/2 hour to 2 hours before you begin smoking it.

Summary in Russian:

Выберите мясо для копчения. Засолите мясо при помощи маринада или натрите специями. Подогрейте мясо до комнатной температуры.


Article in English: The snack bar may contain different components depending on when it is going to be consumed. The ingredients of a bar made for breakfast would typically differ from a bar made for post workout consumption. That doesn’t mean you can’t eat your snack bar anytime of the day; it just helps you supplement your diet with what is nutritionally required when you only have time for a meal replacement.  For a breakfast bar, you should aim to include protein, carbohydrates, fruit or veggies and some good fat into it. The bar should be large enough that when eaten with a glass of milk, you feel satiated. One and a half to 2.5 oz. (42 to 70 g) is a good starting point for the size of the bar. For a post workout bar, you should aim to have protein and carbohydrates. The bar should contain 12 to 18 g of protein and 50 to 75 g of carbohydrate per serving. For a general snack bar, you should aim for a bar that will satiate you until the next meal without filling you with empty calories. A breakfast bar or a post workout bar will work just fine as a snack. Whole grains and protein will help satiate you and won’t leave you feeling sluggish. It is important to keep the amount of fat down and the sugars to a minimum to avoid getting sleepy or crashing. The snack bar can be made into a soft, chewy bar that is more dense (consistency of a brownie), it can be very grainy and hard (consistency of granola cereal bar), or it can be grainy and chewy (chewy cereal bar).  For a soft, chewy bar you should use whole grain flours. Some good flours to choose from are whole wheat, whole white wheat, multi-grain, oat flour, and rye flour. These work well with savory as well as sweet bars and will add in extra fiber and vitamins. The whole grain flours also help manage blood glucose levels because the whole grains are less starchy and digest slower, keeping glucose levels in the blood steady. Since whole grain flours absorb more water (not just immediately, but also after they have been baked), it’s important to add more water to your recipe...

Summary in Russian:

Определитесь с тем, когда будете употреблять батончик. Выберите зерно. Выберите свое связующее. Выберите свой подсластитель. Определитесь с начинкой. Определитесь со специями.


Article in English: The snake braid will work best with clean, healthy, and moisturized hair that’s completely dry. In the shower or bath, wash your hair with a mild cleanser to remove dirt, oil, and styling products.  Condition your hair with your favorite conditioner, and after you rinse it out, towel dry your hair and let it air dry. If you're in a rush and need to blow dry your hair, apply a heat-protecting product beforehand. Like a regular braid, you can make a snake braid from a section of hair anywhere on your head, and you can also make it any size. If you're going to be creating a specific style with the braid, use that to guide you regarding where and how large to make the braid. To practice a basic snake braid, part your hair normally. On one side of your part, grab a small to medium section of hair from the center of your head, and use this to make your braid. To make a snake braid, you first make a regular braid. Comb the section with a wide-toothed comb to remove knots, and then divide the section of hair into three equal parts. To make a basic braid, hold the left section of hair in your left hand, hold the middle section of hair with the thumb and index finger of your right hand, and hold the right section of hair with the remaining fingers on your right hand.  Twist the right and middle sections of hair so the right section comes over top and becomes the middle section. Then, twist the left and middle sections so the left section comes over top and becomes the middle. As you weave the hair, be sure to shift the sections back and forth between your hands as they alternate between being the left, middle, and right sections.  Continue alternating the twists with the right–middle and left–middle sections so that the three sections become woven into one another. Stop when you reach the end of the sections and only have about one inch of unbraided hair left.

Summary in Russian:

Начинайте работать на чистых сухих волосах. Выберите место расположения своей косы. Поделите волосы на пряди. Заплетите классическую косу.


Article in English: The sockets are color-coded to match the cable (Green, Blue, Red, White, Red) and are typically grouped and labeled. Look for the "Output" or "Out" group. The Green, Blue, and Red sockets (Video) may be separated from the Red and White pair (Audio), so make sure all five cords are plugged in.  You will notice that a component cable has two Red plugs, which can make things confusing. To figure out which is which, lay the cable out flat so that all of the prongs line up. The order of colors should be Green, Blue, Red (video), White, Red (audio). Some component cables only have the Green, Blue, and Red video plugs. You will need a separate Red and White plug audio cable in order to hear your DVDs, like the one found in the A/V section above. Like on the DVD player, these will be color-coded to match the cable and grouped into Input groups. Look for the "Input" or "In" group. They are typically numbered to indicate which Input you select on the TV. Match the colored plugs on the cable to the colored sockets on both the DVD player and TV. Insert a DVD so that you can test both the picture and the audio. Sometimes labeled "input," this button allows you to switch where your TV gets the video and sound information. The input you choose on the TV should match the input you used for the cables. If there is not a label or you don't know what input to use, leave the DVD player on and test each input for 5-10 seconds to see where the video appears If you are only getting video or only getting audio, or you aren't getting any signal at all, your cable may be plugged in incorrectly.  If the video is not showing up, make sure that the Green, Blue, and Red video cables are plugged into the correct Input on the TV and the correct Output on the DVD player. If the audio is not coming through, ensure that the Red and White cables are plugged into the correct Input on the TV and the correct Output on the DVD player. Double check that the Red cables are plugged into the correct sockets. If they are in the wrong ones, both the...

Summary in Russian:

Подключите все пять штекеров на одном конце кабеля к соответствующему разъему в DVD-плеере. Подключите другой конец кабеля к соответствующему разъему в телевизоре. Убедитесь в надежности подключения кабеля. Включите DVD-плеер и телевизор. Переключите телевизор на получение сигнала с соответствующего разъема. Убедитесь в правильности подключения компонентного кабеля.


Article in English: The sockets are color-coded to match the cable (Red, White, and Yellow). Look for the "Output" or "Out" group. The Red and White sockets (Audio) may be separated from the Yellow one (Video). The set of sockets are typically grouped together with a border or line indicating the included sockets. Like on the DVD player, these will be color-coded to match the cable and grouped into input groups. Look for the "Input" or "In" designation. A/V inputs are typically numbered to indicate which input you will need to select on the TV.  The input sockets are usually grouped together, and are often marked by a border or a line separating the group from the other Inputs. The Red and White sockets (Audio) may be separated from the Yellow one (Video). The labels should indicate which socket goes with which Input. Match the colored plugs on the cable to the colored sockets on both the DVD player and TV. The Yellow video plug may be a separate cable from the Red and White audio cable. Insert a DVD so that you can test both the picture and the audio. Sometimes labeled "input," this button allows you to switch where your TV gets the video and sound information. The input you choose on the TV should match the input you used for the cables. If there is not a label or you don't know what input to use, leave the DVD player on and test each input for 5-10 seconds to see where the video appears If you are only getting video or only getting audio, or you aren't getting any signal at all, your cable may be plugged in incorrectly. Check to make sure that each colored plug is attached to the correctly colored socket.  If the video is not showing up, ensure that the Yellow plug is connected to the correct Input on the TV and Output on the DVD player. If the audio is not coming through, ensure that the Red and White cables are plugged into the correct Input on the TV and the correct Output on the DVD player.

Summary in Russian:

Подключите один конец кабеля к разъему A/V в DVD-плеере. Подключите другой конец кабеля к соответствующему разъему в телевизоре. Убедитесь в надежности подключения кабеля. Включите DVD-плеер и телевизор. Переключите телевизор на получение сигнала с соответствующего разъема. Убедитесь в правильности подключения A/V кабеля.


Article in English: The socks can be old or even mismatching, but they need to be clean and without any holes. Gently shake the socks to help get the baking soda all the way down to the toe area. You can also use a rubber band as well. Try to tie the socks off right above the bulge caused by the baking soda. The baking soda will absorb all of those nasty odors from your shoe, but the socks will help keep them clean. You won't have to worry about getting baking soda everywhere. You can also leave them there for much longer—up to 24 or 48 hours. During this time, the baking soda will absorb any bad odors. Keep in mind that the baking soda will eventually lose its deodorizing power. This is because it will have absorbed all of the odors in your shoes. You can expect the baking soda to last 1 to 2 months, however. Once the baking soda has lost its deodorizing power, you will need to dump the old baking soda out, and refill the sock with fresh baking soda.

Summary in Russian:

Найдите два ненужных носка. Добавьте в каждый носок 1–2 столовые ложки пищевой соды. Перевяжите концы носков веревкой или лентой. Поместите освежители внутрь обуви в район носка. Оставьте носки в обуви до утра. Извлеките освежители и носите обувь.


Article in English: The softer a guava is, the sweeter and more delicious it will be. Keep in mind that because guavas are best when extremely soft, they are also extremely perishable. Once you purchase or pick your guavas, you should have about two days before they go bad, depending on how ripe the fruit is when you purchase it. In order to tell if a guava is ripe, squeeze it gently. If it gives under your fingers, its ripe.    You want to try to select guavas that are blemish-free. Blemishes or bruises can mean the fruit is bad or will not taste good. Ripe guavas are those that have gone from bright green to a softer yellowish-green color. If you see a touch of pink on the fruit, it is in its prime. If you don't find any that are yellow, you can always buy green guava and wait for them to ripen. A perfectly ripe guava is one that you can smell without even putting it to your nose. It should smell sweet and slightly musky. If you have eaten a guava before, look for guavas that smell like they taste.

Summary in Russian:

Ищите самую мягкую гуаву, которую только можно найти. Посмотрите, нет ли на гуаве каких-либо пятен. Проверьте цвет гуавы. Прежде, чем выбрать, понюхайте гуаву.


Article in English: The soil should be moist and rich to provide the right environment for the gardenia. This will give the gardenia's roots plenty of room to spread out. Remove the pot or any burlap or other substance from the gardenia plant's roots and place it in the hole you dug. Loosen the plant's roots or gently work them apart if it is root bound. Refill the hole with the soil you took out. Water the gardenia well to settle the soil. Use wood chips or pine straw to cover the area around the base of the gardenia. This will protect the roots from cool temperatures and prevent water loss in warm weather. Gardenias need regular water all summer long - at least an inch of rain or water per week. During times of heavy rainfall, there's no need to water. Monitor the soil and water the gardenia whenever the soil looks a little dry. Avoid wetting the leaves when you water the gardenia. Water close to the roots so that the sun doesn't burn the plant. To keep the gardenia looking its best, use an acid-loving fertilizer, blood meal, coffee grounds, spent tea, compost, there are many effective options. At the same time, be careful not to over fertilize. Prune it once in early spring to shape the bush and get it ready for the growing season. After the flowers have finished blooming, prune the gardenia once more to remove dead flowers and branches. Gardenias are prone to getting infested with several different types of insects, especially white flies, scales and mealy bugs. If you see signs of infestation, use a horticultural oil or insecticidal soap to take care of the problem.

Summary in Russian:

Полейте место, где вы собираетесь посадить гардению. Выкопайте ямку так глубоко, чтобы вместился корневой клубок гардении. Посадите растение. Накройте землю вокруг гардении мульчей. Поливайте растение каждые несколько дней после начального периода укоренения. Удобряйте растение два раза в год. Обрежьте гардению. Контролируйте вредителей сада.


Article in English: The soil should never be allowed to dry out completely. Not enough water and overwatering can cause the leaves to turn yellow and drop from the plant. If the leaves begin to turn yellow, water the plant less often if the soil is still wet or more often if the soil appears dry between waterings. This way, any water splashed on the leaves will be dry before evening. Cold tap water will chill your plant's roots and stress your plants, causing it to drop its leaves. Wet leaves and cooler nighttime temperatures also provide a breeding ground for leaf spot. If your plant develops brown or black spots on its leaves, snip the damaged leaves off at the base and throw them away. Use water-soluble houseplant fertilizer diluted to half-strength. The half-strength dilution rate for most water-soluble fertilizers is about ½ teaspoon per gallon of water but it could be slightly higher or lower. Check the label for the manufacturer's recommended dilution rate and reduce the amount by half.  Aim for a balanced houseplant fertilizer with a ratio of 8-8-8 or 10-10-10. Too little fertilizer will cause the prayer plant to grow slowly or not at all. Too much fertilizer will burn the roots and cause the leaves to develop dry brown edges. When given the correct amount of fertilizer, prayer plants will have healthy green stems and leaves and grow vigorously. Use a peat-based potting mix with a pH of 5.5 to 6.0 or mix two parts sphagnum peat moss, one part loamy soil, and one part perlite or coarse sand together.  Stir all of the ingredients together until they are thoroughly mixed. Sphagnum peat moss, loamy soil, perlite, and coarse sand can be purchased at local garden centers. Purchase only clean, pre-packaged materials that have been commercially processed and are free of insects and weed seeds. When the container for the plant becomes full of roots, the potting mix dries out very quickly, causing the prayer plant to grow very slowly. This condition is called pot-bound. The new container for your plant should be only 1 to 2 inches...

Summary in Russian:

Поливайте маранту, когда верхний слой почвы в горшке только начинает подсыхать. Поливайте растение утром мягкой водой комнатной температуры. Подкармливайте маранту каждые две недели с ранней весны и до осени. Самостоятельно сделайте почвосмесь для вашего растения. Пересаживайте маранту только весной или в летний период, если используемый горшок стал уже тесен для растения. Извлеките растение из горшка и разделите его на части. Обрезайте растения 2–3 раза в год, чтобы стимулировать их рост.


Article in English: The sole saver is the flat piece on the bottom of the shoe. Keep the sole savers in place when you want your shoes to operate like regular shoes, but when you're ready to roll, pop them out. You should hear a click when heels are popped in all the way. You may want to stomp down on each wheel just to be safe. Look for a somewhat sloping, smooth area, but not too steep. A sidewalk, hallway or road works well. Avoid streets with car traffic or areas with lots of cracks, stones or other obstacles on the ground.

Summary in Russian:

Используйте свои Heely, высунув колесики. Треск в своих колесиках. Найдите хорошее место для практики.


Article in English: The solute is the substance that you’re mixing in to form your solution. If you’re given the mass of the solute in your problem, write it down and be sure to label it with the correct units. If you need to find the mass of the solute, then weigh it on a lab scale and record the measurement. If the solute you’re using is a liquid, then you can also calculate the mass using the density formula, where density D = m/V, where m is the mass of the liquid and V is the volume. To find the mass, multiply the density of the liquid by the volume. The total volume of the solution is the amount of solvent plus the amount of solute added to it. If you’re finding the volume in a lab, mix the solution in a graduated cylinder or beaker and look at the measurement. Measure the volume from the curve at the top of the solution, or the meniscus, to get the most accurate reading. Record the volume of the solution.  If you aren’t measuring the volume yourself, you may need to convert the mass of the solute into volume using the density formula. For example, if you’re finding the concentration of 3.45 grams of salt in 2 liters of water, you would find the volume of salt using the density formula. Look up the density of salt either in a textbook or online and solve the formula for m. In this case, the density of salt is 2.16 g/mL. The formula would read 2.16 g/mL = (3.45 g)/V. Multiply each side by V to get V(2.16 g/mL) = 3.45 g. Then divide the each side by 2.16 to find the volume, or V = (3.45 g)/(2.16 g/mL) = 1.60 mL. Add the volume of the solute to the volume of your solvent, ma. So in this example, 2 L + 1.6 mL = 2,000 mL + 1.6 mL = 2,001.6 mL. You can either leave the measurement in milliliters or convert it back to liters to get 2.002 L. Write out the equation C = m/V, where m is the mass of the solute and V is the total volume of the solution. Plug in the values you found for the mass and volume, and divide them to find the concentration of your solution. Don’t forget to label to label your answer with the correct units.  In...

Summary in Russian:

Найдите массу растворенного вещества. Запишите общий объем раствора. Поделите массу растворенного вещества на общий объем раствора.


Article in English: The solution should soak into the leather and help bring up any stains or dirt that is embedded in the material.

Summary in Russian:

Подождите пять минут.


Article in English: The sooner that you get in contact with an insurance agent, the sooner your claim can be processed. Your protection will depend on your coverage, and your insurance agent will be able to get the process started. List all of your damaged property before beginning the cleanup process. Include pictures and video evidence if possible.  Let your claims adjuster know when you are disposing of health hazards, such as contaminated food. It can still be claimed, so they need to know about it. Ask about keeping samples. Sometimes you will need to keep samples of damaged property, such as a piece of rug, for claim purposes. During the cleanup process, keep receipts for all of your supplies and any services that you hire. Even motel bills for nights you can't stay in the house count.

Summary in Russian:

Позвоните вашему страховому агенту. Составьте список. Сохраняйте все квитанции об оплате.


Article in English: The sooner you can catch the infection the better, as that way you can start medical treatment and hygienic prevention measures at home as soon as possible. Common signs and symptoms include:  Itching and irritation around the anus Potential signs of irritation or infection on the skin around the anus (particularly in children, who are more likely to scratch there which can lead to an infection from broken skin) Difficulty sleeping (due to anal itchiness) Irritability (from itchiness and poor sleep) Sometimes vaginal itchiness or irritation in girls (as on rare occasions the female worm can enter the vagina rather than the anus). " If you suspect you or someone in your household may have threadworms, contact your doctor as soon as possible. As previously mentioned, rapid diagnosis and treatment is key to getting rid of the infection as soon as possible. For a tape test, the doctor will ask you to take a piece of cellophane tape and press the stick-side against the skin surrounding the anus. Remove the tape and put it in a plastic bag and give it to your doctor, who will check under the microscope for the presence of eggs. Eggs can only be visualized under the microscope. A test positive for eggs is diagnostic for a threadworm infection.  Do the tape test first thing in the morning, before showering or using the toilet. Make sure you wear gloves and wash your hands thoroughly to avoid spreading the eggs. Don't let the tape touch anything, either! It is key to understand that if you are in the same household as someone diagnosed with threadworms, you will be advised to take the medication (and to practice the hygienic measures) without needing to be formally diagnosed with threadworms. This is because your risk is high enough, so it is better to be safe than sorry and the benefits of treatment far outweigh the risks.

Summary in Russian:

Распознайте симптомы заражения глистами. Возьмите пробу с анального отверстия (с помощью клейкой ленты). Начните лечение, если вы живете в одном доме с зараженным глистами человеком.


Article in English: The sooner you can formulate a moving plan, and start packing and moving your boxes, the better. Trying to pack your entire household in a day or two isn’t advisable and sure to cause much undue stress. If you have a plan for moving, it will not only make the process go more quickly, but it will help you remain calm.  Setting goals for each day is a good idea. For example, you could pack the living room on Monday, the bathroom on Tuesday, and the bedroom on Wednesday.  Having other organizational structures will support your plan. For example, designate white trash bags for items you’re taking on the move, and black trash bags for trash. This will keep you from throwing away what you need or digging to figure out what you’ve packed in these bags. Having an assortment of moving supplies on hand, from different sized boxes to packing tape, will keep you from having to make unnecessary trips to the store for materials.  Essential supplies for moving are: a variety of small, medium and large packing boxes; packing tape; permanent markers for identifying box contents; box labels or colored tape for coding the contents of your boxes; packing material such as bubble wrap or newspaper; and furniture pads.  Sandwich bags are an excellent option for packing small parts.  Plastic wrap such as Glad Press n’ Seal will allow you to seal clothing in drawers so that you don’t have to pack them in a separate box.  Renting a dolly from a moving company such as UHaul will help you move large furniture and stacks of multiple boxes quickly. Companies such as PODS offer transportable storage units. The company will drop off the pod, pick it up when you’re ready, and then deliver it to your new home. This method allows you to move boxes as you pack them and give you access for more than a day, which is a disadvantage of a moving van or truck. Getting rid of anything you don’t want or need in your new home will also help you move more quickly. Goodwill or other charities such as the Salvation Army will pick up any items you would...

Summary in Russian:

Начните как можно раньше. Составьте план. Соберите все необходимое для переезда. Аренда контейнера. Выбросьте или пожертвуйте лишние и ненужные вещи. Выберите место или определенную комнату для упаковки вещей. Сфотографируйте электротехнику. Попросите помощи у семьи и друзей. Соберите самое необходимое на первые несколько дней. Собирайте комнаты поочередно. Сложите однотипные вещи вместе. Пометьте коробки цветами или ярлыками. Сложите коробки в грузовик или контейнер. Сфотографируйте пустое помещение. Рассмотрите транспортную компанию только для перевозки.


Article in English: The sooner you can treat a blemish, the more likely it can be removed. Sprinkle a thin layer of salt on the dirtied area. Blot the area lightly with soda water, dish soap, and a clean, white cloth. If possible, rinse the fabric from the reverse side of the stain.  Avoid using too much pressure or a scrubbing motion when spot cleaning. This can entrench the blemish deeper into the fabric. Spot cleaning will cut down on the wear and tear of machine washing and drying, preserving the condition of your jeans for longer. Only wash your white jeans with other white clothing. If your jeans are lightly dirty, use a cold cycle. Jeans that need a more thorough cleaning will benefit from a warm cycle. Avoid fabric softener and bleach. Wash the jeans in a white brightening detergent.  Bleach can cause some jeans to yellow. Additionally, this harsh cleaner may cause your jeans to deteriorate more quickly. To best protect against yellowing, after washing your jeans in detergent, run them through another rinse cycle. High heat can also cause your white jeans to yellow. When machine drying white jeans, only use a low heat cycle. Air dry your jeans to avoid the damaging heat of a dryer. Hanging jeans in sunlight can also have a lightening effect on blemishes.

Summary in Russian:

Удалите пятна с джинсов. Постирайте джинсы в стиральной машине. Высушите джинсы при низкой температуре или развесьте их сушиться на воздухе.


Article in English: The sooner you choose a date, the sooner you can get started with planning other elements of the party.  Consult with the person whose birthday it is to determine a good day for the party. Check their schedule and take note of any holidays around that time. Keep in mind that many people travel for different holidays. It is advisable to host the party on a weekend. More people will be willing and able to come if it is on a weekend, because many people do not have to work on the weekends. Appropriate times will vary based on who the party is for and the age of that person.  If you are throwing a birthday party for a child, host it in the late morning or early afternoon. This is most convenient for families. If you are throwing a party for an adult, then an evening party is appropriate. Parties can easily consume a great deal of money, so it is important to come up with a budget and stick to it.  Come up with an overall budget, meaning a total amount that you want to spend on the birthday party. Most people believe that a budget up to £200-300 is reasonable, and many feel keeping party costs under £150 is completely doable.  Break down each element of the party (e.g. invitations, food, drink, decorations, venue) and decide how much should be spent in each area. There are a few reasons for doing this.  A guest list will help you ensure that no one is forgotten when sending out invitations. It will aid you in deciding where to hold the party. A guest list of 12 people means you could host the party in someone's home, if you wanted to do so, but a guest list of 50 people will likely need to be held somewhere else. This will eliminate the risk of people the birthday person does not want attending showing up to the party. Having a number of guests in mind enables you to determine how much food and drink will need to be provided, if you are doing that yourself or having it catered. This involves knowing the individual for whom the party is being thrown.  Take into consideration what the birthday person wants. If...

Summary in Russian:

Выберите дату для торжества. Выберите время для приема гостей. Определитесь с бюджетом для торжества. Составьте список приглашенных. Подберите место, где вы будете отмечать день рождения.


Article in English: The sooner you introduce your baby to the breast, the better your chances of having the baby accept and effectively breastfeed. It will also immediately prompt your body to begin the process of producing milk. Having your baby nearby encourages the stimulation of important maternal hormones that promote milk production.  If you give birth in a hospital, request that the staff either allow your baby to remain in your room or be brought in every 1 to 2 hours–even overnight–for feeding. Do not allow hospital staff to supplement your breastfeeding with sugar water or infant formula unless the baby has a medical need for additional calories, suffers from a feeding problem, or you are temporarily physically unable to attempt to breastfeed. Do not offer pacifiers and instruct medical staff at the hospital that you do not want the baby offered pacifiers or bottles. The more frequently you bring the baby to your breast to try to feed, the more your body will receive signals to produce milk and the more accustomed your baby will become to sucking effectively, which encourages the production and let-down of milk.

Summary in Russian:

Постарайтесь приложить ребенка к груди сразу после родов. Постарайтесь, чтобы малыш был с вами в одной палате, или чтобы его регулярно приносили на кормление. Предлагайте малышу грудь каждый раз, когда он хочет есть.


Article in English: The sooner you recognize the signs of an attack, the better chance you have of controlling it. Panic attacks can come on suddenly through “triggers,” but have clear patterns.  People who get panic attacks usually feel a sense of fear, danger, doom, or loss of control. You may feel detached – that is, like things around you aren’t real. How do you feel right before an attack? This can tip you off: rapid heart rate, sweating, shaking, trouble breathing, and even chills or dizziness. For many people, panic disorder comes along with other fears, like being in closed spaces (called “claustrophobia”). You might get an attack from fear of a closed space, reliving a scary event, or seeing a certain person. These can be “triggers.” Your first reaction is to flee. But in most cases, it’s better to stay where you are until the attack passes.  Unless it is unsafe, stay put while the attack occurs. If you’re in a car, try to have the driver pull over and stop. Trying to run from your triggers can lead to what’s called “phobic avoidance,” which can be really harmful. People who have lots of attacks often get something called “agoraphobia.” Doctors used to think this was a fear of public places. But we now know it occurs when people avoid being in public from fear of an attack or being embarrassed. Instead of running, remind yourself that your fear will pass. Focus on a non-threatening or visible object, for example, like items in a shop window or the moving hands on a clock until you feel the panic subside.  If you can, recite something in your head like a favorite poem, a mantra, or the times-tables. This will distract you from what triggered the attack in the first place. You can also try to imagine something calm, like a place or situation that makes you peaceful, relaxed, and positive. It could be your grandma’s house or by the seaside. Try to focus on your breathing, as well. You’ll take short and shallow breaths in a panic, which can actually make your feelings of anxiety worse. Slow your breaths; breathe deeply. ...

Summary in Russian:

Изучите признаки панической атаки. Не двигайтесь. Сосредоточьтесь на чем-то другом. Замедлите дыхание. Переборите страх, но не пытайтесь противиться атаке.


Article in English: The sooner you start fighting the stain, the better your chances will be of getting it out. If you have wet paint on your clothes, take them off right away and attempt to wash the paint out. If you can't take your clothes off, try washing the stain out with them still on. This is better than waiting to deal with the stain and allowing the paint to dry. Many fabric paints are set by heat, which means they do not fully harden until they are heated, usually by an iron. To avoid setting the paint while you are trying to remove it, do not apply heat of any kind to your clothing until the stain is 100% removed.  Do not use hot water when washing your clothes. Do not put them in the dryer or use a hair dryer to dry the area you washed unless you're sure the stain is really gone. If your fabric paint does not set with heat, you may use hot water when rinsing the stain out, but be sure to read the bottle thoroughly to make sure. If you got a large amount of paint on your clothing and not all of it has absorbed into the fabric, remove as much of it as you can before you start washing it. This will help prevent the paint from spreading to clean sections of the fabric.  To remove paint from the surface of the fabric, try blotting it up with a paper towel or gently scraping it off with a putty knife. Try not to rub the paint into the fabric as you do this. Once you've gotten as much paint off of the surface of the fabric as possible, bring your garment to the sink and run the stained area under water until the water runs clear. It's best to do this from the clean side of the fabric in order to avoid accidentally rubbing the paint into your clothing.  Remember to use cold water to avoid setting the stain. Always read the care instructions before you start washing your fabric. If tag on your garment says that dry cleaning is required, do not attempt to wash out the stain. Once the stain has been thoroughly flushed, apply some detergent to the affected area and scrub. For the best results, use one part detergent and one part...

Summary in Russian:

Приступайте к делу немедленно. Не допускайте воздействия тепла. Соберите невпитавшуюся краску. Промойте пятно. Постирайте вручную с порошком. Постирайте в машинке. Профессиональная чистка.


Article in English: The sooner your doctor diagnoses shingles, the better. (Sorry, self-diagnosis is not recommended.) Patients who start a course of drug treatment within three days of symptoms see better results than patients who wait longer than three days to start treatment. Most treatments for shingles are not very elaborate. They involve treating the symptoms of the rash while managing the patient's pain. Your doctor may ask you to try the following:  An antiviral medicine, like acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), famciclovir (Famvir), in order to dull the pain of the rash and make it last shorter Over-the-counter NSAIDS such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or acetaminophen to manage pain Certain topical antibiotics to prevent infection and spread of any rash or blisters Your doctor may diagnose postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). In order to treat this chronic condition that 15 out of every 100 shingles patients experiences, you doctor may give you:  Antidepressants (PHN is often associated with depression, as certain daily activities become painful and/or difficult to do). Topical anesthetics, including benzocaine (available OTC) and lidocaine patches (available by prescription only). Anticonvulsants, as some studies show that these drugs may help with chronic nerve pain. Opoids, such as codeine, to help reduce chronic pain. Although you should never let shingles go untreated, there are a number of things you can do at home to combine with doctor's orders. These include:  Don't cover or itch the rash or blisters too much. Let the rash and blisters breathe, even as they scab over. If the pain keeps you from sleeping, it's acceptable to wrap the rash in a sports bandage.  Icing the shingles for 10 minutes, with 5-minute breaks in between, for several hours. Afterward, dissolve some aluminum acetate (Domeboro) in water and apply using a moist compress to the rash. Have your pharmacist mix a salve. Ask your pharmacist to mix together 78% calamine lotion with 20% rubbing alcohol, 1% phenol, and 1% menthol. Apply this salve to your...

Summary in Russian:

Срочно обратитесь к врачу. Поговорите с врачом о лечении сыпи и снятии боли. Если вы испытываете хроническую боль после того, как лишай прошел, обратитесь к врачу за повторным диагнозом. Используйте домашние средства наряду с медикаментозным лечением. Следите, не ухудшается ли ваше состояние.


Article in English: The sour smell of the vinegar will only last 10 to 15 minutes before it starts to eliminate the odors. Leave the bowls for 6 to 12 hours for best results. Fill a saucepan with 1 part water and 1 part vinegar. Place orange and lemon peels in the water to create a more pleasant scent. Simmer the mixture for 1 to 2 hours. Turn off the stove and allow the pot to sit overnight. Dispose of the mixture in the morning.

Summary in Russian:

Если ваша кухня заполнена запахами пищи, разместите на ней 3 чашки с уксусом. В случае резких запахов разогрейте уксус на кухонной плите.


Article in English: The southern shagbark grows in limestone soils. Its leaflets are jagged-edged and come to sharp points, and grow 5 to a rachis. Shagbark twigs are thick and brown, and the bark is scaly and raised at the edges, giving it a shaggy appearance. The fruit of the shagbark, which grows to between 1.2 inches (3 cm) and 2 inches (5 cm) long, is oval and round, and is covered in a thick, dark husk. The shagbark nut meat is sweet. This species grows in moist forest, also called steam banks. The leaflets, which grow 9 to a rachis, are broad and smooth around the edges. The bitternut hickory fruit grows to be between 0.8 inch (2 cm) and 1.6 inches (4 cm) long, and is enclosed in a thin, dark brown husk. The kernel is bitter, as the plant's name suggests. Bitternut twigs are slender and green, and have distinctive yellow buds. The bark of a bitternut is light grayish-brown, and does not split deeply enough to flake. Pignut hickory trees grow on broad ridges. Their leaves consist of 5 sharply pointed, serrated edged, dark green and shiny leaflets on a short rachis. The thin pignut husk is light brown, and the round fruit, which grows to be about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long by 0.8 inch (2 cm) wide, is a similar light brown. Twigs are slender and a dark purple to a light green. The bark of a pignut is deeply recessed and scaly, but does not flake at the plate edges. The shellbark grows in wet, bottomland forests. Its leaflets are waxy and medium green, and come at least 9 to a rachis. At between 1.8 inches (4.5 cm) and 2.6 inches (6.5 cm) long and 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) wide, the fruit of the kingnut is the largest of the hickory species, and is enclosed by a thick, dark brown husk. The kingnut produces a sweet kernel. The twigs are thick, with round bulbs. The bark of the kingnut forms long, narrow vertical scales, which peel off from the top and bottom. The red hickory grows on slopes and forest ridges. Its leaflets are green and red, slender and tapered, and grow 5 or more to a rachis. The edges of the red hickory leaflets are...

Summary in Russian:

Распознаем южное яйцевиднолистное  гикори (кария северо-каролинская). Распознаем горькое гикори (кария сердцевидная). Распознаем  земляной каштан гикори (кария голая). Распознаем большое косматое гикори (кария бахромчатая). Распознаем красное гикори (кария овальная). IРаспознаем дерево простое яйцевиднолистное гикори (кария яйцевидная). Гикори песчаное (бледная кария). Распознаем Гикори войлочное (кария белая).


Article in English: The speaker spent relatively little time on credentials or bragging. The speaker just said who he is and where he is from. "My name is  Peter Gibbons, I work at Initech as a manager in the IT department." Then quickly moved to into telling the audience why they are there. This is similar to the style found in the Teaching Seminar section. The speaker made an effort to engage the audience,"I am sure you are all familiar with". This is also similar to the style found in the Teaching Seminar section. The speaker told the audience quickly why the seminar is worth listening to. This was done by presenting a shared problem to be solved, "trying to balance productivity with employee morale" and promising a solution with his product, "Today I am going to share with you a new cover sheet system that can improve both productivity and morale." Setting up a problem you promise to solve is a method unique to the Persuasive Seminar style. Now that you have decided  you are giving a Persuasive Seminar and identified your goals, it is time to craft your own introduction. You can use the above example as an outline when writing your own. Of course you will have to customize it for your own unique background, qualifications and goals. Remember in your Persuasive Seminar self-introduction to emphasize your shared experiences and be sure to tell them early what problems you can solve for them. Once written, rehearse your introduction for friends or colleagues. Enlist their honest feedback before the big day. Rewrite and re-rehearse your introduction as needed based on feedback.

Summary in Russian:

Отметьте важные моменты в приведенном примере: Напишите свое вступление. Потренируйтесь.


Article in English: The spindle will run over the mouth of the well, and can support a small bucket to make your wishing well look more like a real one. You may use a strong, 1" (25 mm) thick dowel, but since these are difficult to find, consider using a length of 1 x 1 (25 x 25 mm) lumber instead. Cut this to a length that can extend across the full outer diameter of the well, plus at least an additional 6 inches (15 cm).  The spindle will need to fit through holes in the roof supports. If you are building an extra-small wishing well, you may need to use a smaller spindle. You'll need a similar piece about 6 inches (15 cm) long for the handle, so save the scraps from cutting. Drill holes large enough to fit the spindle. Choose a location high up on the roof support, but below the roof, and measure from the well edge to make sure the two holes are at the same height. Push the spindle through the holes. Using the scraps of lumber from this project, cut out two washers a bit larger than the spindle. For most wells, square or round washers 1.5" (38 mm) across (and any thickness) will work. Drill a hole 1" (25 mm) in diameter through each washer. Push a washer onto each end of the spindle, until it is flat against the frame. Use wood glue to attach the washers and frame. Cut a rectangle of lumber about 2" x 3" (5 x 7.5 cm), and drill two 1" (25 mm) holes into it. Place one hole onto the spindle and attach it using wood glue. Cut a piece of dowel or lumber about 6 inches (15 cm) long, using the same size of lumber you used for the spindle. Stick this handle through the remaining hole on the rectangle, and attach with wood glue. You can now turn the spindle by rotating this handle. Select a mug, cup, or small bucket that you don't mind exposing to an outdoor environment. Tie a short length of rope onto the handle, and tie the other end onto the spindle. Use a strong glue to fasten the rope permanently to the spindle, allowing you to raise or lower the bucket. A tightly made barrel wit a bottom can hold water, but keep in mind that...

Summary in Russian:

Сделайте ворот. Просуньте ворот сквозь подпорки. Закрепите ворот самодельными шайбами. Сделайте ручку. Привяжите чашку к вороту. Налейте воды (не обязательно).


Article in English: The spinet piano is the smallest type of piano commonly seen in homes. Manufactured from the 1930s on through the end of the 20th century, a spinet piano's compact size is achieved by clever engineering of the key mechanisms inside. Spinet pianos are not very tall, topping out at about 3 feet (0.9 m) in height, and they are generally 58 inches (147.3 cm) long, the same as other types of upright piano. Despite their relatively small size, they usually weigh at least 300 pounds, making the job of moving them a team effort not to be undertaken lightly. Have a clear route from start to finish in mind before you begin to move the piano, and communicate it to everyone who is helping you move.  Using a tape measure, ensure that the spinet will fit through every door or opening you plan to move it through.  If the piano is being moved out of the house to a moving truck, have the truck open and any moving ramps deployed in advance of the move, and plan to move the piano before any other, lighter furniture so that there is plenty of room for your team to maneuver it into place. For safety reasons, one person per 100 pounds is recommended for this and all upright piano moves. This may work out to more people than are strictly needed, but extra personnel can help in other ways (such as opening doors), and can step in should somebody start to get worn out. Lock down the spinet's lid and the keyboard lid, if there is one. Wrap the piano in thick blankets or special moving blankets and use packing tape to secure the blankets around the piano. This will prevent scuffing on the finish and corners. A spinet's low profile makes for a relatively easy move. Using as much help as you deem necessary, have each person lift up a different part of the piano at the same time. Be sure that everyone is lifting from firmly underneath the body of the piano. In small, measured steps, walk the piano to its destination. Never move the piano more than a few feet without stopping to reset your grip.

Summary in Russian:

Спинет – это самое маленькое пианино, которое часто можно встретить у кого-то дома. Распланируйте ваш маршрут. Подготовьте пианино. Перевезите пианино.


Article in English: The spiral end of the extractor goes into the hole. You can tap it with a hammer to make sure it’s in there, but don’t force it. The loose end should have a tap handle, which looks like a T, for you to hold onto. Twist the extractor counterclockwise until you can’t turn it anymore. Grip the top of the extractor with a wrench. Continue to twist it counterclockwise until the screw pops free. Many extractors are designed to work with drills. Attach the free end of the extractor to the drill and turn on the drill to turn the screw counterclockwise. It’ll come out without much resistance.  When using the extractor with a drill, make sure the drill is set to rotate in reverse! If the screw is stuck, rigorously twist the extractor in both directions to break it loose. If you have a propane or butane torch, lightly heat the screw for a minute or two. This can only be done if you’re working with non-flammable materials such as metal. Try the screw extractor again. The heat expands the metal, making it easier to pull out. Regular pliers may work, but clamping pliers keep a better grip on the screw. Twist the screw and try to pull it out. Heat also helps here in making the screw easier to pull out.  You might also be able to drill further into the screw to weaken or break it. Be careful to avoid damaging the material around the screw. Screw-extracting pliers can be purchased at your local hardware store and are meant for removing screws.

Summary in Russian:

Вставьте спиральный конец вывертки в просверленное отверстие. Поверните экстрактор с помощью гаечного ключа или дрели. Нагрейте винт, если тот застрянет. Вытяните винт плоскогубцами.


Article in English: The spool pin is a piece on your sewing machine that holds the thread while you wind the bobbin. It will be a cylindrical piece that fits the hole in the spool of thread. The spool pin is commonly located on the top or side of the machine. The spool pin should fit through the center of your thread.  If it has a spool cap, place that on top of the thread to hold it in place. If your machine’s spool pin is on top of the machine, it may not have a spool cap. Your machine will have a small metal piece that will convey the thread as it’s wound around the bobbin. This piece should be near the thread guide and will look like a tiny knob.

Summary in Russian:

Найдите штырек для катушки. Установите катушку на штырек. Найдите дисковый натяжитель нити.


Article in English: The spray will make it easier to release the cakes from the cups when they're baked. You can also use molds or ramekins, for a fancier touch. You may even want to lightly dust the insides of the molds with white sugar. You won't be needing the cups for serving, so it doesn't matter if they don't look incredibly fancy. You can use a bit of butter instead of the baking spray if you choose. You can line the sheet with aluminum to catch any stray bits of chocolate that might drip onto it. Place the butter and chocolate in a large bowl and heat it up on high until the butter is completely melted. You can use semisweet chocolate, bittersweet chocolate, or even a mixture of the two, for a unique flavor. However, it's best to either use semisweet on its own or use a half and half mixture. Once the butter is melted, just whisk the mixture until the chocolate is melted, too. You can also melt the butter and chocolate in a double-boiler over simmering water instead. A medium-sized saucepan will also do the trick.

Summary in Russian:

Разогрейте духовку до 425 º F (220 º C). Сбрызните четыре чашечки для выпекания спреем для выпечки. Положите чашечки на противень. Растопите масло и шоколад в микроволновке за 1 минуту.


Article in English: The squares need to be about 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) larger than the base of your bottle. Use a ruler to make the squares even. If you are a child making this project, ask an adult to help you with this step. If you need to, trim the dowels down. If you can't find any dowels, glue three wooden skewers together; this counts as one dowel. You will need 12 skewers total. You can use acrylic paint or spray paint. They can all be one color, or even different colors. Make sure that you paint the edges of your cardboard squares as well. Cover the bottom of your sand timer with glue, and press it into the middle of the first cardboard square. Cover the top of your sand timer with glue, and press the other cardboard square on top. You can use any type of thick glue for this: school glue, wood glue, hot glue, or epoxy. Place a drop of glue on the bottom of the first dowel. Press the dowel into the corner of the bottom square. Place a drop of glue on top of the dowel, and slide it under the top square. Make sure that the dowel is as straight as possible. Repeat this step for the other three dowels. You can leave your sand timer plain, or you can decorate it further. Here are some ideas to get you started:  Wrap some ribbon around the dowels. Cover the edges of the cardboard squares with glitter glue. Draw designs on the top and bottom cardboard square using glitter glue. Let the glue dry before you do the other side. Glue one some plastic rhinestones or jewels along the dowels. Add on some glow-in-the-dark star stickers on the top and bottom cardboard squares.

Summary in Russian:

Начертите на листе картона два больших квадрата. Вырежьте квадраты из картона с помощью ножниц или ножа для резки. Найдите четыре деревянных стержня такой же высоты, что и ваши песочные часы. Покрасьте картон и стержни и подождите, пока краска высохнет. Приклейте по одному картонному квадрату ко дну каждой бутылки и подождите, пока клей высохнет. Закрепите деревянные стержни между картонными квадратами. Украсьте свои песочные часы.


Article in English: The staff is the set of 5 parallel lines on the page where notes are marked. The clef is the very first marking on the staff, at the left-hand side of the first staff line. This signifies the musical register in which you play. Violins only play in treble clef. This is the marking that resembles an &. Each note is a round circle on a line or in a space on the staff. The notes in the spaces, from bottom to top, are F, A, C and E. The notes on the lines, from bottom to top, are E, G, B, D, and F.  Notes below or above the staff are marked with a round circle and a horizontal line going through the middle of the note. If there are flats (b) or sharps (#), these may be marked next to a note. They may also be marked next to the treble clef. For example, if a sharp is placed on the F line, this means that every F played in a given musical piece will be played as an F#. An open string means that it is not pressed with a finger when it's played. There are four open string notes on a violin: G, D, A and E. These strings are in order from thickest to thinnest string, or left to right when holding the violin in playing position. On sheet music, these notes are often marked with a 0. In order to play more notes than just G, D, A and E, you will need to press strings with your fingers. The fingers on your left hand are numbered 1 to 4. Your index finger is 1, your middle finger is 2, your ring finger is 3 and your pinky finger is 4. When a note is displayed on beginning violin sheet music, it will be accompanied by a number, 0 to 4. The 0 is an open note, while the other numbers correspond to a particular finger that will press a string. The notes on each string will ascend in tone as you place another finger down on the string.  Start by drawing your bow across the D string without pressing it down. This will play a D note. Place your index finger on the D string and play. You are now playing the next note up on the D scale, or C#. Play the next three notes on the D scale by placing your middle, then ring, then pinky...

Summary in Russian:

Найдите нотный стан и ключ. Выучите ноты. Выучите ноты, которые находятся на открытых струнах. Пронумеруйте ваши пальцы. Выучите аппликатуру для струн. Перемещайте вашу руку вверх и вниз по грифу скрипки, когда указаны римские цифры. Играйте двойные ноты, когда изображены две ноты вертикально.


Article in English: The stakes should be about 1 yard (91 cm) apart. You can use any star for this, although you’ll probably want to pick one of the brighter stars.  Earth’s rotation from west to east causes the stars in the sky, as a whole, to rotate from east to west. Which way the star has moved with respect to its original position where you sighted it tells you which direction you’re facing.  If the star rose, you’re facing east. If the star sank, you’re facing west. If the star moved to the left, you’re facing north. If the star moved to the right, you’re facing south.

Summary in Russian:

Воткните в землю два колышка. Выберите любую звезду, которую видно на ночном небе. Выровняйте звезду с верхушками обоих колышков. Подождите, пока звезда выйдет из выровненного положения с колышками.


Article in English: The standard Battleship game set comes with two boxes, one for each player. Each box opens to reveal two grids, one on each inside surface. If your game set does not include two boxes, plenty of red and white pegs, and at least six ship pieces, it will be difficult to use. Try playing on graph paper instead, as described below, or finding an online version of the game. Ships come in various lengths, taking up a different number of squares on the grid. The two players should have identical collections of ships.  The following is the typical list, but if you don't have all the pieces, just make sure both sides are even:  A single ship five squares long (the aircraft carrier) A single ship four squares long (the battleship) Two ships three squares long (the cruiser and the submarine) A single ship two squares long (the destroyer) With the boxes open, and the players seated across from each other, each player puts his ships down on the lower grid in front of him. Follow these rules to determine where to put your ships:  Ships can be placed horizontally or vertically, but not diagonally. You must place all five ships on the grid. Every ship must be completely on the grid. No ship can hang off the edge of the board. Ships cannot overlap each other. Once your ships are placed and the game has begun, you are not allowed to move your ships again. If the two players don't agree who should go first right away, flip a coin or decide in some other randomized way. If you are playing multiple games in a row, consider letting the player who lost the last game go first in the next one.

Summary in Russian:

Каждый игрок получает по чемоданчику. Проверьте наличие всех кораблей. Игроки должны тайно расставить свои корабли. Определите, кто будет начинать.


Article in English: The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out your data is. It gives you information on how similar each data point is within your sample, which helps you determine if the data is significant. At first glance, the equation may seem a bit complicated, but these steps will walk you through the process of the calculation. The formula is s = √∑((xi – µ)2/(N – 1)).  s is the standard deviation. ∑ indicates that you will sum all of the sample values collected. xi represents each individual value from your data. µ is the average (or mean) of your data for each group. N is the total sample number. To calculate the standard deviation, first you must take the average of the samples in the individual groups. The average is designated with the Greek letter mu or µ. To do this, simply add each sample together and then divide by the total number of samples.  For example, to find the average grade of the group that read the material before class, let’s look at some data. For simplicity, we will use a dataset of 5 points: 90, 91, 85, 83, and 94. Add all the samples together: 90 + 91 + 85 + 83 + 94 = 443. Divide the sum by the sample number, N = 5: 443/5 = 88.6. The average grade for this group is 88.6. The next part of the calculation involves the (xi – µ) portion of the equation. You will subtract each sample from the average just calculated. For our example you will end up with five subtractions.  (90 – 88.6), (91- 88.6), (85 – 88.6), (83 – 88.6), and (94 – 88.6). The calculated numbers are now 1.4, 2.4, -3.6, -5.6, and 5.4. Each of the new numbers you have just calculated will now be squared. This step will also take care of any negative signs. If you have a negative sign after this step or at the end of your calculation, you may have forgotten this step.  In our example, we are now working with 1.96, 5.76, 12.96, 31.36, and 29.16. Summing these squares together yields: 1.96 + 5.76 + 12.96 + 31.36 + 29.16 = 81.2. The formula divides by N – 1 because it is correcting for the fact that you haven’t counted an entire...

Summary in Russian:

Запишите формулу для стандартного отклонения. Найдите среднее значение в каждой группе. Вычтите из среднего каждое полученное значение. Возведите в квадрат каждую полученную величину и сложите их вместе. Поделите на объем выборки минус 1. Извлеките квадратный корень.


Article in English: The standard equation for absorbance is A = ɛ x l x c, where A is the amount of light absorbed by the sample for a given wavelength, ɛ is the molar absorptivity, l is the distance that the light travels through the solution, and c is the concentration of the absorbing species per unit volume.  Absorbance can also be calculated using the ratio between the intensity of a reference sample and the unknown sample. It is given by the equation A = log10(Io/I).  Intensity is obtained using a spectrophotometer. The absorbance of a solution will change based on the wavelength that is passed through the solution. Some wavelengths will be absorbed more than others depending upon the makeup of the solution. Remember to state which wavelength is being used for your calculation. Using algebra we can divide absorbance by the length and the concentration to get molar absorptivity on one side of the equation: ɛ = A/lc. We can now use this basic equation to calculate molar absorptivity for a given wavelength. Absorbance between readings can vary due to the concentration of the solution and the shape of the container used to measure intensity. Molar absorptivity compensates for these variations. A spectrophotometer is a piece of equipment that passes a specific wavelength of light through a substance and detects the amount of light that comes out. Some of the light will be absorbed by the solution and the remaining light that passes through can be used to calculate the absorbance of that solution.  Prepare a solution of known concentration, c, for analysis. Units for concentration are molar or moles/liter.  To find l, measure the length of the cuvette, the piece that holds the liquid samples in the spectrophotometer. Units for path length are measured in centimeters. Using a spectrophotometer, obtain a measurement for absorbance, A, at a given wavelength. The unit for wavelength is meters, but most wavelengths are so small, they are actually measured in nanometers (nm). Absorbance has no units. Using the values you obtained for...

Summary in Russian:

Ознакомьтесь с законом Бугера-Ламберта-Бера: Преобразуйте закон Бугера-Ламберта-Бера так, чтобы выразить молярный коэффициент поглощения. Измерьте необходимые величины с помощью спектрофотометрии. Подставьте в уравнение численные значения и найдите молярный коэффициент поглощения.