Article in English: Instead of the simple envelope bag, you may decide you want to try your hand at a tote bag. This method has you crochet two pieces and sew them together. This style bag has straps for handles so will be well-suited to use as a purse or shopping bag. The beginning steps of this alternate project are the same as the envelope-style bag. You'll want to make sure that you are comfortable with the basic crochet stitches, have carefully selected your yarn and hook, and have thought about what you want your final project to look like. Once you've done that, you're ready to start crocheting your new bag! You will be creating two pieces and sewing them together. If you do not want a flap for your bag, the front and back pieces will be identical. If you want a flap, however, you'll need to crochet the back piece to be taller. For example, if you want a bag that is 12" tall with a flap, you'll want to make your back piece longer—crocheting to 18" will give you a 6" flap. Counting your stitches carefully, create a chain until you reach the length you'd like the bottom and top width of your bag to be. You will be crocheting either a square or a rectangle, depending upon the shape you want your tote to be. If your chain is particularly long, you may find it helpful to use markers every ten or twenty stitches to help you keep count. Once you've completed your initial chain that is as long as you want the width of your bag to be, you'll need to turn so that you can start the next row on the opposite side. You will need to do this every time you get to the end of a row. To turn your work, simply rotate clockwise halfway so that your last stitch in the current row becomes the first stitch in the new row you are starting. Keep crocheting, turning, and creating new rows until you reach the desired height you are aiming for. Remember that if you want a flap for back, the back piece will need to be longer (taller) than the front piece. Once your front (or back piece, depending on which you are working on) is as tall as you want it...

Summary in Russian:

Повторите шаги 1-5 предыдущего раздела. Решите, нужен ли вашей сумке закрывающий отворот. Наберите цепочку воздушных петель. Переверните вязание и провяжите ряд столбиков без накида (1 сбн в каждую вп начальной цепочки). Продолжайте вязать столбиками без накида. Обрежьте и закрепите нить пряжи. Повторите шаги 3-6, чтобы связать вторую часть сумки. Сшейте вместе заднюю и переднюю части сумки. Сделайте ручку для сумки.


Article in English: Instead of three large meals that can fill your belly and tax your digestive system, eat small, frequent meals or snacks. Eat your meals about two to three hours apart; they'll take up less space in your stomach, cause less expansion, keep your metabolism up and keep you feeling full. Many high fiber foods, such as broccoli, beans, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower, cause gas and bloating.  Eliminate them from your diet during this week.  When the week is over, gradually add them back one at a time.  You might find that some bother your stomach more than others, and you can adjust your diet accordingly to get your fiber and keep your stomach flat. Fight back against gas-producing foods by using Beano, which contains an enzyme that helps to break down complex sugars found in beans and cruciferous vegetables so that they can be digested more easily. While raw vegetables and fruits are great choices for overall health, they cause your stomach to stretch, so it's best to eat them in smaller portions spread throughout the day. If dairy products cause uncomfortable gas and bloating, you may have difficulty digesting lactose, the sugar found in dairy.  Try eating low-lactose foods such as yogurt, consume only small amounts of milk products at one time and eat them with other foods.  You can also buy lactose-free products or take a digestive aid such as Lactaid to help break down the lactose in your digestive tract. Eat high potassium foods including avocado, mini bananas, papaya, mango, cantaloupe and nonfat yogurt (made without artificial sweeteners). Potassium is a natural diuretic, so it will help reduce water retention and puffiness.

Summary in Russian:

Ешьте чаще. Уменьшите потребление продуктов с высоким содержанием клетчатки. Скорректируйте порции фруктов и овощей. Узнайте, есть ли у вас непереносимость лактозы. Выбирайте продукты, богатые калием.


Article in English: Instead of trying to shrink your pores, you could just try to cover them up using concealer, foundation and powder. This is an effective temporary solution which can help you to feel more confident about the appearance of your skin.  Choose a concealer and foundation than perfectly matches your skin tone, as this will help the make-up to appear more natural. Go for mattifying make-up if your skin tends to be oily and moisturizing make-up if your skin tends to be dry. Apply the make-up lightly and evenly using a sponge or brush. Don't cake it on, as this will simply draw more attention to the areas you are trying to conceal. Make sure to wash your brush or sponge frequently, to avoid a build-up of bacteria. Make sure to thoroughly remove make-up at night. Leaving it on will clog your pores, causing them to look worse. Applying a primer under your make-up is a great way to make your skin appear flawless.  A good primer (preferably a silicone-based one) will temporarily fill in your pores, without clogging them. This provides an even surface for your make-up, making your pores almost invisible. Blotting you skin with blotting papers or oil absorbing sheets will remove excess oil from the skin throughout the day, reducing the appearance of pores without over-drying your skin. You can find blotting papers at your local drug store or pharmacy, or online.

Summary in Russian:

Наносите макияж. Используйте основу под макияж. Пользуйтесь салфетками для удаления излишков жира.


Article in English: Instead of using common vegetables, for example carrots or peas, use edamame beans as a substitution. It's a great addition in slow cooker soups as well. If you're planning to have shrimp scampi or a very light pasta dish with seasonal vegetables, sprinkle some beans as a nice crunchy topping.

Summary in Russian:

Добавляйте в рагу и супы. Сочетайте с макаронами или морепродуктами.


Article in English: Instead of using individual pages, just pass the notebook.  A spiral notebook can look like you are sharing notes about the class. It doesn't tempt others to read or intercept it. It's bigger so passing it long distances isn't wise. It's easy to pass to someone sitting close. It doesn't scream "note".

Summary in Russian:

Заведите себе блокнот, особенно если вы передаете записки определенному человеку. Используйте блокнот на пружинках для одного предмета, если вы пишете записки.


Article in English: Instead of using the "black object" method, tell your assistant that the seventh object you point to will always be the right answer. Of course, you can do this for any number, but choosing something higher than five to make it less obvious to your audience. To really impress your audience, let a volunteer point at objects instead. Arrange a signal in advance with your assistant to let them know when the right object was selected. For instance, tap your foot lightly, blink rapidly, or scratch your arm when the volunteer points at the right object.  Suspicious audience members might look at you during the game, so this is a difficult method to pull off. Stand behind the audience members if possible, and make other small motions that aren't part of the code to mislead your audience. An assistant who can distract the audience's attention is even better for pulling off this version of the game. Have them crack jokes, stretch, or pretend to think hard about each question, all while looking for your signal out of the corner of their eye. Come up with a "rule" for which words are "good," but don't let anyone else know the rule. The rule can be "words that end with T are good," "words with two vowels in a row are good," "words with a SH sound are good" – anything you can think of. All other words are "bad." Have your audience say words aloud, then tell them whether each word is good or bad. Your audience members should try to guess just by naming words; ask them not to guess at the rule aloud, so that other people who haven't figured it out yet can keep guessing. Even if you don't believe in actual "psychic" abilities, you might be able to guess when someone is lying or telling the truth through their tone of voice or body language. Pick a close family member or friend, since you are more familiar with talking to them, and watch them closely. Have them say "I'm thinking of __." while looking at you, and try to figure out when they are lying based on their facial expressions, movements, and tone of voice. Most...

Summary in Russian:

Выберите число со своим помощником. Придумайте кодовый жест и пусть кто-то другой задает вопросы. Называйте слова вместо того, чтобы указывать на предметы. Постарайтесь угадать вообще без всякого шифра!


Article in English: Instead of using toothpaste, dip your toothbrush into a sea salt mixture for 3–5 minutes, made by dissolving ½ teaspoon of salt in 1 fluid ounce of water, and brush your teeth with it. The salt temporarily increases the pH balance of your mouth, turning it into an alkaline environment in which germs and bacteria cannot survive.  You may feel that your gums hurt for a little while and this is absolutely normal because the salt is hygroscopic, meaning it attracts water. Salt can also be abrasive so try using this method no more than once a week. A salt water mouth rinse after meals can also help keep your mouth and throat clean while soothing and healing mouth sores. Oil pulling is an Ayurvedic remedy in which you swish oil in your mouth to remove harmful germs and bacteria from your mouth. Vegetable oil contains lipids that absorb toxins and pull them out of saliva, as well as stopping cavity-inducing bacteria from sticking to the walls of your teeth.  Take a spoonful of oil and swish it in your mouth for one minute to gain the benefits. If you can, try to swish the oil longer for 15 to 20 minutes. To make sure the oil absorbs and detoxifies as much bacteria as possible, aim to do this with an empty stomach. Spit out the oil and rinse out your mouth well, preferably with lukewarm water. Buy organic, cold-pressed oil. Sesame oil and olive oil can work. Coconut oil is the most popular because of its taste as well as its richness in natural antioxidants and vitamins, such as Vitamin E. The malic acid in strawberries is a natural emulsifier that helps removes surface stains and plaque. To make your own whitening paste, simply mash two to three strawberries in a cup and add ½ teaspoon of baking soda. Clean your teeth with this paste a few times per week. Since the malic and citric acid in strawberries can erode enamel, use this remedy in conjunction with a fluoride toothpaste. Baking soda help whiten teeth and promote overall oral health. Take a teaspoon of baking soda and mix it in two teaspoons of water to make a...

Summary in Russian:

Смочите зубную щетку раствором морской соли. Попробуйте полоскать рот растительным маслом. Используйте клубничную пасту. Приготовьте пасту из пищевой соды. Попробуйте удалить пятна на зубах с помощью яблочного уксуса. Устраняйте зубной налет с помощью кокосового масла и листьев мяты. Попробуйте использовать перекись водорода. Жуйте жевательную резинку.


Article in English: Instead of waiting around until you feel like taking a shower, talk yourself into making the resolution that you're going to do it no matter what, and stick to it. Be your own coach. Give yourself encouraging advice and offer affirmation by making inspiring and affirming statements. You'll start feeling more capable as soon as you shift your attitude from "I don't want to" to "I can do this."  Most of the time when people have a hard time making themselves do something, it's because they dread the effort or they're “not in the mood.” Understand that there will always be things you don't feel like doing in life that have to be done nonetheless. Saying your own name can make you feel more empowered by allowing you to step outside of yourself momentarily and creating a sense of personal accountability. Put your pride on the line and start looking at overcoming your reluctance to shower as a way to prove yourself. If you can't even bathe yourself, what else won't you be able to do? It may sound silly, but this is an opportunity for personal growth. Show yourself that you can do what you set your mind to and you'll feel more in control of other areas of your life as a result.  Start making a list of daily goals to accomplish and put showering near the top.  You'll gain a little more willpower and self-control every time you shower when you don't feel like it. Once you manage to make yourself shower, do it again the next day at the same time, then the next day, then the next and so on. Don't let yourself skip a day or beat around the bush until it's too late. After a week or so, your inertia will start to disappear and showering will become just another part of your normal routine.  Set a regular bathing schedule for yourself based on your own needs and preferences. Some people might have to shower everyday, whereas others can get by with only a few showers a week, or even once a week. Pick days and times that will make it easier for you to stick to your schedule. When showering becomes a habit, you'll start to...

Summary in Russian:

Проводите с собой мотивирующие беседы. Считайте это вызовом. Сделайте это привычкой.


Article in English: Instead of waiting for others to make decisions, make those decisions yourself. Toss aside your hesitation and be straightforward about your demands and desires, thereby setting the pace of each interaction. Instead of asking permission to do something, state your plans without asking for confirmation. Even if things would end up the same way regardless of whether you made the first move, stating your expectations first will allow you to claim the more powerful position in the interaction. To demand respect, you need to be willing to give it. The other party's time is just as valuable as yours, and you need to demonstrate your understanding of that key fact. Stick to the golden rule: treat others as you would like to be treated. You wouldn't like it if someone was running late to a meeting and didn't warn you in advance, nor would you like it if you did someone a favor and he or she didn't offer so much as a single “thank you.” If someone who demonstrates this sort of behavior would lose your confidence, you'll probably lose someone else's confidence if you act like this. Good communication is absolutely essential if you want to become powerful. Don't put people in the position of having to guess or worry about what will happen. Instead, provide them with all the details you would want to know if your positions were reversed. For instance, if you're researching something for someone and have told him or her that you expect to have an answer by Tuesday afternoon, you need to contact that person by or before Tuesday afternoon. Even if you don't have the answer, you need to drop that person a line and let him or her know that you haven't forgotten and still intend to follow through. Good communication leaves little room for error or misunderstanding. When you explain something, do so in the least confusing way possible. Make sure that all of the important details are ironed out before dropping the matter.  Detailed communication is important if you want to avoid later mishaps and meltdowns. Everyone needs to be...

Summary in Russian:

Устанавливайте ориентиры. Относитесь к людям с профессиональной вежливостью. Не держите людей в неведении. Четко выражайте свои мысли. Предугадывайте потребности и требования. Активно взаимодействуйте с людьми. Учитесь работать с людьми. Заводите необходимые знакомства. Не бойтесь гневаться. Не бойтесь нажить врагов.


Article in English: Instead of wallowing in sadness, insecurity, discomfort, or anxiety, get proactive in solving your problems. Acknowledge how you feel, then get moving on finding a solution. For example, if you have many things to accomplish, you might want to put them off or focus on your anxiety. Instead, write a to-do list and cross off a few items each day so they don’t feel so overwhelming.  It’s okay to feel overwhelmed, anxious, stressed, or depressed. Just don’t dwell on these feelings. Find ways to face your fears and create less resistance to things. If you tend to avoid certain tasks, set a deadline. For example, if you put off paying bills because money makes you anxious, set one day out of every month to pay bills and get it over with. If you tend to expect the worst or anticipate problems in many situations, start coming up with positive things to anticipate. The same goes for memories: if you tend to look back on events and pick out the worst things about them, start coming up with positive counters.  If you’re stressed about a test, the positive will be when it’s over and it won’t stress you any more. If you focus on a negative event, create a positive experience around it, too. For example, if your plane was late and you missed your connection, the positive can be that you were able to find a different flight without any fees. Neuroticism can affect relationships deeply. For example, if you have rigid expectations for your partner or family members, they might feel like they cannot please you or that they have to earn your love. If you have a hard time getting along with others, learn to be flexible and not hold others such very high standards. If someone lets you down, don’t hold it against them forever. Recognize that everyone makes mistakes and be forgiving. Don’t let things like chores ruin your family relationships. If you like chores to be done a certain way, make your expectations known clearly.

Summary in Russian:

Будьте практичны со своими проблемами. Создавайте позитивные альтернативы. Будьте гибким в отношениях.


Article in English: Instead of watching the movie after sunset, turn it on at the beginning of your day. By the time it's time for bed, you'll have a whole day's worth of activities to distract you. As a result, you won't be as scared of the movie.  You are more likely to get scared of a horror movie if you watch it when it's dark outside. This doesn't mean you have to skip the popcorn! Oftentimes scary movies seem worse when you are alone and don't have as many distractions. To avoid this, always watch scary movies with at least 1 other person. The more the merrier! This way, you are less likely to be scared after the movie is over. Discuss the plot, setting, and characters with your friends or family members if you are watching the movie with others. If you are watching the film by yourself, make comments like “How silly” as the movie plays. This way, you offer reassurance to yourself (and others) and break through any tension created from the plot.  Making comments about the movie can help reduce stress and make you feel more relaxed. You can say things like, “Did you see how slow she ran!” or “Nice hairstyle,” with a sarcastic tone. during the scary part of the movie so you don't get spooked. When the music gets intense and you know something scary is coming, laugh or say something funny. Do this even if you don't think the part of the movie is comical. Laughing alleviates the tension, and the scary moments won't seem as traumatic. This also lightens the mood overall, so if you are watching a movie with other people, they will likely relax too. If you see how the movie was made, it often seems less realistic and scary. Most DVDs offer behind-the-scenes features, and you can look up director specials online. The special features usually go in-depth in describing the storyline and detailing the characters, which can make it seem more unrealistic. You can also read movie reviews to help you better understand the movie.

Summary in Russian:

Смотрите фильм утром, чтобы он казался менее страшным. Не смотрите страшные фильмы в одиночку. Говорите сами с собой или с другим человеком во время просмотра, чтобы умерить тревогу. Смейтесь Изучите специальные материалы, чтобы получить больше информации о фильме.


Article in English: Instead of water, drink milk! The fat and oil in dairy products will lessen the burn by dissolving the capsaicin.  Grab a cup of whole milk, and down it all. Make sure you rinse your mouth well first. As another option, you could choose a dairy product like full-fat sour cream or yogurt. Milk works almost like a soap by dissolving the capsaicin and reducing the burning sensation in your mouth. There's a protein found in milk called casein that acts like a detergent against capsaicin. The burning sensation in chili peppers comes from capsaicinoids, which are a family of molecules.  Ice cream can also help. Anything with dairy in it could help ease the burning sensation you’re experiencing. Coconut milk works very well to cut the burn and modulate the heat level of a spicy recipe. Believe it or not, but the heat is not going to go away if you drink water. In fact, it will actually spread the capsaicin around your mouth and make the burning feel worse.  Soda is largely made of water and also won’t work. Drinking coffee will make it worse, because of the heat in the coffee. Capsaicin has oil-like qualities, which is why it repels water.  The burning sensation in your mouth from chili peppers probably won’t last as long as it does on your hands. It’s caused when the capsaicin bonds with the mouth’s pain receptors due to a chemical reaction. The nerve cells notice when the temperature in your mouth gets above 108 degrees Fahrenheit, which capsaicin tricks the neurons into reacting to. Beer won’t work as well because it’s largely water, but some harder alcohols will remove the burning sensation from your mouth.  Take a few sips of vodka. In addition to reducing the burning sensation, it’s likely to make you feel pretty mellow as long as you don’t drink too much! Alcohol will cool the burning sensation you get from touching chili peppers too. Many different types of spirits will work. Always be cautious when drinking. Don't drink too much, don't drink if you're underage, and don't drink and drive. Ingesting olive oil...

Summary in Russian:

Выпейте немного холодного молока. Не пытайтесь избавиться от жгучего вкуса перца с помощью питьевой воды. Глотните некоторое количество содержащего спирт напитка. Используйте масла, чтобы уменьшить жжение. Ешьте крахмал. Попробуйте народные средства.


Article in English: Instead of wearing loose fitting boxers that make an erection visible and obvious, you should consider wearing tighter underwear like briefs or boxer briefs that can hold down your erection and make it less obvious. Avoid wearing soft silk underwear because they can rub against your penis and cause you to have an erection. You can cover up your erection with a book, blanket, laptop, backpack, or anything else that can go on your lap. This will cover up your erection so that no one knows you have one. It's easier to cover your erection when you're sitting down. A long shirt that hangs over your crotch region can help you hide your erection. Buy baggier clothes that hang over your waistband and crotch area so that it can cover up your unwanted erection. When you tie the hoodie or sweater, drape the material over your crotch area. This will conceal your erection to anyone that's looking at you.

Summary in Russian:

Накройте область паха большим предметом. Носите более плотное нижнее белье. Спрячьте эрекцию под длинной рубашкой. Перевяжите куртку или свитер вокруг талии, чтобы скрыть эрекцию.


Article in English: Instead of wetting or steaming the hat, you could try molding it back into shape. You could moisten the towel for good measure. The moisture will help the straw relax even more. Basically, the towel is going to substitute for your head.  Now, put the straw hat on top of the rolled-up towel. Let it sit there for a while to help the straw hat reform into the right shape.  You want to make sure that you roll the towel widely enough and that you put the hat as far into it as you can. The towel method is a good choice if you’re on vacation and don’t have access to other hat-sized objects. You could also stuff the hat with tissue paper or with pieces of crumpled up newspaper. Instead of a towel, you could put a bowl inside the hat or any other round object that will snugly fit inside the hat. This should help it take a head-like shape again.  Weights, clips or strings can also be used to hold down the hat, so that it starts to take its original shape.  You could use any round object for this purpose, but you want to make sure that it fits perfectly inside the hat’s crown or it won’t help. If it’s too big, it could damage the hat or actually make it more misshapen. Any object that is the right shape to fit inside the hat's crown should work. Rest the brim of the hat wrong side up on the edge of an ironing board. Place a damp cloth onto the brim. Set the iron to a fairly hot temperature.  Press the iron around the brim over the damp cloth. Press very gently and quickly and do not let the iron rest on the brim. This is very important or you could burn the straw. Rotate the brim to move it around in its entirety. Iron the tops. The tops require careful treatment depending on their style. Be very careful when using an iron on straw. If you don't put the damp cloth between the iron and straw, you could burn the hat. Take care not to get the hat crushed or squashed again, as the straw is already weakened from the first squash. Each time the hat will become less resilient until the individual straws begin to snap and loosen.

Summary in Russian:

Скатайте полотенце для выправления тульи. Наденьте шляпу на круглый предмет. Прогладьте шляпу утюгом.


Article in English: Instead, just smile and laugh it off. It will make the person wonder what they're doing wrong. " or any other variants such as "That's what she said!" You can use "your mom" jokes to make them be quiet when they are coming up with a comeback to stop them, but they're not creative and people have become used to ignoring them. If you have a point of pride, and they tried to hit it, realize that it is because of their insecurities. If you then talk about how their insult would apply to them more than you, they are removed of this crucial power and you have pointed out that which is evident––they're projecting their insecurities onto you. Find their points of pride and insult them on it. If they come up with a comeback, chuckle a bit then say, "It's a bit too late for sarcasm, but thank you." You must remain grounded in your apparent idea that they were complimenting you, they won't believe it, but it will make it harder for them to insult you effectively.

Summary in Russian:

Не реагируйте. Не ругайтесь и не употребляйте выражения "Твою маму! Если у вас есть гордость, и они пытались по ней ударить, поймите, что это в них говорит неуверенность. Найти свою точку гордости и оскорбляйте их, основываясь на ней.


Article in English: Instruct everyone to close their eyes and bow their heads. Repeat these instructions while looking around, and continue past this point only when the majority of people have done as you have asked.  Providing a certain degree of anonymity can relieve some of the pressure and make it easier for people to act—and to do so genuinely. Admitting that you are a sinner in need of salvation can be a vulnerable experience, and making such an admission in front of a large crowd can be so intimidating that a person might opt to avoid the experience altogether. This is especially true when you are working with teenagers, but it can also apply to groups of adults. On the other hand, if many people respond to the altar call, others may get swept up in the moment and respond without being truly ready for it at heart. Remember: the ultimate goal is to save souls, not to have an impressive-looking altar call. You want people to answer the call, but only if they are doing so for the right reason. State that anyone who is ready to give his or her life to Christ—or anyone who wants to learn more about doing so—should lift his or her head and make eye contact with you. Another option would be to ask those who are ready to raise their hands instead of their heads. Both options are fairly common and typically yield similar results Look around the entire room. Repeat the call at regular intervals. Acknowledge each person with whom you make eye contact. Most of the congregation will consist of people who have already accepted Christ and are not being spiritually prompted to respond to the current altar call. As you repeat the invitation to the altar, ask those who remain in their seats to take the time to reconnect with Christ and to pray for those who are accepting salvation for the first time. When you sense that everyone who is ready to answer the call has looked up, invite those individuals to the altar while instructing the rest of the congregation to continue in prayer with closed eyes and bowed heads. Greet those at the altar...

Summary in Russian:

Попросите всех склонить головы. Скажите тем, кто хочет ответить на призыв, что они должны смотреть вверх. Во время призыва будьте активными. Пригласите тех, кто ответил, к алтарю. Отправляйте каждого человека с советником.


Article in English: Instruct the children to read the whole piece silently or aloud. Some people find it easier to comprehend texts that they read out loud, whereas others find reading silently preferable.  Emphasize thorough reading, tell the children not to skim.     Tell the children to remember their goal of understanding the text thoroughly.    Creating a summary will be easier for the children if they are given a few key parts to keep in mind. Having guidelines for content will allow them to mentally structure their summaries as they are reading and writing. There are a few key aspects to a summary:  The main idea: a primary theme or central focus of the text. Important details: all parts of the text that explain the main idea of the text. Beginning of the summary: refers to the beginning of the text and introduces the theme. Rising action: an important detail that explains what happened or why something happened. Climax: where the story reaches its most interesting point and its biggest twist. End of text: where the text is concluded. Important details of main characters: their names, characteristics, key roles. Setting details: details of where and when the action takes place. Using the text you selected, show the children where the main idea is. When you show them this, explain where it is usually found and why it is important. A good tip is that the main point of the text is usually near the beginning, within the first couple paragraphs. Make sure to run through the text with the children and give examples of the key details that should be included in the summary. Explain why these details are crucial to the main point, and ask them why they chose the details they did. Ask them to share their thought process and explain why they thought certain things were more important than others. In one or two sentences, summarize the text that the children have been working on. Giving an example shows children how summarization works and what will be expected of them. Show them how to connect the main idea and important details in...

Summary in Russian:

Прочтите текст внимательно. Объясните, какого рода информацию должно содержать краткое изложение. Покажите детям основную идею текста. Покажите детям, где находятся важные детали. Сделайте краткое изложение текста, чтобы представить детям пример.


Article in English: Instruments that have been used need to be collected and removed from the area where they were used. Take them to the area where you decontaminate things in your environment, such as a Decontamination Area in a Processing Department. This will help cut down on the chance of the contamination of the personal areas or other surfaces within the work space. The instruments should be covered when they are being moved in covered carts, containers, or plastic bags. Instruments must be cleaned immediately after use and before you attempt to sterilize them — cleaning the instruments is not the same as sterilizing them. Remove inorganic and organic debris from the instruments with a soft plastic scrub brush and medically approved detergent. Scrub each instrument well to remove all residual matter, such as blood or organic tissue. If the instrument is hinged or opens, make sure you clean hinges along with inside and outside surfaces.  After you scrub them, you need to run the instruments under pressured water to make sure any extra material is off. This helps clean areas unable to be reached by brushes, ie tubings.  If instruments are not cleaned beforehand, the process of sterilization, may not be successful and compromise the instrument tray. There are solutions approved for soaking instruments.  Your facility will have them on hand with proper instructions for their use. When not cleaned properly, it may affect the health of the patient. There are automatic washers that you can use, but their use depends on the facility and location of the cleaning process. After cleaning the instruments, place them back in their wire tray to receive a brief autoclaving prior to being sent for repackaging.    Again, cleaning the instruments is not meant to sterilize them. This step just prepares them for sterilization. Sterilization will destroy all microorganisms on the surface of the instrument, preventing infection. Use caution when handling sharp items like scissors, blades, and other sharp implements.  If an instrument is...

Summary in Russian:

Переместите инструменты. Очищайте инструменты сразу после использования. Промойте инструменты водой.


Article in English: Insulin administration using a syringe and needle is still one of the most common methods people use to take their insulin.  Start by making sure you have everything you need, including your insulin syringe and needle, alcohol pads, the insulin, and a sharps container nearby. Remove the insulin vial from the refrigerator about 30 minutes before it is time for your dose to allow the insulin to reach room temperature.  Check the dating on your insulin vial before you proceed. Do not use expired insulin or insulin that has been opened for more than 28 days. Dry them completely with a clean towel.  Be sure your injection site is clean and dry. Clean the area with soap and water if needed before you begin.  Avoid wiping the area with alcohol. If you do wipe the area with alcohol, give the area time to air dry before you administer the dose. Many people use more than one type of insulin. Look carefully at the label to be sure you have the correct product for the scheduled dose.  If the insulin vial is in a container or has a cover, remove it and carefully wipe the bottle with an alcohol wipe. Let the bottle air dry, and do not blow on it.  Inspect the liquid inside. Check for any visible clumps or particles floating inside the vial. Be sure the vial is not cracked or damaged.  Insulins that are clear should not be shaken or rolled. As long as they remain clear they can be given without mixing.  Some types of insulin are naturally cloudy. Cloudy insulins should be gently rolled between your hands to mix them properly. Do not shake the insulin. Know the dose you need to administer. Remove the cap from the needle, taking care not to touch the needle with your fingers or to any surface in order to keep it sterile.  Pull back the plunger of the syringe to the same mark as the amount of insulin you intend to remove from the vial.  Push the needle through the top of the vial, and push the plunger to inject the amount of air you just put in the syringe.  Keeping the needle in the vial and the syringe as straight as...

Summary in Russian:

Возьмите все необходимое. Тщательно вымойте руки с мылом. Проверьте инсулин. Наберите инсулин в шприц. Не набирайте в один шприц несколько видов инсулина. Сделайте инъекцию. Пальцами соберите кожу в складку. Быстрым движением введите дозу инсулина. Поместите иглу и шприц в контейнер для острых предметов.


Article in English: Insulin pumps consist of a small catheter inserted into your skin with a small needle, which is held in place with an adhesive dressing. The catheter is attached to a pump device unit that holds, and delivers your insulin through the catheter. Using pumps have both advantages and disadvantages. Some advantages to using an insulin pump include the following:  Pumps eliminate the need for insulin injections.  Insulin doses are more accurately delivered.  Pumps often improve the longer term management of diabetes as indicated by blood level measurements of your hemoglobin A1c.  Pumps provide constant insulin delivery in some cases which eliminates the swings in your blood glucose levels.  They make it easier to deliver an extra dose when needed.  People that use pumps have fewer hypoglycemic episodes.  Pumps allow more flexibility in when and what you eat, and allow you to exercise without the need to consume extra carbohydrates. According to the American Diabetes Association, even though there are disadvantages to using an insulin pump, most people that use one agree that the positives outweigh the negatives. Some disadvantages to using an insulin pump include the following:  Pumps are reported to cause weight gain.  Serious reactions including diabetic ketoacidosis can occur if the catheter unknowingly becomes dislodged,  Insulin pumps can be expensive.  Some people find it troubling to be connected to the device, which is usually worn on a belt or top of a skirt or pants, practically all the time.  Insulin pumps often require hospitalization for a day or more for the catheter to be inserted, and for you to be properly trained on how to use it. Using an insulin pump alters your daily routines.  Develop a routine to limit the time you turn it off, or take it off. Have back-up pens or insulin vials and syringes available if the pump is not working properly.  Learn to account for extra carbohydrates consumed in order to adjust the dose delivered through your pump.  Keep accurate records of your blood glucose...

Summary in Russian:

Инсулиновая помпа. Узнайте о недостатках инсулиновых помп. Приспособьтесь. Спросите своего врача о безыгольном инжекторе. Инсулиновый ингалятор.


Article in English: Intaglio is Italian for "incising," and correspondingly revolves around a process of applying ink into the grooves or etches or engravings, then using a lot of pressure to transfer that ink from the indents onto the page. This usually results in slightly crisper, more substantial lines that you can learn to identify. The process was developed in the 1500s. Engraving and etching are both styles of intaglio printing, with slightly different techniques and signifiers.   Engraving is typically done on copper plates, using a burin, a v-shaped cutting tool, to remove slivers of metal from the surface of the plate. The shape of engraved lines are typically quite clean, and pointed at each end, where the lines will swell or shrink.  Etching is done using acid to draw freely over wax placed on the copper plating, using a needle. Etched lines will have a blunter end than engraved lines, and you should be able to see signs of the wax in unevenness and crumbling at the edge of the lines. In general, etched lines are less precise. Because lots of pressure is used to transfer the ink, the metal printing plate will leave an impression in the paper on intaglio prints. The corners of these marks should be rounded, since sharped edges would rip the paper, and the edges will often retain traces of ink that wasn't completely wiped off the plate during the printing process. Plate marks are always signifiers of intaglio printing, whether engravings or etchings. If you don't see a plate mark, that isn't necessarily the sign that it isn't an intaglio print. It won't show up on every intaglio if the plate was wiped off completely. Because of the way the printing process works, the strongest and darkest lines should be raised when compared with the surrounding areas, because it will take more pressure and more ink to make the darker line pop out. This is one of the most reliable signifiers of intaglio printing, etched or engraved. In intaglio printing, the lines will have varying levels of intensity in terms of the ink displacement,...

Summary in Russian:

Ознакомьтесь с процессом глубокой печати. Осмотрите следы, оставленные пластиной. Посмотрите, нет ли мест скопления чернил. Сравните различную интенсивность цвета в отдельных линиях. Обратите внимание на форму линий. Ознакомьтесь с другими методами глубокой печати.


Article in English: Intense Pulsed Light (IPL lasers are especially effective at lightening age spots. During the treatment, an intense laser light penetrates the epidermis and causes the skin to rejuvenate. The intensity of the light scatters the skin pigments and destroys the discoloration.  The laser treatment is not painful but may cause minimal discomfort. An anesthetic cream is applied 30 to 45 minutes before the procedure to ease the discomfort. The number of sessions required will depend on the size of the area and number of spots to be treated. Generally, 2 to 3 sessions will be required. Each session can last from 30 to 45 minutes. The treatment requires no downtime, but redness, puffiness, and sensitivity to sunlight may occur. Although laser treatment is extremely effective, its major downside is the cost. Depending on the type of laser used (Q-switched ruby, alexandrite or Fraxel dual laser) and the number of age spots requiring treatment, prices can range from $400 to $1500 per session. Microdermabrasion is a noninvasive skin treatment that uses a wand with air pressure. The wand blasts crystals, zinc or other abrasive materials directly against the skin, exfoliating the top layers to remove the dark, hyperpigmented skin.  Microdermabrasion requires no downtime and there are no side effects. A session can be from 30 minutes to 1 hour, depending on the area being treated. Treatment sessions are given in 2- to 3-week intervals. Typically, 2 to 3 sessions will be required. Prices range can be $75 or more per session. A chemical peel works by dissolving dead skin so the new, radiant skin will surface. During a chemical peel, the area to be treated is thoroughly cleansed and a gel-like acidic substance is applied. The area is then neutralized to stop the chemical process.  Side effects include redness, peeling and sensitivity, which may require downtime. Generally, two treatment sessions are required, which are given in 3- to 4-week intervals. The prices can be $250 or more per session.  One study found that combining a...

Summary in Russian:

Поговорите с врачом-косметологом или дерматологом об удалении пигментных пятен лазером. Попробуйте микродермабразию. Попробуйте химический пилинг.


Article in English: Intensive reading is focused more on individual details of what you’re reading. If you want to practice pronunciation, study grammar, or learn vocabulary, you’ll want to read more slowly and focus more on individual words and sentences. For intensive reading, it’s not always important to worry about what something means in a deep way. Just trying to get a general sense of what the reading is about. As you read, you'll focus more on details like spelling, pronunciation, and the rhythm of sentences. Don’t get too caught up in parts you don’t fully understand. If you can summarize the main point of what you’re reading, then you’re doing ok. This can improve your reading skills because it makes you be involved with the text in two ways: with your eyes, as you look at the words, and with your ears, as you listen to them. Reading out loud is also key if you’re trying to practice pronunciation. When you come to a word you don’t know, try not to reach for the dictionary right away. Instead, try to guess the meaning of the word based on the other words around it (the context).  For example, say you read the following sentence and wanted to know what "pessimist" means: My mother is always happy and optimistic, the total opposite of my brother, the pessimist.  From the sentence, you can gather that "pessimist" means the opposite of happy: being moody and angry. If you come to any words that you can’t figure out, write them down and look up their meaning in a good dictionary. That way, you can study the words later, too. The more you read, the easier it becomes. Practicing for at least 15 to 30 minutes a day, every day, will make a big difference.  Read whatever interests you, if you’re just trying to improve your basic skill. Rereading things you’ve already gone through can build your confidence.

Summary in Russian:

Читайте интенсивно, чтобы практиковать основные аспекты и расширять словарный запас. Обращайте внимание только на общее значение текста. Читайте вслух. Стремитесь угадать значения новых слов. Записывайте новые слова, которые нужно выучить. Читайте как можно чаще.


Article in English: Intentional breathing is a simple activity, but it's one of the most powerful ways to create peace of mind. Emotions and breathing are closely connected. If you slow your breath and learn to breathe evenly and fully, your emotions will calm down as well. Breathing practices have been shown to reduce cortisol, the stress hormone. They also activate the "rest and digest" part of the nervous system, known as the parasympathetic nervous system. Here are steps you can take:  Find a comfortable place to sit. Put one hand on your belly and one on your chest. Breathe in deeply from your belly, so that your stomach extends out but your chest stays in place. Hold this breath for a couple seconds and then breathe out. Repeat this sequence until you find a steady rhythm. Try to do this practice for 10 minutes every day. Regular exercise is one of the best things you can do for your body and mind. You should do 30-60 minutes of aerobic exercise (walking, running, bicycling, swimming, etc) 3-5 times per week for good results. Here are some of the things exercise does:  Lifts your mood by flooding your brain with endorphins and serotonin, which are "happy chemicals" in the brain.  Boosts your energy and reduces fatigue.  Improves sleep, even chronic insomnia.  Reduces your risk for diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Sunlight produces Vitamin D in your body, which also increases your serotonin levels. You can't get the same effect from indoor lighting, so try to spend time outside when you can. Here are some activities you can do:  Play sports. Go for a swim. Pack a picnic. " One of the best ways to experience peace of mind and happiness is to get into a flow state. A flow state is where you are completely involved in an activity without overthinking things. You enter flow states when you are doing things you love and when you are being challenged in a way that's suitable to your abilities. Do what you love to do. This could be anything from playing darts on the weekend to landing your dream job as...

Summary in Russian:

Дышите. Занимайтесь спортом. Получайте достаточно солнечного света. Следуйте «состоянию потока». Будьте щедрым. Взращивайте в себе благодарность. Присоединитесь к сообществу. Выражайте себя.


Article in English: Intentionally leave one of your pieces unprotected, or at least make it appear unprotected, to trick your opponent into making a rash move. Baiting is the one of the most basic strategies in chess, but also one of the most consistently successful. The "Legal Trap," for instance, involves sacrificing one's queen in order to place the opponent's king in checkmate with minor pieces.   Many of the most complex strategies and sequences in chess are sophisticated forms of baiting.  Make sure you’ve played out every possible follow up move in your head before putting one of your pieces at risk. Even if your opponent has more pieces on the board, you can neutralize their advantage by getting your strongest pieces into clear, well-guarded positions. A good example of this type of placement is to set up one of your rooks at the "7th rank" (one row before the end of your opponent's side of the board). From there, the rook is able to keep the enemy king from escaping, all while picking off your opponent's minor pieces and being free to advance or retreat as needed.  The "Blockade" is another fundamental defensive play that relies on cunning placement rather than capture or evasion. Setting up a blockade is as simple as blocking the path of your opponent's pieces so that they can't advance. While the opponent struggles to get around the blockade without losing valuable pieces, you can use your dominant position to lure them into danger, or escape danger yourself.  Superior positioning can discourage your opponent from following through with their plans and force them to play the game you set for them. If you’re careful and don’t leave any obvious openings, you may psyche your opponent out and put them on the defensive.  Controlling the board is often preferable to simply having more pieces. It’s not enough to simply move one piece, with no thought to the consequences it could have multiple turns down the line. Winning strategies require forethought, and are often devised half a dozen moves or more in advance. Do your best...

Summary in Russian:

Оставьте фигуру незащищенной, чтобы заманить соперника. Подавите соперника доминирующей позицией. Думайте на несколько ходов вперед. Следите за всей доской. Будьте терпеливы.


Article in English: Interact with the girl you have a crush on.   Say "hello" when you see her at school and at extracurricular activities. If you never talked to the girl before, just find the courage to simply even smile at her, and maybe later say hello, that will make it pretty clear to her. If you never acknowledge the girl you like, she will never know you have a crush on her. Don't be too shy when you try to talk to her. Confidence is a very attractive quality. Don't stare at her for too long. This will make a lot of girls uneasy and wonder what's wrong with them. When you introduce yourself, keep your body language open and vibrant. Don't slouch, look away or mumble. Keep your initial conversations very casual. Ask her how she is, what she is doing etc. Chances are she spends some time on Facebook or Twitter. Initiate an online or text conversation by saying:  "Hey, how are you?" "What are you up to?" Comment on the photos on her page. If she has a pet, ask her about it. If you see her playing a sport, this is something you can try to drum up a conversation about. Girls like to hear nice things about themselves.  Give her friendly compliments. Don't always comment on her looks. Girls don't want to get attention for their appearance alone. If she is good at something, tell her! To compliment a girl you could always say "I noticed you are a great dancer." or "I like what you said in history class today. I never thought of things in that way." If she is an athlete, compliment her on her last game: "Hey, you were awesome at last weekends soccer game". Don't be afraid to share things about yourself so she can get to know you.  Ask questions about her family, her interests, or her classes at school. During the conversation, make eye contact and affirm that you are listening. Say things like "I think that's great" or "That's really cool. I'd like to know more about that." Become involved in some of the same activities.  Showing an interest in things she likes will allow you to spend more time with your crush. Taking an interest...

Summary in Russian:

Установите зрительный контакт. Пишите ей СМС и отправляйте сообщения в социальных сетях. Комплимент в ее адрес в начале разговора практически гарантирует вам успех. Поговорите с ней во время обеда или после занятий. Узнайте получше девушку, которая вам нравится. Не говорите только о себе!


Article in English: Interactive play sessions in the evening are a great way to get your cat tired before bedtime. Toys that mimic the movements of mice and birds, which cats hunt in the wild, are ideal options. Look for toys that bounce and wiggles, like ping-pong balls, string-based toys, and furry mouse toys. Play until your  cat seems tired or uninterested. Cats hunt in short bursts, so they tire quickly (like sprinters, not marathon runners). They usually tire after 10 to 15 minutes max. However, make sure there's plenty of play spaced over the day. Our pets lives revolve our comings and goings. Oftentimes, cats get bored during the day when their owners are gone. This leads to an excess of neediness later in the day, when you're trying to wind down and get to sleep. Keep your cat entertained while you're at work or school and they'll be less likely to need attention at night.  Provide toys your cat can play with on his own. Small plush mice, especially those laced with catnip, are a great choice. They can be swatted around without a human's assistance. Make sure to rotate toys often as cats, like people, crave variety and will get bored with the same toy after awhile.  DVD's are available for purchase online and at some department stores that are designed specifically for cats. Video CatNip from Pet-A-Vision Inc., for example, includes footage of birds and mice that cats will try to catch when you're not home. Just leave the TV on and make sure it's at the cat's eye level.  Battery operated toys are available at most grocery stores, department stores, and supermarkets. These toys move on their own and can be left on for a few hours while you are at work. However, be sure to read any warning labels. Some battery operated toys recommend cats only use them with supervision. Cats love windows, and enjoy being able to see the outside world. Anything you can do to make your backyard more appealing is great. Installing a bird feeder is a low-cost way to give your cat something to watch while you're at home.  Set up your feeder in...

Summary in Russian:

Выделите время для игр с котом перед сном. Обеспечьте кота источниками развлечений в дневное время. Повесьте перед окном кормушку для птиц.


Article in English: International Chemical Safety Cards provide succinct, detailed safety information. Search for the exact name of the acid you will be using, such as "hydrochloric acid," in the online database. Some acids may require additional safety precautions, besides those described below.  Sometimes several cards are issued, depending on the concentration and additions to the acid. Pick the one that most closely matches your initial acid solution. If you prefer to read them in another language, select one here. Splash safety goggles that cover all sides of the eyes are required when handling acid. Protect your skin and clothing by wearing gloves and a lab coat or apron.  Tie up long hair before handling the acid. Acid can take several hours to burn holes through clothing. Even if you do not notice a spill, a few drops can damage your clothing if it is not underneath a lab coat. Whenever possible, keep the acid solution in a functioning fume hood while you are working. This limits exposure to gaseous vapors produced by the acid, which can be corrosive or poisonous. If a fume hood is not available, open all windows and doors, or turn on a fan to ventilate the area. If acid gets on your eyes or skin, you'll need to flush it with cool, running water for 15–20 minutes. Don't start the dilution until you know where to find the nearest functioning eye wash station or sink. When washing your eyes, keep your eyelids wide open. Rotate your eyes by looking up, right, down, and left to make sure all sides of your eyeball are rinsed. You can purchase an acid spill kit that contains all the necessary materials, or acquire neutralizers and absorbers separately. The process described here can be used for hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, or phosphoric acid, but other acids may require further research to dispose of properly:  Ventilate the area by opening windows and doors, and turning on fume hoods and fans. Apply a weak base such as sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium bicarbonate, or calcium carbonate to the outer edges of the spill,...

Summary in Russian:

Прочитайте инструкции по безопасности в интернете. Наденьте защитные очки, перчатки и халат. Работайте в хорошо проветриваемом помещении. Выясните, где находится источник проточной воды. Знайте, что делать, если прольете кислоту.


Article in English: Internet Explorer and Firefox do not have built-in tools to create PDF files. Instead, you'll need to install a "virtual printer" that will create a PDF file instead of actually printing. CutePDF is one such virtual printer.  Go to cutepdf.com/products/cutepdf/writer.asp and click "Free Download" and "Free Converter". This will download the two programs required to install. This method will only create a PDF from the page you are currently viewing. If you need to save an entire website, including any other linked pages, see Method 4. The installer comes packed with several browser toolbars, so make sure to click Cancel on the first offer and then click the "Skip this and all remaining offers" link that appears. You don't need to select any options or worry about adware for this part; it's all automatic and ad-free. Now that CutePDF is installed, you can do this from any browser. The quickest way to do this is to press Ctrl+P, though you can find it in the File menu or the Firefox menu. In Firefox, you'll need to click the Print... button in the Print Preview window. Click the Print button. After a moment, the CutePDF Save window will appear, allowing you to name the file and choose a location.

Summary in Russian:

Скачайте CutePDF. Запустите программу . Запустите . Откройте страницу, которую нужно конвертировать в PDF-файл. Откройте окно «Print» (Печать). Нажмите на раскрывающееся меню со списком принтеров и выберите «CutePDF Writer». Присвойте имя PDF-файлу и сохраните его.


Article in English: Internet Explorer refers to bookmarks as "favorites," and they can be deleted from anywhere by right-clicking on them and selecting "Delete." You can delete them from the Favorites sidebar or from the Favorites menu bar. This sidebar will display all of your saved bookmarks. There are a few ways to open it:  Click the Star (☆) button and then click the "Favorites" tab. Press Alt+C and click the "Favorites" tab. You can also view your bookmarks using the Favorites manager. This will allow you to easily expand and collapse your various bookmark folders:  Click the "Favorites" menu and select "Organize favorites." If you don't see the "Favorites" menu, press Alt. Click folders once to expand or collapse them. Deleting a folder will delete all of the bookmarks inside. Internet Explorer stores your favorites as files that you can find in Windows Explorer. This can make deleting large numbers of bookmarks much easier.  Open a Windows Explorer windows (⊞ Win+E) and navigate to C:\Users\username\Favorites. All of your Internet Explorer bookmarks will be displayed as files and folders. You can drag bookmark files to the Recycle Bin or right-click on them and select "Delete."

Summary in Russian:

Щелкните правой кнопкой мыши по любой закладке и в меню выберите «Удалить». Откройте боковую панель «Избранное», чтобы просмотреть закладки. Откройте диспетчер закладок, чтобы просмотреть их. Найдите закладки в Проводнике Windows.


Article in English: Interpreting a pulse, especially an apical pulse, is an art.  However, there are many things that one can learn from an apical pulse. These are outlined in the following steps. If the pulse rate is very slow, it could be a normal adaptation for somebody who is in good shape.  Some medicines also make the heart beat slower; this is especially true for elderly patients.  One classic example of this is the class of drugs called beta-blockers (like metoprolol).  These are commonly used to treat high blood pressure, and can slow down the heart rate. A slow heart beat can be either strong or weak. A strong heart beat is a sign of health. If the pulse rate is very fast, it could be normal for someone exercising.  Children also have much higher pulse rates than adults do.  It could also be a sign of: High blood pressure, heart disease, or infection. The apical pulse may be displaced (meaning it is to the left or the right of where it should be). Obese individuals or pregnant women may have their apical pulse shifted to the left, as the heart gets shifted with extra contents in the abdomen.  Heavy smokers with lung disease may have the apical pulse displaced to the right.  This is because with lung disease, the diaphragm is pulled down to get as much air as possible to the lungs, and in this process the heart gets pulled down and to the right. If you suspect a displaced heartbeat, move your stethoscope to the side and check the pulse again. Consider if the heartbeat seems unsteady or as though it's skipping beats. There are many potential causes of an irregular heartbeat, some of which are temporary and not harmful. An irregular heartbeat may be caused by heart disease, high blood pressure, smoking, stress, drug use, caffeine consumption, medications, and medical conditions like diabetes or sleep apnea.

Summary in Russian:

Прослушать и правильно истолковать сердцебиение может быть сложно. Определите, медленное ли сердцебиение или нет. Оцените, не слишком ли пульс быстрый. Учтите, что у пациента может быть смещенное сердцебиение. Обратите внимание на регулярность ритма сердцебиения.


Article in English: Interval tuning will make sure your strings are in tune with each other, but will not tune your bass to the actual pitch. Interval tuning is perfect for solo playing or for situations where you have no other method of tuning. If you are playing with a group and nobody has a tuner, you could interval tune your bass and then have other players tune their instruments to yours. As long as everyone tunes to the same root, the players should sound in tune.

Summary in Russian:

Не используйте интервальную настройку, если играете с другими музыкантами.


Article in English: Intimate moments are a great way to show true love. They require both you, and your lover, to be vulnerable and open. This means that you have to share your deepest thoughts and feelings with one another by talking and listening.  Hold him during hard times, and allow him to vent in your arms about anything. Rub your fingers through your lovers hair as you listen and provide comfort. Even if you do not necessarily agree with something he does, stand by your partner's side. This shows that you love him for who he really is, and you are not going anywhere. Do not put him down for seemingly obscure or odd interests, and always applaud any accomplishments he makes. Even if you advised against something, but your partner did it anyway and now regrets it, don’t say, “I told you so." Instead, be supportive and say, "Everyone makes mistakes. We just have to learn from them and move on." This provides support during tough times. To show that you really love someone, you have to show how much trust you have for him. Remember, in order to receive trust, you have to show it.  Do not doubt stories he tells you, and refrain from snooping through personal belongings he may leave out. Try not to show jealousy. Jealousy can stem from having a lack of trust, and your lover will feel upset by the lack of yours if you act jealous. We all have doubts about our relationships. Verbal communication is a direct way to express how you feel, and confirm your love. Here are some things you can say:  "I am so lucky to have met you. I love you so much." "You are my one and only. I never want to be with anyone else."

Summary in Russian:

Открывайте эмоциональную сторону своей личности. Оказывайте максимальную поддержку. Доверяйте любимым. Декларируйте любовь словами.


Article in English: Into 1 cup (8 oz) of water, mix in just a teaspoon (5 g) of translucent dishwashing liquid. Spray this solution onto the stain generously. Dawn or Joy works very well for this step, though most dish soaps will do. As with both previous methods, do not scrub the stain; that'll just set the stain further into the recesses of the carpet. Dab at it gently, in an up-and-down motion. Just like you did with the detergent, spray on a solution of 1 tablespoon (15 g) of ammonia in 1/2 cup of water. Blot the stain with a different, clean cloth. If you don't have a spray bottle on hand, try to create a makeshift one from an old hairspray bottle or body spray. If not, do it the old fashioned way and drizzle it on. Then what do you do? You got it -- blot with a clean cloth. The stain's virtually gone, huh? Great! Basically, you're giving your carpet a wash after the ammonia-ridden torture it's just been through. Otherwise, you risk damaging your carpet if those chemicals stay put. To get all the ammonia, vinegar, and soap out of the carpet, rinse with clean water, blot it, and leave it to dry. If you come back to it and it's overly stiff, rinse it once more. Run it through your fingers. How does it feel? Not perfect? Haul out the vacuum and go over it a few times -- that oughta do the trick.

Summary in Russian:

Сделайте раствор с моющим средством. Промакните пятно чистой белой тканью. Приготовьте раствор аммиака. Сделайте раствор уксуса и воды в равных частях. Еще раз нанесите раствор моющего средства, чтобы смыть любые остатки. Прополощите чистой водой и дайте высохнуть.


Article in English: Into Google, type "video capturing software wiki." The first search result will be a Wikipedia entry listing the different video capturing software available.  Search the list for different functionalities. Some software will be free; others will cost money. Some software will come with editing capabilities; other's won't. Scan the list and look for software that works best given what you want to do. Some good free video capturing software that you might use includes:   Bandicam Ezvid Jing Screenpresso For this tutorial, we'll assume that you're working with Bandicam, which is free, easy to use, and allows you to record up to 10 minutes of gameplay in a single file. After you download and install Bandicam or a similar program, you'll have the option to play with the settings of the software in order to get the most out of the video you capture. Here are the settings for Bandicam:  General: the General settings tab lets you control where you want your files to save to after they've been recorded. Video: set your hotkeys for record, pause and stop; click the Settings tab here and navigate to Sound in order to turn on audio for your recordings; set your FPS here, as well, to a reasonable number (30 is plenty). Image: lets you take screenshots with a hotkey. Start capturing video. Play your heart out. Experiment with the settings. The more video you record, the better you'll get at knowing what works and what doesn't. If your free video capturing software comes with editing capabilities, you may use that to cut, splice, transition, and tweak your capture. If your video capturing software doesn't come with editing software, you will need to download editing software and use that to edit your video to perfection.

Summary in Russian:

Изучите различные программы для захвата видео. Скачайте программу, которую вы хотите использовать для захвата видео. Экспериментируйте с управлением захвата видео вашей программы. После настройки управления, попробуйте записать своё видео. Редактируйте видео после захвата.


Article in English: Intranasal steroids, such as fluticasone (Flonase) and triamcinolone (Nasacort), which is now available over-the-counter, work by reducing inflammation in the nose. Nasal steroid spray has the benefit of having no major side effects like those caused by many oral decongestants and antihistamines, such as drowsiness and dry mouth. Note, however, that it takes a few days for the steroid to build up to its full effect; this means that you will not experience immediate relief.  If you're using Flonase, the typical dosage is one spray per nostril twice daily. There are also other nasal steroids available with a prescription, such as mometasone Furoate (Nasonex). Potential side effects include indigestion, nausea, and headaches. New guidelines have suggested that intranasal steroids should be the first line of treatment for sinus congestion. Some people find antihistamines useful, particularly in longer-lasting occurrences of sinus infections, because they can ease nasal congestion. Oral antihistamines include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), cetirizine (Zyrtec) and Loratadine (Claritin). Note, however, that some older antihistamines can have serious side effects for the sinuses, including the drying up of the mucous membranes of the nasal tissue and thickening the secretions, and can also cause drowsiness.  Take 25 milligrams of Benadryl every eight hours as needed for congestion. This drug may prove difficult to tolerate due to its side effects of drowsiness and “fogginess." Take 10 mg of Zyrtec once daily. Children older than six years of age may take this as well, in doses of 5-10 mg per day, depending on weight. Consult the instructions. This medication may cause some drowsiness. Take 10 mg of Claritin once daily. Second generation antihistamines such as this one have a much improved side effect profile and are less likely to cause drowsiness.  You could also try a prescription antihistamine nasal spray such as azelastine (Astelin, Astepro) or olopatadine hydrochloride (Patanase). Using an over-the-counter...

Summary in Russian:

Используйте назальный стероидный аэрозоль. Принимайте антигистаминные препараты. Принимайте противозастойные средства.


Article in English: Intrapersonal or internal conflicts are those disputes you have with yourself; in other words, they are "me-conflicts," rather than "we-conflicts," because they don't involve another person.  Internal conflicts can be concerned with your own feelings, thoughts or decisions, but can also be related to someone or something else. For example, maybe you feel jealous of the new promotion your best friend received. You are proud of your friend and want the best for her, but you can’t seem to shake the jealousy. Therefore, the conflict isn’t with your friend, but with your own emotions and so the conflict is squarely your own. Intrapersonal conflicts, although difficult, can also be a powerful motivating force in our lives. It is often what drives us to change and discover new opportunities for growth. Ask yourself what emotions you are feeling and what might be causing you to have these emotional reactions. Consider keeping a journal in order to keep track of what you've been doing and feeling. A journal can be a resource when you feel unsettled with yourself because you can consult it as you try to uncover the reason for your internal conflict. Intrapersonal conflict can range from minor and mundane decisions about whether or not to eat organic lunches to major life decisions, such as quitting smoking, ending a relationship or changing careers. Many conflicts people have with themselves are related to something the psychology world refers to as cognitive dissonance, a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we all have an inner drive to hold our attitudes and beliefs in harmony with our actions to avoid disharmony (or dissonance). For example, let's say you feel sad over a breakup, even thought you yourself did the breaking up. Your emotions thus don't align with your action. Or, to give another example, let's say you smoke even though you know it is bad for your health. Your action of smoking thus doesn't align with what you know about smoking. No...

Summary in Russian:

Поймите характер внутриличностного конфликта. Определите конфликт. Найдите корень конфликта. Признавайте свои чувства. Дайте себе время. Определитесь со своим вариантом. Поговорите с кем-то о своем внутриличностном конфликте.


Article in English: Intravaginal ultrasound is used for visualizing the organs inside your pelvic area. It can be used to diagnose gynecological conditions (such as pelvic pain and unusual bleeding) or visualize the early phases of pregnancy.  During the procedure, your doctor inserts a transducer, which is about the size of a speculum, into your vagina. From there, the transducer emits sound waves that allow your doctor to visualize your internal organs.  Intravaginal ultrasounds are painless but you might feel pressure and discomfort during the procedure. Intravaginal ultrasounds are performed whenever your doctor needs to take a closer look at your reproductive organs, such as the cervix, ovaries, and uterus. Your doctor may also perform an intravaginal ultrasound to monitor your pregnancy and fetus.  Your doctor may order the procedure if you experience unexplained pain, bleeding or bloating. For example, intravaginal ultrasounds can reveal changes in the shape and density of your reproductive tissues and can also be used to visualize blood flow to your pelvic organs.  It can be used to monitor fibroids, ovarian cysts, and cancerous growths in your pelvic organs or diagnose the cause of vaginal bleeding and cramping. Intravaginal ultrasound can also help diagnose infertility issues or abnormalities in the bladder, kidneys and pelvic cavity. During pregnancy, your doctor can use it to detect the early stages of pregnancy, monitor the development of your fetus, detect multiples, and rule out an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. The timing of this procedure depends on the reason why you need to have it done.  During pregnancy, an intravaginal ultrasound can occur as early as 6 weeks after conception but typically is done between 8 and 12 weeks of pregnancy.  If your doctor is trying to diagnose a reason for unusual pain or bleeding, your procedure will likely be scheduled immediately. If you need an intravaginal ultrasound for infertility issues, then your doctor may choose to perform it around the time you ovulate. An intravaginal...

Summary in Russian:

Узнайте, что представляет собой трансвагинальное УЗИ. Узнайте, в каких случаях назначают трансвагинальное УЗИ. Запланируйте время проведения исследования.


Article in English: Introduce the idea of you and her as a couple by casually dropping a hint. You might say something like, “If you and I were a couple, I bet we’d spend so much time fighting about restaurants, huh?” or “Do you believe two people can be friends without ever catching feelings for each other?" Pay attention to her facial expression and body language in addition to her verbal response. If she seems to shut down or dismiss the idea, this may indicate she’s not interested. If you’re still thinking about sharing your feelings with your best friend, go over exactly what you’ll say. Aim for a brief disclosure that tells her how you feel and maybe how long you’ve felt that way. For example, you might say something like, "I really like you and I've felt this way for months now." Call or text your friend and ask her to meet you in person. Let her know that you have something important to talk to her about. You might say, “Hey, I have something I need to tell you. Are you free to talk this evening at 5?" Sharing your romantic intentions for a friend can feel messy enough as it is, so try not to beat around the bush. Explain why you asked to meet with her and exactly how you’re feeling. Be as specific as possible.  For example, if you’re simply physically attracted to your best friend and would like to bring sex to the table, say that. If you are “in love” with her and would like to be in a romantic relationship, be clear about that. Once you’ve said your part, back off. Having a friend share their feelings can be overwhelming. She probably will need time to process everything and decide how she wants to move forward. Say something like, “I know this is a lot to take in. Take your time thinking about what I’ve said. I don’t want to make you feel pressured.”

Summary in Russian:

Чтобы оценить реакцию подруги, сначала намекните на отношения. Заранее подумайте о том, что вы скажете. Договоритесь о встрече в удобное для вас обоих время. Во время разговора будьте откровенны и прямолинейны. Не оказывайте чрезмерного давления.


Article in English: Introduce yourself and chat him up with some small talk. If he responds well, think about building on this and becoming friends first. Talk about anything from the weather to something you’ve noticed about him like the band on his t-shirt. Try something along the lines of, "I love that band too! Have you seen them in concert before?" Show him that you are interested by flirting. Act coy, bat your eyes, touch your hair and poke fun. Be sure not to hurt his feelings of course, just a little playful banter will do the trick. Let him see your true personality and witty humor.  Gaze into his eyes for several seconds and then look away. It works every time. Sometimes you just have to bite the bullet. Take matters into your own hands by inviting him out for a movie or any other activity you feel he may be interested in. Be polite, warm and personable. There’s no way he could turn you down. Walk over to him with confidence, a big smile and direct eye contact. He will not only be flattered but taken by your straightforward approach. Write your telephone number on a piece of paper along with your name. Walk over to him in class, at the mall or wherever you tend to run into him and hand it to him. You could say, "Hey, I think you should give me a shout sometime." He’ll be left stunned about who this mystery girl is and might start dialing/texting immediately. If he doesn’t call, he was clearly not the person you hoped he would be and now you can finally move on. If this is an online crush, send him a private message on Facebook. Tell him that you’ve noticed him around and wanted to get to know him better. End the message by asking an open-ended question like, “Would you be interested in meeting up?” or “Can I get your phone number so we can talk sometime?” By doing this, you will encourage a response. This option is an excellent choice if you are a little on the shy side.

Summary in Russian:

Заведите разговор. Флиртуйте! Пригласите его на свидание. Дайте ему свой номер телефона. Напишите ему сообщение.


Article in English: Introduce yourself and say your name clearly. "Hello, nice to see you. My name's ___. Here is/are your menu(s). Would you like to start off with a refreshing beverage from our bar?" Greet customers with a smile as they enter. Maintain balanced eye-contact, but avoid staring too much. Some customers are uncomfortable and will come to the restaurant in a variety of moods. Respond appropriately. As you seat them at their table, perhaps stir up small conversation as you proceed to take their drink orders. If they're not interested in chatting, leave it at that. If children are present, ask for their beverages first, followed by ladies and then gentleman all following the left to right order.  This is also the time to discuss the specials and any promotional deals the restaurant is offering at this time. When you have served their drinks, ask if they have any questions about the menu. Don't rush them unless they are late, and even then do it gently. If they are ready to order, take their order clockwise starting at the left and closest to you. If not, proceed to your next table. " and give them a second to think about it. Check back again within five minutes with, "Are you enjoying everything?" Ask specifically about the host's dish: "How is your Steak?" Listen to their response and read their body language: many people are shy to speak up about problems, and they may blame that on you when it comes time to leave a tip. Bring out orders in their entirety. Never bring one guest's food without the other's, unless specially instructed otherwise (this may happen if one or more in the party plans to leave early). Normally, there shouldn't be any circumstance causing one part of an order be ready much later than another. If on occasion you foresee this happening and causing a problem, briefly explain the situation and ask how the customer would prefer handling this. Always clear plates from the previous course completely before bringing plates from the next course to a table. Before clearing plates, be sure to ask...

Summary in Russian:

Подойдите к столику с улыбкой и поприветствуйте клиентов. Принимайте заказы по часовой стрелке, начиная слева от вас. Когда подано основное блюдо, обязательно спросите: Уберите тарелки с текущим блюдом, как только становится ясно, что клиент хочет, чтобы их убрали. Когда вы убрали со стола тарелки из-под главного блюда, спросите: Примите платеж.


Article in English: Introduce yourself to your teenager’s teachers and school administration. Make it clear that they can get in touch with you if they have any questions or concerns involving your child’s education. Volunteer at the school or make an appearance at school functions. Your teenager might be more motivated to stay on top of their schoolwork if they know that you are active in their school community.  Schedule a parent/teacher conference. If your job or schedule doesn’t allow you to actively participate, be sure to attend at least one conference yearly and stay up to date with the school newsletter. Instead of fighting and creating a tense environment regarding school work and performance, consider working with them to develop a plan. Offer your advice and allow them the space to develop a work plan that works for them. Instead of arguing about the results, provide constructive criticism to see if they can solve the problem themselves. This will make the teen feel more grown up and respected.   For example, your teenager just received their midterm grade in math and they have a D. They have three weeks to bring their grade up before their next report card. Have a conversation with your teen by asking them what they need to do to bring their grade up. If they say that they need to study more, suggest that they bring home their math book each day and spend at least 30 minutes studying what they went over in class that day. Ask your teenager if they have any missed assignments or tests. Teenagers often need prompted or reminded to do something, especially things that they don’t want to do. Try to remember that you are the adult and they are still a child. Teenagers do not need to be prompted as regularly as an elementary student, but they do still need to be reminded to stay on track from time to time. Consider using technology to set reminders for your teenager. Set calendar reminders on your phone and sync it to their phone. There are also several family management apps that may help.

Summary in Russian:

Посетите школу. Взаимодействуйте с подростком. Делайте напоминания.


Article in English: Introducing yourself and starting a conversation with someone new can be intimidating, especially if you feel shy. Once you break the ice, however, you may find yourself in the middle of a bunch of friends. Choose someone to introduce yourself to. Smile and say hello. Talk about something related to school, such as, “We’re in the same English class,” or “When is the assignment due?”  Rehearse your conversation by practicing with your parent, sibling or even your pet. You can also think of other ways to start up a conversation, such as complimenting someone on their clothes or noticing a cool new notebook. Making a new friend or two before school starts can be helpful so that you don’t feel so alone when you go to the first day of school. Go to a park in the school neighborhood, or join a summer camp. It can be helpful to see some familiar faces in your classroom when school starts. Sign up for activities like drama, sports or chess club. This will put you into smaller groups with people who have similar interests as yours.  This will also give you a chance to demonstrate your skills at a particular sport or other activity. You might even be able to teach some other kids about how to do something. It can be exhausting to pretend to be someone else in order to fit in. Try your best to just be yourself. Don’t worry too much about what other people think. When you are in a new school, you have the chance to make friends with anybody. It can be tempting to try to fit in with cool kids. You should, however, spend most of your effort making friends with people that you’re comfortable around. It goes back to the idea of being yourself. Who are the people that enjoy your company because of who you are? Who are the people who treat you with respect? By setting goals for yourself every day or every week, you can see how you are adjusting to your new school in very real ways. For example, you can say, “I’ll attend one club meeting this week,” so that when you attend the meeting, you’ll know you’re trying hard to adjust....

Summary in Russian:

Учитесь представляться. Познакомьтесь с другими учениками до начала занятий. Принимайте участие в школьных мероприятиях. Будьте самим собой. Принимайте правильные решения в выборе друзей. Ставьте цели. Поддерживайте связь со старыми друзьями. Разговор с соседом по парте – лучший способ завести нового друга. Найдя друга по увлечениям, не забывайте о нем на каникулах.


Article in English: Introducing yourself is simply the polite thing to do. Do it without the handshake or other physical greetings though, and try to avoid making her feel like she has to do the same. Give your name and quickly move the conversation on to something else. This makes her feel like she has the upper hand, which will make her more comfortable. As said above, if a woman is even remotely nice looking, she probably has guys telling her so every day. There are probably plenty of guys that flirt with her. If you want to be successful when you approach her, you need to set yourself apart. The best way to do this is to act natural and flirt as little as possible. Talk about something interesting, not about what her boobs look like in that dress. Be “social” not a “shark.” The guy who walks into a bar, circles around a few times, and then gets the courage to approach women one by one may be going home alone.  Most women are familiar with this type. Talk socially to everyone and have fun – you’re not a starving hunter desperate for a meal. Give her some personal space when you go up to her. Never stand in a way that blocks her exit from the area. Don't touch her. Maybe even act a little bashful. When a woman feels threatened, it doesn't matter how awesome you actually are. She's going to be too focused on her own safety to enjoy talking to you. Boasting, bragging, and talking a lot about yourself doesn't impress women: it just tells them that you're self-centered and would probably be terrible to be in a relationship with. Instead, be humble when you talk to them and don't act like you're entitled to their company. Earn the right to be talking to them. Focus the conversation on them and not you. You don't want her to think that you're lying to her through your actions, so try to be as genuine and sincere as possible. Don't try to act like some guy that you're not. Just be yourself and be honest about what you think. Ending by asking her out, even if you took the straightforward approach, is a bad idea. When you ask a woman...

Summary in Russian:

Представьтесь! Выгодно отличайтесь от других. Не создавайте угрожающее впечатление. Будьте скромны. Будьте искренни и честны. НЕ приглашайте ее на свидание.


Article in English: Introverts tend to be quieter people than extroverts. They often enjoy spending time with people, but would prefer the company of a close friend or two over a crowd of new people (don't compare it with shyness). Some of the differences between extroverts and introverts are likely because introverts’ brains process information differently than extroverts’ do. Despite common misconceptions, introverts do not “hate people,” and they’re not always shy. The following are some common introverted traits:  Seeks out solitude. Introverts generally do just fine on their own. In many cases, they prefer to be alone, at least for most of the time. It isn’t that they’re afraid of other people; it’s just that they don’t feel as strong a need to be around others.  Prefers less stimulation. This refers most often to social stimulation, but it can also refer to physical stimulation. For example, introverts actually produce more saliva in response to tasting something acidic than extroverts! Noise, crowds, and bright lights (i.e., your typical nightclub) are not things introverts commonly enjoy.  Enjoys the company of a few people or quiet conversations. Introverts may enjoy socializing, but they usually find even pleasant social interactions make them tired after a while. Introverts need to “recharge” on their own.  Prefers to work alone. Introverts often do not enjoy working in groups. They would prefer to work things out on their own, or collaborate with just one or two people.  Enjoys routine and making plans. Strong introverts do not respond to novelty the same way extroverts do. Introverts may have a need for routine and predictability. They may spend significant time planning or reflecting before taking any action, even small ones. Extroverts like to be around other people. They are often very active, and they generally have a variety of things going on. A common myth is that extroverts can’t stand to be alone, but this isn’t true. They just experience their alone time in a different way. The following are some common...

Summary in Russian:

Черты интроверта. Черты экстраверта. Помните, что экстравертивные черты обусловлены процессами в мозге. Пройдите личностный тест. Определите, являетесь ли вы интровертом или застенчивым человеком.


Article in English: Inverting colors in Photoshop is as simple as the command Ctrl+I or Cmd+I, but there are a few things to check about your file and layers before you can get the color inversion exactly where you want it. To invert the entire image, simple open the image in Photoshop, and press Crtl+I or Cmd+I. If you want to invert colors in a specific layer in your Photoshop file: select that layer, and make sure it is rasterised. If not, right-click on the Layer label (under the Layers list) and select "Rasterise Layer". Once you ensure the layer is rasterised, you can press Ctrl+I to invert all visible colors in the layer.  You can only perform this on one layer at a time. It will not work if you have selected multiple layers. You should perform this step after you re-size the layer or image to the size that you want. Enlarging an image after rasterizing could lead to pixelation and a loss in resolution. If you want to invert specific parts of a layer, you can select the layer, and select the portion you want to invert using different selection tools available in Photoshop: try the Rectangle tool, Lasso tool, or Magic Wand. Add or subtract portions to your selection, as needed. When you are satisfied with the selection area you have created, press Ctrl+I to invert. You can also select different portions one at a time and invert. However, if you select a previously inverted portion a second time by mistake, that set of pixels will be reverted to original color. Thus, it is better to invert for complete selection in one go.

Summary in Russian:

Как инвертировать файл с помощью клавиатуры? Инвертируйте цвета отдельного слоя. Инвертируйте отдельные участки слоя.


Article in English: Invest in a basic knee-length pencil skirt. Look for one in a neutral color, and go with black for the most versatility. Buy dress slacks in a neutral color. Take your time in choosing a pair that flatters your legs. Purchase a few colorful knit tops. Choose colors that work well with your skin tone. Own a white, fitted button-down shirt. Keep a stock of fitted, short-sleeve t-shirts. Keep a stock of fitted tank tops and camisoles, as well. Look for a blazer. Choose one that matches the color and style of either your pencil skirt or dress pants. Pick out a cardigan sweater. Pick out a little black dress. A good little black dress can be dressed up for semi-formal occasions or dressed down for a night on the town. For best results, look for a dress in a classic cut. Have at least one pair of flattering jeans. Look for a timeless dark-wash denim and a classic style, such as boot cut or straight leg. Also own a pair of flattering khaki pants. For some occasions, jeans are too casual and dress slacks are too dressy. Khaki pants are good for bridging that gap. Purchase a fitted coat suitable for spring and fall weather. Think trench coats and pea coats. Own a heavier fitted coat capable of keeping you warm in the winter. Keep a few casual sundresses handy for warm spring and summer weather. Purchase capri pants for the warmer weather. Choose a length and cut—loose or fitted—that flatters your legs. Consider purchasing a fitted pea coat for autumn and winter. Look for a few heavy sweaters for the winter. Turtlenecks are considered classic, but many other styles also work well. Think black, gray, tan, dark brown, white, and cream. Neutral colors are the most versatile. Think primary and secondary colors. A few brights and variations will not hurt, but try to stick with colors that are always considered acceptable. Avoid colors that are only "in" for the season. Look for colors that coordinate well with your skin tone. Consider a blouse or dress with a small polka dot print. Search for pinstripe pants or shirts. Try...

Summary in Russian:

Подберите одежду, которая никогда не выйдет из моды и подойдет к любому сезону. Добавьте несколько сезонных вещей. Запаситесь нейтральными тонами. Ищите классические оттенки и узоры. Проверьте, подходит ли вам одежда.


Article in English: Invest in a futon cover to keep your futon clean. You can buy a cover online or at a local department store. The cover should protect the futon from stains and spills. You should wash your futon cover with your laundry a few times a month. If you use a cover, do not leave it on your futon all the time. When cleaning the futon, remove the cover for an hour before you begin cleaning. This will give the futon a chance to air out. If at all possible, use a frame for your futon. The closer your futon is to the floor, the more susceptible it is to dirt and debris. If you keep your futon on the floor, you will have to clean it more often.

Summary in Russian:

Наденьте на диван-кровать чехол. Время от времени проветривайте матрас. Не кладите матрас на пол.


Article in English: Investing in precious metals can be a good way to shield your investment portfolio from the effects of inflation. Monetary policy employed to combat recent recessions has often involved the inflation of currencies. Lack of faith in the dollar has resulted in the devaluation of cash assets and the rise of commodity prices. Price volatility is always a concern for precious metals investors. The discovery and sale of large precious metal reserves can increase the supply overnight, leading to sharp drops in price. Additionally, if you invest in physical metal such as gold coins or bullion, you need to protect them in a bank vault or safe. Although gold is the best-known precious metal, there are a few other metals that are often used for investment.   Gold is a globally recognized symbol of wealth. Gold was commonly used as currency prior to the development of paper money and state currencies. Currently gold is crucial to the electronics industry. It is used in many components due to its properties of electrical conduction, corrosion resistance, and chemical stability.  Silver is commonly thought of as gold's more affordable cousin. Silver is valuable to the electronics industry because it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal.  Platinum is often part of medical equipment, automotive parts, and computers.  Palladium is key to the production of catalytic converters because of its ability to withstand extreme temperatures and oxidation. It is also used in a variety of other industrial applications such as water purification and the refining of oil and natural gas.

Summary in Russian:

Поймите, в чем заключается выгода. Поймите, в чем заключается риск. Изучите, какие  варианты для инвестирования существуют.


Article in English: Investing in the stock market involves risk, and this includes the risk of permanently losing money. Before investing, always ensure you have your basic financial needs taken care of in the event of a job loss or catastrophic event.  Make sure you have 3 to 6 months of your income readily available in a savings account. This ensures that if you quickly need money, you will not need to rely on selling your stocks. Even relatively "safe" stocks can fluctuate dramatically over time, and there is always a probability your stock could be below what you bought it for when you need cash. Ensure your insurance needs are met. Before allocating a portion of your monthly income to investing, make sure you own proper insurance on your assets, as well as on your health. Remember to never depend on investment money to cover any catastrophic event, as investments do fluctuate over time. For example, if your savings were invested in the stock market in 2008, and you also needed to spend 6 months off work due to an illness, you would have been forced to sell your stocks at a potential 50% loss due to the market crash at the time. By having proper savings and insurance, your basic needs are always covered regardless of stock market volatility. Depending on your investment needs, there are several different types of accounts you may want to consider opening. Each of these accounts represents a vehicle in which to hold your investments.  A taxable account refers to an account in which all investment income earned within the account is taxed in the year it was received. Therefore, if you received any interest or dividend payments, or if you sell the stock for a profit, you will need to pay the appropriate taxes. As well, money is available without penalty in these accounts, as opposed to investments in tax deferred accounts.    A traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA) allows for tax-deductible contributions but limits how much you can contribute. An IRA doesn't allow you to withdraw funds until you reach retirement age...

Summary in Russian:

Убедитесь, что инвестирование является правильным для вас делом. Выберите подходящий счет. Используйте усреднение долларовой стоимости. Изучите начисление сложных процентов.