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10. 空间技术的附带利益:现况审查。
10. Spin-off benefits of space technology: review of current status.
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11. 空间与水。
11. Space and water.
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0.999941
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12. 空间与气候变化。
12. Space and climate change.
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13. 空间技术在联合国系统的使用。
13. Use of space technology in the United Nations system.
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14. 委员会的未来作用和工作方法。
14. Future role and method of work of the Committee.
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15. 空间探索和创新。
15. Space exploration and innovation.
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0.99997
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17. 其他事项。
17. Other matters.
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18. 委员会提交大会的报告。
18. Report of the Committee to the General Assembly.
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0.999977
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C. 选举主席团成员
C. Election of officers
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0.99995
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5. 在6月1日委员会第786次会议上,Omran Sharaf(阿拉伯联合酋长国)当选为2022-2023年期间委员会主席,Jenni Tapio(芬兰)当选为该段期间的第一副主席,Oleg Ventskovsky(乌克兰)当选为该段期间的第二副主席/报告员。
5. At the 786th meeting of the Committee, on 1 June, Omran Sharaf (United Arab Emirates) was elected Chair of the Committee, Jenni Tapio (Finland) was elected First Vice-Chair, and Oleg Ventskovsky (Ukraine) was elected Second Vice-Chair/Rapporteur for the period 2022–2023.
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6. 在该次会议上,委员会核可Juan Francisco Facetti(巴拉圭)当选为2022-2023年期间科学和技术小组委员会主席,Nomfuneko Majaja(南非)当选为该段期间的法律小组委员会主席。
6. At the same meeting, the Committee endorsed the election of Juan Francisco Facetti (Paraguay) as Chair of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and Nomfuneko Majaja (South Africa) as Chair of the Legal Subcommittee for the period 2022–2023.
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D. 成员
D. Membership
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7. 根据大会第1472 A (XIV)号、第1721 E (XVI)号、第3182 (XXVIII)号、第32/196 B号、第35/16号、第49/33号、第56/51号、第57/116号、第59/116号、第62/217号、第65/97号、第66/71号、第68/75号、第69/85号、第71/90号、第72/77号、第74/82号和第76/76号决议,以及第45/315号、第67/412号、第67/528号、第70/518号和第73/517号决定,和平利用外层空间委员会由下列100个国家组成:阿尔巴尼亚、阿尔及利亚、安哥拉、阿根廷、亚美尼亚、澳大利亚、奥地利、阿塞拜疆、巴林、孟加拉国、白俄罗斯、比利时、贝宁、多民族玻利维亚国、巴西、保加利亚、布基纳法索、喀麦隆、加拿大、乍得、智利、中国、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、塞浦路斯、捷克、丹麦、多米尼加共和国、厄瓜多尔、埃及、萨尔瓦多、埃塞俄比亚、芬兰、法国、德国、加纳、希腊、匈牙利、印度印度尼西亚、伊朗伊斯兰共和国、伊拉克、以色列、意大利、日本、约旦、哈萨克斯坦、肯尼亚、科威特、黎巴嫩、利比亚、卢森堡、马来西亚、毛里求斯、墨西哥、蒙古、摩洛哥、荷兰、新西兰、尼加拉瓜、尼日尔、尼日利亚、挪威、阿曼、巴基斯坦、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、菲律宾、波兰、葡萄牙、卡塔尔、大韩民国、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯联邦、卢旺达、沙特阿拉伯、塞内加尔、塞拉利昂、新加坡、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、南非、西班牙、斯里兰卡、苏丹、瑞典、瑞士、阿拉伯叙利亚共和国、泰国、突尼斯、土耳其、乌克兰、阿拉伯联合酋长国、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、美利坚合众国、乌拉圭、委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国和越南。
7. In accordance with General Assembly resolutions 1472 A (XIV), 1721 E (XVI), 3182 (XXVIII), 32/196 B, 35/16, 49/33, 56/51, 57/116, 59/116, 62/217, 65/97, 66/71, 68/75, 69/85, 71/90, 72/77, 74/82, 76/76 and decisions 45/315, 67/412, 67/528, 70/518 and 73/517, the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was composed of the following 100 States: Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Tunisia, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) and Viet Nam.
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E. 出席情况
E. Attendance
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8. 委员会下列84个成员国的代表出席了本届会议:阿尔及利亚、安哥拉、阿根廷、亚美尼亚、澳大利亚、奥地利、阿塞拜疆、孟加拉国、白俄罗斯、比利时、巴西、保加利亚、布基纳法索、加拿大、智利、中国、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、塞浦路斯、捷克、丹麦、多米尼加共和国、厄瓜多尔、埃及、萨尔瓦多、芬兰、法国、德国、加纳、希腊、匈牙利、印度、印度尼西亚、伊朗伊斯兰共和国、伊拉克、以色列、意大利、日本、约旦、哈萨克斯坦、肯尼亚、科威特、黎巴嫩、卢森堡、马来西亚、毛里求斯、墨西哥、摩洛哥、荷兰、新西兰、尼日利亚、挪威、阿曼、巴基斯坦、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、菲律宾、波兰、葡萄牙、卡塔尔、大韩民国、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯联邦、沙特阿拉伯、新加坡、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、南非、西班牙、斯里兰卡、瑞典、瑞士、阿拉伯叙利亚共和国、泰国、突尼斯、土耳其、乌克兰、阿拉伯联合酋长国、英国、美国、乌拉圭和委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国。
8. Representatives of the following 84 States members of the Committee attended the session: Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Tunisia, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of).
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9. 欧洲联盟的代表以委员会常驻观察员的身份并根据大会第65/276号和第73/91号决议出席了会议。
9. The session was attended by representatives of the European Union, in its capacity as permanent observer of the Committee and in accordance with General Assembly resolutions 65/276 and 73/91.
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10. 在第786次会议上,委员会决定应乌兹别克斯坦的请求,接纳其为观察员出席本届会议并酌情在会议上发言,但有一项谅解,即这不影响今后有关此种性质的请求,并且这样做不涉及委员会关于地位问题的任何决定。
10. At its 786th meeting, the Committee decided to admit Uzbekistan as an observer, at its request, to attend the session and to address it, as appropriate, on the understanding that it would be without prejudice to further requests of that nature and that doing so would not involve any decision of the Committee concerning status.
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11. 在第786次会议上,委员会还决定应教廷的请求,接纳其为观察员出席本届会议并酌情在会议上发言,但有一项谅解,即这不影响今后有关此种性质的请求,并且这样做不涉及委员会关于地位问题的任何决定。
11. At its 786th meeting, the Committee also decided to admit the Holy See as an observer, at its request, to attend the session and to address it, as appropriate, on the understanding that it would be without prejudice to further requests of that nature and that doing so would not involve any decision of the Committee concerning status.
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12. 联合国粮食及农业组织、国际原子能机构、国际民用航空组织、国际电信联盟和秘书处裁军事务厅的观察员出席了会议。
12. Observers for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Telecommunications Union and the Office for Disarmament Affairs of the Secretariat attended the session.
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13. 在委员会享有常驻观察员地位的下列政府间组织派观察员出席了会议:亚洲太平洋空间合作组织(亚太空间合作组织)、地球观测卫星委员会、欧洲南半球天文研究组织、欧洲航天局(欧空局)、欧洲通信卫星组织、国际统一私法协会(统法协会)、国际空间通信组织,以及平方公里阵列观测台。
13. The session was attended by observers for the following intergovernmental organizations having permanent observer status with the Committee: Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO), Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, European Space Agency (ESA), European Telecommunications Satellite Organization, International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), International Organization of Space Communications (Intersputnik) and Square Kilometre Array Observatory.
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14. 在委员会享有常驻观察员地位的下列非政府组织也派观察员出席了会议:保护全月球组织、国际宇航联合会(宇航联)、国际天文学联盟(天文联盟)、国际空间法学会、国际法协会、月球村协会、全美空间学会、开放月球基金会,苏丹·本·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹王储国际水奖机构(王储水奖机构)、日地物理学科学委员会、安全世界基金会、航天新一代咨询理事会、全球航天工程大学联盟和世界空间周协会。
14. The session was also attended by observers for the following non-governmental organizations having permanent observer status with the Committee: For All Moonkind, International Astronautical Federation (IAF), International Astronomical Union (IAU), International Institute of Space Law (IISL), International Law Association (ILA), Moon Village Association (MVA), National Space Society (NSS), Open Lunar Foundation, Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water (PSIPW), Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP), Secure World Foundation, Space Generation Advisory Council (SGAC), University Space Engineering Consortium-Global (UNISEC-Global) and World Space Week Association.
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15. 在第786次会议上,委员会决定应海牙全球正义研究所的请求,接纳其作为观察员出席本届会议并酌情在会议上发言,但有一项谅解,即这不影响今后有关此种性质的请求,并且这样做不涉及委员会关于地位问题的任何决定。
15. At its 786th meeting, the Committee decided to admit the Hague Institute for Global Justice as an observer, at its request, to attend the session and to address it, as appropriate, on the understanding that it would be without prejudice to further requests of that nature and that doing so would not involve any decision of the Committee concerning status.
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16. 出席会议的委员会成员国、联合国实体和其他组织的代表名单载于A/AC.105/2022/INF/1号文件。
16. A list of representatives of States members of the Committee, United Nations entities and other organizations attending the session is contained in A/AC.105/2022/INF/1.
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F. 一般性发言
F. General statements
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17. 委员会下列成员国的代表在一般性交换意见期间作了发言:安哥拉、阿尔及利亚、阿根廷、亚美尼亚、澳大利亚、奥地利、孟加拉国、白俄罗斯、比利时、巴西、加拿大、智利、中国、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、捷克、多米尼加共和国、厄瓜多尔、埃及、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、印度、印度尼西亚、伊朗伊斯兰共和国、伊拉克、以色列、意大利、日本、肯尼亚、卢森堡、马来西亚、墨西哥、摩洛哥、荷兰、新西兰、尼日利亚、巴拉圭、秘鲁、菲律宾、葡萄牙、卡塔尔、大韩民国、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯联邦、新加坡、斯洛文尼亚、南非、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、泰国、土耳其、乌克兰、阿拉伯联合酋长国、英国、美国、乌拉圭、委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国。突尼斯代表以77国集团和中国的名义作了发言。埃及代表以非洲国家集团的名义作了发言。欧洲联盟代表以常驻观察员的身份代表欧洲联盟及其成员国作了发言。亚太空间合作组织、地球观测卫星委员会、欧洲通信卫星组织、保护全月球组织、海牙全球司法研究所、宇航联、空间法学会、国家空间学会、开放月球基金会、航天新一代咨询理事会、平方公里阵列天文台、统法协会、全球航天工程大学联盟和世界空间周协会的观察员也作了发言。
17. Statements were made by representatives of the following States members of the Committee during the general exchange of views: Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of). The representative of Tunisia made a statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China. The representative of Egypt made a statement on behalf of the Group of African States. The representative of the European Union, in its capacity as permanent observer, made a statement on behalf of the European Union and its member States. Further statements were made by the observers for APSCO, CEOS, the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization, For All Moonkind, the Hague Institute for Global Justice, IAF, IISL, the National Space Society, the Open Lunar Foundation, SGAC, the Square Kilometre Array Observatory, UNIDROIT, UNISEC-Global and World Space Week Association.
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18. 委员会对即将离任的主席Marius-Ioan Piso(罗马尼亚)、即将离任的第一副主席Francis Chizea(尼日利亚)和即将离任的第二副主席兼报告员Nicolás Botero Varón(哥伦比亚)在任期内所做的出色工作和取得的成就表示赞赏。
18. The Committee expressed its appreciation to Marius-Ioan Piso (Romania), the outgoing Chair, Francis Chizea (Nigeria), the outgoing First Vice-Chair, and Nicolás Botero Varón (Colombia), the outgoing Second Vice-Chair/Rapporteur, for their excellent work and achievements during their terms of office.
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19. 在6月1日第786次会议上,主席作了发言,回顾2022年是第一颗人造地球卫星斯普特尼克一号发射进入外层空间六十五周年、《外层空间条约》生效五十五周年和大地遥感卫星方案五十周年。他强调了加强国际合作、促进遵守联合国各项外层空间条约、促进公平利用空间和鼓励知识共享举措的重要性。他还强调了空间科学技术研究与开发作为地球可持续发展、保护和维护外层空间环境以及探索宇宙的基础所发挥的作用。
19. At the 786th meeting, on 1 June, the Chair delivered a statement in which he recalled that 2022 had marked the sixty-fifth anniversary of the launch into outer space of the first human-made Earth satellite, Sputnik 1, the fifty-fifth anniversary of the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty and the fiftieth anniversary of the Land Remote Sensing Satellite (Landsat) programme. He highlighted the importance of strengthening international collaboration, promoting compliance with the United Nations treaties on outer space, fostering fair access to space and encouraging knowledge-sharing initiatives. He also stressed the role of research and development in space science and technology as fundamental for sustainable development on Earth, the protection and preservation of the outer space environment and the exploration of the universe.
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20. 主席热烈欢迎安哥拉、孟加拉国、科威特、巴拿马和斯洛文尼亚成为委员会的最新成员,这使委员会达到了100个成员国的里程碑。主席还欢迎开放月球基金会、平方公里阵列天文台和统法协会成为最新的具有委员会观察员地位的国际政府间组织和非政府组织。
20. The Chair warmly welcomed Angola, Bangladesh, Kuwait, Panama and Slovenia as the newest members of the Committee, which brought the membership of the Committee to the milestone number of 100 member States. The Chair also welcomed the Open Lunar Foundation, the Square Kilometre Array Observatory and UNIDROIT as the newest international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations with observer status with the Committee.
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21. 外层空间事务厅代理厅长也在第786次会议上作了发言,他回顾了外空事务厅开展的工作。他强调,外空事务厅如何继续适应当前冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行带来的挑战,采用和利用新的解决方案,并将其应用于各项活动,以保证交付服务和采取以成果为导向的办法。对外空厅向成员国提供服务的需求继续扩大,正是在这一背景下,他强调了外空厅目前和即将开展的活动,包括与各种利益攸关方合作开展的活动,特别是为发展中国家的利益而开展的活动。代理厅长还宣布,他将在未来几个月内从外空厅退休。
21. Also at the 786th meeting, the Acting Director of the Office for Outer Space Affairs made a statement in which he reviewed the work carried out by the Office. He stressed how the Office had continued to adapt to the challenges posed by the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, adopting and making use of new solutions and applying them across the range of activities to ensure service delivery and a results-driven approach. The demand for the services provided by the Office to Member States continued to expand, and in that context he underlined the current and upcoming activities of the Office, including those conducted in partnership with various stakeholders, in particular for the benefit of developing countries. The Acting Director also announced that he would retire from the Office in the coming months.
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22. 委员会对外层空间事务厅代理主任Niklas Hedman表示深切的感谢,他为和平利用外层空间方面的国际合作提供了宝贵的长期支持,特别是在超过十五年的时间里担任委员会及其小组委员会的秘书。
22. The Committee expressed its deep appreciation to the Acting Director of the Office for Outer Space Affairs, Niklas Hedman, who had provided valuable long-standing support for the international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space, in particular in the role of Secretary of the Committee and its subcommittees for more than a decade and a half.
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23. 委员会听取了下列专题介绍:
23. The Committee heard the following presentations:
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(a) “国家空间活动委员会空间计划”,由阿根廷代表介绍;
(a) “CONAE space plan”, by the representative of Argentina;
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(b) “国家空间系统的规划”,由智利代表介绍;
(b) “Projection of the national space system”, by the representative of Chile;
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(c) “北斗导航卫星系统应用案例分享”,由中国代表介绍;
(c) “BeiDou Navigation Satellite System: sharing of application cases”, by the representative of China;
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(d) “伊朗CanSat竞赛”,由伊朗伊斯兰共和国代表介绍;
(d) “The Iranian CanSat competition”, by the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran;
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(e) “深空载人探索的进展和计划”,由美国代表介绍;
(e) “Progress and plans for deep space human exploration”, by the representative of the United States;
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(f) “保护外层空间文化遗产的必要性”,由保护全月球组织观察员介绍;
(f) “The imperative to protect cultural heritage in outer space”, by the observer for For All Moonkind;
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(g) “青年在空间政策和宣传中发出统一声音:介绍航天新一代宣传和政策平台”由航天新一代咨询理事会观察员介绍。
(g) “A united voice for youth in space policy and advocacy: introducing the Space Generation Advocacy and Policy Platform (SGAPP)”, by the observer for SGAC.
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24. 委员会注意到,近年来空间活动继续加强,越来越多的行动方进入空间领域,向外层空间发射的物体也明显增多。
24. The Committee noted that space activities had continued to intensify in recent years, with increasingly more actors entering the space arena and significantly more objects being launched into outer space.
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25. 委员会一致认为,连同其各小组委员会,并在外层空间事务厅的支持下,委员会仍然是负责促进探索及和平利用外层空间方面国际合作的独特国际论坛。
25. The Committee agreed that, together with its subcommittees, and with the support of the Office for Outer Space Affairs, the Committee remained the unique international forum tasked with promoting international cooperation in the exploration and peaceful use of outer space.
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26. 委员会一致认为,近年来越来越多的国家成为委员会的成员,这是一个明确的信号,表明国际社会承认这一政府间机构工作的价值。
26. The Committee agreed that the increasing number of States becoming members of the Committee in recent years was a clear signal of the international recognition of the value of the work of the intergovernmental body.
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27. 一些代表团表示认为,应当支持以联合国为核心的基于规则的国际体系和对国际事务采取多边做法,委员会为这一体系做出了贡献,包括通过制定国际空间法、国际规范和标准、准则、最佳做法以及其他透明度和建立信任措施。
27. Some delegations expressed the view that a rules-based international system, with the United Nations at its core, and a multilateral approach to international affairs should be supported, and that the Committee contributed to that system, including through the development of international space law, international norms and standards, guidelines, best practices and other transparency and confidence-building measures.
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28. 据认为,为了应对外层空间活动不断发展带来的挑战,必须维护以联合国为核心基于国际法的外层空间国际秩序。
28. The view was expressed that, with a view to addressing the challenges arising from the continuous development of outer space activities, it was imperative to uphold an international order in outer space based on international law, with the United Nations at its core.
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28. 一些代表团表示认为,国际社会应当进一步努力,探索充分利用委员会及其小组委员会的一切可能的方式方法,以便实现所有国家在空间相关问题上的共同目标。
29. Some delegations expressed the view that the international community should make further efforts and explore all possible ways and means of making full use of the Committee and its subcommittees to achieve the common objectives of all nations on space-related issues.
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30. 一些代表团表示认为,所有国家不受歧视地普遍及平等利用外层空间,为了全人类福利和利益公平及合理利用外层空间,包括月球和其他天体在内,不将外层空间据为己有的原则,开展国际合作发展空间活动,以及防止在外层空间进行军备竞赛和在外层空间部署任何种类的武器,这些是指导外层空间活动的最重要原则。
30. Some delegations expressed the view that universal and equal access to outer space for all countries without discrimination, equitable and rational use of outer space for the benefit and in the interests of all humankind, the principle of non-appropriation of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, international cooperation in the development of space activities, and the prevention of an arms race in outer space and placement of weapons of any kind in outer space were the most important principles that should govern the activities in outer space.
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31. 一些代表团表示认为,虽然有些国家在空间活动方面已经达到了重要的里程碑,但另一些国家才刚刚开始制定本国的空间方案和政策,至关重要的是,空间探索努力不应当将发展中国家抛在后面或使其处于不公平的劣势地位。因此,能力建设和技术援助是扩大从事这一领域工作的人员能力的关键因素,以便使他们能够从更先进的航天国家获得专门技能和知识。
31. Some delegations expressed the view that while some countries had reached important milestones in space activities, others were only starting to develop their own space programmes and policies and that it was crucial that developing countries not be left behind or unfairly disadvantaged by space exploration efforts. Therefore, capacity-building and technical assistance were key factors for expanding the abilities of those working in the field, enabling them to gain expertise and knowledge from more advanced spacefaring nations.
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32. 一些代表团强调了空间气候观测站在评估空间数据以应对气候变化方面所作的贡献。表达这一观点的代表团还回顾,空间气候观测站投入时间参加了委员会对“未来首脑会议”作出的贡献。
32. Some delegations underlined the contribution of the Space Climate Observatory in the evaluation of space data to respond to climate change. It was noted that the Space Climate Observatory was available to participate in the deliberations for preparing the Committee’s contribution to the Summit of the Future.
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33. 一些代表团表示认为,外层空间的利用和探索应当完全为和平目的进行,以期实现命运共同体愿景,为所有国家谋取福利和利益,而不论其经济或科学发展程度如何,并应符合适用的国际法体系。
33. Some delegations expressed the view that the use and exploration of outer space were to be carried out exclusively for peaceful purposes, with a view to realizing a shared vision for the future, for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, and in conformity with the body of applicable international law.
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34. 一些代表团表示认为,委员会应当对如何应对近地轨道上部署巨型星座带来的挑战加以更多的专门审议,包括审议与可持续和公平使用轨道和频率以及进入外层空间的机会有关的挑战。
34. Some delegations expressed the view that the Committee should give more dedicated consideration to addressing the challenges posed by the placement of megaconstellations in low Earth orbit, including those considerations related to the sustainable and equitable use of orbits and frequencies as well as accessibility of outer space.
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35. 一些代表团表示认为,科学和技术小组委员会与法律小组委员会应当更加密切地相互合作,特别是对于重叠和相互关联的主题事项。
35. Some delegations expressed the view that the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and the Legal Subcommittee should work more closely with each other, in particular on overlapping and interrelated subject matters.
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36. 一些代表团遗憾地注意到,一个国家决定用直升式反卫星导弹故意摧毁本国航天器,造成的碎片威胁到载人航天和机器人的航天飞行,据指出,需要最充分地执行委员会的《空间碎片减缓准则》和与碎片有关的《外层空间活动长期可持续性准则》,欢迎作出承诺,不进行具有破坏性影响的直升式反卫星导弹试验。
36. Some delegations noted with regret one State’s decision to conduct the intentional destruction of its own spacecraft with a direct-ascent anti-satellite missile, resulting in debris that threatened human and robotic space flight, noted the need to implement the Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines of the Committee and debris-related Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities to their fullest extent, and welcomed commitments to refrain from destructive direct-ascent anti-satellite missile testing.
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37. 据认为,委员会和秘书处应当继续采取举措,并研究如何进一步加强两个小组委员会的工作协调和互动,并酌情加强与其他联合国机构和其他国际组织等与委员会任务密切相关的机构的协调和互动,因为这将确保协调、恰当和及时地解决交叉问题。
37. The view was expressed that the Committee and its secretariat should continue initiatives and study ways to further enable closer coordination and engagement on the work of the two subcommittees, and with bodies that were closely interlinked with the mandate of the Committee, such as other United Nations bodies and other international organizations, when applicable, as this would ensure coordinated, relevant and timely resolution of cross-cutting issues.
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38. 一些代表团表示认为,《关于为和平目的民用探索和利用月球、火星、彗星和小行星合作原则的阿特米斯协定》得到越来越多的支持,这表明该协定作为确保和平探索空间活动保持透明、安全和可持续的业务框架的价值。
38. Some delegations expressed the view that the growing support for the Artemis Accords on the Principles for Cooperation in the Civil Exploration and Use of the Moon, Mars, Comets, and Asteroids for Peaceful Purposes demonstrated the value of the Accords as an operational framework to ensure that the peaceful exploration of space remained transparent, safe and sustainable.
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39. 一些代表团表示认为,中国和俄罗斯联邦发起的国际月球研究站合作正在推进,为所有感兴趣的伙伴提供了空间探索的新机会。
39. Some delegations expressed the view that cooperation on the international lunar research station initiated by China and the Russian Federation was advancing and provided new opportunities for space exploration for all interested partners.
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40. 一些代表团再次对俄罗斯联邦政府提议在欧亚区域设立一个附属于联合国并由俄罗斯国家航天集团公司研究院主办的新的空间科学和技术教育区域中心表示反对。这些代表团还认为,尽管大会在其第76/76号决议中满意地注意到在设立该区域中心方面取得的进展,但鉴于最近的事态发展,它们无法接受该区域中心以任何方式附属于联合国。
40. Some delegations reiterated their opposition to the establishment of a new regional centre for space science and technology education in the Eurasian region, affiliated to the United Nations, hosted by the Roscosmos Corporate Academy, as proposed by the Government of the Russian Federation. Those delegations were also of the view that although the General Assembly, in its resolution 76/76, had noted with satisfaction the progress in the establishment of the regional centre, in the light of recent developments, they were not in a position to accept any affiliation of that regional centre to the United Nations.
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41. 据认为,委员会第六十四届会议已注意到,关于拟议设立区域中心的评价团提出了一项建议,接受俄罗斯联邦关于设立区域中心的提议,委员会欢迎在设立区域中心方面取得的进展,因此,委员会不需要再征得同意。表达这一观点的代表团还告知委员会,该中心已经在运作并提供服务。来自该区域各国的100多名申请人已成功获得该中心的录取作为学生。
41. The view was expressed that the Committee, at its sixty-fourth session, had noted that the evaluation mission on the proposed establishment of the regional centre had resulted in a recommendation to accept the offer of the Russian Federation to establish the regional centre, that the Committee had welcomed the progress on the establishment of the regional centre, and that therefore no additional agreement was required by the Committee. The delegation expressing that view also informed the Committee that the centre was already operational and providing services. Over 100 applicants from various countries in the region have been successfully accepted by the Centre as students.
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42. 一些代表团呼吁避免给空间技术或服务增加政治层面涵义,特别是避免按照一个卷入冲突的区域来命名发射装置。
42. Some delegations called for refraining from adding a political dimension to space technologies or services, in particular by naming a launcher after a region involved in a conflict.
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43. 据认为,拥有先进空间发射技术的航天国家保留以其认为适当的方式为其空间运载火箭和宇宙飞船进行命名的充分权利。
43. The view was expressed that spacefaring nations possessing advanced space launch technologies preserve the full right to name their space launch vehicles and spaceships as they find appropriate.
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44. 委员会欢迎外层空间事务厅发布其《2021年年度报告》,其中全面介绍了外空厅在2021年的活动、合作、伙伴关系方案和成就。
44. The Committee welcomed the publication by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of its Annual Report 2021, which contained a comprehensive account of the Office’s activities, cooperation, partnership programmes and achievements in 2021.
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45. 委员会赞赏地注意到结合委员会第六十五届会议在维也纳国际中心圆厅举办的展览:由西班牙组织的关于E.T.PACK项目的展览,该项目是解决空间碎片扩散问题的一种技术办法;由美国组织的关于《阿特米斯协定》的展览;和由天文学联盟组织的关于包容概念的题为“鼓舞人心的星球”的展览。
45. The Committee noted with appreciation the exhibitions presented in the Rotunda of the Vienna International Centre in conjunction with its sixty-fifth session: an exhibition on the E.T.PACK project, a technological solution for the space debris proliferation problem, organized by Spain; an exhibition on the Artemis Accords, organized by the United States; and an exhibition entitled “Inspiring stars”, on the concept of inclusion, organized by IAU.
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46. 委员会赞赏地注意到波兰政府向外层空间事务厅的常设展览捐赠了Manfred Lachs的一幅画作,他是法律小组委员会首任主席和国际空间法领域最有影响力的学者之一。
46. The Committee noted with appreciation the donation by the Government of Poland to the permanent exhibit of the Office for Outer Space Affairs of a painting of Manfred Lachs, the first Chair of the Legal Subcommittee and one of the most influential scholars in international space law.
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47. 委员会对本届会议期间组织的下列活动表示赞赏:
47. The Committee expressed its appreciation for the organization of the following events during the session:
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(a) “促进空间领域的性别平等”,由大韩民国和外层空间事务厅组织;
(a) “Advancing #GenderEquality in Space”, organized by the Republic of Korea and the Office for Outer Space Affairs;
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(b) “2022年外空委的新空间”,由斯洛伐克组织;
(b) “Emerging Space@COPUOS 2022”, organized by Slovakia;
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(c) “与执行《外层空间活动长期可持续性准则》有关的提高认识和能力建设——利益攸关方研究报告”,由联合王国和外层空间事务厅组织;
(c) “Awareness-raising and capacity-building related to the implementation of the Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities (LTS Guidelines): stakeholder study report”, organized by the United Kingdom and the Office for Outer Space Affairs;
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(d) “青年空间交流和机会”,由美国和外层空间事务厅组织;
(d) “Youth space exchanges and opportunities”, organized by the United States and the Office for Outer Space Affairs;
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(e) “不断取得进展的月球政策——圆桌会议”,由月球村协会、开放月球基金会、安全世界基金会和航天新一代咨询理事会组织; (f) “空间机会人人共享:成员国的机会”,由外层空间事务厅组织;
(e) “Progressing lunar policy: a round table”, organized by Moon Village Association, the Open Lunar Foundation, the Secure World Foundation and SGAC; (f) “Access to Space for All: opportunities for Member States”, organized by the Office for Outer Space Affairs;
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(g) “为外空委代表举行的虚拟简报:何为外空事务厅,它为什么与你有关”。
(g) “Virtual briefing for COPUOS delegates: what is UNOOSA and why is it relevant for you?”, organized by the Office for Outer Space Affairs.
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G. 通过委员会的报告
G. Adoption of the report of the Committee
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48. 在审议了面前的各个项目之后,委员会在其2022年6月10日第801次会议上通过了其提交大会的报告,其中载有以下建议和决定。
48. After considering the various items before it, the Committee, at its 801st meeting, on 10 June 2022, adopted its report to the General Assembly containing the recommendations and decisions set out below.
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第二章
Chapter II
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建议和决定
Recommendations and decisions
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A. 维持外层空间用于和平目的的方式和方法
A. Ways and means of maintaining outer space for peaceful purposes
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49. 根据大会第76/76号决议,委员会作为优先事项继续审议了维持外层空间用于和平目的的方式方法,并继续审议了从更广角度考虑将有助于确保安全负责地开展空间活动的空间安全及相关事项,包括为此目的促进国际、区域和区域间合作的方式。
49. In accordance with General Assembly resolution 76/76, the Committee continued its consideration, as a matter of priority, of ways and means of maintaining outer space for peaceful purposes and its consideration of the broader perspective of space security and associated matters that would be instrumental in ensuring the safe and responsible conduct of space activities, including ways to promote international, regional and interregional cooperation to that end.
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50. 巴西、加拿大、中国、印度、印度尼西亚、伊朗伊斯兰共和国、日本、墨西哥、荷兰、大韩民国、俄罗斯联邦、阿拉伯联合酋长国、美国和委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国的代表在这一项目下作了发言。安全世界基金会的观察员也作了发言。在一般性交换意见期间,其他成员国也就本项目作了发言。
50. The representatives of Brazil, Canada, China, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, the United Arab Emirates, the United States and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) made statements under this item. A statement was also made by the observer for the Secure World Foundation. During the general exchange of views, statements relating to the item were also made by other member States.
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51. 委员会听取了下列专题介绍:
51. The Committee heard the following presentations:
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(a) “使用ADLER-1探测微型空间碎片”,由奥地利代表介绍;
(a) “Micro-space debris detection with ADLER-1”, by the representative of Austria;
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(b) “绘制低地球轨道碰撞风险图”,由美国代表介绍;
(b) “Mapping collision risk in low Earth orbit”, by the representative of the United States;
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(c) “加强空间安全和可持续性的机会和做法”,由美国代表介绍;
(c) “Opportunities and practices to enhance space safety and sustainability”, by the representative of the United States;
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(d) “空间安全的安全规范:制定规范如何能够加强和平目的原则”,由航天新一代咨询理事会观察员介绍。
(d) “Safety norms for space security: how the development of norms can strengthen the peaceful purposes principle”, by the observer for SGAC.
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52. 委员会一致认为,通过其在科学、技术和法律领域的工作,以及通过促进就与探索和利用外层空间有关的各种专题开展国际对话和交流信息,委员会在确保维持外层空间用于和平目的方面可发挥根本性作用。
52. The Committee agreed that through its work in the scientific, technical and legal fields, as well as through the promotion of international dialogue and the exchange of information on various topics relating to the exploration and use of outer space, it had a fundamental role to play in ensuring that outer space was maintained for peaceful purposes.
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53. 一些代表团表示认为,所有航天国家都有责任通过在空间技术及其应用上取得进展而保持和推动外层空间惠及各方。
53. Some delegations expressed the view that it was the responsibility of all spacefaring nations to preserve and promote the benefits of outer space for all, through the advances made in space technology and its applications.
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54. 一些代表团表示认为,为了确保对外层空间的可持续和平利用,按照国际法律、规则、条例和规范开展外层空间活动至为关键。
54. Some delegations expressed the view that in order to ensure the sustainable and peaceful use of outer space, it was crucial that outer space activities were carried out in accordance with international law, rules, regulations and norms.
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55. 一些代表团表示认为,透明度和建立信任措施是确保和平利用外层空间的关键。这些代表团提及外层空间活动透明度和建立信任措施政府专家组2013年的报告(A/68/189),并鼓励各国执行其建议和采取适当措施。
55. Some delegations expressed the view that transparency and confidence-building measures were essential to ensuring the peaceful uses of outer space. The same delegations referred to the report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space Activities (A/68/189) of 2013 and encouraged States to implement its recommendations and appropriate measures.
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56. 一些代表团表示认为,虽然委员会不是一个专门讨论外层空间裁军问题的论坛,但在全球治理和外层空间国际合作中仍然发挥着根本和独特作用,并且应当加强这一作用。
56. Some delegations expressed the view that although the Committee was not a forum dedicated to disarmament in outer space, it still played a fundamental and unique role in global governance and international cooperation on outer space and should strengthen that role.
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57. 一些代表团表示认为,委员会在广泛领域的工作确保了外层空间的和平利用,是防止军备竞赛风险和外层空间军事化的关键因素,因此,委员会的工作补充和支持了防止外层空间军备竞赛的其他论坛。
57. Some delegations expressed the view that the Committee’s work in a wide range of fields ensured the peaceful use of outer space and was a key factor in preventing the risk of an arms race and the militarization of outer space and that therefore the Committee’s work complemented and supported other forums for preventing an arms race in outer space.
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58. 一些代表团重申,具体涉及防止外层空间军备竞赛和将外层空间用于国家安全活动及相关事项的问题,在诸如裁军谈判会议、裁军审议委员会和大会第一委员会等以这些问题为其任务重点的论坛中讨论更为合适。
58. Some delegations reaffirmed that issues specifically associated with the prevention of an arms race in outer space and the use of outer space for national security activities and related matters were more appropriately discussed in forums whose mandates focused on those issues, such as the Conference on Disarmament, the Disarmament Commission and the First Committee of the General Assembly.
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59. 一些代表团表示认为,规范可以创造必要的信任气氛以便未来制定具有法律约束力的空间管理措施,在这方面,欢迎秘书长关于通过负责任行为规范、规则和原则减少空间威胁的报告(A/76/77)和通过负责任行为规范、规则和原则减少空间威胁不限成员名额工作组的工作,因为该报告深化了关于空间规范的讨论。
59. Some delegations expressed the view that norms could create the climate of confidence that was necessary to develop future legally binding measures governing space and, in that context, welcomed the report of the Secretary-General on reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours (A/76/77) and the work of the open-ended working group on reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours because it deepened the discussion on space norms.
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60. 一些代表团表示认为,外层空间军事化的威胁突显了旨在制定关于透明度和建立信任的有法律约束力规范的国际对话和谈判的重要性,因为无法律约束力的措施不足以应对外层空间军备竞赛的威胁。发表该意见的代表团还认为,具有法律约束力的措施必须根据现有的国际法原则,重点重申外层空间的和平利用和将外层空间用于和平目的符合各方共同利益。 61. 一些代表团重申,防止外层空间军备竞赛和在外层空间部署任何种类武器至关重要,并吁请所有国家特别是拥有强大空间能力的国家,积极促进和平利用外层空间,以防止外层空间的军事化,避免在外层空间部署任何种类武器或采取违背这一目标的任何其他行动。发表该看法的代表团还认为,长期维护好外层空间环境需要国际社会承诺确保永远不在外层空间部署任何武器。
60. Some delegations expressed the view that the threat of militarization of outer space underscored the importance of international dialogue and negotiation aimed at creating legally binding norms for transparency and confidence-building because non-legally binding measures did not sufficiently address the threat of an arms race in outer space. The delegations expressing that view also found it fundamental that legally binding measures should focus on reaffirming the shared interest of outer space for peaceful use and purposes, in accordance with the existing principles of international law. 61. Some delegations reaffirmed that it was crucial to prevent an arms race in outer space and the placement of weapons of any kind in outer space, and called upon all States, in particular those with major space capabilities, to contribute actively to the peaceful use of outer space in order to prevent its militarization and to refrain from placing weapons of any kind in outer space or any other action contrary to that objective. The delegations expressing that view were also of the view that the preservation of the outer space environment in the long term required the commitment of the international community to ensuring that no weapons were ever placed in outer space.
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62. 一些代表团再次指出,应更多考虑由中国和俄罗斯联邦编拟的关于防止在外层空间部署武器并防止对外层空间物体威胁使用武力的条约草案,因为该条约草案为确保外层空间用于和平目的铺平了道路。
62. Some delegations reiterated that more consideration should be given to the draft treaty on the prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space and of the threat of use of force against space objects, prepared by China and the Russian Federation, as it paved the way for ensuring the use of outer space for peaceful purposes.
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63. 一些代表团表示认为,故意摧毁空间物体,随意产生大量空间碎片,增加了在轨空间物体碰撞的风险,是一种不负责任的行为,将破坏外层空间的可持续和稳定利用。
63. Some delegations expressed the view that the intentional destruction of space objects generating large amounts of space debris indiscriminately increased the risk of collisions of on-orbit space objects and was an irresponsible behaviour that would undermine the sustainable and stable use of outer space.
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64. 一些代表团对产生空间碎片的反卫星试验表示关切,并强调各国应避免使用或试验这些能力。表达这一观点的代表团还认为,美国以及随后是加拿大最近宣布承诺不进行破坏性的直升式反卫星导弹试验,这是朝着制定外层空间负责任行为准则迈出的积极的一步。
64. Some delegations expressed concern about anti-satellite tests that generated space debris and emphasized that States should refrain from using or testing those capabilities. The delegations expressing that view were also of the view that the recent announcement by the United States, followed by Canada, committing not to conduct destructive direct-ascent anti-satellite missile testing was a positive step towards formulating norms of responsible behaviour in outer space.
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65. 据认为,这样一项举措能否有效维持空间用于和平目的令人怀疑。该代表团表示认为,承诺不试验某些类型的反卫星武器并不意味着承诺不使用这些武器。
65. The view was expressed that it was doubtful that such an initiative was effective for maintaining space for peaceful purposes. The same delegation expressed the view that the commitment not to test certain types of anti-satellite weapons did not mean a commitment not to use them.
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66. 据认为,委员会应继续作为非政治化讨论的平台,并应促进各国和政府间组织制定旨在维护外层空间用于和平目的的理论原则指导方针,从而维护国际和平与安全,并加强国际合作和相互了解。
66. The view was expressed that the Committee should remain a platform for non-politicized discussions and should promote the development of doctrinal guidelines of States and intergovernmental organizations aimed at preserving outer space for peaceful purposes, thereby maintaining international peace and security and strengthen international cooperation and mutual understanding.
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67. 据认为,委员会应当注重商业空间飞行发展所带来的挑战,促进加强关于商业空间行为者参与军事活动的有效国家条例,并确保非政府实体的空间活动符合和平目的,同时提高国际一级的透明度。还必须重视外层空间活动的安全,加强研究和广泛讨论,并寻求解决巨型星座构成的安全风险的办法。
67. The view was expressed that the Committee should focus on the challenges posed by the development of commercial space flight, promote the strengthening of effective national regulations on commercial space participation in military activities, and ensure that space activities of non-governmental entities were consistent with peaceful purposes, and at the same time enhance transparency at the international level. It was also necessary to attach importance to the safety of outer space activities and strengthen research, hold extensive discussions and seek solutions to the safety risks posed by megaconstellations.
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68. 委员会注意到,非洲空间周将于2022年9月在内罗毕举行,将为非洲航天工业利益关系方审议扩大非洲航天工业和加强努力促进和促成非洲内部之间和国际范围的空间活动合作提供一个创新平台。
68. The Committee noted that Africa Space Week would be held in Nairobi in September 2022 and would provide an innovative platform for African space industry stakeholders to deliberate on expanding Africa’s space industry and strengthen efforts to promote and enable intra-Africa and international cooperation on space activities.
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69. 委员会还注意到,亚太区域空间机构论坛第二十七届会议的主题是“通过多样化伙伴关系扩大空间创新”,会议于2021年11月30日至12月3日在线上举行。
69. The Committee noted that the twenty-seventh session of the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum, on the theme “Expand space innovation through diverse partnerships”, had been held online from 30 November to 3 December 2021.
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70. 委员会注意到,亚太空间合作组织理事会第十五次会议于2021年11月9日至11日在线上举行。理事会批准了亚太空间合作组织2021-2025年项目执行计划和亚太空间合作组织合作活动规则修正案。
70. The Committee noted that the fifteenth meeting of the Council of APSCO had been held online from 9 to 11 November 2021. The Council had approved the APSCO project implementation plan for 2021–2025 and the amendment of the rules on cooperative activities of APSCO.
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71. 委员会建议在2023年其第六十六届会议上继续优先审议关于维持外层空间用于和平目的的方式方法的项目。
71. The Committee recommended that, at its sixty-sixth session, in 2023, consideration of the item on ways and means of maintaining outer space for peaceful purposes should be continued, on a priority basis.
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B. 科学和技术小组委员会第五十九届会议报告
B. Report of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee on its fifty-ninth session
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