bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of software defect centralization using ai-based pathology
Authors: Kong Xianglong , Li Hongfa , Ji Wen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Software defect centralization is proposed as a metaphor to present the accumulation of various software degradation. It can describe the survival status of projects from the perspective of internal quality and help to fill the gap between quantitative fine-grained drawbacks and qualitative failure of projects. The current work on the detection and repair of software degradation cannot explain why some projects failed unexpectedly. Inspired by AI-based pathology, we define software defect centralization as a certain size of code that is growing and design a supervised prediction model. We build two datasets with 480 open-source Java projects to accomplish the model learning and evaluation. The experimental results show that the prediction model achieves an overall accuracy of 91.7% on the self-built test set. We also find that the degradation of bug-proneness and specific code smells are positively related to the presence of software defect centralization.
Enhanced convolutional neural network for apple shelf life prediction
Authors: Wang Ranran , Kong Xianglu , Xianhao Fang , Wang Jinxing , Yuan Chunhong , Lv Zongying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The preservation of apples during storage is associated with the depletion of moisture and nutrients, which significantly impacts their shelf life. This paper introduces an enhanced convolutional neural network model for the recognition of apple shelf life. We have developed a methodology that involves capturing the acoustic and vibrational signatures of apples, followed by mapping their time-domain spectra through windowing, frame segmentation, and discrete Fourier transformation to construct Mel frequency spectrum diagrams. Subsequently, a substantial dataset of these spectral profiles is utilized to train a deep convolutional neural network, culminating in the generation of a predictive model. This model demonstrates a high degree of accuracy, with a test result accuracy of 95%, offering a valuable tool for the prediction of apple shelf life during storage.
An active distribution network optimization method considering new energy scenario access and electric vehicle transportation loads
Authors: Hou Yucheng , Hou Yuxing , Shao Yalin , Hu Yingying , Wang Yao , Ji Zhe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
China’s rapid renewable energy growth has introduced challenges to the stability and reactive power balance of distribution networks due to the uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic (PV) output and the integration of flexible transportation loads. To address these issues, this paper presents an optimization method for active distribution networks. A Monte Carlo-based scenario simulation and a fast scenario reduction technique are used to manage wind and PV uncertainty. Additionally, an optimization model for reactive power is developed to minimize active power losses and voltage deviations while integrating wind, PV, and transportation loads. The model, solved via an improved second-order cone programming method using the GUROBI solver, optimizes transportation load configuration over time. Simulation results based on the IEEE 33-bus system show that the method enhances voltage quality and reduces network losses, achieving cost and efficiency improvements.
Power grid reconfiguration method applying mobile energy storage vehicles for disaster scenarios
Authors: Jiang Bin , Mei Zhongxiong , Lu Ming , Jiang Pinfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes an optimization technology of grid restructuring based on sequential decision-making, aimed at enhancing the resilience of microgrids in damaged scenarios. Through a two-stage restructuring optimization model, the first stage determines the topology of the microgrid and the configuration locations of the mobile energy storage vehicles, while the second stage establishes the transportation routes and output of these vehicles. The research utilizes the IEEE-30 bus system for simulation experiments and addresses mixed-integer stochastic programming problems using an improved L-shaped algorithm based on Benders’ decomposition. The experimental results demonstrate that the model effectively reduces the power outage time for critical loads and enhances the resilience of the power grid. Furthermore, the study considers the characteristics of both the power system and the transportation network, providing a theoretical foundation for future research.
Research on the characteristic impedance model and breakage detection method of high-voltage cable outer sheath
Authors: Wang Yadi , Hang Jiaming , Chen Yanyi , Tang Liang , Hu Xinxin , Dou Hang , Liu Danbing , Ye Yuting , Zhu Wuzhou , Liu Gang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The outer sheath of high voltage cables is the “first line of defence”, preventing the internal structure of the cable from being damaged in the first place. However, during cable operation, the outer sheath can break due to termite erosion, external stress, and other factors. In order to detect the broken state of the outer sheath of high-voltage cables and to improve the stability and reliability of the power grid operation, this paper proposes the detection method for the identification and localization of the fault point of cables. First, it establishes a model of the characteristic impedance of high-voltage cables’ outer sheath and the distribution parameters calculation method. Then, it builds the experimental platform consisting of two parallel-laid 110kV single-core XLPE cables as the experimental object to carry out the experimental verification of single-side breakage and bilateral breakage. Finally, it uses the time-frequency domain reflection (TFDR) method to detect and localize the two cables’ fault points with localization relative errors of 0.39% and 1.09%. The model’s accuracy as a high-voltage cable detection model is verified.
Dual-vector model predictive current control for brushless DC motors
Authors: Shao Junchao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To overcome the limitations of classical MPCC for brushless DC motors, which allows only one voltage vector per cycle causing tracking issues, we propose a dual-vector MPCC strategy. This divides the voltage vector plane into six sectors and 14 sub-sectors. By identifying the sub-sector, the optimal voltage vector combination is selected, and action times are calculated to minimize the cost function. This uses two voltage vectors per cycle. Effectiveness is confirmed through simulations.
Research on fault diagnosis method of synchronous generator based on ResNet-18
Authors: Xu Jiancheng , Gao Liming , Liu Zhonghua , Yun Qinsheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Based on the excitation fault mechanism model of marine synchronous generators, this paper builds a synchronous generator model and simulates the output waveforms of voltage, current, and speed under different operating conditions. With the help of simulation data, the fault mechanism of synchronous generators is analyzed, and the mathematical morphological features in the output waveforms of synchronous generators are extracted using neural networks. A fault diagnosis model for marine synchronous generators based on the ResNet-18 residual neural network is established. Finally, the test simulation data is input into the fault diagnosis model to obtain the F1 score of the model, which has been verified to meet the accuracy requirements for internal fault diagnosis of marine synchronous generators.
Research on dynamic characteristics and damage mode of impact resistance of multi-layer wrapped high-pressure hydrogen storage tank
Authors: Xue Ruiyuan , Li Linbin , Zhang Juyin , Luo Yongzhi , Wang Xueping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The hydrogen storage container of hydrogen refueling stations is closely packed, and the high-energy debris generated by the burst incident may endanger other containers and cause a domino accident effect. In order to provide data for the risk assessment of the hydrogenation station under the influence of domino accident parameters and achieve higher intrinsic safety of hydrogen storage containers, a new PN98 MPa multi-layer wrapped high-pressure hydrogen storage tank was taken as the research object to establish a finite element model for the explosion fragment impact. The damage mode and dynamic response under impact load were analyzed by explicit dynamics method, and the influence of fragment velocity, mass, and shape was explored. As revealed in the research findings, the debris impact turns out to be a local damage behavior, and the debris motion can be separated into two phases: impact and rebound. The damage degree of the container is proportional to the mass and velocity of the debris, but the velocity of the debris has a greater impact, which is reciprocally related to the contact area, and the damage ability of the cone debris is the strongest. The research results show that the new storage tank has good impact resistance, which provides support data for the safety assessment of hydrogenation stations.
Force-thermal coupling analysis of honeycomb sandwich structure
Authors: Ji Xiao , Li Yanbin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article establishes a stress and displacement distribution model of a three-dimensional honeycomb sandwich structure under typical working conditions subjected to aerodynamic thermal and aerodynamic coupling effects. The aerodynamic thermal load is calculated through numerical conversion of cold/hot wall heat flux. In order to facilitate engineering applications, this process is integrated into the ABAQUS plugin for modular operation. Furthermore, static analysis was conducted on the model. The stress and displacement distribution cloud maps of the model were obtained based on the theory of sequential coupling. According to its analysis results, it can be seen that the honeycomb sandwich structure under typical working conditions experiences a maximum stress value of 579Mpa and a maximum displacement value of 0.25mm during service, which can meet the application of combined aerodynamic, thermal, and aerodynamic loads in engineering.
D265-12 diesel engine SCR system fluid simulation analysis
Authors: Wang Jinzhou , Zhang Xiujuan , Peng Baoxin , Hao Yuhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a diesel engine after-treatment SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system is investigated to improve NOx emission reduction. Through theoretical analysis and three-dimensional model building, fluid simulation analysis was carried out by using Fluent software. The results show that the system has good fluidity, the pressure drop is less than 10 Kpa, and the denitrification rate reaches 87%. However, there are still problems with eddy current and urea crystallization, which need to be further optimized. The study confirms the effectiveness of the SCR system and points out the direction of improvement.
Comparative study of performance between horizontal link eccentric braced frame and vertical link eccentric braced frame under earthquake load
Authors: Muhammad D F , Handayani A F , Nastiti S F , Sulthon M , Susanto P B , Maulidani A A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Building designs that are earthquake-resistant are vital because Indonesia is an earthquake-prone region. The eccentrically braced frame (EBF) is one of the structural systems that may withstand earthquakes. The initial output of this system is intended to be an earthquake fuse. The main beam and EBF with horizontal linkages (EBF-H) are situated together. The main beam will spin vertically during an earthquake, which will have an impact on the building above it. There is a vertical link eccentrically braced frame (EBF-V) to alleviate this problem. EBF V is superior for post-earthquake rehabilitation since it has a separate link from the main beam. EBF-V investigations are relatively uncommon, nevertheless. The structures of EBF-H and EBF-V will be compared in this investigation. The results showed that the structure with EBF-V had better stiffness than EBF-H. EBF-V and EBF-H have almost the same structural weight.
Thermal and Sound Properties of Kenaf Core (Hibiscus Cannabinus) in Compressed Earth Brick (CEB)
Authors: Razman R , Jupri M A , Azmi M A M , Kamaruddin K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Manufacture of fired clay brick (FCB), which is used as wall materials harms the environment since it produces carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, alternatives needed for an eco-friendly building material. The study aims to investigate kenaf core’s impact on thermal conductivity (k-value), thermal resistance (R-value), and sound absorption coefficient (SAC) in Kenaf Core-Compressed Earth Brick (KC-CEB). The thermal test used the Guarded Hot Plate, while the sound test employed the Low-Frequency Impedance Tube. Twelve KC-CEB samples were prepared, with three samples for each of the following kenaf core ratios: 0% (control sample), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. Based on the results, it is evident that kenaf core with 1% concentration exhibits optimal thermal properties, with a thermal conductivity of 0.013 W/m°C and a thermal resistance of 8.728 m²°C/W compared to kenaf core with 0.5% and 1.5% concentration. In contrast, 1.5% kenaf core demonstrates the highest SAC, with values of 0.69, 0.30, and 0.77 at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz, respectively, outperforming kenaf core at 0.5% and 1% concentrations. The study does, however, indicate that a 1% kenaf core ratio provides the best compromise between sound absorption and thermal insulation, making it the optimal choice for the composite material when comparing the three ratios, as well as surpassing the control sample.
Effectiveness of corn husk fibre on the compressive strength and water absorption of concrete containing cockle shells as coarse aggregate replacement materials
Authors: Shamsuddin S M , Wan Ibrahim M H , Sugiyo Yaka Aria M , Ramadhansyah P J , Nindyawati  , Nindyawati  , Sri Umniati B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of corn husk fibre (CHF) on concrete containing blood cockle shells (BCS) as coarse aggregate replacement materials in terms of compressive strength and water absorption. A total of 84 samples of concrete C30 with water-to cement ratio of 0.54 were prepared with curing period of 7, 14 and 28 days. Firstly, blood cockle shells (BCS) were utilised at 10%, 20% and 30% for coarse aggregate replacement by weight labelled as CS1, CS2 and CS3 respectively. CS1 has the highest compressive strength of 31.6 MPa, followed by CS3 and CS4. While CS3 has the highest water absorption at 3.55% in comparison to the control sample. Next, CHF were added to the concrete mixture containing the optimum content of BCS i.e. 10% (CS1) at 1%, 1.5% and 2% by volume labelled as CSH1, CSH2 and CHS3. Overall, there is significant reduction in the compressive strength where CSH2 exhibit the highest strength at 20.26 MPa. CSH3 has the highest water absorption at 3.07% in comparison to the control and CS1 sample.
Effect of Link Length Variation on the Performance of Cold Formed Steel EBF Structures
Authors: Nindyawati  , Mahenz N H , Sulaksitaningrum R , Damayanti A V 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Building damage due to earthquake shocks causes affected victims to potentially lose their homes so that temporary housing is needed. Therefore, strengthening of buildings using bracing is needed to support building resistance to lateral loads in earthquake areas. Bracing can be divided into two types, namely concentric and eccentric. Eccentric braces have links that will form inelastic rotation when yielding occurs due to deformation that occurs in the structure so that they are considered effective in absorbing lateral loads. EBF (eccentric braced frames) have better stiffness when compared to MRF (moment resisting frames) but are able to provide better ductility behavior compared to CBF (concentric braced frames). The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the performance of variations in EBF split-k cold-formed steel wall panel links against lateral loads. The aspects reviewed are maximum load, maximum deviation, and stiffness. The flow of this research is the manufacture, testing of test objects, and data processing. In this study, the following results were obtained: the short link variation obtained the largest maximum load result with 134.62 kg, the smallest maximum deviation of 30.472 mm, and the largest stiffness with 18.363 kg/mm.
Modal Shift Analysis of Malaysian E-Hailing Users’ Preferences in Travelling
Authors: Arbaan A , Othman M H , Ab Ghani A R , Ambak K , Borhan M N , Abdul Sukor N S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
E-hailing is getting increasingly popular because it could be an alternative for travellers due to its characteristics of being relatively convenient and affordable. Previous studies have not thoroughly explored the preferences of travellers regarding the use of e-hailing or public transportation, considering factors such as travel distance, financial cost, and time. This paper examines the impact of travel distance, cost, and time on e-hailing users’ preferences for e-hailing services or other public transportation modes using the Modal Shift approach. A survey of 377 e-hailing users in Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru, and Georgetown was conducted using questionnaires and Modal Shift analysis to understand their travel preferences. Most e-hailing users are aged 18-29 and earn between RM1500-RM2500 per month. The choice of e-hailing or public transportation can be influenced by factors such as travel cost, distance, and time. When the travel distance becomes quite far, estimated at RM21-RM35 and a travel time of 31-34 minutes, leads to people preferring other public transportation over e-hailing for long distances. Therefore, e-hailing can play a role as affordable short distance transportation and as a complement, or ‘first and last miles’ transportation on long-distance trips.
Water Quality Assessment at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Outward Bound Campsite Lake
Authors: Jominis C C , Alias N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the water quality parameters in Outward Bound Campsite Lake which is located at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor to evaluate and determine the water quality index through the classification of classes establish by Department of Environment (DOE). Outward Bound Campsite is mostly known for its kayak activity besides being a valuable asset for UTM eco-tourism. It was concerned that the quality of the lake gradually deteriorates due to some unknown factors since the turbidity of the lake was displeasing compared to the other lakes around the same area. Therefore, an assessment of water quality was carried out to determine whether the lake truly exposed with concerning pollution or otherwise. To achieve this aim, Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to assess category of lake. Water samples were collected and tested at FKA Environmental Laboratory apart of the in-situ parameters tested on site. WQI equation utilized the uses of Sub-Index (SI) that considered major parameters such as the saturation percentage of dissolved oxygen and pH value which will be obtained through in-situ testing, biological oxygen demand after five (5) days, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, and ammoniacal nitrogen. Five (5) samples were taken on a different date at the same sampling point. Based on the study, the WQI result for the lake of Outward Bound Campsite was determined to be 58.56 which in the range of Class III for both Water Supply and Fishery characteristics. Therefore, the lake was categorized as slightly polluted where the usage should be limited to livestock drinking only.
Evaluating the effectiveness of different masses of date seeds as natural coagulants in the process of treating textile wastewater
Authors: Abdul-Rahman-Adrin M H , Ngadiman N , Abdullah N H , Hamdan R , Abdullah M S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The textile sector is grappling with the challenge of managing its waste, which is laden with diverse colours and chemicals. A standard method for treating this type of industrial effluent is coagulation-flocculation, recognised for its ability to reduce suspended solids, organic compounds, turbidity, and discolouration. However, the employment of chemical coagulants tends to produce considerable amounts of non-biodegradable sludge and metallic contaminants in the treated water, posing significant environmental and health hazards. A potential solution involves using plants or microbial substances instead of chemicals by dissolving dry seed date powder with NaCl to create a natural coagulant in saline solvent form. This study investigates the potential of using date seeds as a natural alternative to chemical coagulants in wastewater treatment. It evaluates the effectiveness of varying masses of date seeds (1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g) with a consistent NaCl solvent concentration (1.0M) as a natural coagulant. Jar test was utilised with this extraction form of natural coagulant to determine its effectiveness in treating wastewater from the textile industry. The study assesses Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), turbidity, colour, and pH to gauge the wastewater’s reaction to the date seed treatment. SEM and XRD analyses were conducted on the dry date seeds to understand their structure, revealing irregular shapes, macro-sized pores, and an amorphous material structure. Results indicated a significant reduction in water turbidity and colouration, with a 71.64% decrease in turbidity achieved using 25 ml of coagulant at a 2.5-gram dry seed mass. Similarly, a 2.0-gram seed mass was found to reduce COD by 80% with a 10 ml coagulant dosage. The most significant colour reduction was 27.70%, achieved with a 2.5-gram seed mass at a 25-ml dosage. This investigation sheds light on the potential for developing organic coagulants for industrial wastewater treatment, offering a more sustainable approach to managing environmental pollutants.
Assessment of Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Fruit Vegetable Waste (FVW) as Potential Biofertilizer
Authors: Seswoya R , Rasit N , Norazman A F , Mohd Hashim S A , Mohd Azman N A F , Muhammad Fauzi S N S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) presents a promising approach for sustainable waste management and resource recovery. By characterizing its nutrient profile, this study explores the potential of FVW digestate as an organic fertilizer. FVW, comprising orange, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, and tomato, was processed into a slurry and mixed with anaerobic sludge as an inoculum in a pilot plant anaerobic digester. The digestion process, conducted in batch mode under ambient temperature, was monitored over 10 days, achieving a stable pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. Results showed that the FVW digestate contained significant concentrations of essential nutrients: nitrogen (5.4%), phosphorus (6470 mg/Kg), potassium (13700 mg/Kg), calcium (17400 mg/Kg), iron (11500 mg/Kg), magnesium (3840 mg/Kg), copper (88 mg/Kg), and zinc (574 mg/Kg). These findings indicate that FVW digestate is a viable source of organic fertilizer, offering a high nutrient content, particularly in potassium and calcium. However, nutrient concentrations varied from previous studies on food waste digestate, highlighting the influence of feedstock composition on anaerobic digestion outcomes. Future research should focus on assessing heavy metal content and exploring the effectiveness of FVW digestate in sustainable agricultural practices.