bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ultrarelativistic limit of Kerr
Authors: Adamo Tim , Cristofoli Andrea , Tourkine Piotr 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The massless (or ultrarelativistic) limit of a Schwarzschild black hole with fixed energy was determined long ago in the form of the Aichelburg-Sexl shockwave, but the status of the same limit for a Kerr black hole is less clear. In this paper, we explore the ultrarelativistic limit of Kerr in the class of Kerr-Schild impulsive pp-waves by exploiting a relation between the metric profile and the eikonal phase associated with scattering between a scalar and the source of the metric. This gives a map between candidate metrics and tree-level, 4-point scattering amplitudes. At large distances from the source, we find that all candidates for the massless limit of Kerr in this class do not have spin effects. This includes the metric corresponding to the massless limit of the amplitude for gravitational scattering between a scalar and a massive particle of infinite spin. One metric, discovered by Balasin and Nachbagauer, does have spin and finite size effects at short distances, leading to a remarkably compact scattering amplitude with many interesting properties. We also discuss the classical single copy of the ultrarelativistic limit of Kerr in electromagnetism.
Prospective randomized multicenter noninferiority clinical trial evaluating the use of TFN-advancedTM proximal femoral nailing system (TFNA) for the treatment of proximal femur fracture in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Lidan , Pan Zhijun , Zheng Xiaohui , Wang Qiugen , Tang Peifu , Zhou Fang , Liu Fan , Yu Bin , Leung Frankie K. L. , Wu Alex , Hughson Suzanne , Chen Zhuo , Blauth Michael , Rosner Anthony , Sparks Charisse , Wang Manyi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate whether the 24-weeks postoperative fracture union rate for the investigational TFNA intramedullary nail was non-inferior compared to the control product PFNA-II.

Methods
The study was a prospective, randomized, single-blind, noninferiority dual-arm study drawing from 9 trauma centers across China, between November 2018 and September 2020, with follow-up measurements at 24 weeks after internal fixation. The full analysis data set (FAS [Intent-to-Treat]) was analyzed and is summarized here. The primary outcome was fracture union rate, a composite score combining clinical and radiographic assessment. Secondary endpoints comprised (a) clinical outcomes including (1) SF-12, (2) Harris Hip, and (3) EQ-5D Scores, (b) radiographic incidence of complications such as loosening or cut-out requiring revision, (c) revision rates, (d) reoperation rates, and (e) adverse events, including 24-weeks revision and reoperation rates.

Results
Both TFNA and PFNA-II group fracture healing rates were 100% at 24 weeks; TFNA was therefore shown to be non-inferior to PFNA-II. With baseline data matched in all parameters except age in both the TFNA and PFNA-II groups, comparisons of union rates, SF-12, Harris Hip, and EQ-5D Scores yielded p values > 0.05 indicating no significant difference between the two groups, further supporting the noninferiority of TFNA. In both groups, revision and re-operation rates were 0, and the incidences of serious adverse events were 19.4% and 17.4%, respectively.

Conclusion
In terms of fracture union rate at 24 weeks, the DePuy Synthes Trochanteric Fixation Nail Advanced (TFNA) was not inferior to the marketed Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA-II) device produced by the same manufacturer. Secondary and safety outcomes showed no significant differences between the two groups.

Registration
Registration was completed at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03635320.
Global inhibition in head-direction neural circuits: a systematic comparison between connectome-based spiking neural circuit models
Authors: Chang Ning , Huang Hsuan-Pei , Lo Chung-Chuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe recent discovery of the head-direction (HD) system in fruit flies has provided unprecedented insights into the neural mechanisms of spatial orientation. Despite the progress, the neural substance of global inhibition, an essential component of the HD circuits, remains controversial. Some studies suggested that the ring neurons provide global inhibition, while others suggested the Δ7 neurons. In the present study, we provide evaluations from the theoretical perspective by performing systematic analyses on the computational models based on the ring-neuron (R models) and Δ7-neurons (Delta models) hypotheses with modifications according to the latest connectomic data. We conducted four tests: robustness, persistency, speed, and dynamical characteristics. We discovered that the two models led to a comparable performance in general, but each excelled in different tests. The R Models were more robust, while the Delta models were better in the persistency test. We also tested a hybrid model that combines both inhibitory mechanisms. While the performances of the R and Delta models in each test are highly parameter-dependent, the Hybrid model performed well in all tests with the same set of parameters. Our results suggest the possibility of combined inhibitory mechanisms in the HD circuits of fruit flies.
Association between maternal employment and the child´s mental health: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Kopp Marie , Lindauer Marina , Garthus-Niegel Susan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe recent rise in maternal workforce participation has led to more research regarding the role of maternal employment for (early) childhood mental health. This systematic review with meta-analysis covers new evidence on the association of both variables. A systematic literature search was conducted. Studies had to compare children 0–7 years of age on the basis of their mothers’ employment status, working amount, employment duration, i.e., how long the mother had been back at work after birth, or timing of return to work. Child mental health was operationalized as behavior problems and prosocial behavior. Narrative and meta-analytic syntheses of evidence were conducted. Maternal employment was associated with more conduct problems but less internalizing behavior problems and anxious/depressed behavior in children; full-time employment was linked to more externalizing behavior problems and more hyperactivity/inattention. Longer employment duration was related to less (internalizing) behavior problems and more prosocial behavior but also more externalizing behavior problems. Narrative syntheses indicated early maternal return to work to be associated with more child externalizing behavior problems and less prosocial behavior. Whether maternal employment is associated with child mental health strongly depends on both variables’ operationalization. Especially part-time employment, longer employment duration, and return to work only after the first year postpartum may be beneficial for child mental health. Practical implications pertain to an expanded offer of family leave and the endorsement of maternal employment after the first year postpartum. Here, factors that may buffer the negative associations with full-time employment warrant consideration.
The Evolving Nature of Semi-passive Mine Water Treatment
Authors: Kleinmann R. , Sobolewski A. , Skousen J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPassive mine water treatment technologies were originally developed to treat small flows of water with low to moderate acidity and metal loadings. Gradually, semi-passive adaptations and refinements, such as occasionally adding amendments to enhance treatment processes, have allowed passive systems to be used at a greater range of mine sites. This paper addresses the largely unwritten history of semi-passive water treatment and its potential future.
Geometry of polarised varieties
Authors: Birkar Caucher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the geometry of projective varieties polarised by ample and more generally nef and big Weil divisors. First we study birational boundedness of linear systems. We show that if $X$
X
is a projective variety of dimension $d$
d
with $\epsilon $
ϵ
-lc singularities for $\epsilon >0$
ϵ
>
0
, and if $N$
N
is a nef and big Weil divisor on $X$
X
such that $N-K_{X}$
N
−

K
X

is pseudo-effective, then the linear system $|mN|$
|
m
N
|
defines a birational map for some natural number $m$
m
depending only on $d,\epsilon $
d
,
ϵ
. This is key to proving various other results. For example, it implies that if $N$
N
is a big Weil divisor (not necessarily nef) on a klt Calabi-Yau variety of dimension $d$
d
, then the linear system $|mN|$
|
m
N
|
defines a birational map for some natural number $m$
m
depending only on $d$
d
. It also gives new proofs of some known results, for example, if $X$
X
is an $\epsilon $
ϵ
-lc Fano variety of dimension $d$
d
then taking $N=-K_{X}$
N
=
−

K
X

we recover birationality of $|-mK_{X}|$
|
−
m

K
X

|
for bounded $m$
m
.We prove similar birational boundedness results for nef and big Weil divisors $N$
N
on projective klt varieties $X$
X
when both $K_{X}$

K
X

and $N-K_{X}$
N
−

K
X

are pseudo-effective (here $X$
X
is not assumed $\epsilon $
ϵ
-lc).Using the above, we show boundedness of polarised varieties under some natural conditions. We extend these to boundedness of semi-log canonical Calabi-Yau pairs polarised by effective ample Weil divisors not containing lc centres. We will briefly discuss applications to existence of projective coarse moduli spaces of such polarised Calabi-Yau pairs.
Partial Exchange of Mineral N Fertilizer for Common Bean Plants by Organic N Fertilizer in the Presence of Salicylic Acid as Foliar Application
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed S. , Mohamed Mostafa H. M. , Halawa Samar S. , Saleh Said A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCommon beans are very significant for poor countries, because they provide high nutritional value, especially in terms of protein, calories, and trace nutrients, to people who cannot afford more expensive forms of nourishment. The current experiment was performed to investigate the influence of four different levels of organic fertilizer (compost) in the presence of mineral N fertilizer, i.e., T1: 25% M‑RDN +75% O‑RDN; T2: 50% M‑RDN +50% O‑RDN; T3: 75% M‑RDN +25% O‑RDN; and T4 (control): 100% M‑RDN (O-RDN, M‑RDN = recommended dose of N in organic and mineral forms, respectively; RDN: 60 kg N/fed.) and foliar spray with salicylic acid (SA) at 0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm, as well as of their interaction, on vegetative growth, productivity, and seed quality of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Nebraska. Obtained results showed that the tallest plants, the highest number of branches per plant, and the heaviest leaf fresh and dry weight per plant were scored using the combined treatment comprising T4 (100% M‑RDN) and SA at 150 ppm in the two seasons. T4-fertilized and 150 ppm SA-sprayed plants induced the highest values of leaf N, P, K, and total carbohydrates (%). The highest seed yield per plant and hectare as well as the highest average weight of 100 seeds were achieved by plants fertilized with T4 or T3 treatments (75% of M‑RDN +25% O‑RDN) and sprayed with 150 ppm SA in the two seasons. The combined treatment of T4 and SA at 150 ppm caused the statistically highest values of seed N%, P%, total protein (%), K%, and total carbohydrate (%). In addition, the lowest values of seed nitrate content were achieved by plants fertilized with the T1 treatment (25% M‑RDN +75% O‑RDN) and receiving 150 ppm SA foliar spray. In conclusion, for enhanced growth, productivity, and quality of common bean plants, it could be safe to fertilize with 75% M‑RDN +25% M‑RDN and spray these plants with SA at 150 ppm.
Effects of Microwaves on Burning Velocity, UV–VIS-Spectra, and Exhaust Gas Composition of Premixed Propane Flames
Authors: Eckart Sven , Dasari Sree Adinarayana , Collins Elizabeth , Behrend Ralph , Urbina Julio , Krause Hartmut 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrowaves can interact with the flame’s combustion zone and increase the energy density. This induces changes to the combustion properties by influencing the radical formation and significantly expanding the flame thickness. It is possible to combust low calorific gas mixtures in a stable process without preheating or co-firing with microwave assistance. Furthermore, the hybrid heating of gaseous fuels and electrical energy offers a solution for the improved use of volatile energy sources and the further improvement of the efficiencies of thermal systems. Moreover, microwaves can be used to heat materials internally, and when coupled with external heating, contribute to a more homogeneous process. This can be particularly beneficial in the glass industry and metal processing. However, the literature on basic behaviour of this coupling such as dielectric properties for higher temperature is limited, which prevents a comprehensive evaluation of the application potential. Thus, investigations with a newly designed, externally cooled, and symmetric resonator were conducted. Furthermore, the optimized resonator was improved by installing ports for burner installation and filter elements for exhaust gas probing and optical access. An axisymmetric burner was designed to generate a steady conical laminar premixed flame, which is stabilized on the outlet of a contoured nozzle. Combustion regimes with propane/air were tested within a range of equivalence ratios from 0.9 to 1.5. Experiments were carried out with an initial temperature of 298 K under atmospheric pressure and with microwave inlet power with a range of 200 to 800 W. The optical techniques used in the current survey are based on flame contour detection using OH* chemiluminescence imaging. Additionally, spectrally resolved flame emission measurement techniques were used to monitor excited state species. Significantly increased production rates of OH*, C2*, and CH* radicals were measured when there was an increased microwave power. The amount of NOx and CO were increased by 20% and 55% respectively in the exhaust gas, which was determined experimentally using a probe method. Numerical simulations of the electromagnetic field and its influence on combustion were carried out to confirm these findings. This enhanced reactivity by 22%, resulted in higher burning velocity, and provided knowledge on the emission performance of the combustion process under microwave influence. The numerical electromagnetic simulations using FEKO produced results that are consistent with the experimental results.
Flame Self-interaction and Flow Topology in Turbulent Homogeneous Mixture n-Heptane MILD Combustion
Authors: Abo-Amsha Khalil , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModerate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion has potential to achieve both high energy efficiency and ultra-low emissions. This analysis adopts the critical point theory to characterise the Flame-Self Interaction (FSI) events and flow topologies in turbulent, homogeneous mixture, n-Heptane MILD combustion using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) with reduced chemical mechanism. The local flame geometry has also been categorised using the mean and Gauss curvatures. It was found that the Tunnel Formation (TF) and Tunnel Closure (TC) topologies are the most probable FSI events at all values of the reaction progress variable c, while the Unburned Pocket (UP) and Burned Pocket (BP) topologies were mostly present towards the unburned and burned mixtures of the flame, respectively. Moreover, increasing the turbulence intensity did not result in any significant changes in the distribution of FSI events. Investigation of the flow topology distribution showed that the features associated with non-zero dilatation rate did not exist in the MILD cases considered. This is a consequence of the negligible thermal expansion effect due to the small temperature rise in MILD combustion cases. Increasing the dilution factor caused a reduction in the frequency of FSI events for all c levels. The distributions of flame self-interaction events in homogeneous mixture MILD combustion have been found to be significantly different from previously reported distributions for conventional turbulent premixed combustion.
The Case for Parentalism at Work: Balancing Feminist Care Ethics and Justice Ethics through a Winnicottian approach: A School Case Study
Authors: Edwards Michaela , Gatrell Caroline , Sutton Adrian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing an ethnographic case study based in a UK state school for 11- to 18-year-olds, this paper explores the tensions that arose when the senior leadership team (SLT) introduced a justice-based ethic-of-care that prioritized good grades and equal treatment for all pupils over a feminist ethic-of-care (preferred by most teachers in non-leadership roles) that accentuated individual pupil need and placed greater emphasis on a broader social education. Through highlighting the tensions between a feminist ethic-of-care and a more ‘masculine’ style, justice-based approach to care-ethics, the paper extends the organisational care-ethics literature. We emphasise that such tensions occurred whether the different ethics were enacted by men, women, or non-binary individuals. In order to better understand the tensions between these two ethical approaches, we draw upon the theoretical work of Donald Winnicott, which highlights the importance both of maternal and paternal roles during infancy. We update Winnicott’s ideas, noting how maternal and paternal caring roles can be undertaken by people of varied gender identities. Building on Winnicott’s theory, we propose a new ‘Parentalist’ ethic-of-care, which has the potential to balance and hold together ideas of both a feminist ethic-of-care, and a justice-based ethic. A Parentalist ethic-of-care could support teachers yet recognize the context of the contemporary neo-liberal environment, where most children need to attain formal qualifications in a marketized world, and where such measures of success are highly valued.
Rate Expectations: Jurors and the Self-Reinforcing Effect of Conviction Rates
Authors: Desmet Pieter T. M. , De Mot Jef , Faure Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examined whether jurors who know that a prosecutor has a high conviction rate are more inclined to convict a defendant than jurors who know that the prosecutor has a low conviction rate. Using simulated criminal cases, we conducted two experimental studies with jury-eligible participants. Study 1 (N = 200) tested whether information about prior conviction rates (high or low) affected jurors’ estimations of the probability of guilt in the context of a robbery. Study 2 (N = 205) used another criminal trial context (murder) and another dependent variable (dichotomous guilty/not guilty verdicts). Study 2 also incorporated jury instructions on the reasonable doubt standard and included a control condition in which no information regarding the conviction rate was provided. In both studies, jurors in the high conviction rate treatment were significantly more likely to convict the accused than jurors in the low conviction rate treatment. When jurors are aware of a prosecutor's prior conviction rates, a self-reinforcing cycle may arise in which conviction rates determine conviction rates.
Access to justice in prisons or the limitations of prison defense
Authors: Carvacho Pablo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article sought to understand the adequacy of criminal defense services within prisons. By analyzing secondary data and interviews, it describes the justiciable problems and legal needs, the lines of action, and the obstacles that the adult prison population encounters. The results show that the experience and needs that arise in prison surpass the institutional capabilities of the chilean Public Defender’s Office. Therefore, a new institutional framework must be created to meet the justice claims of prisoners.
Assessing Multiple Inequalities and Air Pollution Abatement Policies
Authors: Bonilla Jorge A. , Aravena Claudia , Morales-Betancourt Ricardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAddressing inequality is recognized a worldwide development objective. The literature has primarily focused on examining economic or social inequality, but rarely on environmental inequality. Centering the discussion on economic or social factors does not provide a holistic view of inequality because it is multidimensional and several facets may overlap imposing a disproportionate burden on vulnerable communities. This study investigates the magnitude of air quality inequality in conjunction with economic and social inequalities in Bogotá (Colombia). It explores where inequalities overlap and assesses alleviation measures by tackling air pollution. We develop a composite index to estimate performance in socioeconomic and air quality characteristics across the city and evaluate inequality with a variety of measures. Using an atmospheric chemical transport model, we simulate the impact of three air pollution abatement policies: paving roads, industry fuel substitution, and diesel-vehicle renewal on fine particle concentrations, and compute their effect on inequality. Results show that allocation of air quality across Bogotá is highly unequal, exceeding economic or social inequality. Evidence also indicates that economic, social and air quality disparities intersect, displaying the southwest as the most vulnerable zone. Paving roads is found to be the most progressive and cost-effective policy, reducing overall inequality between 11 and 46 percent with net benefits exceeding US$1.4 billion.
High genetic diversity in an endemic and vulnerable species: evidence from Astragalus cyclophyllon (Fabaceae) in Iran
Authors: Aliabadi Fatemeh , Bagheri Ali , Abbasi Shabnam , Saeidi Hojjatollah , Blattner Frank R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe genus Astragalus L. with about 3000 species is the largest genus of flowering plants. It is also the largest genus in the flora of Iran with more than 850 taxa. Astragalus cyclophyllon Beck is an endemic taxon belonging to Astragalus sect. Incani DC. It occurs scattered in the steppe and semi-steppe areas of the western and central parts of Iran. This species is one of the most important forage taxa of Astragalus. According to IUCN criteria it has been classified as a vulnerable taxon in Iran, as it occurs in habitats intensely used by herders for their livestock. Here we evaluate the genetic diversity of the populations of this species in Iran to see whether genetic diversity is high or if reductions have already happened. For this purpose, sampling was done in all geographical areas with A. cyclophyllon populations in Iran. In total, 80 individuals representing 29 populations were studied using 33 quantitative and qualitative morphological characters and 10 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. ISSR revealed 240 bands which all were polymorphic. Neighbor-joining cluster analysis divided the individuals in four groups, Principal Coordinate Analysis and Bayesian population assignment analysis in Structure resulted in three genetic units. Morphological variation showed no correlation with the molecular data. The mean of Gst and Nm indices are 0.516 and 0.468, respectively, which indicate a very high genetic differentiation and low gene flow between the studied populations. According to these results, we conclude that genetic diversity is high in this species and that, therefore, the major threat for A. cyclophyllon is currently not related to inbreeding depression in populations, but might be due to livestock grazing that could change the population demographic structure by reducing regular establishment of new offspring.