bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of post-stroke cognitive impairment therapies: an umbrella review
Authors: Li Yongbiao , Cui Ruyi , Liu Shaobo , Qin Zhiping , Sun Wenjing , Cheng Yong , Liu Qingshan 
Published: August 2023

Background: Stroke survivors are at significantly increased risk of cognitive impairment, which affects patients’ independence of activities of daily living (ADLs), social engagement, and neurological function deficit. Many studies have been done to evaluate the efficacy and safety of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) treatment, and due to the largely inconsistent clinical data, there is a need to summarize and analyze the published clinical research data in this area.Objective: An umbrella review was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PSCI therapies.Methods: Three independent authors searched for meta-analyses and systematic reviews on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science to address this issue. We examined ADL and Barthel index (BI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), neurological function deficit as efficacy endpoints, and the incidence of adverse events as safety profiles.Results: In all, 312 studies from 19 eligible publications were included in the umbrella review. The results showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, cell therapies, acupuncture, and EGB76 can improve the MoCA and ADL, and the adverse effects were mild for the treatment of PSCI. Moreover, Vinpocetine, Oxiracetam, Citicoline, thrombolytic therapy, Actovegin, DL-3-n-Butylphthalide, and Nimodipine showed adverse events or low article quality in patients with PSCI. However, the research evidence is not exact and further research is needed.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that ACEI inhibitors (Donepezil) and NMDA antagonists (Memantine), EGB761, and acupuncture are the ADL and BI, MoCA, and neurological function deficit medication/therapy, respectively, for patients with PSCI.Clinical Trial Registration:https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-11-0139/; Identifier: INPLASY2022110139.
Induced expression modes of genes related to Toll, Imd, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway-mediated immune response in Spodoptera frugiperda infected with Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Li Jihu , Mao Yongkai , Yi Jiequn , Lin Mingjiang , Xu Hanliang , Cheng Yinjie , Wu Han , Liu Jianbai 
Published: August 2023

Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most harmful pests that attack maize and other major food crops and causes huge economic loss every year in China and other countries and regions. Beauveria bassiana, a kind of entomological fungus that is highly pathogenic to pests, is harmless to the environment and human beings. However, at present, S. frugiperda has gradually developed resistance to many pesticides and microbial insecticides. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted to analyze the differences in gene expression between B. bassiana-infected and -uninfected S. frugiperda. More than 160 Gb of clean data were obtained as 150-bp paired-end reads using the Illumina HiSeq™ 4000 platform, and 2,767 and 2,892 DEGs were identified in LH36vsCK36 and LH144vsCK144, respectively. In order to explore the roles of JAK/STAT, Toll, and Imd signaling pathways in antifungal immune response in S. frugiperda against B. bassiana infection, the expression patterns of those signaling pathway-related genes in B. bassiana-infected S. frugiperda were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, antifungal activity experiments revealed that the suppression of JAK/STAT, Toll, and Imd signaling pathways by inhibitors could inhibit the antifungal activity to a large extent and lead to increased sensitivity of S. frugiperda to B. bassiana infection, indicating that JAK/STAT, Toll, and Imd signaling pathways and their associated genes might be involved in the synthesis and secretion of antifungal substances. This study implied that JAK/STAT, Toll, and Imd signaling pathways played crucial roles in the antifungal immune response of the S. frugiperda larvae, in which the related genes of these signaling pathways could play special regulatory roles in signal transduction. This study would improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying innate immunity and provide the basis for a wide spectrum of strategies against antifungal resistance of S. frugiperda.
Production of phytolith and PhytOC and distribution of extractable Si Pools in aerobic rice as influenced by different Si sources
Authors: Anjum Mohsina , Prakash Nagabovanalli Basavarajappa 
Published: August 2023

Phytoliths are composed of 66 to 91% SiO2 and 1 to 6% organic carbon (C) known as phytolith occluded carbon (PhytOC). PhytOC is critical for long-term C storage in the agroecosystem. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of three different sources of exogenous Si, i.e., diatomaceous earth (DE), silicic acid (SA) and rice husk biochar (RHB) on 1) plant phytolith, C content in phytolith and PhytOC content in different rice organs; 2) relationship between plant phytolith, C content in phytolith, PhytOC content, and soil properties (soil physicochemical properties and readily soluble silicon pools). Different Si sources produced significantly higher phytolith, PhytOC content, and readily soluble Si pools (CCSi, AASi, and ASi) than the control (RDF), with treatment receiving 4 t RHB ha-1 outperforming the other treatments. Phytolith and PhytOC production were found to be significantly correlated to soil organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable Si (CCSi) and amorphous Si (ASi) content in the soil. Redundancy analysis showed that treatments receiving 4 t RHB ha-1 have a stronger relationship with the CCSi and ASi which majorly contributed to the higher phytolith and PhytOC production. Thus, practices such as Si fertilizers and RHB application have a high potential for phytolith production and PhytOC sequestration, a critical mechanism of the global biogeochemical C sink.
Non-communicable disease multimorbidity among tribal older adults in India: evidence from Study on Global AGEing and adult health, 2015
Authors: Sinha Abhinav , Kanungo Srikanta , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Kaur Harpreet , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMultimorbidity defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more chronic conditions in an individual is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries such as India. With India aiming to achieve universal health coverage, it is imperative to address the inequalities in accessing healthcare, especially among vulnerable groups such as tribal. Moreover, changing lifestyle has led to the emergence of multimorbidity among tribals in India. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and assess the correlates of multimorbidity among tribal older adults in India.MethodsWe employed nationally representative data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health conducted in 2015. We included 522 participants aged ≥50 years who reported their caste to be ‘Scheduled Tribe' in the survey. A multivariable regression model assessed the association between multimorbidity and various attributes.ResultsArthritis, cataract, and hypertension were the most common chronic conditions. The overall prevalence of multimorbidity was ~22.61%. We observed a higher likelihood of having multimorbidity among respondents aged ≥80 years [AOR: 4.08 (1.17–14.18)] than the younger age groups, and among the most affluent group [AOR: 2.64 (1.06–6.56)] than the most deprived class.ConclusionThe prevalence of multimorbidity among tribal older adults is emerging which cannot be overlooked. Health and wellness centers may be a window of opportunity to provide egalitarian and quality preventive and curative services to achieve universal health coverage. Future studies should explore the outcomes of multimorbidity in terms of healthcare utilization, expenditure, and quality of life in this group.
Social mobility and perinatal depression in Black women
Authors: Hawkins Melissa , Mallapareddi Arun , Misra Dawn 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundHigher socioeconomic position is associated with better birth outcomes and maternal mental health, although this relationship is less consistent for Black women. The literature is limited on the impact of social mobility across the life course on mental health of pregnant women. This study examines the impact of perceived financial status across the life-course on depressive symptoms during pregnancy among Black women.MethodsData were from the Life-course Influences of Fetal Environments (LIFE) retrospective cohort study among pregnant Black women in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan. Depressive symptoms in the two weeks prior to birth were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Social mobility was determined at three intervals over the life course using self-report of financial status during childhood, adolescence, and current age in pregnancy.Results1,410 pregnant women participated, ranging in age from 18 to 45 years old. CES-D scores ranged from 0 to 53 (mean = 15.3) and 26% of the sample reported high depressive symptoms. In each age interval, higher financial status was associated with significant protective effect on depressive symptoms, and the magnitude of the effect increased across the life course. Trajectory analysis demonstrated that both the upward (4.51; 95% CI, 2.43–6.6) and downward (4.04; 95% CI, 2.62–5.46 and 3.09; 95% CI, 1.57–4.62) life-course social mobility groups had increased mean CES-D scores compared to the static social mobility group.ConclusionThis study describes the importance of previous childhood and current financial status effects on mental health in Black pregnant women.
Heart rate variability of elite female rowers in preparation for and during the national selection regattas: a pilot study on the relation to on water performance
Authors: DeBlauw Justin A. , Stein Jesse A. , Blackman Carolyn , Haas Melissa , Makle Seraya , Echevarria Isis , Edmonds Rohan , Ives Stephen J. 
Published: August 2023

Elite athletes require a delicate balance of physiological and psychological stress and recovery—essential for achieving optimal performance. Monitoring heart rate variability (HRV) provides a non-invasive estimation of both physiological and psychological stress levels, offering potentially valuable insights into health, performance, and adaptability. Previous studies, primarily conducted on male participants, have shown an association between HRV and performance in the context of rowing training. However, given the rigorous nature of rowing training, it is crucial to investigate HRV in elite rowers, particularly during the U.S. national selection regattas (NSR).PurposeTo comprehensively analyze elite female rowers, evaluating acute changes in HRV and subjective psychometrics during the NSR.MethodsFive elite female rowers (26 ± 2 years, 180 ± 8 cm, 82 ± 8 kg, 19 ± 6%fat) were recruited and tracked prior to and during NSR I and II. Morning HRV measures were completed using photoplethysmography (HRV4training) along with self-reported levels of fatigue, soreness, rating of perceived exertion, mentally energy and physical condition.ResultsSignificant decreases were observed in log transformed root-mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD;p = 0.0014) and fatigue (p = 0.01) from pre-to-during NSR, while mental energy (p = 0.01), physical condition (p = 0.01), and motivation (p = 0.006) significantly increased. These psychometric measures returned to pre-NSR levels, at post-NSR (allp &lt; 0.05), though HRV remained slightly suppressed. NSR on-water performance was not correlated to LnRMSSD or the change in LnRMSSD (p &gt; 0.05).DiscussionHRV and psychometric measures are sensitive to the stress of elite rowing competition in females. However, HRV was not associated with on-water rowing performance during an elite rowing competition.
Search for Weak Side Branches in the Electromagnetic Decay Paths of the 6526-keV 10+ Isomer in 54Fe
Authors: Böhm Paul , Hrabar Yuliia , Rudolph Dirk , Golubev Pavel , Sarmiento Luis G. , Albers Helena M. , Anderson John T. , Bentley Michael A. , Carpenter Michael P. , Chiara Christopher J. , Copp Patrick A. , Forsberg Ulrika , Huang Tianheng , Jayatissa Heshani , Lauritsen Torben , Müller-Gatermann Claus , Pereira-Lopez Xesus , Reviol Walter , Seweryniak Darek , Stolze Sanna , Uthayakumaar Sivahami , Wilson Gemma L. , Wu Jin 
Published: August 2023

High-spin nuclear isomers in N≈Z nuclei between doubly magic 40Ca and 56Ni provide an excellent testing ground for the nuclear shell model and questions related to isospin symmetry breaking in the vicinity of the proton drip line. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the possibility of weak electromagnetic decay branches along the decay paths of the 6526-keV 10+ isomer in 54Fe. The isomer was strongly populated by means of the fusion-evaporation reaction 24Mg(36Ar,α2p)54mFe. The Gammasphere array was used to detect γ-ray cascades emitted from the isomeric state. By means of γγγ coincidences, weak non-yrast decay branches can be discriminated, with the isomer’s half-life confirmed at T1/2=363(4) ns. The yrast 61+→21+ E4 cross-over transition was interrogated. The observations are compared with shell-model calculations.
Genome-Wide and 16S rRNA Sequencing-Based Analysis on the Health Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei XLK401 on Chicks
Authors: Kang Xin , Li Xin-Dong , Zhou Huan-Yu , Wang Feng , Lin Lian-Bing 
Published: August 2023

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, serves as a growth promoter used in the poultry industry, contributeing to broiler development. However, practical studies are needed to determine the probiotic potential and growth-promoting effects of specific L. paracasei strains. This study aims to determine whether L. paracasei XLK401 influences broiler chicken growth and the mechanisms involved. Notably, we identified several bile salt and acid tolerance-related genes (Asp23, atpD, atpA, atpH, and atpF) in L. paracasei XLK401. This bacterium demonstrates robust probiotic properties under acidic conditions (pH 2.0) and 0.3% bile salt conditions. It also contains a variety of antioxidant-related genes (trxA, trxB, and tpx), carbohydrate-related genes, gene-encoding glycosidases (e.g., GH and GT), and three clusters of genes associated with antimicrobial compounds. Supplementation with L. paracasei XLK401 significantly increased the body weight of the chicks. In addition, it significantly increased hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC) while significantly decreasing the levels of oxidative damage factors and inflammatory factors (MDA and IL-6), resulting in improved chick health. Improvements in body weight and health status were associated with significant increases in α-amylase activity and the remodeling of the host gut microbiota by L. paracasei XLK401. Among them, actinobacteria abundance in chicken intestines after feeding them L. paracasei XLK401 was significantly decreased, Bifidobacterium sp. abundance was also significantly decreased, and Subdoligranulum sp. abundance was significantly increased. This suggests that L. paracasei XLK401 can regulate the abundance of certain bacteria without changing the overall microbial structure. In addition, in the correlation analysis, Subdoligranulums sp. were positively correlated with SOD and negatively correlated with IL-1β and MDA. Overall, our study demonstrates that L. paracasei XLK401 effectively promotes healthy chick growth. This is made possible by the modulation of gut microbe abundance and the underlying probiotic effect of L. paracasei XLK401. Based on these findings, we postulate L. paracasei XLK401 as a potential efficient growth promoter in broiler farming.
Synthesis of Tricyclic Pterolobirin H Analogue: Evaluation of Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Molecular Docking Investigations
Authors: Zentar Houda , Jannus Fatin , Medina-O’Donnell Marta , El Mansouri Az-eddine , Fernández Antonio , Justicia José , Alvarez-Manzaneda Enrique , Reyes-Zurita Fernando J. , Chahboun Rachid 
Published: August 2023

Pterolobirin H (3), a cassane diterpene isolated from the roots of Pterolobium macropterum, exhibits important anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, its relatively complex tetracyclic structure makes it difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis, thus limiting the studies of its biological activities. Therefore, we present here a short route to obtain a rational simplification of pterolobirin H (3) and some intermediates. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. All compounds showed potent inhibition of NO production, with percentages between 54 to 100% at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. The highest anti-inflammatory effect was shown for compounds 15 and 16. The simplified analog 16 revealed potential NO inhibition properties, being 2.34 higher than that of natural cassane pterolobirin H (3). On the other hand, hydroxyphenol 15 was also demonstrated to be the strongest NO inhibitor in RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC50 NO = 0.62 ± 0.21 μg/mL), with an IC50NO value 28.3 times lower than that of pterolobirin H (3). Moreover, the anticancer potential of these compounds was evaluated in three cancer cell lines: HT29 colon cancer cells, Hep-G2 hepatoma cells, and B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. Intermediate 15 was the most active against all the selected tumor cell lines. Compound 15 revealed the highest cytotoxic effect with the lowest IC50 value (IC50 = 2.45 ± 0.29 μg/mL in HT29 cells) and displayed an important apoptotic effect through an extrinsic pathway, as evidenced in the flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the Hoechst staining assay showed that analog 15 triggered morphological changes, including nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation, in treated HT29 cells. Finally, the in silico studies demonstrated that cassane analogs exhibit promising binding affinities and docking performance with iNOS and caspase 8, which confirms the obtained experimental results.
Species-Specific Responses to Human Trampling Indicate Alpine Plant Size Is More Sensitive than Reproduction to Disturbance
Authors: Chardon Nathalie Isabelle , Stone Philippa , Hilbert Carly , Maclachlan Teagan , Ragsdale Brianna , Zhao Allen , Goodwin Katie , Collins Courtney G. , Hewitt Nina , Elphinstone Cassandra 
Published: August 2023

Human disturbance, such as trampling, is an integral component of global change, yet we lack a comprehensive understanding of its effects on alpine ecosystems. Many alpine systems are seeing a rapid increase in recreation and in understudied regions, such as the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, yet disturbance impacts on alpine plants remain unclear. We surveyed disturbed (trail-side) and undisturbed (off-trail) transects along elevational gradients of popular hiking trails in the T’ak’t’ak’múy’in tl’a In’inyáxa7n region (Garibaldi Provincial Park), Canada, focusing on dominant shrubs (Phyllodoce empetriformis, Cassiope mertensiana, Vaccinium ovalifolium) and graminoids (Carex spp). We used a hierarchical Bayesian framework to test for disturbance by elevation effects on total plant percent cover, maximum plant height and diameter (growth proxies), and buds, flowers, and fruits (reproduction proxies). We found that trampling reduces plant cover and impacts all species, but that effects vary by species and trait, and disturbance effects only vary with elevation for one species’ trait. Growth traits are more sensitive to trampling than reproductive traits, which may lead to differential impacts on population persistence and species-level fitness outcomes. Our study highlights that disturbance responses are species-specific, and this knowledge can help land managers minimize disturbance impacts on sensitive vegetation types.
A New Integral Sliding Mode Control for Hydraulic Turbine Governing Systems Based on Nonlinear Disturbance Observer Compensation
Authors: Yang Qi , Qian Jing , Li Jia , Zou Yidong , Tian Danning , Zeng Yun , Long Yan , Zhang Ganyuan 
Published: August 2023

To address the problem that the hydraulic turbine governing system (HTGS) exhibits poor anti-disturbance ability and instability phenomena under traditional PID control, an improved new integral sliding mode control strategy based on a nonlinear disturbance observer (NISMC-NDO) is designed for the HTGS. This study first establishes a nonlinear mathematical model of HTGS and analyzes its dynamic characteristics. The uncertain disturbances of the system are then accurately estimated using a disturbance observer, and a suitable nonlinear gain function is designed to achieve feedforward compensation of the controller by ensuring that the disturbance observation error converges. To design the controller, a proportional-integral sliding mode surface is selected, and the sliding mode exponential convergence law is improved by using the nonlinear power combination function fal instead of sign or sat. This improves the system’s stability, convergence speed, and tracking accuracy. The simulation results demonstrate that the equilibrium point can be quickly reached and stabilized by the HTGS with chaotic phenomena under the influence of NISMC-NDO. Furthermore, this paper also verifies that the designed controller has good dynamic performance. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference for optimizing the operation of hydraulic turbine regulation systems in control applications.
Spatial-Temporal Statistical Analysis of Training of Personnel with Higher Education in the Constituent Entities of the Volga Federal District
Authors: Afanas’ev V. N. , Lebedeva T. V. 
Published: August 2023

The study aims at a comprehensive, spatial-temporal assessment, based on regional statistics, of the intensity of development of higher education in the Volga Federal District (VFD) concerning the economic and demographic characteristics of the constituent entities of the VFD.The paper presents the results of a statistical analysis of key indicators of training of personnel with higher education in the constituent entities of the VFD. It also explains the influence of sectoral characteristics of regional economies on the structure of university graduates by areas of training and specialties. The authors argue that there are significant imbalances and negative trends in the dynamics of the main indicators of training of personnel with higher education in the constituent entities of the VFD. If the current trends continue, by 2024, in the VFD regions the indicators of the number of students in education programs for bachelor, specialist, and master per 10 000 population and the number of graduated bachelors, specialists, and masters per 10 000 population are expected to decrease by 36–58% compared to the level of 2015.The article emphasizes the features identified based on inter-regional comparative analysis in the system of fields of training and special- ties of higher education in constituent entities of the VFD, due to the transformation in the economic sphere, do not adequately correspond to the existing sectoral structure of the regional economy.According to the authors, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, to a large extent, will depend on a substantial increase in the regional capacity of higher education in each of the constituent entities of the VFD.