bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Apps for Medical Image Analysis using pyCERR and Cancer Genomics Cloud
Authors: Apte Aditya P. , LoCastro Eve , Iyer Aditi , Elguindi Sharif , Jiang Jue , Oh Jung Hun , Veeraraghavan Harini , Shukla-Dave Amita , Deasy Joseph O. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis work introduces a user-friendly, cloud-based software framework for conducting Artificial Intelligence (AI) analyses of medical images. The framework allows users to deploy AI-based workflows by customizing software and hardware dependencies. The components of our software framework include the Python-native Computational Environment for Radiological Research (pyCERR) platform for radiological image processing, Cancer Genomics Cloud (CGC) for accessing hardware resources and user management utilities for accessing images from data repositories and installing AI models and their dependencies. GNU-GPL copyright pyCERR was ported to Python from MATLAB-based CERR to enable researchers to organize, access, and transform metadata from high dimensional, multi-modal datasets to build cloud-compatible workflows for AI modeling in radiation therapy and medical image analysis. pyCERR provides an extensible data structure to accommodate metadata from commonly used medical imaging file formats and a viewer to allow for multi-modal visualization. Analysis modules are provided to facilitate cloud-compatible AI-based workflows for image segmentation, radiomics, DCE MRI analysis, radiotherapy dose-volume histogram-based features, and normal tissue complication and tumor control models for radiotherapy. Image processing utilities are provided to help train and infer convolutional neural network-based models for image segmentation, registration and transformation. The framework allows for round-trip analysis of imaging data, enabling users to apply AI models to their images on CGC and retrieve and review results on their local machine without requiring local installation of specialized software or GPU hardware. The deployed AI models can be accessed using APIs provided by CGC, enabling their use in a variety of programming languages. In summary, the presented framework facilitates end-to-end radiological image analysis and reproducible research, including pulling data from sources, training or inferring from an AI model, utilities for data management, visualization, and simplified access to image metadata.
Human milk oligosaccharide metabolism byClostridiumspecies suppresses inflammation and pathogen growth
Authors: Chapman Jonathan A. , Masi Andrea C. , Beck Lauren C. , Watson Hannah , Young Gregory R. , Browne Hilary P. , Shao Yan , Kiu Raymond , Nelson Andrew , Doyle Jennifer A. , Palmowski Pawel , Lengyel Márton , Connolly James P. R. , Lamb Christopher A. , Porter Andrew , Lawley Trevor D. , Hall Lindsay J. , Embleton Nicholas D. , Perry John D. , Berrington Janet E. , Stewart Christopher J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGut microbiome development is strongly impacted by breastmilk and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), with short- and long-term health implications. HMO metabolism is best characterised within bifidobacteria, but the full range of other HMO-utilising species remains unknown. This study examined HMO-utilising bacteria that colonise preterm infants (born <32 weeks’ gestation), their role in microbiome modulation, and their effects on intestinal barrier function. We found that infant-derivedClostridium perfringens, and three otherClostridiumspecies, metabolise HMOs, producing short chain fatty acids, tryptophan catabolites, and other metabolites known to improve host health.C. perfringensinhibited pathobiont growth and supressed inflammation in preterm-derived intestinal organoids. These findings suggest a previously unrecognised role forC. perfringens, specifically those lacking the perfringolysin O gene, in promoting healthy gut development during infancy.
Dual balanced readout for scattered light noise mitigation in Michelson interferometers
Authors: Lohde André , Voigt Daniel , Gerberding Oliver 
Published: January 2025

Ground-based gravitational wave detectors use laser interferometry to detect the minuscule distance change between test masses caused by gravitational waves. Stray light that scatters back into the interferometer causes transient signals that can cover the same frequency range as a potential gravitational wave signal. This scattered light noise is a potentially limiting factor in current and future detectors thus making it relevant to find new ways to mitigate it. Here, we demonstrate experimentally a technique for the subtraction of scattered light noise from the displacement readout of a Michelson interferometer. It is based on using a balanced homodyne detector at both the symmetric and the antisymmetric port. While we have been able to demonstrate a noise reduction of 13.2 dB, the readout scheme seems to be only limited by the associated noise couplings, i.e., shot noise and the coupling of laser noise. We also discuss challenges for using the dual balanced homodyne detection scheme in more complex interferometer topologies, which could lead to improvements in scattered light noise mitigation of gravitational wave detectors.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
5σ
tension between
Planck
cosmic microwave background and eBOSS Lyman-alpha forest and constraints on physics beyond
ΛCDM
Authors: Rogers Keir K. , Poulin Vivian 
Published: January 2025

We find that combined cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, and supernovae data analyzed under Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) are in 4.9σ tension with the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Lyα forest in inference of the linear matter power spectrum at wave number ∼1hMpc−1 and redshift = 3. Model extensions can alleviate this tension: running in the tilt of the primordial power spectrum (αs∼−0.01); a fraction ∼(1−5)% of ultralight axion dark matter (DM) with particle mass ∼10−25 eV or warm DM with mass ∼10 eV. The new Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument survey, coupled with high-accuracy modeling, will help distinguish the source of this discrepancy.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
The impact of using tax havens on classification shifting: evidence from public and private UK firms
Authors: Abdelrahman Mahmoud , Hemmings Danial , Jaafar Aziz 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis paper empirically examines how tax haven use affects classification shifting by public and private UK firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct multivariate regression analyses of classification shifting on proxies of tax haven use for a broad sample of UK non-financial public and private firms from 2010 to 2018. An array of additional tests is conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings.FindingsFirms using tax havens engage in more classification shifting relative to those that do not. The result is concentrated for public firms. While private firms’ classification shifting is generally pronounced, it appears unaffected by tax haven use. The findings suggest that the use of tax havens facilitates public firms’ classification shifting due to the lower institutional environment quality of these jurisdictions. In addition, classification shifting may be a less costly earnings management device for public firms using tax havens due to their political sensitivity.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the need for regulatory intervention to constrain classification shifting, especially when firms use tax havens. It also calls for further scrutiny by auditors and financial analysts on the classification of income statement items.Originality/valueWhile prior research focuses on accrual and real earnings management by public firms, this study investigates the consequences of using tax havens on classification shifting, a largely underexplored but heavily exploited earnings management strategy. Differences between public and private firms are also tested. Overall, this study offers an advanced understanding of how a firm’s institutional and political environments influence its financial reporting.
The role of creative entrepreneurs in developing your business
Authors: Galvão Anderson R. , Marques Carla , Monteiro Carolina , Mascarenhas Carla 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This study aims to understand the role of the creative entrepreneur in the development of his business.

Design/methodology/approach
For the development of this study, primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five creative entrepreneurs in the Douro region. To triangulate the information, interviews were also carried out with four heads of local institutions, namely, a university, two municipalities and a business incubator.

Findings
The results obtained suggest that creative entrepreneurs play an important role in the development of their business, since creativity and innovation are fundamental for the sustainability of their business. However, the results suggest that the main difficulties experienced by this type of entrepreneurs are related to poor knowledge and interest in management. As a rule, poor management knowledge leads to the emergence of several obstacles, related to sales, stocks, production costs and bureaucracy.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the existing literature by providing new insights into the main difficulties of creative entrepreneurs, how they overcome these obstacles.

Practical implications
The results obtained provide important information for policymakers. The creation of management training programs and cooperation incentives can be important for the growth and development of this type of company. In addition, it shows that it is necessary to create specific policies to encourage and support creative entrepreneurs, since they have different specifications than most entrepreneurs.

Originality/value
This study provides empirical evidence on the ability to explore the intersection between individual entrepreneur creativity and business success. Furthermore, this study demonstrates: i) how your creative entrepreneur management knowledge affects your business; ii) the main difficulties of this type of entrepreneurs; iii) how they have overcome these difficulties; iv) how creative entrepreneurs cooperate with each other.
Heat‐Evolved Microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae) Are Stable Symbionts and Influence Thermal Tolerance of the Sea Anemone Exaiptasia diaphana
Authors: Chan Wing Yan , Sakamoto Rumi , Doering Talisa , Narayana Vinod K. , De Souza David P. , McConville Malcolm J. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSymbiotic cnidarians, such as sea anemones and corals, rely on their mutualistic microalgal partners (Symbiodiniaceae) for survival. Marine heatwaves can disrupt this partnership, and it has been proposed that introducing experimentally evolved, heat‐tolerant algal symbionts could enhance host thermotolerance. To test this hypothesis, the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (a coral model) was inoculated with either the heterologous wild type or heat‐evolved algal symbiont, Cladocopium proliferum, and homologous wild‐type Breviolum minutum. The novel symbioses persisted for 1.5 years and determined holobiont thermotolerance during a simulated summer heatwave. Anemones hosting SS8, one of the six heat‐evolved strains tested, exhibited the highest thermotolerance. Notably, anemones hosting the wild‐type C. proliferum (WT10) were the second most thermally tolerant group, whereas anemones hosting the heat‐evolved SS5 or SS9 strains were among the most thermosensitive. Elevated temperatures led to an increase in the levels of many amino acids and a decrease in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolites in all anemone hosts, potentially indicating an increase in autophagy and a reduction in energy and storage production. Some consistent differences were observed in changes in metabolite levels between anemone groups in response to elevated temperature, suggesting that the algal symbiont influenced host metabolome and nutritional budget.
Exploring the genetic and morphological diversity of Pantala flavescens across different south Korean river basins
Authors: Park Da Som , Lee Dohee , Park Woong‐Bae , Lee Ji‐Eun , Kim Jun‐Sung , Park Si‐Ae , Moon Jeong Chan , Park Jun‐Kyu , Do Yuno 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPantala flavescens, commonly referred to as the globe skimmer or wandering glider, are migratory dragonflies that are distributed around the world whose genetic diversities and population structures have not been defined in South Korea. Thus, we explored the genetic diversities, population structures, and morphological adaptations of P. flavescens along four main river basins in South Korea. In the present study, we carried out landmark morphometric analysis, microsatellite genotyping, and haplotype network analysis to gain insight into the morphological divergence, genetic diversity, and evolutionary dynamics of the P. flavescens populations from four different river basins. Microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes revealed moderate genetic diversity and significant gene flow among populations, showing minimal geographic differentiation; hence, this points toward a capacity for extensive gene exchange in this species. Wing morphometrical analysis showed clear morphological differences among populations. However, the fact that there is a lack of correlation between morphological differences and geographic distance argues against pure local environmental pressures driving wing morphology. Based on the global genetic connectivity observed using the haplotype network, P. flavescens represents a model organism to investigate the evolutionary consequences of migration over broad geographic scales. These findings have given important insights into mechanisms maintaining genetic diversity and adaptability in P. flavescens and provided valuable guidance for the conservation of migratory species under rapidly changing environmental conditions.
Pleistocene Refugia Inferred from Molecular Evidence in a Forest‐Dwelling Harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) Support a Biogeographic Split in Subtropical Argentina
Authors: Vaschetto Luis M. , Acosta Luis E. , Vergara Julia , González‐Ittig Raúl E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the population genetic structure of the forest‐dwelling gonyleptid Geraeocormobius sylvarum (Arachnida, Opiliones). Phylogeographic analyses using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) were conducted on 186 individuals from 43 localities in Argentina and Paraguay, arranged into nine operational sectors and defined upon geographic and vegetation features. Given the current environmental uniformity, it was aimed to assess whether molecular fingerprints of G. sylvarum correlate with Pleistocene fragmentation events, inferred through forest contraction/expansion cycles. The network of 87 haplotypes displayed an unstructured pattern; 75 were found in unique localities (54 on single individuals), with most haplotypes restricted to a single operational sector. The calibrated phylogenetic tree revealed significant admixture, with each clade mainly related to one operational sector. Results suggest multiple fragmentation events; most COI diversity arose in the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene; recent and relict lineages coexist at a few sites. Banks of major rivers (Paraná and Uruguay) in Misiones Province may have served as main refuge areas, with dispersal within each basin being frequent but sporadic across the watershed divide, keeping basins separated for long periods. The split of the Misiones opiliogeographical area into two sectors corresponding to the major basins is proposed.
The Significance of Mono‐ and Dual‐Effective Agents in the Development of New Antifungal Strategies
Authors: Zobi Cengiz , Algul Oztekin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInvasive fungal infections (IFIs) pose significant challenges in clinical settings, particularly due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. The rising incidence of these infections, coupled with increasing antifungal resistance, underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Current antifungal drugs target the fungal cell membrane, cell wall, or intracellular components, but resistance mechanisms such as altered drug‐target interactions, enhanced efflux, and adaptive cellular responses have diminished their efficacy. Recent research has highlighted the potential of dual inhibitors that simultaneously target multiple pathways or enzymes involved in fungal growth and survival. Combining pharmacophores, such as lanosterol 14α‐demethylase (CYP51), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and squalene epoxidase (SE) inhibitors, has led to the development of compounds with enhanced antifungal activity and reduced resistance. This dual‐target approach, along with novel chemical scaffolds, not only represents a promising strategy for combating antifungal resistance but is also being utilized in the development of anticancer agents. This review explores the development of new antifungal agents that employ mono‐, dual‐, or multi‐target strategies to combat IFIs. We discuss emerging antifungal targets, resistance mechanisms, and innovative therapeutic approaches that offer hope in managing these challenging infections.
Deep Learning Aided SID in Near‐Field Power Internet of Things Networks With Hybrid Recommendation Algorithm
Authors: Chen Chuangang , Wu Qiang , Wang Hangao , Chen Jing 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the realm of power Internet of Things (IoT) networks, secure inspection detection (SID) is paramount for maintaining system integrity and security. This paper presents a novel framework that leverages deep learning‐based semi‐autoencoders in conjunction with a hybrid recommendation algorithm to enhance SID tasks. Our proposed method utilizes the deep learning‐based semi‐autoencoder to effectively capture and learn complex patterns from high‐dimensional power IoT data, facilitating the identification of anomalies indicative of potential security threats. The hybrid recommendation algorithm, which combines collaborative filtering and content‐based filtering, further refines the detection process by cross‐verifying the identified anomalies with historical data and contextual information, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the SID tasks. Through extensive simulations and practical data evaluations, our proposed framework demonstrates superior performance over conventional methods, achieving higher detection accuracy. In particular, the detection accuracy of the proposed scheme is more than 20% higher than that of the competing schemes.
Diverged Populations Admixture Bolsters Genetic Diversity of a New Island Dibbler (Parantechinus apicalis) Population, but Does Not Prevent Subsequent Loss of Genetic Variation
Authors: Thavornkanlapachai Rujiporn , Mills Harriet R. , Ottewell Kym , Lambert Cathy , Friend J. Anthony , White Daniel J. , Aisya Zahra , Kennington W. Jason 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTranslocating individuals from multiple source populations is one way to bolster genetic variation and avoid inbreeding in newly established populations. However, mixing isolated populations, especially from islands, can potentially lead to outbreeding depression and/or assortative mating, which may limit interbreeding between source populations. Here, we investigated genetic consequences of mixing individuals from two island populations of the dibbler (Parantechinus apicalis) in an island translocation. Despite a high level of genetic divergence between the source populations (FST ranges 0.33–0.64), and significant differences in body size, individuals with different ancestries were able to successfully interbreed in captivity and in the wild. However, the genetic contributions from each source population were unequal initially despite each of the source populations contributing an equal number of founders. Mating success of captive animals based on the pedigree suggests that this bias toward one source population was due to founder mortality and the mating success of younger and heavier animals. Nevertheless, genetic contributions in the translocated population became equal over time with no parental purebreds, suggesting an extreme excess of hybrids across multiple years. While genetic variation in the translocated population was comparable or higher than the source populations, the increase was short‐lived. Genetic composition of captive animals may not reflect what happens in the wild. These changes post‐translocation highlight the need for continued genetic monitoring.
Drought‐Induced Weakening of Temperature Control on Ecosystem Carbon Uptake Across Northern Lands
Authors: Wu Haohao , Fu Congsheng , Yu Kailiang , Ciais Philippe , Ballantyne Ashley , Liu Zhihua , Rogers Brendan M. , Piao Shilong , Chen Yizhao , Zhang Lingling , Wu Huawu , Fan Xingwang , Chen Jianyao , Yang Guishan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRapid warming in northern lands has led to increased ecosystem carbon uptake. It remains unclear, however, whether and how the beneficial effects of warming on carbon uptake will continue with climate change. Moreover, the role played by water stress in temperature control on ecosystem carbon uptake remains highly uncertain. Here, we systematically explored the trend in the temperature control on gross primary production (measured by “SGPP‐TAS”) across northern lands (> 15°N) using a standardized multiple regression approach by controlling other covarying factors. We estimated SGPP‐TAS using three types of GPP datasets: four satellite‐derived GPP datasets, FLUXNET tower observed GPP datasets, and GPP outputs from nine CMIP6 models. Our analysis revealed a significant positive‐to‐negative transition around the year 2000 in the trend of SGPP‐TAS. This transition was primarily driven by synchronized changes in soil water content over time and space. The SGPP‐TAS trend transition covered about 32% of northern lands, especially in grasslands and coniferous forests where leaf water mediation and structural overshoot accelerated the drought‐induced transition, respectively. In the future, widespread negative SGPP‐TAS trends are projected in northern lands corresponding with decreasing soil water availability. These findings highlight the shrinking temperature control on northern land carbon uptake in a warmer and drier climate.