bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children and adolescents’ positive youth development qualities and internet addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study in China
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Hong Binxue , Zhang Yanyan , Su Ya , Li Minghui , Zhao Li , Jia Peng 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundsRecent studies have shown that the qualities of children and adolescents’ positive youth development (PYD) enable them to cope with developmental challenges in an adaptive manner and maintain healthy functioning. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still a lack of reporting on changes in children and adolescents’ PYD qualities and Internet addiction and their relationship. This study investigated the association between PYD qualities and Internet addiction among the children and adolescents who have experienced the COVID-19 lockdown.MethodsA school-based cohort survey was launched in December 2019 (Wave 1, before COVID-19 lockdown) and followed up in June 2020 (Wave 2, after COVID-19 lockdown). The Chinese PYD scale (80 items, scoring 80–480) and Young’s Internet addiction test (20 items, scoring 20–100) were used to evaluate the children and adolescents’ PYD qualities and the degree of their Internet addiction, respectively. Cross-sectional regressions, longitudinal regressions, and cross-lagged panel model were used to examine the association between PYD qualities and Internet addiction.Results7,985 children and adolescents completed both waves of surveys. Compared with children and adolescents before lockdown (Wave 1), their total PYD quality dropped from 4.99 to 4.96 after COVID-19 lockdown (Wave 2), and the mean score for Internet addiction rose from 35.56 to 36.16. Cross-sectional analysis showed that after controlling for basic characteristics such as age and gender, the total PYD quality of children and adolescents in two waves was negatively correlated with the degree of Internet addiction during the same period, with β of −6.10 and −6.95, respectively. Longitudinal analysis showed that after controlling for basic characteristics, children and adolescents’ total PYD quality in Wave 1 was negatively correlated with the Wave 2 of Internet addiction and the change between the two waves of Internet addiction, with β of −3.35 and −0.26, respectively. Cross-lagged panel models showed a negative bilateral relationship between total PYD quality and Internet addiction.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the qualities of children and adolescents’ PYD declined, which makes children and adolescents more vulnerable to Internet addiction. Therefore, it is necessary to widely implement programs in China that can comprehensively improve the qualities of children and adolescents’ positive development to prevent Internet addiction, especially after the blockade due to public health emergencies.
Imaging oxidative stress in brains of chronic methamphetamine users: A combined 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and peripheral blood biomarker study
Authors: Watling Sarah E. , Jagasar Samantha , McCluskey Tina , Warsh Jerry , Rhind Shawn G. , Truong Peter , Chavez Sofia , Houle Sylvain , Tong Junchao , Kish Stephen J. , Boileau Isabelle 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPreclinical data suggest methamphetamine (MA), a widely used stimulant drug, can harm the brain by causing oxidative stress and inflammation, but only limited information is available in humans. We tested the hypothesis that levels of glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, would be lower in the brains of chronic human MA preferring polysubstance users. We also explored if concentrations of peripheral immunoinflammatory blood biomarkers were related with brain GSH concentrations.Methods20 healthy controls (HC) (33 years; 11 M) and 14 MA users (40 years; 9 M) completed a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scan, with GSH spectra obtained by the interleaved J-difference editing MEGA-PRESS method in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Peripheral blood samples were drawn for measurements of immunoinflammatory biomarkers. Independent samples t-tests evaluated MA vs. HC differences in GSH.ResultsGSH levels did not differ between HC and MA users (ACC p = 0.30; DLPFC p = 0.85). A total of 17 of 25 immunoinflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated in MA users and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (r = 0.577, p = 0.039), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (r = –0.556, p = 0.049), and MMP-9 (r = 0.660, p = 0.038) were correlated with brain levels of GSH.ConclusionNormal brain GSH in living brain of chronic MA users is consistent with our previous postmortem brain finding and suggests that any oxidative stress caused by MA, at the doses used by our participants, might not be sufficient to cause either a compensatory increase in, or substantial overutilization of, this antioxidant. Additionally, more research is required to understand how oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are related and potentially dysregulated in MA use.
Does self-medication reduce medical expenditure among the middle-aged and elderly population? A four-wave longitudinal study in China
Authors: Zheng Zehao , Feng Zhanchun , Zhang Donglan , Sun Xiaobo , Dong Dong , Luo Youxi , Feng Da 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSelf-medication has a high prevalence in the middle-aged and elderly population in China. Despite the published evidence demonstrating the economic benefits of self-medication, limited research has addressed the relationship between self-medication and individual medical expenditures, especially within the Chinese population. This study examined the effect of self-medication on individual medical expenditures in China and analyzed the heterogeneity between outpatient and inpatient cases.MethodsWe conducted a panel data analysis using data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Two-part mixed-effect models were implemented to estimate the effect of self-medication on total outpatient and inpatient expenses and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, where mixed-effects logit regression was used as the first part, and generalized linear mixed models with log link and gamma distribution was used as the second part.ResultsWe identified 72,041 responses representing 24,641 individuals, of which 13,185 responses incurred outpatient expenses and 9,003 responses incurred inpatient costs. Controlling for all covariates, we found that self-medication behaviors were significantly associated with a higher probability of outpatient service utilization (OR = 1.250, 95% CI = 0.179 to 0.269; P &lt; 0.001), but displayed no significant association with outpatient expenses. Respondents who had taken self-medication were less likely to use inpatient services (OR = 0.865, 95% CI = −0.201 to −0.089; P &lt; 0.001), and their inpatient expenses were significantly reduced by 9.4% (P &lt; 0.001). Inpatient OOP costs were significantly reduced by 10.7% (P &lt; 0.001), and outpatient OOP costs were significantly increased by 11.3% (P &lt; 0.001) among respondents who had self-medicated.ConclusionsThis study allowed us to identify the economic value of self-medication among the middle-aged and elderly population in China. Future work should guide the middle-aged and elderly to take responsible self-medication to reduce their economic burden.
Using online social networks to provide a parental health-education intervention for preventing unintentional injuries among children aged 0–3 years: A randomized controlled trial and social network analysis in Shanghai, China
Authors: Feng Yuheng , Li Xiaohong , Ma Xueqi , Zhu Zhixu , Chen Kaiyue , Gao Jun , Xia Jingwei , Jiang Ruo , Lu Jun 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionUnintentional injury among children represents a major public health problem. Online-social-network-based parental-health-education is a potential way to reduce child unintentional injuries. The study aimed to explore the mechanisms by which online-social-network-based health education may reduce the unintentional injuries among children aged 0–3 years.MethodsWe conducted a participant-blinded, randomized controlled, online-social-network-based health-education intervention study from March 2019 to February 2020 in Shanghai. We established four WeChat groups (two intervention groups and two control groups). For the intervention groups, a doctor's assistant regularly delivered information regarding unintentional injuries among children, and community childcare doctors answered parents' questions concerning their children's health, including unintentional injuries. Meanwhile, the control groups did not receive any information from the assistant. The study selected one intervention group and one control group and compared the ego network and whole network indicators to determine the differences between the intervention and control groups.ResultsIn the intervention and control groups, 64.5% and 31.9% of the members, respectively, engaged in communication, and 1,736 and 273 records, respectively, were obtained. Regarding ego network, the doctor showed the largest network in the intervention group, and the size of the intervention group's network was twice that of the control group; the number of ties in the intervention group was nine times that of the control group. Fourteen and four parents in the intervention and control group played an active role, respectively. Regarding centrality, all WeChat groups were loose and multiple centers existed. Regarding subgroup cohesion, the intervention group had 28 cliques with 27 members, and the control group had 4 cliques with 4 members. For structural hole, 23.7% and 7.5% members in the intervention and control group actively participated in interactions, respectively, having strong control and influence over other parents; 69.2% and 59.1% members in the intervention and control group, respectively, had values of &lt; 1.000, showing that they had strong ability to cross-jump structural holes.DiscussionOnline-social-networks-based health education interventions could enhance communication among parents, and between parents and community childcare doctors, and also shorten the social distance between them. Thus, online-social-network-based parental-health-education-intervention can be a feasible and generalizable means of preventing unintentional injuries among children.
A cross-sectional study evaluating health-related quality of life of Chinese pediatric patients with hematological malignancies using EQ-5D-Y
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhou Hui-Jun , Shen Anle , Wu Bin , Wang Wei , Luo Nan , Wang Pei 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe study aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to estimate the health utility of pediatric patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) in China.MethodA cross-sectional study recruited a series of pediatric inpatients diagnosed with HM from November 2018 to May 2019 in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center. Subjects were interviewed to collect sociodemographic information about themselves and their guardians. The EQ-5D-Y was completed by each patient to rate their own HRQoL, which later derived the health utility. The health status was also assessed by clinicians following the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) system. Upon the descriptive analysis and univariate analysis, multivariate generalized linear models were built to explore the associations of risk factors with HRQoL measures of utility, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, and the five EQ-5D-Y domains.ResultsThe 96 subjects had a mean age of 10.5 years and included 62 (64.4%) boys. There were 46 (47.9%) and 25 (26.0%) children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, respectively. The means (SD) of utility and EQ-VAS scores were 0.88 (0.10) and 85.8 (15.1), respectively. Twenty-six (27.1%) patients were graded poor health by the ECOG standard (score 2/3). Both univariate and multivariate analyses found strong correlations between ECOG and HRQoL. After adjusting for covariates, poor ECOG score was significantly associated with an impaired utility and VAS of −0.103 and −8.65, respectively. With regard to individual HRQoL domains, worse ECOG was more likely to report health problems with an increased risk of 2.94 to 12.50; residence, income, guardians' education, and disease duration were also found to be significantly related to either the utility or certain health domains.ConclusionThe HRQoL of Chinese pediatric patients with HM is considered relatively poor and of great concern to healthcare. With the strong correlations between EQ-5D-Y-related HRQoL measures and the traditional clinical index ECOG, the EQ-5D-Y is able to provide valuable evidence for clinical decision-making at the individual level. At the same time, its health utility can inform resource allocation at a macro level.
A comparison of emotional wellbeing and burnout of primary care professionals in 2014 and 2021
Authors: Abad Alejandro , Fuentes Araceli , Paredes Eugeni , Godoy Sofia , Perera Sara , Yuguero Oriol 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundDue to the pandemic that started in February–March 2020 and after many years of economic restrictions suffered by our health system, the levels of stress, exhaustion and suffering among health workers has increased.ObjectiveOur study aims to perform a comparative analysis of the degree of burnout and emotional wellbeing among health professionals between 2014 and 2021.MethodsThis is a comparative descriptive study of two cohorts of primary care professionals of the Lleida health region (SPAIN). We have one cohort from 2014 and another from 2021 with the same selection criteria. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) test. Gender, age, professional category and work environment were also evaluated.ResultsWe obtained a response rate in 2014 of 52.7% (n = 267) and of 41.4% (n = 217) in 2021 with similar sociodemographic characteristics. There are significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) in the three categories of burnout. The high scores for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization have increased, rising between 2014 and 2021 from 23.2 to 60.8% and from 12.4 to 42.4%, respectively. However, there is also a significant increase in high personal accomplishment, rising from 9.0% in 2014 to 26.7%. We have also detected differences depending on age and professional role.ConclusionThis study shows worsening burnout levels of primary care professionals in our region, specifically emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. However, it also shows that during the pandemic, personal accomplishment was reinforced.
Racial inequality in COVID-treatment and in-hospital length of stay in the US over time
Authors: Althouse Benjamin M. , Baker Charlotte , Smits Peter D. , Gratzl Samuel , Lee Ryan H. , Goodwin Cartwright Brianna M. , Simonov Michael , Wang Michael D. , Stucky Nicholas L. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionDemonstrated health inequalities persist in the United States. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) has been no exception, with access to treatment and hospitalization differing across race or ethnic groups. Here, we aim to assess differences in treatment with remdesivir and hospital length of stay across the four waves of the pandemic.Materials and methodsUsing a subset of the Truveta data, we examine the odds ratio (OR) of in-hospital remdesivir treatment and risk ratio (RR) of in-hospital length of stay between Black or African American (Black) to White patients. We adjusted for confounding factors, such as age, sex, and comorbidity status.ResultsThere were statistically significant lower rates of remdesivir treatment and longer in-hospital length of stay comparing Black patients to White patients early in the pandemic (OR for treatment: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80, 0.96; RR for length of stay: 1.17, CI: 1.06, 1.21). Rates became close to parity between groups as the pandemic progressed.ConclusionWhile inpatient remdesivir treatment rates increased and length of stay decreased over the beginning course of the pandemic, there are still inequalities in patient care.
Multimorbidity patterns in South Africa: A latent class analysis
Authors: Roomaney Rifqah Abeeda , van Wyk Brian , Cois Annibale , Pillay van-Wyk Victoria 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSouth Africa has the largest burden of HIV worldwide and has a growing burden of non-communicable diseases; the combination of which may lead to diseases clustering in ways that are not seen in other regions. This study sought to identify common disease classes and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with each disease class.MethodsData were analyzed from the South African Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted using nine disease conditions. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with each disease cluster were explored. All analysis was conducted in Stata 15 and the LCA Stata plugin was used to conduct the latent class and regression analysis.ResultsMultimorbid participants were included (n = 2 368). Four disease classes were identified: (1) HIV, Hypertension and Anemia (comprising 39.4% of the multimorbid population), (2) Anemia and Hypertension (23.7%), (3) Cardiovascular-related (19.9%) and (4) Diabetes and Hypertension (17.0%). Age, sex, and lifestyle risk factors were associated with class membership. In terms of age, with older adults were less likely to belong to the first class (HIV, Hypertension and Anemia). Males were more likely to belong to Class 2 (Anemia and Hypertension) and Class 4 (Diabetes and Hypertension). In terms of alcohol consumption, those that consumed alcohol were less likely to belong to Class 4 (Diabetes and Hypertension). Current smokers were more likely to belong to Class 3 (Cardiovascular-related). People with a higher body mass index tended to belong to Class 3 (Cardiovascular-related) or the Class 4 (Diabetes and Hypertension).ConclusionThis study affirmed that integrated care is urgently needed, evidenced by the largest disease class being an overlap of chronic infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. This study also highlighted the need for hypertension to be addressed. Tackling the risk factors associated with hypertension could avert an epidemic of multimorbidity.
Drug fever induced by antibiotics of β-lactams in a patient after posterior cervical spine surgery—A case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Yunxiang , Han Jun , Gao Lin , Liu Sanmao , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2023

Drug fever is a febrile reaction that emerges temporarily with the administration of a drug or a variety of drugs and disappears after cessation of the targeting agent. There are a few previous reports about drug fever, but they pertain mainly to patients accompanied by no surgical intervention. Based on the literature reviewed, drug fever in patients after posterior cervical spine surgery has never been mentioned before; therefore, we present a 56-year-old man diagnosed with drug fever after posterior cervical spine surgery for traumatic cervical myelopathy. Fortunately, his body temperature rapidly came down in 2 days after discontinuing the antibiotics. He was discharged after two more days of observation, and the patient recovered well without any further complaints. Early diagnosis of drug fever may greatly reduce inappropriate and potentially detrimental diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. For patients with persistent fever, if it happened days after surgery, particularly when it is without any infectious evidence, then it is necessarily important to consider a possible reason of drug-induced fever.
Successful treatment of thoracic myelopathy caused by spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) combined with calcification of the ligamentum flavum (CLF) by posterior percutaneous endoscopic surgery (PPES): A case report
Authors: Lisheng Hou , Dong Zhang , Xuedong Bai , Jinglei Shi , Shaokui Nan , Tianjun Gao , Feng Ge , Qing He 
Published: January 2023

Study DesignA retrospective case report.ObjectiveTo report a case who developed deteriorated paraplegia by spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) based on calcification of the ligamentum flavum (CLF) at the T10–11 level, achieved full neurological recovery following posterior percutaneous endoscopic surgery (PPES).Summary of Background DataCLF rarely occurs at the thoracic spine, and the symptom usually progress slowly. SSEH is another rare spinal lesion that might progress rapidly and cause emergent severe spinal cord compression syndrome. Coexistence of SSEH and CLF at the same thoracic level was rarely reported in English literature.MethodsA 65-year-old man presented to our hospital with the complaint of sensorimotor loss on the lower limbs and dysfunction of bladder for 1 day after a progressive weakness and numbness of the lower limbs for 3 months. MR examination found a dorsal protruding mass at the T10–11 level, while computed tomography (CT) found the protruding mass contained scattered calcified deposits. The patient was diagnosed with thoracic CLF. Decompression via PPES was carried out to realize bilateral decompression through a unilateral approach.ResultsDuring the operation, the protruding mass was found to be composed of SSEH and CLF together. After the operation, the patient's neurological function recovered quickly. One week later, the patient could walk by himself. After 3 months, complete neurological function had recovered.ConclusionSSEH could develop based on CLF at thoracic level and cause serious neurological dysfunction. PPES might be an advisable method to remove CLF and evacuate SSEH with good clinical results.
scMODD: A model-driven algorithm for doublet identification in single-cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Zhao Xinye , Du Alexander , Qiu Peng 
Published: January 2023

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data often contain doublets, where a doublet manifests as 1 cell barcode that corresponds to combined gene expression of two or more cells. Existence of doublets can lead to spurious biological interpretations. Here, we present single-cell MOdel-driven Doublet Detection (scMODD), a model-driven algorithm to detect doublets in scRNA-seq data. ScMODD achieved similar performance compared to existing doublet detection algorithms which are primarily data-driven, showing the promise of model-driven approach for doublet detection. When implementing scMODD in simulated and real scRNA-seq data, we tested both the negative binomial (NB) model and the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model to serve as the underlying statistical model for scRNA-seq count data, and observed that incorporating zero inflation did not improve detection performance, suggesting that consideration of zero inflation is not necessary in the context of doublet detection in scRNA-seq.