bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standards for the development and methodology of the 2023 IWGDF guidelines
Authors: Bus Sicco A. , Monteiro‐Soares Matilde , Game Fran , van Netten Jaap J. , Apelqvist Jan , Fitridge Robert , Senneville Eric , Schaper Nicolaas C. ,   IWGDF Editorial Board
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsDiabetes‐related foot disease is a major source of patient burden and societal costs. Investing in evidence‐based international guidelines on diabetes‐related foot disease is important to reduce this burden and costs, provided the guidelines are focused on outcomes important to key stakeholders and are evidence‐based and properly implemented.Materials and MethodsThe International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has published and updated international guidelines since 1999. The 2023 updates were made using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation evidence‐to‐decision framework. This concerns formulating relevant clinical questions and important outcomes, conducting systematic reviews of the literature and meta‐analyses where appropriate, completing summary of judgement tables, and writing recommendations that are specific, unambiguous and actionable, along with their transparent rationale.ResultsWe herein describe the development of the 2023 IWGDF Guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetes‐related foot disease, which consists of seven chapters, each prepared by a separate working group of international experts. These chapters provide guidelines related to diabetes‐related foot disease on prevention; classification of diabetes‐related foot ulcer, offloading, peripheral artery disease, infection, wound healing interventions, and active Charcot neuro‐osteoarthropathy. Based on these seven guidelines, the IWGDF Editorial Board also produced a set of practical guidelines. Each guideline underwent extensive review by the members of the IWGDF Editorial Board as well as independent international experts in each field.ConclusionsWe believe that the adoption and implementation of the 2023 IWGDF guidelines by healthcare providers, public health agencies, and policymakers will improve the prevention and management of diabetes‐related foot disease, and subsequently reduce the worldwide patient and societal burden caused by this disease.
Microenvironmental signals shaping NK‐cell reactivity in cancer
Authors: Balzasch Bianca M. , Cerwenka Adelheid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the postulation of the “missing‐self” concept, much progress has been made in defining requirements for NK‐cell activation. Unlike T lymphocytes that process signals from receptors in a hierarchic manner dominated by the T‐cell receptors, NK cells integrate receptor signals more “democratically.” Signals originate not only the downstream of cell‐surface receptors triggered by membrane‐bound ligands or cytokines, but are also mediated by specialized microenvironmental sensors that perceive the cellular surrounding by detecting metabolites or the availability of oxygen. Thus, NK‐cell effector functions are driven in an organ and disease‐dependent manner. Here, we review the latest findings on how NK‐cell reactivity in cancer is determined by the reception and integration of complex signals. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge can be exploited to guide novel combinatorial approaches for NK‐cell‐based anticancer therapies.
Migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees: Different labels for immigrants influence attitudes through perceived benefits in nine countries
Authors: Graf Sylvie , Rubin Mark , Assilamehou‐Kunz Yvette , Bianchi Mauro , Carnaghi Andrea , Fasoli Fabio , Finell Eerika , Gustafsson Sendén Marie , Shamloo Soraya Elizabeth , Tocik Jaroslav , Lacko David , Sczesny Sabine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe world is witnessing the highest level of displacement of people on record. Public discourse often uses labels to describe people on the move such as ‘migrants’, ‘asylum seekers’, or ‘refugees’ interchangeably. A preregistered study in nine countries (Australia, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom; N = 2844) tested experimentally the effect of these three labels on attitudes towards immigrants and immigration policies. We found a significant difference between the label ‘migrant’ and both ‘asylum seeker’ and ‘refugee’ on the social distance scale. Participants were happier if migrants, rather than asylum seekers and refugees, were their neighbours, friends, or partners. The effect was mediated by perceived benefits, but not threats, whereby migrants were perceived to bring more benefits to receiving societies than asylum seekers and refugees. To increase the acceptance of immigrants, speakers may consider specifying the given group and emphasize benefits that immigrants bring to receiving societies.
An improved method for signal de‐noising based on multi‐level local mean decomposition
Authors: Tang Chao , Chen Heng , Jiang Yonghua , Jiao Weidong , Sun Jianfeng , Xu Cui , Wang Chen , Xia Haicheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe product functions (PFs) extracted by local mean decomposition (LMD) of the noisy signal contain obvious energy‐concentrated pulses. As a result, the conventional amplitude threshold filtering used in wavelet transform (WT)‐based and empirical mode decomposition (EMD)‐based de‐noising methods is no longer applicable. To address this issue, an improved signal de‐noising method is proposed by using the multi‐level local mean decomposition (ML‐LMD), the superposition and recombination (SR) of high‐order PFs, the outlier detection, and waveform smoothing (OD‐WS) to remove noise by eliminating the pulse components. The proposed method's superior noise reduction performance is demonstrated through theoretical analysis and experimental verification. Compared to well‐known methods like WT‐based and EMD‐based de‐noising, the results show that the proposed method has significant comparative advantages in reducing noise in rolling bearing signals.
Association between dietary niacin intake and cognitive function in the elderly: Evidence from NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Shen Xia , Yang Long , Liu Yuan Yuan , Jiang Lei , Huang Jian Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent studies have shown an inconsistent association between dietary niacin and cognitive function. And this remains unclear in the American outpatient population. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is an association between dietary niacin and cognitive performance in an older American population aged ≥60 years. A total of 2523 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were enrolled. Cognitive function was assessed by the CERAD Word Learning (CERAD‐WL) test, the CERAD Delayed Recall (CERAD‐DR) test, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Cognitive impairment that meets one of the four scoring conditions listed above is defined as low cognitive function. Dietary niacin intake was obtained from 2 days of a 24‐h recall questionnaire. Based on the quartiles of dietary niacin intake, they were divided into four groups: Q1 (<15.51 mg), Q2 (15.51–20.68 mg), Q3 (20.69–26.90 mg), and Q4 (>26.91 mg). The stability of the results was assessed using multifactorial logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, and sensitivity stratified analysis. More than half of the participants had cognitive impairment (52.52%). In the fully adjusted model, niacin was associated with a significantly reduced risk of cognitive impairment in Q3 and Q4 compared with the Q1 group (OR: 0.610, 95% CI: 0.403, 0.921, p = .022; OR: 0.592, 95% CI: 0.367, 0.954, p = .034). Meanwhile, niacin was negatively associated with poor cognition as assessed by the CERAD‐WL test, CERAD test, AFT, and DSST. An L‐shaped dose–response relationship between dietary niacin and cognitive function was observed in all participants (nonlinear p < .001). There were also interactions that existed in populations with different carbohydrate intakes and cholesterol intakes (p for interaction = .031, p for interaction = .005). These findings provide new evidence for the potential role of dietary niacin intake on cognitive function in the elderly.
Compulsory education reform and child mortality in Peru
Authors: Bui Thao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe government of Peru amended its constitution to increase compulsory education from six to 11 years in 1993. This constitutional amendment provides a natural experiment to investigate the impact of maternal education on child mortality. Exploiting differences in the reform exposure by age, I find that mothers who were exposed to the reform were less likely to experience the death of a child. There is also evidence that the reform caused a decline in infant mortality. These results are not driven by the age difference between mothers who were treated by the reform and those who were not treated. Additional analyses reveal that the reform increased age at first birth, decreased desired fertility, reduced smoking, and improved economic opportunities for women. The results demonstrate that compulsory schooling may be a useful policy tool to improve women's education, which can, in turn, enhance the survival of their children.
Multi‐level effects of human resource bundles on the performance of aging employees
Authors: Pahos Nikolaos , Galanaki Eleanna , van der Heijden Beatrice I. J. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPreviously, scholars have studied the need for implementing different human resource (HR) configurations that foster aging employees' outcomes, but there is a lack of evidence at the group level. Using the framework of Social Exchange Theory, coupled with the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation theory, we examine associations between bundles of HR practices, age (measured both as calendar age and proportion of an aging workforce), and performance, at both the individual and group levels. First, the outcomes of our multi‐level analysis show that bundles of maintenance‐enhancing HR practices are positively related to performance at both levels, whereas bundles of growth‐enhancing HR practices associate with performance only at the group level. Second, age relates positively to performance, both at the individual and group levels. At the group level, there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between the proportion of an aging workforce and group performance, such that a group's performance benefits from the participation of older employees up to a maximum proportion of 56%. Finally, age negatively moderates the association between growth‐enhancing HR bundles and performance at both the individual and group levels. Results highlight the value of older employees for working organizations, and the importance of adopting HR practices that consider maintenance and growth‐related needs across the life‐span, while also providing useful theoretical and practical implications for Human Resource Development scholars and professionals.
Mutational evolution after chemotherapy‐progression in metastatic colorectal cancer revealed by circulating tumor DNA analysis
Authors: Kim Sheehyun , Cha Yongjun , Lim Yoojoo , Roh Hanseong , Kang Jun‐Kyu , Lee Kyung‐Hun , Kim Min Jung , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung‐Bum , Kim Hwang‐Phill , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Han Sae‐Won , Kim Tae‐You 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEmerging new mutations after treatment can provide clues to acquired resistant mechanisms. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing has enabled noninvasive repeated tumor mutational profiling. We aimed to investigate newly emerging mutations in ctDNA after disease progression in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Blood samples were prospectively collected from mCRC patients receiving palliative chemotherapy before treatment and at radiological evaluations. ctDNA from pretreatment and progressive disease (PD) samples were sequenced with a next‐generation sequencing panel targeting 106 genes. A total of 712 samples from 326 patients were analyzed, and 381 pretreatment and PD pairs (163 first‐line, 85 second‐line and 133 later‐line [≥third‐line]) were compared. New mutations in PD samples (mean 2.75 mutations/sample) were observed in 49.6% (189/381) of treatments. ctDNA samples from later‐line had more baseline mutations (P = .002) and were more likely to have new PD mutations (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40‐3.69) compared to first‐line. RAS/BRAF wild‐type tumors were more likely to develop PD mutations (adjusted OR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.22‐2.87), independent of cetuximab treatment. The majority of new PD mutations (68.5%) were minor clones, suggesting an increasing clonal heterogeneity after treatment. Pathways involved by PD mutations differed by the treatment received: MAPK cascade (Gene Ontology [GO]: 0000165) in cetuximab and regulation of kinase activity (GO: 0043549) in regorafenib. The number of mutations revealed by ctDNA sequencing increased during disease progression in mCRC. Clonal heterogeneity increased after chemotherapy progression, and pathways involved were affected by chemotherapy regimens.
Synthesis and Chemiexcitation of a Distinct Chemiluminescent Luminophore based on a Curcumin Scaffold
Authors: Tannous Rozan , Gutkin Sara , Baran Phil S. , Shabat Doron 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNatural fluorogenic dyes are composed of unique molecular structures that could be harnessed for the design of new chemiluminescent luminophores. Here we demonstrated how to simply transform an emissive curcumin scaffold into a novel chemiluminescent luminophore. An appropriate bromo‐curcumin intermediate was synthesized as a substrate for a Stille cross‐coupling reaction with an adamantyl‐stannane reagent. This late‐stage functionalization afforded in one step a curcumin enolether precursor that can then be oxidized with singlet oxygen to produce a curcumin chemiluminescent luminophore. This curcumin dioxetane luminophore produced an intense light signal with an emission spectrum that correlates with its curcumin scaffold. This is the first example of a chemiluminescent luminophore that is based on the emissive nature of the curcumin molecular structure. We expect that the method described herein would be useful for the synthesis of new chemiluminescent luminophores by transforming other known emissive dyes into dioxetane precursors via the Stille cross‐coupling approach.
Physiological signal analysis in exercise fatigue detection application based on deep learning
Authors: Wang Yongzhi , Li Ruifang , Zhang Yunyun , Cui Chunhai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a physiological signal analysis method in exercise fatigue detection application based on deep learning models to provide fast and accurate feedback for the player's physical status and better assist the player to perform exercise. We adopt the deep neural network as backbone model and design following strategies in our proposed method to process and extract features in signals. First, we preprocess the physiological signal, including noise reduction and segmentation. Second, we use a deep learning model to design a feature extraction method, which uses an autoencoder to label and feature the signal. Third, we perform motion fatigue detection on the fused signal features based on a long short‐term memory network model. The results prove that the method proposed has good performance.
Data mining based network intrusion detection method in the environment of IoT
Authors: Wu Guihua , Xie Lijing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet technology, the network is becoming more and more important and strict. The IoT networks that access to a large number of devices make network intrusion more convenient. However, because the traditional network intrusion detection methods have the problems of low detection rate and high false alarm rate, this paper proposes a network intrusion detection method based on data mining. Firstly, a pre‐processing model is established to process the initial data. Then, according to the characteristics of network behavior, a new feature subset selection process is designed. Based on the above data mining and analysis process, a dynamic detection generation rule matching with data mining is set to detect abnormal network intrusion traffic. Then, the network intrusion detection based on data mining is completed. The experimental results show that, compared with other methods, the network intrusion detection method based on data mining has higher network intrusion detection rate and lower false alarm rate, which is helpful to improve the detection accuracy.
Reducing face touching through haptic feedback: A treatment evaluation against fomite‐mediated self‐infection
Authors: Virues‐Ortega Javier , Pérez‐Bustamante Pereira Agustín , Martin Neil , Moeyaert Mariola , Krause Peter A. , Tarifa‐Rodriguez Aida , Trujillo Carolina , Sivaraman Maithri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFomite‐mediated self‐infection via face touching is an understudied transmission pathway for infectious diseases. We evaluated the effect of computer‐mediated vibrotactile cues (presented through experimental bracelets located on one or both hands of the participant) on the frequency of face touching among eight healthy adults in the community. We conducted a treatment evaluation totaling over 25,000 min of video observation. The treatment was evaluated through a multiple‐treatment design and hierarchical linear modeling. The one‐bracelet intervention did not produce significantly lower levels of face touching across both hands, whereas the two‐bracelet intervention did result in significantly lower face touching. The effect increased over repeated presentations of the two‐bracelet intervention, with the second implementation producing, on average, 31 fewer face‐touching percentual points relative to baseline levels. Dependent on the dynamics of fomite‐mediated self‐infection via face touching, treatment effects could be of public health significance. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin and chitosan into titanium nanotubes to target periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Della Fara Greta , Markovics Adrienn , Radice Simona , Hamilton John L. , Chiesa Roberto , Sturm Andreas , Angenendt Katja , Fischer Alfons , Wimmer Markus A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) occurs in 1%–2% of primary total hip and knee arthroplasties; the rate can reach 20% in individuals at risk. Due to the low local bioavailability of systemic antibiotics and possible off‐target effects, localized drug delivery systems are of great importance. Our aim was the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of gentamicin and chitosan in Titanium (Ti) nanotubes to establish a local, prolonged antibiotic delivery. Nanotubes were created on Ti wire with a two‐step anodization process. For drug deposition, EPD and the air‐dry methods were compared. For a prolonged drug release, gentamicin and crosslinked chitosan were deposited in a two‐step EPD process. Drug release was quantified by fractional volume sampling. The Ti wires were tested against Staphylococcus aureus by agar dilution and liquid culture methods. MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cell viability was determined with trypan blue. Nanotubes were characterized by a 100 nm diameter and 7 μm length. EPD allowed a higher amount of gentamicin deposited than the air‐dry method. Drug deposition was controllable by adjusting the voltage and duration of the EPD process. The crosslinked chitosan layer allowed diffusion‐driven release kinetics for up to 3 days. Gentamicin‐loaded Ti wires significantly inhibited bacterial growth and resulted in a larger inhibition zone compared to unloaded wires. Twenty‐four hours of incubation with loaded wires did not have a significant effect on osteoblast viability. Gentamicin‐loaded Ti nanotubes represent a promising approach for PJI prevention, as well as a valuable preclinical tool for the investigation of localized drug delivery systems created on Ti surface.
Adsorptive capacity and kinetic studies of PK216 resin for the extraction of Pr, Gd, and Dy rare earth elements
Authors: Hidayah Nur Nadiatul , Roslan Nurul Asmawati , Osazuwa Osarieme Uyi , Cuong Nguyen Van , Zainal Abidin Sumaiya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe removal of rare earth elements (REE) ions from aqueous solutions is a challenging task, and it requires a cost‐effective and readily available adsorbent material with excellent performance. In this study, PK216 resin was utilized for the adsorption kinetics and mechanism studies of REE ions owing to its outstanding performance, low cost, and easy availability.RESULTSThe findings revealed that higher loading resulted in increased adsorption capacity, while pH and temperature adjustments had minimal effects on the adsorption process, which remained constant within the pH range of 1–6 and a temperature range of 25–85 °C. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption reaction for praseodymium (Pr) and gadolinium (Gd) was spontaneous and exothermic, whereas for dysprosium (Dy) it was endothermic due to its high hydration enthalpy. This characteristic nature of Dy requires additional energy from the surroundings to dissociate from the aqueous phase and proceed to the PK216 resin surface compared to Pr and Gd. The Langmuir model and pseudo‐second‐order reaction were found to be the fitting models for the adsorption process on PK216 resin. Additionally, the chemisorption of Pr, Gd, and Dy resulted in monolayer coverage. The diffusion process was found to be intraparticle and film diffusion, as it fitted the Boyd kinetic model as opposed to the Weber–Morris intraparticle model.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that higher loading enhances the adsorption capacity, and the Langmuir model and pseudo‐second‐order reaction are the most suitable models for the adsorption process on PK216 resin. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhancement of gluconic acid production by Aspergillus niger from by‐products as glucose source using pressurized air conditions
Authors: Fernandes Sílvia , Dias Bruna , Belo Isabel , Lopes Marlene 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe profitable production of gluconic acid (GA), an organic acid extensively used in the food and beverages industries, relies on the use of cheap and available substrates with high sugar content. The high oxygen demand for the microbial conversion of glucose to GA is still a bottleneck of industrial production in conventional stirred‐tank reactors. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, the effect of increased air pressure up to 4 bar on GA production and sugar consumption in batch and step‐wise fed‐batch cultures in sugarcane molasses (ScM) and grape must (GM) medium was studied.RESULTSScM and GM, by‐products of the agro‐food industry, proved to be adequate feedstocks to replace pure glucose in GA batch production by Aspergillus niger MUM 92.13. A threefold improvement in GA productivity was obtained in batch experiments carried out at 4 bar with ScM and GM compared to those at 1 bar. Furthermore, the addition of two pulses of ScM, under pressurized conditions, increased the GA production, reaching a final concentration of 140 g L−1.CONCLUSIONThis work proved that the use of total air pressure up to 4 bar is an effective approach to enhance GA productivity using ScM and GM as substrates in batch and step‐wise fed‐batch cultures. Also, this study provides a novel strategy for developing a biotechnological bioprocess for GA production by A. niger from low‐cost and sugar‐rich by‐products performed in pressurized stirred tank reactors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).