bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Measurement of the Topography of High Precision Optics
Authors: Sullivan Paul , Evans Christopher , Parks Robert 
Published: February 2023

The aim of the project is to investigate the potential of expanding the instrument measurement bandwidth of a traditional phase measuring interferometer (PMI) using a comparatively simple optical/software modification. This would offer the benefit to users of gaining increased measurement bandwidth within a single measurement set-up.
Specifically the design is aimed at detecting (and measuring the locations of) higher frequency components than are traditionally measured. These components are those that arise from the general roughness and pits and scratches within the figure of the surface geometry. The principle of the technique is to make a two part measurement and then to examine the two measurements either individually or in combination. The first measurement is simply the conventional interferogram analysis. The second measurement involves introducing additional optical components (lenses and a spot mask) into the optical path and then re-measuring the phase map. Software is then used to analyze the resultant images.
This paper describes the design and construction of a “bread boarded” set-up of the test instrument. It includes some preliminary test measurements demonstrating the functionality of the system.
Laser Coatings
Authors: Ebert Johannes 
Published: February 2023

This paper reviews various methods of application of ion beam sources for the production of low-loss laser coatings. Ion beams can be used to sputter a target material to be deposited on a substrate and the beams can be directed to the deposited films to change their chemical and physical properties. Four deposition methods were compared:
- Electron beam deposition - Ion assisted deposition -
- Ion beam sputtering - Dual beam deposition -
In the production of high quality laser coatings it is extremely important to prevent the decomposition of evaporation materials. These coatings should be deposited stoi-chiometrically as traces of metals or metal suboxides cause absorption losses. Especially coatings for laser applications should have no ansorption losses. Losses reduce the reflectivity and lower the damage threshold for high power radiation.
Effect of electric field on the growth of Al-film
Authors: Lee Cheng-chung , Lee Chii-hua , Chao Shiuh 
Published: February 2023

Bias voltage applied to the substrate had been proved to be influential in the growth of gold and silver films1-2 and dielectric film.3
In this article we applied an electric field longitudinal to substrate by setting a high voltage of up to 2.4 KV during the growth of Al-films. (see fig. 1) Al-film was evaporated in high vacuum (10 μ torr) onto 1" diameter BK-7 substrate at room temperature.
Bragg-Fresnel Multilayer Optics for X-ray Microscopy and Spectroscopy
Authors: Vidal B. , Brunel M. , Erko A. , Rochtchoupkine D. , Susini J. , Vincent. P. 
Published: February 2023

Application of metallic multilayer mirrors for construction of different components of x-ray optical schemes became more and more frequent. Number of publications gives an examples of objective lenses, monochromators, focusing and imaging devices, based on figured multilayer mirrors. One of the most exited application of such optics in future can be projection X-ray lithography and local analyses of microstructures with submicron resolution for microelectronics technology.
Recently, focusing and imaging by the use of some kinds of "grooved" diffraction optics on flat surfaces instead of the curved substrate had been reported in several papers. This optics is now known as Bragg-Fresnel Multilayer Optics (BFMO) [1,2]. Compared to grazing incidence optics and figured multi-layers optics, BFMO can provide higher spatial and spectral resolutions. That is say, till to spot value up to 0.1μ spatial resolution of BFMO is limited only by the flatness of the plane substrate and accuracy of the lithographic process [3]. In principle BFMO combines the high spatial resolution of Fresnel zone plates and the high radiation stability of multi-layer X-ray mirrors.
This report gives an examples of fabrication, computer simulation and tests for two kind of BFMO: Lamellar Multilayer Gratings (LMG) and Linear Bragg-Fresnel Multilayer Lenses (LBFML). LMG, used here as the first step for the understanding of diffraction property of LBFML, can be very interesting themselves as by spectroscopic instruments with relatively high dispersion and efficiency.
Beyond social prescribing—The use of social return on investment (SROI) analysis in integrated health and social care interventions in England and Wales: A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Hopkins Genevieve , Winrow Eira , Davies Ceryl , Seddon Diane 
Published: February 2023

With increasing costs of healthcare in England and Wales following the COVID-19 pandemic, finding alternatives to traditional medical interventions is more important than ever. Social prescribing provides a way of addressing health and well-being through using non-medical methods that may help relieve costs to the NHS. Evaluating interventions, such as social prescribing, which have high social (but not easily quantifiable) value, can be problematic. Social return on investment (SROI) is a method of assigning monetary values to both social value as well as traditional assets, so provides a way of evaluating social prescribing initiatives. This protocol outlines the steps that will be taken in a systematic review of the SROI literature surrounding social prescribing-type integrated health and social care interventions based in the community in England and Wales. Online academic databases such as PubMed Central, ASSIA and Web of Science will be searched, as will grey literature sources such as Google Scholar, the Wales School for Social Prescribing Research (WSSPR) and Social Value UK. Titles and abstracts from the articles returned by the searches will be reviewed by one researcher. Those selected for full text review will be independently reviewed and compared by two researchers. Where the researchers disagree a third reviewer will help resolve any differences. Information collected will include identifying stakeholder groups, assessing the quality of SROI analyses, identifying intended and unintended changes of social prescribing interventions, and comparing social prescribing initiatives in terms of SROI costs and benefits. Quality assessment will be independently conducted on the selected papers by two researchers. The researchers will discuss to obtain consensus. Where there is disagreement, a third researcher will resolve these cases. A pre-existing quality framework will be developed and used to assess the quality of the literature.
Protocol registration Prospero registration number: CRD42022318911.
Predicting mortality after start of long-term dialysis–International validation of one- and two-year prediction models
Authors: Haapio Mikko , van Diepen Merel , Steenkamp Retha , Helve Jaakko , Dekker Friedo W. , Caskey Fergus , Finne Patrik 
Published: February 2023

Background
Mortality prediction is critical on long-term kidney replacement therapy (KRT), both for individual treatment decisions and resource planning. Many mortality prediction models already exist, but as a major shortcoming most of them have only been validated internally. This leaves reliability and usefulness of these models in other KRT populations, especially foreign, unknown. Previously two models were constructed for one- and two-year mortality prediction of Finnish patients starting long-term dialysis. These models are here internationally validated in KRT populations of the Dutch NECOSAD Study and the UK Renal Registry (UKRR).

Methods
We validated the models externally on 2051 NECOSAD patients and on two UKRR patient cohorts (5328 and 45493 patients). We performed multiple imputation for missing data, used c-statistic (AUC) to assess discrimination, and evaluated calibration by plotting average estimated probability of death against observed risk of death.

Results
Both prediction models performed well in the NECOSAD population (AUC 0.79 for the one-year model and 0.78 for the two-year model). In the UKRR populations, performance was slightly weaker (AUCs: 0.73 and 0.74). These are to be compared to the earlier external validation in a Finnish cohort (AUCs: 0.77 and 0.74). In all tested populations, our models performed better for PD than HD patients. Level of death risk (i.e., calibration) was well estimated by the one-year model in all cohorts but was somewhat overestimated by the two-year model.

Conclusions
Our prediction models showed good performance not only in the Finnish but in foreign KRT populations as well. Compared to the other existing models, the current models have equal or better performance and fewer variables, thus increasing models’ usability. The models are easily accessible on the web. These results encourage implementing the models into clinical decision-making widely among European KRT populations.
Changes in frontal plane kinematics over 12-months in individuals with the Percutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthesis (POP)
Authors: Darter Benjamin J. , Syrett E. Daniel , Foreman K. Bo , Kubiak Erik , Sinclair Sarina 
Published: February 2023

Background
A bone-anchored prosthesis (BAP) eliminates the need for a conventional socket by attaching a prosthesis directly to the user’s skeleton. Currently, limited research addresses changes in gait mechanics post BAP implantation.

Objective
Examine changes in frontal plane movement patterns after BAP implantation.

Methods
Participants were individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation (TFA) enrolled in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Early Feasibility Study examining the Percutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthesis (POP). The participants completed overground gait assessments using their conventional socket and at 6-weeks, 12-weeks, 6-months, and 12-months following POP implantation. Statistical parameter mapping techniques were used in examining changes in frontal plane kinematics over the 12-months and differences with reference values for individuals without limb loss.

Results
Statistically significant deviations were found pre-implantation compared to reference values for hip and trunk angles during prosthetic limb stance phase, and for pelvis and trunk relative to the pelvis angles during prosthetic limb swing. At 6-weeks post-implantation, only the trunk angle demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the percent of gait cycle with deviations relative to reference values. At 12-months post-implantation, results revealed frontal plane movements were no longer statistically different across the gait cycle for the trunk angle compared to reference values, and less of the gait cycle was statistically different compared to reference values for all other frontal plane patterns analyzed. No statistically significant within-participant differences were found for frontal plane movement patterns between pre-implantation and 6-weeks or 12-months post-implantation.

Conclusions
Deviations from reference values displayed prior to device implantation were reduced or eliminated 12-months post-implantation in all frontal plane patterns analyzed, while within-participant changes over the 12-month period did not reach statistical significance. Overall, the results suggest the transition to a BAP aided in normalizing gait patterns in a sample of relatively high functioning individuals with TFA.
Post COVID-19 condition after Wildtype, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection and prior vaccination: Pooled analysis of two population-based cohorts
Authors: Ballouz Tala , Menges Dominik , Kaufmann Marco , Amati Rebecca , Frei Anja , von Wyl Viktor , Fehr Jan S. , Albanese Emiliano , Puhan Milo A. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) is an important complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting millions worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of post COVID-19 condition (PCC) with novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and after prior vaccination.

Methods
We used pooled data from 1350 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals from two representative population-based cohorts in Switzerland, diagnosed between Aug 5, 2020, and Feb 25, 2022. We descriptively analysed the prevalence and severity of PCC, defined as the presence and frequency of PCC-related symptoms six months after infection, among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals infected with Wildtype, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association and estimate the risk reduction of PCC after infection with newer variants and prior vaccination. We further assessed associations with the severity of PCC using multinomial logistic regression. To identify groups of individuals with similar symptom patterns and evaluate differences in the presentation of PCC across variants, we performed exploratory hierarchical cluster analyses.

Results
We found strong evidence that vaccinated individuals infected with Omicron had reduced odds of developing PCC compared to non-vaccinated Wildtype-infected individuals (odds ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.68). The odds among non-vaccinated individuals were similar after infection with Delta or Omicron compared to Wildtype SARS-CoV-2. We found no differences in PCC prevalence with respect to the number of received vaccine doses or timing of last vaccination. The prevalence of PCC-related symptoms among vaccinated, Omicron-infected individuals was lower across severity levels. In cluster analyses, we identified four clusters of diverse systemic, neurocognitive, cardiorespiratory, and musculoskeletal symptoms, with similar patterns across variants.

Conclusion
The risk of PCC appears to be lowered with infection by the Omicron variant and after prior vaccination. This evidence is crucial to guide future public health measures and vaccination strategies.
Acupuncture for autophagy in animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Yuan Jingxue , Zhang Ziniu , Ni Jinxia , Wu Xiaona , Yan Haoyue , Xu Jingni , Zhao Qi , Yuan Hongwei , Yang Lei 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Ischemic stroke has high morbidity, disability and mortality rates. The effective treatments recommended by guideline have considerable limitations due to their strict range of adaptation and narrow time window. Acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment for ischemic stroke, and the mechanism may be related to autophagy. In this systematic review, we aim to summarize and evaluate the evidence of autophagy in acupuncture therapy for animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Methods
Publications will be retrieved from the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, CVIP and Wanfang databases. We will include animal experimental studies of acupuncture for MCAO, and the control group will receive placebo/sham acupuncture or no treatment after model establishment. Outcome measures must include autophagy and will include neurologic scores and/or infarct size. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias. A meta-analysis will be performed if the included studies are sufficiently homogenous. Subgroup analyses will be conducted according to different intervention types and different types of outcomes. Sensitivity analyses will also performed to explore the heterogeneity and to assess the stability of the results. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system will be applied to evaluate the quality of evidence in this systematic review.

Discussion
The results of this study may help to explain autophagy in acupuncture therapy for ischemic stroke. The limitation of this review is that all included studies will be retrieved from Chinese or English medical databases due to language barriers.

Registration
We registered in PROSPERO on May 31, 2022. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=329917) (CRD42022329917).
Acceptability of PrEP among MSM and transgender communities—Qualitative findings from two metropolitan cities in India
Authors: Ramanaik Satyanarayana , Sinha Anju Pradhan , Mukherjee Aparna , Pujar Ashwini , Subramanyam Kalyani , Gopalan Anjali , Washington Reynold 
Published: February 2023

Background
Global evidence suggests that Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) plays a pivotal role in reducing new HIV-infections among key populations (KP). However, the acceptability of PrEP differs across different geographical and cultural settings and among different KP typologies. Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender (TG) communities in India have around 15–17 times higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than the general population. The low rates of consistent condom use and poor coverage of HIV testing and treatment among the MSM and transgender communities highlight the need for alternative HIV prevention options.

Methods
We used data from 20 in-depth interviews and 24 focused group discussions involving 143 MSM and 97 transgender individuals from the two metropolitan cities (Bengaluru and Delhi) in India to qualitatively explore their acceptability of PrEP as a HIV prevention tool. We coded data in NVivo and conducted extensive thematic content analysis.

Results
Awareness and use of PrEP were minimal among the MSM and transgender communities in both cities. However, on being provided with information on PrEP, both MSM and transgender communities expressed willingness to use PrEP as an additional HIV-prevention tool, to complement inability to consistently use condoms. PrEP was also perceived as a tool that could enhance the uptake of HIV-testing and counseling services. PrEP awareness, availability, accessibility and affordability were identified as determining factors that could influence its acceptability. Challenges such as stigma and discrimination, interrupted supply of drugs and non-community-friendly drug dispensing sites were identified barriers to continuing PrEP.

Conclusions
Using qualitative data from two Indian settings, this study provides community perspectives and recommendations to stakeholders and policymakers for introduction of PrEP into programs as a prevention tool among MSM and transgender communities in India.
Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and salivary cortisol levels in college students with different levels of academic stress. Study protocol
Authors: Castillo-Navarrete Juan-Luis , Guzmán-Castillo Alejandra , Bustos Claudio , Rojas Romina 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential for brain physiological processes influencing memory and learning. BDNF levels can be affected by many factors, including stress. Stress increase serum and salivary cortisol levels. Academic stress is of the chronic type. BDNF levels can be measure from serum, plasma or platelets, and there is still no standard methodology, which is relevant to ensure reproducibility and comparability between studies.

Hypothesis
(i) BDNF concentrations in serum show greater variability than in plasma. (ii) In college students with academic stress, peripheral BDNF decreases and salivary cortisol increases.

General objective
To standardize plasma and serum collection for BDNF levels and to determine whether academic stress affects peripheral BDNF and salivary cortisol levels.

Design
Quantitative research, with a non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive design.

Participants
Student volunteers. Under convenience sampling, 20 individuals will be included for standardization of plasma and serum collection and between 70 and 80 individuals to determine the effect of academic stress on BDNF and salivary cortisol.

Peripheral blood and salivary cortisol sampling, measurements
12 mL of peripheral blood (with and without anticoagulant) will be drawn per participant, separated from plasma or serum and cryopreserved at -80°C. Additionally, they will be instructed in the collection of 1 mL of saliva samples, which will be centrifuged. Val66Met polymorphism will be performed by allele-specific PCR, while BDNF and salivary cortisol levels will be determined by ELISA.

Statistical analysis
(i) descriptive analysis of the variables, through measures of central tendency and dispersion, and the categorical variables through their frequency and percentage. (ii) Then a bivariate analysis will be performed comparing groups using each variable separately.

Expected results
We expect to (i) determine the analytical factors that allow a better reproducibility in the measurement of peripheral BDNF, and (ii) the effect of academic stress on BDNF and salivary cortisol levels.
Integracja Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w myśli politycznej Karola Stefana Frycza (1910–1942)
Authors: Meller Arkadiusz 
Published: February 2023

Artykuł koncentruje się wokół osoby przedstawiciela młodego pokolenia polskiego obozu narodowego, jakim był Karol Stefan Frycz. Często w swoich poglądach wyłamywał się z kanonów myśli politycznej Narodowej Demokracji. Przykładem takiej płaszczyzny były stosunki międzynarodowe i jego wizja integracji Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Jako jeden z nielicznych przedstawicieli ruchu narodowego w sposób pozytywny wypowiadał się na temat idei jagiellońskiej. W koncepcji Karola Stefana Frycza Polska, z racji swoich doświadczeń historycznych, potencjału ludnościowego oraz gospodarczego, powinna odgrywać wiodącą rolę w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej.
Frycz uważał, że Polska wspólnie z Węgrami oraz Rumunią powinna na arenie międzynarodowej zapoczątkować proces zastąpienia Małej Ententy nowym regionalnym sojuszem. Karol Stefan Frycz uważał także, że Polska była powołana do tego by rozstrzygać wszelkie spory terytorialne między państwami Europy Centralnej oraz powinna dążyć do osłabienia pozycji międzynarodowej Niemiec.
Positioning performance with dual-frequency low-cost GNSS receivers
Authors: Kazmierski Kamil , Dominiak Kamil , Marut Grzegorz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, positioning quality is tested with the use of low-cost in-house developed receivers. The analyzes consider the practical use of low-cost devices in surveying works. In the network solution, the accuracy of the GNSS positioning based on low-cost receivers can be characterized by the repeatability of the baseline length of 1 and 6 mm in 24 h and 10 min observation sessions, respectively. The field experiment of 4 GNSS receivers and 3 GNSS low-cost receivers allowed for establishing a precise geodetic control network. The accuracy of the control point coordinates determined with low-cost GNSS receivers equals a maximum of 17 and 40 mm for the horizontal and height components, respectively. Therefore, low-cost GNSS receivers can provide positioning accuracy at the some centimeter level and can support land surveying and geodetic monitoring activities.
Precise genome editing with base editors
Authors: Liu Hongcai , Zhu Yao , Li Minjie , Gu Zhimin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Single-nucleotide variants account for about half of known pathogenic genetic variants in human. Genome editing strategies by reversing pathogenic point mutations with minimum side effects have great therapeutic potential and are now being actively pursued. The emerge of precise and efficient genome editing strategies such as base editing and prime editing provide powerful tools for nucleotide conversion without inducing double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs), which have shown great potential for curing genetic disorders. A diverse toolkit of base editors has been developed to improve the editing efficiency and accuracy in different context of application. Here, we summarized the evolving of base editors (BEs), their limitations and future perspective of base editing-based therapeutic strategies.