bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Model for Assessment of Liver Steatosis in NAFLD Non-Diabetic Patients
Authors: Foda Enas Mahmoud , Nakeep Sarah Abdelkader El , Sayed Aliaa Sheha , Ahmed Ghada Abdelrahman , Abdelazeem Sara Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the hepatic pandemic of the XXI century, being the number one cause of chronic hepatic disease in the occidental world.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI spectroscopy for assessing hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non diabetic patients.

Patients and Methods
A case control study was conducted on 40 patients inhepatology and gastroenterology department & Radiology department ain shams university hospital from Jan 2020 to November 2020 to study role of MRI spectroscopy as adiagnostic model for assessment of liver steatosis in NAFLD non diabetic patients.

Results
There was statically significant Positive correlation Between hepatic steatosis score, fat peak and fat fraction %, and there was statically significant Negative correlation Between Hepatic steatosis score and water peak.

Conclusion
MRI Spectroscopy can be reliably used as an accurate and specific noninvasive method for the diagnosis of Nonalcoholic fatty Liver Disease.
Role of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Benign from Malignant Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Sarah M W , Mohamed S H , Mona M A , Bassem M M , Caroline A G , Nesma A I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules

Study Design
A cross-sectional analytical study.

Methodology
Thirty-four patients who determined to have suspicious thyroid nodules by ultrasonography who attend endocrinology outpatient clinic at Ain-Shams university hospital, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in the study. They were evaluated on 1.5 Tesla MRI machine with T1- and T2- weighted imaging. DWI was done using b-values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2 and ADC values were calculated for the thyroid nodules. All of these patients were subjected to full history taking, general and local clinical examination, thyroid profile, TPO Abs, ultrasound, fine needle biopsy and histopathology results were correlated with ADC values.

Results
The benign nodules showed facilitated diffusion while malignant nodules showed restricted diffusion. T-test was used to assess the difference in mean ADC values between benign and malignant nodules. The mean ADC value of the malignant thyroid nodules (0.8±0.1 x 10-3 mm2/s) was significantly lower than that of the benign thyroid nodules (1.3±0.2 x 10-3 mm2/s) (p-value &lt; 0.001). ADC value of 1.15 x 10-3 mm2/s was used as a cut-off, for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of DWI and ADC values in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules were 88.2%, 92.3%, 80%, 100% and, respectively.

Conclusion
FNAC is gold standard diagnostic modality but has limitations. However, DWI and (ADC) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool for characterization and differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. It decreases the burden of unnecessary surgeries when pre-operative FNAC and biopsy are inconclusive
Study of the Relationship between Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Myostatin and Muscle Status in a Sample of Egyptian Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Makboul Khaled Mahmoud , Mahmoud Hanan Mahmoud Ali , Marawan Dina Ahmed Marawan , Younis Sayed Abdou Sayed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Myostatin and IGF-1 are two biomarkers of muscle strength and muscle mass in patients on hemodialysis. These biomarkers are also able to detect low HGS values and are also associated with muscular mass. These biomarkers could be of clinical use as screening tools of sarcopenia in patients on hemodialysis.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and myostatin and Muscle status (strength and mass) in a sample of Egyptian patients on Hemodialysis.

Patients and Methods
This study was a case control study conducted on 30 apparently healthy individuals as a control group and 30 patients on hemodialysis with muscle wasting attending hemodialysis unit at Ain Shams University Hospital to study the relationship between insulin like growth factor-1, Myostatin and muscle status in a sample of Egyptian patients on hemodialysis.

Results
This study results Showed Myostatin and IGF-1 are two biomarkers of interest to assess muscle status of dialysis patients. Both biomarkers are associated with HGS, Muscular mass. Regarding the comparison between the clinical examination and between our two groups we found that there were statically highly significantly difference between both groups regarding weight and BMI with P value (&lt; 0.001) and shows that statically non significantly difference between both group regarding Age, height, dialysis vintage, DBP, Pulse with P-value (0.395).

Conclusion
In conclusion, our findings indicate that myostatin might be a useful biomarker for predicting muscle mass contents in hemodialysis patients, and serum IGF-1 might be a useful predictor of nutritional status including muscle mass in hemodialysis patients. Further studies of larger populations and longitudinal research are needed to confirm these results.
Flow Diverters versus Clipping in the Management of Blister Like Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Habib Mohamed Alaa Eldin Abdou , El Molla Shafik Tahseen Shafik , Ibrahim Aly Ibrahim Soliman Mohamed Abdo , Fattah Abdel Fattah Kadry Abdel 
Published: August 2023

Background
Blister like aneurysms (BLA) are a rare form of aneurysms contributing to around 0.3 to 1% of all intracranial aneurysms. They are small, broad-based aneurysms usually less than 3 mm in diameter with very thin walls. They are most commonly found along the non-branching points of the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery. It appears as thorn-like protrusions on angiography such as Computed Tomography angiography (CTA) and Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) the latter having a higher sensitivity than the former for BLAs albeit more invasive. BLAs may show early aneurysm growth within days to weeks after diagnosis. They have a slight female preponderance and are associated with atherosclerosis although their actual pathophysiology remains elusive.

Aim of the Work
To compare the degree of occlusion on conventional angiography in BLA patients treated with flow diverters with those treated by microsurgical clipping within one year of intervention.

Patients and Methods
Most BLAs are diagnosed after an episode of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and present clinically with a high WFNS score (World Federation of Neurological Surgeons) while the rest of BLAs are diagnosed incidentally on imaging. Due to their unique histology, BLAs are associated with higher rates of rebleed and intraoperative and post-operative rupture. Due to their small size, thin walls and tendency to re-bleed BLA are considered a challenge to both neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists.

Results
Our search strategy using previously mentioned key wards identified a total of 67 citations. Search was done for studies conducted or published within 2010 to 2020 duration. After removal of duplicate studies, eligibility criteria were applied to the titles of 43 articles with exclusion of non-human population and non-appropriate study design. This yielded 23 studies that underwent full-text analysis, of which 17 did not meet the inclusion criteria of having and lacking of quantitative comparison data. Six studies were included in our systematic review for analysis of population demographics and management outcome with attention to the clinical and radiological outcomes of both microsurgical clipping and flow diversion for treatment of BBAs.

Conclusion
In our mid-term follow-up study, we saw high occlusion and low retreatment/rerupture rates with good clinical outcomes in the majority of cases. However, dual antiplatelet therapy in the acute ruptured setting can be challenging, and requires special considerations.
Treatment Modalities of Complex Anterior Circulation Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Hussein Eslam M , Moharram Hussein , Lawton Micheal T , Habib Mohammed A , Tolias Christos , Kotb Mohammed M 
Published: August 2023

Background
Complex intracranial aneurysms (CIAs) are the most technically demanding neurosurgical pathologies. Although extensive work and effort has been directed to the treatment of these challenging vascular lesions, no formal definition exists on what complex aneurysms are, and it is rather subjective to individual interpretation that an aneurysm receives such label.

Aim of the Study
The overall aim of the study is to assess the clinical outcomes of the different modalities in management of complex intracranial anterior circulation aneurysms and to try to set up a clear and concrete treatment algorithm for the management dilemma.

Patients and Methods
This study is a prospective observational study that included 40 patients. All patients were evaluated by an interdisciplinary conference consisting of neuroendovascular surgeons and vascular neurosurgeons for assessment of the therapeutic options and the suitability of endovascular and/or surgical treatment. Initially, study setting was supposed to be in Ain Shams University teaching hospitals, Egypt, King’s College Hospital, United Kingdom and Barrow’s Neurological institute, USA. Unfortunately, due to COVID-19 Pandemic, Cases from King’s College Hospital in London were only included.

Results
Twenty cases were managed surgically, while 18 were treated by different endovascular techniques. Both surgical and endovascular modalities were used as a hybrid approach to treat 2 cases. Recurrence of treated aneurysms was seen only in the endovascular modality. Four cases out of the 18 cases treated by endovascular techniques showed either residual or recurrence of the previously treated aneurysms. Four documented intervention related mortalities occurred during the first 6 months. Two cases out of the 4 were treated by endovascular techniques (balloon assisted coiling & parent vessel occlusion), one case was surgically treated by clip/wrap technique and the last mortality was seen in a case treated by the hybrid approach (Clipping+ flow diverter).

Conclusion
Complex intracranial aneurysms managed surgically showed less recurrence rate than those treated by different endovascular techniques. CIAs treated by endovascular modalities showed much lower length of hospital stay and better modified Rankin scale after 6 months. Complications rate and mortality rate were nearly similar in both groups and were usually related to the initial poor presentation with hight WFNS grade upon the initial ictus.
A Systematic Review for Cervical Intervertebral Disc Arthroplasty versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Treatment of Cervical Degenerative Spine Disorders
Authors: El-Shahaby Amr Mohammed Nageeb , Hamada Salah Mostafa , El-Gayar Abd-Elrahman Mohammed Hesham , Ali Mohammed Ismaeil 
Published: August 2023

Background
Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is an increasingly accepted procedure for the treatment of symptomatic cervical degenerative disc disease. Multiple Level I evidence clinical trials have established cervical TDR to be a safe and effective procedure in the short-term.

Aim of the Study
is to provide a long-term assessment of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) versus anterior discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for the treatment of one- and two-level disc disease.

Patients and Methods
Systematic review of published English literature, the study was done from July 2014 to June 2020 and the study setting was Internet search through MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaboration Library.

Results
Our study provided further evidence that CDA is superior in achieving long-term clinical outcomes such as overall success, NDI success and neurological success, VAS neck pain and arm pain, symptomatic ASD, total secondary surgery, and secondary surgery at the index level and at the adjacent level.

Conclusion
However, no clear benefit could be identified in regard to NDI score, total reported AE, serious AE, device/surgery- related AE, and radiological superior and inferior ASD. Welldesigned worldwide RCT with long-term follow up are still necessary for further evaluation in the future.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Recurrent Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Hemeda Hosam Mohammad , Fayed Salah Taha , Mohamed Noha Refaat , Hikal Mona Abdel Sabour Amin 
Published: August 2023

Background
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most frustrating and difficult areas in reproductive medicine because the etiology is often unknown and there are few evidence-based diagnostic and treatment strategies. Studies on the etiology, evaluation, and management of RPL are often flawed.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the current study was to assess the association between vitamin D status and recurrent pregnancy loss.

Patients and Methods
The current study was conducted at Ain shams University Maternity Hospital during the period between October 2020 and April 2021. This research recruited 60 pregnant women categorized in to two research groups: Group A - study group: 30 pregnant women with early pregnancy loss and history of repeated pregnancy loss, Group B - control group: 30 pregnant women complete the first trimester with no early pregnancy loss. The 25(OH)D concentration measured in this case control study with predominantly first-trimester blood sampling.

Results
Choosing matched controls was to decrease confounders so according demographic variables; there was a statistically insignificant difference between group A (RPL) and group B (Normal pregnancy) as regards the demographic research data of study subjects recruited, the mean age was 24.5±2.6 years, the mean BMI was 25.8±2.1 Kg/m2. There was a statistically significant difference between Group A (RPL) and group B (Normal pregnancy) as regard 25(OH)D level (p &lt; 0.001), mean was 11.9±3.2 ng/ml and 16.9±6.5 ng/ml respectively. Vitamin D was significantly associated with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Conclusion
The current study showed a significant association between vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and occurrence of Recurrent pregnancy loss. A lot of researches needed to increase the quality of evidence about the association between low levels of vitamin D and recurrent pregnancy loss.
Study of Optic Disc and Macular Vascularity in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Yousif Hussein Mohamed Mohamed , Amin Mona Kamal Abdellatif , Abdeldayem Hisham Mohammad Khairy , Rashad Mohammad Ahmad 
Published: August 2023

Background
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a sight threatening disease. It is the second most common vascular retinal disease after diabetic retinopathy. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is considered as the most dreadful form, with prevalence of nearly 1 in 1000 in the population aged ≥30 years.

Aim of the Work
To quantify changes in optic disc and macular vasculature in patients with CRVO using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Patients and Methods
In our study, we included 20 eyes of twenty patients with treatment naïve cases of CRVO. These cases were selected from the outpatient clinic at Ain shams University Hospital between January 2020 and October 2021. Included subjects were patients diagnosed with CRVO, who received no previous treatment neither by injection nor by laser. Only patients with media opacity that are dense enough to impede sufficient image quality for reliable interpretation were excluded.

Results
Our study was able to prove the agreement between the quantitative vessel density (VD) measurement in the macula and the current fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) based assessment of macular ischemia. We were able to confirm a deep component to the pathological process in CRVO as proposed by the current literature and be able to assess it simultaneously in relation to the superficial microcirculation using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and FFA. We found the optic disc VD parameters to be a significant indicator of global retina perfusion which could be of value in assessment and follow up of patients especially in the presence of confounding factors for macular VD measurement as extensive edema. We found significant correlation between FAZ size and measured macular vessel density indicating congruity of the two ischemic parameters.

Conclusion
OCTA is a new modality for retinal imaging, providing a noninvasive alternative for the gold standard FFA. It visualizes microvascular changes in cases of vascular diseases at least with the same sensitivity as FFA. It has the definite advantage of being easily repeated in case of poor quality and patients who needs recurrent follow up imaging. It can be also used in patients who don’t qualify for or with contraindications to FFA. However, OCTA is liable to inaccuracy due to inherent disadvantages as segmentation and projection artifacts.
Evaluation of Myopic Macular Function and Structure
Authors: Farweez Yousra A T , El-Shazly Amany A , Mohamed Ahmed A 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
to assess the functional and structural changes in non-pathologic myopia in relation to the degree of myopia.

Methods
Cross sectional study of myopic patients. Our participants are classified into age matched four groups according to the degree of their spherical equivalent (SE): emmetropia, mild myopia; moderate myopia and high myopia. Participants underwent full ophthalmological examination, axial length (AL) measurement, Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and multifocal ERG (mf-ERG).

Results
Central foveal thickness showed significant thinning among the control participants in comparison to myopes, while inner and outer macular ring thicknesses were significantly thicker in the control participants than myopic ones. Subfoveal, inner and outer macular ring choroidal thickness were significantly thicker in the controls than myopes. Mf-ERG retinal response density [RRD] and P1 amplitudes of the three rings (R1-R3) were significantly higher in the control participants than myopic ones while P1 latency showed significant delay in the myopes in comparison to their control participants.

Conclusion
Macular thickness is related to the degree of refractive error, AL, choroidal thickness and multifocal changes in myopic patients. We should consider the correlation between functional and structural alterations in the macula when interpreting retinal structure in the assessment of macular diseases in the context of refractive errors.
Femoral Head Reduction Osteotomy versus Relative Femoral Neck Lengthening in Management of Perthes Sequelae: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Elnewishy Ahmed Awad , Mahran Mahmoud Ali , Aly El Abd Mostafa 
Published: August 2023

Background
The single most important predictor determining the long-term prognosis following healed Perthes disease is the shape of the proximal femur. A high riding greater trochanter, a short femoral neck, and proximal femur abnormalities can induce both intraarticular and extra-articular femoro-acetabular impingement, resulting in degenerative hip discomfort, limited range of motion, and decreased abductor function.

Aim of the Work
to perform systematic review about surgical techniques in treatment of perthes in young adult population.

Patients and Methods
We searched the MEDLINE database via PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library using the following Keywords; “Legg-Calve-Perthes”, “Perthes' disease”, “osteotomy”, “surgical hip dislocation in perthes” and “young adult population”.

Results
Seven full text articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis.

Conclusion
The single most important predictor determining the long-term prognosis following healed Perthes disease is the shape of the proximal femur. A high- riding greater trochanter, a short femoral neck, and proximal femur abnormalities can induce both intraarticular and extra-articular femoro- acetabular impingement, resulting in degenerative hip discomfort, limited range of motion, and decreased abductor function.
Short Stem versus Standard Stem Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kamel Ahmed Samy , Mohassab Ahmed , Abdelhady Mohamed Ismail 
Published: August 2023

Background
Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (MIS THA) has recently increased in popularity. Concurrently, newly developed short femoral components are being used. These short components may make insertion during MIS approaches easier and preserve more bone than traditional femoral stems, while providing a more anatomic stress distribution in the proximal femur.

Aim and objectives
To perform an evaluation and meta-analysis of all available trials and studies demonstrating the different clinical outcomes following cementless THR using short stem and standard stem in young patients.

Subjects and Methods
Published observational analytical studies (Case-control, case reference, cohort studies or systematic reviews) On the outcomes of short stem and standard stem total hip replacement. Trials which involve English papers from the year 2000 till 2020.

Result
We found 220 records, of them 90 unique records identified (duplicate, non English records and records before 2000 were removed) by the database searches, 65 records were excluded (not describing outcomes or inaccessible artilcles), leaving 25 studies that met all inclusion criteria.

Conclusion
Despite favorable medium-term revision rates suggested by observational studies, there remains a need for long-term RCTs, registry data, biomechanical analyses, and bone density measurement to affirm the benefits of short-stem hip arthroplasty.
Relation between Serum and Dietary Zinc Levels and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in Medical Students of Ain Shams University
Authors: EL-Din Hala EL-Sayed Abd EL-Hafiz Shams , Amin Ghada Essam Aldin , Sallam Reem Mohamed , Shehata Isis Magdy Mossad 
Published: August 2023

Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is one of the commonest gastrointestinal disorders and IBS symptoms control often involve food restrictions that may cause zinc deficiency which is in turn may contribute to pathophysiology of IBS.

Objectives
To measure the proportion of IBS and its subtypes in medical students and to correlate between serum zinc level and dietary zinc intake with IBS.

Methods
A cross sectional study was carried out among a sample of students at The Nutritional Assessment of Medical Students of Ain Shams University (NAMS/ASU). A total of 199 students were involved, all participants were subjected to direct interviews self-administered questionnaires including GIT clinical symptoms, 24 hours food recall and food frequency questionnaire. They were also subjected to serum zinc level measurement. In addition to calculation of dietary zinc intake daily using food composition analysis software according to the Egyptian Food Composition Tables.

Results
The number of medical students that had positive ROME IV criteria were 104 students, in a proportion of 8.5% of the students participated in NAMES/ASU, with IBS-C was the commonest type. Serum zinc level was significantly low in IBS students with positive significance correlation to dietary zinc intake. Dietary consumption of zinc rich food showed significant reduction of serum zinc level with milk and dairy products intake of less than 3 servings per week.

Conclusion
the proportion of IBS in NAMES/ASU project was about 8.5% with the IBS-C was the most common subtype. They had low serum zinc level and a positive significant correlation with dietary zinc intake.