bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformation of the anterior segment in human myopia
Authors: Buckhurst Hetal , Gilmartin Bernard , Cubbidge Robert , Logan Nicola S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTopography of the in vivo anterior segment is of relevance in understanding its role in myopia and in the development of ocular surgical procedures. Using 3D magnetic resonance (MR) images of the human eye, regional variations in surface area (SA) and bulbosity of four anterior segment regions were investigated in association with refractive status (Rx), axial length (AL) and total ocular volume (OV).MethodsT2‐weighted ocular MR images from 43 adults aged 18–40 years (mean ± SD; 28.65 ± 6.20) comprising 20 non‐myopes (≥−0.50) 0.57 ± 1.38 and 23 myopes (<−0.50) −6.37 ± 4.23 MSE (D) were collected. 2D representations of each quadrant (superior‐temporal [ST], superior‐nasal [SN], inferior‐temporal [IT] and inferior‐nasal [IN]) of the anterior section (3.5–9 mm) were fitted with second‐order polynomials. Polynomials were integrated and rotated about the x‐axis to generate SA; dividing the SA by 4 provided relative quadrantial SA. The x2 coefficient provides indices of bulbosity. OV was derived from the 3D MRI scans. Rx and AL were measured using cycloplegic autorefraction and the Zeiss IOLMaster, respectively. One‐ and two‐way repeated‐measures ANCOVAs tested differences in SA and bulbosity for Rx, gender, ethnicity and age. Pearson's correlation coefficient tested the relationship between MRI‐derived metrics and biometry.ResultsSignificant differences in SA were observed between quadrants (p < 0.001) with differences between ST versus IN, IN versus IT and SN versus IT. An interaction effect (p = 0.01) for Rx suggested smaller temporal (ST and IT) and larger nasal (SN and IN) SA in myopes. AL and myopic Rx were negative correlated (p < 0.05) with SA at IN, SN and IT. OV was significantly associated with SA at ST. Bulbosity showed no regional differences nor an effect of AL or Rx.ConclusionSignificant regional variation in SA exists across the anterior segment that is modulated by Rx and AL. It is unclear whether these structural characteristics are a precursor or consequence of myopia and may warrant investigation when developing biomechanical interventions.
Would regional competition pressure affect audit quality? Evidence from a spatial distribution of the audit market
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Hu Ning , Sun Zhengjie , Zhang Yiling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study finds that the greater the pressure of regional competition, the more likely auditors are to issue aggressive audit reports that could damage audit quality. This phenomenon exists mainly in the increasing number of small audit offices in the same region. However, the increasing number of local Big 6 audit offices positively impacts audit quality. Furthermore, individual interviews and penalties on auditors by government agencies can effectively mitigate the negative impact of regional competition pressure on audit quality. This study expands the literature on how audit market competition affects audit quality and provides insights into regulation‐setters.
Aretino Jesuited: an English Translation of the Sette Salmi in Seventeenth‐Century Douai
Authors: Keener Andrew S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article offers the first focused analysis of John Hawkins's 1635 English rendering of Pietro Aretino's Parafrasi sopra i sette salmi della penitenza di David, situating the translation within its Catholic and translingual context. Nearly a century after Thomas Wyatt's versified treatment of the Sette Salmi, a sequence of seven Psalms framed within the narrative of a penitent King David, this prose version appeared in Douai, a city known for its English Catholic university. I analyse this translation's discursive and bibliographical elements in relation to the dynamic book trade supplying England's Catholics with religious texts, and with particular emphasis on the ways Hawkins's rendering dresses the Sette Salmi in the rhetoric of imaginative contemplation for devotional purposes. ‘Contemplate on the subiect following’, he urges in a preface to the reader; in his English treatments of the paraphrases' prologues, meanwhile, the translator embroiders the text with emphases on both ‘phantasy’ and heightened suffering. Though Hawkins never names Aretino explicitly, this translation takes part in a transnational effort to revisit the Sette Salmi and to rehabilitate an author known commonly in the Anglophone world, if not more widely in Europe, as the ‘scourge of princes’ and author of the scandalous Ragionamenti.
Aretino's Urban Gardens
Authors: Turner James Grantham 
Published: February 2023

Abstract‘Petrus Arretinus vir acerrimi iudicii’ – Pietro Aretino, a man of most acute mind – went down in history as an intimate of Agostino Chigi (1466–1520), the great banker and patron of the arts. In his letters and drama, Aretino frequently evokes the golden years he spent as a protégé and household member. He recalls his brief but formative residence at Chigi's Villa Farnesina (ca. 1516–1520) as a time of freedom and creativity, when allegedly he gained the friendship and respect of the major artists who worked there. This article will review Aretino's literary evocations of the Chigi environment, especially its green spaces and gardens. In contrast to his famous portrait of Venice, Aretino's cityscape of remembered Rome gives us an ecology of the urban garden. As well as the published letters and the Cortigiana, it will draw on the Ragionamenti, dialogues that observe Roman life through the characters of marginalized and disreputable women.
The impact of monitor choice on insurer loss reserves
Authors: Bisco Jill , McCullough Kathleen , Montesinos Yufa Hugo Moises , Tice Sirmans Eleanor 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the association between monitoring and earnings management by property‐casualty insurers. Prior literature has evaluated the impact of auditors and actuaries on insurer reserving. We extend this work by considering the nonrandom nature of monitor assignment. We model the insurer decisions regarding choice of auditor and actuary jointly using a Heckman selection model. Consistent with prior literature, we account for potential loss reserving incentives that may confound these decisions. We find that the use of internal actuaries is significantly related to higher reserve errors, but this is reduced, but not fully offset, when the internal actuary is an officer of the insurer. We find lower reserve error for auditors from a Big N firm. However, the use of an auditor and actuary from the same Big N firm is significantly related to higher reserve errors.
Factors of production, productivity, institutions, and development: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Nakabashi Luciano , Pereira Ana Elisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe economic growth and development literature emphasizes that investment in technology and physical and human capital is essential for achieving higher levels of development. Political and economic institutions are also relevant in this process. With a sample of 5,503 Brazilian municipalities, this study carries out a development accounting exercise and measures the effects of institutional quality on per capita gross domestic product (GDP), physical capital intensity, human capital stock, and productivity. The empirical results indicate that institutional quality affects GDP per capita mainly through human capital accumulation and total factor productivity.
Are Catholics a nation? The problem of defining nationalism
Authors: Aguirresarobe Asier H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor all their interest as social phenomena, nations and nationalism have proven to be difficult terms to define, which has resulted in a lack of consensus among scholars working on these subjects. In this paper, it is my intention to expose the deep chasm that engulfs our present knowledge about what nations are. My method for achieving this goal comprises a critical engagement with the most popular definitions of nations and nationalism based upon a single hypothetical premise: that the Holy See of the Catholic Church, with its seat in Vatican City, is a nation‐state which represents a purported Catholic nation. The results of this study suggest that current approaches to the definition of nations and nationalism – be they based on alleged objective criteria, voluntary association, political organization, communal imagination, or organizational patterns – are generally incapable of dismissing the claim of Catholics to nationhood. Despite this fact, certain elements sketched within some of these definitions might hold the key to developing more precise and usable definitions of these two concepts in the future.
From thin objects to thin concepts?
Authors: Carrara Massimiliano , De Florio Ciro , Poggiolesi Francesca 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this short paper we consider Linnebo's thin/thick dichotomy: first, we show that it does not overlap with the very common one between abstract/concrete objects; second, on the basis of some difficulties with the distinction, we propose, as a possible way out, to move from thin/thick objects to thin/thick concepts.
Development of a Passive Reactor Shutdown Device to Prevent Core Disruptive Accidents in Fast Reactors: A Study on Device Specifications
Authors: Morita Koji , Liu Wei , Arima Tatsumi , Arita Yuji , Sato Isamu , Matsuura Haruaki , Sekio Yoshihiro , Sagara Hiroshi , Kawashima Masatoshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A new subassembly type passive reactor shutdown device is proposed to expand the diversity and robustness of core disruptive accident prevention measures for sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs). The device contains pins with a fuel material that is in a solid state during normal operation but melts and fluidizes during an unprotected loss of flow (ULOF) or unprotected transient overpower (UTOP) accident. By rapidly transferring the liquefied device fuel into the lower plenum region of the pins via gravitation alone, the device passively provides high negative reactivity to the core. This study evaluated the nuclear and thermal properties of the device subassembly with metallic fuel to determine the device specifications for proper device operation during ULOF and UTOP accidents. The results of the transient analysis of the ULOF initiating phase in a 750-MWel-class mixed-oxide-fueled SFR core confirmed that a conventional homogeneous core maintains stable cooling of the core before coolant boiling in the driver fuel subassemblies. In contrast, the negative reactivity required to terminate the event by device operation was slightly higher in the low sodium void reactivity core than in the conventional homogeneous core.
Estimation of Wiebe Function Parameters for Syngas and Anode Off-Gas Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engines
Authors: Yang Ruinan , Ran Zhongan , Assanis Dimitris 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Wiebe functions, analytical equations that estimate the fuel mass fraction burned (MFB) during combustion, have been effective at describing spark-ignition (SI) engine combustion using gasoline fuels. This study explores if the same methodology can be extended for SI combustion with syngas, a gaseous fuel mixture composed of H2, CO, and CO2, and anode-off gas; the latter is an exhaust gas mixture emitted from the anode of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, containing H2, CO, H2O, and CO2. For this study, anode off-gas is treated as a syngas fuel diluted with CO2 and vaporized water. Combustion experiments were run on a single-cylinder, research engine using syngas and anode-off gas as fuels. One single Wiebe function and three double Wiebe functions were fitted and compared with the MFB profile calculated from the experimental data. It was determined that the SI combustion process of both the syngas and the anode-off gas could be estimated using a governing Wiebe function. While the detailed double Wiebe function had the highest accuracy, a reduced double Wiebe function is capable of achieving comparable accuracy. On the other hand, a single Wiebe function is not able to fully capture the combustion process of a SI engine using syngas and anode off-gas.
Computational Analysis of Fractional Liénard's Equation With Exponential Memory
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Alshehri Ahmed M. , Sushila  , Kumar Devendra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fractional model of Liénard's equations is very useful in the study of oscillating circuits. The main aim of this article is to investigate a fractional extension of Liénard's equation by using a fractional operator with exponential kernel. A user friendly analytical algorithm is suggested to obtain the solutions of fractional model of Liénard's equation. The considered computational technique is a combination of q-homotopy analysis method and an integral transform approach. The outcomes of the investigation presented in graphical and tabular forms, which reveal that the suggested computational scheme is very accurate and useful for handling such type of fractional order nonlinear mathematical models.
Asymmetric Zipper-Coupled Tubes and Smooth Sheet Attachments in the Design of Deployable Space-Filling Mechanisms
Authors: Webb Dylan C. , Reynolds Elissa , Halverson Denise M. , Howell Larry L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractZipper-coupled tubes are a unique structure consisting of two tubes with zig-zag walls that, when coupled in a zipper fashion, resist compression in the normal direction. A wider application of zipper-coupled tubes, however, is precluded by their angular form. By focusing on a subset of zipper-coupled tubes with parallel and coplanar creases constructed by repeating asymmetric degree-four vertex cells, we design a smooth sheet attachment that lies flat when the asymmetric zipper-coupled tubes are fully deployed, increasing the utility of the otherwise jagged tubes. Furthermore, we provide an explicit mathematical model of the motion of the resulting mechanism, thereby demonstrating its rigid-foldability.
Parameter Optimization of Foldable Flapping-Wing Mechanism for Maximum Lift
Authors: Yang Hyeon-Ho , Lee Sang-Gil , Addo-Akoto Reynolds , Han Jae-Hung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA lot of flapping-wing mechanisms have been proposed to mimic the flight characteristics of biological flyers. However, it is difficult to find studies that consider the unsteady aerodynamics in the design of the flapping-wing mechanisms. This paper presents a systematic approach to optimize the design parameters of a foldable flapping-wing mechanism (FFWM) with a proper aerodynamics model. For the kinematic model, the eight design parameters are defined to determine the reference configuration of the FFWM. The geometrical constraints of each design parameter are derived, and the kinematic analysis is conducted using the plane vector analysis method. The aerodynamic simulation using an unsteady vortex lattice method is performed to compute the aerodynamic loads induced by the flapping motion. An optimization problem is formulated to search for the optimal design parameters that maximize the average lift force considering the required power corresponding to the aerodynamic torques. The parameter optimization problem is solved for three different length ratios of the outer wing to the inner wing using a genetic algorithm. The optimization results show that increasing the outer wing length can cause a significant loss in the required power. The optimal design parameters found by the proposed approach allow the FFWM to generate maximum lift force with appropriate consideration of the required power.
Study on Heat Resistance of PLA Based Biodegradable Injection Molded Components
Authors: Yang Can , Chen Ruifeng , Xie Jianzhong , Ding Zuguang , Shu Yang , Yin Xiao-Hong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With the increasingly serious problem of white pollution, biodegradable substitutes that can replace the existing plastic materials are in urgent need. In the present work, thermal shock experiments were carried out to investigate the heat resistance of injection molded F6510 products under specific humidity/temperature conditions. Specifically, two groups of experiments were designed at a constant humidity of 90%. For single-point temperature (SPT) experiments, the testing temperature was varied from 30°C to 75 °C with an interval of 5/10 °C, and for the thermal cycle (TC) experiments, samples underwent 60 °C -(-20 °C)-60 °C thermal cycles. The SPT experiments showed that samples began to deform at 45 °C, with 0.05mm increase in length, and 0.02mm decrease in both width and height, and the shape variation increases with enhanced temperature. Meanwhile, TC experiment samples showed obvious shrinkage during the nine-day testing period, with a maximal size variation of 0.44mm for the length. In addition, DSC results showed a higher crystallinity degree for the inner layer of samples. This is due to the slower cooling rate of the inner layer, facilitating polymer molecular chain migration and thus the crystal nucleus growing, which was supported by Moldex3D simulation analyses. Double melting peaks appeared in the heating stage of DSC test, indicating the formation of both α and α’ crystal forms, which has been verified by both thermal shock experiments and DSC tests. The findings of this work indicate that the crystallinity, crystal form, and thus the products’ heat resistance of F6510 can be improved by reasonably controlling injection molding parameters such as the mold temperature and cooling time.
Challenges of Using High-Speed Film From Historical Sled Impact Acceleration Tests in the Analysis of Head Flail Kinematics
Authors: Olszko Ardyn , Abraczinskas Alicia M. , McGovern Shannon M. , Robinette Allison M. , Vasquez Kimberly B. , Chancey Valeta C. , Brozoski Frederick T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work presents some of the challenges and solutions identified when using a historical collection of high-speed film from human research volunteer and anthropomorphic test device sled tests to define corridors for head flail kinematics. Challenges were related to film “jitter” and a lack of information about timing, test setups, and camera position. The challenges were addressed for a set of 939 tests using digitized high-speed film and minimal additional information for calculating head displacement, scaling, and translating to the seat origin. The method produced realistic head displacement data from tracked phototarget data. For the scaling method, the expanded uncertainty of measuring the phototarget size ranged from ±2.6 to ±3.7 pixels at a 95% confidence level. For the seat origin translation method, the average difference between calculated and actual seat origins was 6.6±5.0 cm. The methods implemented in this work can inform future work leveraging tracked kinematic data from this and other historical biodynamics datasets, especially large datasets that require batch processing.
Computer Vision and Machine Learning to Create an Advanced Pick-and-Place Robotic Operation Using Industry 4.0 Trends
Authors: Guerra-Zubiaga David , Franklin Angelicia , Escobar-Escobar Diego , Lemley Timothey , Hariri Neeyaz , Plattel Jeremy , Ham Chan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper explores integrating several Industry 4.0 trends within a Kawasaki Robot and Vanderlande intelligent manufacturing execution system located at Kennesaw State University (KSU) in the United States of America. Several of the key Industry 4.0 trends that will be discussed within this paper include, but are not limited to, the following topics: Machine Learning (ML), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and Cloud Manufacturing (CM). Several researchers explored these Industry 4.0 trends in manufacturing operations, but very few of them researched intelligent robotics grippers using MES and implementing advanced computer vision technologies. This research scopes in this direction. The research novelty contribution relies on exploring advanced intelligent robotic grippers while providing some scenarios to understand the next generation of automation systems according to Industry 4.0 trends by implementing both computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) aspects through an MES.
Forming Quality Analysis of Mg-Al Composite Pipes of Multi-Pass Power Spinning
Authors: Zheng Jiabin , Shu Xuedao , Chen Siyuan , Lu Qinying 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the effect of pass ratio on the forming quality of magnesium-aluminum composite pipes formed by multi-pass spinning. Established by NX software, the finite element simulation model of 7075 aluminum alloy-ZM21 magnesium alloy composite pipes was imported into Simufact. Forming software for simulation analysis. Based on previous research, the appropriate spinning parameters were selected. When the total reduction is constant, the ratios of three different reductions are studied and the final stress-strain results are obtained by finite element software simulation. By analyzing the straightness, cylindricity, and wall thickness of magnesium-aluminum composite pipes, the influence law of different pass reduction ratios on the surface quality of composite pipes is obtained. By analyzing the stress distribution of the magnesium-aluminum composite pipes interface, the influence law of different pass reduction ratios on the interface bonding strength of composite pipes is obtained.
The final results show that compared with the initial pass, the contact stress on the surface of the magnesium-aluminum pipes in the subsequent pass is much greater than that in the initial pass. In the subsequent passes, the contact stress of the final pass has little difference. When the final pass reduction decreases, the cylindricity and straightness of the composite pipes decrease, so the surface quality of the composite pipes depends on the final pass reduction. Therefore, in the actual production process, the intermediate pass reduction can be increased and the final pass reduction can be appropriately reduced. These results provide technical guidance for the selection and optimization design of the reduction ratio of multipass spinning of magnesium-aluminum bimetallic composite pipes.
Technical Cost Methodology Applied to the Design of Gas Turbine Components
Authors: Checcacci Emanuele , Martinelli Irene , Ragni Giacomo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Design of new architectures and systems is a fundamental task in each design stage of complex products such as gas turbines and requires everyday more and more an immediate focus on cost.
Due to high variability of worldwide conditions (pandemics, international scenarios, raw material costs fluctuations), it is exceedingly difficult to provide to design engineers a reliable estimation of final commercial cost of each component, while it would be a fundamental enabler to guarantee high competitivity to new products.
Based on that, the aim of this paper is to analyze Technical Cost that can be addressed directly with design choices, and which shall be formally distinguished by other types of cost definitions (economical, commercial…).
A case study of a rotor wheel is presented to demonstrate the value of the proposed approach in the development of Technical Cost models from raw material to final machining. The aim is to design production processes based on its Technical Cost, guiding engineering choices at each stage of program definition, from conceptual to detailed. With this method, the engineering department can control and guide Technical Costs, being the owner of all design choices and can support procurement in the overall effort of economic and commercial cost optimization.