bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocultural Taphonomies and Analysis of an Emerging Terminal Classic (750–900 CE) Maya Deathway
Authors: Kelmelis Saige , Walden John P. , Green Mink Kirsten , Hoggarth Julie A. , Ebert Claire E. , Freiwald Carolyn , Watkins Tia B. , Izzo Victoria S. R. , Biggie Michael , Thompson Amy E. , Guerra Rafael A. , Warinner Christina , Awe Jaime J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In bioarchaeology, funerary taphonomy and preservation become part of the biocultural narrative of the dead. We evaluate the role of these factors in reconstructing the identities of those buried in an emerging deathway, the ventrally placed legs flexed (VPLF) burial position, during the Terminal Classic (750–900/1000 CE) period at the Maya polity of Lower Dover in western Belize. The term “VPLF” describes a divergent burial practice which may have resulted from intentional binding prior to burial. In our analysis of VPLF burials (n = 12), we use a two-step process to reconstruct the social identities and potential meaning of the burial pattern: (1) interpretation of the archaeological context based on excavation observations and biogeochemistry and (2) osteological analysis of curated individuals to reconstruct their biological profiles and post-mortem/post-excavation histories. Osteological analyses included age and sex estimation, paleopathological assessment of frailty and trauma, and skeletal modifications from cultural and taphonomic forces. Radiocarbon dating and ceramic analyses were used to date the burials. Stable and radiogenic isotopic analyses were applied to reconstruct diet and mobility for a subset of the VPLF burials. Our results show that individuals were buried in the VPLF position irrespective of age, sex, or social status, consistent with patterns at other Terminal Classic and Postclassic Maya sites, although VPLF interment may have been practiced earlier at Lower Dover. We hypothesize that the appearance of VPLF burials in the Terminal Classic period signified an ideological shift in light of emerging social and environmental pressures in the region.
Signaling and perceiving on equity crowdfunding decisions — a machine learning approach
Authors: Yang Jinjuan , Xin Jiayuan , Zeng Yan , Liu Pei Jose 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores how signaling and perceiving jointly influence crowd investors’ decision-making. We utilize five machine learning models to assess the predictive power of various information types on crowdfunding success. Our findings indicate that investors prioritize well-structured quantitative data over complex qualitative content. Processing quantitative information is also found to be less cognitively taxing than extracting useful information from qualitative text and images. Entrepreneurs’ signaling and investors’ processing jointly reduce information asymmetry in crowdfunding, highlighting the critical yet often-overlooked role of investors’ information processing. Additionally, we test the policy effect of the ‘2016 Interim Measures on Online Lending’ on crowdfunding success by comparing the predictive accuracy of information during the thriving and constraining periods of crowdfunding development in China. Our results have significant implications for policymakers that crowdfunding fosters economic growth by connecting entrepreneurs and investors and should not be halted due to risks, especially during periods of financial constraints.
The diagnostic dilemma of adrenal vascular tumors: analysis of 21 cases and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Coscia Kimberly , Ravaioli Caterina , Tucci Lorenzo , Colombin Giacomo , Donnarumma Francesca , Mosconi Cristina , Balacchi Caterina , Nanni Cristina , Alberici Laura , Selva Saverio , Pagotto Uberto , Santini Donatella , Tallini Giovanni , Di Dalmazi Guido , Vicennati Valentina , De Leo Antonio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Adrenal vascular tumors are mainly represented by adrenal cavernous hemangiomas (ACHs) and adrenal cystic lymphangiomas (ACLs). Their radiological features often overlap with malignant tumors, therefore ruling out malignancy becomes mandatory. We analyzed clinical, radiological, and histopathological data to identify specific characteristics of these tumors.

Methods
We reviewed 21 patients with ACHs (n = 12), ACLs (n = 8), or adrenal cysts (n = 1) confirmed by histopathology. We selected 82 papers from PubMed to provide a systematic review of the literature.

Results
In our cohort, median age at diagnosis was 58 years, with sex evenly distributed. All tumors were unilateral (median size = 44 mm), with 6 cases of increasing tumor size. All tumors exhibited non-contrast CT density > 10 Hounsfield Unit (HU). Calcifications were found in 5 cases. Hormonal studies revealed 11 non-functioning tumors and 2 cortisol-secreting tumors. Elevated urinary metanephrines were found in 2 cases. Immunostaining showed CD31/CD34/factor VIII expression in ACHs (n = 5, 24%) and podoplanin expression in ACLs (n = 6, 29%). The literature review revealed 71 reported cases of ACHs and 104 reported cases of ACLs. Median age at diagnosis was 46 years, with slightly female prevalence (63%). Median tumor size was 48 mm. 84 cases were symptomatic, with life-threatening hemorrhage reported in only 3 patients. Calcifications were found in 23% of cases. Surgical approaches varied, with open and laparoscopic adrenalectomy performed in 55 and 42 patients respectively.

Conclusions
ACHs and ACLs represent a diagnostic dilemma in clinical practice due to their rarity and their misleading imaging features.
The Role of Urban Planning in Strengthening Urban Food Security in Africa: Insights from Lesotho, Zimbabwe and South Africa
Authors: Matooane Leemisa Simon , Matamanda Abraham , Bhanye Johannes , Nel Verna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper critically examines how urban planning influences food security in the rapidly urbanizing landscapes of Africa, focusing on Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. These countries, with their distinct urban challenges and developmental contexts, provide a comparative framework for understanding the pivotal role of urban planning in addressing urban food security issues. The paper presents several core aspects of urban food systems: the integration of urban agriculture, the effectiveness of food distribution networks, the impact of spatial inequalities on food access, and the potential of collaborative governance to sustain urban food systems. The analysis reveals that despite varying degrees of urban infrastructure and economic conditions, commonalities exist in the challenges faced. Key findings suggest that proactive, innovative urban planning, tailored to the specific socio-economic contexts of each country, can significantly enhance food security. Strategic recommendations are proposed, advocating for comprehensive urban planning reforms that prioritise food system resilience, equitable land use, and infrastructural investment. This study contributes to studies on sustainable urban development by demonstrating how integrated urban planning and targeted policy interventions can significantly enhance the resilience and equity of urban food systems.
Simulation of Pedestrian Behaviour in Traffic Situations Using Risk-Based A* Pathfinding
Authors: Rinnert Tobias , Köpke Corinna , Kruse Antonio , Fehling-Kaschek Mirjam , Lüttner Florian , Stolz Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fatally injured vulnerable road users, especially pedestrians who collided with motorised vehicles, account for 31% of all recorded fatalities in urban traffic in the EU. Autonomous vehicles will improve this situation in the future, reducing the impact of the human factor in critical traffic situations. The development of autonomous driving functions requires simulation environments to train certain behaviours. Consequently, these simulations need well represented vulnerable road users. In this paper, an approach for accurate prediction of pedestrian behaviour at street crossings is presented. The suggested solution involves an agent-based model working with A* pathfinding and risk-based areas, validated by a drone dataset on German road crossings.
Pilot Study on Using Large Language Models for Educational Resource Development in Japanese Radiological Technologist Exams
Authors: Kondo Tatsuya , Okamoto Masashi , Kondo Yohan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we explored the potential application of large language models (LLMs) to the development of educational resources for medical licensure exams in non-English-speaking contexts, focusing on the Japanese Radiological Technologist National Exam. We categorized multiple-choice questions into image-based, calculation, and textual types. We generated explanatory texts using Copilot, an LLM integrated with Microsoft Bing, and assessed their quality on a 0–4-point scale. LLMs achieved high performance for textual questions, which demonstrated their strong capability to process specialized content. However, we identified challenges in generating accurate formulas and performing calculations for calculation questions, as well as in interpreting complex medical images in image-based questions. To address these issues, we suggest using LLMs with programming functionalities for calculations and using keyword-based prompts for medical image interpretation. The findings highlight the active role of educators in managing LLM-supported learning environments, particularly by validating outputs and providing supplementary guidance to ensure accuracy. Furthermore, the rapid evolution of LLM technology necessitates continuous adaptation of utilization strategies to align with their advancing capabilities. In this study, we underscored the potential of LLMs to enhance educational practices in non-English-speaking regions, while addressing critical challenges to improve their reliability and utility.
Cultivating Cultures of Care within Communities of Children in Schools – Exploring the Interdependence of Children’s Collective and Individual Development
Authors: Gylling-Andersen Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With many school systems worldwide facing several crises, such as inequality and a lack of well-being among schoolchildren, understanding how to care for, and support care among, these children must be a vital commitment for researchers and school professionals. Hence, this article introduces the notion of cultures of care within communities of children, emphasising care as a collective-transformative practice where children develop cultural tools to transform or navigate within the shared conditions of life with which they struggle. Drawing on cultural-historical and critical branches of psychology, a qualitative case analysis explores how an intervention framework (developed by this article’s author and a schoolteacher) seemed to support the development of a culture of care within a community of children at a Danish municipal primary school. Analyses of observational fieldnotes and interview excerpts suggest how the participating children engaged in negotiating, developing and expanding their shared repertoire of caring cultural tools with the purpose of creating a future in the community where the collective struggles of the present are less challenging. Focusing on the developmental implications, both for the community and for a boy in a marginalised position, the analysis sheds light on the interdependence of collective and individual development, as the children simultaneously care for the development of themselves and their community. Finally, it is discussed how pedagogical initiatives in schools that aim to care for children in marginalised positions as well as for the entire community must acknowledge the activist nature of schoolchildren and the collective nature of their agency.
A 6.49-Mb inversion associated with the purple embryo spot trait in potato
Authors: Wang Pei , Cheng Lin , Pan Jun , Ma Lianlian , Hu Xiaojing , Zhang Zhong , Li Dawei , Zhu Yanhui , Chang Shiwei , Yuan Pingping , Kear Philip , Lassois Ludivine , Zhu Guangtao , Huang Sanwen , Du Hui , Zhang Chunzhi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The embryo spot trait leads to a deep purple or reddish coloration at the base of the cotyledons of the embryo, visible on both sides of flat potato (Solanum tuberosum) seeds. This trait has long been used by potato researchers and breeders as a morphological marker during dihaploid induction. The formation of embryo spots reflects the accumulation of anthocyanins, but the genetic basis of this trait remains unclear. In this study, we mapped the embryo spot trait to a 6.78-Mb region at the end of chromosome 10 using an F2 population derived from a cross between spotted and spotless plants. The recombination rate in the candidate region is severely suppressed, posing challenges for the map-based cloning of the underlying gene and suggesting large-scale rearrangements in this region. A de novo genome assembly of the spotted individual and a comparative genomic analysis to the reference genome of spotless potato revealed a 6.49-Mb inversion present in the spotted plant genome. The left breakpoint of this inversion occurred in the promoter region of an R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene that is highly expressed in the cotyledon base of spotted embryos but is not expressed in that of spotless embryos. This study elucidated the genetic basis for embryo spot formation in potato and provides a foundation for future cloning of the causative gene.
Unravelling the modes of phototoxicity of NIR absorbing chlorophyll derivative in cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions
Authors: Chatterjee Sucharita , Dube Alok , Majumder Shovan Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The efficacy of photodynamic treatment (PDT) against deep-seated tumor is hindered by low penetration depth of light as well as hypoxic conditions which prevails in tumor. To overcome this limitation, Near-infrared (NIR) absorbing photosensitizers have been investigated actively. In the present study we evaluated the PDT efficacy of an NIR absorbing chlorophyll derivative ‘Cycloimide Purpurin-18 (CIPp-18)’ in Human Breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and cervical adenocarcinoma (Hela) cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. PDT with CIPp-18 (2.0 µM, 3 h) and NIR light (700 ± 25 nm, 0.36–1.4 J /cm2) induced potent phototoxicity in both the cell lines. Under hypoxic conditions, PDT induced ~ 32% and 42% phototoxicity at LD50 and LD70 light dose, respectively, which corresponds to phototoxic dose under normoxia. CIPp-18 in neat buffer (pH 7.4) showed generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) as well as superoxide (O2

·–) radicals. Studies on ROS generation in cells using fluorescence probes and the effect of mechanistic probes of 1O2 (Sodium Azide, Histidine, D2O) and free radicals (DMSO, Mannitol, Cyanocobalamin, SOD-PEG) on phototoxicity show that 1O2 plays major role in phototoxicity under normoxia. Whereas, under hypoxic conditions, PDT led to no significant generation of ROS and phototoxicity remained unaffected by cyanocobalamin, a quencher of O2

·–. Moreover, CIPp-18 showed localization in cell membrane and PDT led to more pronounced loss of membrane permeability in cells under hypoxia than for normoxia. These results demonstrate that CIPp-18 is suitable for PDT of cancer cells under hypoxia and also suggest that phototoxicity under hypoxia is mediated via ROS-independent contact-dependent mechanism.

Graphical abstract
Artificial intelligence-based smart galliformes farm management system
Authors: Himel Galib Muhammad Shahriar , Islam Md. Masudul , Kader Md. Nasimul , Rahman Mustafizur 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article introduces an Artificial Intelligent-driven system for Galliformes Farm Management, consulting, and disease control. Comprising both a web-based mobile app and a website, the system integrates physical electronic devices to regulate intelligent automation. The application employs Artificial Neural Network and computer vision for the identification of breeds and the recognition of diseases in galliform birds, utilizing TensorFlow for real-time detection. It notifies local farmers about bird flu infections with an integrated infection map using Google's map Application Programming Interface. The system also controls farm temperature and humidity through microcontrollers and sensors, offering consulting features such as cost calculation, food chart generation, and drug suggestions.
Sugarcane biomass-derived biochar for soil quality enhancement in sugarcane-growing soil
Authors: Aluthge Mayuri D. , Weerasinghe Asiri S. , Wickramasinghe Upeksha M. , Kulasekara Buddhika R. , Kumarasiri Lahiru M. , Cooray Asitha T. , Rajapaksha Suneth P. , Vithanage Meththika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explored the barrel technique for biochar production, comparing it with laboratory-prepared biochar by evaluating the effect on sugarcane-growing soil quality. Different sugarcane biomass (bagasse, trash, and mini mill waste) derived biochar was prepared using a muffle furnace at three different temperatures (300, 450, and 600 °C) and with the barrel technique. Biochar was characterized by yield, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), proximate and ultimate analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterization. A pot experiment was conducted with soil amendments with biochar (bagasse biochar pyrolyzed at 450 °C–BBC-450 and bagasse biochar prepared from barrel technique–BBC-BT) at a 2.5% (w/w) rate. The initial, 45-day, and 90-day soil samples were analyzed by selected soil chemical and physical parameters. The soil quality index of the 90-day soil samples was determined. Sugarcane biomass-derived biochar was rich in carbon content (64.68%–85.43%). Biochar amendment led to significant enhancements in soil pH, EC, organic carbon (OC), water holding capacity, total N, available P and Zn, and exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg. The results of the 90-day soil samples indicated an increase in soil OC by 1.22% due to both biochar amendments relative to the controls. Available P increased by 2.59% in BBC-BT amended soil and by 23.05% in BBC-450 amended soil. The EC increment due to soil amendments with BBC-BT and BBC-450 was 33.33% and 16.67%, respectively, in the 90-day soil samples. The highest soil quality index was observed in BBC-BT. It can be concluded that BBC-BT enhances the soil quality of sugarcane-growing soil, and the barrel technique could serve as a viable option for small-scale farmers and for domestic use in producing biochar.

Graphical Abstract
Relationship of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Soil Nitrogen Cycling Along an Elevation Gradient in the Colorado Front Range
Authors: Repert Deborah A. , Heindel Ruth C. , Murphy Sheila F. , Jeanis Kaitlyn M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicrobial processing of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition regulates the retention and mobilization of N in soils, with important implications for water quality. Understanding the links between N deposition, microbial communities, N transformations, and water quality is critical as N deposition shifts toward reduced N and remains persistently high in many regions. Here, we investigated these connections along an elevation transect in the Colorado Front Range. Although rates of N deposition and pools of extractable N increased down the elevation transect, soil microbial communities and N transformation rates did not follow clear elevational patterns. The subalpine microbial community was distinct, corresponding to a high C:N ratio and low pH, while the microbial communities at the lower elevation sites were all very similar. Net nitrification, mineralization, and nitrification potential rates were highest at the Plains (1,700 m) and Montane (2,527 m) sites, suggesting that these ecosystems mobilize N. In contrast, the net immobilization of N observed at the Foothills (1,978 m) and Subalpine (3,015 m) sites suggests that these ecosystems retain N deposition. The contrast in N transformation rates between the plains and foothills, both of which receive elevated N deposition, may be due to spatial heterogeneity not captured in this study and warrants further investigation. Stream N concentrations from the subalpine to the foothills were consistently low, indicating that these soils are currently able to process and retain N deposition, but this may be disrupted if drought, wildfire, or land‐use change alter the ability of the soils to retain N.
Structural basis for the interaction between the Drosophila RTK Sevenless (dROS1) and the GPCR BOSS
Authors: Zhang Jianan , Tsutsui Yuko , Li Hengyi , Li Tongqing , Wang Yueyue , Laraki Salma , Alarcon-Frias Sofia , Stayrook Steven E. , Klein Daryl E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sevenless, the Drosophila homologue of ROS1 (University of Rochester Sarcoma) (herein, dROS1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) essential for the differentiation of Drosophila R7 photoreceptor cells. Activation of dROS1 is mediated by binding to the extracellular region (ECR) of the GPCR (G protein coupled receptor) BOSS (Bride Of Sevenless) on adjacent cells. Activation of dROS1 by BOSS leads to subsequent downstream signaling pathways including SOS (Son of Sevenless). However, the physical basis for how dROS1 interacts with BOSS has long remained unknown. Here we provide a cryo-EM structure of dROS1’s extracellular region, which mediates ligand binding. We show that the extracellular region of dROS1 adopts a folded-over conformation stabilized by an N-terminal domain comprised of two disulfide stapled helical hairpins. We further narrowed down the interacting binding epitopes on both dROS1 and BOSS using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). This includes beta-strands in dROS1’s third Fibronectin type III (FNIII) domain and a C-terminal peptide in BOSS’ ECR. Our mutagenesis studies, coupled with AlphaFold complex predictions, support a binding interaction mediated by a hydrophobic interaction and beta-strand augmentation between these regions. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the regulatory function of dROS1 and further provide mechanistic insight into the human ortholog and oncogene ROS1.
Incomplete human reference genomes can drive false sex biases and expose patient-identifying information in metagenomic data
Authors: Guccione Caitlin , Patel Lucas , Tomofuji Yoshihiko , McDonald Daniel , Gonzalez Antonio , Sepich-Poore Gregory D. , Sonehara Kyuto , Zakeri Mohsen , Chen Yang , Dilmore Amanda Hazel , Damle Neil , Baranzini Sergio E. , Hightower George , Nakatsuji Teruaki , Gallo Richard L. , Langmead Ben , Okada Yukinori , Curtius Kit , Knight Rob 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As next-generation sequencing technologies produce deeper genome coverages at lower costs, there is a critical need for reliable computational host DNA removal in metagenomic data. We find that insufficient host filtration using prior human genome references can introduce false sex biases and inadvertently permit flow-through of host-specific DNA during bioinformatic analyses, which could be exploited for individual identification. To address these issues, we introduce and benchmark three host filtration methods of varying throughput, with concomitant applications across low biomass samples such as skin and high microbial biomass datasets including fecal samples. We find that these methods are important for obtaining accurate results in low biomass samples (e.g., tissue, skin). Overall, we demonstrate that rigorous host filtration is a key component of privacy-minded analyses of patient microbiomes and provide computationally efficient pipelines for accomplishing this task on large-scale datasets.