bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of material measures for surface topography instrument calibration and performance verification
Authors: Pappas Athanasios , Newton Lewis , Thompson Adam , Leach Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As the need for the manufacturing of complex surface topographies increases, traceable measurement with known uncertainties can allow a manufacturing process to remain stable. Material measures are the link in the chain that connects the surface topography measurement instrument’s output to the definition of the metre. In this review, the use of material measures is examined for the purposes of instrument calibration and performance verification based on the metrological characteristics framework, as introduced in ISO 25178 part 600. The material measures associated with each metrological characteristic are investigated in terms of fabrication, geometry and functionality. Material measures for metrological characteristics are discussed in a sequential approach, focusing on material measures that have been developed for specific measurement technologies and optical surface topography measurement instruments. There remains a gap in the metrological characteristic framework for the characteristic, topography fidelity, and the review highlights current methods using reference metrology and alternative approaches using virtual instruments to quantify the effects of topography fidelity. The influence of primary instruments is also reviewed in the context of uncertainty propagation. In the conclusion, the current challenges are identified with regards to the scarcity of available material measures in the lower nanometre range, and the limitations in terms of cost, complexity, manufacturing time and industrial applicability.
Domain adaptive networks with limited data for rotating machinery fault diagnosis: a case of study of gears
Authors: Li Xueyi , Yu Tianyu , He Qiushi , Li Daiyou , Xie Zhijie , Kong Xiangwei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rotating machinery is one of the most common components in the industry. Therefore, timely and accurate fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is essential for the regular operation of equipment. At present, some achievements have been made in rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on a large number of marked fault data. However, most of the machines are in a normal state in actuality. Especially, the machines run under different loads, so it is costly to collect a large number of labeled fault data under different load distributions. To solve rotating machinery fault diagnosis in different load conditions with limited samples, a domain adaptive group convolutional neural network is proposed. Firstly, the least squares generative adversarial networks were used to expand the limited target sample data. By changing the objective function, the two defects of the low quality of the vibration signal generated by the traditional generative adversarial networks and the unstable training process are optimized. Secondly, the raw vibration signals in the source domain are pre-trained by the group convolutional neural network, and the group training network effectively reduces network parameters. Finally, the source domain signals and target domain signals were trained in domain adversarial networks to diagnose different distributed data in target domains. The proposed method is validated by collecting the raw vibration signals of gears under different loads and different health states, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved. Experimental validation shows that the method proposed in this paper achieves an average accuracy improvement of more than 12% compared to other existing methods.
A method for compensation of permanent magnetic field perturbation (PMFP) testing signal based on lift-off measurement
Authors: Hu Yu , Wang Shenghan , Duan Zhaoqi , Gao Yiming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel composite measurement method for defect detection, which integrates PMFP (permanent magnetic field perturbation) testing and lift-off measurement. The PMFP method is used to detect defects, while the permanent magnet is utilized to construct a magnetic bridge for lift-off measurement. In PMFP testing, the variation of lift-off can significantly affect the signal. To mitigate this effect, the proposed method compensates for the defect signal using the measured lift-off information, which effectively reduces the impact of lift-off variation during the testing. Therefore, this paper constructs a magnetic dipole model based on the PMFP method and analyzes the numerical relationship between the defect signal and lift-off. Based on this, a composite lift-off measurement method for PMFP with a signal compensation function is proposed. This multifunctional sensing method has a compact structure, which significantly reduces the impact of lift-off on the defect signal. The experimental results demonstrate that the confidence level can reach 93% after compensating for the amplitude of the defect signal. The proposed method exhibits excellent performance in practical applications.
Additive manufacturing materials for structural optimisation and cooling enhancement of superconducting motors in cryo-electric aircraft
Authors: Lumsden Grant , Ludbrook Bart , Rogers Rehn Nic , Solis Fernandez Fernando , Davies Mike , Chamritski Vadim , Signamneni Sarat , Badcock Rod 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Superconducting electric motors offer the potential for low weight and high power in applications such as electric aircraft and high speed marine transport. Combined with renewably-sourced cryogenic fuels and advanced fuel cells they offer a path to zero-carbon mass transport. The proposed architectures of these extreme machines, operating at temperatures around 20 K–50 K and employing very high alternating magnetic fields, require materials for the stator that are not electrically conducting and at the same time have good cryogenic structural performance. Additively manufactured (AM) materials can play a key role in these designs, and a collaboration between the Robinson Research Institute and Auckland University of Technology is studying the performance of a range of composite polymers in superconducting machine applications. There are significant challenges to be met, including understanding the effect of the build process on material properties at low temperatures, and also the effect of formulation changes on thermal properties. AM metals can be employed in the rotor components, where the magnetic field fluctuations are very small for our synchronous designs. In this usage case, we can achieve dramatic reductions in the weight of the rotor assembly by minimising the number of joints and facilitating the design of multi-functional components in our helium cooled, vacuum cryostat architecture. Novel design solutions have been developed for several key components in our prototype machines and these are discussed, along with cryogenic testing results for selected AM polymers and composites.
Strong-field vacuum polarisation with high energy lasers
Authors: Macleod A J , Edwards J P , Heinzl T , King B , Bulanov S V 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen photons propagate in vacuum they may fluctuate into matter pairs thus allowing the vacuum to be polarised. Thislineareffect leads to charge screening and renormalisation. When exposed to an intense background field anonlineareffect can arise when the vacuum is polarised by higher powers of the background. This nonlinearity breaks the superposition principle of classical electrodynamics, allowing for light-by-light scattering of probe and background photons mediated through virtual pairs dressed by the background. Vacuum polarisation is astrong-fieldeffect when all orders of interaction between the virtual pair and the background must be taken into account. In this investigation we show that multiple scattering processes of this type may be observed by utilising high-energy laser pulses with long pulse duration, such as are available at facilities like ELI Beamlines. In combination with appropriate sources of high-energy probe photons, multiple probe-background light-by-light scattering allows for testing the genuine nonlinear regime of strong-field quantum electrodynamics. This provides access to the uncharted non-perturbative regime beyond the weak-field limit.
Manipulation of phonon states in ion traps by shortcuts to adiabaticity
Authors: Yang Xueying , Xie Yi , Zhang Jie , Zhang Manchao , Wu Chunwang , Wu Wei , Chen Ting , Chen Ping-Xing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) provides the possibility of high accuracy manipulation of phonon states in ion traps. We propose a scheme realized experimentally for manipulating phonon states using STA and confirmed its effectiveness through generating Fock states. Our results show that the duration of the STA manipulation of phonon states is 16 times faster than that of the adiabatic evolution, and the non-resonant excitation can be suppressed by laser bias frequency, which are confirmed by experimental results. Moreover, we also carried out an experimental research on the robustness of STA, showing good robustness respect to the pulse shape deformation, bias noises and stochastic noise. This might lead to a useful step toward realizing fast and noise-resistant quantum manipulation within current experimental capacity.
Structural and topological phase transitions in Se doping-controlled intrinsic magnetic topological material FeBi2Te4
Authors: Guo Wen-Ti , Huang Zhigao , Zhang Jian-Min 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Defects profoundly affect the magnetic, electronic structure and topological behaviour of intrinsic magnetic topological insulators. Here, we investigate the magnetic, structural stability and topological properties of different Te atomic sites in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator FeBi2Te4 with Se substitution of the FM-z magnetic order. When Se replaces the outermost site of the septuple layer (the Te atomic layer connected by van der Waals bonds), the Se–Bi bond length formed with its nearest neighbour Bi is drastically shortened and the lattice constant and volume contract accordingly. We speculate that this defect-induced chemical bond enhancement is related to the strong electronegativity of Se over Te. In contrast, the system has lower formation energy, a more stable structure, and enhanced magnetic moment when Se replaces the Te atomic layer inside the septuple layer. Also, we reveal a variety of topological phase transitions due to substitution defects. FeBi2Te4 is considered to belong to the

z

2

×

z

4

topological classification of higher-order topological insulators with z
4 = 2. The system after Se substitution can be transformed into Weyl semimetals, strong 3D topological insulators, and unknown topological materials without symmetry-base indicators, respectively.
Study of single electron capture in O6+ + He collisions
Authors: Meng T , Ma M X , Tu B , Ma P , Zhang Y W , Liu L , Xiao J , Yao K , Zou Y , Wu Y , Wang J G , Wei B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Research on electron capture (EC) process are undoubtedly helpful for maturing theoretical models on ion-induced collision especially for low-energy region. In this work, a two-active-electron semiclassical asymptotic-state close-coupling method was used to calculate the total and l-solved state-selective single EC cross sections of O6+ + He collisions in the energy range of 0.3–100 keV u−1, accompanied with experimental measurements in the energy range of 2.63–37.5 keV u−1 with an uncertainty of 11% in good agreement. Above 4.5 keV u−1, the state-selective cross section of n = 5 was reported experimentally for the first time. Calculations with multiple theoretical methods were gathered and compared with present calculations. The importance of two-active-electrons correlation and large basis sets in theoretical calculations was found, and discrepancies between previous theoretical and experimental results can be explained by the present results.
Numerical study of MoSe2-based dual-heterojunction with In2Te3 BSF layer toward high-efficiency photovoltaics
Authors: Sultana Basra , Islam A T M Saiful , Haque Md. Dulal , Kuddus Abdul , Ali Md. Hasan , Rahman Md. Ferdous 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2)-based dual-heterojunction with Indium Telluride (In2Te3) as an absorber and a back surface field (BSF) layers with Al/ITO/CdS/MoSe2/In2Te3/Ni heterostructure has been studied by SCAPS-1D simulator. To explore the potentiality of layered materials in photovoltaic devices, a detailed investigation has been executed on the CdS window, MoSe2 absorber, and In2Te3 BSF layers at varied layer thicknesses, carrier concentrations, interface and defect densities, resistances, and operating temperatures. The photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.78% with short circuit current J
sc of 30.55 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage V
oc of 0.95 V, and fill factor FF of 85.5% were obtained in the reference cell (without the In2Te3 BSF layer), while a notably improved PCE of 29.94% (5.16% higher) with J
sc of 31.06 mA cm−2, V
oc of 1.10 V, and FF of 87.28% was achieved by inserting the In2Te3 BSF layer. With a favorable band alignment and almost similar chemical and physical properties as transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) materials, the proposed dual heterostructure with CdS, MoSe2, and In2Te3 exhibits huge potential as a photoactive material and paves a pathway for the fabrication of uniquely layered material-based thin, flexible high-efficiency solar cells.
Microwave assisted switching in two-phase nanowires
Authors: Thanos Christos , Panagiotopoulos Ioannis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Micromagnetic simulations are used to study the resonances and the microwave assisted magnetic switching (MAS) in two-phase Co/CoPt nanowires. This is chosen as an interesting model system in which the processes of nucleation, interfacial domain wall pinning, and propagation are well distinguished and can all come into play. The coupling strength is varied to cover both smooth (strong coupling) and stepped (weak coupling) hysteresis curves. At intermediate coupling strengths interfacial resonances play an important role in MAS and enable to find optimal conditions combining both low MAS frequencies and dc applied fields. There is always a tradeoff between using low fields and achieving short reversal time.
Monotonic and cyclic axial compressive responses of concrete specimens externally confined with different types of FRP composites: experimental and analytical investigations
Authors: Rodsin Kittipoom , Hussain Qudeer , Parichatprecha Rattapoohm 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the monotonic and cyclic axial stress versus strain response of the concrete confined with different types of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites such as cotton fiber rope reinforced polymer (CFRRP), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Another objective was to investigate the applicability of existing ultimate strength models to predict the ultimate strength of concrete confined with CFRRP, GFRP and CFRP composites. For this, a total number of 28 concrete cylinders were cast, strengthened and tested under pure axial compression. The concrete cylinders were strengthened with two and four layers of FRPs. The experimental results indicate that all kinds of FRPs are very useful to alter the ultimate strength and strain of the confined concrete. The highest increase in ultimate strength was recorded for CFRP composite confined specimens and the highest increase in ultimate strain was observed for CFRRP composite confined specimens. Further, both ultimate strength and ultimate strains are found higher in the case of cyclic loads compared with the monotonic load. In general, the stress versus strain curves of cotton fiber rope and glass FRPs are found trilinear. Whereas, stress versus strain curves of CFRP confined specimens are observed to be bilinear. Existing ultimate strength models developed for CFRRP and CFRP composites are found well accurate to predict the ultimate strengths of CFRRP and CFRP confined concrete specimens tested in this study.
Inference and physics applications of the logistic-exponential parameters using adaptive progressively hybrid censoring
Authors: Nassar Mazen , Alotaibi Refah , Elshahhat Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To save test time and costs and to improve the efficiency of the experiments, an adaptive Type-II progressively hybrid censored technique has been developed. Besides two standard methods of parameter inference, namely, likelihood and product of spacing approaches, the Bayesian method is further used in this study to explore the issue of estimating model parameters, reliability, and hazard rate functions of the logistic-exponential distribution via the adaptive Type-II progressively hybrid censored mechanism. The relevant approximate confidence intervals for unknown parameters of life are also acquired using the normal approximations of the frequentist estimators. Under the squared error loss function, Bayesian estimators are obtained using independent gamma priors. Because of the complicated form of the posterior distributions, the Bayes estimators and associated credible intervals cannot be computed analytically, but they can be examined by employing Monte Carlo Markov Chain methodologies. The actual performance of the offered estimation procedures is examined using Monte Carlo simulations. Four optimality criteria are also utilized to select the optimum censoring scheme. Two physical applications are considered to show the operability and applicability of the various methods. The numerical findings show that our proposed methodologies perform well and demonstrate that the offered estimates are satisfactory in practice.
Image encryption algorithm based on ElGamal cryptography and selective random diffusion
Authors: Guo Liming , He Jianqing , Ye Guodong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Some current image encryption schemes are independent of the plaintext, leading to a vulnerability to the chosen-plaintext attack under symmetric structure. To address this issue, an asymmetric image encryption algorithm with plaintext correlation is suggested, after analyzing various image encryption schemes using chaotic systems. First, a three-dimensional New Logistic-Sine Map (NewLSM) is designed by coupling Logistic map and Sine map, considering them as seed maps. Analyses prove that the NewLSM has a wider continuous chaotic interval and more complex chaotic behavior than seed maps. Secondly, to enhance the keystream associated with plaintext, a new key acquisition model is constructed, i.e., NewMKG, by combining the hash function SHA-3 with the public key ElGamal cryptography. Then, employing the NewLSM and the NewMKG, a new image encryption algorithm with asymmetric structure is presented using classical framework of confusion-diffusion. In particular, a new diffusion method is proposed after confusion, namely, selective random diffusion (NewSRD). Moreover, experiments and analyses indicate that a good performance can be reached for the proposed algorithm. For example, the value of information entropy for the obtained cipher image is close to eight.
Mechanical and metallurgical characterization of B4C and SiC reinforced stir casted AA6061 hybrid MMC
Authors: Balasubramani Veerappan , Pandiarajan R , Stalin Balasubramanian , Kavimani Vijayananth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present work was the novel investigation of mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of stir casted AA6061 based metal matrix composites (MMC) and hybrid MMCs. The reinforcements utilized in the investigation were silicon carbide and boron carbide. The thirteen stir casted MMC and hybrid MMC samples were tested for ultimate tensile strength, microhardness, fractography and wear performance. The stir casting process had enhanced the reinforcement distribution within the aluminium matrix. The enhancement in ultimate tensile strength was observed due to the addition of reinforcements in increasing weight percentages with the hybrid MMC exhibiting peak ultimate strength which was a 32.17% improvement against the non-reinforced AA6061 alloy. The formation of reinforcement particulates had enhanced microhardness of the specimens with the peak microhardness observed for boron carbide reinforced MMC exhibiting microhardness 25.41% higher than the base alloy. The hybrid MMC exhibited ductile fracture with highest elongation corresponding to the highest ultimate tensile strength. The wear performance analysis revealed reduced wear rates for the particulate reinforced specimen with highest weight percentage of reinforcements.
Time-domain supersymmetry for massless scalar and electromagnetic fields in anisotropic cosmologies
Authors: Asenjo Felipe A , Hojman Sergio A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is shown that any cosmological anisotropic model produces supersymmetric theories for both massless scalar and electromagnetic (abelian) fields. This supersymmetric theory is the time-domain analogue of a supersymmetric quantum mechanics algebra theory. In this case, the variations of the anisotropic scale factors of the Universe are responsible for triggering the supersymmetry. For scalar fields, the superpartner fields evolve in two different cosmological scenarios (Universes). On the other hand, for propagating electromagnetic fields, supersymmetry is manifested through its polarization degrees of freedom in one Universe. In this case, polarization degrees of freedom of electromagnetic waves, which are orthogonal to its propagation direction, become superpartners from each other. This behavior can be measured, for example, through the rotation of the plane of polarization of cosmological light.
Relativistic matter bispectrum of cosmic structures on the light cone
Authors: Montandon Thomas , Adamek Julian , Hahn Oliver , Noreña Jorge , Rampf Cornelius , Stahl Clément , van Tent Bartjan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUpcoming surveys of cosmic structures will probe scales close to the cosmological horizon, which opens up new opportunities for testing the cosmological concordance model to high accuracy. In particular, constraints on the squeezed bispectrum could rule out the single-field hypothesis during inflation. However, the squeezed bispectrum is also sensitive to dynamical effects of general relativity as well as interactions of matter with residual radiation from the early Universe. In this paper, we present a relativistic simulation pipeline that includes these relativistic effects consistently. We produce light cones and calculate the observed number counts of cold dark matter for five redshift bins betweenz= 0.55-2.25. We compare the relativistic results against reference Newtonian simulations by means of angular power- and bispectra. We find that the dynamical relativistic effects scale roughly inversely proportional to the multipole in the angular power spectrum, with a maximum amplitude of 10% forℓ≲ 5. By using a smoothing method applied to the binned bispectrum we detect the Newtonian bispectrum with very high significance. The purely relativistic part of the matter bispectrum, obtained by subtracting the Newtonian bispectrum from the relativistic one, is detected with a significance of ∼ 3σ, mostly limited by cosmic variance. We find that the pure dynamical relativistic effects accounts for up to 3% and 10% of the total amplitude, respectively in the squeezed and equilateral limits. Our relativistic pipeline for modelling ultra-large scales yields gauge-independent results as we compute observables consistently on the past light cone, while the Newtonian treatment employs approximations that leave some residual gauge dependence. A gauge-invariant approach is required in order to meet the expected level of precision of forthcoming probes of cosmic structures on ultra-large scales.