bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Etiologies of Visual Disturbance After Cataract Surgery Identified in Neuro-Ophthalmology Clinics
Authors: Lin Shuai-Chun , Giang Angie , Liu Grant T. , Avery Robert A. , Shindler Kenneth S. , Hamedani Ali G. , Ross Ahmara G. , Tamhankar Madhura A. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
To identify the frequency and etiologies of visual disturbances after cataract surgery in patients referred to Neuro-ophthalmology.

Methods:
This study is a retrospective chart review. Records of patients 18 years and older referred to neuro-ophthalmology clinics for new-onset visual disturbances within 6 months of cataract surgery were reviewed. Those with pre-existing neuro-ophthalmic disorders, combined intraocular procedures with cataract surgery, or inadequate follow-up were excluded. The main outcome measures were frequency and etiologies of visual disturbances after cataract surgery. Secondary analyses of a cohort of patients who had cataract surgery at our institution were performed to determine the frequency and etiology of visual disturbances after uneventful cataract surgery.

Results:
One hundred seventy-three patients met the inclusion criteria (internal referral: 36/173, from outside surgeons: 137/173). Sixty-one percent (106/173) were newly diagnosed with neuro-ophthalmic etiologies, including 21% (36/173) with afferent and 40% (70/173) with efferent disorders. Thirty-six percent (62/173) of patients had non neuro-ophthalmic causes and 3% (5/173) had systemic conditions responsible for visual disturbances postoperatively. Decompensated strabismus causing diplopia was the most common neuro-ophthalmic diagnosis after cataract surgery (50%, 53/106). Of the 13,715 patients who had cataract surgery performed at our institution over a 9-year period, 20 of 36 patients referred for visual disturbances were identified with neuro-ophthalmic etiologies of which 85% (17/20) had postoperative diplopia.

Conclusions:
In our study, decompensated strabismus causing diplopia was the most common neuro-ophthalmic visual disturbance after cataract surgery. Detailed history and ocular alignment should be assessed before cataract surgery to identify patients with the risk.
Shared Decision-Making in General Surgery: Prospective Comparison of Telemedicine vs In-Person Visits
Authors: Hawkins Alexander T , Ueland Thomas , Aher Chetan , Geiger Timothy M , Spann Matthew D , Horst Sara N , Schafer Isabella V , Ye Fei , Fan Run , Sharp Kenneth W 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated a shift toward virtual telemedicine appointments with surgeons. While this form of healthcare delivery has potential benefits for both patients and surgeons, the quality of these interactions remains largely unstudied. We hypothesize that telemedicine visits are associated with lower quality of shared decision-making.STUDY DESIGN:We performed a mixed-methods, prospective, observational cohort trial. All patients presenting for a first-time visit at general surgery clinics between May 2021 and June 2022 were included. Patients were categorized by type of visit: in-person vs telemedicine. The primary outcome was the level of shared decision-making as captured by top box scores of the CollaboRATE measure. Secondary outcomes included quality of shared decision-making as captured by the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire and satisfaction with consultation survey. An adjusted analysis was performed accounting for potential confounders. A qualitative analysis of open-ended questions for both patients and practitioners was performed.RESULTS:During a 13-month study period, 387 patients were enrolled, of which 301 (77.8%) underwent in-person visits and 86 (22.2%) underwent telemedicine visits. The groups were similar in age, sex, employment, education, and generic quality-of-life scores. In an adjusted analysis, a visit type of telemedicine was not associated with either the CollaboRATE top box score (odds ratio 1.27; 95% CI 0.74 to 2.20) or 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (β −0.60; p = 0.76). Similarly, there was no difference in other outcomes. Themes from qualitative patient and surgeon responses included physical presence, time investment, appropriateness for visit purpose, technical difficulties, and communication qualityCONCLUSIONS:In this large, prospective study, there does not appear to be a difference in quality of shared decision making in patients undergoing in-person vs telemedicine appointments.
Long-Term Survival Outcomes after Operative Management of Chronic Pancreatitis: Two Decades of Experience
Authors: Wilson Gregory C , Turner Kevin M , Delman Aaron M , Wahab Shaun , Ofosu Andrew , Smith Milton T , Choe Kyuran A , Patel Sameer H , Ahmad Syed A 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Chronic pancreatitis is a debilitating, life altering disease; however, the long-term outcomes following operative intervention have not been established.

Study Design:
Patients who underwent operative intervention at a single institution between 2000 to 2020 for chronic pancreatitis were included and survival assessed utilizing the National Death Index.

Results:
493 patients who underwent 555 operative interventions for chronic pancreatitis over two decades were included. 48.5% underwent total pancreatectomy ± islet auto transplantation, 21.7% underwent a duodenal preserving pancreatic head resection and/or drainage procedure, 16.2% underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy, and 12.8% underwent a distal pancreatectomy. The most common etiology of chronic pancreatitis was idiopathic (41.8%), followed by alcohol (28.0%), and known genetic polymorphisms (9.9%). With a median follow-up of 83.9 months, median overall survival (OS) was 202.7 months, with a 5- and 10-year OS of 81.3% and 63.5%. 165 patients were deceased, and the most common causes of death included: infections (16.4%, n=27), cardiovascular disease (12.7%, n=21), and diabetes related causes (10.9%, n=18). On long-term follow-up, 73.1% (n=331) of patients remained opioid free while 58.7% (n=266) were insulin dependent diabetics. On multivariate cox-proportional hazards modeling, only persistent opioid use (HR:3.91 95%CI:2.45-6.24, p<0.01) was associated worse OS.

Conclusion:
Our results represent the largest series to date evaluating long-term survival outcomes in patients with chronic pancreatitis following operative intervention. Our data give insight into the cause of death and allow for the development of mitigation strategies and long-term monitoring of co-morbid conditions.
Effective interventions to reduce loneliness in big cities
Authors: Fischer Ronald , Hartle Larissa 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Loneliness is a state of distress or discomfort between the desired and experienced level of connectedness to others. These feelings may be particular salient in urban environments that seemingly offer more opportunities for social contact, highlighting the discrepancy. The topic of loneliness has received increased attention because of its negative impact on mental and physical health combined with concerns of increased loneliness due to lockdowns and social distancing regulations during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We provide a bibliometric and random-effects meta-analysis of clinical trials published since 2020 and available via PubMed.

Recent findings
Loneliness interventions have predominantly focused on elderly in the community. Adolescents and young adults as a second group at risk have received much less attention. On average across 44 effect sizes studied in 38 trials, interventions show moderate levels of effectiveness but are characterized by high heterogeneity and trials are often underpowered and use low quality designs. Multidimensional interventions show promise for alleviating loneliness, but the intervention context needs greater attention.

Summary
Scalable and effective interventions for the general population and at-risk groups of loneliness are still scarce. Some promising interventions have been trialled and merit further attention.
Age-Dependent Dose Increase During an Acute Electroconvulsive Therapy Series
Authors: Plemper Jana , Sartorius Alexander , Karl Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) dose is highly relevant for ECT efficacy as well as adverse effects. It is often based on seizure threshold (ST). Studies have shown that ST increases over the course of an ECT series. Clinical observation suggests that this rise might be more pronounced in geriatric patients.

Methods
Retrospectively, we analyzed ECT dose during the first 20 ECT treatments in 472 patients undergoing ECT. Dose adjustments were assessed in relation to patients' age using generalized least squares regression analysis. Response was defined as Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale < 4.

Results
Dose increased in all patients during the course of the ECT series (mean initial dose, 64.97 ± 68.04 mC; at 10th ECT, 385.46 ± 211.28 mC). Dose was significantly correlated with ECT treatment number, electrode placement, and the interaction between age and ECT treatment number. In other words, dose increase was significantly positively correlated with increasing age, that is dose increased more in older compared with younger patients during the course of an ECT series (z = 9.47, P < 0.001). Response was not correlated with age-dependent dose increase; however, the length of the ECT series in responders was negatively associated with the dose increase from the first to the seventh ECT session (F = 5.28, P = 0.0228).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that ST increases more rapidly during the course of an ECT series in older compared with younger patients. To ensure high efficacy throughout the course of treatment, attention should be paid to decreasing seizure quality, especially in older patients, and dose should be adjusted accordingly.
In vivo Tracing of the Ascending Vagal Projections to the Brain with Manganese Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Oleson Steven , Cao Jiayue , Wang Xiaokai , Liu Zhongming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe vagus nerve, the primary neural pathway mediating brain-body interactions, plays an essential role in transmitting bodily signals to the brain. Despite its significance, our understanding of the detailed organization and functionality of vagal afferent projections remains incomplete. In this study, we utilized manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) as a non-invasive method for tracing vagal nerve projections to the brainstem in vivo and assessing their functional dependence on cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Manganese chloride solution was injected into the nodose ganglion of rats, and T1-weighted MRI scans were performed 12 and 24 hours post-injection. Our findings reveal that vagal afferent neurons can uptake and transport manganese ions, serving as a surrogate for calcium ions, to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem. In the absence of VNS, we observed significant contrast enhancements of around 19 to 24% in the NTS ipsilateral to the injection side. Application of VNS for four hours further promoted nerve activity, leading to greater contrast enhancements of 40 to 43% in the NTS. These results underline the potential of MEMRI for high-resolution, activity-dependent tracing of vagal afferents, providing a valuable tool for the structural and functional assessment of the vagus nerve and its influence on brain activity.
A panel-agnostic strategy ‘HiPPo’ improves diagnostic efficiency in the UK Genome Medicine Service
Authors: Seaby Eleanor G. , Thomas N. Simon , Hunt David , Baralle Diana , Rehm Heidi L. , O’Donnell-Luria Anne , Ennis Sarah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenome sequencing is now available as a clinical test on the National Health Service (NHS) through the Genome Medicine Service (GMS). The GMS have set out an analytical strategy that predominantly filters genome data on a pre-selected gene panel(s). Whilst this approach reduces the number of variants requiring assessment by reporting laboratories, pathogenic variants outside of the gene panel applied may be missed, and candidate variants in novel genes are largely ignored.This study sought to compare a research exome analysis to an independent clinical genome analysis performed through the NHS for the same group of patients. When analysing the exome data, we applied a panel agnostic approach filtering for variants withHighPathogenicPotential (HiPPo) using ClinVar, allele frequency, andin silicoprediction tools. We then compared this gene agnostic analysis to the panel-based approach as applied by the GMS to genome data. Later we restricted HiPPo variants to a panel of the Gene Curation Coalition (GenCC) morbid genes and compared the diagnostic yield with the variants filtered using the GMS strategy.24 patients from 8 families underwent parallel research exome sequencing and GMS genome sequencing. HiPPo analysis applied to research exome data identified a similar number of variants as the gene panel-based approach applied by the GMS. GMS clinical genome analysis identified and returned 2 pathogenic variants and 3 variants of uncertain significance. HiPPo research exome analysis identified the same variants plus an additional pathogenic variant and a further 3de novovariants of uncertain significance in novel genes, where case series and functional studies are underway. When HiPPo was restricted to GenCC disease genes (strong or definitive), the same pathogenic variants were identified yet statistically fewer variants required assessment to identify more diagnostic variants than reported by the GMS genome strategy. This gave a diagnostic rate per variant assessed of 20% for HiPPo restricted to GenCC versus 3% for the GMS panel-based approach. With plans to sequence 5 million more NHS patients, strategies are needed to optimise the full potential of genome data beyond gene panels whilst minimising the burden of variants that require clinical assessment.
Chromosome 10q24.32 Variants Associate with Brain Arterial Diameters in Diverse Populations: A Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Liu Minghua , Khasiyev Farid , Sariya Sanjeev , Spagnolo-Allende Antonio , Sanchez Danurys L , Andrews Howard , Yang Qiong , Beiser Alexa , Qiao Ye , Thomas Emy A , Romero Jose Rafael , Rundek Tatjana , Brickman Adam M , Manly Jennifer J , Elkind Mitchell SV , Seshadri Sudha , Chen Christopher , Sacco Ralph L , Hilal Saima , Wasserman Bruce A , Tosto Giuseppe , Fornage Myriam , Gutierrez Jose 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrain arterial diameters are novel imaging biomarkers of cerebrovascular disease, cognitive decline and dementia. Traditional vascular risk factors have been associated with brain arterial diameters but whether there may be genetic determinants of brain arterial diameters is unknown.ResultsWe studied 4150 participants from six geographically diverse population-based cohorts (40% European, 14% African, 22% Hispanic, 24% Asian ancestries). We measured brain arterial diameters for 13 segments and averaged them to obtain a global measure of brain arterial diameters as well as the posterior and anterior circulations. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 14 variants at one locus associated with global brain arterial diameter at genome-wide significance (P<5×10−8) (top SNP, rs7921574; β =0.06, P=1.54×10−8). This locus mapped to an intron ofCNNM2. A trans-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified two more loci atNT5C2(rs10748839; P=2.54×10−8) and atAS3MT(rs10786721; P=4.97×10−8), associated with global brain arterial diameter. In addition, two SNPs co-localized with expression ofCNNM2(rs7897654, β=0.12, P=6.17×10−7) andAL356608.1(rs10786719, β =-0.17, P=6.60×10−6) in brain tissue. For the posterior brain arterial diameter, two variants at one locus mapped to an intron ofTCF25were identified (top SNP, rs35994878; β =0.11, P=2.94×10−8). For the anterior brain arterial diameter, one locus atADAP1was identified in trans-ancestry genome-wide association analysis (rs34217249; P=3.11×10−8).ConclusionOur study reveals three novel risk loci (CNNM2, NT5C2 and AS3MT) associated with brain arterial diameters. Our finding may elucidate the mechanisms by which brain arterial diameters influence the risk of stroke and dementia.
Taxonomic difference in marine bloom-forming phytoplanktonic species affects dynamics of both bloom-responding prokaryotes and prokaryotic viruses
Authors: Takebe Hiroaki , Tominaga Kento , Isozaki Tatsuhiro , Watanabe Tetsuhiro , Yamamoto Keigo , Kamikawa Ryoma , Yoshida Takashi 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe production of dissolved organic matter during phytoplankton blooms and consumption by heterotrophic prokaryotes promotes marine carbon biogeochemical cycling. Although prokaryotic viruses are crucial biological entities, their dynamics during such blooms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the dynamics of coastal prokaryotic communities and viruses during blooms in a microcosm experiment using dissolved intracellular fractions of taxonomically distinct phytoplankton, the diatomChaetocerossp. (CIF) and the raphidophycean algaHeterosigma akashiwo(HIF). Ribosomal RNA gene amplicon and viral metagenomic analyses revealed that particular prokaryotes and prokaryotic viruses specifically increased in either CIF and HIF, indicating that different phytoplankton intracellular fractions promote distinct dynamics of not only prokaryotic community but also prokaryotic viruses. Our microcosm experiments and environmental data mining identified both known and novel possible host-virus pairs. In particular, a growth of phytoplanktonic organic matter-associated prokaryotes, such as BacteroidetesPolaribacterand NS9 marine group,Vibriospp., and RhodobacterialesNereidaandPlanktomarina, was accompanied by an increase in viruses predicted to infect Bacteroidetes,Vibrio, and Rhodobacteriales, respectively. Collectively, our findings suggest that elucidating tripartite relationships among phytoplankton, prokaryotes, and prokaryotic viruses would further our understanding of coastal microbial ecosystems.We state that-All the data underlying the study are available at the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) under project number PRJDB14359 and accession number DRA014887.-This study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 16H06429, No. 17H03850, No. 21H05057, and No. 21J14854) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).-We have no potential conflicts of interest to declare.-We have read and understood your journal’s policies, and we believe that neither the manuscript nor the study violates any of these.-We do not use any clinical data, human subjects, or laboratory animals.-None of the materials have been published or are under consideration for publication elsewhere.CRediTHiroaki Takebe: Funding acquisition, conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, visualization, and writing (original draft). Kento Tominaga: Conceptualization, investigation, and writing (review and editing). Tatsuhiro Isozaki: investigation. Tetsuhiro Watanabe: Resources. Keigo Yamamoto: Resources. Ryoma Kamikawa: Conceptualization, supervision, and writing (review and editing). Takashi Yoshida: Funding acquisition, project administration, conceptualization, supervision, and writing (review and editing).
Aurora kinase A/AURKA interacts with the mitochondrial ATP synthase to regulate energy metabolism and cell death
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Chafik Abderrahman , Bertolin Giulia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCancer cells often hijack metabolic pathways to obtain the energy required to sustain their proliferation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell metabolism is key to fine-tune the metabolic preference of specific tumors, and potentially offer new therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that the pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial Complex V delays the cell cycle by arresting breast cancer cell models in the G0/G1 phase. Under these conditions, the abundance of the multifunctional protein Aurora kinase A/AURKA is specifically lowered. We then demonstrate that AURKA directly interacts with the mitochondrial Complex V core subunits ATP5F1A and ATP5F1B. Altering the AURKA/ATPF1A/ATPF1B nexus is sufficient to trigger G0/G1 arrest, and this is accompanied by decreased glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration rates. Last, we discover that the roles of the AURKA/ATPF1A/ATPF1B nexus depend on the specific metabolic propensity of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, where they correlate with cell fate. On one hand, the nexus induces G0/G1 arrest in cells relying on oxidative phosphorylation as the main source of energy. On the other hand, it allows to bypass cell cycle arrest and it triggers cell death in cells with a glycolytic metabolism. Altogether, we provide evidence that AURKA and mitochondrial Complex V subunits cooperate to maintain cell metabolism in breast cancer cells. Our work paves the way to novel anti-cancer therapies targeting the AURKA/ATPF1A/ATPF1B nexus to lower cancer cell metabolism and proliferation.
The hidden barriers to social value delivery in megaprojects: investigating the decision-making environment
Authors: Siva Jessica , Gajendran Thayaparan 
Published: February 2023

PurposeMegaprojects are seen as vehicles for delivering significant social value. However, megaproject decision-making, which is deeply embedded in networks comprising formal and informal practices involving the exercise of power, can facilitate or hinder social value delivery. Moreover, these decision-making practices are often intentionally designed and executed to remain hidden and so are not easily identifiable but have implications for maximising social value. This paper aims to identify the hidden barriers to social value delivery on megaprojects resulting from the decision-making environment.Design/methodology/approachGovernmentality theory was used to deconstruct the megaproject decision-making environment. The critical realism philosophy was merged with a narrative inquiry approach to analyse the everyday, taken-for-granted practices that resulted in the decision-making outcomes. Data were collected through 22 in-depth semi-structured interviews to uncover stories highlighting the nature of power relations underpinning the decision-making environment of one megaproject in the Asia Pacific region.FindingsGovernmentality theory as a lens showed that emergent, informal governing practices blend with formal governance mechanisms, creating a complex mix of overt and covert power dynamics. The findings suggest that the exercise of covert power by project team members through deviant tactics hinders social value delivery. Therefore, understanding the power dynamics that influence the decision-making of project team members is key for maximising social value delivery.Originality/valueOriginality stems from the use of governmentality theory and critical realism to deconstruct and explain the megaproject decision-making environment, enabling observation of otherwise challenging-to-understand, complex and hidden barriers to the delivery of social value. This paper offers a novel way of explaining social value delivery through megaproject decision-making.