bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of injecting-related bacterial and fungal infection among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wheeler Alice , Masters Jeffrey , Pradhan Alyssa , Roth Jess Monineath , Degenhardt Prof Louisa , Dore Gregory J , Matthews Gail V , Cunningham Evan B , Peacock Amy , Colledge-Frisby Samantha , Grebely Jason , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Martinello Marianne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Despite increasing burden of injecting-related bacterial and fungal infection, there has been no recent synthesis of their epidemiology. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating prevalence and incidence of injecting-related infection among people who inject drugs.

Methods
We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for articles published from January 1, 2010. Eligible studies assessed the prevalence or incidence of at least one injecting-related infection among people who recently injected drugs. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled estimates of infection prevalence, according to infection type and prevalence period.

Results
Of 8,097 articles identified, 87 were eligible for inclusion (78 prevalence, 9 incidence). Data were available for 25 countries including 10 low- or middle-income countries. Prevalence of skin and soft tissue infections (including skin abscess and cellulitis) was 13% in the past month (11 studies; 95%CI 9-19%), 30% in the past 3-12 months (23 studies; 95%CI 23-37%), and 47% across the lifetime (7 studies; 95%CI 29-66%). Prevalence of endocarditis was 2% in the past month (4 studies; 95%CI 1-3%), 2% in the past 3-12 months (5 studies; 95%CI 2-3%), and 6% across the lifetime (8 studies; 95%CI 3-10%). Prevalence of sepsis and/or bloodstream infection was 1% in the past month (2 studies; 95%CI 1-2%), 7% in the past 3-12 months (3 studies; 95%CI 4-13%), and 8% across the lifetime (5 studies; 95%CI 3-19%).

Conclusions
Injecting-related infections are a common complication of injecting drug use. Interventions to reduce their occurrence and associated disease burden are needed.
Osr40g3 Imparts Salt Tolerance by Regulating GF14e-mediated Gibberellin Metabolism to Activate EG45 in Rice
Authors: Roy Chandan , Sahid Salman , Debgupta Jadav , Roy Ananya , Shee Dibyendu , Datta Riddhi , Paul Soumitra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Under changing environmental conditions, salt stress is a serious threat to agriculture. The R40 family lectins are known to be associated with osmotic stress response, although their mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we report that Osr40g3, upregulated by salt, improves salt tolerance but causes pollen sterility and poor seed development in rice when constitutively overexpressed. Osr40g3 knockout lines, on the other hand, display salt sensitivity with no other phenotypic aberration. Further studies revealed that the gene exhibits a precise tissue-specific expression pattern essential for seed development. Overexpressing the Osr40g3 with its native promoter alleviates pollen sterility and improves salt tolerance. In-depth molecular studies demonstrated that Osr40g3 positively regulates an expansin protein, OsEG45, while decreasing the stability of a 14-3-3 protein, OsGF14e. Correspondingly, OsEG45 overexpression, OsGF14e silencing lines and the double mutants display salt tolerance, supporting the involvement of the Osr40g3-OsGF14e-OsEG45 module in salt tolerance. Moreover, constitutive overexpression of Osr40g3 or silencing of OsGF14e diminishes gibberellic acid (GA) accumulation that activates the OsEG45 gene. Together, our study highlights that the Osr40g3 confers salt tolerance by negatively regulating OsGF14e while positively regulating OsEG45 via a GA-dependent pathway.
Polysubstance toxicity deaths in Newfoundland and Labrador: a retrospective study
Authors: Raza Syed Z , Whitten Cindy , Randell Shane , Sparkes Brooklyn , Denic Nash 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The present study examined the prevalence of polysubstance toxicity deaths in Newfoundland and Labrador between 2018 and 2023, describing sociodemographics of decedents and the most common substances contributing to death.

Methods
Death investigation data from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner pertaining to polysubstance toxicity was obtained. Polysubstance toxicity deaths were defined as drug toxicity deaths in which substances from more than one drug class contributed to death. Trends in sociodemographics and substance combinations were quantitatively summarized.

Results
313 individuals died from drug toxicity in the province between 2018 and 2023. Most deaths (n = 185, 59%) were determined to be caused by polysubstance toxicity. Polysubstance deaths increased 46% from 26 in 2018 to 38 in 2023. Most deaths were accidental in manner and the proportion of yearly accidental deaths increased sharply through the study period from 69% in 2018 to 89% in 2023. Male decedents outnumbered female decedents across the study period except for 1 year (2022), and young people (&lt; 40 years old) had the highest death rate in the most recent study year. Cocaine was the most prevalent substance in toxicology reports and the combination of stimulants-opioids was the most prevalent drug class combination, followed by benzodiazepines-opioids and sedatives-opioids.

Conclusion
Polysubstance toxicity is rising in Newfoundland and Labrador in recent years and our findings provide important information about sociodemographics and substance combinations to policymakers to aid in addressing this public health issue.
Knowing receipt, characterisation, and proper law: a persistent duty and the cloak of invisibility
Authors: Tsui Zealot Kenneth , Lam Wang Tat Max 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The categorisation of knowing receipt remains uncertain in both domestic and private international law contexts, despite efforts by judges and scholars to clarify it. This article argues that knowing receipt is viewed as a breach of a continuing restorative and custodial duty owed to the beneficiary. It explains how these duties arise and outlines their content. Under this view, the traditional proprietary and fault-based perspectives on knowing receipt can be reconciled while establishing an equitable nexus for the claim. Additionally, this article suggests that this perspective aligns with the sui generis characterisation in private international law, preventing circumvention of liability.
Artificial Intelligence Meets Holistic Review: Promises and Pitfalls of Automating the Medical Education Admissions Process
Authors: Rosenthal Jacob T. , Hafferty Frederic W. , Kulasegaram Kulamakan (Mahan) , Wendland Claire L. , Taylor Janelle S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Holistic review has been widely adopted in medical education as a means of promoting equity in the application process and diversity in the medical workforce. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly emerging technology already having an impact on the medical school and residency application process as students and faculty alike increasingly turn to AI tools to automate some steps in the preparation and evaluation of application materials. While AI may have the potential to improve the holistic admissions process by increasing efficiency and adding some measure of standardization among reviewers, the authors caution that this promise does not come without certain pitfalls. AI models may introduce new sources of bias and amplify existing ones, which when combined with a lack of transparency regarding their use in the admissions process, may perpetuate the very inequities that holistic review seeks to minimize. The authors call for the medical education community to establish clear regulations to govern the acceptable use of AI in the admissions process and for a principled adoption of AI tools in a way that is sustainable for applicants and reviewers in the future.
Type IV Tibial Tubercle Fractures in Adolescents—Is Operative Treatment Necessary?
Authors: Feijoo Emilio , Nihalani Shrey , Lane Pearce , Bloodworth Adele , McGwin Gerald , Ashley Philip , Williams Kevin A. , Gilbert Shawn R. , Conklin Michael J. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Tibial tubercle fractures (TTF) in adolescents can be treated operatively or nonoperatively depending on fracture configuration and displacement. In the modified Ogden classification, the type IV fracture is extra-articular and exits through the posterior physis or metaphysis. No previous publications have reviewed a series of these injuries and compared clinical and radiographic outcomes of operative and nonoperative treatment.

Methods:
Patients under the age of 18 with Ogden type IV TTFs treated at a single institution between 2013 and 2023 were evaluated. Mechanism of injury, weight percentile, concern for compartment syndrome, time to full weight bearing, time to return to sport/activity, method of treatment, follow-up time, and complications were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR). Posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and anterior fracture gap were measured from the initial injury, postreduction, and final follow-up radiographs.

Results:
A total of 36 limbs in 33 patients were followed for an average of 182 days, 18 of which were treated nonoperatively and 18 operatively. The mean pretreatment PTSA was 22.4°﻿ in the nonoperative and 25.0° in the operative group (P=0.25). The mean final follow-up PTSA was 15.1° in the nonoperative and 14.3° in the operative group (P=0.54). The mean pretreatment MPTA was 84.7° for both groups (P=0.99). The final follow-up mean MPTA was 84.2° in the nonoperative and 85.5° in the operative group (P=0.08). There were no significant differences noted in time to full weight bearing, return to sport/activity, or total follow-up. There were 7 cases with complications, 4 in the nonoperative and 3 in the operative group.

Conclusions:
The present study suggests that nonoperative and operative treatment for type IV TTFs are equivalent in terms of radiographic and clinical outcomes. Given that joint incongruity is not an issue in these fractures, closed reduction can be attempted unless contraindicated by impending compartment syndrome. Operative management should be performed for failure of closed reduction.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Infant Crawling Variation Related to Subsequent Development
Authors: Yamamoto Shimpei , Lee Yeonghee , Matsumura Umi , Tsurusaki Toshiya 
Published: February 2025

Crawling is considered an important motor skill for infants. Although infants show variations in their crawling, the association between crawling variations and subsequent development is unexplored. This study investigates the difference in amount of crawling variation between infants with and without subsequent developmental delays. This longitudinal study evaluated crawling variations using crawling movement codes for infants with no noted structural anomaly in their central nervous system. Their developmental level was evaluated with the DENVER II (Japanese version) after age 2 years, and the cumulative numbers of crawling variations (CNCVs) between groups with and without suspected developmental delays were compared. Those infants with suspected developmental delays had significantly lower CNCV than their counterparts. Furthermore, the former were commonly suspected to have a delay in the DENVER II subdomain of fine motor/adaptive and language skills. Infants who experience fewer crawling variations may be at risk for subsequent developmental delays, especially in fine motor and language skills.
Experiences of Pediatricians and Part C EI Personnel With Identification, Referral, and Evaluation Amidst COVID-19
Authors: Yadav Asha , Phelps Randall Alan , Squires Jane 
Published: February 2025

The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on families of young children with disabilities is well documented; however, there is little published research on the experiences of pediatricians and Part C Early Intervention (EI) personnel during the pandemic. This study examined the collective experiences of general pediatricians and Part C EI personnel related to delivering services to children and their families during the pandemic. Qualitative analyses of semi-structured interviews conducted between November 2020 and February 2021 revealed a significant decline in the number of children identified and referred to EI programs.
Additionally, the 14 Part C EI providers and four pediatricians who were interviewed suggested that those children and families who were referred were either not linked with the EI program or experienced delayed evaluations. There was consensus among EI personnel and pediatricians that telehealth was not an ideal platform for conducting developmental screening and eligibility evaluations for children aged birth to 3 during the pandemic, particularly with new families where there was limited contextual information, and a rapport had not yet been established between the provider and the family.
Prevention of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Authors: Hornor Gail 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is a global public health crisis. CSEC is defined as the use of a child under the age of 18 years in a range of crimes and activities involving the sexual abuse or exploitation of the child for the financial benefit of any person or in exchange for anything of value given or received by any person. CSEC is a problem of epidemic proportions throughout the world including the United States. It is difficult to determine the true number of CSEC victims in the United States. However, the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children states that, in 2021, more than 17,200 reports of child sex trafficking were received from all 50 U.S. states and estimates that of the 25,000 children reported missing, one in six were likely victims of sex trafficking. CSEC can result in significant physical and mental health consequences for victims, even death. Studies indicate that CSEC victims are consumers of healthcare. Up to this point, the focus of healthcare related to CSEC has primarily been upon recognizing red flags that should raise CSEC concerns and the identification of victims. Although victim identification is critical, it is time for forensic nurses to understand their role in the prevention of CSEC. This narrative review will discuss the prevention of CSEC using a multitiered healthcare approach.
Establishing a Frontline Medical Response During Human Trafficking Recovery Operations
Authors: Saye Jamie , Barnett Katherine , Beidler Susan M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
In the southeastern United States, sexual assault nurse examiners, registered nurses, and advanced practice registered nurses partnered with local, state, and federal law enforcement to provide comprehensive medical services to recovered persons of human trafficking. Medical services were provided in conjunction with Homeland Security Investigation's human trafficking recovery operations. Over five operations, 31 trafficked women were recovered and provided trauma-informed, holistic medical care. Medical services provided included pelvic exams, sexually transmitted infection testing and treatment, cancer screenings, pregnancy testing, and contraception. Supportive services such as nourishment, comfort items, and initial counseling sessions were also offered.
Psychotherapy and Psychotherapeutic Techniques for the Treatment of Vulvodynia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Queiroz Janice F. , Sarmento Ayane C.A. , Aquino Antonio C.Q. , de Souza Amaxsell Thiago Barros , de Medeiros Kleyton Santos , Falsetta Megan L. , Gonçalves Ana Katherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the effectiveness of psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic techniques for reduction of vulvar pain and the improvement of sexual function and psychological adjustment in vulvodynia.

Material and Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycInfo, and Clinical Trial Databases were searched on July 19, 2024. We included randomized controlled trials comparing psychotherapy interventions and psychotherapeutic techniques for vulvodynia. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) tool. RevMan 5.4 was used for data synthesis. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development (GRADE) and Evaluation method was used to assess the strength of the evidence.

Results
A total of 1,884 articles were retrieved. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review, comprising 689 participants. Two studies were included in the meta-analysis, these with 143 participants. When comparing the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with the control group, the mean difference (MD) in the pooled analysis for the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire did not differ significantly between ACT therapy and other therapies for posttreatment assessment (MD = 0.77; 95% CI = 3.45–4.99). Only 1 study was at high risk of bias due to a lack of clarity about the outcome measurement process. The GRADE rating for the certainty of the evidence for vulvar pain acceptance using ACT was considered low.

Conclusions
Psychotherapy significantly improves vulvar pain, psychological adjustment, and sexual function in women with vulvodynia. Additionally, our meta-analysis showed that ACT and other psychotherapeutic interventions improve psychological adjustment through pain acceptance. However, more rigorous studies are needed to improve the quality of evidence and inform clinical practice.
Code-ICH: time is brain
Authors: Yakhkind Aleksandra , Yu Wenzheng , Goldstein Joshua N. , Mayer Stephan A. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating type of stroke resulting in severe disability and mortality. This review summarizes the emerging body of evidence supporting a new paradigm for care of patients called Code-ICH. It highlights the need for the adoption of time-based care bundles based on recent evidence, akin to those used in the management of acute ischemic stroke.

Recent findings
Numerous trials aimed at decreasing hematoma expansion through single interventions have historically failed to show significant effects on primary outcomes. Time-sensitive, multifaceted, bundled care approaches have emerged with substantial promise in improving functional outcomes in patients with ICH. These bundles include early aggressive control of blood pressure and reversal of anticoagulation, strict normalization of blood sugar and temperature, early surgical evaluation, and minimizing early withdrawal of care.

Summary
The paradigm of Code-ICH empowers acute care providers to continuously measure system performance, reflect on best practices, improve outcomes, and tackle disparities for patients with ICH.
Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Babaker Raghad , Alzimami Lama , Al Ameer Abdullah , Almutairi Majed , Alam Aldeen Rahaf , Alshatti Hamad , Al-Johani Najwan , Al Taisan Abdulaziz 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual loss in the elderly population, affecting millions of the people worldwide. AMD has a substantial effect on quality of life in older individuals. Understanding and identifying risk factors are crucial for developing preventive strategies.

Methods:
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 28, 2024. Studies were selected using standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the studies was assessed via the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software to pool the odds ratio (OR) of each included risk factors at the 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
Eighteen of the 2640 identified studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Older age compared to younger age, male gender compared to female gender, smoking, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes were statistically significant predictors for AMD occurrence, with ORs of 1.11 (95% CI = 1.06–1.15, P < .00001), 1.63 (95% CI = 1.13–2.35, P = .009), 1.86 (95% CI = 1.33–2.6, P = .0003), 1.24 (95% CI = 1.09–1.4, P = .0007), 1.44 (95% CI = 1.11–1.87, P = .006), and 1.44 (95% CI = 1.3–1.6, P < .00001), respectively. Other factors, such as body mass index, cerebrovascular diseases, cholesterol, and triglycerides, were not significantly associated with AMD.

Conclusion:
This updated meta-analysis highlights the significance of modifiable risk factors for AMD, including smoking, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Early identification of AMD accompanied by strategic management of these modifiable risk factors may preserve patients’ visual acuity without advancing to advanced stages.
“After the horrible cancer…” Post-traumatic growth through the lens of head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Menger Fiona , Deane Jennifer , Patterson Joanne M. , Fisher Peter , O'Hara James , Sharp Linda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
This qualitative study aimed to enhance understanding of the psychosocial processes underlying post-traumatic growth (PTG) following head and neck cancer (HNC) by exploring survivors' experiences following completion of treatment.

Methods:
We interviewed twenty HNC survivors (9 months to 5 years after diagnosis) about their cancer diagnosis and treatment, including any perceived positive changes. Based on an existing model on PTG, we used a directed content analysis to identify descriptions of PTG. We adopted open coding to explore these experiences and to construct new themes. We then re-examined interviews of those who expressed few or no positive changes.

Results:
Analysis led to the creation of 5 themes: gratitude and compassion, re-evaluation, clarity and purpose, mindfulness and awareness, and complexities and adjustment challenges. The first 4 themes revolved around how HNC had led to changes in participants' sense of self, their value and perception of others, and their life roles and priorities. The final theme, constructed from interviews with little or no PTG, reflected ongoing or co-occurring trauma and lack of control or resolution.

Conclusions:
PTG following HNC represented a range of positive experiences. Social support and the ability to engage in proactive and reflective behaviors to support their recovery appeared to play a role in these outcomes. Not all HNC survivors report positive changes; it may be worthwhile focusing future research on identifying and supporting those who struggle to move on from their experiences.