bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the Impacts of Visual Context in Multimodal Entity Alignment
Authors: Wang Meng , Shi Yinghui , Yang Han , Zhang Ziheng , Lin Zhenxi , Zheng Yefeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the problem of multimodal embedding-based entity alignment (EA) between different knowledge graphs. Recent works have attempted to incorporate images (visual context) to address EA in a multimodal view. While the benefits of multimodal information have been observed, its negative impacts are non-negligible as injecting images without constraints brings much noise. It also remains unknown under what circumstances or to what extent visual context is truly helpful to the task. In this work, we propose to learn entity representations from graph structures and visual context, and combine feature similarities to find alignments at the output level. On top of this, we explore a mechanism which utilizes classification techniques and entity types to remove potentially un-helpful images (visual noises) during alignment learning and inference. We conduct extensive experiments to examine this mechanism and provide thorough analysis about impacts of the visual modality on EA.
Food knowledge level among Tanzanian women of childbearing age: developing a score for the food knowledge questionnaire
Authors: Conti Maria Vittoria , Gnesi Marco , Mshanga Naelijwa , De Giuseppe Rachele , Giampieri Francesca , Cena Hellas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Food knowledge (FK) is one of the factors that contribute to malnutrition conditions in developing countries, together with food safety, food security and food access. FK is defined as ‘the competence to understand healthy nutrition concepts’; it impacts individuals’ life due to its relationship with food behaviour and eating habits. Therefore, acting on FK can represent a starting point for improving the health status of vulnerable populations. The authors present a total score of an FK questionnaire (FKQ) and its relation to the socio-demographic characteristics of a specific target population: Tanzanian women of childbearing age. The results of the manuscript complement evidence of construct validity of the FKQ by providing an algorithm to compute a total score as a measure of FK. The strength of this tool, and its score, lies in the fact that the questionnaire has been validated and is easy to administer.
Comprehensive structural analysis reveals broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants
Authors: Chi Xiangyang , Xia Lingyun , Zhang Guanying , Chi Ximin , Huang Bangdong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Zhengshan , Han Jin , Wu Liushu , Li Zeya , Sun Hancong , Huang Ping , Yu Changming , Chen Wei , Zhou Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread around the world. Mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 are constantly emerging. At present, Omicron variants have become mainstream. In this work, we carried out a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the reported spike protein antibodies, counting the epitopes and genotypes of these antibodies. We further comprehensively analyzed the impact of Omicron mutations on antibody epitopes and classified these antibodies according to their binding patterns. We found that the epitopes of the H-RBD class antibodies were significantly less affected by Omicron mutations than other classes. Binding and virus neutralization experiments showed that such antibodies could effectively inhibit the immune escape of Omicron. Cryo-EM results showed that this class of antibodies utilized a conserved mechanism to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Our results greatly help us deeply understand the impact of Omicron mutations. Meanwhile, it also provides guidance and insights for developing Omicron antibodies and vaccines.
2D carbon network arranged into high-order 3D nanotube arrays on a flexible microelectrode: integration into electrochemical microbiosensor devices for cancer detection
Authors: Sun Yimin , Dong Xulin , He Hu , Zhang Yan , Chi Kai , Xu Yun , Asif Muhammad , Yang Xuan , He Wenshan , Liao Kin , Xiao Fei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, we develop a new type of mesoporous 2D N, B, and P codoped carbon network (NBP-CNW) arranged into high-order 3D nanotube arrays (NTAs), which are wrapped onto a flexible carbon fiber microelectrode, and this microelectrode is employed as a high-performance carbon-based nanocatalyst for electrochemical biosensing. The NBP-CNW-NTAs synthesized by a facile, controllable, ecofriendly and sustainable template strategy using ionic liquids as precursors possess a high structural stability, large surface area, abundant active sites, and effective charge transport pathways, which dramatically improve their electrocatalytic activity and durability in the redox reaction of cancer biomarker H2O2. Benefiting from these unique structural merits, superb electrochemical activity and good biocompatibility, the NBP-CNW-NTAs-modified microelectrode demonstrates excellent sensing performance toward H2O2 and is embedded in a homemade microfluidic electrochemical biosensor chip for the real-time tracking of H2O2 secreted from different live cancer cells with or without radiotherapy treatment, which provides a new strategy for distinguishing the types of cancer cells and evaluating the radiotherapeutic efficacy of cancer cells. Furthermore, the functional microelectrode is integrated into an implantable probe for the in situ detection of surgically resected human specimens to distinguish cancer tissues from normal tissues. These will be of vital significance for cancer diagnoses and therapy in clinical practice.
Data block decomposition and intelligent secure acquisition of microdata
Authors: Zhang Xiuquan , Shen Lin , Shi Kaiquan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractP-sets (P stands for Packet) is a set model with dynamic characteristics, which is obtained by introducing dynamic characteristics into Cantor set and improving Cantor set. According to the fact that the characteristics of class I big data are completely consistent with the basic characteristics of P-sets, this paper gives research on theory and application on class I big data from the view of mathematics. Here we introduce Class I big data which need some new definitions of data block, microdata and data link. Based on these concepts, decomposition theorem of data block and microdata relation theorem are given, and then attribute reasoning theorem and microdata intelligent discovery and the intelligent secure acquisition algorithm of microdata are also proposed. By using these theoretical results, the applications of secure acquisition of microdata are presented. In summary, P-sets mathematical model provides a new theory and method for studying class I big data.
Unexpected Severe Bocavirus Infections among Hospitalized Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kara Yalcin , Kizil Mahmut Can , Arslanoglu Mehmet Ozgur , Kacmaz Ebru , Dalokay Nidai , Pala Ezgi , Kiral Eylem , Bozan Gürkan , Us Tercan , Kiliç Omer , Dinleyici Ener Cagri 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective Acute respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Although human bocavirus (HBoV) infections are not as common as other seasonal respiratory viruses, children who are infected with HBoV are more likely to suffer from a variety of respiratory conditions, including the common cold, acute otitis media, asthma exacerbations, bronchiolitis pneumonia, some of the affected children require pediatric intensive care unit stay. Here, we aimed to evaluate pediatric bocavirus (HBoV) cases presenting with severe respiratory tract symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods This retrospective study evaluated the medical records of children diagnosed with respiratory infections, followed up at the Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University between September 2021 and March 2022. In this study, patients with HBoV identified using nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were considered positive. Cases were analyzed retrospectively for their clinical characteristics.
Results This study included 54 children (29 girls and 25 boys) with HBoV in nasopharyngeal PCR samples. The cases ranged in age from 1 month to 72 months (median 25 months). At the time of presentation, cough, fever, and respiratory distress were the most prevalent symptoms. Hyperinflation (48%), pneumonic consolidation (42%), and pneumothorax–pneumomediastinum (7%) were observed on the chest X-ray; 54% of the children required intensive care unit stay. The median length of hospitalization was 6 days. Bacterial coinfection was detected in 7 (17%) children, while HBoV and other viruses were present in 20 (37%) children; 57% of children received supplemental oxygen by mask, 24% high-flow nasal oxygen, 7% continuous positive airway pressure, and 9% invasive mechanical ventilation support. Antibiotics were given to 34 (63%) cases, and systemic steroid treatment was given to 41 (76%) cases. Chest tubes were inserted in three out of the four cases with pneumothorax–pneumomediastinum. All patients were recovered and were discharged from the hospital.
Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic changed the epidemiology of seasonal respiratory viruses and the clinical course of the diseases. Although it usually causes mild symptoms, severe respiratory symptoms can lead to life-threatening illnesses requiring intensive care admission.
Phylogeography of a salmonid fish, white-spotted charr (Salvelinus leucomaenis), in a historically non-glaciated region in the northwestern North Pacific
Authors: Yamamoto Shoichiro , Morita Kentaro , Kitano Satoshi , Tabata Ryoichi , Watanabe Katsutoshi , Maekawa Koji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The area around the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan in the north-western North Pacific provides opportunities for studying the impact of climate oscillations on the evolutionary history of cold-temperate species independent of direct ice sheet development. We conducted a range-wide collection survey of white-spotted charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis, and integrated nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data to reveal the evolutionary history of this species. Phylogeographic analyses using genome-wide SNP data revealed the presence of five geographically distinct groups with slightly overlapping ranges. Of these, a northern group was widely distributed along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan and the northern region of Honshu Island, whereas the other four groups were only found on Honshu Island. The population structure of Honshu Island was largely divided into the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean groups by the mountain ranges running through the centre of Honshu Island, and was further subdivided by many geological factors, such as river capture and other vicariance processes. There was a discrepancy in the phylogeographic patterns between nuclear DNA and mtDNA, which was likely influenced by a complex population history that involved multiple dispersal and secondary contact events during several glacial-interglacial cycles.
Why Biblical Arguments for Abortion Fail
Authors: Miller Calum 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile the traditional Christian teaching opposing abortion has been relatively unanimous until the twentieth century, it has been claimed in more recent decades that certain Biblical passages support the view that the fetus, or unborn child, has a lesser moral status than a born child, in a way that might support the permissibility of abortion. In this paper, I address the foremost three texts used to argue this point: Genesis 2:7; Exodus 21:22–25; and Numbers 5:11–31. I argue that interpreting the former in the literal way necessary to support abortion leads to untenable moral and exegetical conclusions, indeed straightforwardly contradicting other Biblical texts. I then demonstrate that the most plausible readings of the other passages—on textual and contextual grounds—do not support a lesser moral status, one of the passages plausibly even supporting full moral status, for the unborn child.
Application of the transfer learning method in multisource geophysical data fusion
Authors: Lv Pengfei , Xue Guoqiang , Chen Weiying , Song Wanting 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing multigeophysical exploration techniques is a common way for deep targets to be explored in complex survey areas. How to locate an unknown underground target using multiple datasets is a great challenge. The useful information in the multisource geophysical model can be extracted and fused with the help of data fusion, which also works well to correct the interpretation divergence brought on by expert experience, with image feature extraction being the key step in the fusion of the geophysical models. Traditionally, this method is often used for these kinds of geophysical images, but it significantly reduces the efficiency of feature extraction. As a result, we propose a novel method based on a transfer learning method to extract the features of multisource images. First, the ResNet50 network is used to extract the initial features of the images. Owing to the problems of feature redundancy and fuzzy features in initial features, Spearman and zero phase component analysis can be used to achieve feature reduction and enhancement, which can further improve the computational efficiency and fusion accuracy in fusion. Finally, the fusion image is obtained using fusion rules that we designed based on the current state. The algorithm's reliability is tested using field data from the Iliamna Volcano. The case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, which also offers a novel way to locate subsurface targets.
A retrospective study of patients complaining of nontraumatic acute abdominal pain, admitted in the emergency department of an urban hospital in China
Authors: Luo Guanguan , Liu Qinqin , Zhang Zhongxiang , Jin Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Nontraumatic acute abdominal pain (AAP) accounts for a large proportion of emergency department (ED) admissions. This study aimed to explore the underlying correlations among basic information, imaging examinations, and diagnoses.

Methods
A total of 7453 patients complaining of AAP, admitted to the ED of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, were enrolled in this retrospective study from January 1 to December 30, 2019. We collected the following information from the patients: sex, age, date of visit, pain location, nature of pain, level of severity, imaging (computed tomography, x-ray, and ultrasound), diagnosis, and outcomes (release from the hospital, transfer to another hospital, transfer to another department, observation room, hospitalization, or death).

Results
According to this study, AAP was more common in female than male. A total of 82.11% patients of AAP were in level 3 of severity, while 0.19% patients were in level 1. A total of 77.20% of the patients had undergone imaging. Swelling pain and colic are the 2 most common types of AAP. Nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP) is the most common diagnosis. In the diagnosis of NSAP and gastroenteritis, female patients were more prevalent than male patients, but for renal colic, male patients were 3 times as many as female patients. Nonspecific abdominal pain, biliary colic, and cholecystitis are the 3 leading causes in patients 65 years or older. Nonspecific abdominal pain, renal colic, and gastroenteritis are the 3 leading causes of AAP in patients younger than 65 years.

Conclusion
With the help of imaging, clinicians can specify a diagnosis and perform corresponding treatment in most cases. However, making a precise diagnosis of AAP within a short period is still challenging. Further research should be conducted to seek safer and more effective techniques to streamline clinicians’ work.
Dynamic structural adaptations enable the endobiotic predation ofbdellovibrio bacteriovorus
Authors: Kaplan Mohammed , Chang Yi-Wei , Oikonomou Catherine M. , Nicolas William J. , Jewett Andrew I. , Kreida Stefan , Dutka Przemysław , Rettberg Lee A. , Maggi Stefano , Jensen Grant J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBdellovibrio bacteriovorusis an endobiotic microbial predator that offers promise as a living antibiotic for its ability to kill Gram-negative bacteria, including human pathogens. Even after six decades of study, fundamental details of its predation cycle remain mysterious. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography to comprehensively image the lifecycle ofB. bacteriovorusat nanometer-scale resolution. In addition to providing the first high-resolution images of predation in a native (hydrated, unstained) state, we also discover several surprising features of the process, including novel macromolecular complexes involved in prey attachment/invasion and a flexible portal structure lining a hole in the prey peptidoglycan that tightly seals the prey outer membrane around the predator during entry. Unexpectedly, we find thatB. bacteriovorusdoes not shed its flagellum during invasion, but rather resorbs it into its periplasm for degradation. Finally, following replication and division in the bdelloplast, we observe a transient and extensive ribosomal lattice on the condensedB. bacteriovorusnucleoid.Graphical abstract
Multiplexed analysis of a single EV (MASEV) reveals unique biomarker
composition with diagnostic impact
Authors: Spitzberg Joshua , Ferguson Scott , Yang Katy , Peterson Hannah M. , Carlson Jonathan C.T. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EV) are increasingly being explored as
circulating biomarkers, but their heterogenous composition will likely mandate
the development of single EV technologies. Highly multiplexed analyses of single
EVs have been challenging to implement beyond a few colors during spectral
sensing. We use a multiplexed analysis of the single EV technique (MASEV) to
interrogate thousands of individual EVs during 5 cycles of multi-channel
fluorescence staining for 15 EV biomarkers. Contrary to the common belief, we
show that i) several “ubiquitous” markers are much less common than believed;
ii) that multiple biomarkers concur in single vesicles but only in small
fractions, iii) that affinity purification can lead to loss of rare EV subtypes,
and iv) that deep profiling allows detailed analysis of EV potentially improving
the diagnostic content. These findings establish the potential of MASEV for
uncovering fundamental EV biology and heterogeneity and increasing diagnostic
specificity.

Abstract Figure

Graphical abstract

Multiplexed analysis of single EV (MASEV) allows robust
protein profiling at the single EV level, a prerequisite for
early cancer detection or organ of origin
determination.
Radiochemical Synthesis and Evaluation of 3-[11C]Methyl-4-aminopyridine in Rodents and Non-Human Primates for Imaging Potassium Channels in the CNS
Authors: Sun Yang , Guehl Nicolas J. , Zhou Yu-Peng , Takahashi Kazue , Belov Vasily , Dhaynaut Maeva , Moon Sung-Hyun , Fakhri Georges El , Normandin Marc D. , Brugarolas Pedro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDemyelination, the loss of the insulating sheath of neurons, causes failed or slowed neuronal conduction and contributes to the neurological symptoms in multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, stroke, and dementia. In demyelinated neurons, the axonal potassium channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.2, generally under the myelin sheath, become exposed and upregulated. Therefore, imaging these channels using positron emission tomography can provide valuable information for disease diagnosis and monitoring. Here, we describe the novel tracer for Kv1 channels [11C]3-methyl-4-aminopyridine ([11C]3Me4AP). [11C]3Me4AP was efficiently synthesized via Pd(0)-Cu(I) co-mediated Stille cross-coupling of a stannyl precursor containing a free amino group. Evaluation of its imaging properties in rats and nonhuman primates showed that [11C]3Me4AP has a moderate brain permeability and slow kinetics. Additional evaluation in monkeys showed that the tracer is metabolically stable and that a 1-tissue compartment model can accurately model the regional brain time-activity curves. Compared to the related tracers [18F]3-fluoro-4-aminopyridine ([18F]3F4AP) and [11C]3-methoxy-4-aminopyridine ([11C]3MeO4AP), [11C]3Me4AP shows lower initial brain uptake, which indicates reduced permeability to the blood-brain-barrier and slower kinetics, suggesting higher binding affinity consistent within vitrostudies. While the slow kinetics and strong binding affinity resulted in a tracer with less favorable properties for imaging the brain than its predecessors, these properties may make 3Me4AP useful as a therapeutic.
A genome-wide CRISPRi screen reveals a StkP-mediated connection between cell-wall integrity and competence inStreptococcus salivarius
Authors: Knoops Adrien , Waegemans Alexandra , Lamontagne Morgane , Decat Baptiste , Mignolet Johann , Veening Jan-Willem , Hols Pascal 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTCompetence is one of the most efficient bacterial evolutionary and adaptative strategies by synchronizing production of antibacterial compounds and integration of DNA released by dead cells. In most streptococci, this tactic is orchestrated by the ComRS system, a pheromone communication device providing a sharp time window of activation in which only part of the population is responsive. Understanding how this developmental process integrates multiple inputs to fine-tune the adequate response is a long-standing question. However, essential genes involved in the regulation of ComRS have been challenging to study. In this work, we built a conditional mutant library using CRISPR-interference and performed three complementary screens to investigate competence genetic regulation in the human commensalStreptococus salivarius. We show that initiation of competence increases upon cell-wall impairment, suggesting a connection between cell envelope stress and competence activation. Notably, we report a key role for StkP, a serine-threonine kinase known to regulate cell-wall homeostasis. We show that StkP controls competence by a mechanism that reacts to peptidoglycan fragments. Together, our data suggest a key cell-wall sensing mechanism coupling competence to cell envelope integrity.IMPORTANCESurvival of human commensal streptococci in the digestive tract requires efficient strategies which must be tightly and collectively controlled for responding to competitive pressure and drastic environmental changes. In this context, the autocrine signaling system ComRS controlling competence for natural transformation and predation in salivarius streptococci could be seen as a multi-input device integrating a variety of environmental stimuli. In this work, we revealed novel positive and negative competence modulators by using a genome-wide CRISPR- interference strategy. Notably, we highlighted an unexpected connection between bacterial envelope integrity and competence activation that involves several cell-wall sensors. Together, these results showcase how commensal streptococci can fine-tune the pheromone-based competence system by responding to multiple inputs affecting their physiological status in order to calibrate an appropriate collective behavior.