bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Configuration of Segregation, Elite Fears of Disease, and Housing Reform in Washington, D.C.’s Inhabited Alleys
Authors: Swope Carolyn B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the early 1900s, Washington, D.C. contained many alleys in the interior of blocks inhabited by impoverished Black residents. Elite reformers engaged in an aggressive campaign to eliminate alleys, on the grounds of their purported unsanitary environment and high disease prevalence. In this paper, I combine quantitative, qualitative, and spatial sources to explore new perspectives on segregation, public health, and the racialized efforts of housing reformers during this period. I find that reformers overstated the horrors of conditions in alleys and their effects on residents’ health: poorer health among alley residents was in large part due to Black residents’ marginalization wherever they might live. Alleys’ status as racialized space, coupled with progressive paternalistic racism, facilitated the discursive construction of alleys as pathological “breeding grounds of disease.” Further, my findings shed new light on micro-configurations of segregation within racially mixed neighborhoods, as well as the social experience and meaning of such configurations. Far from indicating harmonious coexistence, the proximity of such alleys to white homes and institutions spurred elite Washingtonians’ self-interested fear of disease spreading beyond the alleys. Thus, this pattern of segregation helps explain the zeal of the campaign to eradicate alleys: as a means of achieving separation from undesired Black neighbors whom white reformers associated with contagion.
Comparison of the Efficiencies of the Prognostic Generalized Complementary Functions on Evaporation Estimation
Authors: Wang Liming , Han Songjun , Tian Fuqiang , Tudaji Mahmut , Yang Yanzheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeveral prognostic generalized complementary functions have been proposed to estimate evaporation in recent years. However, there are few comparative studies about the performance of these predictable complementary functions at the global scale. This study compared the efficiencies of four prognostic generalized complementary functions on evaporation estimation at 195 eddy covariance (EC) sites. The four complementary functions include the polynomial function proposed by Brutsaert (2015, B2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017720), the rescaling functions proposed by Crago et al. (2016, C2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019753) and by Szilagyi et al. (2017, S2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025611), and the sigmoid function proposed by Han and Tian (2018, H2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017wr021755). The results show that the four prognostic generalized complementary functions can provide an acceptable estimation of E (Pearson correlation coefficient ≈ 0.8; root‐mean‐square error <30 W m−2) in most of the global EC sites. For different ecosystem types, C2016 performs better in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, and H2018 performs better in wetlands and croplands. Each function has specific advantages. B2015 is popular because of its concise functional form; C2016 and S2017 are fully calibration‐free algorithms and have rescaling processes for each observation, and C2016 performs best on the monthly E estimation; H2018 suits for site mean estimation and has the most stable performance among all ecosystem types. However, all the functions have limitations, and there is still room for improvement. This study provided evidence for previous theoretical studies about the rationality of the complementary functions from the view of numerical simulation, and can help the wide application of the complementary functions on regional and global E estimation.
Enhanced detonators detection in X-ray baggage inspection by image manipulation and deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Oulhissane Lynda , Merah Mostefa , Moldovanu Simona , Moraru Luminita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDetecting detonators is a challenging task because they can be easily mis-classified as being a harmless organic mass, especially in high baggage throughput scenarios. Of particular interest is the focus on automated security X-ray analysis for detonators detection. The complex security scenarios require increasingly advanced combinations of computer-assisted vision. We propose an extensive set of experiments to evaluate the ability of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models to detect detonators, when the quality of the input images has been altered through manipulation. We leverage recent advances in the field of wavelet transforms and established CNN architectures—as both of these can be used for object detection. Various methods of image manipulation are used and further, the performance of detection is evaluated. Both raw X-ray images and manipulated images with the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), wavelet transform-based methods and the mixed CLAHE RGB-wavelet method were analyzed. The results showed that a significant number of operations, such as: edges enhancements, altered color information or different frequency components provided by wavelet transforms, can be used to differentiate between almost similar features. It was found that the wavelet-based CNN achieved the higher detection performance. Overall, this performance illustrates the potential for a combined use of the manipulation methods and deep CNNs for airport security applications.
Nachtrag zur kritischen Diskussion über das Deutsche Hämophilieregister (DHR) anlässlich der GTH-Jahrestagung in Frankfurt 2023, aktuelle Informationen zur Gefährdung der Versorgung mit Blutplasmaprodukten und Aus für Siemens Atellica in Deutschland
Authors: Koscielny Jürgen , Kappert Günther , Sucker Christoph 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nachtrag zur kritischen Diskussion über das Deutsche Hämophilieregister (DHR) anlässlich der GTH-Jahrestagung in Frankfurt 2023
Mittlerweile sind drei Monate seit der BDDH-Veranstaltung im Rahmen der GTH-Jahrestagung in Frankfurt vergangen. Mehrere Referenten hatten hier konstruktiv-kritische Kritik an der aktuellen Gestaltung und Datenabfrage des Deutschen Hämophilieregisters (DHR) geübt. Die Kritik der Ärzteschaft wurde auch durch eine Mitgliederumfrage des BDDH-Vorstandes gestützt. Aus dem Auditorium, sowohl von Ärzten als auch von Vertretern der pharmazeutischen Industrie, gab es ebenfalls viel Zustimmung. Obwohl auch Vertreter des DHR bei der Veranstaltung anwesend waren, hat der Vorstand des BDDH bislang keinerlei Feedback erhalten. Dies ist enttäuschend, da der Vorstand gerne konstruktive Gespräche mit den Vertretern des DHR geführt hätte, um eine benutzerfreundlichere Gestaltung des DHR und bessere Nutzung der erhobenen Daten zu ermöglichen. Offensichtlich wird seitens des DHR kein Bedarf hierfür gesehen.
Performance of DNA barcodes for informing the subspecies controversy in North American populations of Callophrys gryneus (Hübner, [1819]) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Pfeiler Edward 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Analysis of genetic divergence in published mitochondrial DNA barcodes from ‘juniper’ and ‘cedar’ hairstreaks, Callophrys gryneus (Hübner) and Callophrys muiri (Hy. Edwards), together with a comparison of phenotypic differences in populations from North America, have been used to address the long-standing controversy regarding subspecies and species assignments in this confusing group of hairstreaks. The most recent view holds that C. gryneus is a single polytypic species comprising 11 nominal subspecies and that C. muiri from California is a valid species. An alternative view subdivides C. gryneus into three nominal species, C. gryneus (s.s.), Callophrys siva and Callophrys nelsoni, each with several named subspecies, and retains C. muiri as a full species. Haplotype networks, phylogenetic analysis and analysis of molecular variance of barcodes provided evidence supporting the subspecies scenario. However, barcodes from closely related congeners of C. gryneus (s.l.) revealed pairwise genetic divergences that would also support elevating three subspecies (C. g. castalis, C. g. siva and C. g. nelsoni) to full species. The barcode data also raise the question of whether C. muiri warrants full species status. Larval host plant preference as a possible driver of genetic differentiation in western populations of this group is also discussed briefly.
14. IMPACTS OF ADDITIONAL CYCLES OF NEOADJUVANT IMMUNOCHEMOTHERAPY ON ESOPHAGECTOMY IN ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Chen Long-Qi , Gu Yi-Min , Liu Bo-wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to explore the pathological characteristics and safety of esophagectomy after different cycles of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods
We prospectively collected patients who underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy combined with esophagectomy from two institutes between 2019 and 2022. The primary outcome was defined as pathological complete response (PCR), and the secondary outcomes were defined as the incidence of postoperative complications.

Result
The most commonly used checkpoint inhibitor was camrelizumab. A total of 152 enrolled patients underwent esophagectomy, with 9 of 119 patients (7.6%) in the 2-cycle group undergoing thoracotomy and 2 patients of 33 patients (6.1%) in the &gt;2-cycle group converting to thoracotomy. Twenty-three patients in the 2-cycle group and 6 patients in the &gt;2-cycle group achieved PCR, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (19.3% vs. 18.2%; P = 0.882). The N0 rate (57.1% vs. 51.5%; P = 0.565) and lymph node ratio (6% vs. 6%; P = 0.489) were similar between the two groups. The most common postoperative complication was pneumonia, there were no significant differences in postoperative complications between the two groups.

Conclusion
This study indicated that although additional cycles of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy had no significant effect on the feasibility and safety of esophagectomy, 2-cycle of treatment is enough when considering pathological complete response rate.
16. THORACIC FRACTURES AND OTHER CHEST WALL ABNORMALITIES AFTER THORACOTOMY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Van Wijck Suzanne F M , Barza Athiná , Vermeulen Jefrey , Eyck Ben M , Van der Wilk Berend J , Van der Harst Erwin , Verhofstad Michael H J , Lagarde Sjoerd M , Van Lieshout Esther M M , Zijden Charlène , Wijffels Mathieu M E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Chest wall pain following a thoracotomy for esophageal cancer is frequently reported but poorly understood. The aims of this study were 1) to determine the prevalence of chest wall abnormalities on postoperative imaging; and 2) to compare complications, long-term pain, and quality of life in patients with versus without thoracotomy-related thoracic fractures.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with esophageal cancer who underwent a thoracotomy between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020. An early postoperative CT (&lt;1 month) and/or late CT (&gt;6 months) had to be available. Disease-free patients were asked to complete questionnaires on pain and quality of life (SF-36 and EORTC-QLQ-C30).

Results
A total of 366 patients were included. Thoracotomy-related rib fractures were seen in 144 (39%) patients and thoracic transverse process fractures in 4 (2%). Patients with thoracic fractures more often developed postoperative complications (89% versus 74%, p = 0.002), especially pneumonia (51% versus 39%, p = 0.032). Seventy-seven participants (33 with thoracic fractures, 44 without) completed questionnaires median 41 (P25-P75 28–91) months postoperatively. Long-term chest wall pain was reported by 48 (63%) participants but no association with thoracic fractures was found (p = 0.637). Quality of life scores did not differ between patients with versus without thoracic fractures and were mostly comparable with their reference populations.

Conclusions
Thoracic (mainly rib) fractures are prevalent following a thoracotomy for esophageal cancer. Patients with thoracic fractures have an increased risk of postoperative complications, especially pneumonia, but an association with long-term pain or decreased quality of life was not confirmed.
17. OUTCOMES OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER FROM SINGAPORE’S NATIONAL REGISTRY
Authors: Lee Zhen Jin , Heng Wei , Lye Tiffany , Tan Nan Guang , Lim Chin Hong , Lim Eugene , Eng Alvin , Chan Weng Hoong , Wong Wai Keong , Ong Hock Soo , Hui Jeremy Tan Tian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The results of the CROSS trial has increased the impetus towards using neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery (trimodal) treatment for resectable stage II/III esophageal cancer. We sought to see what the Singaporean results have been based on data kept by the Singapore Cancer Registry.

Methods
Singapore Cancer Registry data pertaining to patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer from January 2010 to December 2017 were analysed in terms of trimodal treatment with curative intent.

Results
There were 840 patients in the registry with esophageal cancer over the study time period. 171 patients elected to have no active treatment and had a median survival of 2.4 months. Of the remainder, there were 59 patients who underwent trimodal treatment with curative intent. Overall median survival was 4.5 years in this group. There were 11 adenocarcinomas and 48 squamous cell carcinomas. Five-year survival rate was 44%.

Conclusions
Based on our national registry data, patients selected for neoadjuvant chemoradiation, and who actually follow-through with surgery, have a similar survival time when compared to the findings reported in the CROSS study.
32. QUALITY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR COMPLIANCE FOR THE TREATMENT OF OESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: (Joanna) Wang Yijiao , Kulasegaran Suheelan , Srinivasa Sanket , Koea Jonathan , Maccormick Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is a lethal condition. The management is typically multifaceted with oesophagectomy being the cornerstone of treatment. Quality performance indicators (QPIs) are objective measurements of aspects of patient’s care that affect clinical outcomes. We look to measure a set of clinically relevant QPIs that can be used to capture key aspects of patient management at our institution.

Methods
all patients with OAC treated from 2010 to 2015, and 2020 to 2021 at Te Whatu Ora Waitemata were included. Patients with secondary metastases to the oesophagus or gastric cancer with extension to the oesophagus were excluded. Electronic data in the form of clinic letters, operation notes, histology and radiology reports were reviewed. QPI adherence was collected in binary form.

Results
QPIs with consistently high compliance rates include radiological staging and histological diagnosis, perioperative dietitian involvement, explanations of disease and treatment intent, and pathology report documentation. QPIs demonstrating significant change and improvement across the two groups include endoscopic resection (60.0% of patients with T1 disease in 2010 to 88.9% in 2020 group), multimodality treatment (majority ECF and ECX perioperative chemotherapy in 2010 to majority FLOT chemotherapy in 2020 group) and minimally invasive approach (30.4% hybrid in 2010 compared to 72.4% hybrid in 2020).

Conclusions
QPIs from the systematic review were readily measurable and were variably implemented in clinical practice. Areas requiring improvement were identified however relevance to real-world clinical outcomes require further focus of investigation.
34. EXTENDED RIGHT THORACIC APPROACH COMPARED WITH LIMITED LEFT THORACIC APPROACH FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: TEN-YEAR SURVIVAL OF A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: Li Bin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Esophagectomy can be performed using various surgical techniques. This study was conducted to understand the impact of surgery on long-term survival for esophageal cancer.

Methods
Between 2010 and 2012, 300 patients were prospectively recruited to compare the outcomes of esophagectomy using the right and left thoracic approaches. Based on pathological findings, 146 patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the right thoracic arm and 140 in the left arm were included in this analysis. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two arms after a 10-year follow-up period.

Results
The median DFS was 92 months in the right thoracic arm and 41 months in the left arm (hazard ratio (HR), 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54–0.99; P = 0.045), with the cumulative 10-year DFS of 48% and 38%, respectively. The median OS was 136 months in the right thoracic arm and 99 months in the left arm (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.54–1.04; P = 0.081), with cumulative 10-year OS rates of 52% and 44%, respectively. DFS and OS were comparable between the two arms for patients without lymph node metastasis. Conversely, for patients with lymph node metastasis, 10-year DFS of the right and left thoracic arms were 33% and 21%, respectively (P = 0.018), and 10-year OS were 37.9% and 25.8%, respectively (P = 0.012).

Conclusion
Compared to esophagectomy via the left thoracic approach, patients who underwent esophagectomy via the right thoracic approach had better 10-year survival rates, and the survival benefit was significant for those with lymph node metastasis.
44. LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF PERORAL ENDOSCOPIC MYOTOMY FOR PATIENTS WITH ACHALASIA: A SINGLE-CENTRE STUDY
Authors: Alotaibi Mohammed , Bechara Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
and study aims: The short-term outcomes of Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia are well described, however, there is limited long-term data in the literature. This study aims to retrospectively assess the long-term outcomes of the POEM in a Canadian tertiary care centre.

Methods
All patients who underwent POEM for treatment of Achalasia with minimum follow-up of at least 4 years at a tertiary care centre were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome of the study was clinical success defined as a post-POEM Eckardt score ≤ 3 at ≥48 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in body mass index (BMI), incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), adverse events and length of hospital stay.

Result
Thirty-eight patient (aged 53.9 ± 17.9) underwent POEM, with a median follow-up period of 61 months (48–79). The mean Eckardt score was significantly reduced from 7.7 ± 1.9 to 1.2 ± 0.6 (P &lt; 0.001). All patients achieved post-POEM Eckardt scores of ≤3 at ≥48 months. BMI increased from 27.4 ± 6.5 pre-POEM to 29.4 ± 6.7 (P &lt; 0.003) post-POEM. Twelve (31.5%) patients developed pathologic reflux.

Conclusion
POEM is an effective and safe procedure for achalasia with durable long-term outcomes. Larger series with longer follow-up are required to confirm these results.
154. EVALUATION OF BLOOD FLOW IN RECONSTRUCTED GASTRIC TUBE AND IDENTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL ANASTOMOSES IN ESOPHAGECTOMY
Authors: Lee Seigi , Sato Hiroshi , MIyawaki Assistant Yutaka , Sakuramoto Prif Shinichi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Anastomotic leakage in esophageal cancer surgery may be reduced by the evaluated blood flow to the reconstructed organ, but it is difficult to evaluate quantitatively arterial and venous blood flow. This study aimed to evaluate quantitatively blood flow that has not been possible before, and to determine the relationship between the blood flow in the gastric tube with anastomosis leakage using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Methods
This single-center, observational study included 50 patients aged 51 to 82 who underwent radical esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for esophageal cancer from June 2022 and January 2023. Regional tissue oxygen saturation was measured at the antrum (point X), the anastomotic point (point Z), and the midpoint between points X and Z (point Y) before and after gastric tube formation. These, alongside the decreasing rate of oxygen saturation at the three points, were investigated in relation to anastomosis leakage.

Results
Regional tissue oxygen saturation at points X and Z after gastric tube formation was significantly lower in the presence of leakage than in its absence. The decreasing rate of regional tissue oxygen saturation at point Z was significantly higher in the presence of leakage than in its absence. There was no significant difference in the decreasing rate of regional tissue oxygen saturation at point X and Y between the presence and absence of leakage. The cut-off decreasing rate of the rSO2 was 29.4%.

Conclusion
Regional tissue oxygen saturation levels may be useful for measuring blood flow and may be a predictor of anastomosis leakage.
175. OPTIMIZING MEDIASTINAL ACCESS FOR RADICAL ESOPHAGECTOMY: A BILATERAL CERVICAL AND TRANSHIATAL APPROACH TO RESECT ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Xu Wei , Jiang Yuequan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Major medical centers have gradually attempted and promoted esophagectomy via mediastinal approach. However, this operation is challenging and requires a high level of technical proficiency from surgeons because of the limited space and restricted visibility of the mediastinum. The current surgical method limits its application in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, which underscores an urgent need for optimization to facilitate its refinement and dissemination.

Methods
We have implemented the following enhancements to the surgical procedure: 1. The cervical level was chosen for transecting the esophagus, and then the proximal esophageal stump was pulled down and invaginated. 2. Bilateral cervical incisions were made, with a small 0.5 cm incision at the anterior edge of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle. 3. The position of abdominal surgical incisions was adjusted so that all incisions were located on the left side of the abdominal midline. 4. A portion of the left diaphragm was dissected. 5. During the superior mediastinum procedure, gauze was positioned within the expanded superior mediastinum.

Results
1. The surgical field was fully exposed, expanding the operative space for upper mediastinal surgery. 2. The difficulty of this surgery was reduced, and it was easier to expose both RLNs and completely remove the mediastinal lymph nodes. 3. The 106recR could be completely removed under endoscopy. 4. The thoracic duct could be fully exposed and freed. 5. During surgery, gauze is placed in the upper mediastinum to aid in hemostasis and improve visibility. 6. Even if the tumor was slightly larger or locally invaded surrounding tissues, it could be completely resected. 7.Complete resection of the esophageal mesorectum was successfully achieved.

Conclusion
Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer via bilateral cervical and transhiatal approach can achieve radical resection and can be applied to patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. This surgical method expands the surgical indications, reduces the surgical difficulty for surgeons, and facilitates the promotion and popularization of the mediastinal approach surgery.
Video address: https://www.icloud.com.cn/iclouddrive/085wyZDN6Qqm6Ou06fhOsi-Rw#2023_ISDE_abstract_video