bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RENOVATING ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENTS’ CREATION HERITAGE TO MEET CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES: FRUGAL VALIDATION PATTERNS AND CONSTRUCTIVE PROOF LOGICS FOR NEW ENGINEERING RULES
Authors: Jibet Nafissa , Le Masson Pascal , Weil Benoît , Chazelle Blandine , Laousse Dominique 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEngineering departments design infrastructure by applying rule systems. The latter are an old creation heritage, based on decades of engineering, that makes it possible to design and govern the operation of the physical heritage which is the infrastructure. Replacing the infrastructure is not sustainable in the meaning of grand challenges; renovating it by applying engineering rules is but could appear too expensive. The literature highlights situations where renovation by respecting the state of the art is too costly and so is the validation of new renovation rules. Are there forms of frugal validation that allow for sustainable renovation of existing systems? This paper tries to explore a third way, a renovation of the physical heritage from a renovation of the system of rules, conceiving in the system of rules, new propositions, and their validation. Using the C-K theory, a case analysis was performed within the French national rail network manager (SNCF Network), a company that has a historical engineering heritage and is at the same time implementing a renovation of it. The paper shows that the renovation of engineering departments’ creation heritage can go through frugal validation patterns and constructive proof logics.
REQUIREMENTS FOR A SMART PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
Authors: Paliyenko Yevgeni , Heinz Daniel , Schiller Christian , Tüzün Gregory-Jamie , Roth Daniel , Kreimeyer Matthias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNowadays, companies operate in increasingly competitive and dynamic markets with fast-changing customer needs. Simultaneously, major advances are being made in information and communication technologies, and the digitization of products is progressing. Based on these economic and technological trends, smart product-service systems (PSS) are emerging as a new form of business model. Recent studies show that the transition to developing smart PSS is a major challenge for companies and that they require methodological support, as their internal structures are undergoing significant changes.In order to provide a sound basis for support, we have undertaken a comprehensive study to identify requirements for a smart PSS development framework. 24 interviews and 5 workshops with companies that have recently focused on the development of smart PSS provide a rich set of empirical data to explore the challenges faced by companies today. We systematically analyzed the data and evaluated the results with our respondents. To increase the robustness and generalizability of our findings, we performed a contextual literature review and analyzed additional cases. This led us to a set of 17 requirements for a smart PSS development framework.
SELECTION OF MODEL APPROACHES AND MODELLING METHODS FOR LIFETIME PROGNOSIS
Authors: Bauer Robin Steve , Inkermann David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLifetime prognoses are fundamentally important to improve products regarding safety, costs, availability and sustainability. To modelling the lifetime of a system or its components and subsystems different methods and model approaches are available, which are not compatible in any case. Depending on the system, use case and available data, the existing model approaches and modelling methods are differently suitable for a precise lifetime prediction. In this contribution a procedure was developed to help in the selection of suitable approach-method combinations. For this purpose, the compatibility of method types with the different model approaches was assessed and criteria for the pre-selection of suitable approaches and methods for lifetime modelling were defined. The selection procedure was applied to the example of entities for electric powertrains of aircraft in early design stages. Finally, the results were summarized and evaluated. The insights gained in this paper can help to enhance lifetime models of products in early design phases.
SIMULATING BIORESORBABLE LATTICE STRUCTURES TO ENABLE TIME-DEPENDENT STIFFNESS IN FRACTURE FIXATION DEVICES
Authors: Hawthorn Barnaby , Triantaphyllou Andrew , Khan Farhan , Dyson Rosemary , Thomas-Seale Lauren E. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacture (AM) enables a greatly increased design freedom owing to its ability to manufacture otherwise difficult or impossible geometries. However, design creativity can often present itself as a barrier to realising the advantages that AM could offer. In this study the use of AM, bioresorbable materials and lattice design is considered as a method of satisfying contradicting design requirements during fracture healing. Often, immediately after a fracture high stiffness fixation is required; contradictingly during the remodelling phase high stiffness can inhibit bone healing. This study proposes the use of a bioresorbable body centred cubic (BCC) or face centred cubic (FCC) lattice structure to meet the need for tailored variation in implant stiffness over time. To reduce computational expense of lattice modelling a method is outlined, including the use of homogenisation. Results show homogenised representations perform within 5.2% and 1.4% for BCC and FCC unit cells respectively, with a 95% reduction in computational expense. Using resorption rates from the literature, time-dependent change in unit cell geometry was also modelled, showing the way in which a decrease in stiffness over time could be achieved.
SOCIAL EARPLUGS: A CASE STUDY ON INTEGRATING HUMAN AUGMENTATION IN HEARING PROTECTION
Authors: De Boeck Muriel , Sempels Jill , Vaes Kristof 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSocial augmentation refers to a human-computer integration technology that aims to enhance the user's social skills by supporting empathy, interaction and communication. This study investigated the implementation of social augmentation in hearing protection within the context of entertainment. Through a user-centred analysis, potential social augmentation functions for earplugs were conceived. Three innovative conceptual prototypes were then developed, each enriched with three social functions. Accordingly, each of these concepts should ensure that social skill is enhanced, facilitated or improved. To assess whether the concepts were successful, the social impact of the prototypes on the user and bystanders was evaluated and compared through questionnaires and focus groups using video footage. The results provided promising conclusions regarding the applied methodology and the potential for optimizing the iteration process of innovative human augmentation concepts.
A MULTI-OBJECTIVE DECISION-MAKING APPROACH TO SUPPORT THE DESIGN OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
Authors: Samir Basma , Abi Akle Audrey , Lizarralde Iban 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSocial innovations in the energy sector (SIE) are essential for accelerating the transition to clean, renewable, and democratic energy while encouraging citizens' involvement. However, SIE lacks clear boundaries, making it challenging to make design decisions. Clear and effective design decisions can help identify opportunities and constraints that may impact the success of social innovations. To support decision-making in SIE design, this paper proposes a multi-objective decision-support model based on the definition and exploration of the SIE design space. The model integrates various objective functions related to economic, environmental, and social perspectives, to ensure that selected solutions are tailored to the needs of citizens. By exploring the SIE design space, the model allows designers to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of different design options and select the most suitable solutions. To illustrate the proposed approach, this paper applies the model to a specific case of SIE: photovoltaic self-consumption. The findings of this paper provide a decision support model to assist SIE designers in making informed design decisions.
SOLVING TOMORROW'S DESIGN CHALLENGES REQUIRES NEW TOOLS FOR LARGE WORLD DECISION-MAKING
Authors: Ferguson Scott , Drobac Kye , Bryden Kenneth M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEngineering design research has largely focused on normative models of decision analysis based on small world causal frames where uncertainty can be resolved as probabilities or probability distributions. However, today we need to design solutions for our built environment that are sustainable, just, and able to adapt. Because of the scale and complexity of our world, designs that address sustainability, justice, and adaptability are dominated by unresolvable uncertainty. This requires large world frames and new engineering design frameworks and tools that provide a much broader and nuanced understanding of the impact of our engineering decisions. In this paper we propose that these tools will need to link quantitative and qualitative data and engineering judgment using narrative decision-making processes. To support this, we provide two examples where engineering decision-making is based in part on narrative processes. We then identify five research areas that require additional research to support large-world frames including (1) how can we create microcosms that enable transition between large- and small-world frames and (2) how engineers develop conviction to act using the narratives they create.
SYSTEMATIC OPTIMISATION PROCESS FOR AN EBIKE DRIVE UNIT IN A HIGHLY VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Steck Marco , Husung Stephan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDrive units of eBikes are used in every type of bicycle and for different riding scenarios and riders. Due to the different riders and bike types, an enormous variety of influencing parameters and load spectra must be considered during the design process. Therefore, in this paper, a systematic approach for the optimization of the drive unit is presented, which adopts and combines several approaches from design theory. The focus is on efficient modeling and simulation of the relevant parameters and load spectra to minimize uncertainties in the design process.Based on a system analysis, dimension-reduced parameter spaces are formed for the simulation of the system, meta-models are integrated into the simulation model and the results of the simulation are transferred into a data-based surrogate model to cover the parameter space in an efficient way with a minimum number of time consuming FE simulations. Furthermore, a coordinate-based evaluation method is presented for the FE model in order to form the input for the surrogate model, reduces the amount of data, and to allows a geometry- and mesh-independent evaluation to compare different models.
TEXT MINING OF RESILIENT OBJECTS ABSORBING CHANGE AND UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Panarotto Massimo , Giordano Vito , Chiarello Filippo , Brahma Arindam , Alonso Fernández Inigo , Fantoni Gualtiero 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current ways of coping with uncertainty such as changes during product design or use have been through methods such as easy restructuring (e.g., modularity with buffer in interface definition), by overdesign and so on. The present investments on maintaining products in the economy for “as long as possible” is challenging these strategies from a cost and environmental perspective. Moreover, these strategies often lead to highly overdesigned products. An alternative strategy is to introduce features in a design, called “resilient objects”, which are able to absorb such uncertainties without wasteful overdesign of other parts. By applying a ‘text-mining’ approach on patents, this paper has identified 5,552 candidates for such resilient objects that can be recombined and inserted in regions of the product that are likely to be most affected by current and future uncertainties. The application of resilient objects is demonstrated on a case study (a cooling system for battery electric vehicles). The case study highlights the ability of these objects to 1) significantly increase protection against uncertainties without the need for restructuring, 2 ) reduce the risk for overdesign and 3) dampen effects of change propagation.
THE ARISTOTELIAN CAUSALITIES IN LOCALISED DISTRIBUTED MANUFACTURING
Authors: Skouboe Esben Bala , Barros Mário 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHalf of the total greenhouse gas emissions and 90% of biodiversity loss come from resource extraction and processing. (EC 2020). To counter this, we must switch to sustainable, long-lasting products and slow down the use of resources. It is clear that these systems will not be fixed by incremental changes but by a series of disruptions. This article uses the Aristotelian causalities as a vehicle to break down the concept of “why” industrial design and discuss the underlying value propositions of distributed manufacturing. This critical perspective allows designers and engineers to bridge the knowledge-siloes and rewire the way a product is designed, sourced, built and consumed in relation to the four Aristotelian causalities. The paper discusses the limitations and potentialities for each causality in relation to a distributed manufacturing paradigm and argues for a new sustainable design concept: The Local Limited Edition. A site-specific product design, realised by brands to enrich brand value on local markets, improve market fit and increase attachment, ultimately improving the products' longevity and value of the products.
THE DESIGN MINDSET INVENTORY (D-MINDSET0): A PRELIMINARY INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING DESIGN MINDSET
Authors: Lavrsen Jakob Clemen , Daalhuizen Jaap , Carbon Claus-Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMindset has been identified as an essential aspect of design and innovation, impacting both behaviours and performance. However, the concept of design mindset is elusive. Often design mindset is used indistinguishably from design behaviour, diminishing the complexity of the mechanisms and cognitive processes underlying design behaviour. As the initial step in researching these mechanisms, we operationalise the concept of design mindset and present the design mindset inventory (D-Mindset0) to measure it. The initial inventory centered around 16 agreement-to-value statements related to design practice. To analyse the inventory, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis based on 473 master students from different engineering disciplines participating in a course on innovation in engineering. The analysis revealed a four-factor structure with 11 final items. The four factors align with the concepts of ‘conversation with the situation,’ ‘iteration,’ ‘co-evolution of problem-solution,’ and ‘imagination.’
THE EMERGENCE AND IMPACT OF SYNCHRONY IN DESIGN TEAMS: A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Perišić Marija Majda , Štorga Mario , Gero John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStudies revealed that, while collaborating, humans tend to synchronise on multiple levels (e.g., neurocognitive or physiological). Inter-brain synchrony has been linked to improved problem-solving, decision-making, and creativity. Nevertheless, studies on synchrony in design teams started to emerge only recently. This study contributes to this stream of research by utilising a computational model of a design team to explore the relationships between team cohesion, synchrony, and team performance. The experiments revealed a positive link between team cohesion level and the emergence of (cognitive) synchrony. Furthermore, cohesive teams were found to be more efficient, converging quicker and producing solutions at a higher rate. In addition, the diversity of the solutions generated by highly cohesive teams tends to increase over time. Teams in medium- and low-cohesive settings initially generate highly diverse solutions, but such diversity decreases as the simulation progresses. Finally, highly-cohesive teams were found to be prone to premature convergence.
THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL WORK IN COLLABORATIVE DESIGN MEETING: IMPACT ON DESIGN TOOLS AND METHODOLOGIES
Authors: Chartres Izabella , Gidel Thierry , Moulin Claude 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the importance of individual work in collaborative design meetings based on Granger’ causality and discusses how this impacts design tools and methodologies.Based on Tucker's et al. CIAO model of globally collaborative work which allows distinguishing the main modes of interaction during a meeting, our research identifies the patterns or sequences of those interaction modes according to the Granger causality concept. Granger causality makes it possible to identify a temporal precedence of events without necessarily implying causality.The results show that individual work plays a key role in achieving collaborative work. However, other factors such as the nature of the meetings and the objectives pursued also influence the sequences of interaction of the different modes.These first results allow making recommendations on collaborative work methodologies and support mechanisms for collaboration. For instance, the ability of digital devices to facilitate the simultaneous individual work of participants in a collective space is a key factor and the ability to preserve sequences for individual work during a design meeting should be monitored to keep global efficiency.
THE INFLUENCE OF REPRESENTATION ON SYSTEM INTERPRETATION: A SEARCH FOR MOST COMMON SET PARTITIONS
Authors: Murphy Alexander R. , Patel Apurva R. , Zorn Stefan , Gericke Kilian , Summers Joshua D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring engineering design, different representations are used to convey information about a systems' components, functionality, spatial layout, and interdependencies. These varying representations may have an impact on the interpretation of a system and consequently the decision-making process. This paper presents a research study that tries to capture these different interpretations by investigating how designers divide a system into subsystem clusters. These subsystem clusters can be considered partitions of a set-in combinatorial mathematics. Given designers' subsystem clusters for three products across three representation modalities, three different analysis methods for finding the most likely partition from observed data are presented. Analysis shows that the Variation of Information analysis method gives the most coherent and consistent results for the search of a most likely cluster. In addition, differences in clustering behaviour are observed based on representation modality. These results show that the way an engineer or designer chooses to represent a system impacts how that system is interpreted, which has implications for the decision-making process during engineering design.
THE INTERIOR DESIGN CHALLENGES OF A HYPERLOOP POD HOW TO ENHANCE THE PASSENGER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Cerron Gisela Zita , Liem Andre 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough still in its infancy, the Hyperloop project aims to develop a new type of public transport. The concept is to send a capsule, called “pod”, at about 1000km/h in a vacuum tube that would connect two places separated by 500km. One issue is that the pod will be windowless and travel inside a tube made of steel which will influence passenger comfort. This article brings together various domains to explore the different characteristics that can influence the travel experience. As the Hyperloop concept is still in an early stage of development, methods for analyzing the interior design of transportation vehicles, such as Kansei Engineering, Mayr's circle, and the comfort model by Looze have been proposed. Moreover, typical characteristics, such as “Environment”, “Running Factors” and “Service & Installation” have been discussed with respect to “passengers” experience, comfort and safety.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE AND INNOVATION: A STUDY THROUGH DESIGN OF MOTORCYCLES
Authors: Chandra Sushil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow does the quantity and quality of innovation in an organization vary with the architecture of the product that the organization produces is a recurring theme in literature. This paper attempts to answer this question in quantitative terms and establishes an empirical relationship. While establishing this relationship, this paper also finds objective and quantitative expressions both for the product architecture and innovation in such a way that both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of innovation are accounted for. In this process three new formulations, which can be calculated using the data available in public domain, have been established for architectural modularity, architectural complexity and innovativeness of an idea respectively.These formulations have been verified by collecting innovation data in an automobile manufacturing company and analyzing it from the perspective of architecture and innovation. Finally, the relatioships between architectural parameters and innovativeness have been explored. Implications include the type of architecture more amenable to innovation, the impact of innovation on architectural complexity and a methodological contribution to operationalizing innovation.
THE REPRESENTATION-USAGE-IMPACT (RUI) METHOD TO BETTER FRAME THE POTENTIAL SOCIAL IMPACTS OF A HIGHLY DISRUPTIVE PRODUCT—APPLICATION TO THE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE
Authors: Lecomte Robin , Yannou Bernard , Cahen Roland , Thibaud Guillaume , Etienne Fabrice 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInnovative products can be highly prospective and apt to disrupt usages profoundly. They can lead to multiple long-term social impacts influencing people's way of life and behaviour. So it is necessary to anticipate them without delay. Due to high uncertainty, designers may face the problem that conventional user-centred methods, which assess design performances from today's users, are not adapted. We think sociologists can help characterise the likely social impacts of future products. So we propose an original framework called the Representation-Usage-Impact (RUI) method to stimulate sociologists' projection and capture relevant knowledge about probable social impacts. The method includes a database structure encoding the knowledge of sociologists for further use in the design process. Its goal is to help designers avoid making choices today that may be regretted in decades. We illustrate the method and its process with the design of autonomous vehicle scenarios, as it will likely bring many new usages in the future. As the method is still under construction, we present an intermediate validation step involving sociologists. The first results suggest that the method might be a safeguard for the design of disruptive products.
THE RIGHT-TO-REPAIR MOVEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN IMPLICATIONS: A FOCUS ON THREE INDUSTRIAL SECTORS
Authors: Saidani Michael , Kim Alicia , Kim Madeline 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile products get more challenging to repair, the right-to-repair movement aims to empower consumers in their ability to “use, modify, and repair” a device “whenever, wherever, and however” they want. Here, the best design practices and remaining challenges of three industrial sectors – namely, consumer electronics, biomedical devices, and clothing industry – are investigated in light of the right-to-repair movement. Based on literature reviews and industrial surveys, a SWOT analysis is provided for each sector, and sustainable implications for product repair readiness are drawn. Concretely, recommendations to design, develop and sell products with right-to-repair in mind are given by sector. Future directions for a more quantitative assessment and implementation of design for product repair are discussed to ensure the augmentation of the circularity and sustainability performance of products.