bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Options for treatment of a small glottic gap
Authors: Heman‐Ackah Yolanda D. , Ivey Chandra M. , Alexander Ronda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlottic insufficiency, or glottic gap as it is commonly called, is a common cause of dysphonia, producing symptoms of soft voice, decreased projection, and vocal fatigue. The etiology of glottic gap can occur from issues related to muscle atrophy, neurologic impairment, structural abnormalities, and trauma related causes. Treatment of glottic gap can include surgical and behavioral therapies or a combination of the two. When surgery is chosen, closure of the glottic gap is the primary goal. Options for surgical management include injection medialization, thyroplasty, and other methods of medializing the vocal folds.MethodsThis manuscript reviews the current literature regarding the options for treatment of glottic gap.DiscussionThis manuscript discusses options for treatment of glottic gap, including the indications for temporary and permanent treatment modalities; the differences between the available materials for injection medialization laryngoplasty and how they affect the vibratory function of the vocal folds and vocal outcome; and the evidence that supports an algorithm for treatment of glottic gap.Level of Evidence3a—Systematic review of case–control studies.
Dry‐Spinning of Artificial Spider Silk Ribbons From Regenerated Natural Spidroin in an Organic Medium
Authors: Wang Man‐Yu , Zhang Jia‐Peng , Chen Shuang‐Lu , Qi Bei , Yao Xin‐Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Li Yi‐Tan , Yang Zhao‐Hui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNatural spider silks with striking performances achieve extensive investigations. Nonetheless, a lack of consensus over the mechanism of the natural spinning hinders the development of artificial spinning methods where the regenerated spider silks generally show poor performances compared with the natural fibers. As is known, the Plateau–Rayleigh instability tends to break solution column into droplets and is considered a main challenge during fiber‐spinning. Here in this study, by harnessing the viscoelastic properties of the regenerated spidroin dope solution via organic salt–zinc acetate (ZA), this outcome can be avoided, and dry‐spinning of long and mechanically robust regenerated spider silk ribbons can be successfully realized. The as‐obtained dry‐spun spider silk ribbons show an enhanced modulus up to 14 ± 4 GPa and a toughness of ≈51 ± 9 MJ m−3 after the post‐stretching treatment, which is even better than that of the pristine spider silk fibers. This facile and flexible strategy enriches the spinning methodologies which bypass the bottleneck of precisely mimicking the complex natural environment of the glands in spiders, shining a light to the spider‐silk‐based textile industrial applications.
Self‐supervised denoising of projection data for low‐dose cone‐beam CT
Authors: Choi Kihwan , Kim Seung Hyoung , Kim Sungwon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promising results in image denoising tasks. While most existing CNN‐based methods depend on supervised learning by directly mapping noisy inputs to clean targets, high‐quality references are often unavailable for interventional radiology such as cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).PurposeIn this paper, we propose a novel self‐supervised learning method that reduces noise in projections acquired by ordinary CBCT scans.MethodsWith a network that partially blinds input, we are able to train the denoising model by mapping the partially blinded projections to the original projections. Additionally, we incorporate noise‐to‐noise learning into the self‐supervised learning by mapping the adjacent projections to the original projections. With standard image reconstruction methods such as FDK‐type algorithms, we can reconstruct high‐quality CBCT images from the projections denoised by our projection‐domain denoising method.ResultsIn the head phantom study, we measure peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) values of the proposed method along with the other denoising methods and uncorrected low‐dose CBCT data for a quantitative comparison both in projection and image domains. The PSNR and SSIM values of our self‐supervised denoising approach are 27.08 and 0.839, whereas those of uncorrected CBCT images are 15.68 and 0.103, respectively. In the retrospective study, we assess the quality of interventional patient CBCT images to evaluate the projection‐domain and image‐domain denoising methods. Both qualitative and quantitative results indicate that our approach can effectively produce high‐quality CBCT images with low‐dose projections in the absence of duplicate clean or noisy references.ConclusionsOur self‐supervised learning strategy is capable of restoring anatomical information while efficiently removing noise in CBCT projection data.
3D analytical and numerical upper‐bound homogenization approaches to the in‐plane strength domain of a running‐bond masonry wall
Authors: Donval Elodie , Pham Duc Toan , Hassen Ghazi , de Buhan Patrick , Vigroux Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present paper proposes a new homogenization method in order to determine the in‐plane strength domain of a single‐wythe, running‐bond masonry wall. Two approaches, one analytical and one numerical, relying on the limit analysis/yield design framework, are introduced. The main novelty of these two approaches is that they allow to take into account a finite strength for the blocks and the mortar, as well as a non‐zero thickness for the joints, without any specific assumption on the state of stress or strain of the structure. For that purpose, 3D virtual failure mechanisms are considered. A comprehensive parametric study is performed, showing that in many cases, the analytical approach is as precise as the numerical one for a much lower computational cost. Finally, the strength domains obtained by the proposed approaches are compared to the results of an extensive experimental study on reduced‐scale masonry wallettes available in the literature, showing a good agreement in the compression‐compression range.
Coupled model for one‐dimensional nonlinear consolidation and organic contaminant transport in a triple‐layer composite liner considering the nonisothermal distribution condition
Authors: Jiang Wenhao , Ge Shangqi , Feng Chen , Huang Xiao , Li Jiangshan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe transport characteristics of organic contaminants are significantly affected by nonlinear consolidation and thermal‐diffusion behaviors. However, there is currently a lack of associated theoretical research on this topic. This study develops a coupled model for one‐dimensional (1D) nonlinear consolidation and organic contaminant transport in GM/GCL/CCL (geomembrane [GM], geosynthetic clay liner [GCL], and compacted clay liner [CCL]) composite liner considering the nonisothermal distribution condition. In particular, the influences of temperature on the parameters are incorporated, and the corresponding finite difference solutions are obtained. Furthermore, the rationality of the proposed theoretical model is effectively verified by conducting comparative analysis under different circumstances. Following this, the transport behaviors are investigated based on the defined breakthrough time . Compared with the isothermal distribution state (temperature difference ), the at equal to 10, 20, 30, and 40 K decreases by 25.4%, 41.3%, 52.2%, and 60.1%, respectively. The effect of thermal‐diffusion on the transport process is notable when the Soret coefficient ranges between 0.01 and . Moreover, compared with the case of no consolidation (loading rate ), the at equal to 50, 100, 150, and increases by 27.1%, 49.9%, 68.1%, and 83.9%, respectively. As the diffusion coefficient in GM changes from to , is observed to have a marked effect on the transport behavior.
Snapshot CEST++: Advancing rapid whole‐brain APTw‐CEST MRI at 3 T
Authors: Sedykh Maria , Liebig Patrick , Herz Kai , Fabian Moritz S. , Mennecke Angelika , Weinmüller Simon , Schmidt Manuel , Dörfler Arnd , Zaiss Moritz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAPTw CEST MRI suffers from long preparation times and consequently long acquisition times (~5 min). Recently, a consensus on the preparation module for clinical APTw CEST at 3 T was found in the community, and we present a fast whole‐brain APTw CEST MRI sequence following this consensus preparation of pulsed RF irradiation of 2 s duration at 90% RF duty‐cycle and a B1,rms of 2 μT. After optimization of the snapshot CEST approach for APTw imaging regarding flip angle, voxel size and frequency offset sampling, we extend it by undersampled GRE acquisition and compressed sensing reconstruction. This allows 2 mm isotropic whole‐brain APTw imaging for clinical research at 3 T below 2 min. With this sequence, a fast snapshot APTw imaging method is now available for larger clinical studies of brain tumors.
Black women's distress matters: Examining gendered racial disparities in psycho‐oncology referral rates
Authors: Aburizik Arwa , Brindle Madeline , Johnson Ebonee , Provencio Alyssa , Kivlighan Martin , LeBeau Brandon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivePresently, there is a lack of research examining gendered racial disparities in psycho‐oncology referral rates for Black women with cancer. Informed by intersectionality, gendered racism, and the Strong Black Woman framework, this study sought to examine the possibility that Black women are adversely affected by such phenomena as evidenced by lower probability of being referred to psycho‐oncology services compared to Black men, White women and White men.MethodsData for this study consisted of 1598 cancer patients who received psychosocial distress screening at a comprehensive cancer center in a large Midwest teaching hospital. Multilevel logistic modeling was used to examine the probability of referral to psycho‐oncology services for Black women, Black men, White women, and White men while controlling for patient‐reported emotional and practical problems and psychosocial distress.ResultsResults indicated that Black women had the lowest probability of being referred to psycho‐oncology services (2%). In comparison, the probability of being referred to psycho‐oncology were 10% for White women, 9% for Black men, and 5% for White men. Additionally, as nurses' patient caseload decreased, the probability of being referred to psycho‐oncology increased for Black men, White men, and White women. In contrast, nurses' patient caseload had little effect on the probability of being referred to psycho‐oncology for Black women.ConclusionsThese findings suggest unique factors influence psycho‐oncology referral rates for Black women. Findings are discussed with particular focus on how to enhance equitable care for Black women with cancer.
Stiffening of polydimethylsiloxane surface as result of exposure to low‐pressure argon discharge plasma
Authors: Tifui Garbiela , Dobromir Marius , Sirghi Lucel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface has been exposed to negative glow discharge plasma of a low‐pressure discharge in pure argon for a duration varying from 10 s to 2 min. Shallow atomic force microscopy indentation experiments were performed to investigate the effect of plasma treatment on PDMS surface stiffness and adhesion energy to the silicon nitride indenter surface. The results showed an important increase in Young's modulus and a slight increase of work of adhesion. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of plasma‐treated PDMS surface showed a decrease of atomic content of carbon accompanied by an increase of oxygen content and suggests that the stiffening of PDMS surface can be attributed to generation of new cross‐linking Si–O–Si and Si–CH2–CH2–Si bonds between PDMS molecules.
Development of a PBPK model to quantitatively understand absorption and disposition mechanism and support future clinical trials for PB‐201
Authors: Zhang Miao , Lei Zihan , Yu Ziheng , Yao Xueting , Li Haiyan , Xu Min , Liu Dongyang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPB‐201 is the second glucokinase activator in the world to enter the phase III clinical trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Combined with the efficacy advantages and the friendly absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics, the indication population of PB‐201 will be broad. Because the liver is the primary organ for PB‐201 elimination, and the elderly account for 20% of patients with T2DM, it is essential to estimate PB‐201 exposure in specific populations to understand the pharmacokinetic characteristics and avoid hypoglycemia. Despite the limited contribution of CYP3A4 to PB‐201 metabolism in vivo, the dual effects of nonspecific inhibitors/inducers on PB‐201 (substrate for CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 isoenzymes) exposure under fasted and fed states also need to be evaluated to understand potential risks of combination therapy. To grasp the unknown information, the physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was first developed and the influence of internal and external factors on PB‐201 exposure was evaluated. Results are shown that the predictive performance of the mechanistic PBPK model meets the predefined criteria, and can accurately capture the absorption and disposition characteristics. Impaired liver function and age‐induced changes in physiological factors may significantly increase the exposure under fasted state by 36%–158% and 48%–82%, respectively. The nonspecific inhibitor (fluconazole) and inducer (rifampicin) may separately increase/decrease PB‐201 systemic exposure by 44% and 58% under fasted state, and by 78% and 47% under fed state. Therefore, the influence of internal and external factors on PB‐201 exposure deserves attention, and the precision dose can be informed in future clinical studies based on the predicted results.
Sensor drift compensation for gas mixture classification in batch experiments
Authors: Oh YongKyung , Lee Juhui , Kim Sungil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSensor drift in batch experiments is a well‐known problem in mixed gas classification. In batch experiments, gas sensors can be easily affected by environmental covariates that hinder mixed gas classification. To address this problem, we propose a novel end‐to‐end deep learning model comprising a drift‐compensation module and classification module. Utilizing the nonlinear relationship between sensor readings and environmental covariates, the drift‐compensation module corrects the drifted sensor readings in batch experiments by minimizing a scatteredness‐based fitness function. The corrected values are then fed into the classification module. To train the proposed model, which involves optimizing two different objectives simultaneously, the hypernetwork‐based optimization approach with the stochastic gradient descent is employed. We validated the effectiveness of the proposed method for mixed gas classification using synthetic and real gas mixture data collected from the UCI machine learning repository.
Fatal sequelae of hydrogen sulphide poisoning
Authors: Goolam Nadirah , Bhikoo Raisa , Koegelenberg Coenraad F. N. , Lalla Usha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a toxic, colourless gas abundantly present at waste plants and sewers due to the presence of anaerobic forming organisms. Hazardous exposure via accidental, intentional or occupational contact results in endothelium disruption, cellular instability, decreased respiratory functional capacity and cardiovascular compromise with a rapidly fatal clinical course. Clinical manifestations are variable depending on the level of exposure with moderate or heavy exposure associated with rapid fatality. Respiratory manifestations remain the primary reason for admission to critical care facilities. We describe a case of a 30‐year‐old sewer worker with a history of heavy accidental occupational exposure of inhaled H2S admitted with acute respiratory distress syndrome and a rapid respiratory decline ultimately leading to death.
Spontaneous pulmonary herniation in COVID‐19
Authors: Macdonald Andrew , Butcher Cameron , Nguyen Thuy Nhu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpontaneous pulmonary hernia (SPH) is a rare condition. We report a case secondary to extreme coughing and COVID‐19 infection. The patient displayed several clinical features typical of this diagnosis; difficult to manage pain on coughing, flank haematoma and bulging of the chest wall on coughing. Clinicians should be aware of the risk factors and clinical features of SPH to aid diagnosis of this rare condition.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea mimicking asthma
Authors: Wickramasinghe Sugeesha , Munavvar Mohammed , Bittar Mohamad Nidal , Jacob Deepa , Nicholson Sarah , Stockwell Robert , Devineni Thyusha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is primarily a salivary gland tumour that rarely involves the respiratory tract. A 58‐year‐old lady was admitted with worsening dyspnoea, cough and wheezing for 2 days. CT pulmonary angiogram was done due to persistent dyspnoea which revealed a 12 mm mass protruding into the posterior aspect of the trachea with multiple enlarged nodes. There was a complete collapse of the left lower lobe and right middle lobe with right upper lobe pulmonary embolism which was thought to be contributing to her hypoxia. She was struggling with secretion clearance and initial measures to clear her secretions were not successful. She was treated with a tracheal stent, followed by an interval endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biopsy of the tracheal wall lesion which revealed ACC. She was referred to cardiothoracic surgeons for excision of the tumour after discussing in MDT. Surgery followed by radiotherapy is advised in cases with incomplete resection margins.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on students with relatives with addiction problems: A longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: van Namen Dorine M. , Hilberink Sander R. , de Vries Hein , Nagelhout Gera E. , van Staa AnneLoes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAddiction problems impact not only the persons with these problems but also family members. This study aims to examine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on stress, strain on health, study experiences, coping strategies, and access to support of students with relatives with addiction problems. Thirty students, aged 18–30 years, from a University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands participated in a three‐year qualitative longitudinal interview study. One round of individual semi‐structured interviews was conducted before the COVID‐19 pandemic, and three during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Directed Content Analysis was applied, using the Stress‐Strain‐Information‐Coping‐Support‐model. Four major themes were identified: (1) Increase in stress and strain; (2) Decrease in stress and strain; (3) Coping strategies, and (4) Access to social, professional, and educational support. Before the pandemic, most participants had health problems, especially mental health problems, including problems with their own substance use. Some had study delay. Analysis revealed that during the pandemic, most participants experienced an increase in these problems. This appeared to be related to their living situation: An increase in violence and relapse of relatives increased stress, especially for those living with their relatives. The coping strategies ‘standing up’ or ‘putting up’, and a decrease in support—social, professional, and educational—also contributed to stress. A few participants experienced less health problems and study problems. This was related to diminishing addiction problems of relatives, less social pressure, available help, and the coping strategy ‘withdrawing’. Withdrawing was much easier for participants who did not live with their relatives with addiction problems. It is recommended to keep schools and universities open during pandemics, offering a safe haven for students at risk in the home situation.
Technology use, work adaptation, and economic vulnerability during COVID‐19
Authors: Khademorezaian Kasra , Kosmopoulou Georgia , Connelly Shane , Fichtel Mark , Gujar Yash , Sun Heshan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe explore how technology use helped to cope with the stresses of social distancing during the pandemic contributing insights about the impact of work adaptation enabled by technology on economic vulnerability and resilience. Using a three‐wave survey conducted across 10 states in the United States, we found evidence that a high level of technology use was linked to a greater chance of maintaining employment during the pandemic. We evaluate job retention as a function of an index based on the prevalence of information technology (IT) usage in the workplace and psychological and somatic well‐being, controlling for technology use outside of the workplace, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.
QoS‐aware resource scheduling using whale optimization algorithm for microservice applications
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Samriya Jitendra Kumar , Dubey Kalka , Gill Sukhpal Singh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroservices is a structural approach, where multiple small set of services are composed and processed independently with lightweight communication mechanism. To accomplish the end‐user demand in minimum delay and cost without violating the service level agreement (SLA) constraints and overhead is a challenging issue in cloud computing. In addition, existing framework tries to deploy the microservice over the best computing resource for latency‐sensitive applications, but long boot‐time, and low resource utilization still remains a challenging task. To find the solution for aforementioned issues, we propose a Quality of Service (QoS) aware resource allocation model based on a Fine‐tuned Sunflower Whale Optimization Algorithm (FSWOA) that find the best resources for microservice deployment and fulfill the objectives of users as well as service provider. The proposed technique deploys the container‐based services over the physical machine based upon the capacity, to execute the micro services by utilizing the CPU and memory maximally. The proposed work aims is to distribute the workload in efficient manner and avoid the wastage of resources that leads to optimize the QoS parameters. The experimental results conducted in simulation environment demonstrates that proposed approach perform superior over baseline approaches and reduces the time, memory consumption, CPU consumption, and service cost up to 4.26%, 11.29%, 17.07% and 24.22% compared to SFWAO, GA, PSO and ACO.
On the occurrence of rare nannoliths (calcareous nannofossils) in the Early Jurassic and their implications for the end‐Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Paulsen Maria , Thibault Nicolas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA peculiar record of previously undescribed and/or rarely described nannoliths from the Hettangian to lower Pliensbachian of the Llanbdr (Mochras Farm) core, Wales (UK) is documented here. Some of the observed morphotypes are assigned to didemnid ascidians, commonly observed in the upper Rhaetian, as evidence of the resilience of ascidian tunicates during the end‐Triassic mass extinction. One newly described nannolith present throughout the Hettangian and Sinemurian,Quadrifolium hesselboi, is similar to forms previously observed in the upper Rhaetian, and is therefore considered to be a new nannofossil survivor from the end‐Triassic mass extinction. High‐amplitude changes observed in the absolute and relative abundances of nannoliths, schizosphaerellids and coccoliths across the Hettangian suggest a recovery interval from the end‐Triassic crisis spanning theplanorbis–liasicusammonite zones in four distinct steps with high volatility in environmental conditions, followed by the establishment of more stable environmental conditions in theangulataammonite zone.