bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination against robots: Discussing the ethics of social interactions and who is harmed
Authors: Barfield Jessica K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the topic of ethics and policy for human interaction with robots. The term “robot ethics” (or roboethics) is generally concerned with ethical problems that may occur when humans and robots interact in social situations or when robots make decisions which could impact human well-being. For example, whether robots pose a threat to humans in warfare, the use of robots as caregivers, or the use of robots which make decisions which could impact historically disadvantaged populations. In each case, the focus of the discussion is predominantly on how to design robots that act ethically toward humans (some refer to this issue as “machine ethics”). Alternatively, robot ethics could refer to the ethics associated with human behavior toward robots especially as robots become active members of society. It is this latter and relatively unexplored view of robot ethics that this article focuses on, and specifically whether robots will be the subject of discriminatory and biased responses from humans based on the robot’s perceived race, gender, or ethnicity. If so, the paper considers what issues are implicated, and how society might respond? From past research, preliminary evidence suggests that acts of discrimination which may be directed against people may also be expressed toward robots experienced in social contexts; therefore, discrimination against robots as a function of their physical design and behavior is an important and timely topic of discussion for robot ethics, human–robot interaction, and the design of social robots.
eIF4EHP promotes Ldh mRNA translation in and fruit fly adaptation to hypoxia
Authors: Liang Manfei , Hody Clara , Yammine Vanessa , Soin Romuald , Sun Yuqiu , Lin Xing , Tian Xiaoying , Meurs Romane , Perdrau Camille , Delacourt Nadège , Oumalis Marina , Andris Fabienne , Conrard Louise , Kruys Véronique , Gueydan Cyril 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHypoxia induces profound modifications in the gene expression program of eukaryotic cells due to lowered ATP supply resulting from the blockade of oxidative phosphorylation. One significant consequence of oxygen deprivation is the massive repression of protein synthesis, leaving a limited set of mRNAs to be translated. Drosophila melanogaster is strongly resistant to oxygen fluctuations; however, the mechanisms allowing specific mRNA to be translated into hypoxia are still unknown. Here, we show that Ldh mRNA encoding lactate dehydrogenase is highly translated into hypoxia by a mechanism involving a CA‐rich motif present in its 3′ untranslated region. Furthermore, we identified the cap‐binding protein eIF4EHP as a main factor involved in 3′UTR‐dependent translation under hypoxia. In accordance with this observation, we show that eIF4EHP is necessary for Drosophila development under low oxygen concentrations and contributes to Drosophila mobility after hypoxic challenge. Altogether, our data bring new insight into mechanisms contributing to LDH production and Drosophila adaptation to oxygen variations.
Targeted Vaccine Messaging to Promote COVID-19 Vaccines for Children and Youth
Authors: Heffernan Marie E. , Bendelow Anne , Kociolek Larry K. , Smith Tracie L. , Menker Carly G. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of distinct message types in promoting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination intentions for parents of children and adolescents.

METHODS
We collected data through the Voices of Child Health in Chicago Parent Panel Survey from October to November 2021. Parents were randomly assigned to read 1 of 4 vaccine message types and then report their intentions to vaccinate each COVID-19–unvaccinated child (0–17 years) in their household (n = 1453).

RESULTS
The sample included 898 parents. Compared with a control group (37.5%), the proportion of parents who were very likely to vaccinate their children was higher when messages highlighted that other trusted parents have vaccinated their children (53.3%) or that the vaccine is safe and thoroughly tested (48.9%) but not when messages highlighted that the vaccine is well-tolerated (41.5%). After adjusting for parent and child characteristics, the odds of being very likely to vaccinate remained higher in the trusted parents group but not in the safe/thoroughly tested group. Unlike the control and well-tolerated groups, there were no racial/ethnic disparities in the unadjusted proportion of parents who were very likely to vaccinate in the trusted parents and safe/thoroughly tested groups. Message types affected the unadjusted proportion of COVID-19-unvaccinated parents who were very likely to vaccinate their children.

CONCLUSIONS
Messages that focus on trusted parents choosing to vaccinate their children were more effective at promoting parents’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions for their children than alternative messages. These findings have implications for public health messaging and pediatric providers’ communications with parents.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE AUTOMATED SYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF METROLOGICAL SERVICE OF MEASURING TECHNIQUES — AS AN INFORMATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEM FOR COLLECTIVE USE
Authors: Ignatkin V. U. , Dudnikov V.S. , Alekseenko S.V. , Luchyshyn Т.R. , Khomosh Y.S. , Yushkevich О.P. , Tikhonov V.A. 
Published: May 2023

As an assessment of the effectiveness of the dialog system of collective use, on the example of the system of automated control of metrological maintenance of measuring equipment (SACMMME), the ratio of the average reactivity of the system to the average cost per request is used. The ratio of the average reactivity of the target system to the average cost per request (C) is studied. Under the reactivity is the value inverse of the time of the request in the system. The flow of queries in the system obeys the Poisson distribution law. The method of simulation modeling is chosen for research.
Obtained: time dependences (C) between two adjacent queries; the dependence of the cost of one request on the intensity of requests; the dependence of the cost of one request on the bandwidth of the system, etc.
Increasing the efficiency of shared dialogue systems is possible through a fuller load of more information system power. The selected evaluation criterion shows, which margin in the system bandwidth is excessive.
The results of calculations of economic efficiency from the introduction of SACMMME at several enterprises and research institutes are given.
In the general case, the methods of determining the economic efficiency of ACS for different purposes differ in the composition of the elements of disorder (loss) and the degree of influence of the information used on the state of the managed system.
The main criterion for assessing the economic efficiency of ACS development is the growth of profits of industrial enterprises, taking into account the growth of productivity of social labor, ie. mainly by reducing production costs. The annual savings from the introduction of ACS and the payback period of additional capital investments are used as a quantitative expression of the economic efficiency of ACS creation.
Identification and damping of low-frequency oscillations based on WAMS data and the revisited residue method – part I
Authors: Bektimirov Anur , Malik Om Parkash , Saukhimov Almaz , Didorenko Eugene 
Published: May 2023

The results of low-frequency oscillations identification in the Republic of Kazakhstan power grid by using a Wide Area Measurement System are presented and an algorithm for damping low-frequency oscillations is proposed in this paper. Analysis of weakly damped inter-area low-frequency oscillations revealed a constant mode with a frequency range of 0.3‒0.4 Hz. It was determined that at these low-frequency oscillations, the amplitude of active power fluctuations along the transmission line was 150 MW with a duration of 9 minutes. The modal analysis calculation of the Republic of Kazakhstan power system model in the «DigSilent Power Factory» software shows the dangerous low-frequency oscillation modes having a damping ratio is 2.2 % and an eigenfrequency 0.328 Hz. These oscillation modes identified by the real data and in the developed model indicate the incorrect tuning of power system stabilizer parameters at power plants. It is necessary to retune the power system stabilizer parameters whenever changing the system’s and mode’s configurations.
An analysis of existing power system stabilizer tuning methods was performed, and revisited residue method was determined as sufficiently effective. Thus, the developed algorithm for identification and damping of low-frequency oscillation consists of three tasks. The first task is data collection from the Wide Area Measurement System and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system and updating the calculation model based on the current status of equipment (generators, transformers, transmission lines, etc.). The second task is the identification of dangerous electromechanical oscillations and modal analysis based on information obtained in real-time. The third task is tuning the power system stabilizer parameters for damping dangerous low-frequency oscillation modes based on the revisited residue method
Determining the effect of plasmochemically activated aqueous solutions on the bioactivation process of sea buckthorn seeds
Authors: Kovalova Olena , Vasylieva Natalia , Stankevych Serhii , Zabrodina Inna , Haliasnyi Ivan , Gontar Tatiana , Kotliar Oleh , Gavrish Tatiana , Gill Michael , Karatieieva Olena 
Published: May 2023

The studies revealed the regularities of obtaining bioactivated sea buckthorn seeds using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions during germination. Sea buckthorn seeds were chosen as the research object. Plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions were used to activate the germination process. This made it possible to solve the problem of processing waste from the production of sea buckthorn oil, and also contributed to obtaining a high-quality component of food products.
Experimental studies have proven the effectiveness of using plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions as effective intensifiers and disinfectants for the process of bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds. It is shown that their use intensifies the germination of sea buckthorn seeds, contributes to a more active accumulation of biologically valuable components in the seeds. Plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions with a peroxide concentration of 300–700 mg/l were used. An increase in the geometric parameters of seeds, namely length by 8.5–14.9 % and width by 3.7–14.8 %, was recorded. The germination energy increased by 5–13 % and germination capacity by 5–14 %. The composition of sea buckthorn seeds, both derived raw material and bioactivated, was investigated. Studies have shown that bioactivated seeds contain an increased amount of highly valuable substances. The protein content increased by 4 % compared to sea buckthorn seeds and by 1.7 % compared to the control. The lipid content increased by 2 and 1.1 %. An increase in the content of vitamins was noted: B1, B2, C, A, E, R. The amount of amino acids increased by 9–13 % compared to the control, and compared to the original raw material – by 1.5–3.5 times. In addition, plasma-chemically activated aqueous solutions effectively disinfected the raw material.
The presented technology can be used in the food processing industry
Determining the thermal-physical characteristics of a coke foam layer in the fire protection of cable articles with foaming coating
Authors: Tsapko Yuriy , Likhnyovskyi Ruslan , Tsapko Аleksii , Kovalenko Vitalii , Slutska Oksana , Illiuchenko Pavlo , Kravchenko Rostyslav , Sukhanevych Maryna 
Published: May 2023

An issue related to using cable products for building structures is to ensure their stability and durability when operating within wide limits. Therefore, the object of research was a change in the properties of the polymer sheath of the cable during the formation of a swollen coating layer under the influence of high temperature. It is proved that in the process of thermal action on the flame retardant coating, the process of thermal insulation of the cable involves the formation of particulate products on the surface of the sample. Under the action of the burner flame, a temperature was reached on the surface of the sample, which led to a swelling of the coating of more than 16 mm. The measured temperature on the inverse surface of the sample was no more than 160 °C, which indicates the formation of a barrier for temperature. In this regard, a calculation and experimental method for determining thermal conductivity when using a flame retardant as a coating has been developed, which makes it possible to estimate the coefficients of temperature conductivity and thermal conductivity under high-temperature action. According to the experimental data and established dependences, the coefficients of temperature conductivity and thermal conductivity of wood were calculated, which are 214.4·10–6 m2/s and 0.62 W/(m∙K), respectively, due to the formation of a heat-insulating swollen layer. The maximum possible temperature penetration through the thickness of the coating was assessed. A temperature was created on the surface of the sample, which significantly exceeds the ignition temperature of the polymer sheath of the cable, and, on a non-heated surface, does not exceed 160 °C. Thus, there is reason to argue about the possibility of directed adjustment of the fire protection processes of an electrical cable by using coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which inhibits the rate of heat transfer.
Building a model of the goods delivery system that uses unmanned aerial vehicles based on priority
Authors: Knysh Bogdan , Kulyk Yaroslav 
Published: May 2023

This paper considers the organization of a goods delivery process, which is selected as the study object. It has been established that the main problems that arise in this case can be caused, for example, by the imperfection of infrastructure and transport for delivery. This can be partially solved through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for the delivery of goods, as well as by solving tasks related to effective control over their movement. However, there is another issue associated with the insufficient efficiency of existing mathematical models of goods delivery systems involving unmanned aerial vehicles since the maximum possible delivery speed is not provided. Therefore, there is a need to find a better solution to this problem.
A model of the goods delivery system that uses unmanned aerial vehicles based on priority has been built. The resulting model takes into account the intensity of requests and provides a shorter waiting time in the queue, and therefore a greater delivery speed.
Models of single-channel and multichannel goods delivery systems with failures and expectations were investigated according to probability. It was found that the devised goods delivery system is on average less loaded per unit of time and makes it possible to serve more orders while incoming orders are in line for less time. The same models have also been investigated according to the waiting time in the queue. It has been established that the devised goods delivery system provides a shorter waiting time in the queue. At the same time, the deviation between the theoretical and experimental values of probabilities and waiting time is 2 % and 3 %, respectively, which allows us to assert high accuracy of the results and the devised model as a whole.
The results reported here could be used in practice in the absence of an extensive network of logistics and sales and remoteness of recipients
Applying machine learning to improve a texture type image
Authors: Tussupov Jamalbek , Kozhabai Kairat , Bayegizova Aigulim , Kassenova Leila , Manbetova Zhanat , Glazyrina Natalya , Mukhamedi Bersugir , Yeginbayev Miras 
Published: May 2023

The paper is devoted to machine learning methods that focus on texture-type image enhancements, namely the improvement of objects in images. The aim of the study is to develop algorithms for improving images and to determine the accuracy of the considered models for improving a given type of images. Although currently used digital imaging systems usually provide high-quality images, external factors or even system limitations can cause images in many areas of science to be of low quality and resolution. Therefore, threshold values for image processing in a certain field of science are considered.
The first step in image processing is image enhancement. The issues of signal image processing remain in the focus of attention of various specialists. Currently, along with the development of information technology, the automatic improvement of images used in any field of science is one of the urgent problems. Images were analyzed as objects: state license plates of cars, faces, sections of the field on satellite images.
In this work, we propose to use the models of Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (SRGAN), Extended Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks (ERSGAN). For this, an experiment was conducted, the purpose of which was to retrain the trained ESRGAN model with three different architectures of the convolutional neural network, i.e. VGG19, MobileNet2V, ResNet152V2 to add perceptual loss (by pixels), also add more sharpness to the prediction of the test image, and compare the performance of each retrained model. As a result of the study, the use of convolutional neural networks to improve the image showed high accuracy, that is, on average ESRGAN+MobileNETV2 – 91 %, ESRGAN+VGG19 – 86 %, ESRGAN+ResNet152V2 – 96 %.
Optimizing biogas production using artificial neural network
Authors: Komarysta Bohdana , Dzhygyrey Iryna , Bendiuh Vladyslav , Yavorovska Olha , Andreeva Antonina , Berezenko Kateryna , Meshcheriakova Iryna , Vovk Oksana , Dokshyna Sofiia , Maidanskyi Ivan 
Published: May 2023

The object of this study is the operating parameters of the anaerobic digestion unit. The study aims to increase the potential of biogas production. The task to select the optimal parameters of the working process of anaerobic digestion has been solved.
A model of cumulative biogas and methane output in the process of anaerobic waste digestion has been constructed, which is conceptualized using the method of artificial neural network. The model is built on the basis of 11 process-related variables, such as hydraulic retention time, pH, operating temperature, etc.
The plant parameters, leading to the highest volume of biogas production, were selected. It was determined that the optimal amount of biogas can be brought to 90 %, which exceeds the maximum value obtained from factory records by 12.6 % to 700 m3/t. Working conditions that led to optimal methane production were defined as the temperature of 39 °C, the total solids of 4.5 %, the organic percentage of 97.8 %, and pH 8.0.
It was found that biogas production is the highest at temperature within the thermophilic range while the local maximum is achieved in the mesophilic temperature range.
The model built serves to determine the optimal operating parameters for maximum biogas production and could be used to optimize biogas production productivity using limited experimental data. The model also makes it possible to predict the performance of anaerobic digestion under untested conditions.
It is possible to practically use the developed biogas production model when monitoring the operation of the anaerobic digestion unit, to increase the efficiency of the process, and when adjusting the working conditions of the methane tank
Comparison of bicoherence on the ensemble of realizations and a selective evaluation of the bispectrum of the dynamics of dangerous parameters of the gas medium during fire
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Rybka Evgenіy , Polkovnychenko Dmytro , Myskovets Iryna , Bezuhla Yuliia , Butenko Tetiana , Harbuz Serhii , Prokhorova Larysa , Levada Olga , Kravtsov Mikhail 
Published: May 2023

The object of the study is the bicoherence of the bispectrum assessment of the dynamics of dangerous parameters of the gas environment during the ignition of materials. The subject is a measure of bicoherence of the bispectrum estimation from the ensemble of realizations and selective bispectrum estimation for the dynamics of hazardous parameters of the gas environment. The practical importance of the research is the use of the measure of bicoherence of the bispectrum for the early detection of fires. The measure of bicoherence of the dynamics of hazardous parameters of the gas environment is substantiated, which allows them to be numerically compared for the studied bispectrum estimates. As such measure, it is proposed to use the integral value of bicoherence for a given frequency interval, which makes it possible to numerically compare the bicoherence of bispectrum estimates for arbitrary time intervals of the dynamics of hazardous parameters of the gas environment. On the basis of the proposed measure for the frequency range of 0.2–2 Hz, a comparison of the integral bicoherence of the bispectrum estimates was made. The numerical value of the measure was determined for three fixed time intervals of the dynamics of hazardous parameters of the environment, corresponding to the absence of ignition, the occurrence of ignition, and the subsequent burning of test materials in the laboratory chamber. According to the results of the comparison of such values, it was established that the bicoherence of the bispectrum estimation from the ensemble of realizations is the most appropriate for detecting fires. When ignited, the numerical value of the measure for all test materials is about 90°. This means that the nature of the dynamics of hazardous environmental parameters in the event of fires becomes random. In this regard, the proposed measure is recommended to be used as a test for early detection of fires.
Assessing the effect of mechanical deformation of the panasonic NCR18650B lithium-ion power cell housing on its fire safety
Authors: Lazarenko Oleksandr , Hembara Taras , Pospolitak Vitalii , Voytovych Dmytro 
Published: May 2023

This paper considers the deformation properties of the body of the lithium-ion power cell (LIPC) Panasonic NCR18650B (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2) exposed to the action of static load at various techniques of fixing the cell. Determining the properties of LIPCs under appropriate conditions makes it possible to fill the gap in existing studies, which will further ensure the safety of their use.
Based on the results of experimental studies, the LIPC rigidity and temperature indicators were determined in accordance with the applied load. The most dangerous variant, from the point of view of fire danger, of applying a static load on the cell has been established.
It was experimentally established that, on average, the Panasonic NCR18650B LIPC housing can withstand a load of about 80 kg·s/cm2 (or 7.84 MPa) without further ignition. An increase in pressure force in the range exceeding 85–90 kg·s/cm2 leads to an irreversible chain thermochemical reaction, which, within 2–3 seconds, leads to LIPC ignition. Compressing the LIPC evenly along its lateral surface showed the occurrence of combustion at the load on the cell equal to 150 kg·s/cm2. The average temperature of the cell during combustion caused by the deformation of the housing is 350–450 °C, and the maximum value is registered in the range of 580–680 °C.
The mathematical model built on the basis of the mathematical theory of thin shells adequately describes the stressed-strained state of the cylindrical body of cells under the action of a force concentrated and distributed load. The estimation model is satisfactorily verified by experimental results, making it possible to improve the strength and rigidity of LIPC housing by choosing the appropriate steel grade for its body, the geometric dimensions, and the structural technique of its fastening.