bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase PDE8B reduces activation of primordial follicles in mouse ovaries
Authors: Madsen Julie Feld , Amoushahi Mahboobeh , Choi Christian Posselt , Bundgaard Stine , Heuck Anders , Lykke‐Hartmann Karin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the ovaries, cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger supporting the generation of steroids. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are regulators of intracellular cAMP, and therefore, potential regulators of ovarian function. Interestingly, the family of PDE genes are differentially expressed in human oocytes and granulosa cells from primordial and primary follicles, suggesting diverse roles. In this study, we addressed the functions of PDE3B and PDE8B in primordial follicle regulation using inhibitors of PDE3B and PDE8B in murine ovary primary in vitro cultures. Inhibition of PDE8B in ovarian cultures prevented primordial follicle activation, while inhibition of PDE3B had no effect on follicle distribution in the ovary, under the tested conditions. As cAMP levels may increase steroid levels, we assessed the protein levels of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and aromatase enzymes, and found that inhibition of PDE3B reduced StAR protein levels, whereas inhibition of PDE8 did not alter StAR expression in our murine ovary culture system conditions. Our results showed that ketotifen‐induced inhibition of PDE8B can decrease primordial follicle activation, whereas we observed no effect of follicle distribution, when PDE3B was inhibited. Expression of the StaR enzyme was not altered when PDE8B was inhibited, which might reflect not sufficient inhibition by ketotifen to induce StAR alterations, or redundant mechanisms.
Secondary school Student's perspectives about nursing career and their motivations to become future nurses in Singida municipal: A qualitative study
Authors: Omari Rehema Bakari , Masanja Pendo Paschal , Masika Golden Mwakibo , Hussein Mahamudu Rashid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo explore secondary school students’ perspectives about nursing careers and their motivations to become future nurses.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted among secondary school students in Central Tanzania. Secondary school students who study science subjects and are eligible for nursing studies were selected from two schools. Two focus‐group discussions, comprising seven and eight students per group, one in each school, were conducted. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsTwo themes with seven sub‐themes emerged representing students’ perspectives about nursing and the factors that motivate them to choose nursing as their future career. These themes are as follows: (1) Perspectives about a nurse and nursing, with five sub‐themes: (i) nurses’ roles; (ii) qualities of nurses; (iii) workplace for nurses; (iv) nature of the job; and (v) position of a nurse or nursing; and (2) Motivations to become future nurses, with two sub‐themes: (i) extrinsic factors, and (ii) intrinsic factors.
Ambulatory Orbital Fracture Repair: An Analysis of ER Visits After Surgery From a Multistate Study
Authors: Yu Alison J. , Collet Casey , Su Peiyi , Ference Elisabeth , Moayer Roxana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the 30‐day postoperative emergency room (ER) visit rate following ambulatory orbital fracture repair with same‐day discharge, and the causes and risk factors associated with ER visit.Study DesignDatabase study.SettingState Ambulatory Surgery and Services Database (SASD) and State Emergency Department Database (SEDD) for California, New York, and Florida for 2011.MethodsWe identified orbital fracture repair procedures among adults from the SASD, which was linked to the SEDD to identify the incidence and causes of ER visits within 30 days. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with ER visit.ResultsAmong 762 patients, the 30‐day postoperative ER visit rate was 4.5%. Most ER visits (58.9%) occurred during the first week after surgery. The most common reasons for ER visits were related to pain, swelling, headache, dizziness, and fatigue (29.4%), followed by ophthalmologic etiologies including visual disturbances and infection of the eye (14.7%). There was no case of retrobulbar hematoma. In the multivariate analysis, patients living in Florida were at a significantly higher risk for ER visit compared to those in California (odds ratio: 4.48 [1.43‐14.10], p = .010).ConclusionAmbulatory orbital fracture repair appears to be safe. Common reasons for ER visit included pain, swelling, and ophthalmic symptoms. An increased risk for ER visit was seen with certain geographic regions but not with medical comorbidities or concurrent facial fractures or procedures.
Structural and biochemical insights into the bacteriophage PlyGRCS endolysin targeting methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and serendipitous discovery of its interaction with a cold shock protein C (CspC)
Authors: Krishnappa Gopinatha , Mandal Mitali , Ganesan Saranya , Babu Sudhagar , Padavattan Sivaraman , Haradara Bahubali Veena Kumari , Padmanabhan Balasundaram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes life‐threatening human infections. Bacteriophage‐encoded endolysins degrade the cell walls of Gram‐positive bacteria by selectively hydrolyzing the peptidoglycan layer and thus are promising candidates to combat bacterial infections. PlyGRCS, the S. aureus‐specific bacteriophage endolysin, contains a catalytic CHAP domain and a cell‐wall binding SH3_5 domain connected by a linker. Here, we show the crystal structure of full‐length PlyGRCS refined to 2.1 Å resolution. In addition, a serendipitous finding revealed that PlyGRCS binds to cold‐shock protein C (CspC) by interacting with its CHAP and SH3_5 domains. CspC is an RNA chaperone that plays regulatory roles by conferring bacterial adaptability to various stress conditions. PlyGRCS has substantial lytic activity against S. aureus and showed only minimal change in its lytic activity in the presence of CspC. Whereas the PlyGRCS‐CspC complex greatly reduced CspC‐nucleic acid binding, the aforesaid complex may downregulate the CspC function during bacterial infection. Overall, the crystal structure and biochemical results of PlyGRCS provide a molecular basis for the bacteriolytic activity of PlyGRCS against S. aureus.
Exposure‐safety and exposure‐efficacy analyses for tisotumab vedotin for patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Passey Chaitali , Voellinger Jenna , Gibiansky Leonid , Gunawan Rudy , Nicacio Leonardo , Soumaoro Ibrahima , Hanley William D. , Winter Helen , Gupta Manish 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) tisotumab vedotin (TV) received accelerated approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of adults with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (r/mCC) with disease progression on or after chemotherapy. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model, developed using dosing data from four clinical TV studies, was used to estimate individual exposure and explore safety and efficacy exposure‐response (ER) relationships. Because PK analysis showed no appreciable accumulation of TV and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) with repeated dosing, cycle 1 exposure metrics and predicted average concentrations from time zero until end of the cycle in which an event occurred (CavgLast) were used for ER analyses. The probability of achieving objective response increased significantly as the ADC cycle 1 maximum serum concentration (Cmax) increased. The probability of treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) leading to dose modification increased significantly as ADC cycle 1 area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) increased. Number of grade 2+ ocular AEs increased significantly as ADC cycle 1 AUC, Cmax, and ADC CavgLast increased. MMAE cycle 1 AUC predicted risk of serious treatment‐related AEs. The relationship between ADC exposure and efficacy end points suggests ADC treatment was associated with clinically meaningful response across the observed exposures; greater exposure was associated with increased efficacy. The relationship between ADC and MMAE exposure and safety end points suggests increased exposure was associated with increased AE risk. These results align with clinical findings showing TV 2 mg/kg (≤200 mg for patients ≥100 kg) every 3 weeks is efficacious and tolerable for patients with r/mCC.
Warm conveyor belts as amplifiers of forecast uncertainty
Authors: Pickl Moritz , Quinting Julian F. , Grams Christian M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWarm conveyor belts (WCBs) are rapidly ascending air streams associated with extratropical cyclones. WCBs exert a substantial influence on the evolution of the large‐scale midlatitude flow and have previously been related to increased forecast uncertainty in case studies. This study provides a first systematic investigation of the role of WCBs for errors in medium‐range ensemble forecasts in the Atlantic–European region. The study is enabled through a unique data set, allowing for a Lagrangian detection of WCBs in three years of operational ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. By analysing the relationship between commonly used error metrics of variables that characterise the large‐scale flow and WCBs, the study aims to shed light on the question of the extent to which WCBs act as a source of forecast errors and as an amplifier of pre‐existing errors in a state‐of‐the‐art global operational numerical weather prediction model. We show that forecasts with high WCB activity are on average characterised by an amplified Rossby‐wave pattern and anticyclonic flow anomalies downstream. We find that the forecast skill is generally reduced when the WCB activity is high, and that WCB activity is particularly increased when the error growth is largest. To establish a causal relationship, we employ two composite approaches. The first focuses on the time of largest error growth and the second calculates normalised forecast error fields centered on WCB objects. Both approaches yield a consistent picture: anomalously high errors are initially associated with misrepresentations of an upstream trough. In regions of WCB ascent and outflow, the errors grow rapidly in terms of magnitude and scale and are projected onto the upper‐level large‐scale circulation. We also find indications that WCBs can cause errors even when the upstream flow is well represented. Notwithstanding, evidence is robust for WCBs acting as an amplifier of forecast uncertainty.
Modular autonomous strawberry picking robotic system
Authors: Parsa Soran , Debnath Bappaditya , Khan Muhammad Arshad , E. Amir Ghalamzan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChallenges in strawberry picking made selective harvesting robotic technology very demanding. However, the selective harvesting of strawberries is a complicated robotic task forming a few scientific research questions. Most available solutions only deal with a specific picking scenario, for example, picking only a single variety of fruit in isolation. Nonetheless, most economically viable (e.g., high‐yielding and/or disease‐resistant) varieties of strawberry are grown in dense clusters. The current perception technology in such use cases is inefficient. In this work, we developed a novel system capable of harvesting strawberries with several unique features. These features allow the system to deal with very complex picking scenarios, for example, dense clusters. Our concept of a modular system makes our system reconfigurable to adapt to different picking scenarios. We designed, manufactured, and tested a patented picking head with 2.5‐degrees of freedom (two independent mechanisms and one dependent cutting system) capable of removing possible occlusions and harvesting the targeted strawberry without any contact with the fruit flesh to avoid damage and bruising. In addition, we developed a novel perception system to localize strawberries and detect their key points, picking points, and determine their ripeness. For this purpose, we introduced two new data sets. Finally, we tested the system in a commercial strawberry growing field and our research farm with three different strawberry varieties. The results show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed system. The designed picking head was able to remove occlusions and harvest strawberries effectively. The perception system was able to detect and determine the ripeness of strawberries with 95% accuracy. In total, the system was able to harvest 87% of all detected strawberries with a success rate of 83% for all pluckable fruits. We also discuss a series of open research questions in the discussion section.
Territorial Digital Twins: A key for increasing the community resilience of fragile mountain inner territories?
Authors: Chioni Chiara , Pezzica Camilla , Favargiotti Sara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAreas suffering territorial imbalances are at risk, as climate change and inherent social‐spatial vulnerabilities bring uncertainty over their capacity to achieve sustainable development. To enable policy‐makers' vision for them, the paper proposes adopting digitally‐enhanced disaster risk reduction practices which promote civic engagement and evidence‐based decision‐making. The study introduces the concept of Territorial Digital Twins (TDTs) demonstrating the potential benefits of networking distributed information resources and enabling their integration in two paradigmatic Italian inner mountain areas, which are linked to different priorities of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR). This contribution argues the importance of complementing the technical approach with the social perspective in the development of TDTs oriented at increasing the community resilience of territorially imbalanced areas. It then illustrates the usefulness of exploiting TDTs (from photogrammetry, GIS mapping, Space Syntax analysis) to overcome the barriers to the SFDRR, and enable its effective implementation in localities.
Promoting local food products for sustainability: Developing a taxonomy of best practices
Authors: Guillaumie Laurence , Vézina‐Im Lydi‐Anne , Boiral Olivier , Prescott Jacques , Bergeron Amélie , Yuriev Alexander 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe number of practices promoting local food have been rapidly growing in recent years, mainly in response to the increasing interest from consumers and their sustainability benefits. The objective of this scoping review is to present a taxonomy of the most promising promotion practices in this domain. A targeted search within a database specialized in storing newspaper articles resulted in the identification of 78 documents that were published prior to COVID‐19 pandemic. Their analysis led to the development of a taxonomy containing four major categories regrouping 14 types of initiatives to promote local food products. The review also highlighted the principal strengths of these initiatives (e.g., facilitating access to local food products, promoting social diversity, integration, and solidarity), as well as some obstacles (e.g., funding, infrastructure, and volunteer recruitment). The taxonomy presented in this review can be used to guide the analysis of existing or the development of new local food promotion initiatives, thus encouraging sustainability in this domain.
Stabilize Sodium Metal Anode by Integrated Patterning of Laser‐Induced Graphene with Regulated Na Deposition Behavior
Authors: Xiao Hong , Li Yijuan , Chen Weizhao , Xie Tangchao , Zhu Hengji , Zheng Weitao , He Jialang , Huang Shaoming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetallic sodium is regarded as the most potential anode for sodium‐ion batteries due to its high capacity and earth‐abundancy. Nevertheless, uncontrolled Na dendrite growth and infinite volume change remain great challenges for developing high‐performance sodium metal batteries. This work provides a simple and general approach to stabilize sodium metal anode (SMA) by constructing Sn nanoparticles‐anchored laser‐induced graphene on copper foil (Sn@LIG@Cu) consisting of Sn@LIG composite, polyimide (PI) columns, and Cu current collector. The Sn‐based sodiophilic species effectively reduce the Na nucleation overpotential and regulate the dendrite Na‐free deposition. While the flexible PI columns act as binder and buffer the volume variation of Na during cycling. Besides, the unique patterned structure provides continuous and rapid channels for ion transportation, promoting the Na+ transport kinetics. Therefore, the as‐fabricated Sn@LIG@Cu electrode exhibits outstanding rate performance to 40 mA cm−2 and excellent cycling stability without dendrite growth, which is confirmed by in‐situ optical microscopy observation. Moreover, the practical full cell based on such an anode displays a favorable rate capability of up to 10 C and cycling performance at 5 C for 600 cycles. This work thus demonstrates a facile, highly‐efficient, and scalable approach to stabilize SMAs and can be extended to other battery systems.
From Pristine to Heteroatom‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots: An Essential Review and Prospects for Future Research
Authors: Im Min Ji , Kim Jin Il , Hyeong Seok‐Ki , Moon Byung Joon , Bae Sukang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) are carbon‐based zero‐dimensional materials that have received considerable scientific interest due to their exceptional optical, electrical, and optoelectrical properties. Their unique electronic band structures, influenced by quantum confinement and edge effects, differentiate the physical and optical characteristics of GQDs from other carbon nanostructures. Additionally, GQDs can be synthesized using various top‐down and bottom‐up approaches, distinguishing them from other carbon nanomaterials. This review discusses recent advancements in GQD research, focusing on their synthesis and functionalization for potential applications. Particularly, various methods for synthesizing functionalized GQDs using different doping routes are comprehensively reviewed. Based on previous reports, current challenges and future directions for GQDs research are discussed in detail herein.
Cancer risk and mortality in patients with solitary juvenile polyps—A nationwide cohort study with matched controls
Authors: Jelsig Anne Marie , Wullum Laus , Kuhlmann Tine Plato , Ousager Lilian Bomme , Burisch Johan , Karstensen John Gásdal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe risk of cancer in patients with solitary colorectal juvenile polyps (JPs) is poorly investigated and several studies have reported polyps with dysplastic and adenomatous alterations. We aimed to investigate the long‐term risk of cancer and mortality in these patients by merging data from national registers and comparing them to a matched control cohort.Materials and MethodsPatients with a solitary JP were identified in The Danish National Pathology Register and Data Bank (DNPR). The included patients were matched on sex, age, and place of birth with 50 controls. The groups were then analyzed for risk of cancer using the Danish Cancer Registry and mortality using the Danish Cause of Death Registry.ResultsWe identified 1781 patients with solitary JPs and matched them with 83,713 controls. The mean follow‐up time was 7.65 years for cases and 7.36 years for controls. The risk of cancer, including colorectal cancer, did not differ for the two groups and when adjusting for sex and year of birth, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.15 (confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.94–1.41, p = 0.162). There was no increased risk of death (HR: 1.07, CI 95% 0.88–1.30, p = 0.486). The risk did not differ for different age groups or sex.ConclusionThere is no increased risk of cancer or mortality for patients with solitary colorectal JPs. Thus, endoscopic follow‐up may be safely omitted in these patients.
CT anatomy and normal radiography of the skull of the Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Vajhi Ali Reza , Soroori Sarang , Soflaei Reihaneh , Zehtabvar Omid , Tonekabony Seyyed Hossein Modarres , Memarian Iman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundConsidering the relationship between human morphology and physiology with the Rhesus monkey, this animal is the most prominent species of laboratory primate for human and animal health research. Moreover, sending Macaca mulatta monkey into space and simulating a living environment for humans shows the similarity of this animal's physiology with humans.ObjectiveSo far, no comprehensive study has been done on computed tomography (CT) scan and radiography of skulls in Rhesus monkeys. Therefore, providing accurate documents from the CT anatomy of the skull in these animals can help us to better understand normal conditions and diseases, and we can use a functional atlas of diagnostic imaging from the skull of this animal.MethodsTen mature monkeys weighing 6.5 kg were used for this project (five males and five females). A radiographic examination with standard views was performed during general anaesthesia. Then the monkeys were placed in a spherical CT scan during general anaesthesia with standard sternal recumbency.ResultsThe frontal bone was seen as two parallel radiopaque lines coming forward and downward. The frontal sinus in the Rhesus monkey was not visible in both lateral and dorsoventral radiographs, which could indicate the degeneration of this sinus in this species. The number of teeth in an adult monkey was 32. Molar teeth had a bilophodont arrangement.ConclusionsThe comparison between the size of the eye ball in human and Rhesus monkey, unlike other measured parameters, did not differ much, and this indicates that the volume ratio of the eye ball to the whole skull in Rhesus monkey is higher than that of humans.
Revisiting the frontier of the Zintl–Klemm approach for the examples of three Mo2FeB2‐type intermetallics by means of quantumchemical techniques
Authors: Steinberg Simon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Zintl–Klemm idea is a remarkable formalism that can guide us through the crystal structure–electronic structure relationships of solids showing a particular correlation between charge transfers, (8–N) rule and the corresponding structural fragments. Accordingly, this approach has been applied to interpret the relationships between the crystal and electronic structures for numerous intermetallics; yet, are all of these applications of the Zintl–Klemm idea indeed helpful? To answer this question, quantumchemical means were used to explore the electronic structures of three prototypical intermetallics, i.e. LiY2Si2, Sc2Si2Al, and Y2Pd2In. These compounds crystallize with the Mo2FeB2 type of structure whose structure model may be derived from that of the widely encountered U3Si2‐type. The explorations of the electronic structures included examinations of the Mulliken charges, the projected crystal orbital Hamilton populations (pCOHP), the recently introduced crystal orbital bond indices (COBI) and the respective integrated pCOHP as well as COBI values (IpCOHP and ICOBI). The outcome of these investigations indicates that widely diverse types of bonding are evident for the inspected intermetallics so that the predictive power of the Zintl–Klemm idea is limited.