bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline Susceptibility and Resistance Monitoring for Novaluran 10% EC against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)
Authors: Banu S. N. Salma , Edward Y. S. Johnson Thangaraj , Kannan M. , Srinivasan T. , Kannan R. 
Published: August 2023

A Study was undertaken to assess the susceptibility of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) to Novaluran (10% EC) by diet overlay bioassay method. Novaluran 10% EC was tested in vitro against S. frugiperda, obtained from four important Maize-producing tracts in Tamil Nadu. The susceptible population was obtained from FAW laboratory at TNAU which was in the 150th generation and further, reared up to 157th generation. The LC50 and LC95 values of Novaluran 10% EC to the susceptible population decreased from 0.865 to 0.746 ppm and 2.125 to 1.451 ppm, respectively. The susceptibility index of Novaluran was 1.159 and 1.464. The F157 population of S. frugiperda was used to conduct the preliminary discriminating dosage in Novaluran 10% EC and was 0.746 ppm. Resistance monitoring studies of S. frugiperda from Coimbatore, Perambalur, Salem, and Theni districts revealed that the LC50 values of Novaluran 10% EC ranged from 0.792 and 0.930 ppm for Theni and Coimbatore, respectively. Novaluran 10% EC had the highest resistance ratio of 1.246 fold in the Coimbatore field population and the lowest resistance ratio of 1.061 fold in the Theni field population when compared with the TNAU FAW laboratory susceptible population of S. frugiperda.
Optimizing Longitudinal Tobacco Cessation Treatment in Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Fu Steven S. , Rothman Alexander J. , Vock David M. , Lindgren Bruce R. , Almirall Daniel , Begnaud Abbie , Melzer Anne C. , Schertz Kelsey L. , Branson Mariah , Haynes David , Hammett Patrick , Joseph Anne M. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceNearly half of the 14.8 million US adults eligible for lung cancer screening (LCS) smoke cigarettes. The optimal smoking cessation program components for the LCS setting are unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of adding a referral to prescription medication therapy management (MTM) to the tobacco longitudinal care (TLC) program among patients eligible for LCS who smoke and do not respond to early tobacco treatment and to assess the effect of decreasing the intensity of TLC among participants who do respond to early treatment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial included patients who currently smoked cigarettes daily and were eligible for LCS. Recruitment took place at primary care centers and LCS programs at 3 large health systems in the US and began in October 2016, and 18-month follow-up was completed April 2021.Interventions(1) TLC comprising intensive telephone coaching and combination nicotine replacement therapy for 1 year with at least monthly contact; (2) TLC with MTM, MTM offered pharmacist-referral for prescription medications; and (3) Quarterly TLC, intensity of TLC was decreased to quarterly contact. Intervention assignments were based on early response to tobacco treatment (abstinence) that was assessed either 4 weeks or 8 weeks after treatment initiation.Main outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported, 6-month prolonged abstinence at 18-month.ResultsOf 636 participants, 228 (35.9%) were female, 564 (89.4%) were White individuals, and the median (IQR) age was 64.3 (59.6-68.8) years. Four weeks or 8 weeks after treatment initiation, 510 participants (80.2%) continued to smoke (ie, early treatment nonresponders) and 126 participants (19.8%) had quit (ie, early treatment responders). The 18 month follow-up survey response rate was 83.2% (529 of 636). Across TLC groups at 18 months follow-up, the overall 6-month prolonged abstinence rate was 24.4% (129 of 529). Among the 416 early treatment nonresponders, 6-month prolonged abstinence for TLC with MTM vs TLC was 17.8% vs 16.4% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.13; 95% CI, 0.67-1.89). In TLC with MTM, 98 of 254 participants (39%) completed at least 1 MTM visit. Among 113 early treatment responders, 6-month prolonged abstinence for Quarterly TLC vs TLC was 24 of 55 (43.6%) vs 34 of 58 (58.6%) (aOR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.25-1.17).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, adding referral to MTM with TLC for participants who did not respond to early treatment did not improve smoking abstinence. Stepping down to Quarterly TLC among early treatment responders is not recommended. Integrating longitudinal tobacco cessation care with LCS is feasible and associated with clinically meaningful quit rates.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02597491
Time to Benefit of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Among Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Chen KangYu , Nie Zhiqiang , Shi Rui , Yu Dahai , Wang Qi , Shao Fang , Wu Guohong , Wu Zhenqiang , Chen Tao , Li Chao 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceEmerging evidence has consistently demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalization and cardiovascular (CV) death among patients with HF. However, it remains unclear how long a patient needs to live to potentially benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors in this population.ObjectivesTo estimate the time to benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors among patients with HF.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis comparative effectiveness study systematically searched PubMed for completed randomized clinical trials about SGLT2 inhibitors and patients with HF published until September 5, 2022; 5 trials with the year of publication ranging from 2019 to 2022 were eventually included. Statistical analysis was performed from April to October 2022.InterventionAddition of SGLT2 inhibitors or placebo to guideline-recommended therapy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the time to first event of CV death or worsening HF, which was broadly comparable across the included trials.ResultsFive trials consisting of 21 947 patients with HF (7837 [35.7%] were female; mean or median age older than 65 years within each trial) were included. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of worsening HF or CV death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73-0.82]). Time to first nominal statistical significance (P &amp;lt; .05) was 26 days (0.86 months), and statistical significance was sustained from day 118 (3.93 months) onwards. A mean of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.12-0.35) months were needed to prevent 1 worsening HF or CV death per 500 patients with SGLT2 inhibitors (absolute risk reduction [ARR], 0.002). Likewise, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.43-1.13) months was estimated to avoid 1 event per 200 patients with SGLT2 inhibitors (ARR, 0.005), 1.74 (95% CI, 1.07-2.61) months to avoid 1 event per 100 patients (ARR, 0.010), and 4.96 (95% CI, 3.18-7.26) months to avoid 1 event per 50 patients (ARR, 0.020). Further analyses indicated a shorter time to benefit for HF hospitalization and among patients with diabetes or HF with reduced ejection fraction.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this comparative effectiveness research study of estimating the time to benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors among patients with HF, a rapid clinical benefit in reducing CV death or worsening HF was found, suggesting that their use may be beneficial for most individuals with HF.
Measures of Neighborhood Opportunity and Adherence to Recommended Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Ramachandran Janani , Mayne Stephanie L. , Kelly Mary Kate , Powell Maura , McPeak Katie E. , Dalembert George , Jenssen Brian P. , Fiks Alexander G. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceNeighborhood conditions are known to broadly impact child health. Research to date has not examined the association of the Childhood Opportunity Index (COI), a multidimensional indicator of neighborhood environment conditions, specifically with pediatric primary care outcomes.ObjectiveTo determine the association of neighborhood opportunity measured by the COI with health metrics commonly captured clinically in pediatric primary care, reflecting both access to preventive care and child well-being.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional observational study used electronic health record data from a large pediatric primary care network in the northeastern US. Participants included patients aged 0 to 19 years who were active in the primary care network between November 2020 and November 2022. Data were analyzed in December 2022.ExposureCensus tract–level COI overall score (in quintiles).Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included up-to-date preventive care and immunization status and presence of obesity, adolescent depression and suicidality, and maternal depression and suicidality. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regressions estimated associations of these outcomes with COI quintiles, adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, and insurance type.ResultsAmong 338 277 patients (mean [SD] age, 9.8 [5.9] years; 165 223 female [48.8%]; 158 054 [46.7%] non-Hispanic White, 209 482 [61.9%] commercially insured), 81 739 (24.2%) and 130 361 (38.5%) lived in neighborhoods of very low and very high COI, respectively. Living in very high COI neighborhoods (vs very low COI) was associated with higher odds of being up-to-date on preventive visits (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.32-1.48) and immunizations (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.58-2.00), and with lower odds of obesity (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.52-0.58), adolescent depression (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72-0.84) and suicidality (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.85), and maternal depression (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72-0.86) and suicidality (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61-0.83).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study of electronic health record data found that neighborhood opportunity was associated with multiple pediatric primary care outcomes. Understanding these associations can help health systems identify neighborhoods that need additional support and advocate for and develop partnerships with community groups to promote child well-being. The findings underscore the importance of improving access to preventive care in low COI communities.
Cyclical underreporting of seizures in patient‐based seizure documentation
Authors: Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Richardson Mark P. , Brandt Armin , Zabler Nicolas , Dümpelmann Matthias , San Antonio‐Arce Victoria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveCircadian and multidien cycles of seizure occurrence are increasingly discussed as to their biological underpinnings and in the context of seizure forecasting. This study analyzes if patient reported seizures provide valid data on such cyclical occurrence.MethodsWe retrospectively studied if circadian cycles derived from patient‐based reporting reflect the objective seizure documentation in 2003 patients undergoing in‐patient video‐EEG monitoring.ResultsOnly 24.1% of more than 29000 seizures documented were accompanied by patient notifications. There was cyclical underreporting of seizures with a maximum during nighttime, leading to significant deviations in the circadian distribution of seizures. Significant cyclical deviations were found for focal epilepsies originating from both, frontal and temporal lobes, and for different seizure types (in particular, focal unaware and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures).InterpretationPatient seizure diaries may reflect a cyclical reporting bias rather than the true circadian seizure distributions. Cyclical underreporting of seizures derived from patient‐based reports alone may lead to suboptimal treatment schemes, to an underestimation of seizure‐associated risks, and may pose problems for valid seizure forecasting. This finding strongly supports the use of objective measures to monitor cyclical distributions of seizures and for studies and treatment decisions based thereon.
Biofilm Inhibition of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum L. Extracts Against Candida Infectious Pathogens and In Vivo Action on Galleria mellonella Model
Authors: Asraoui Fadoua , El Mansouri Fouad , Cacciola Francesco , Brigui Jamal , Louajri Adnane , Simonetti Giovanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe increasing importance of fungal infections has fueled the search for new beneficial alternatives substance from plant extracts. The current study investigates the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton and Globularia alypum (L.) leaves extracts against Candida both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition of planktonic and sessile Candida albicans and Candida glabrata growth using both leaf extracts are evaluated. Moreover; an in vivo infection model using Galleria mellonella larvae; infected and treated with the extracts are performed. All extracts show fungicidal activity; with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranging from 128 to 512 µg mL−1 against the two selected strains of Candida. In particular, the best results are obtained with methanolic extract of I. viscosa and G. alypum with an MFC value of 128 µg mL−1. The extracts are capable to prevent 90% of biofilm development at minor concentrations ranging from 100.71 ± 2.49 µg mL−1 to 380.4 ± 0.92 µg mL−1. In vivo, tests on Galleria mellonella larvae show that the extracts increase the survival of the larvae infected with Candida. The attained results reveal that I. viscosa and G. alypum extracts may be considered as new antifungal agents and biofilm inhibiting agents for the pharmaceutical and agro‐food field.
Integration of Multifunctional Epitaxial (Magnetic) Shape Memory Films in Silicon Microtechnology
Authors: Fink Lukas , Kar Satyakam , Lünser Klara , Nielsch Kornelius , Reith Heiko , Fähler Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMagnetic shape memory alloys exhibit various multifunctional properties, which range from high stroke actuation and magnetocaloric refrigeration to thermomagnetic energy harvesting. Most of these applications benefit from miniaturization and a single crystalline state. Epitaxial film growth is so far only possible on some oxidic substrates, but they are expensive and incompatible with standard microsystem technologies. Here, epitaxial growth of Ni–Mn–based Heusler alloys with single crystal‐like properties on silicon substrates is demonstrated by using a SrTiO3 buffer. It is shown that this allows using standard microfabrication technologies to prepare partly freestanding patterns. This approach is versatile, as its applicability for the NiTi shape memory alloy is demonstrated and spintronic and thermoelectric Heusler alloys are discussed. This paves the way for integrating additional multifunctional effects into state‐of‐the‐art microelectronic and micromechanical technology, which is based on silicon.
Contrasting Charge‐Carrier Dynamics across Key Metal‐Halide Perovskite Compositions through In Situ Simultaneous Probes
Authors: Ulatowski Aleksander M. , Elmestekawy Karim A. , Patel Jay B. , Noel Nakita K. , Yan Siyu , Kraus Hans , Huggard Peter G. , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal‐halide perovskites have proven to be a versatile group of semiconductors for optoelectronic applications, with ease of bandgap tuning and stability improvements enabled by halide and cation mixing. However, such compositional variations can be accompanied by significant changes in their charge‐carrier transport and recombination regimes that are still not fully understood. Here, a novel combinatorial technique is presented to disentangle such dynamic processes over a wide range of temperatures, based on transient free‐space, high‐frequency microwave conductivity and photoluminescence measurements conducted simultaneously in situ. Such measurements are used to reveal and contrast the dominant charge‐carrier recombination pathways for a range of key compositions: prototypical methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3), the stable mixed formamidinium‐caesium lead‐halide perovskite FA0.83Cs0.17PbBr0.6I2.4 targeted for photovoltaic tandems with silicon, and fully inorganic wide‐bandgap CsPbBr3 aimed toward light sources and X‐ray detector applications. The changes in charge‐carrier dynamics in FA0.83Cs0.17PbBr0.6I2.4 across temperatures are shown to be dominated by radiative processes, while those in MAPbI3 are governed by energetic disorder at low temperatures, low‐bandgap minority‐phase inclusions around the phase transition, and non‐radiative processes at room temperature. In contrast, CsPbBr3 exhibits significant charge‐carrier trapping at low and high temperatures, highlighting the need for improvement of material processing techniques for wide‐bandgap perovskites.
Three‐Dimensional Touch Device with Two Terminals
Authors: Cho Youngjun , Kim Taehoon , Kim Gwangmook , Do Hyung Wan , Kim Seung‐Rok , Park Jin‐Woo , Myoung Jae‐Min , Shim Wooyoung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA crossbar array is an essential element that determines the operating position and simplifies the structure of devices. However, in the crossbar array, wiring numerous electrodes to address many positions poses significant challenges. In this study, a method is proposed that utilizes only two electrodes to determine multiple positions. The method significantly simplifies the wiring and device fabrication process. Instead of defining the node location of the crossbar, it is experimentally demonstrated that the x–y–z coordinates can be determined from i) the resistance change as a function of distance, ii) the resistance variation influenced by the electrode composition, and iii) capacitance fluctuation resulting from changes in the dielectric thickness. By employing two‐terminal transparent electrodes, a fully functional 3D touch device is successfully fabricated, introducing a groundbreaking approach to simplify input device architectures.
MXene‐Based Current Collectors for Advanced Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhengran , Wei Chuanliang , Jiang Huiyu , Zhang Yuchan , Tian Kangdong , Li Yuan , Zhang Xinlu , Xiong Shenglin , Zhang Chenghui , Feng Jinkui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs an indispensable component of rechargeable batteries, the current collector plays a crucial role in supporting the electrode materials and collecting the accumulated electrical energy. However, some key issues, like uneven resources, high weight percentage, electrolytic corrosion, and high‐voltage instability, cannot meet the growing need for rechargeable batteries. In recent years, MXene‐based current collectors have achieved considerable achievements due to its unique structure, large surface area, and high conductivity. The related research has increased significantly. Nonetheless, a comprehensive review of this area is seldom. Herein the applications and progress of MXene in current collector are systematically summarized and discussed. Meanwhile, some challenges and future directions are presented.
Interfacial Regulation via Anionic Surfactant Electrolyte Additive Promotes Stable (002)‐Textured Zinc Anodes at High Depth of Discharge
Authors: Lin Yuexing , Li Yan , Mai Zhaoxu , Yang Gongzheng , Wang Chengxin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries have been identified as a viable option for grid energy storage. However, their practical application is limited by the poor performances at a high use rate of zinc. A suitable strategy to improve the cycling stability at a high depth of discharge (DOD) is by realizing the (002)‐textured Zn plating to suppress dendrite growth and side reactions. Herein, a novel electrolyte additive sodium 3‐mercapto‐1‐propanesulfonate (MPS) is introduced to regulate the zinc/electrolyte interfacial structure. The MPS anions can form an adsorption layer on the anode surface, which induces Zn deposition in the (002) direction as indicated by first‐principles calculations. Additionally, the adsorption layer can facilitate the reduction of the energy barrier associated with zinc deposition. This modified interface effectively inhibits dendrite and side reactions, resulting in a remarkable cycling lifespan for Zn||Zn symmetric cells, exceeding 800 h at a high DOD of 50%, and over 4500 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the capacity stability of the full cells with V2O5·H2O or polyaniline cathodes is substantially improved. A pouch‐type Zn||V2O5·H2O full cell reveals a high capacity of 42 mAh and good capacity retention of 86.6% after 250 cycles, highlighting significant potential for practical applications.
Impact of public research investments on agricultural productivity in Chile
Authors: Guesmi Bouali , Monje Juan Hernán Cabas , Alfaro Valenzuela Marta , Gil José M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between public research and development (R&D) investment and agricultural productivity growth in Chile during the 1964–2017 period. To achieve this objective, we used a combined approach based on accounting and econometric measures. The results indicated that agricultural productivity grew at an annual average rate of 2.11%. Additionally, the empirical findings show a positive and significant relationship between public R&D investment and agricultural productivity. Furthermore, the cost–benefit analysis reveals a high return (15%–21%) to public R&D resources, which may have contributed to enhancing the productivity performance of Chile's agricultural sector. In this regard, our findings suggest that agricultural R&D spending has been profitable in recent decades and that a higher allocation of R&D resources is justifiable. [EconLit Citations: C22, Q14, Q16].
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Pyridyl‐Directed C−H Allylation of Arenes with 1‐Aryl‐2‐vinylpyrrolidines
Authors: Yu Hang , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐arylpyridines with 1‐aryl‐2‐vinylpyrrolidines is carried out in CF3CH2OH at 40 °C in the presence of KOAc, affording ortho‐C−H allylation products of arenes in 29 % to 99 % yields and 1:0.7 to 1 : 5.4 Z/E ratio. The amino groups remain in the product molecules. The protocol suits for a wide scope of substrates and tolerates functional groups including alkyl, aryl, MeO, F, Cl, Br, OCF3, and CF3 groups.
Visible Light Photoredox Aziridination of Chalcones
Authors: Shikhar Srivastava Oj , Anand Varun , Rastogi Namrata 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aziridination of chalcones with iminoiodinanes under photoredox conditions has been reported. The reaction proceeds through nitrene radical anion intermediate generated from iminoiodinanes. The trapping of nitrene radical anions by chalcones afforded trans‐aziridine products exclusively. The scope of the reaction in terms of both the substrates is considerably wide and in most of the cases trans‐3‐aryl‐aziridine‐2‐ketones were isolated in good yields. The reaction is challenging due to the electron‐deficient nature of the substrate, making this only the second example (after trifluoromethyl alkenes) of photocatalytic aziridination of electron‐deficient double bonds.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Remote Site‐Switchable Hydroarylation of Alkenes Controlled by Ligands
Authors: Li Fei , Luo Yicong , Ren Jinbao , Yuan Qianjia , Yan Deyue , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn iridium‐catalyzed remote site‐switchable hydroarylation of alkenes was reported, delivering the products functionalized at the subterminal methylene and terminal methyl positions on an alkyl chain controlled by two different ligands, respectively, in good yields and with good to excellent site‐selectivities. The catalytic system showed good functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope, including unactivated and activated alkenes. More importantly, the regioconvergent transformations of mixtures of isomeric alkenes were also successfully realized. The results of the mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction undergoes a chain‐walking process to give an [Ar−Ir−H] complex of terminal alkene. The subsequent processes proceed through the modified Chalk–Harrod‐type mechanism via the migratory insertion of terminal alkene into the Ir−C bond followed by C−H reductive elimination to afford the hydrofunctionalization products site‐selectively.