bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal rheumatoid arthritis and risk of autism in the offspring
Authors: Yin Weiyao , Norrbäck Mattias , Levine Stephen Z. , Rivera Natalia , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Zhu Hailin , Yip Benjamin , Reichenberg Abraham , Askling Johan , Sandin Sven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaternal Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is suggested to increase the risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the offspring, mainly through inflammation/autoimmunity, but the association is unclear. A prospective population-based cohort study was implemented to examine the association between maternal RA and offspring ASD.MethodsWe included all children born alive in Sweden from 1995 to 2015, followed up through 2017. Diagnoses of ASD and RA were clinically ascertained from National Patient Register. We quantified the association by hazard ratios (HR) and two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CI), from Cox regression after detailed adjustment for potential confounders. We examined RA serostatus, etiological subgroups and the timing of exposure. To closer examine the underlying mechanism for the association, we included a negative control group for RA, arthralgia, with similar symptomology as RA but free from inflammation/autoimmunity.ResultsOf 3629 children born to mothers with RA, 70 (1.94%) were diagnosed with ASD, compared to 28 892 (1.92%) of 1 503 908 children born to mothers without RA. Maternal RA before delivery was associated with an increased risk of offspring ASD (HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.11–1.84), especially for seronegative RA (HR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.12–2.30). No similar association was observed for paternal RA, maternal sisters with RA, or RA diagnosed after delivery. Maternal arthralgia displayed as high risks for offspring ASD as did maternal RA (HR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.24–1.60).ConclusionsIn Sweden, maternal RA before delivery was associated with an increased risk of offspring ASD. The comparable association between maternal arthralgia and ASD risk suggests other pathways of risk than autoimmunity/inflammation, acting jointly or independently of RA.
Public policy and elections in authoritarian regimes: evidence from the policy on native languages in Russia
Authors: White Allison C. , Saikkonen Inga A.-L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow might public policy changes affect electoral support for authoritarian regimes? Missing from the existing scholarship, which focuses mostly on regimes generating political budget cycles and manipulating electoral rules, is an exploration of how non-fiscal and non-electoral policies may impact incumbent support. We examine this issue with electoral and census data from one of the world’s most prominent authoritarian regimes – Russia – to evaluate the regime’s 2017 change to the policy governing native language instruction, which curtailed minority students’ ability to learn their native languages and faced opposition in some ethnic regions. Examining panel data on presidential elections using fixed effects models, our results reveal that the regime’s support decreased in titular minority areas in 2018. The results also indicate that some of these patterns emerged in previous national legislative elections and thus cannot be solely attributed to the policy change.
Design and optimization of a decoupled serial constant force microgripper for force sensitive objects manipulation
Authors: Shan Ye , Ding Bingxiao , Zhong Jianhua , Li Yangmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo address coupling motion issues and realize large constant force range of microgrippers, we present a serial two-degree-of-freedom compliant constant force microgripper (CCFMG) in this paper. To realize a large output displacement in a compact structure, Scott–Russell displacement amplification mechanisms, bridge-type displacement amplification mechanisms, and lever amplification mechanisms are combined to compensate stroke of piezoelectric actuators. In addition, constant force modules are utilized to achieve a constant force output. We investigated CCFMG’s performances by means of pseudo-rigid body models and finite element analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed CCFMG has a stroke of 781.34
${\unicode[Times]{x03BC}}\mathrm{m}$
in the X-direction and a stroke of 258.05
${\unicode[Times]{x03BC}}\mathrm{m}$
in the Y-direction, and the decoupling rates in two directions are 1.1% and 0.9%, respectively. The average output constant force of the clamp is 37.49 N. The amplification ratios of the bridge-type amplifier and the Scott–Russell amplifier are 7.02 and 3, respectively. Through finite element analysis-based optimization, the constant force stroke of CCFMG is increased from the initial 1.6 to 3 mm.
Positive solutions to the prey–predator equations with dormancy of predators
Authors: Novrianti  , Sawada Okihiro , Tsuge Naoki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe time-global unique classical positive solutions to the reaction–diffusion equations for prey–predator models with dormancy of predators are constructed. The feature appears on the nonlinear terms of Holling type
$\rm I\!I$
functional response. The crucial step is to establish time-local positive classical solutions by using a new approximation associated with time-evolution operators. Although the system does not equip usual comparison principle for solutions to partial differential equation, a priori bounds are derived by enclosing and renormalising arguments of solutions to the corresponding ordinary differential equations. Furthermore, time-global existence, invariant regions and asymptotic behaviours of solutions follow from such a priori bounds.
Problems and results on 1-cross-intersecting set pair systems
Authors: Füredi Zoltán , Gyárfás András , Király Zoltán 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The notion of cross-intersecting set pair system of size

$m$

,

$ (\{A_i\}_{i=1}^m, \{B_i\}_{i=1}^m )$

with

$A_i\cap B_i=\emptyset$

and

$A_i\cap B_j\ne \emptyset$

, was introduced by Bollobás and it became an important tool of extremal combinatorics. His classical result states that

$m\le\binom{a+b}{a}$

if

$|A_i|\le a$

and

$|B_i|\le b$

for each

$i$

. Our central problem is to see how this bound changes with the additional condition

$|A_i\cap B_j|=1$

for

$i\ne j$

. Such a system is called

$1$

-cross-intersecting. We show that these systems are related to perfect graphs, clique partitions of graphs, and finite geometries. We prove that their maximum size is

at least

$5^{n/2}$

for

$n$

even,

$a=b=n$

,

equal to

$\bigl (\lfloor \frac{n}{2}\rfloor +1\bigr )\bigl (\lceil \frac{n}{2}\rceil +1\bigr )$

if

$a=2$

and

$b=n\ge 4$

,

at most

$|\cup _{i=1}^m A_i|$

,

asymptotically

$n^2$

if

$\{A_i\}$

is a linear hypergraph (

$|A_i\cap A_j|\le 1$

for

$i\ne j$

),

asymptotically

${1\over 2}n^2$

if

$\{A_i\}$

and

$\{B_i\}$

are both linear hypergraphs.
Expected number of faces in a random embedding of any graph is at most linear
Authors: Campion Loth Jesse , Mohar Bojan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A random two-cell embedding of a given graph

$G$

is obtained by choosing a random local rotation around every vertex. We analyse the expected number of faces of such an embedding, which is equivalent to studying its average genus. In 1991, Stahl [5] proved that the expected number of faces in a random embedding of an arbitrary graph of order

$n$

is at most

$n\log (n)$

. While there are many families of graphs whose expected number of faces is

$\Theta (n)$

, none are known where the expected number would be super-linear. This led the authors of [1] to conjecture that there is a linear upper bound. In this note we confirm their conjecture by proving that for any

$n$

-vertex multigraph, the expected number of faces in a random two-cell embedding is at most

$2n\log (2\mu )$

, where

$\mu$

is the maximum edge-multiplicity. This bound is best possible up to a constant factor.
Transient block during radiofrequency ablation well away from the His–Purkinje system: atrioventricular nodal artery trauma?
Authors: Grech Victor , Grech Elizabeth , DeGiovanni Joseph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCardiac arrhythmias occur at all ages. Cardiac mapping and ablation are established methods for curing arrhythmia substrates; however, complications may occur. We report a patient with transient Wenckebach heart block during radiofrequency ablation in the setting of Wolff Parkinson White syndrome despite the ablation catheter being well away from the atrioventricular node, and we speculate on the potential mechanism.
Impact of combination methods on extreme precipitation projections
Authors: Jessup Sébastien , Mailhot Mélina , Pigeon Mathieu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. To properly assess the increased economical risk of these events, actuaries can gain in relying on expert models/opinions from multiple different sources, which requires the use of model combination techniques. From non-parametric to Bayesian approaches, different methods rely on varying assumptions potentially leading to very different results. In this paper, we apply multiple model combination methods to an ensemble of 24 experts in a pooling approach and use the differences in outputs from the different combinations to illustrate how one can gain additional insight from using multiple methods. The densities obtained from pooling in Montreal and Quebec City highlight the significant changes in higher quantiles obtained through different combination approaches. Areal reduction factor and quantile projected changes are used to show that consistency, or lack thereof, across approaches reflects the uncertainty of combination methods. This shows how an actuary using multiple expert models should consider more than one combination method to properly assess the impact of climate change on loss distributions, seeing as a single method can lead to overconfidence in projections.
Arctic Seasonal Variability and Extremes, and the Role of Weather Systems in a Changing Climate
Authors: Hartmuth Katharina , Papritz Lukas , Boettcher Maxi , Wernli Heini 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe effects of global warming are strongly amplified in the Arctic, causing rapidly rising temperatures and ongoing dramatic loss of sea ice, which itself is subject to large interannual variability. We investigate changes in seasonal‐mean temperature and precipitation, its variability and extremes, using large‐ensemble climate model data with a representative concentration pathway 8.5 forcing scenario for historical (S2000) and end‐of‐century projections (S2100). Our results reveal regionally and seasonally dependent changes in Arctic interannual temperature and precipitation variability that are strongly linked to sea‐ice loss. We show a doubling in precipitation variability over the Arctic Ocean and a significant reduction in temperature variability in the Barents Sea. Extremely warm seasons in S2000 rank among the coldest seasons or become unrealistic in S2100. We further show the key role of large‐scale weather systems for shaping seasonal temperature and precipitation extremes in the Arctic which persists under climate warming.
Mixing and Overturning Across the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence
Authors: Orúe‐Echevarría Dorleta , Polzin Kurt L. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Forryan Alexander , Pelegrí Josep L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe rates of isopycnal stirring and water mass transport by mesoscale eddies, and of diapycnal mixing by small‐scale turbulence, across the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence (BMC) are assessed from a set of microstructure and hydrographic measurements in the Argentine Basin. This assessment is founded on a theoretical framework that applies a triple decomposition to the temperature variance equation and assumes eddies to transfer potential vorticity downgradient. The BMC is found to host widespread intense isopycnal stirring at rates of O(103–104 m2 s−1), and generally weak diapycnal mixing at rates of O(10−6–10−5 m2 s−1). Despite such disparity, both diapycnal mixing and isopycnal stirring play roles of comparable importance in determining regional water mass properties within surface and mode waters. In deeper layers, isopycnal stirring prevails. Eddies are further diagnosed to effect an important cross‐BMC transport, at rates of O(1 m2 s−1). When scaled by the along‐stream extent of the BMC, these rates integrate to volume transports that may be as large as O(10 Sverdrups). This suggests that cross‐BMC transfers of waters are substantially effected by eddy‐induced flows.
Real‐Time Monitoring and Postprocessing of Thermal Infrared Video Images for Sampling and Mapping Groundwater Discharge
Authors: Iwasaki Kenta , Fukushima Keitaro , Nagasaka Yu , Ishiyama Nobuo , Sakai Masaru , Nagasaka Akiko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGroundwater discharge along channels can affect stream discharge, chemistry, and ecological communities. Although the spatial distribution of groundwater springs along wide rivers can be investigated by areal thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing, this technique is difficult to apply to mapping at a high spatial resolution and under riparian tree canopies. We present a real‐time monitoring and postprocessing method of ground‐based TIR video for determining groundwater discharge sampling points and mapping the surface water temperature. We applied this method to mapping two headwater streams in Hokkaido, Japan, in the summer. The first site was a 1.3‐km‐long reach underlain by Pleistocene andesite lava. Almost all of the springs were colder and had a different chemistry compared to that of the stream water, which supports the usefulness of TIR monitoring for determining groundwater discharge zones. Video postprocessing showed that cold groundwater springs were spaced every ∼100 m, and their distribution did not follow the topography. At the second site, cold and warm springs were underlain by Holocene volcanic ash. The cold springs mainly seeped from hyporheic and riparian zones downstream, while warm springs were at the footslope. Some cold springs had much higher solute concentrations than the stream and warm springs, which suggests that the water temperature is useful for inferring sources of groundwater discharge. At this site, the video postprocessing could map not only the locations of the cold springs but also the spatial heterogeneity of the stream temperature associated with groundwater inputs.
Effect of Plasma Temperature on Major Element Prediction Accuracy From Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Lepore K. H. , Dyar M. D. , Ytsma C. R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLaser‐induced breakdown spectra (LIBS) were collected on a diverse suite of ∼2,600 geological standards using four laser energies (2.4–7.2 mJ) to assess how variations in irradiance from stand‐off distance affect prediction accuracy. Mismatches in laser energies and plasma temperatures between training and prediction datasets introduce substantial uncertainty in major element predictions. For example, using 2.4 mJ spectra to predict 7.2 mJ data results in errors of ±8.9, ±1.4, ±3.8, ±3.2, ±1.6, ±1.0, ±0.6, and ±1.0 wt% for SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, and K2O, respectively. When plasma temperatures of unknowns are represented in a multiple‐plasma‐temperature training set, prediction accuracies improve for the same oxides: ±3.0, ±0.3, ±1.3, ±1.4, ±1.0, ±0.7, ±0.5, and ±0.5 wt%. These results suggest that accuracies reported for Mars LIBS predictions based on single‐distance, single laser‐power calibration data may be overly optimistic except where Mars plasmas serendipitously match those acquired in the laboratory.
BCR-ABL triggers a glucose-dependent survival program during leukemogenesis through the suppression of TXNIP
Authors: Feng Lin , Ding Ruxin , Qu Xuan , Li Yuanchun , Shen Tong , Wang Lei , Li Ruikai , Zhang Juan , Ru Yi , Bu Xin , Wang Yang , Li Min , Song Wenqi , Shen Liangliang , Zhang Pengxia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractsImatinib is highly effective in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but the primary and acquired imatinib resistance remains the big hurdle. Molecular mechanisms for CML resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, beyond point mutations in BCR-ABL kinase domain, still need to be addressed. Here, we demonstrated that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a novel BCR-ABL target gene. Suppression of TXNIP was responsible for BCR-ABL triggered glucose metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, Miz-1/P300 complex transactivates TXNIP through the recognition of TXNIP core promoter region, responding to the c-Myc suppression by either imatinib or BCR-ABL knockdown. TXNIP restoration sensitizes CML cells to imatinib treatment and compromises imatinib resistant CML cell survival, predominantly through the blockage of both glycolysis and glucose oxidation which results in the mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP production. In particular, TXNIP suppresses expressions of the key glycolytic enzyme, hexokinase 2 (HK2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), potentially through Fbw7-dependent c-Myc degradation. In accordance, BCR-ABL suppression of TXNIP provided a novel survival pathway for the transformation of mouse bone marrow cells. Knockout of TXNIP accelerated BCR-ABL transformation, whereas TXNIP overexpression suppressed this transformation. Combination of drug inducing TXNIP expression with imatinib synergistically kills CML cells from patients and further extends the survival of CML mice. Thus, the activation of TXNIP represents an effective strategy for CML treatment to overcome resistance.
Longitudinal association of hypertension and dyslipidemia with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: the SONIC study
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Kabayama Mai , Godai Kayo , Tseng Winston , Akasaka Hiroshi , Yamamoto Koichi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Gondo Yasuyuki , Yasumoto Saori , Ogawa Madoka , Kasuga Ayaka , Masui Yukie , Ikebe Kazunori , Arai Yasumichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe associations among cognitive function, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in older adults are controversial. Therefore, we investigated the associations among cognitive decline, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and their combination in community-dwelling older people in their 70s, 80s, and 90s in the long-term observational Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians, Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. We administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Japanese version (MoCA-J) by trained geriatricians and psychologists, and conducted blood testing and blood pressure (BP) measuring by medical staff involving 1186 participants. We performed multiple regression analysis to assess the relationships among hypertension, dyslipidemia, their combination, and lipid and BP levels with cognitive function at the 3-year follow-up after adjusting for covariate factors. At the baseline, the percentage of the combination of hypertension and dyslipidemia was 46.6% (n = 553), hypertension was 25.6% (n = 304), dyslipidemia was 15.0% (n = 178), and that without hypertension or dyslipidemia was 12.7% (n = 151). Conducting multiple regression analysis, no significant correlation was found between the combination of hypertension and dyslipidemia and MoCA-J score. In the group with the combination, high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels resulted in higher MoCA-J scores at the follow-up (β = 0.06; P < 0.05) and high diastolic BP (DBP) also resulted in higher MoCA-J scores (β = 0.08; P < 0.05). The results suggest that high HDL and DBP levels of individuals with HT & DL and high SBP levels of individuals with HT were associated with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.
In silico cancer immunotherapy trials uncover the consequences of therapy-specific response patterns for clinical trial design and outcome
Authors: Creemers Jeroen H. A. , Ankan Ankur , Roes Kit C. B. , Schröder Gijs , Mehra Niven , Figdor Carl G. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Textor Johannes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLate-stage cancer immunotherapy trials often lead to unusual survival curve shapes, like delayed curve separation or a plateauing curve in the treatment arm. It is critical for trial success to anticipate such effects in advance and adjust the design accordingly. Here, we use in silico cancer immunotherapy trials – simulated trials based on three different mathematical models – to assemble virtual patient cohorts undergoing late-stage immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or combination therapies. We find that all three simulation models predict the distinctive survival curve shapes commonly associated with immunotherapies. Considering four aspects of clinical trial design – sample size, endpoint, randomization rate, and interim analyses – we demonstrate how, by simulating various possible scenarios, the robustness of trial design choices can be scrutinized, and possible pitfalls can be identified in advance. We provide readily usable, web-based implementations of our three trial simulation models to facilitate their use by biomedical researchers, doctors, and trialists.
A small secreted protein NICOL regulates lumicrine-mediated sperm maturation and male fertility
Authors: Kiyozumi Daiji , Shimada Kentaro , Chalick Michael , Emori Chihiro , Kodani Mayo , Oura Seiya , Noda Taichi , Endo Tsutomu , Matzuk Martin M. , Wreschner Daniel H. , Ikawa Masahito 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe mammalian spermatozoa produced in the testis require functional maturation in the epididymis for their full competence. Epididymal sperm maturation is regulated by lumicrine signalling pathways in which testis-derived secreted signals relocate to the epididymis lumen and promote functional differentiation. However, the detailed mechanisms of lumicrine regulation are unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that a small secreted protein, NELL2-interacting cofactor for lumicrine signalling (NICOL), plays a crucial role in lumicrine signalling in mice. NICOL is expressed in male reproductive organs, including the testis, and forms a complex with the testis-secreted protein NELL2, which is transported transluminally from the testis to the epididymis. Males lacking Nicol are sterile due to impaired NELL2-mediated lumicrine signalling, leading to defective epididymal differentiation and deficient sperm maturation but can be restored by NICOL expression in testicular germ cells. Our results demonstrate how lumicrine signalling regulates epididymal function for successful sperm maturation and male fertility.