bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle versus Fascia Free Tissue Transfer for Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis in the Comorbid Population
Authors: Huffman Samuel S. , Berger Lauren E. , Li Karen , Spoer Daisy L. , Gupta Nisha J. , Truong Brian N. , Akbari Cameron M. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background In patients with chronic lower extremity (LE) wounds, chronic osteomyelitis confers additional complexity to achieving adequate treatment. Previous reviews demonstrate increased rates of osteomyelitis recurrence in patients who receive muscle flaps compared with fasciocutaneous flaps for LE limb salvage; however, these studies were not limited to atraumatic populations who receive exclusively free flaps. Thus, this study compared rates of recurrence in chronic osteomyelitis patients undergoing LE reconstruction with fasciocutaneous versus muscle free flaps.
Methods Patients undergoing free tissue transfer (FTT) between July 2011 and July 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were stratified into fasciocutaneous and muscle free flap groups. Primary outcomes included osteomyelitis recurrence, flap complications, limb salvage, and ambulatory status.
Results Forty-eight patients with pathologic diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis of the wound bed were identified, of which 58.3% received fasciocutaneous (n = 28) and 41.7% received muscle flaps (n = 20). The most common comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (n = 29, 60.4%), peripheral neuropathy (n = 27, 56.3%) and peripheral vascular disease (n = 24, 50.0%). Methicillin-resistant or methicillin -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus were the most common pathogen in 18.7% (n = 9) of procedures. The majority of patients underwent a median of three debridements followed by negative pressure wound therapy prior to receiving FTT. At a median follow-up of 16.6 months, the limb salvage and ambulatory rates were 79.2 (n = 38) and 83.3% (n = 40), respectively. The overall rate of microsurgical flap success was 93.8% (n = 45). Osteomyelitis recurred in 25% of patients (n = 12) at a median duration of 4.0 months. There were no significant differences in rates of osteomyelitis recurrence, flap complications, limb salvage, ambulation, and mortality. On multivariate analysis, flap composition remained a nonsignificant predictor of osteomyelitis recurrence (odds ratio: 0.975, p = 0.973).
Conclusion This study demonstrates that flap composition may not influence recurrence of osteomyelitis following free flap reconstruction of chronic LE wounds, suggesting that optimal flap selection should be based on wound characteristics and patient goals.
Rat Microvascular Model is Tolerant to Technical Errors
Authors: Paladino Joseph R. , Zheng YuanDian , Gasteratos Konstantinos , Corvi John J. , Park Katherine H. , Akelina Yelena 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Extensive studies have been conducted using the rat model to understand the potential technical errors that lead to anastomotic failure. However, current literature indicates that the rat model has excellent tolerance to diverse errors committed by microsurgeons. The error-investigating rat model is often created by one or two experienced surgeons, and only one isolated technical error is examined. These biases may potentially cause limitations of the results from previous studies. Meanwhile, venous anastomoses have rarely been investigated in previous literature. Therefore, it is important to elucidate this topic with a more comprehensive study design.
Methods Ninety-four arterial and 94 venous anastomoses on Sprague–Dawley rat femoral vessels that were performed by 47 microsurgeons who participated in the microsurgery course at the Columbia University and the University of Thessaloniki were evaluated. In total, 10 technical errors were examined: (1) disruption of suture line, (2) back-wall stitch, (3) oblique stitch, (4) wide bite, (5) partial thickness bite, (6) unequal suture distance, (7) tear in vessel wall, (8) excessively tight suture, (9) suture threads in lumen, and (10) large edge overlap. The frequency of each error committed, and the 30-minute postoperative patency was also recorded. The underlying causal relationship between these errors, potential interaction, and the short-term anastomosis patency was analyzed statistically.
Results Only the back-wall stitch was found to have a significant causal effect on arterial anastomosis failure (p < 0.001). Back-wall stitch, wide bite, and partial thickness bite significantly impact venous anastomosis patency (p < 0.001). No other statistically significant result was found.
Conclusion Overall, the rat model is highly resilient to various technical errors despite these mistakes being often considered clinically unacceptable. Therefore, researchers need to consider the resilience of the rat model when designing and analyzing future studies. In addition, microsurgery instructors should focus on individual stitch quality rather than the final patency.
A Combination of Computational and Experimental Studies to Correlate Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Donor–Acceptor Singlet Carbenes
Authors: Sen Subhabrata , Maiti Debajit , Singh Shweta , Gremaud Ludovic 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMost of the reactivities of donor–acceptor (D–A) singlet carbenes are similar to metal carbenoids. However, the lone pair at the carbenoid carbon, coordinated with metal, is free in D–A carbene thereby making it nucleophilic as well. Herein, DFT-optimized structural features of D–A carbene has been investigated and is compared with rhodium carbenoid. It was observed that, when a D–A carbene reacts with cyclic-1,3-diones in different ethereal solvents, it is the lone pair at the sp2
orbital of the carbene that abstracts the proton from the enol form (of the cyclic-1,3-diones) to form a benzylic carbocation and an enolate. Subsequently, the carbocation undergoes nucleophilic attack by O of the ether solvents and then by the enolate to afford the desired ether-linked products. Accordingly, herein the reaction in THF, which otherwise had failed to work as a substrate in reported amino etherification reactions, worked well. DFT-calculated orbital energy levels and reaction profile support this reverse reactivity of singlet carbenes. Furthermore, HOMO–LUMO calculations indicated that electron-rich arenes in D–A carbene stabilizes the LUMO and destabilizes the HOMO which increases yield. Additionally, a library of 37 enol ether and 39 ether-linked compounds of potential medicinal relevance have been synthesized with good to excellent yields using numerous cyclic-1,3-diones.
Retrospective Use of Patients' Characteristics to Assess Variation in Prenatal Care Utilization
Authors: Peahl Alex F. , Pennathur Harini , Zacharek Nicholas , Naccarato Amanda , Heberle-Rose Hannah , Goodman Jordan , Smith Roger D. , Cohn Amy , Stout Molly J. , Fendrick A Mark , Moniz Michelle H. 
Published: August 2023

Objective We used patients' medical and psychosocial risk factors to explore prenatal care utilization and health outcomes to inform prenatal care tailoring.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study assessed patients who gave birth at an academic institution from January 1 to December 31, 2018, using electronic health record (EHR) data. Patients were categorized into four phenotypes based on medical/psychosocial risk factors available in the EHR: Completely low risk; High psychosocial risk only; High medical risk only; and Completely high risk. We examined patient characteristics, visit utilization, nonvisit utilization (e.g., phone calls), and outcomes (e.g., preterm birth, preeclampsia) across groups.
Results Of 4,681 patients, the majority were age 18 to 35 (3,697, 79.0%), White (3,326, 70.9%), multiparous (3,263, 69.7%), and Completely high risk (2,752, 58.8%). More Black and Hispanic patients had psychosocial risk factors than White patients. Patients with psychosocial risk factors had fewer prenatal visits (10, interquartile range [IQR]: 8–12) than those without (11, IQR: 9–12). Patients with psychosocial risk factors experienced less time in prenatal care, more phone calls, and fewer EHR messages across the same medical risk group. Rates of preterm birth and gestational hypertension were incrementally higher with additional medical/psychosocial risk factors.
Conclusion Data readily available in the EHR can assess the compounding influence of medical/psychosocial risk factor on patients' care utilization and outcomes.
Key Points
Maternal Well-Being in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Practices: Findings from the ROLO Study
Authors: Yelverton Cara A. , Geraghty Aisling A. , O'Brien Eileen C. , Killeen Sarah L. , Larkin Elizabeth , Mehegan John , Cronin Martina , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: August 2023

Objective Low mood is common during the perinatal period, which may negatively impact breastfeeding practices. Exploring predictors of successful breastfeeding is a health priority area. This study investigated if maternal well-being during pregnancy is associated with breastfeeding practices.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial of a low glycemic index diet in pregnancy. A total of 610 secundigravida women were recruited in the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Data on maternal education attainment, early pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and age were collected from hospital records. Well-being was self-reported by mothers between 10 and 28 weeks' gestation using the World Health Organization 5-Item well-being index. Scores were transformed to give percentage well-being. Mothers recorded breastfeeding practices at hospital discharge and at the study follow-up appointments. Chi-squares and independent t-tests determined initial differences in breastfeeding practices. Multiple and logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for confounders.
Results Average maternal age was 32.7 years; average BMI was 26.6 kg/m2, and 56% had achieved third-level education. The average well-being score was 58.2%. In unadjusted analysis, high well-being scores were associated with exclusive breastfeeding (56.2% breastfed vs. 46%, breastfed p < 0.03). After adjusted analysis, these associations were no longer significant (odds ratio: 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.01). No other associations were found.
Conclusion Our findings indicated 25% of pregnant women in the first trimester reported low well-being scores. Associations between maternal well-being and breastfeeding patterns were explained by maternal age and education level, suggesting low mood may not be a barrier to breastfeeding initiation or duration. This trial is registered at:
https://www.isrctn.com/

ISRCTN54392969.
Key Points
Heparin in the Management of Extensive Burns
Authors: Srivastava J. L. , Babu K. Ramesh , Tewari V. K. , Narayan R. P. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe severe burn injury patients (more than 40%) were studied in two randomized groups. Both groups were treated similarly except that one group received heparin both topically and systemically. Significant relief of pain, early healing in cases of superficial and deep dermal burns without hypertrophic scarring and contracture formation, early separation of eschar, excellent graft take in full thickness burns were few of the important advantages observed in heparin group patients. Significant decrease in the incidence of respiratory complications, septic shock and decreased mortality were also noticed in patients receiving heparin. The only disadvantage being that the doses required are quite heavy. No complication in the form of bleeding disorder, despite heavy dosages have been observed.
The Use of Lyofoam as a Dressing for Split Skin Graft Donor Sites
Authors: Bilwani P. K. , Sheth Hansraj 
Published: August 2023

SummaryExperiences with LYOFOAM ( Polyurethane Foam Sheets) as a dressing for split skin graft donor sites have been described. Complete absence of pain and discomfort post-operatively with LYOFOAM gives it a distinct edge over the conventional dressings.
Mapping the frontier orbital energies of imidazolium-based cations using machine learning
Authors: Dhakal Pratik , Gassaway Wyatt , Shah Jindal K. 
Published: August 2023

The knowledge of the frontier orbital, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), energies is vital for studying chemical and electrochemical stability of compounds, their corrosion inhibition potential, reactivity, etc. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide a direct route to estimate these energies either in the gas-phase or condensed phase. However, the application of DFT methods becomes computationally intensive when hundreds of thousands of compounds are to be screened. Such is the case when all the isomers for the 1-alkyl-3-alkylimidazolium cation [CnCmim]+ (n = 1–10, m = 1–10) are considered. Enumerating the isomer space of [CnCmim]+ yields close to 386 000 cation structures. Calculating frontier orbital energies for each would be computationally very expensive and time-consuming using DFT. In this article, we develop a machine learning model based on the extreme gradient boosting method using a small subset of the isomer space and predict the HOMO and LUMO energies. Using the model, the HOMO energies are predicted with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.4 eV and the LUMO energies are predicted with a MAE of 0.2 eV. Inferences are also drawn on the type of the descriptors deemed important for the HOMO and LUMO energy estimates. Application of the machine learning model results in a drastic reduction in computational time required for such calculations.
Variation in mitochondrial COII gene sequences among two species of Japanese knotweed-boring moths, Ostrinia latipennis and O. ovalipennis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Ohno S. , Ishikawa Y. , Tatsuki S. , Hoshizaki S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Ostrinia latipennis group contains two species, O. latipennis (Warren) and O. ovalipennis Ohno. These two species commonly utilize perennial knotweeds (Fallopia spp.) as their host plants, which are serious invasive weeds in Europe and North America. Ostrinia latipennis is widely distributed across north-east Asia including Japan whereas O. ovalipennis is restricted to north Japan (Hokkaido Is.) and highland areas of central Japan (Nagano Prefecture in Honshu Is.). To estimate the phylogenetic relatedness and geographical differentiation of the two species, mitochondrial COII gene sequences were determined for specimens covering their distribution ranges in Japan. The uncorrected sequence divergence between O. latipennis and O. ovalipennis was 0.6–0.7%, supporting a close relationship. According to the standard molecular clock proposed for arthropod mtDNA, the two species are speculated to have diverged about 0.3 Myr ago. A single COII gene haplotype was found in O. latipennis irrespective of collection locality. In contrast, two haplotypes were found in O. ovalipennis, and their frequencies were significantly different between the Hokkaido and Honshu populations. The patterns of geographical variation in the COII gene within the two species were in agreement with previously reported patterns of geographical differentiation in morphology of the two species in Japan. The present results support the hypothesis that gene flow among local populations of O. ovalipennis has been limited by geographical isolation.
Noise in the LIGO livingston gravitational wave observatory due to trains
Authors: Glanzer J , Soni S , Spoon J , Effler A , González G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Environmental seismic disturbances limit the sensitivity of LIGO gravitational wave detectors. Trains near the LIGO Livingston detector produce low frequency (0.5–

10

H
z

) ground noise that couples into the gravitational wave sensitive frequency band (10–

100

H
z

) through light reflected in mirrors and other surfaces. We investigate the effect of trains during the Advanced LIGO third observing run, and propose a method to search for narrow band seismic frequencies responsible for contributing to increases in scattered light. Through the use of the linear regression tool Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and glitch correlations, we identify the most common seismic frequencies that correlate with increases in detector noise as 0.6–

0.8

H
z

, 1.7–

1.9

H
z

, 1.8–

2.0

H
z

, and 2.3–

2.5

H
z

in the LIGO Livingston corner station.
Holographic aspects of non-minimal R μανβ
F (a)μα
F
(a)νβ
AdS black brane
Authors: Sadeghi Mehdi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the holographic dual to an asymptotically anti-de Sitter black brane in an Einstein–Yang–Mills model with a non-minimal coupling between the Riemann and Yang–Mills fields. First, we construct a planar black hole solution of this model up to the first order of the non-minimal coupling of the Yang–Mills field with the Riemann–Christoffel tensor, denoted as q
2. Then, we calculate the color non-abelian direct current conductivity and the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density for this solution. Our result for the shear viscosity η to entropy density s ratio saturates the Kovtun, Son, and Starinets bound, which is proportional to

1

4
π

. However, our result for the conductivity is new up to the first order of q
2.
Monitoring variations of refractive index via Hilbert–Schmidt speed and applying this phenomenon to improve quantum metrology
Authors: Hosseiny Seyed Mohammad , Rangani Jahromi Hossein , Amniat-Talab Mahdi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the role of the nonlinear response of a material to improve quantum metrology. We show that the collective optical behavior of an atomic ensemble can be applied to enhance frequency estimation through one of the atoms. In fact, the collective optical behavior of the atomic ensemble by analyzing the quantum information extracted from one of its elements. Moreover, we introduce Hilbert–Schmidt speed (HSS), an easily computable theoretical tool, to monitor the variations of linear as well as nonlinear refractive indices and evaluate the strength of the nonlinear response of optical materials. Furthermore, we illustrate that quantum Fisher information and HSS can efficiently detect negative permittivity and refractive index, which is of great importance from a practical point of view.
Designing optical hyperbolic metasurfaces based on gold nanodisks
Authors: Hrinchenko Artem , Yermakov Oleh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hyperbolic metasurfaces (HMSs) have demonstrated great value for planar and near-field applications. Nevertheless, the ability to engineer a specific HMS design with predefined functionality is still a challenge. Here, we study dozens of HMSs based on gold nanodisks in the visible spectrum and analyze their properties. In particular, we connect the geometric configuration of a metasurface with its spectral hyperbolicity bandwidth and the efficiency of hyperbolic plasmon-polariton canalization. We also analyze the impact of the substrate on the hyperbolic regime of a metasurface. As a result, we derive a universal empirical formula allowing us to obtain the approximate design of a HMS immediately. We provide practical guidelines for designing HMSs that may be used for a plethora of photonic applications.
Vanishing RKKY interactions in Ce-based cage compounds
Authors: Konic A M , Zhu Y , Breindel A J , Deng Y , Moir C M , Maple M B , Almasan C C , Dzero M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We report the results of thermodynamic measurements in external magnetic field of the cubic Ce-based cage compounds CeT
2Cd20 (T = Ni,Pd). Our analysis of the heat-capacity data shows that the Γ7 doublet is the ground state multiplet of the Ce3+ ions. Consequently, for the Γ7 doublet it can be theoretically shown that the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction between the localized Ce moments mediated by the conduction electrons, must vanish at temperatures much lower than the energy separating the ground state doublet from the first excited Γ8 quartet. Our findings provide an insight as to why no long range order has been observed in these compounds down to temperatures in the milliKelvin range.
Investigation of magnetic properties and colossal magnetoresistance in nanocrystalline doped manganite
Authors: Bisht Priyanka , Mahato Rabindra Nath 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Here in, we report structural, magnetic, and magneto-transport properties of nanocrystalline La0.6Ag0.2Bi0.2MnO3 prepared using citrate sol–gel method. By using scanning and transmission electron microscopy measurements, the morphology and particle size of the sample have been confirmed. The Mn2p x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra revealed the nanoparticles contained the coexistence of Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions with Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio of 2:1. Field-cooled and zero field-cooled magnetization protocols with temperature span of 5 K–300 K, confirm the paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition at critical temperature,

T

C

∼ 146 K. The complete investigation of isothermal magnetization (

130
⩽
T

(
K
)

⩽
160
,
Δ
T
=
2
K

), Arrott plots, and magnetocaloric effect as well as quantitative analysis of second-order phase transition has been studied. The criticality at the PM-FM transition was examined for the sample, and the obtained critical exponents were verified for their reliability through the utilization of the scaling hypothesis and Kouvel-Fisher plot. We observed a large magnetic entropy change (∼7 J-Kg−1K−1) at

T

C

upon 5 T magnetic field strength. The renormalized magnetic entropy change plots are found to collapse onto a single curve, thus verifying the universality of the sample. Above the metal–insulator transitions the electrical resistivity shows a small polaron hopping conduction mechanism, however, at low temperatures scattering mechanism dominates and the whole range was explained by the universal percolation model. The colossal value of negative MR is found to be 88% at 168 K under an applied field strength of 2 T. As a result of our experimental data, we can grasp the intuitive understanding of magnetic as well as transport properties in Bi-doped manganite systems potential for magnetic sensors and spintronics applications.
Anomaly detection of industrial motors under few-shot feature conditions based on causality
Authors: Cen Yuefeng , Li Xucheng , Cen Gang , Cheng Zhigang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is observed that previous research studies focusing on few-shot feature data for fault diagnosis or anomaly detection have a limitation, that is, feature extraction methods to solve few-shot feature data problems will also have scenarios where they may not always be applicable. In this paper, a motor anomaly detection model with generalization performance is proposed to meet the anomaly detection needs in the above scenarios. The model consists of a reinforcement unit and a diagnosis unit. Firstly, the reinforcement unit extracts the adjacent features with different timestamps through ensemble learning. Secondly, the temporal convolutional network (TCN) model is nested to increase the receptive field of the reinforcement unit. Additionally, a residual network is introduced to improve the generalization performance. Finally, features obtained from the reinforcement unit are used for final anomaly detection through neural networks in the diagnosis unit. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model achieve an anomaly detection accuracy of 97.96% in factory motor dataset, while the model has the superior generalization ability.