bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income sources, cyclical behaviors of fiscal policy, and welfare conflict
Authors: Li Meng , Xiao Chengrui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the effect of fiscal policy on the welfare of heterogeneous agents with different income sources over the business cycle. Policy experiments allow the government to choose the cyclical properties of fiscal policy instruments conditional on long-run levels to separately maximize the welfare of entrepreneurs and workers. This policy choice creates welfare conflicts between the two groups, which is confirmed by empirical evidence. The government maximizes workers’ welfare by choosing procyclical capital income tax rates and countercyclical labor income tax rates while it optimizes entrepreneurs’ welfare with countercyclical capital income tax rates and strongly countercyclical labor income tax rates. The socially optimal policy is a tradeoff between the welfare of entrepreneurs and workers. The welfare conflict holds when the government modifies the cyclical behavior of policy in a crisis, or it adjusts the long-run level and cyclical behavior at the same time.
Aluminum Components in Bridgmanite Coexisting With Corundum and the CF‐Phase With Temperature
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Zhaodong , Koizumi Sanae , Ballaran Tiziana Boffa , Katsura Tomoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhase relations in the MgSiO3–MgAl2O4–Al2O3 system are investigated at 27 GPa and 2000–2600 K using a multi‐anvil apparatus. The AlAlO3 content in the bridgmanite increases from 8.6 to 20.0 mol% with increasing temperature from 2000 to 2600 K, while the MgAlO2.5 content remains nearly constant, that is, 3–4 mol% at these temperatures. Therefore, the presence of an additional Al‐bearing phase suppresses the oxygen vacancy substitution for Al3+ in bridgmanite. Conversely, significant amounts of the Al8/3O4 component can be dissolved into the calcium‐ferrite type MgAl2O4–Mg2SiO4–Al8/3O4 phase (CF‐phase), implying that the CF‐phase likely contains some amount of vacancies. Therefore, the CF‐phase could also be a candidate mineral for transporting volatiles into the lower mantle. Our results, combined with previous studies on Al‐bearing bridgmanite, indicate that, once the Al per formula unit exceeds 0.12 in bridgmanite, the MgAlO2.5 content remains nearly constant and the AlAlO3 component becomes dominant.
Quick balance skill improvement after short-term training with error amplification feedback for older adults
Authors: Chen Yi-Ching , Chang Gwo-Ching , Huang Wei-Min , Hwang Ing-Shiou 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigated behavioral and cortical mechanisms for short-term postural training with error amplification (EA) feedback in the elderly. Thirty-six elderly subjects (65.7 ± 2.2 years) were grouped (control and EA, n = 18) for training in stabilometer balance under visual guidance. During the training session (8 training rounds of 60 s in Day 2), the EA group received visual feedback that magnified errors to twice the real size, whereas the control group received visual feedback that displayed real errors. Scalp EEG and kinematic data of the stabilometer plate and ankle joint were recorded in the pre-test (Day 1) and post-test (Day 3). The EA group (−46.5 ± 4.7%) exhibited greater post-training error reduction than that of the control group (−27.1 ± 4.0%)(p = 0.020), together with a greater decline in kinematic coupling between the stabilometer plate and ankle joint (EA: −26.6 ± 4.8%, control: 2.3 ± 8.6%, p = 0.023). In contrast to the control group, the EA group manifested greater reductions in mean phase-lag index (PLI) connectivity in the theta (4–7 Hz)(p = 0.011) and alpha (8–12 Hz) (p = 0.027) bands. Only the EA group showed post-training declines in the mean PLI in the theta and alpha bands. Minimal spanning tree analysis revealed that EA-based training led to increases in the diameter (p = 0.002) and average eccentricity (p = 0.004) of the theta band for enhanced performance monitoring and reduction in the leaf fraction (p = 0.030) of the alpha band for postural response with enhanced automaticity. In conclusion, short-term EA training optimizes balance skill, favoring multi-segment coordination for the elderly, which is linked to more sophisticated error monitoring with less attentive control over the stabilometer stance.
Proof of concept and early development stage of market-oriented high iron and zinc rice expressing dicot ferritin and rice nicotianamine synthase genes
Authors: Tsakirpaloglou Nikolaos , Bueno-Mota Gela Myan , Soriano Jessica Candace , Arcillas Erwin , Arines Felichi Mae , Yu Su-May , Stangoulis James , Trijatmiko Kurniawan Rudi , Reinke Russell , Tohme Joseph , Bouis Howarth , Slamet-Loedin Inez H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicronutrient deficiencies such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and vitamin A, constitute a severe global public health phenomenon. Over half of preschool children and two-thirds of nonpregnant women of reproductive age worldwide have micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is a cost-effective strategy that comprises a meaningful and sustainable means of addressing this issue by delivering micronutrients through staple foods to populations with limited access to diverse diets and other nutritional interventions. Here, we report on the proof-of-concept and early development stage of a collection of biofortified rice events with a high density of Fe and Zn in polished grains that have been pursued further to advance development for product release. In total, eight constructs were developed specifically expressing dicot ferritins and the rice nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene under different combinations of promoters. A large-scale transformation of these constructs to Bangladesh and Philippines commercial indica cultivars and subsequent molecular screening and confined field evaluations resulted in the identification of a pool of ten events with Fe and Zn concentrations in polished grains of up to 11 μg g−1 and up to 37 μg g−1, respectively. The latter has the potential to reduce the prevalence of inadequate Zn intake for women of childbearing age in Bangladesh and in the Philippines by 30% and 50%, respectively, compared to the current prevalence. To our knowledge, this is the first potential biotechnology public-sector product that adopts the product cycle phase-gated approach, routinely applied in the private sector.
Validation of a surgical drill with a haptic interface in spine surgery
Authors: Yamanouchi Kento , Takano Shunya , Mima Yuichiro , Matsunaga Takuya , Ohnishi Kouhei , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Shimono Tomoyuki , Yagi Mitsuru 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReal haptics is a technology that reproduces the sense of force and touch by transmitting contact information with real objects by converting human movements and the feel of the objects into data. In recent years, real haptics technology has been installed in several surgical devices. A custom-made surgical drill was used to drill into the posterior lamina to verify the time required for penetration detection and the distance the drill advanced after penetration. A surgeon operated with the drill and the same aspects were measured and verified. All experiments were performed on female miniature pigs at 9 months of age with a mean body weight of 23.6 kg (range 9–10 months and 22.5–25.8 kg, n = 12). There were statistically significant differences in the average reaction time and the distance travelled after penetration between a handheld drill and the drill with the penetration detection function (p < 0.001). The reaction time to detect penetration and the distance after penetration were both significantly improved when compared with those of the handheld surgical drill without the penetration detection function, with mean differences of 0.049 ± 0.019 s [95% CI 0.012, 0.086 s] and 2.511 ± 0.537 mm [95% CI 1.505, 3.516 mm]. In this study, we successfully conducted a performance evaluation test of a custom-made haptic interface surgical drill. A prototype high-speed drill with a haptic interface accurately detected the penetration of the porcine posterior lamina.
Collective excitations of germinating pollen grains at critical points
Authors: Pietruszka Mariusz A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn plants, the germinating pollen grain (pollen tube) is a single, elongated cell that serves as a conduit through which gametes pass. Pollen tubes display a fast growth rate, which under certain conditions, changes periodically and is accompanied by ion exchange with the growth environment. Therefore, pollen tubes exposed to various abiotic conditions may adversely affect or improve their reproductive performance and fertility. We examined a collection of live pollen tubes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) using a non-invasive semiconductor–electrolyte interface technique in the vicinity of the germination temperature or optimum growth temperature of a pollen grains/tubes. The time series measurements and numerical calculations, performed using information theory methods, represent signatures of collective dynamics in living cells at critical—molecularly encoded—germination and growth temperatures. This method (and soil pH data) can facilitate assisted plant migrations from one ecosystem to another as the Earth faces climate change.
A versatile Halo- and SNAP-tagged BMP/TGFβ receptor library for quantification of cell surface ligand binding
Authors: Jatzlau Jerome , Burdzinski Wiktor , Trumpp Michael , Obendorf Leon , Roßmann Kilian , Ravn Katharina , Hyvönen Marko , Bottanelli Francesca , Broichhagen Johannes , Knaus Petra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTGFβs, BMPs and Activins regulate numerous developmental and homeostatic processes and signal through hetero-tetrameric receptor complexes composed of two types of serine/threonine kinase receptors. Each of the 33 different ligands possesses unique affinities towards specific receptor types. However, the lack of specific tools hampered simultaneous testing of ligand binding towards all BMP/TGFβ receptors. Here we present a N-terminally Halo- and SNAP-tagged TGFβ/BMP receptor library to visualize receptor complexes in dual color. In combination with fluorescently labeled ligands, we established a Ligand Surface Binding Assay (LSBA) for optical quantification of receptor-dependent ligand binding in a cellular context. We highlight that LSBA is generally applicable to test (i) binding of different ligands such as Activin A, TGFβ1 and BMP9, (ii) for mutant screens and (iii) evolutionary comparisons. This experimental set-up opens opportunities for visualizing ligand-receptor binding dynamics, essential to determine signaling specificity and is easily adaptable for other receptor signaling pathways.
TLR5 agonists enhance anti-tumor immunity and overcome resistance to immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Gonzalez Caleb , Williamson Sarah , Gammon Seth T. , Glazer Sarah , Rhee Joon Haeng , Piwnica-Worms David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrimary and adaptive resistance to immune checkpoint therapies (ICT) represent a considerable obstacle to achieving enhanced overall survival. Innate immune activators have been actively pursued for their antitumor potential. Herein we report that a syngeneic 4T1 mammary carcinoma murine model for established highly-refractory triple negative breast cancer showed enhanced survival when treated intra-tumorally with either the TLR5 agonist flagellin or CBLB502, a flagellin derivative, in combination with antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1. Long-term survivor mice showed immunologic memory upon tumor re-challenge and a distinctive immune activating cytokine profile that engaged both innate and adaptive immunity. Low serum levels of G-CSF and CXCL5 (as well as high IL-15) were candidate predictive biomarkers correlating with enhanced survival. CBLB502-induced enhancement of ICT was also observed in poorly immunogenic B16-F10 melanoma tumors. Combination immune checkpoint therapy plus TLR5 agonists may offer a new therapeutic strategy to treat ICT-refractory solid tumors.
Compliant mechanical response of the ultrafast folding protein EnHD under force
Authors: Reifs Antonio , Ruiz Ortiz Irene , Saa Amaia Ochandorena , Schönfelder Jörg , De Sancho David , Muñoz Victor , Perez-Jimenez Raul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUltrafast folding proteins have become an important paradigm in the study of protein folding dynamics. Due to their low energetic barriers and fast kinetics, they are amenable for study by both experiment and simulation. However, single molecule force spectroscopy experiments on these systems are challenging as these proteins do not provide the mechanical fingerprints characteristic of more mechanically stable proteins, which makes it difficult to extract information about the folding dynamics of the molecule. Here, we investigate the unfolding of the ultrafast protein Engrailed Homeodomain (EnHD) by single-molecule atomic force microscopy experiments. Constant speed experiments on EnHD result in featureless transitions typical of compliant proteins. However, in the force-ramp mode we recover sigmoidal curves that we interpret as a very compliant protein that folds and unfolds many times over a marginal barrier. This is supported by a simple theoretical model and coarse-grained molecular simulations. Our results show the ability of force to modulate the unfolding dynamics of ultrafast folding proteins.
TREM2hi resident macrophages protect the septic heart by maintaining cardiomyocyte homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wang Yang , Chen Shiyu , Mao Jiali , Jin Yue , Ye Hui , Zhang Yan , Liu Xiwang , Gong Chenchen , Cheng Xuejun , Huang Xiaoli , Hoeft Andreas , Chen Qixing , Li Xuekun , Fang Xiangming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is common in septic patients with a high mortality and is characterized by an abnormal immune response. Owing to cellular heterogeneity, understanding the roles of immune cell subsets in SICM has been challenging. Here we identify a unique subpopulation of cardiac-resident macrophages termed CD163+RETNLA+ (Mac1), which undergoes self-renewal during sepsis and can be targeted to prevent SICM. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing with fate mapping in a mouse model of sepsis, we demonstrate that the Mac1 subpopulation has distinct transcriptomic signatures enriched in endocytosis and displays high expression of TREM2 (TREM2hi). TREM2hi Mac1 cells actively scavenge cardiomyocyte-ejected dysfunctional mitochondria. Trem2 deficiency in macrophages impairs the self-renewal capability of the Mac1 subpopulation and consequently results in defective elimination of damaged mitochondria, excessive inflammatory response in cardiac tissue, exacerbated cardiac dysfunction and decreased survival. Notably, intrapericardial administration of TREM2hi Mac1 cells prevents SICM. Our findings suggest that the modulation of TREM2hi Mac1 cells could serve as a therapeutic strategy for SICM.
Multi-hazard risk to global port infrastructure and resulting trade and logistics losses
Authors: Verschuur Jasper , Koks Elco E. , Li Sihan , Hall Jim W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite their economic importance, the risk that ports face from multiple natural hazards has not yet been monetised on a global scale. Here, we perform an asset-level risk analysis of global port infrastructure from multiple hazards, quantifying the risk to physical asset damages and logistics services (i.e. port-specific risk) and maritime trade flows at-risk (i.e. trade risk). We find that 86% majority of ports are exposed to more than three hazards. Globally, port-specific risk totals 7.5 USD bn per year, with 32% of the risk attributed to tropical cyclone impacts. In addition, 63.1 USD bn of trade is at-risk every year, with trade risk as a fraction of total trade being particularly high in Small Island Developing States. Our result underline that port resilience is determined by various critical factors, such as engineering standards, operational thresholds, recovery duration, that vary widely across ports, requiring tailored solutions to improve port resilience.
Impaired CD4+ T cell response in older adults is associated with reduced immunogenicity and reactogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Jo Norihide , Hidaka Yu , Kikuchi Osamu , Fukahori Masaru , Sawada Takeshi , Aoki Masahiko , Yamamoto Masaki , Nagao Miki , Morita Satoshi , Nakajima Takako E. , Muto Manabu , Hamazaki Yoko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhether age-associated defects in T cells impact the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of mRNA vaccines remains unclear. Using a vaccinated cohort (n = 216), we demonstrated that older adults (aged ≥65 years) had fewer vaccine-induced spike-specific CD4+ T cells including CXCR3+ circulating follicular helper T cells and the TH1 subset of helper T cells after the first dose, which correlated with their lower peak IgG levels and fewer systemic adverse effects after the second dose, compared with younger adults. Moreover, spike-specific TH1 cells in older adults expressed higher levels of programmed cell death protein 1, a negative regulator of T cell activation, which was associated with low spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Thus, an inefficient CD4+ T cell response after the first dose may reduce the production of helper T cytokines, even after the second dose, thereby lowering humoral and cellular immunity and reducing systemic reactogenicity. Therefore, enhancing CD4+ T cell response following the first dose is key to improving vaccine efficacy in older adults.
Culturally Responsive Speech-Language Services and Preprofessional Training in Ghana
Authors: Nyantakyi Kwaku , Oetting Janna B. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
In Ghana, cultural competence is not only one of the most important skills required to a speech-language pathologist (SLP), but it is also ubiquitous throughout the country's preprofessional training program. In this article, we describe the field of communication disorders in Ghana as well as culturally responsive strategies SLPs implement and model to preprofessionals to serve the country's highly diverse ethnicities and multicultural communities.

Conclusions:
Culturally responsive strategies in Ghana include, among other behaviors, overt acts of empathy, affirmation, and additive/complementary expertise statements. These strategies could be more overtly applied within the United States to improve SLP services, preprofessional training programs, and the lived experiences of clients in the United States who come from various ethnicities and cultures.
Barium and related stars, and their white-dwarf companions
Authors: Escorza A. , De Rosa R. J. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Masses are one of the most difficult stellar properties to measure. In the case of the white-dwarf (WD) companions of Barium (Ba) stars, the situation is worse. These stars are dim, cool, and difficult to observe via direct methods. However, Ba stars were polluted by the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) progenitors of these WDs with matter rich in heavy elements, and the properties of their WD companions contain key information about binary interaction processes involving AGB stars and about the slow neutron capture process (s-process) of nucleosynthesis.
Aims. With this study, we aim to determine accurate and assumption-free masses for the WD companions of as many Ba stars as possible. We want to provide new observational constraints that can help us learn about the formation and evolution of these post-interaction binary systems and about the nucleosythesis processes that took place in the interiors of their AGB progenitors.
Methods. We combined archival radial-velocity data with HIPPARCOS and Gaia astrometry using the software package ORVARA, a code designed to simultaneously fit a single Keplerian model to any combination of these types of data using a parallel-tempering Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We adopted Gaussian priors for the Ba star masses and for the parallaxes, and assumed uninformative priors for the orbital elements and the WD masses.
Results. We determined new orbital inclinations and companion masses for 60 Ba star systems. These results include a couple of new orbits and several improved orbits for the longest-period systems. Additionally, we unravelled a new triple system that was not known before and constrained the orbits and the masses of the two companions.
Conclusions. The WD mass distribution presented in this work is compatible with that of field WDs and with the distributions published before for Ba star companions. A few WD companions have masses higher than 0.8 M⊙, considering 1-σ uncertainties. This indicates that they might come from AGB stars that are more massive than 3 M⊙. These masses are higher than what the abundance ratios on Ba star atmospheres and theoretical models of the s-process of nucleosynthesis seem to expect, raising interesting questions about the formation of these systems.
Activity distribution of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from combined measurements of non-gravitational forces and torques
Authors: Attree N. , Jorda L. , Groussin O. , Agarwal J. , Lasagni Manghi R. , Tortora P. , Zannoni M. , Marschall R. 
Published: January 2023

Aims. Understanding the activity is vital for deciphering the structure, formation, and evolution of comets. We investigate models of cometary activity by comparing them to the dynamics of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
Methods. We matched simple thermal models of water activity to the combined Rosetta datasets by fitting to the total outgassing rate and four components of the outgassing induced non-gravitational force and torque, with a final manual adjustment of the model parameters to additionally match the other two torque components. We parametrised the thermal model in terms of a distribution of relative activity over the surface of the comet, and attempted to link this to different terrain types. We also tested a more advanced thermal model based on a pebble structure.
Results. We confirm a hemispherical dichotomy and non-linear water outgassing response to insolation. The southern hemisphere of the comet and consolidated terrain show enhanced activity relative to the northern hemisphere and dust-covered, unconsolidated terrain types, especially at perihelion. We further find that the non-gravitational torque is especially sensitive to the activity distribution, and to fit the pole-axis orientation in particular, activity must be concentrated (in excess of the already high activity in the southern hemisphere and consolidated terrain) around the south pole and on the body and neck of the comet over its head. This is the case for both the simple thermal model and the pebble-based model. Overall, our results show that water activity cannot be matched by a simple model of sublimating surface ice driven by the insolation alone, regardless of the surface distribution, and that both local spatial and temporal variations are needed to fit the data.
Conclusions. Fully reconciling the Rosetta outgassing, torque, and acceleration data requires a thermal model that includes both diurnal and seasonal effects and also structure with depth (dust layers or ice within pebbles). This shows that cometary activity is complex. Nonetheless, non-gravitational dynamics provides a useful tool for distinguishing between different thermophysical models and aids our understanding.