bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing assessments of women with hypertensive disorders during labor in an academic medical center in Mississippi: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Price Tara , Palokas Michelle , Patel Nital 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objective of this project was to promote evidence-based practices regarding the nursing assessment of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders admitted to the intrapartum unit.

Introduction:
Hypertension during pregnancy has been associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Ongoing evaluation and nursing care are key in the prevention of complications resulting from hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Methods:
The implementation of this best practice project was guided by the JBI Model of Evidence-based Healthcare and used the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit and feedback strategy to promote evidence-based practices regarding the nursing assessment of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders admitted to an intrapartum unit. Eight audit criteria that were representative of best-practice recommendations for nursing assessment of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders were used. A baseline audit was conducted, followed by the implementation of multiple strategies that were determined by the key stakeholders. The project was finalized with a follow-up audit to determine a change in compliance with best-practice recommendations.

Results:
Baseline audits revealed an average 45% compliance rate with the eight best practice audit criteria. An on-site simulation event, which included a nursing assessment of normal and abnormal lung sounds along with the hands-on practice of deep tendon reflexes, was provided by project members. Evidence-based assessment guidelines were presented and reviewed with all participants. Input from the nursing staff was gathered regarding current documentation practices and electronic health record accessibility. As a result, an electronic health record change was requested, and improvements in nursing practice were observed for five of the eight audit criteria. Follow-up audits revealed an average compliance rate of 73% for all eight audit criteria, a 28% improvement.

Conclusion:
Continuing nursing education and ongoing competency refreshers can affect the quality of client care and outcomes by offering occasions to improve or strengthen clinical expertise and proficiency. For this project, the simulation training event improved nursing staff compliance with best practices.
School Closures due to Seasonal Influenza: Experience from Eleven Influenza Seasons – United States, 2011–2022
Authors: Zviedrite Nicole , Jahan Ferdous , Zheteyeva Yenlik , Gao Hongjiang , Uzicanin Amra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile there are numerous studies about influenza pandemic-associated school closures, literature is scant regarding closures associated with seasonal influenza. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted systematic daily online searches from August 1, 2011– June 30, 2022, to identify public announcements of unplanned school closures in the US lasting ≥1 day, selecting those that mentioned influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) as reason for school closure (ILI-SCs). We studied ILI-SC temporal patterns and compared them with reported outpatient ILI-related healthcare visits and laboratory confirmed influenza hospitalizations with attention to the difference between the pre-COVID-19 pandemic and the COVID-19-affected years. We documented that ILI-SCs occurred annually and concurrently with, and likely as a consequence of, widespread illness. The strongest correlations were primarily observed during influenza A (H3N2)-dominant seasons. ILI-SCs were heavily centered in HHS Region 4 and disproportionately impacted rural and lower-income communities.Article summary lineInfluenza-related school closures occurred annually in the US and their temporal patterns mirror the general patterns of influenza activity on both national and regional levels as observed through routine surveillance of medically attended ILI.
Population mortality before and during armed conflict in Yemen: geospatial and statistical analysis of cemetery data
Authors: Checchi Francesco , Besson Emilie Koum , Ali Ola , Alhaffar Mervat , Saeed Naji , Vasquez Yolanda , Freemantle Terri , Ashraf Momin , Reeve Chris , Scott Colin , Lingard Timothy , Norris Andy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince 2014, Yemen is affected by crisis conditions due to armed conflict. Evidence on the impact of this large-scale crisis on mortality is lacking. We analysed archive very high-resolution satellite imagery from a sample of Yemeni subdistricts to quantify changes in burial incidence attributable to the crisis.We identified possible cemeteries through remote and ground sources in 24 sampled subdistricts. After initial triage and extensive steps to improve the interpretability of archive imagery spanning the period 2011 to 2021, a pool of crowd workers, supervised by expert analysts and aided by an automated algorithm, annotated surface area and grave counts in sequential images from a set of analysis-eligible cemeteries. We complemented these longitudinal observations with data on different predictors including three crisis proxies (incidence of insecurity events, price of staple cereal, internal displacement), and fitted statistical models to compare predicted burials under observed and assumed counterfactual (no crisis) conditions.We identified 561 potential cemeteries within 24 sampled subdistricts, but excluded most due to inability to geolocate them or see the cemetery and/or graves in available imagery, yielding an effective sample of 110 image observations across 35 cemeteries in 10 subdistricts. Burial rate generally decreased between 2014-2018 and rose sharply thereafter. Alternative regression models suggested that most cemeteries would have experienced lower burial rate under non-crisis conditions, with a crisis to non-crisis ratio of about two overall. The incidence of insecurity events appeared positively associated with burial rate.This unprecedented-scale geospatial analysis of cemeteries suggests an increase in burial rates attributable to crisis conditions in a non-representative, disproportionately urban sample of Yemen. The study identifies key challenges of such an analysis. We discuss possible methodological ways forward to further explore the feasibility and validity of this option for mortality estimation in settings with insufficient vital events registration and limited ground access.
Aberrant activation of the innate immune sensor PKR by self dsRNA is prevented by direct interaction with ADAR1
Authors: Sinigaglia Ketty , Cherian Anna , Vukic Dragana , Melicherova Janka , Linhartova Pavla , Du Qiupei , Zerad Lisa , Stejskal Stanislav , Malik Radek , Prochazka Jan , Bondurand Nadège , Sedlacek Radislav , O’Connell Mary A. , Keegan Liam P. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryLoss of dsRNA editing by Adar1 leads to aberrant interferon induction inAdarnull mouse embryos.Adar Mavsmutants, in which this interferon induction is prevented, die within two weeks of birth. We show here that early death of pups is reduced inAdar Mavs EIF2αk2(Pkr) mutants, identifying PKR as the second aberrantly activated dsRNA sensor inAdarmutant mice. In intestines ofAdar Mavspups transit amplifying progenitor cells in intestinal crypts die and intestinal villi are lost in pups before death; intestinal defects are prevented inAdar Mavs Eifak2. In human A549 lung cancer cells ADAR1 forms a complex with PKR. AlphaFold modelling predicts a direct inhibitory interaction of ADAR1 dsRBDIII with the PKR near the kinase active site and a new mode for ADAR1 dsRNA-binding. Mutations at residues required for ADAR1 dsRNA binding or for predicted PKR contacts, prevent interaction with PKR.
Heterogeneity of synaptic connectivity in the fly visual system
Authors: Cornean Jacqueline , Molina-Obando Sebastian , Gür Burak , Bast Annika , Ramos-Traslosheros Giordano , Chojetzki Jonas , Lörsch Lena , Ioannidou Maria , Taneja Rachita , Schnaitmann Christopher , Silies Marion 
Published: August 2023

SummaryVisual systems are homogeneous structures, where repeating columnar units are stereotypically arranged to retinotopically cover the visual field. Each of these columns contain many of the same neuron types that are distinguished by anatomic, genetic and – generally – by functional properties. However, there are exceptions to this rule. In the 800 visual columns of theDrosophilaeye, there is an anatomically and genetically identifiable cell type with variable functional properties, Tm9. Since anatomical connectivity shapes functional neuronal properties, we identified the presynaptic inputs of several hundred Tm9s across both optic lobes using the FAFB connectome dataset and FlyWire analysis. Our work shows that Tm9 has three major, stereotypic, and many weaker, sparsely distributed inputs. This differs from the presynaptic connectivity of neurons with uniform properties, Tm1 and Tm2, which have only one major, and more stereotypic inputs than Tm9. Within the heterogeneous circuit architecture, we identified specific motifs, such as a set of wide-field neurons, which can be the source of the variable Tm9 physiology. Genetic synapse labeling combined with expansion microscopy showed that the heterogeneous wiring exists across individuals. Together, our data argue that the visual system uses heterogeneous, distributed circuit properties to achieve robust visual processing.
Interpretable modelling of input-output computations in cortex
Authors: Bast Arco , Fruengel Rieke , de Kock Christiaan P.J. , Oberlaender Marcel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeurons receive input from thousands of synapses, which they transform into action potentials (APs) via their complex dendrites. How the dendritic location of these inputs, their timing, strength, and presynaptic origin impact AP output remains generally unknown. Here we demonstrate how to reveal which properties of the input causally underlie AP output, and how this input-output computation is influenced by the morphology and biophysical properties of the dendrites. For this purpose, we derive analytically tractable, interpretable models of the input-output computation that layer 5 pyramidal tract neurons (L5PTs) – the major output cell type of the cerebral cortex – perform upon sensory stimulation. We find that this input-output computation is preserved across L5PTs despite morphological and biophysical diversity. We show that three features are sufficient to explainin vivoobserved sensory responses and receptive fields of L5PTs with high accuracy: the count of active excitatory versus inhibitory synapses preceding the response, their spatial distribution on the dendrites, and the AP history. Based on this analytically tractable and interpretable description of the input-output computation, we show how to dissect the contributions of different input populations in thalamus and cortex to sensory responses of L5PTs. Thus, our approach provides a roadmap for revealing cellular input-output computations across differentin vivoconditions.Author SummaryRevealing how synaptic inputs drive action potential output is one of the major challenges in neuroscience research. An increasing number of approaches therefore seek to combine detailed measurements at synaptic, cellular and network scales into biologically realistic brain models. Indeed, such models have started to make empirically testable predictions about the inputs that underliein vivoobserved activity patterns. However, the enormous complexity of these models generally prevents the derivation of interpretable descriptions that explain how neurons transform synaptic input into action potential output, and how these input-output computations depend on synaptic, cellular and network properties. Here we introduce an approach to reveal input-output computations that neurons in the cerebral cortex perform upon sensory stimulation. We reduce a realistic multi-scale cortex model to the minimal description that accounts forin vivoobserved responses. Thereby, we identify the input-output computation that these cortical neurons perform under thisin vivocondition, and we show that this computation is preserved across neurons despite morphological and biophysical diversity. Our approach provides analytically tractable and interpretable descriptions of neuronal input-output computations during specificin vivoconditions.
Robust parameterization of a viral-immune kinetics model for sequential Dengue virus (DENV) infections with Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE)
Authors: Macdonald Joshua , Gulbudak Hayriye 
Published: August 2023

1AbstractDengue (DENV), a neglected tropical disease, is a globally distributed arboviral (genusFlavivirus) pathogen primarily spread byAedesmosquitoes and infecting approximately 390 million individuals annually. A challenge to successful control of DENV is that after primary infection (or vaccination) due to waning, secondarily infected patients (or vaccinated individuals) can have an elevated risk of severe Dengue due to a phenomenon known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), that is: preexisting cross-reactive IgG antibody concentrations can increase dengue severity. In this study, we first robustly parameterize a unified within-host viral and immune kinetics model to viral kinetics data for serotypes DENV1, 2, and 3 collected at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) while allowing independent variation in infection start time among hosts. Our model recapitulates the data well, including cross-reactive antibody concentration-dependent enhanced severity in secondary infections, and captures empirically observed differences between primary and secondary DENV infections, such as time to peak viral load, duration of viremia, and maximum viral titer. Our parameterization also captures meaningful differences in serotype-specific kinetic parameters that drive these differences. Subsequently, we (i) show that variation in initial IgG antibody concentration is sufficient to mechanistically explain the observed differences between primary and secondary infection in terms of the time course of events across serotypes and (ii) leverage our modeling results paired with long-term NS1-specific IgG antibody decay data from Recife, Northeast Brazil, to estimate the half-life of Dengue IgG antibodies and the time frame of the risk window for escalated disease severity due to ADE.
Trunk neural crest gene MOXD1 affects embryonic development
Authors: Fredlund Elina , Andersson Stina , Ferreira Manon , Mohlin Sofie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEctoderm-derived neural crest is a transient structure arising during early embryogenesis in vertebrates. Neural crest consists of four derivatives based on their anterior- to posterior location along the body axis; cranial, vagal, trunk and sacral, respectively. We recently showed that trunk neural crest-specific geneMOXD1functions as a tumor suppressor in trunk neural crest-derived childhood cancer form neuroblastoma and is essential for proper development of healthy adrenal glands. However, the role of MOXD1 during early embryogenesis is not known. Here, we conditionally knocked outMOXD1in trunk neural crest cells before they become lineage-committed, using a CRISPR/Cas9 approach in chick embryos. Assessment of embryo growth showed that knockout ofMOXD1delayed development with knockout embryos being smaller. RNA sequencing of trunk-derived neural crest cells from control and knockout embryos showed enrichment of genes connected to gland development, copper ion metabolism and neuroblastoma progression. In conclusion, MOXD1 is important during early and prolonged embryonic development with effects on gland formation, possibly mediated via its role in copper metabolism.
ω-Phonetoxins inhibit voltage-gated calcium CaV2.2 ion channel splice isoforms of dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Castro-Junior Célio , Gomez Marcus Vinícius , Borges Marcia Helena , Lipscombe Diane , Andrade Arturo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCell-specific alternative splicing ofCacna1bpre-mRNA generates functionally distinct voltage-gated CaV2.2 channels. CaV2.2 channels mediate the release of glutamate from nociceptor termini in the dorsal horn spinal cord and they are implicated in chronic pain. One alternatively spliced exon inCacna1b, e37a, is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglia, relative to other regions of the nervous system, and it is particularly important in inflammatory hyperalgesia. Here we studied the effects of two ω-phonetoxins, PnTx3-4 and Phα1β, derived from the spiderPhoneutria nigriventeron CaV2.2 channel isoforms of dorsal root ganglia (CaV2.2 e37a and CaV2.2 e37b). Both PnTx3-4 and Phα1β are known to have analgesic effects in rodent models of pain and to inhibit CaV2.2 channels. CaV2.2 e37a and CaV2.2 e37b isoforms expressed in a mammalian cell line were inhibited by PnTx3-4 and Phα1β with similar potency and with similar timecourse, although CaV2.2 e37a currents were slightly, but consistently more sensitive to toxin inhibition compared to CaV2.2 e37b. The inhibitory effects of PnTx3-4 and Phα1β on CaV2.2-e37a and CaV2.2-e37b channels were voltage-dependent, and both occlude the inhibitory effects of ω-conotoxin GVIA, consistent with a common site of action. The potency of PnTx3-4 and Phα1β on both major splice isoforms in dorsal root ganglia constribute to understanding the analgesic actions of these ω-phonetoxins.
Linking genomic prediction for muscle fat content in Atlantic salmon to underlying changes in lipid metabolism regulation
Authors: Harvey Thomas N. , Dvergedal Hanne , Grønvold Lars , Jin Yang , Ødegård Jørgen , Korsvoll Sven Arild , Knutsen Tim , Hvidsten Torgeir R. , Sandve Simen R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMuscle fat content is an important production trait in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) because it influences the flavor, texture, and nutritional properties of the fillet. Genomic selection can be applied to alter muscle fat content, however how such selection changes the underlying molecular physiology of these animals is unknown. Here, we examine the link between genomic prediction and underlying molecular physiology by correlating genomic breeding values for fat content to liver gene expression in 184 fish. We found that Salmon with higher genomic breeding values had higher expression of genes in lipid metabolism pathways. This included key lipid metabolism geneshmgcrab,fasn-b,fads2d5, andfads2d6, and lipid transportersfatp2f,fabp7b, andapobc. We also found several regulators of lipid metabolism with negative correlation to genomic breeding vales, includingpparg-b,fxr-a, andfxr-b. A quantitative trait loci analysis for variation in gene expression levels (eQTLs) for 167 trait associated genes found that 71 genes had at least one eQTL, and that most were trans eQTLs. Closer examination revealed distinct eQTL clustering on chromosomes 3 and 6, indicating the presence of putative common regulator in these regions. Taken together, these results suggest that increased fat content in high genomic breeding value salmon is associated with elevated lipid synthesis, elevated lipid transport, and reduced glycerolipid breakdown; and that this is at least partly achieved by selection on genetic variants that impact the function of top-level transcription factors involved in liver metabolism. Our study sheds light on how genomic selection alters lipid content in Atlantic salmon, and the results could be used to prioritize SNPs to improve the efficiency of genomic selection in the future.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA Persists in the Central Nervous System of Non-Human Primates Despite Clinical Recovery
Authors: Li Hailong , McLaurin Kristen A. , Mactutus Charles F. , Rappaport Jay , Datta Prasun K. , Booze Rosemarie M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdverse neurological and psychiatric outcomes, collectively termed the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), persist in adults clinically recovered from COVID-19. Effective therapeutic interventions are fundamental to reducing the burden of PASC, necessitating an investigation of the pathophysiology underlying the debilitating neurological symptoms associated with the condition. Herein, eight non-human primates (Wild-Caught African Green Monkeys,n=4; Indian Rhesus Macaques,n=4) were inoculated with the SARS-CoV-2 isolate USA-WA1/2020 by either small particle aerosol or via multiple routes. At necropsy, tissue from the olfactory epithelium and pyriform cortex/amygdala of SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates were collected for ribonucleic acidin situhybridization (i.e., RNAscope). First, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) mRNA are downregulated in the pyriform cortex/amygdala of non-human primates clinically recovered from SARS-CoV-2 inoculation relative to wildtype controls. Second, abundant SARS-CoV-2 mRNA was detected in clinically recovered non-human primates; mRNA which is predominantly harbored in pericytes. Collectively, examination of post-mortem pyriform cortex/amygdala brain tissue of non-human primates clinically recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed two early pathophysiological mechanisms potentially underlying PASC. Indeed, therapeutic interventions targeting the downregulation of ACE2, decreased expression of TMPRSS2, and/or persistent infection of pericytes in the central nervous system may effectively mitigate the debilitating symptoms of PASC.
Regulation of the Drosophila transcriptome by Pumilio and CCR4-NOT deadenylase
Authors: Haugen Rebecca J. , Barnier Catherine , Elrod Nathan D. , Luo Hua , Jensen Madeline K. , Ji Ping , Smibert Craig A. , Lipshitz Howard D. , Wagner Eric J. , Freddolino P. Lydia , Goldstrohm Aaron C. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe sequence-specific RNA-binding protein Pumilio controls development ofDrosophila; however, the network of mRNAs that it regulates remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we utilize knockdown and knockout approaches coupled with RNA-Seq to measure the impact of Pumilio on the transcriptome ofDrosophilacells. We also used an improved RNA co-immunoprecipitation method to identify Pumilio bound mRNAs inDrosophilaembryos. Integration of these datasets with the content of Pumilio binding motifs across the transcriptome revealed novel direct Pumilio target genes involved in neural, muscle, wing, and germ cell development, and cellular proliferation. These genes include components of Wnt, TGF-beta, MAPK/ERK, and Notch signaling pathways, DNA replication, and lipid metabolism. Additionally, we identified the mRNAs regulated by the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, a key factor in Pumilio-mediated repression, and observed concordant regulation of Pumilio:CCR4-NOT target mRNAs. Computational modeling revealed that Pumilio binding, binding site number, density, and sequence context are important determinants of regulation. Moreover, the content of optimal synonymous codons in target mRNAs exhibits a striking functional relationship to Pumilio and CCR4-NOT regulation, indicating that the inherent translation efficiency and stability of the mRNA modulates their response to these trans-acting regulatory factors. Together, the results of this work provide new insights into the Pumilio regulatory network and mechanisms, and the parameters that influence the efficacy of Pumilio-mediated regulation.