bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attentional development can help us understand the inattentional blindness effect in visual search
Authors: Gil-Gómez de Liaño Beatriz , Castelletti Chiara , Perez-Hernandez Elena , Quirós-Godoy María , Wolfe Jeremy M. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionInattentional Blindness (IB) is the failure to notice an unexpected, usually salient stimulus while immersed in a different, often demanding attentional task. More than just a laboratory curiosity, IB is an important phenomenon to understand because it may be related to real-world errors such as missed “incidental findings” in medical image or security searches. Interest in individual differences in susceptibility to IB has produced a number of studies showing inconclusive results.MethodsHere, we tested IB in a sample of 277 participants, 4-25 years old performing a visual search task. On two critical trials, an unexpected letter and an unexpected word were presented among photorealistic objects.ResultsThere was a clear age effect with younger individuals showing higher IB levels. IB correlated with attentional control in visual search and with Continuous Performance Test-CPT for d-prime, response times and attentional shifting measures. These effects disappeared if age was controlled. There were no general effects of intelligence (IQ; RIST) or gender. Younger observers showed a negative correlation of IB for the word with the verbal components of the RIST IQ-proxy (no effect for the letter).DiscussionThese results support a relationship between IB and cognitive-developmental changes, showing that maturation of attention and executive processes can help us understand the intriguing phenomenon of (sometimes) missing what is in front of our eyes.
Perceived self-efficacy and empowerment in patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Davies Brianna , Allan Katherine S. , Carroll Sandra L. , Gibbs Karen , Roberts Jason D. , MacIntyre Ciorsti , Steinberg Christian , Tadros Rafik , Dorian Paul , Healey Jeff S. , Gardner Martin , Laksman Zachary W. M. , Krahn Andrew D. , Fournier Anne , Seifer Colette , Lauck Sandra B. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe role of multidisciplinary clinics for psychosocial care is increasingly recognized for those living with inherited cardiac conditions (ICC). In Canada, access to healthcare providers differ between clinics. Little is known about the relationship between access to specialty care and a patient's ability to cope with, and manage their condition.MethodsWe leveraged the Hearts in Rhythm Organization (HiRO) to conduct a cross-sectional, community-based survey of individuals with ICC and their family members. We aimed to describe access to services, and explore the relationships between participants’ characteristics, cardiac history and self-reported health status and self-efficacy (GSE: General Self-Efficacy Scale) and empowerment (GCOS-24: Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale).ResultsWe collected 235 responses from Canadian participants in 10 provinces and territories. Overall, 63% of participants reported involvement of a genetic counsellor in their care. Access to genetic testing was associated with greater empowerment [mean GCOS-24: 121.14 (SD = 20.53) vs. 105.68 (SD = 21.69); p = 0.004]. Uncertain genetic test results were associated with lower perceived self-efficacy (mean GSE: uncertain = 28.85 vs. positive = 33.16, negative = 34.13; p = 0.01). Low global mental health scores correlated with both lower perceived self-efficacy and empowerment scores, with only 11% of affected participants reporting involvement of psychology services in their care.ConclusionDifferences in resource accessibility, clinical history and self-reported health status impact the perceived self-efficacy and empowerment of patients with ICC. Future research evaluating interventions to improve patient outcomes is recommended.
Crustal structure of the Ethiopian Northwestern Plateau and central Afar from receiver function analysis
Authors: Kibret Birhanu Abera , Ayele Atalay , Keir Derek 
Published: May 2023

In magma-rich continental rifts extension by magma intrusion is thought to accommodate much of the extension. We aim to constrain major melt reservoirs in the crust during magma-rich rifting by applying P-to-S receiver functions (RFs) using legacy teleseismic data having magnitudes Mb &gt; 6.0 and epicentral distances ranging from 30° to 90° and collected between the years 2000 and 2013 in 17 temporary broadband stations in Ethiopia and Eritrea. The majority of the NW Plateau crust shows fast Vs of ∼4–4.7 km/s with localized slow Vs (3.2 km/s) and high Vp/Vs (1.85–2.0) in the mid-crust (∼10–25 km depth). The seismic velocity beneath the Afar crust is fairly homogeneous except beneath the current locus of strain at the magmatic segments, which have a relatively fast Vs. (∼4.5 km/s) at a shallow (∼6–14 km) depth underlain by slower Vs. (&lt;3.2 km/s) and high Vp/Vs (2.0) at lower crustal depths (∼20–25 km). The Moho is sharp beneath most of the plateau stations and more gradational beneath Afar with estimated values of 36–44 km in the NW plateau and 26–30 km in Afar. The results point towards the presence of partial melt in localized places in the mid-crust beneath the NW plateau, and in the lower crust beneath the west of Afar, and particularly focused in the lower crust beneath the magmatic segments in Afar. The results suggest that the lower crust is an important melt reservoir for rift-related magmatic processes. The presence of melt in the NW plateau crust is more difficult to explain but is potentially linked to the broad extension of the plateau, or lateral migration of melt from the rift.
Safety and efficacy of prophylactic treatment for hyperthyroidism induced by iodinated contrast media in a high-risk population
Authors: Manso Jacopo , Piva Ilaria , Censi Simona , Clausi Cristina , Bardi Maria , Schiavon Benedetta , Merante Boschin Isabella , Tona Francesco , Mian Caterina 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe use of iodinated contrast media (ICM) can lead to thyrotoxicosis, especially in patients with risk factors, such as Graves’ disease, multinodular goiter, older age, and iodine deficiency. Although hyperthyroidism may have clinically relevant effects, whether high-risk patients should receive prophylactic treatment before they are administered ICM is still debated.Aim of the studyWe aimed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic treatment with sodium perchlorate and/or methimazole to prevent ICM-induced hyperthyroidism (ICMIH) in a population of high-risk cardiac patients. We ran a cost analysis to ascertain the most cost-effective prophylactic treatment protocol. We also aimed to identify possible risk factors for the onset of ICMIH.Materials and methodsWe performed a longitudinal retrospective study on 61 patients admitted to a tertiary-level cardiology unit for diagnostic and/or therapeutic ICM-procedures. We included patients with available records of thyroid function tests performed before and after ICM were administered, who were at high risk of developing ICMIH. Patients were given one of two different prophylactic treatments (methimazole alone or both methimazole and sodium perchlorate) or no prophylactic treatment. The difference between their thyroid function at the baseline and 11-30 days after the ICM-related procedure was considered the principal endpoint.ResultsTwenty-three (38%) of the 61 patients were given a prophylactic treatment. Thyroid function deteriorated after the administration of ICM in 9/61 patients (15%). These cases were associated with higher plasma creatinine levels at admission, higher baseline TSH levels, lower baseline FT4 levels, and no use of prophylactic treatment. The type of prophylaxis provided did not influence any onset of ICMIH. A cost-benefit analysis showed that prophylactic treatment with methimazole alone was less costly per person than the combination protocol. On multivariate analysis, only the use of a prophylactic treatment was independently associated with a reduction in the risk of ICMIH. Patients not given any prophylactic treatment had a nearly five-fold higher relative risk of developing ICMIH.ConclusionProphylactic treatment can prevent the onset of ICMIH in high-risk populations administered ICM. Prophylaxis is safe and effective in this setting, especially in cardiopathic patients. Prophylaxis with methimazole alone seems to be the most cost-effective option.
Experimental research on heat transfer characteristic of HITEC molten salt in evacuated tube solar collector
Authors: Ji Guo-Jian , Gu Jin-Ming , Chen Zhi , Lu Bei-Bei , Gao Ying 
Published: May 2023

HITEC molten salt (7% NaNO3, 53% KNO3, 40% NaNO2) has been identified as a suitable heat transfer fluid for concentrated solar power (CSP) systems, such as parabolic trough collectors (PTC) and evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSC). In order to optimize the flow and heat transfer performance of HITEC in ETSC, a molten salt heat transfer test rig was built to conduct an experimental study, varying inlet and outlet temperatures and mass flow rates of HITEC. Results show that the heat loss of HITEC in ETSC is lower than the other tubes. The convective heat transfer coefficient of HITEC is much lower than that of HITEC in round tube. Because the experimental data of HITEC in ETSC largely differed from the classical correlation equations, a new empirical heat transfer correlation equation was set for HITEC in ETSC, and the deviation between the experiment data and new correlation was within ±19.2%. Finally, by comparing the inlet and outlet temperatures of ETSC under different irradiation intensities, it is concluded that the ETSC can work stably when the temperature exceeds 700 W/m2.
Association analysis and functional follow-up identified common variants of JAG1 accounting for risk to biliary atresia
Authors: Bai Mei-Rong , Pei Hao-Yue , Zhou Ying , Song Huan-Lei , Pan Wei-Hua , Gong Yi-Ming , Wu Wen-Jie , Yu Wen-Wen , Cui Meng-Meng , Gu Bei-Lin , Chu Xun , Cai Wei 
Published: May 2023

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a destructive, obliterative cholangiopathy characterized by progressive fibro-inflammatory disorder and obliteration of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. The Jagged1 (JAG1) gene mutations have been found in some isolated BA cases. We aim to explore the association of common variants in JAG1 with isolated BA risk in the Chinese Han population.Methods: We genotyped 31 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the JAG1 gene region in 333 BA patients and 1,665 healthy controls from the Chinese population, and performed case-control association analysis. The expression patterns of JAG1 homologs were investigated in zebrafish embryos, and the roles of jag1a and jag1b in biliary development were examined by morpholino knockdown in zebrafish.Results: Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6077861 [PAllelic = 1.74 × 10−4, odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.40] and rs3748478 (PAllelic = 5.77 × 10−4, odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–1.67) located in the intron region of JAG1 showed significant associations with BA susceptibility. The JAG1 homologs, jag1a and jag1b genes were expressed in the developing hepatobiliary duct of zebrafish, especially at 72 and 96 h postfertilization. Knockdown of both jag1a and jag1b led to poor biliary secretion, sparse intrahepatic bile duct network and smaller or no gallbladders compared with control embryos in the zebrafish model.Conclusion: Common genetic variants of JAG1 were associated with BA susceptibility. Knockdown of JAG1 homologs led to defective intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in zebrafish. These results suggest that JAG1 might be implicated in the etiology of BA.
Adverse events with risankizumab in the real world: postmarketing pharmacovigilance assessment of the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Shu Yamin , Chen Jing , Ding Yiling , Zhang Qilin 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundRisankizumab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits IL-23, is currently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and Crohn’s disease. The real-world safety study of risankizumab in a large- sample population is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate risankizumab-associated adverse events (AEs) and characterize the clinical priority through the data mining of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsDisproportionality analyses were performed by calculating the reporting odds ratios (RORs), deemed significant when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was greater than 1, to quantify the signals of risankizumab-related AEs from the second quarter (Q2) of 2019 to 2022 Q3. Serious and non-serious cases were compared, and signals were prioritized using a rating scale.ResultsRisankizumab was recorded in 10,235 reports, with 161 AEs associated with significant disproportionality. Of note, 37 PTs in at least 30 cases were classified as unexpected AEs, which were uncovered in the drug label, such as myocardial infarction, cataract, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, stress, and nephrolithiasis. 74.68%, 25.32%, and 0% PTs were graded as weak, moderate, and strong clinical priorities, respectively. A total of 48 risankizumab-related AEs such as pneumonia, cerebrovascular accident, cataract, loss of consciousness, cardiac disorder, hepatic cirrhosis, and thrombosis, were more likely to be reported as serious AEs. The median TTO of moderate and weak signals related to risankizumab was 115 (IQR 16.75–305) and 124 (IQR 29–301) days, respectively. All of the disproportionality signals had early failure type features, indicating that risankizumab-associated AEs gradually decreased over time.ConclusionOur study found potential new AE signals and provided valuable evidence for clinicians to mitigate the risk of risankizumab-associated AEs based on an extensive analysis of a large-scale postmarketing international safety database.
Determination of gonad reproductive state using non-lethal ultrasonography in endangered black (Haliotis cracherodii) and white abalone (H. sorenseni)
Authors: Boles Sara E. , Rogers-Bennett Laura , Bragg Wendy K. , Bredvik-Curran Jessica , Graham Suzanne , Gross Jackson A. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionBlack (H. cracherodii) and white abalone (H. sorenseni) are federally listed as endangered species in the United States. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs; however, determination of the reproductive state of individual abalone is notoriously difficult using traditional visual assessments. Ultrasonography is a well-recognized technology used to assess gonad reproductive condition accurately and nonlethally in cultured and wild fish, and more recently cultured red abalone (H. rufescens). Here, we implemented the use of ultrasound imaging technology to monitor the gonad condition of endangered black and white abalone.MethodsRepeated ultrasound assessments of the gonad were used to assess seasonal changes in reproductive development in wild black (n=20), and captive white abalone (n=25).ResultsA modified ultrasound gonad index score was developed to incorporate multiple species of abalone. The ultrasound index scores ranged from one to five, with an index score of one being the lowest (gonad margin is thinly wrapped around the digestive gland or not present) and an index score of five being the highest (gonad margin is thick and significantly compressing the digestive gland).ConclusionWe show that non-lethal ultrasound imaging technology is useful for tracking cyclical changes in the gonad reproductive condition as well as a more precise selection of individuals that are in peak reproductive condition for captive breeding programs.
Evaluating the potential of geopolymer concrete as a sustainable alternative for thin white-topping pavement
Authors: S. Sathvik , Shakor Pshtiwan , Hasan Sarwar , Awuzie Bankole Osita , Singh Atul Kumar , Rauniyar Abishek , Karakouzian Moses 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The construction industry uses a large quantity of natural materials in the production of concrete. Although attempts to incorporate green materials in concrete began years ago, not every building uses such materials today, and roadways, particularly, still rely on unsustainable materials.Methods: Therefore, this study used alternative materials, including fly ash, manufactured sand aggregates, and different molarities of alkaline activators, to incorporate waste byproducts in a geopolymer concrete white-topping pavement layer. Recent developments have led to the emergence of geopolymers as distinct classes of materials. In the 1990s, fly ash-based geopolymers became more popular than other kinds, as they are more efficient compared to Portland cement concrete.Results: Aluminosilicate gel can be obtained by combining fly ash and alkaline solution. A comprehensive literature review of geopolymer concrete was performed in this study. It examines its critical design parameters, including alkaline solutions, curing temperatures, curing methods, workability, and compressive strength under various environmental conditions. This review provides a unique opportunity for researchers to understand how geopolymer concrete performs.Discussion: A range of conditions were investigated to determine how to enhance and use this material in a variety of ways. The fresh characteristics of different mixes were studied using slump and Vee-Bee tests, and the characteristics of the cured concrete mixes were determined using flexural, compressive, and flexural fatigue tests. The results indicated that the use of manufactured sand and fly ash with high-molarity alkaline activators results in a geopolymer concrete with an excellent maximum resistance of 5.1 N/mm2 workability, strength, and fatigue properties, making it suitable for use in roadway pavement.
Population response of intestinal microbiota to acute Vibrio alginolyticus infection in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)
Authors: Hao Yaotong , Zhao Yaxian , Zhang Yitong , Liu Yufeng , Wang Guixing , He Zhongwei , Cao Wei , Han Tian , Zhang Xun , Zhang Ziying , Wang Yufen , Gong Chunguang , Hou Jilun 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionVibriosis causes enormous economic losses of marine fish. The present study investigated the intestinal microbial response to acute infection of half-smooth tongue sole with different-dose Vibrio alginolyticus within 72 h by metagenomic sequencing.MethodsThe inoculation amount of V. alginolyticus for the control, low-dose, moderate-dose, and high-dose groups were 0, 8.5 × 101, 8.5 × 104, and 8.5 × 107 cells/g respectively, the infected fish were farmed in an automatic seawater circulation system under a relatively stable temperature, dissolved oxygen and photoperiod, and 3 ~ 6 intestinal samples per group with high-quality DNA assay were used for metagenomics analysis.ResultsThe acute infections with V. alginolyticus at high, medium, and low doses caused the change of different-type leukocytes at 24 h, whereas the joint action of monocytes and neutrophils to cope with the pathogen infection only occurred in the high-dose group at 72 h. The metagenomic results suggest that a high-dose V. alginolyticus infection can significantly alter the intestinal microbiota, decrease the microbial α-diversity, and increase the bacteria from Vibrio and Shewanella, including various potential pathogens at 24 h. High-abundance species of potential pathogens such as V. harveyii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. scophthalmi exhibited significant positive correlations with V. alginolyticus. The function analysis revealed that the high-dose inflection group could increase the genes closely related to pathogen infection, involved in cell motility, cell wall/ membrane/envelope biogenesis, material transport and metabolism, and the pathways of quorum sensing, biofilm formation, flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, virulence factors and antibiotic resistances mainly from Vibrios within 72 h.DiscussionIt indicates that the half-smooth tongue sole is highly likely to be a secondary infection with intestinal potential pathogens, especially species from Vibrio and that the disease could become even more complicated because of the accumulation and transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes in intestinal bacteria during the process of V. alginolyticus intensified infection.
Antimicrobial activity of photosensitizers: arrangement in bacterial membrane matters
Authors: Batishchev Oleg V. , Kalutskii Maksim A. , Varlamova Ekaterina A. , Konstantinova Anna N. , Makrinsky Kirill I. , Ermakov Yury A. , Meshkov Ivan N. , Sokolov Valerij S. , Gorbunova Yulia G. 
Published: May 2023

Porphyrins are well-known photosensitizers (PSs) for antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which is still an underestimated antibiotic-free method to kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In the present work, we developed a comprehensive tool for predicting the structure and assessment of the photodynamic efficacy of PS molecules for their application in aPDT. We checked it on a series of water-soluble phosphorus(V) porphyrin molecules with OH or ethoxy axial ligands and phenyl/pyridyl peripheral substituents. First, we used biophysical approaches to show the effect of PSs on membrane structure and their photodynamic activity in the lipid environment. Second, we developed a force field for studying phosphorus(V) porphyrins and performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of their interactions with bacterial lipid membranes. Finally, we obtained the structure-activity relationship for the antimicrobial activity of PSs and tested our predictions on two models of Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Our approach allowed us to propose a new PS molecule, whose MIC50 values after an extremely low light dose of 5 J/cm2 (5.0 ± 0.4 μg/mL for E. coli and 4.9 ± 0.8 μg/mL for A. baumannii) exceeded those for common antibiotics, making it a prospective antimicrobial agent.
Women and stroke: disparities in clinical presentation, severity, and short- and long-term outcomes
Authors: Naveed Hiba , Almasri Muna , Kazani Bahram , Nauman Areej , Akhtar Naveed , Singh Rajvir , Kamran Saadat , Al Jerdi Salman , Thermalingem Sathvika , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThere are limited data from the Middle East on sex-related differences in short- and long-term stroke outcomes. We present 8 years of experience based on the Qatar stroke database.SettingThe Qatar stroke database prospectively collects data on all stroke patients admitted to Hamad General Hospital. For this study, we compared female and male acute ischemic stroke patients on their characteristics at admission, short-term outcomes [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score], and long-term outcomes [incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs)].ParticipantsA total of 7,300 patients [F: 1,406 (19.3%), M: 5,894 (80.7%); mean age 55.1 ± 13.3 (F: 61.6 ± 15.1, M: 53.5 ± 12.3; p &lt; 0.001)] were admitted with acute ischemic stroke.ResultsSignificantly fewer women presented within 4.5 h of onset (F: 29% vs. M: 32.8%; p = 0.01). Although women were more likely to experience severe stroke (NIHSS &gt;10; F: 19.9% vs. M: 14.5%; p &lt; 0.001), fewer were treated with thrombolysis (F: 9.8% vs. M: 12.1%; p = 0.02). Women experienced more medical complications (F: 11.7% vs. M: 7.4%; p &lt; 0.001) and tended to have a more prolonged length of stay in the hospital (F: 6.4 ± 7.6 days vs. M: 5.5 ± 6.8 days; p &lt; 0.001).Primary and secondary outcome measuresGood outcomes at 90 days (mRS score of 0–2) were less frequent in women (F: 53.3% vs. M: 71.2%; p &lt; 0.001). Fewer female patients were taking antiplatelets (F: 78% vs. M: 84.8%; p &lt; 0.001) or statins (F: 81.2% vs. M: 85.7%; p &lt; 0.001). Significantly more female patients experienced a MACE (F: 12.6% vs. M: 6.5%; p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionOlder age at presentation contributes to poor outcomes following acute stroke in women. Other contributing factors include delays in admission to the hospital, lower rates of thrombolysis, and lower rates of provision of preventative treatments.