bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between regular cervical cancer screening and social background in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mitoma Tomohiro , Maki Jota , Ooba Hikaru , Ogawa Chikako , Masuyama Hisashi , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, Japan has one of the lowest cervical cancer screening rates. The cancer screening rate has reportedly worsened with the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study investigated the COVID-19 history and socioeconomic background of people who did not undergo on-time cervical cancer screening (CCS) during the two years of COVID-19-related restrictions in Japan.
Methods: We used data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey, a nationwide, internet-based, self-report, cohort observational study conducted in 2022. The outcome variable was identified by asking whether the respondent had undergone on-time CCS within the last two years. This study used multivariate log-binomial regression models to evaluate inequalities during regular checkups for CCS. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to incorporate socioeconomic background variables.
Results: Of 12,066 respondents, 6469 (53.6%) had yet to undergo CCS within two years. The prevalence ratio (PR) of on-time CCS was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.63–0.79) for those in their 20s and 0.78 (95%CI:0.70-0.87) for those in their 60s, compared to their 40s. Moreover, socioeconomic inequities were found in the following groups: unemployed/student, unmarried, high school graduate or lower, and household income below 4 million yen. PR of on-time CCS with a history of COVID-19, unvaccinated status, or fear of COVID-19 was not significantly different from that of respondents who underwent CCS. However, the PR of those who had not undergone on-time CCS was significantly lower than that of respondents who had undergone breast cancer screening (PR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.28–0.31).
Conclusion: the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities and CCS hesitancy was prevalent among the younger respondents. Our findings will help policymakers identify problems and strategies to improve CCS screening rates in Japan.
Outcomes Post Ozaki Procedure Among Children With Aortic Valve Disease at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: a Retrospective Descriptive Study
Authors: Kalezi Zawadi Edward , Simbila Alphonce Nsabi , Mongella Stella , Nkya Deogratias , Sharau Godwin , Shonyela Felix , Mlawi Vivienne , Majani Naizihijwa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Aortic valve reconstruction using glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium, also called Ozaki procedure, is a surgical procedure for patients with aortic valve disease. Gratifying results have been reported in adult patients, however, limited published data is available in paediatric population. This study looked at clinical characteristics and outcomes of children who underwent Ozaki procedure at our Institute.
METHODS
This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted on children who underwent aortic valve reconstruction at the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (JKCI) from January 2019 through December 2022. Medical records of these children were reviewed to extract data on demographics, clinical characteristics, redo surgical interventions and survival.
RESULTS
A total of 10 children underwent Ozaki procedure during the study period. Eight children had severe aortic regurgitation while 2 had severe aortic stenosis preoperatively. All children had either none or trivial aortic regurgitation immediately after surgery. None of them had redone operations throughout the follow-up period. There was no in-hospital mortality, however, one child died one year after surgery. The mean follow-up period was 1.6 years with the longest follow-up time of 4 years.
CONCLUSION
Ozaki procedure showed encouraging results among children with aortic valve disease who underwent surgical repair by this technique. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow up periods to evaluate long-term results in this population are recommended.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Bovine pooled milk and Close human contacts from Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Yesigat Haregua , Belete Mequanint Addisu , Bizuayehu Fanuel , Bayu Azeb , Demlie Tiliksew Bialfew , Tarekegn Habtamu Tassew 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen responsible for causing various human and animal infections, and it is well known for its ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study evaluated the occurrence of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in dairy farms in northwestern Ethiopia. We collected 50 pooled milk samples from 50 dairy farms and 50 nasal swabs from 50 humans in close contact with animals. The cefoxitin disk diffusion test and PCR-based assays were used to identify methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. In addition, cefoxitin-resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to other antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. MRSA was detected in 8 out of the 100 individual samples tested. Out of 8 MRSA isolates, 6 were obtained from pooled milk samples, and two were from personal hand swabs. On the other hand, MSSA isolates were detected in six of the specimens. All eight MRSA isolates exhibited high percentages of resistance to cefoxitin (100%), penicillin (100%), and tetracycline (75%). Moreover, 72% of isolates showed resistance to three or more antibiotic agents. This study was the first to document the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant MRSA in raw milk and farm workers in northwestern Ethiopia.
Short-term outcomes associated with the use of a new powered circular stapler for rectal reconstructions: A retrospective study comparing it to manual circular staplers using inverse probability of treatment weight analysis
Authors: Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Tajima Jesse Yu , Yokoi Ryoma , Kiyama Shigeru , Endo Masahide , Sato Yuta , Kuno Masashi , Hayashi Hirokatsu , Asai Ryuichi , Fukada Masahiro , Yasufuku Itaru , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Okumura Naoki , Murase Katsutoshi , Ishihara Takuma , Takahashi Takao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The most common postoperative complication in malignant rectal surgery is anastomotic leakage (AL). AL after anterior or low anterior resection in rectal tumors is a fatal postoperative complication. Recently, the first automated suture circular stapler, which is expected to reduce the incidence of AL, (J&J), the first automated suture stapler that is expected to reduce the incidence of AL.
Materials and methods
This study included a total of 248 rectal cancer patients who underwent double stapler technique anastomotic procedures in the department of gastroenterological surgery /pediatric surgery at Gifu University School of Medicine from January 2017 to December 2021. The experience of a single institution utilizing the The Echelon circular™ stapler (ECP stapler :Manual VS Automatic) in rectal surgery cases was evaluated retrospectively from maintained database.
Result
139 patients (58.4%) were performed by manual circular stapling, 99 patients (41.6%) by powerd circular stapling. Diverting stoma was performed in 45 cases (32.4%) by manual circular stapling, 99 patients (42.4%) by powerd circular stapling Postoperative complications were occurred clavien-dindo grade II or higher in 57 cases (23.9%) and grade III or higher in 20 cases (8.4%). Anastomotic leakage occurred in 14 patients (5.9%) within all grades. After inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), the variables of patient characteristics was standardized mean difference ≤ 0.2, and there was a significant difference in anastomotic leakage (Odds Ratio (OR), 0.57; 95% Confidence Interval(CI), 0.34–0.98; p = 0.041). In addition, there was no significant difference in postoperative complications of grade II or higher (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.65–1.19; p = 0.417), and complications of grade III or higher (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29–0.74; p = 0.001) were significantly and remarkably lower in the powered circular stapling group.
Conclusion
In this IPTW comparison of patients undergoing rectal reconstructions, the ECP trial cohort had lower risks of several surgical complications AL and statistically signifcant lower rates of ileus/bowel obstruction, infection, and bleeding as Clavien-Dindo ≥ grade II and III as compared with for whom manual circular staplers were used.
Structural studies of local environments in high-symmetry quasicrystals
Authors: Sosa Alan Rodrigo Mendoza , Kraemer Atahualpa S. , Oğuz Erdal C. , Schmiedeberg Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The statistics of how the local environment of a particle looks like, e.g., given by the distribution of nearest neighbor distances or the sizes of Voronoi cells, is important as a starting point for the calculation of many material properties like electronic or photonic band structures. Here we study local environments that occur in quasicrystals with large rotational symmetry. Both with analytical considerations based on geometric arguments and with an analysis of a large number of numerically created patches of high-symmetry quasicrystals we find that the Voronoi area's distribution reaches a bimodal curve and that in the limit of large rotational symmetries the distribution of nearest neighbor distance converges against a universal curve, where 27.7% of the vertices have their nearest neighbor at a normalized distance equal to 1, while for the other 72.3% the nearest neighbor is at a distance less than 1. Therefore, the statistics of local environments is non-trivial but independent of the specific rotational symmetry. Thus properties that only depend on local environments are expected to be universal for all high-symmetry quasicrystals.
Surgical management practice of pelvic organ prolapse among Ethiopian Gynecologists, 2021: a descriptive study
Authors: Ayichew Zelalem , Ayana Birhanu , Terefe Kiros , Berhe Solomon , Ayanaw Belayneh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Pelvic Organ Prolapse is the descent of one or more of the anterior vaginal wall, posterior vaginal wall, the uterus (cervix), or the apex of the vagina (vaginal vault or cuff scar after hysterectomy). Surgery improves both anatomic problems and the symptoms related to them. Prolapse surgery has been changing constantly over years. There are growing evidences supporting or against the existing options of surgical treatment as well as new emerging trends. Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in Ethiopia had evolved from abdominal hysterectomy to vaginal hysterectomy 30 years ago and was later supplemented with McCall’s culdoplasty. Related to the opening of Urogynecology centers in some institutions in the country, the surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse and the training level of gynecologists are not uniform nationally. This study is expected to identify the current practice of Ethiopian gynecologists in the surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse.
Objectives: This study was done to assess the surgical management practice of Ethiopian gynecologists on pelvic organ prolapse.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all Gynecologists in Ethiopia from January to June 2021. Data was collected using online Google forms using structured questionnaires prepared in English. Data were checked, coded, and entered into Epi info 7 and exported to SPSS version 22 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics was done.
Results: 280 Ethiopian gynecologists have responded to the study. Anterior colporrhaphy(98.6%), vaginal hysterectomy with McCall’s culdoplasty (51.8%), and Posterior colporrhaphy(97.5%) were the commonest surgical procedures performed for anterior vaginal wall prolapse, apical prolapse (uterine/cervical), and posterior vaginal wall prolapse respectively. Abdominal and vaginal paravaginal repair for anterior vaginal wall prolapse were performed only by 3.2% and 0.7% of the gynecologists respectively. Sacrospinous ligament fixation and sacrocolpopexy for apical prolapse were performed only by 32.9% and 9.3% of the gynecologists respectively. Site-specific posterior repair for posterior vaginal wall prolapse was performed only by 23.9% of the gynecologists. The reasons mentioned not to perform paravaginal repair, sacrocolpopexy, sacrospinous ligament fixation, and site-specific posterior repair were lack of skill and lack of appropriate materials.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Most Ethiopian gynecologists are still sticking to vaginal hysterectomy and colporrhaphy procedures for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse due to lack of skill and appropriate materials to perform the other procedures. Short term training on contemporary surgical treatment options and provision of appropriate materials could improve the standard of care of women with pelvic organ prolapse.
Building Gender-Specific Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Prediction Models Using CatBoost Algorithm and NHANES Data
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Peng Han , Zhang Xuan , Wang Lefeng , Ren Jingjing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aims
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant global public health challenge due to their high incidence rate and potential for severe consequences when early intervention is neglected. Research shows an upward trend in absolute cases and DALY numbers of STIs, with syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes exhibiting an increasing trend in age-standardized rate (ASR) from 2010 to 2019. Machine learning (ML) presents significant advantages in disease prediction, with several studies exploring its potential for STI prediction. The objective of this study is to build males-based and females-based STI risk prediction models based on the CatBoost algorithm using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for training and validation, with sub-group analysis performed on each STI. The female sub-group also includes human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.
Methods
The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program to build males-based and females-based STI risk prediction models using the CatBoost algorithm. Data was collected from 12,053 participants aged 18 to 59 years old, with general demographic characteristics and sexual behavior questionnaire responses included as features. The SMOTE algorithm was used to address data imbalance, and 15 machine learning algorithms were evaluated before ultimately selecting the CatBoost algorithm. The SHAP method was employed to enhance interpretability by identifying feature importance in the model's STIs risk prediction.
Results
The CatBoost classifier achieved AUC values of 0.7891, 0.6558, 0.6607, 0.6118 and 0.6932 for predicting chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, and overall STIs infections among males.The CatBoost classifier achieved AUC values of 0.7082, 0.647, 0.6767, 0.8459, 0.6929 and 0.7005 for predicting chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, HPV and overall STIs infections among females.
A quantitative evaluation method utilizing the homology concept to assess the state of chromatin within the nucleus of lung cancer
Authors: Yokoyama Yuhki , Kanayama Kazuki , Iida Kento , Onishi Masako , Nagatomo Tadasuke , Ito Mayu , Nagumo Sachiko , Kawahara Kunimitsu , Morii Eiichi , Nakane Kazuaki , Yamamoto Hirofumi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Homology is a mathematical tool to quantify "the contact degree", which can be expressed in terms of Betti numbers. The Betti numbers used in this study consisted of two numbers, b0 (a zero-dimensional Betti number) and b1 (a one-dimensional Betti number). We developed a chromatin homology profile (CHP) method to quantify the chromatin contact degree based on this mathematical tool. Using the CHP method we analyzed the number of holes (surrounded areas = b1 value) formed by the chromatin contact and calculated the maximum value of b1 (b1MAX), the value of b1 exceeding 5 for the first time or Homology Value (HV), and the chromatin density (b1MAX/ns2). We attempted to detect differences in chromatin patterns and differentiate histological types of lung cancer from respiratory cytology using these three features. The HV of cancer cells was significantly lower than that of non-cancerous cells. Furthermore, b1MAX and b1MAX/ns2 showed significant differences between small cell and non-small cell carcinomas and between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. We quantitatively analyzed the chromatin patterns using homology and showed that the CHP method may be a useful tool for differentiating histological types of lung cancer in respiratory cytology.
Maternal Education and its Association with Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes in Live Births Conceived Using Assisted Conception
Authors: Hobbs Cassie L. , Raker Christina , Jude Gabrielle , Eaton Jennifer L. , Wagner Stephen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
To examine the association between maternal education and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women who conceived using assisted conception (AC), which included fertility medications, intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilization.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the US Vital Statistics data set on national birth certificates from 2016–2020. Women with live, non-anomalous singletons who conceived using AC and had education status recorded were included. Patients were stratified into two groups: bachelor’s degree or higher, or less than a bachelor’s degree. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal adverse outcomes: intensive care unit (ICU) admission, unplanned hysterectomy, or blood transfusion. The secondary outcome was a composite of neonatal adverse outcomes: neonatal ICU admission, ventilator support, or seizure. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance adjusted for maternal age, race, marital status, prenatal care, smoking during pregnancy, neonatal sex, and birth year estimated the relative risk (RR) of outcomes with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
190,444 patients met the inclusion criteria: 142,943 had a bachelor’s degree or higher and 47,501 were without a bachelor’s degree. Composite maternal adverse outcomes were similar among patients with a bachelor’s degree (10.1 per 1,000 live births) and those without a bachelor’s degree (9.4 per 1,000 live births); ARR 1.05, 95% CI (0.94–1.17). However, composite adverse neonatal outcomes were significantly lower in women with a bachelor’s degree or higher (94.1 per 1,000 live births) compared to women without a bachelor’s degree higher (105.9 per 1,000 live births); ARR 0.91, 95% CI (0.88–0.94).
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that lower maternal education level was not associated with maternal adverse outcomes in patients who conceived using AC but was associated with increased rates of neonatal adverse outcomes. As access to infertility care increases, patients who conceive with AC may be counseled that education level is not associated with maternal morbidity. Further research into the association between maternal education level and neonatal morbidity is indicated.
Nonlinear dynamic modeling and global instability analyses of planetary gear trains considering multi-state engagement and tooth-contact temperature effect
Authors: Bai Xuezong , Qiu Hu-zi , Shi Jian-fei , Li De-wang , An Zong-wen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gear disengaging, back-side tooth contact or poor dynamic behavior during operating leads to dynamic instability in planetary gear trains (PGTs). A novel nonlinear dynamic model of PGTs with internal and external gear pairs considering multi-state engagement induced by backlash and contact ratio is established. An improved time-varying meshing stiffness model including temperature stiffness is analytically derived. The time-varying meshing stiffness with temperature effect, friction, backlash, time-varying pressure angle, and time-varying friction arm are integrated into the dynamic model of PGTs. Multi-state engaging behavior is efficiently identified by constructing different Poincaré mappings. A method to calculate dynamic instability is proposed in the time-domain trace. The intrinsic relationship between multi-state engaging and dynamic instability is investigated via multi-section bifurcation plots and phase trajectory topology. The global dynamic instability is revealed based on the bifurcation and evolution of coexistence behavior under the parameter-state synergy. The results show that the multi-state engagement is heavily depending on bifurcation and phase trajectory topology, which whereby affects the dynamic instability. Two special phenomena, complete and incomplete bifurcations, are discovered under parameter-state synergy. Complete bifurcation causes global instability and incomplete bifurcation results in local instability and yields coexistence responses. Incomplete bifurcation brings about new bifurcation branches.
Family caregiver's emotional concerns in advanced cancer: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Bahrami Mahnaz , Nasiri Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The process of caregiving for patients with advanced cancer poses a multitude of emotional concerns for family caregivers. The aim of this study was to explore the emotional concerns of family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer.
Methods: A qualitative approach was conducted through face-to-face and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 Iranian family caregivers in advanced cancer and 1 oncologist using purposive sampling. These interviews analyzed with conventional content analysis. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria of rigor were employed to ensure the trustworthiness of the study.
Results: The analysis of the data led to the formation of three main themes with 9 subthemes. The major themes emerged from family caregivers' experiences including (1) chaotic mentalities, (2) troubling interdependence, and (3) desperation emotions.
Conclusion: The family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer usually find themselves in an extremely delicate psychological state and are significantly impacted by their worries regarding the patient. Healthcare systems must ensure adequate support and care provision for them.
Quantum mechanisms for selective detection in complex gas mixtures with conductive sensors: analysis of the problem and new results
Authors: Kamarchuk G. , Pospelov A. , Kamarchuk L. , Belan V. , Herus A. , Savytskyi A. , Vakula V. , Harbuz D. , Gudimenko V. , Faulques E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider new quantum mechanisms for selective detection in complex gaseous media which provide the highest possible efficiency of quantum sensors. On the basis of these quantum mechanisms, the concepts of quantum detection and innovative methods of analysis are developed, which are virtually impossible to implement in the conventional conductive sensors and nanosensors. Examples of original solutions to problems in the field of detection and analysis of human breath using point-contact sensors are considered. A new method of analysis based on detection of metastable quantum states of the "point-contact sensor – breath" system in dynamic mode is proposed. The conductance histogram of dendritic Yanson point contacts recorded for this system is a unique energy signature of breath which allows differentiation between the states of human body. We demonstrate that nanosized Yanson point contacts, which, thanks to their quantum properties, can replace a massive spectrometer, open up wide opportunities for solving complex problems in the field of breath analysis using a new generation of portable high-tech quantum sensor devices.