bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) mediated green synthesis of copper nanoparticles and their application in anticancer activity
Authors: Dadhwal Pooja , Dhingra Harish Kumar , Dwivedi Vinay , Alarifi Saud , Kalasariya Haresh , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Patel Ashish 
Published: August 2023

Green synthesis of nanoparticles has drawn huge attention in the last decade due to their eco-friendly, biocompatible nature. Phyto-assisted synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is widespread in the field of nanomedicine, especially for antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Here in the present research work, investigators have used the stem extract of the Himalayan plant Hippophae rhamnoides L, for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The synthesized of CuNPs were analyzed by using sophisticated instruments, i.e., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The size of the synthesized CuNPs was varying from 38 nm to 94 nm which were mainly spherical in shape. Further, the potential of the synthesized CuNPs was evaluated as an anticancer agent on the Hela cell lines, by performing an MTT assay. In the MTT assay, a concentration-dependent activity of CuNPs demonstrated the lower cell viability at 100 μg/mL and IC50 value at 48 μg/mL of HeLa cancer cell lines. In addition to this, apoptosis activity was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, Annexin V, and Propidium iodide (PI) staining, wherein the maximum ROS production was at a dose of 100 µg per mL of CuNPs with a higher intensity of green fluorescence. In both DAPI and PI staining, maximum nuclear condensation was observed with 100 μg/mL of CuNPs against HeLa cell lines.
Measured sodium excretion is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in non-dialysis CKD patients: results from the KNOW-CKD study
Authors: Kang Seong Cheol , Kang Minjung , Ryu Hyunjin , Kim Seonmi , Kim Ji Hye , Kang Eunjeong , Jeong Yujin , Kim Jayoun , Kim Yong-Soo , Kim Soo Wan , Kim Yeong Hoon , Oh Kook-Hwan 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThere are insufficient studies on the effect of dietary salt intake on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and there is no consensus on the sodium (Na) intake level that increases the risk of CV disease in CKD patients. Therefore, we investigated the association between dietary salt intake and CV outcomes in CKD patients.MethodsIn the Korean cohort study for Outcome in patients with CKD (KNOW-CKD), 1,937 patients were eligible for the study, and their dietary Na intake was estimated using measured 24h urinary Na excretion. The primary outcome was a composite of CV events and/or all-cause death. The secondary outcome was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE).ResultsAmong 1,937 subjects, there were 205 (10.5%) events for the composite outcome and 110 (5.6%) events for MACE. Compared to the reference group (urinary Na excretion&lt; 2.0g/day), the group with the highest measured 24h urinary Na excretion (urinary Na excretion ≥ 8.0g/day) was associated with increased risk of both the composite outcome (hazard ratio 3.29 [95% confidence interval 1.00-10.81]; P = 0.049) and MACE (hazard ratio 6.28 [95% confidence interval 1.45-27.20]; P = 0.013) in a cause-specific hazard model. Subgroup analysis also showed a pronounced association between dietary salt intake and the composite outcome in subgroups of patients with abdominal obesity, female, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (&lt; 60 ml/min per 1.73m2), no overt proteinuria, or a lower urinary potassium-to-creatinine ratio (&lt; 46 mmol/g).ConclusionA high-salt diet is associated with CV outcomes in non-dialysis CKD patients.
Reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation: prime suspects in the pathophysiology of post-acute neuroCOVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Saucier Jacob , Comeau Dominique , Robichaud Gilles A. , Chamard-Witkowski Ludivine 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAs the repercussions from the COVID-19 pandemic continue to unfold, an ever-expanding body of evidence suggests that infection also elicits pathophysiological manifestations within the central nervous system (CNS), known as neurological symptoms of post-acute sequelae of COVID infection (NeuroPASC). Although the neurological impairments and repercussions associated with NeuroPASC have been well described in the literature, its etiology remains to be fully characterized.ObjectivesThis mini-review explores the current literature that elucidates various mechanisms underlining NeuroPASC, its players, and regulators, leading to persistent neuroinflammation of affected individuals. Specifically, we provide some insights into the various roles played by microglial and astroglial cell reactivity in NeuroPASC and how these cell subsets potentially contribute to neurological impairment in response to the direct or indirect mechanisms of CNS injury.DiscussionA better understanding of the mechanisms and biomarkers associated with this maladaptive neuroimmune response will thus provide better diagnostic strategies for NeuroPASC and reveal new potential mechanisms for therapeutic intervention. Altogether, the elucidation of NeuroPASC pathogenesis will improve patient outcomes and mitigate the socioeconomic burden of this syndrome.
Barriers and facilitators for healthcare providers to implement family-centered care in Parkinson's disease: a scoping review
Authors: Sun Wen-Jing , Peng Ye-Jie , Liang Yan 
Published: August 2023

AimsThis study aimed to identify and synthesize the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of family-centered care in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to provide a reference for evidence-based Parkinson's disease nursing practice.MethodsThis scoping review follows the methodology framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched. Barriers and facilitators were summarized based on the ecological family-centered model.ResultsThrough a comprehensive literature search, 35 studies were found for this scoping review. Barriers and facilitators to implementing family-centered care in PD included physiological factors, environmental factors, culturally based conflicts, living arrangements, education or skills training, group experiences, and individual and family consultations.ConclusionImplementing family-centered care in Parkinson's disease is essential to providing comprehensive care that improves outcomes for both PD patients and their family members.
Predictive factors for Alzheimer’s disease progression: a comprehensive retrospective analysis of 3,553 cases with 211 months follow-up
Authors: Özge Aynur , Ghouri Reza , Öksüz Nevra , Taşdelen Bahar 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThere is conflicting data regarding the predictors of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. The main objective of the study is to evaluate potential predictors of AD progression using a comprehensive follow-up dataset that includes functional/cognitive assessments, clinical and neuropsychiatric evaluations, and neuroimaging biomarkers such as hippocampal atrophy or white matter intensities (WMIs).MethodA total of 161 AD cases were recruited from a dementia database consisting of individuals who consulted the Dementia Outpatient Clinic of the Neurology Department at Mersin University Medical Faculty between 2000 and 2022, under the supervision of the same senior author have at least 3 full evaluation follow-up visit including functional, clinical, biochemical, neuropsychological, and radiological screening. Data were exported and analyzed by experts accordingly.ResultsMean follow-up duration of study sample was 71.66 ± 41.98, min 15 to max 211 months. The results showed a fast and slow progressive subgroup of our AD cases with a high sensitivity (Entropy = 0.836), with a close relationship with several cofactors and the level of disability upon admittance. Hippocampal atrophy and WMIs grading via Fazekas were found to be underestimated predictors of AD progression, and functional capacity upon admittance was also among the main stakeholders.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of evaluating multiple potential predictors for AD progression, including functional capacity upon admittance, hippocampal atrophy, and WMIs grading via Fazekas. Our findings provide insight into the complexity of AD progression and may contribute to the development of effective strategies for managing and treating AD.
Factors associated with the need of parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients after the initiation of enteral nutrition therapy
Authors: Lopez-Delgado Juan Carlos , Servia-Goixart Lluís , Grau-Carmona Teodoro , Bordeje-Laguna Luisa , Portugal-Rodriguez Esther , Lorencio-Cardenas Carolina , Vera-Artazcoz Paula , Macaya-Redin Laura , Martinez-Carmona Juan Francisco , Marin Corral Judith , Flordelís-Lasierra Jose Luis , Seron-Arbeloa Carlos , Alcazar-Espin Maravillas de las Nieves , Navas-Moya Elisabeth , Aldunate-Calvo Sara , Nieto Martino Beatriz , Martinez de Lagran Itziar 
Published: August 2023

Background and aimsDespite enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred route of nutrition in patients with critical illness, EN is not always able to provide optimal nutrient provision and parenteral nutrition (PN) is needed. This is strongly associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complications, a feature of gastrointestinal dysfunction and disease severity. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors associated with the need of PN after start of EN, together with the use and complications associated with EN.MethodsAdult patients admitted to 38 Spanish intensive care units (ICUs) between April and July 2018, who needed EN therapy were included in a prospective observational study. The characteristics of EN-treated patients and those who required PN after start EN were analyzed (i.e., clinical, laboratory and scores).ResultsOf a total of 443 patients, 43 (9.7%) received PN. One-third (29.3%) of patients presented GI complications, which were more frequent among those needing PN (26% vs. 60%, p = 0.001). No differences regarding mean energy and protein delivery were found between patients treated only with EN (n = 400) and those needing supplementary or total PN (n = 43). Abnormalities in lipid profile, blood proteins, and inflammatory markers, such as C-Reactive Protein, were shown in those patients needing PN. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) on ICU admission (Hazard ratio [HR]:1.161, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.053–1.281, p = 0.003) and modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score (HR:1.311, 95% CI:1.098–1.565, p = 0.003) were higher among those who needed PN. In the multivariate analysis, higher SOFA score (HR:1.221, 95% CI:1.057–1.410, p = 0.007) and higher triglyceride levels on ICU admission (HR:1.004, 95% CI:1.001–1.007, p = 0.003) were associated with an increased risk for the need of PN, whereas higher albumin levels on ICU admission (HR:0.424, 95% CI:0.210–0.687, p = 0.016) was associated with lower need of PN.ConclusionA higher SOFA and nutrition-related laboratory parameters on ICU admission may be associated with the need of PN after starting EN therapy. This may be related with a higher occurrence of GI complications, a feature of GI dysfunction.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03634943.
Pelvic PET/MR attenuation correction in the image space using deep learning
Authors: Abrahamsen Bendik Skarre , Knudtsen Ingerid Skjei , Eikenes Live , Bathen Tone Frost , Elschot Mattijs 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe five-class Dixon-based PET/MR attenuation correction (AC) model, which adds bone information to the four-class model by registering major bones from a bone atlas, has been shown to be error-prone. In this study, we introduce a novel method of accounting for bone in pelvic PET/MR AC by directly predicting the errors in the PET image space caused by the lack of bone in four-class Dixon-based attenuation correction.MethodsA convolutional neural network was trained to predict the four-class AC error map relative to CT-based attenuation correction. Dixon MR images and the four-class attenuation correction µ-map were used as input to the models. CT and PET/MR examinations for 22 patients ([18F]FDG) were used for training and validation, and 17 patients were used for testing (6 [18F]PSMA-1007 and 11 [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11). A quantitative analysis of PSMA uptake using voxel- and lesion-based error metrics was used to assess performance.ResultsIn the voxel-based analysis, the proposed model reduced the median root mean squared percentage error from 12.1% and 8.6% for the four- and five-class Dixon-based AC methods, respectively, to 6.2%. The median absolute percentage error in the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in bone lesions improved from 20.0% and 7.0% for four- and five-class Dixon-based AC methods to 3.8%.ConclusionThe proposed method reduces the voxel-based error and SUVmax errors in bone lesions when compared to the four- and five-class Dixon-based AC models.
Crescentic glomerulonephritis in children: short-term follow-up predicts long-term outcome
Authors: Zhang Pei , Yang Xiao , Gao Chun-lin , Wu Wei , Xia Zheng-kun 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundCrescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) is a relatively rare but severe condition in childhood with the clinical feature of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of CrGN in children.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data, renal pathological results, treatment, and outcome of 147 CrGN in two Chinese pediatric nephrology centers.ResultsAmong the 147 children, there were 22 cases of type I (15.0%), 69 cases of type II (46.9%), and 56 cases of type III (38.1%). The mean percentages of crescents in CrGN I, II, and III were 85.3%, 68.7%, and 73.6%, respectively. The children with type I CrGN presented with more severe clinical manifestations and pathological lesions. The 3-month cumulative renal survival rates of types I, II, and III CrGN were 66.3%, 93.6%, and 75.6%, respectively. The 1-year cumulative renal survival rates of types I, II, and III CrGN were 56.9%, 85.3%, and 73.1%, respectively, and the 5-year cumulative renal survival rates of types I, II, and III CrGN were 33.8%, 73.5%, and 47.1%, respectively. The Kappa Consistency Test between the 3-month and 1-year total renal survival (82.1% vs. 74.7%) of the children was 0.683 (P &lt; 0.001), and between the 1-year and 5-year total renal-free survival (78.3% vs. 69.1%) of the children was 0.476 (P &lt; 0.001). The Bowman's Capsule Rupture (BCR), crescent, interstitial inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) score were predictors of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) risk but BCR showed better predictive value for ESKD than interstitial inflammation score (P = 0.027) and IF/TA score (P = 0.047).ConclusionPatients with type I tended to have the worst renal survival rates. The three-month renal prognosis could partially reflect the 1-year renal prognosis, and the 1-year mortality rate could partially reflect the 5-year mortality rate of children with CrGN.
Impact of in-utero electronic cigarette exposure on neonatal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function
Authors: Archie Sabrina Rahman , Sifat Ali Ehsan , Mara David , Ahn Yeseul , Akter Khondker Ayesha , Zhang Yong , Cucullo Luca , Abbruscato Thomas J. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Despite the prevalence of the perception that electronic cigarettes (e-cig) are a safer alternative to tobacco smoke, growing concern about their potential toxic impact warrants adequate investigation focusing on special populations like maternal and pediatric groups. This study evaluated the consequences of maternal e-cig use on neonatal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in primary cultured neurons and postnatal day (PD) 7 and 90 brain.Methodology: Pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e‐cig vapor (2.4% nicotine) from gestational day 5 (E5) till PD7, and the primary neurons were isolated from pups at E16/17. Cellular total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide were measured in primary neurons using CM-H2DCFDA and Mitosox red, respectively. Mitochondrial function was assessed by Seahorse XF Cell Mitostress analysis. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was measured in primary neurons and PD7 and PD90 brains by RT-PCR and immunobead assay. Western blot analysis evaluated the expression of antioxidative markers (SOD-2, HO-1, NRF2, NQO1) and that of the proinflammatory modulator NF-κB.Results: Significantly higher level of total cellular ROS (p &lt; 0.05) and mitochondrial superoxide (p &lt; 0.01) was observed in prenatally e-cig-exposed primary neurons. We also observed significantly reduced antioxidative marker expression and increased proinflammatory modulator and cytokines expression in primary neurons and PD7 (p &lt; 0.05) but not in PD90 postnatal brain.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that prenatal e-cig exposure induces postnatal neuroinflammation by promoting oxidative stress (OS), increasing cytokines’ levels, and disrupting mitochondrial function. These damaging events can alter the fetal brain’s immune functions, making such offspring more vulnerable to brain insults.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of Azvudine in the prospective treatment of COVID-19 based on four phase III clinical trials
Authors: Zhu Ke-Wei 
Published: August 2023

Azvudine (FNC) is a synthetic nucleoside analog used to treat adult patients living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection with high viral load. After phosphorylation, Azvudine inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, leading to the discontinuation of RNA chain synthesis in viruses. In addition, Azvudine is the first dual-target nucleoside oral drug worldwide to simultaneously target reverse transcriptase and viral infectivity factors in the treatment of HIV infection. On 9 August 2022, Azvudine was incorporated into the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (version ninth) issued by the National Health Commission and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The recommended oral dose of Azvudine for the treatment of moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is 5 mg once daily, and the duration of Azvudine treatment should not exceed 14 days. Four phase III clinical trials were performed during 2020–2022 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Azvudine in the treatment of COVID-19. The results revealed that Azvudine could reduce nucleic acid-negative conversion time, viral load, and time to improvement in clinical conditions in patients with moderate COVID-19. In addition, Azvudine exhibited good safety and tolerance. Thereafter, Azvudine was incorporated into the Chinese guidelines and expert consensus for the treatment of COVID-19 and was highly approbated. Furthermore, Azvudine was also included in the Chinese guidelines for HIV infection.
Beam test, simulation, and performance evaluation of PbF2 and PWO-UF crystals with SiPM readout for a semi-homogeneous calorimeter prototype with longitudinal segmentation
Authors: Cantone C. , Carsi S. , Ceravolo S. , Di Meco E. , Diociaiuti E. , Frank I. , Kholodenko S. , Martellotti S. , Mirra M. , Monti-Guarnieri P. , Moulson M. , Paesani D. , Prest M. , Romagnoni M. , Sarra I. , Sgarbossa F. , Soldani M. , Vallazza E. 
Published: August 2023

Crilin (Crystal Calorimeter with Longitudinal Information) is a semi-homogeneous, longitudinally segmented electromagnetic calorimeter based on high-Z, ultra-fast crystals with UV-extended SiPM readout. The Crilin design has been proposed as a candidate solution for both a future Muon Collider barrel ECAL and for the Small Angle Calorimeter of the HIKE experiment. As a part of the Crilin development program, we have carried out beam tests of small (10 × 10 × 40 mm3) lead fluoride (PbF2) and ultra-fast lead tungstate (PbWO4, PWO-UF) crystals with 120 GeV electrons at the CERN SPS to study the light yield, timing response, and systematics of light collection with a proposed readout scheme. For a single crystal of PbF2, corresponding to a single Crilin cell, a time resolution of better than 25 ps is obtained for>3 GeV of deposited energy. For a single cell of PWO-UF, a time resolution of better than 45 ps is obtained for the same range of deposited energy. This timing performance fully satisfies the design requirements for the Muon Collider and HIKE experiments. Further optimizations of the readout scheme and crystal surface preparation are expected to bring further improvements.
Impact of drought on soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity
Authors: Qu Qing , Wang Zhen , Gan Quan , Liu Rentao , Xu Hongwei 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWith the continuous changes in climate patterns due to global warming, drought has become an important limiting factor in the development of terrestrial ecosystems. However, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of drought on soil microbial activity at a global scale is lacking.MethodsIn this study, we aimed to examine the effects of drought on soil microbial biomass (carbon [MBC], nitrogen [MBN], and phosphorus [MBP]) and enzyme activity (β-1, 4-glucosidase [BG]; β-D-cellobiosidase [CBH]; β-1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminidase [NAG]; L-leucine aminopeptidase [LAP]; and acid phosphatase [AP]). Additionally, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the degree to which these effects are regulated by vegetation type, drought intensity, drought duration, and mean annual temperature (MAT).Result and discussionOur results showed that drought significantly decreased the MBC, MBN, and MBP and the activity levels of BG and AP by 22.7%, 21.2%, 21.6%, 26.8%, and 16.1%, respectively. In terms of vegetation type, drought mainly affected the MBC and MBN in croplands and grasslands. Furthermore, the response ratio of BG, CBH, NAG, and LAP were negatively correlated with drought intensity, whereas MBN and MBP and the activity levels of BG and CBH were negatively correlated with drought duration. Additionally, the response ratio of BG and NAG were negatively correlated with MAT. In conclusion, drought significantly reduced soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity on a global scale. Our results highlight the strong impact of drought on soil microbial biomass and carbon- and phosphorus-acquiring enzyme activity.
The influence of insecure attachment on undergraduates’ jealousy: the mediating effect of self-differentiation
Authors: Deng Min , Tadesse Endale , Khalid Sabika , Zhang Weida , Song Junrong , Gao Chunhai 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundJealousy is a complex emotion and can be healthy or pathological, depending on the intensity and the degree of control. Excessive jealousy was characterized by anxiety, anger, and alienation in the insecure attachment relationship.ObjectiveTo explore how insecure attachment triggered this intense emotion, this study investigated the relationship between two insecure attachment dimensions and jealousy and explored the influence of self-differentiation on the relationship.MethodA total of 477 undergraduates participated in the study, and the Bringle self–report jealousy scale (BSJS), the relationship questionnaire (RQ), the intimate relationship experience questionnaire (ECR), and the revised edition of self–the differentiation questionnaire (DSR) were used.ResultThe results showed that: (1) attachment anxiety had a significant positive predictive effect on jealousy, but attachment avoidance had no significant positive predictive effect; (2) self-differentiation partially mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and jealousy, but it has no significant mediating effect between attachment avoidance and jealousy.ConclusionThe results suggest that attachment anxiety was correlated with jealousy because it strengthened the intensity of anxiety and anger toward their attachment figures and became out of control through a lower level of self-differentiation, which has important implications for clinical intervention.