bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic Postoperative Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis After Posterior Fossa Tumor Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Options
Authors: Shabo Ehab , Wach Johannes , Hamed Motaz , Güresir Ági , Weinhold Leonie , Vatter Hartmut , Güresir Erdem 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a known complication of posterior fossa surgery near the sigmoid and transverse sinus. The incidence and treatment of postoperative asymptomatic CVST are controversial.

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze incidence, risk factors, and management of asymptomatic postoperative CVST after posterior fossa tumor surgery.

METHODS:
In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all patients who underwent posterior fossa tumor surgery in the semisitting position between January 2013 and December 2020. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative imaging using MRI with/without additional computed tomography angiography. We analyzed the effect of demographic and surgical data on the incidence of postoperative CVST. Furthermore, therapeutic anticoagulation or conservative treatment for postoperative CVST and the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage were investigated.

RESULTS:
In total, 266 patients were included. Thirty-three of 266 (12.4%) patients developed postoperative CVST. All patients were asymptomatic. Thirteen of 33 patients received therapeutic anticoagulation, and 20 patients did not. Univariate analysis showed that age (P = .56), sex (P = .20), American Society of Anesthesiology status (P = .13), body mass index (P = .60), and length of surgery (P = .176) were not statistically correlated with postoperative CVST. Multivariate analysis revealed that meningioma (P < .001, odds ratio 11.3, CI 95% 4.1-31.2) and vestibular schwannoma (P = .013, odds ratio 4.4, CI 95% 1.3-16.3) are risk factors for the development of new postoperative CVST. The use of therapeutic anticoagulation to treat postoperative CVST was associated with a higher rate of intracranial hemorrhage (n = 4, P = .017).

CONCLUSION:
Tumor entity influences the incidence of postoperative CVST. In clinically asymptomatic patients, careful decision making is necessary whether to initiate therapeutic anticoagulation or not.
A hepatoprotective role of peritumoral non-parenchymal cells in early liver tumorigenesis
Authors: Tian Cheng , Li Liyuan , Fan Li , Brown Anthony , Norris Eric J. , Morrison Michelle , Glazer Evan S. , Zhu Liqin 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Various 3D models of hepatocytes (HCs) have been established to assess liver functions in vitro. The contribution of the hepatic non-parenchymal cells (NPCs), however, is largely neglected in these models. Here, we report a comparative study of hepatic spheroids generated from freshly isolated mouse whole liver cells (WLCs) and HCs (referred to as SphWLC and SphHC, respectively). We found that HC differentiation was preserved better in SphWLC than in SphHC, and, when co-cultured with liver tumor spheroids (SphT), SphWLC showed more potent suppression of SphT growth compared to SphHC. Histological characterization revealed marked activation and accumulation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) at the SphWLC:SphT interface. We found that mixing HSCs in both 3D and 2D HC:tumor co-cultures provided potent protection to HCs against tumor-induced cell death. Activation of HSCs at the tumor border was similarly found in liver tumors from both mice and patients. Overall, our study suggests a hepatoprotective role of peritumoral HSCs in liver tumorigenesis and the potential application of SphWLC as a useful 3D model for dissecting the liver's response to tumorigenesis in vitro.
Swip-1 promotes exocytosis of glue granules in the exocrineDrosophilasalivary gland
Authors: Lehne Franziska , Bogdan Sven 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTExocytosis is a fundamental cellular process by which cells secrete cargos from their apical membrane into the extracellular lumen. Cargo release proceeds in sequential steps that depend on coordinated assembly and organization of an actin cytoskeletal network. Here, we identified the conserved actin-crosslinking protein Swip-1 as a novel regulator controlling exocytosis of glue granules in the Drosophila salivary gland. Real-time imaging revealed that Swip-1 is simultaneously recruited with F-actin onto secreting granules in proximity to the apical membrane. We observed that Swip-1 is rapidly cleared at the point of secretory vesicle fusion and colocalizes with actomyosin network around the fused vesicles. Loss of Swip-1 function impairs secretory cargo expulsion, resulting in strongly delayed secretion. Thus, our results uncover a novel role of Swip-1 in secretory vesicle compression and expulsion of cargo during regulated exocytosis. Remarkably, this function neither requires Ca2+ binding nor dimerization of Swip-1. Our data rather suggest that Swip-1 regulates actomyosin activity upstream of Rho-GTPase signaling to drive proper vesicle membrane crumpling and expulsion of cargo.
Fast4DReg – fast registration of 4D microscopy datasets
Authors: Pylvänäinen Joanna W. , Laine Romain F. , Saraiva Bruno M. S. , Ghimire Sujan , Follain Gautier , Henriques Ricardo , Jacquemet Guillaume 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Unwanted sample drift is a common issue that plagues microscopy experiments, preventing accurate temporal visualization and quantification of biological processes. Although multiple methods and tools exist to correct images post acquisition, performing drift correction of three-dimensional (3D) videos using open-source solutions remains challenging and time consuming. Here, we present a new tool developed for ImageJ or Fiji called Fast4DReg that can quickly correct axial and lateral drift in 3D video-microscopy datasets. Fast4DReg works by creating intensity projections along multiple axes and estimating the drift between frames using two-dimensional cross-correlations. Using synthetic and acquired datasets, we demonstrate that Fast4DReg can perform better than other state-of-the-art open-source drift-correction tools and significantly outperforms them in speed. We also demonstrate that Fast4DReg can be used to register misaligned channels in 3D using either calibration slides or misaligned images directly. Altogether, Fast4DReg provides a quick and easy-to-use method to correct 3D imaging data before further visualization and analysis.
An 11-Step Synthesis of (+)-Neopeltolide by the Macrocyclization/Transannular Pyran Cyclization Strategy
Authors: Nakazato Kazuki , Oda Mami , Fuwa Haruhiko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Total synthesis of (+)-neopeltolide, a potent antiproliferative marine macrolide natural product, was accomplished in 11 steps from a commercially available inexpensive material. The 14-membered macrolactone skeleton embedded with a 2,6-cis-substituted tetrahydropyran ring was synthesized in an expedient fashion by our newly developed macrocyclization/transannular pyran cyclization strategy. A concise synthetic entry to the oxazole-containing side chain was developed by exploiting palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Total synthesis of (+)-9-epi-neopeltolide was also achieved in 12 steps by late-stage stereochemical diversification at the C9 position.
Enhanced Respiratory Frequency Response to Lower Limb Mechanoreceptors Activation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: ARANDA LILIANE C. , RIBEIRO INDYANARA C. , FREITAS TIAGO O. , DEGANI-COSTA LUIZA H. , DIAS DANIELLE S. , DE ANGELIS KATIA , PAIXÃO AILMA O. , BRUM PATRICIA C. , OLIVEIRA ACARY S. B. , VIANNA LAURO C. , NERY LUIZ E. , SILVA BRUNO M. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate the mechanoreflex control of respiration and circulation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods
Twenty-eight patients with moderate-to-severe COPD (mean ± SD: 67.0 ± 7.9 yr, 10 women) and 14 age- and sex-matched controls (67.9 ± 2.6 yr, 7 women) participated in the study. Their dominant knee was passively moved to stimulate mechanoreceptors, whereas vastus lateralis surface electrical activity checked active contractions. A differential pressure flowmeter, an electrocardiogram, and a servo-controlled finger photoplethysmograph acquired cardiorespiratory data. To gain insight into the mechanoreflex arc, we further analyzed reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio and mechanoreceptor-related gene expression in a vastus lateralis biopsy of additional nine patients (63.9 ± 8.1 yr, 33% women) and eight controls (62.9 ± 9.1 yr, 38% women).

Results
Patients with COPD had a greater peak respiratory frequency response (COPD: Δ = 3.2 ± 2.3 vs Controls: 1.8 ± 1.2 cycles per minute, P = 0.036) and a smaller peak tidal volume response to passive knee movement than controls. Ventilation, heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output peak responses, and total peripheral resistance nadir response, were unaltered by COPD. In addition, patients had a diminished glutathione ratio (COPD: 13.3 ± 3.8 vs controls: 20.0 ± 5.5 a.u., P = 0.015) and an augmented brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression (COPD: 2.0 ± 0.7 vs controls: 1.1 ± 0.4 a.u., P = 0.002) than controls. Prostaglandin E receptor 4, cyclooxygenase 2, and Piezo1 expression were similar between groups.

Conclusions
Respiratory frequency response to mechanoreceptors activation is increased in patients with COPD. This abnormality is possibly linked to glutathione redox imbalance and augmented brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression within locomotor muscles, which could increase mechanically sensitive afferents’ stimulation and sensitivity.
Inhibition of Motor Planning and Response Selection after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: SHERMAN DAVID A. , BAUMEISTER JOCHEN , STOCK MATT S. , MURRAY AMANDA M. , BAZETT-JONES DAVID M. , NORTE GRANT E. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare cortical motor planning activity during response selection and motor execution processes between individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and uninjured controls during a reaction time and response selection task.

Methods
Individuals with ACLR (n = 20) and controls (n = 20) performed a lateralized choice reaction time (e.g., Go/NoGo) task. Electrocortical activity and reaction time were recorded concurrently using electroencephalography and inertial measurement units. Separate stimulus locked and response-locked event-related potentials were computed for each limb. The lateralized readiness potential (LRP) was computed as the interhemispheric differences between waveforms and the mean LRP area and onset latency were recorded. Active motor threshold was determined using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Differences between groups (ACLR vs control) and limbs (involved vs uninvolved) and the associations between LRP characteristics and response performance (number of errors) were assessed.

Results
Participants with ACLR have had smaller LRP area during periods of response selection (P = 0.043, d = 0.4) and motor execution (P = 0.015, d = 0.5) and committed more errors in both Go (P < 0.001, d = 0.8) and NoGo (P = 0.032, d = 0.5) response conditions. There were no differences in latency of response selection or motor execution. Participants with ACLR had higher active motor thresholds (P < 0.001, d = 1.3) than controls, which was weakly associated with smaller LRP areas (r = 0.32–0.42, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The ACLR group demonstrated greater motor planning and response inhibition during a choice reaction time task. More errant performance also suggests poorer decision making in the presence of a “speed-accuracy” trade-off. Key features of the sample, including lower corticospinal excitability, lend support to an interpretation of widespread cortical inhibition contributing to impairments in response selection and motor execution.
Weaker Quadriceps Corticomuscular Coherence in Individuals Following ACL Reconstruction during Force Tracing
Authors: Sherman David A. , Baumeister Jochen , Stock Matt S. , Murray Amanda M. , Bazett-Jones David M. , Norte Grant E. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To compare quadriceps corticomuscular coherence (CMC) and force steadiness between individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and uninjured controls during a force tracing task.

Methods
Individuals with ACLR (n = 20) and controls (n = 20) performed a knee extension force-control task at 50% of maximal voluntary effort. Electrocortical activity, electromyographic activity, and torque output were recorded concurrently. Corticomuscular coherence in beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (31-80 Hz) frequency bands was assessed using partial directed coherence between the contralateral motor cortex (e.g., C4-C2-Cz electrodes) and ipsilateral quadriceps muscles (e.g., left vastus medialis and lateralis). Force steadiness was quantified using root mean square error and coefficient of variation. Active motor threshold was determined using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Differences between groups (ACLR v. control) and limbs (involved v. uninvolved) were assessed using peak knee extension strength and active motor threshold as a priori co-variates.

Results
Participants with ACLR had lower gamma band connectivity bilaterally when compared to controls (vastus medialis: d = 0.8; vastus lateralis: d = 0.7). Further, the ACLR group demonstrated worse quadriceps force steadiness (root mean square error, d = 0.5), lower involved limb quadriceps strength (d = 1.1), and higher active motor threshold (d = 1.0) compared to controls.

Conclusions
Lower quadriceps gamma band CMC in the ACLR group suggests lower cortical drive (e.g., corticomotor decoupling) to the quadriceps compared to matched controls. Further, the ACLR group demonstrated worse quadriceps force steadiness suggesting impaired ability to modulate quadriceps neuromuscular control. Notably, CMC differences were present only in the gamma frequency band, suggesting impairments may be specific to multisensory integration and force modulation.
Persons with Patellar Tendinopathy Exhibit Greater Patellar Tendon Stress during a Single-Leg Landing Task
Authors: PARK KYUNGMI , KEYAK JOYCE H. , KULIG KORNELIA , POWERS CHRISTOPHER M. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to compare peak maximum principal stress in the patellar tendon between persons with and without patellar tendinopathy during a simulated single-leg landing task. A secondary purpose was to determine the biomechanical predictor(s) of peak maximum principal stress in the patellar tendon.

Methods
Using finite element (FE) modeling, patellar tendon stress profiles of 28 individuals (14 with patellar tendinopathy and 14 pain-free controls) were created at the time of the peak knee extensor moment during single-leg landing. Input parameters to the FE model included subject-specific knee joint geometry and kinematics, and quadriceps muscle forces. Independent t-tests were used to compare the peak maximum principal stress in the patellar tendon and biomechanical variables used as input variables to the FE model (knee flexion, knee rotation in the frontal and transverse planes and the peak knee extensor moment) between groups. A stepwise regression model was used to determine the biomechanical predictor(s) of peak maximum principal stress in the patellar tendon for both groups combined.

Results
Compared with the control group, persons with patellar tendinopathy exhibited greater peak maximum principal stress in the patellar tendon (77.4 ± 25.0 vs 60.6 ± 13.6 MPa, P = 0.04) and greater tibiofemoral joint internal rotation (4.6° ± 4.6° vs 1.1° ± 4.2°, P = 0.04). Transverse plane rotation of the tibiofemoral joint was the best predictor of peak maximum principal stress in the patellar tendon (r = 0.51, P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Persons with patellar tendinopathy exhibit greater peak patellar tendon stress compared with pain-free individuals during single-leg landing. The magnitude of peak patellar tendon stress seems to be influenced by the amount of tibiofemoral rotation in the transverse plane.
Neutrophil Depletion Attenuates Acute Liver Stress after Exhaustive Exercise in Mice
Authors: MIZOKAMI TSUBASA , SUZUKI KATSUHIKO 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Exhaustive exercise induces acute liver stress; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
We investigated the effects of neutrophil depletion in male C57BL/6J mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: sedentary with control antibody (n = 20), sedentary with antineutrophil antibody (n = 20), exhaustive exercise with control antibody (n = 20), and exhaustive exercise with antineutrophil antibody (n = 20). Antineutrophil antibodies (1A8) or control antibodies were administered intraperitoneally before running on a treadmill. Immediately and at 24 h after running to exhaustion on a treadmill at a 7% gradient and a speed of 24 m·min−1, blood neutrophil counts were measured by flow cytometry. Plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also measured. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was performed to calculate the liver stress score, and hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Exercise increased blood neutrophil and neutrophil infiltration into the liver. Plasma AST and ALT activities were significantly higher immediately after exhaustive exercise than after sedentary control (AST, sedentary with control antibody: 52.2 ± 0.4, exhaustive exercise with control antibody: 210.0 ± 19.8; ALT, sedentary with control antibody: 29.8 ± 2.2, exhaustive exercise with control antibody: 87.2 ± 15.8). However, AST and ALT activities were significantly decreased with the 1A8 antibody (AST, 102.2 ± 12.9; ALT, 39.2 ± 4.0). In addition, the liver stress score increased after exercise but was significantly reduced by prior 1A8 antibody administration. The 1A8 antibody treatment also decreased hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α levels after exhaustive exercise.

Conclusions
These results suggested that neutrophils play a critical role in increasing liver stress by regulating inflammation.
Motor Unit Discharge Characteristics and Conduction Velocity of the Vastii Muscles in Long-Term Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: ŠKARABOT JAKOB , FOLLAND JONATHAN P. , FORSYTH JULES , VAZOUKIS APOSTOLOS , HOLOBAR ALEŠ , DEL VECCHIO ALESSANDRO 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Adjustments in motor unit (MU) discharge properties have been shown after short-term resistance training; however, MU adaptations in long-term resistance-trained (RT) individuals are less clear. Here, we concurrently assessed MU discharge characteristics and MU conduction velocity in long-term RT and untrained (UT) men.

Methods
Motor unit discharge characteristics (discharge rate, recruitment, and derecruitment threshold) and MU conduction velocity were assessed after the decomposition of high-density electromyograms recorded from vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) of RT (>3 yr; n = 14) and UT (n = 13) during submaximal and maximal isometric knee extension.

Results
Resistance-trained men were on average 42% stronger (maximal voluntary force [MVF], 976.7 ± 85.4 N vs 685.5 ± 123.1 N; P < 0.0001), but exhibited similar relative MU recruitment (VL, 21.3% ± 4.3% vs 21.0% ± 2.3% MVF; VM, 24.5% ± 4.2% vs 22.7% ± 5.3% MVF) and derecruitment thresholds (VL, 20.3% ± 4.3% vs 19.8% ± 2.9% MVF; VM, 24.2% ± 4.8% vs 22.9% ± 3.7% MVF; P ≥ 0.4543). There were also no differences between groups in MU discharge rate at recruitment and derecruitment or at the plateau phase of submaximal contractions (VL, 10.6 ± 1.2 pps vs 10.3 ± 1.5 pps; VM, 10.7 ± 1.6 pps vs 10.8 ± 1.7 pps; P ≥ 0.3028). During maximal contractions of a subsample population (10 RT, 9 UT), MU discharge rate was also similar in RT compared with UT (VL, 21.1 ± 4.1 pps vs 14.0 ± 4.5 pps; VM, 19.5 ± 5.0 pps vs 17.0 ± 6.3 pps; P = 0.7173). Motor unit conduction velocity was greater in RT compared with UT individuals in both VL (4.9 ± 0.5 m·s−1 vs 4.5 ± 0.3 m·s−1; P < 0.0013) and VM (4.8 ± 0.5 m·s−1 vs 4.4 ± 0.3 m·s−1; P < 0.0073).

Conclusions
Resistance-trained and UT men display similar MU discharge characteristics in the knee extensor muscles during maximal and submaximal contractions. The between-group strength difference is likely explained by superior muscle morphology of RT as suggested by greater MU conduction velocity.
Transitioning to Barefoot Running Using a Minimalist Shoe Intermediary: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: MILLS KATHRYN , COLLINS NATALIE J. , VICENZINO BILL 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The objectives of this study are, first, to investigate the probability of runners successfully transitioning from running in a traditional shoe to barefoot. Second, to identify prognostic indicators of failure of transition to barefoot running.

Methods
Over 20 wk, 76 healthy runners (female, 40; age, 35.04 yr [SD, 8.9 yr]; body weight, 69.9 kg [SD 13.4 kg]) attempted to transition from running in traditional shoes to running barefoot. A minimalist shoe was used as an intermediary. Participants ran for 4 wk exclusively in provided traditional shoes followed by 4 wk of transitioning to minimalist shoes. This process was repeated to transition to barefoot running. Participants were followed up until they withdrew from the study or successfully transitioned to running barefoot. A survival analysis examined the weeks of successful transition. Along with sex and age, baseline measures of traditional shoe overall comfort, footstrike pattern, midfoot width mobility and plantar foot pressure pain threshold were examined as prognostic variables for failure to transition using Cox regression.

Results
The cumulative probability of successful transition to running barefoot was 70.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61%–83%). The primary footwear-related reason for withdrawal was pain, primarily in the foot (n = 7), two runners had confirmed injuries. Runners exhibiting a rearfoot strike pattern and higher midfoot width mobility were more likely to fail to transition (hazard ratios [HR], 4.02; 95% CI, 1.33–12.16 and HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05–1.42).

Conclusions
Most runners who wish to run barefoot will be able to transition. Our study indicates that there may be biomechanical and anatomical characteristics that are prognostic of failing to transition when using a 20-wk transition period and an intermediary minimalist shoe. Whether a different transition process increases the probability of a success remains to be seen.