bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change, Human Displacement, and STEM Education: Toward a More Transdisciplinary and Inclusive Culture of Science
Authors: Schwarz Jodi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this chapter I discuss opportunities for undergraduate education to support STEM scholars and students in centering social justice so that science can more meaningfully address global challenges such as the forced migration of people living in regions on the front lines of climate change. Traditional academic training structures in the STEM fields pose challenges for broadening STEM, so I suggest ideas for academic experiences that incorporate human dimensions into science education. As an example, the Grand Challenges program at Vassar College is an initiative that supports students and faculty in developing perspectives and skills that transcend traditional disciplines and in building community to meet global grand challenges, such as climate change. By creating pathways for students, faculty, and staff to form communities of practice, the Grand Challenges program examines the culture and practice of STEM fields and seeks to cultivate an Inclusive Excellence framework in which science can excel only when its practitioners bring diverse perspectives, lived experiences, knowledges, and skills to solving global challenges.
Learning at the Borders: How an Experiential Learning Course in Bern, Switzerland, Transformed Undergraduate Learning About Memory, Mental Health, and Displacement
Authors: Brown Adam D. , Elias Alexa L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMigration journeys, especially in the context of forced migration, are often associated with exposure to high levels of stress, adversity, and unstable conditions. Displacement from one’s home often significantly affects one’s sense of self-identity and life story, and is accompanied by a rupture from many of those things—materials, spaces, relationships—that provide perspective, insights, and a sense of self-continuity. In addition to objects and spaces, self-identities are also constructed from cognitive processes, which give rise to internal representations and beliefs of where we come from, who we are today, and where we might be going in the future. These representations emerge in part from memories accumulated throughout one’s life.
Refugees and Forced Migration: An Engaged Humanities Course in French and Francophone Studies
Authors: Krause Virginia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter recounts the development of a community-engaged course on refugees and displacement with a broad Humanities orientation offered in the Department of French and Francophone Studies at Brown University. It relates the overall structure of the course as well as the forging of a partnership with Women’s Refugee Care, an NGO supporting refugees from Central Africa living in Providence. Finally, the chapter explores the connections between the literary and theoretical texts on the course syllabus and the projects that students undertook in collaboration with the Women’s Refugee Care community.
Sensitivity of the FACET experiment to Heavy Neutral Leptons and Dark Scalars
Authors: Ovchynnikov Maksym , Kryshtal Viktor , Bondarenko Kyrylo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We analyze the potential of the recently proposed experiment FACET (Forward-Aperture CMS ExTension) to search for new physics. As an example, we consider the models of Higgs-like scalars with cubic and quartic interactions and Heavy Neutral Leptons. We compare the sensitivity of FACET with that of other proposed “intensity frontier” experiments, including FASER2, SHiP, etc. and demonstrate that FACET could probe an interesting parameter space between the current constraints and the potential reach of the above mentioned proposals.
Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in Alzheimer’s disease: role of tryptophan metabolites generated by gut host-microbiota
Authors: Salminen Antero 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gut microbiota in interaction with intestinal host tissues influences many brain functions and microbial dysbiosis has been linked with brain disorders, such as neuropsychiatric conditions and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). l-tryptophan metabolites and short-chained fatty acids (SCFA) are major messengers in the microbiota-brain axis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) are main targets of tryptophan metabolites in brain microvessels which possess an enriched expression of AhR protein. The Ah receptor is an evolutionarily conserved, ligand-activated transcription factor which is not only a sensor of xenobiotic toxins but also a pleiotropic regulator of both developmental processes and age-related tissue degeneration. Major microbiota-produced tryptophan metabolites involve indole derivatives, e.g., indole 3-pyruvic acid, indole 3-acetaldehyde, and indoxyl sulfate, whereas indoleamine and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases (IDO/TDO) of intestine host cells activate the kynurenine (KYN) pathway generating KYN metabolites, many of which are activators of AhR signaling. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the serum level of indoxyl sulfate which promotes AD pathogenesis, e.g., it disrupts integrity of blood–brain barrier (BBB) and impairs cognitive functions. Activation of AhR signaling disturbs vascular homeostasis in brain; (i) it controls blood flow via the renin-angiotensin system, (ii) it inactivates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thus impairing NO production and vasodilatation, and (iii) it induces oxidative stress, stimulates inflammation, promotes cellular senescence, and enhances calcification of vascular walls. All these alterations are evident in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in AD pathology. Moreover, AhR signaling can disturb circadian regulation and probably affect glymphatic flow. It seems plausible that dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs the integrity of BBB via the activation of AhR signaling and thus aggravates AD pathology.

Key messages

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

Tryptophan metabolites are major messengers from the gut host-microbiota to brain.

Tryptophan metabolites activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in brain.

The expression of AhR protein is enriched in brain microvessels and blood-brain barrier.

Tryptophan metabolites disturb brain vascular integrity via AhR signaling.

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes inflammation and AD pathology via AhR signaling.
Area disadvantage and mental health over the life course: a 69-year prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Bakolis Ioannis , Murray Emily T. , Hardy Rebecca , Hatch Stephani L. , Richards Marcus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Existing evidence on the mental health consequences of disadvantaged areas uses cross-sectional or longitudinal studies with short observation periods. The objective of this research was to investigate this association over a 69-year period.

Methods
Data were obtained from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD; the British 1946 birth cohort), which consisted of 2125 participants at 69 years. We assessed longitudinal associations between area disadvantage and mental health symptoms at adolescence and adulthood with use of multilevel modelling framework.

Results
After adjustment for father’s social class, for each one percentage increase in area disadvantage at age 4, there was a 0.02 (95% CI 0.001, 0.04) mean increase in the total score of the neuroticism scale at age 13–15. After adjustment for father’s social class, adult socio-economic position, cognitive ability and educational attainment, a one percentage increase in change score of area disadvantage between age 4 and 26 was associated with a mean increase in the total Psychiatric Symptom Frequency score (MD 0.06; 95% CI 0.007, 0.11). Similar associations were observed with change scores between ages 4, 53, 60 and total General Health Questionnaire-28 score at age 53 (MD 0.05; 95% CI 0.01, 0.11) and 60–64 (MD 0.06; 95% CI 0.009, 0.11).

Conclusions
Cohort members who experienced increasing area disadvantage from childhood were at increased risk of poor mental health over the life course. Population-wide interventions aiming at improving social and physical aspects of the early neighbourhood environment could reduce the socio-economic burden of poor mental health.
A blended face-to-face and smartphone intervention to improve suicide prevention literacy and help-seeking intentions among construction workers: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: King Tania L. , Fleitas Alfonzo Ludmila , Batterham Philip , Mackinnon Andrew , Lockwood Chris , Harvey Samuel , Kelly Brian , Lingard Helen , Cox Laura , LaMontagne Tony D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In Australia and elsewhere, suicide rates among construction workers remain high. Construction workplaces are thus an important setting for targeted suicide prevention programs. This study aimed to compare suicide prevention literacy and help-seeking intentions among participants receiving face-to-face suicide prevention training, with those receiving face-to-face training augmented by a smartphone application.

Methods
A two-arm randomised controlled trial of a smartphone suicide prevention intervention was conducted among construction workers in four Australian states (trial registration number: ACTRN12619000625178). All participants received face-to-face training and were randomised to the control condition (face-to-face only, n = 575), or MATESmobile condition (face-to-face + smartphone application,n = 509). Surveys administered at baseline and 3-month follow-up measured suicide prevention literacy and help-seeking intentions for personal/emotional problems and suicidal thoughts. A mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis included all 1084 randomised participants.

Results
Outcomes did not differ significantly for suicide prevention literacy, nor help-seeking intentions from formal sources, informal sources outside the workplace, or no one (did not intend to seek help from anyone). However, relative to those in the control condition, those in the MATESmobile group showed greater increase in help-seeking intentions for emotional problems from a MATES worker/Connector (mean difference 0.54, 95% CI 0.22–0.87) and help-seeking intentions for suicidal thoughts from a workmate (mean difference 0.47, 95% CI 0.10–0.83) or MATES worker/Connector (mean difference 0.47, 95% CI 0.09–0.85).

Conclusion
Results indicate that the MATESmobile application, together with face-to-face training, is beneficial in enhancing help-seeking intentions from MATES workers/Connectors and workmates to a greater extent than face-to-face training only. While this research provides some evidence that smartphone applications may support suicide prevention training, further research is needed.
Lights and GDP relationship: What does the computer tell us?
Authors: Phan Diep Hoang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe relationship between nighttime lights and GDP varies from country to country. However, which factors drive variations in the lights–GDP relationship across countries remains unclear. This paper examines the significance of approximately 600 potential drivers of uncertainty in the relationship between night lights and GDP worldwide. I employ three novel modern statistical techniques to select variables within a high-dimensional context: LASSO, minimax concave penalty, and spike-and-slab regression. Institutional quality emerges as the most important factor in explaining the difference between luminosity data and GDP across countries.
Metastability of the Potts Ferromagnet on Random Regular Graphs
Authors: Coja-Oghlan Amin , Galanis Andreas , Goldberg Leslie Ann , Ravelomanana Jean Bernoulli , Štefankovič Daniel , Vigoda Eric 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study the performance of Markov chains for theq-state ferromagnetic Potts model on random regular graphs. While the cases of the grid and the complete graph are by now well-understood, the case of random regular graphs has resisted a detailed analysis and, in fact, even analysing the properties of the Potts distribution has remained elusive. It is conjectured that the performance of Markov chains is dictated by metastability phenomena, i.e., the presence of “phases” (clusters) in the sample space where Markov chains with local update rules, such as the Glauber dynamics, are bound to take exponential time to escape, and therefore cause slow mixing. The phases that are believed to drive these metastability phenomena in the case of the Potts model emerge as local, rather than global, maxima of the so-called Bethe functional, and previous approaches of analysing these phases based on optimisation arguments fall short of the task. Our first contribution is to detail the emergence of the two relevant phases for theq-state Potts model on thed-regular random graph for all integers$$q,d\ge 3$$q,d≥3, and establish that for an interval of temperatures, delineated by the uniqueness and a broadcasting threshold on thed-regular tree, the two phases coexist (as possible metastable states). The proofs are based on a conceptual connection between spatial properties and the structure of the Potts distribution on the random regular graph, rather than complicated moment calculations. This significantly refines earlier results by Helmuth, Jenssen, and Perkins who had established phase coexistence for a small interval around the so-called ordered-disordered threshold (via different arguments) that applied for largeqand$$d\ge 5$$d≥5. Based on our new structural understanding of the model, our second contribution is to obtain metastability results for two classical Markov chains for the Potts model. We first complement recent fast mixing results for Glauber dynamics by Blanca and Gheissari below the uniqueness threshold, by showing an exponential lower bound on the mixing time above the uniqueness threshold. Then, we obtain tight results even for the non-local and more elaborate Swendsen–Wang chain, where we establish slow mixing/metastability for the whole interval of temperatures where the chain is conjectured to mix slowly on the random regular graph. The key is to bound the conductance of the chains using a random graph “planting” argument combined with delicate bounds on random-graph percolation.
Lacertus syndrome: a ten year analysis of two hundred and seventy five minimally invasive surgical decompressions of median nerve entrapment at the elbow
Authors: Hagert Elisabet , Jedeskog Ulrika , Hagert Carl-Göran , Marín Fermín Theodorakys 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to assess the clinical presentation and surgical outcomes of lacertus syndrome (LS) and concomitant median nerve entrapments.

Methods
A retrospective study of prospectively collected data was conducted on patients undergoing lacertus release (LR) from June 2012 to June 2021. Available DASH (Disability of the Arm Shoulder Hand questionnaire) scores and post-operative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain, numbness, subjective satisfaction with surgical outcome, and intra-operative return of strength were analyzed.

Results
Two-hundred-seventy-five surgical cases were identified of which 205 cases (74.5%) underwent isolated LR, and 69 cases (25.1%) concomitant lacertus and carpal tunnel release. The three most common presenting symptoms in LS patients were loss of hand strength (95.6%), loss of hand endurance/fatigue (73.3%), and forearm pain (35.4%). Numbness in the median nerve territory of the hand was found in all patients with combined LS and carpal tunnel syndrome. Quick-DASH significantly improved (pre-operative 34.4 (range 2.3–84.1) to post-operative 12.4 (range 0–62.5), p < 0.0001) as did work and activity DASH (p < 0.0001). The postoperative VAS scores were pain VAS 1.9 and numbness VAS 1.8. Eighty-eight percent of patients reported good/excellent satisfaction with the surgical outcome. Intra-operative return of strength was verified in 99.2% of cases.

Conclusion
LS is a common median nerve compression syndrome typically presenting with loss of hand strength and hand endurance/fatigue. Minimally invasive LR immediately restores hand strength, significantly improves DASH scores, and yields positive outcomes regarding VAS pain, numbness, and subjective satisfaction with surgery in patients with proximal median nerve entrapment at a minimum six month follow-up.
Parsimony and the rank of a flattening matrix
Authors: Snyman Jandre , Fox Colin , Bryant David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe standard models of sequence evolution on a tree determine probabilities for every character or site pattern. A flattening is an arrangement of these probabilities into a matrix, with rows corresponding to all possible site patterns for one setAof taxa and columns corresponding to all site patterns for another setBof taxa. Flattenings have been used to prove difficult results relating to phylogenetic invariants and consistency and also form the basis of several methods of phylogenetic inference. We prove that the rank of the flattening equals$$r^{\nu _T(A|B)}$$rνT(A|B), whereris the number of states and$$\nu _T(A|B)$$νT(A|B)is the minimum size of a vertex cut separatingAfromB. WhenTis binary the rank of the flattening equals$$r^{\ell _T(A|B)}$$rℓT(A|B)where$$\ell _T(A|B)$$ℓT(A|B)equals the parsimony length of the binary character separatingAandB. We provide a direct proof that requires little more than undergraduate algebra, but note that the formula could also be derived from work by Casanellas and Fernández-Sánchez (2011) on phylogenetic invariants.
Centre-free kurtosis orderings for asymmetric distributions
Authors: Eberl Andreas , Klar Bernhard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe concept of kurtosis is used to describe and compare theoretical and empirical distributions in a multitude of applications. In this connection, it is commonly applied to asymmetric distributions. However, there is no rigorous mathematical foundation establishing what is meant by kurtosis of an asymmetric distribution and what is required to measure it properly. All corresponding proposals in the literature centre the comparison with respect to kurtosis around some measure of central location. Since this either disregards critical amounts of information or is too restrictive, we instead revisit a canonical approach that has barely received any attention in the literature. It reveals the non-transitivity of kurtosis orderings due to an intrinsic entanglement of kurtosis and skewness as the underlying problem. This is circumvented by restricting attention to sets of distributions with equal skewness, on which the proposed kurtosis ordering is shown to be transitive. Moreover, we introduce a functional that preserves this order for arbitrary asymmetric distributions. As application, we examine the families of Weibull and sinh-arcsinh distributions and show that the latter family exhibits a skewness-invariant kurtosis behaviour.
A systematic review of the association between parastomal hernia and sarcopenia
Authors: Schutte Grant , Patton Declan , Moore Zena , McNamara Deborah , O’Connor Tom , Nugent Linda , Avsar Pinar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial loss of muscle mass that can complicate surgical outcomes and increase morbidity and mortality. Parastomal hernias can occur after any surgery requiring stoma formation and is an area of concern as a complication as it can require a second surgery or emergency surgical intervention.

Aim
To assess the impact of sarcopenia on parastomal hernia formation in the postoperative period.

Method
A systematic search of publications using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases was conducted in June 2022. Data were extracted, and a narrative synthesis was undertaken. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) assessed the quality of the included studies. The systematic review included original research studies, prospective and retrospective designs, and human studies written in English. Reviews, conference papers, opinion papers, and those including participants < 18 years old were excluded. No restrictions on the date of publication and study setting were applied.

Results
Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, and these were conducted between 2016 and 2021; 56% (n = 5) used a retrospective study design. The mean sample size was 242.5 participants (SD = ±358.6). No consistent or standardized way of defining sarcopenia or measuring muscle mass was seen between the studies reviewed. However, 45% (n = 4) of the studies reported a significant relationship between sarcopenia and wound healing complications, including an increased incidence of parastomal and incisional hernias. The average CCAT score was 27.56 (SD = ±4.39).

Conclusion
There is no definitive relationship between sarcopenia and hernia development; however, four studies found a significant relationship between sarcopenia and hernia formation. It must also be considered that different disease processes can cause sarcopenia either through the disease process itself, or the treatment and management. More research and consistent measurements are needed before comparable and consistent outcomes can be compiled.
Rheological transient effects on steady-state contraction flows
Authors: Pérez-Salas Karen Y. , Sánchez Salvador , Velasco-Segura Roberto , Ascanio Gabriel , Ruiz-Huerta Leopoldo , Aguayo Juan P. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
It may be assumed that the steady-state kinematics of viscoelastic contraction flows depends on the time-independent rheological properties only. This idea is supported by the large number of references explaining steady simulation results by considering only steady-state material functions. Even with numerical simulations, it would be difficult to prove such a statement wrong. However, using the Bautista-Manero-Puig class of models allows to obtain the same steady rheological response but with different transient evolution. Here, we considered two fluids, one displaying a monotonic trend towards the steady-state and the other with at least one visible overshoot in the material functions. Our results show that for the transient evolution with the overshoot fluid, a significant increase in the steady pressure drop is gathered. In addition, vortex response is quite different for the two fluids. This research gives evidence that the transient evolution in rheometrical functions has great impact on steady-state flow behavior.