bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aminooxidasen in Phycomyces blakesleeanus und ihre Bedeutung für die Indol‐3‐essigsäurebiosynthese des Pilzes
Authors: Hofmann Frieder , Hilgenberg Willy 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Nachweis von Aminooxidaseaktivität in Phycomyces blakesleeanus gelang auch ohne vorherige Substratinduktion.Wenigstens zwei unterschiedliche Aminooxidasen, die sich in ihrer Sub‐stratspezifität unterscheiden, wurden nach fraktionierter Ammoniumsulfatfällung gefunden. Beide Aminooxidasen katalysieren die oxidative Desaminierung von Benzylamin, jedoch nicht die des Diamins Putrescin. Als weiteres Monoamin wird von der zweiten Aminooxidase Tryptamin umgesetzt. Die Analyse der pH‐Abhängigkeit der Enzymaktivität ließ den Schluß zu, daß nur das unprotonierte Substrat vom Enzym akzeptiert wird.Eine Aminooxidaseaktivität war in den Kulturen erst mit Beginn der Sporangiophorenentwicklung nachweisbar. Die Bedeutung der Aminooxidase für die IES‐Biosynthese in den Sporangiophoren des Pilzes wird diskutiert.Der Heinz Thomae GmbH sind wir für die Unterstützung der Arbeit durch eine Sachspende zu Dank verpflichtet.
N2‐Fixierung in der phytopathogenen Gattung Erwinia
Authors: Papen H. , Werner D. 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungVon 18 Erwinia herbicola‐ und 16 Enterobacter agglomerans‐Stammen wiesen vier Stämme von Erwinia herbicola und zwei von Enterobacter agglomerans hohe Stickstoff‐Fixierungsaktivitäten in Flüssigkeitskultur auf und wuchsen auf N2 als einziger Stickstoffquelle unter anaeroben Bedingungen. Stickstoff‐Fixierungsaktivität in Erwinia herbicola konnte erst nach einigen Tagen der Inkubation unter N2 nachgewiesen werden. Die für Erwinia herbicola gemessenen spezifischen Nitrogenaseaktivitäten übertreffen in der Höhe die für andere Enterobacteriaceae bisher gefundenen Werte. Die Berechnung des Verhältnisses von Stickstoff‐Fixierungsaktivität (C2H2‐Reduktion) zu effektiv assimiliertem Stickstoff (Proteingehalt) ergab, daß von Erwinia herbicola nur 35 bis 50 % der Nitrogenaseaktivität für das Wachstum genutzt wurden.Die nif+‐Enterobacter agglomerans‐ und Erwinia herbicola‐Stämme lassen sich mit den klassischen Diagnoseverfahren kaum gegeneinander abgrenzen. Sie unterscheiden sich jedoch darin, daß die untersuchten Erwinia herbicola‐Stämme nur unter streng anaeroben Bedingungen Nitrogenaseaktivität zeigen, während die Enterobacter agglomerans‐St'imme auch auf Agaroberflächen unter Luft beträchtliche Stickstoff‐Fixierungsaktivität aufweisen.Bisher konnte bei phytophatogenen Erwinia amylovora‐ und Erwinia carotovora‐Stämmen keine Stickstoff‐Fixierungsaktivität nachgewiesen werden.Wir danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für die gewährte Unterstützung im Schwerpunktprogramm „Stoffwechsel der anorganischen Schwefel‐ und Stickstoff‐Verbindungen”.
Jahreszeitliche Veränderungen des Pollengehalts der Luft auf dem Schauinsland (Schwarzwald) 1967 bis 1973
Authors: Stix Erika 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungMit einer Burkard‐Falle wurde in den Jahren 1967 bis 1973 von Februar bis Oktober der Pollengehalt der Luft auf dem Schauinsland registriert. Die mittleren jahreszeitlichen Veränderungen wurden in zwei Pollenkalendern dargestellt, von denen einer die häufigen und ein zweiter die seltenen Pollentypen der Luft am Sammelort enthält. Insgesamt wurden mindestens 52 Taxa festgestellt. 69% dieser Pollenkörner konnten fünf Taxa zugeordnet werden, nämlich den Gräsern, der Brennessel, dem Ampfer, den Eichen und Birken. Pollen aus dem Weitflugbereich sind wegen der Topographie der weiteren Umgebung des Probenahmeortes stärker vertreten als an anderen Meßstellen.Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft danke ich für finanzielle Unterstützung, allen Mitarbeitern der Auswertestelle Aerobiologie München und der Meßstelle Schauinsland für zuverlässige Zusammenarbeit.
Localization of Phloem Oxidases
Authors: Catesson Anne‐Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmong oxidases, cytochrome oxidase has been localized in mitochondria of all phloem cells, catalase has been visualized in parenchyma peroxisomes and peroxidase has been localized in cell walls and in several cell organelles.In angiosperms, peroxidase is present in all phloem cell walls; it is sensitive to cyanide inhibition excepted in sieve areas and around plasmodesmata between sieve tubes and companion cells. In some species, this cyanide resistant oxidasic activity can be localized without exogenous H2O2.Peroxidase is localized on ribosomes, inside vacuoles, on the tonoplast and often on the plasmalemma in companion cells and differentiating sieve elements. In young sieve cells some dictyosomes can exhibit a strong peroxidasic activity. In mature parenchyma cells peroxidase can be associated with ER cisternae but not with vacuoles.
Response of Phloem Loading and Export to Rapid Changes in Sink Demand
Authors: Geiger Donald R. , Fondy Bernadette R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSink demand was abruptly changed for an illuminated sugar beet source leaf by shading the six to ten other source leaves. Export of recently assimilated, labeled material underwent a transient increase and then returned to a steady rate approximately equal to the pretreatment rate. Uncovering the darkened leaves caused a transient decrease in export of 14C; following recovery there was a gradual decline. It remains to be established whether export of unlabeled reserves occurs in response to increased sink demand. The possibility that phloem loading increases in response to decreased sieve tube turgor was tested. Phloem loading of exogenous 14C‐sucrose increased when turgor in leaf cells was decreased by floating leaf discs on solutions with up to 1 M mannitol osmoticum. However, the increase appeared to be the result of plasmolysis of mesophyll cells possibly resulting from easier access to minor veins via the free space. Phloem loading in leaf discs continued undiminished even though sieve tube‐companion cell sucrose concentration exceeded a calculated value of 1 M. Regulation of export to meet sink demand by a direct response of phloem loading to a turgor or concentration set point does not appear to occur. Phloem loading may be promoted by the influx of water which drives mass flow, increasing phloem loading in response to increased velocity of transport.
Sucrose Efflux from the Maize Scutellum
Authors: Humphreys Thomas E. , Smith Richard C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSucrose efflux from maize scutellum slices was promoted by high pH and by K+, Na+ or Rb+. Incubation in mannose (which drastically reduces the ATP level) caused high rates of sucrose efflux only when KCl was present at pH 8. The effects of triphenylmethylphosphonium ion (TPMP+, a lipid soluble cation) on sucrose efflux were similar to those of mannose plus KCl. Mannose and TPMP+ caused release of stored sucrose into the cytoplasm, but pH8 and KCl (mannose) or pH 8 (TPMP+) in the bathing solution were necessary for rapid efflux of sucrose. Rb+ uptake took place during sucrose efflux. In mannose, rates of Rb+ uptake and sucrose efflux were low at pH 5.6 and high at pH 8.0, although the time courses for uptake and efflux were different. It is concluded that sucrose efflux is electrogenic and that it occurs as sucrose‐H+ symport. A scheme for sucrose transport across plasmalemma and tonoplast is presented.
Transport Exchange of Carbon, Nitrogen and Water in the Context of Whole Plant Growth and Functioning — Case History of a Nodulated Annual Legume
Authors: Pate J. S. , Layzell D. B. , Atkins C. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe economy of carbon, nitrogen and water during growth of nodulated, nitrogen‐fixing plants of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) was studied by measuring C, N and H2O content of plant parts, concentrations of C and N in bleeding sap of xylem and phloem, transpirational losses of whole shoots and shoot parts, and daily exchanges of CO2 between shoot and root parts and the surrounding atmosphere. Relationships were studied between water use and dry matter accumulation of shoot and fruits, and between net photosynthesis rate and leaf area, transpiration rate and nitrogen fixation. Conversion efficiencies were computed for utilization of net photosynthate for nitrogen fixation and for production of dry matter and protein in seeds. Partitioning of the plant's intake of C, N and H2O was described in terms of growth, transpiration, and respiration of plant parts.An empirically‐based model was developed to describe transport exchanges in xylem and phloem for a 10‐day interval of growth. The model depicted quantitatively the mixtures of xylem and phloem streams which matched precisely the recorded amounts of C, N and H2O assimilated, absorbed or consumed by the various parts of the plant.The model provided information on phloem translocation of carbon and nitrogen to roots from shoots, the cycling of carbon and nitrogen through leaves, the relationship between transpiration and nitrogen partitioning to shoot organs through the xylem, the relative amount of the plant's water budget committed to phloem translocation, and the significance of xylem to phloem transfer of nitrogen in stems as a means of supplying nitrogen to apical regions of the shoot.
Why Starch as our Main Food Supply?
Authors: Frey‐Wyssling Albert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStarch is the main supply of polyglucosans for our metabolism because, in contrast to cellulose, it is easily digested and can be stored without serious difficulty in seeds or tubers and as flour. Glycogen which is easily metabolized by reversible synthesis and mobilization in animal tissues is too expensive for mass production.
Änderungen im Wirkungsgrad der Photosynthese als Basis erhöhter Produktivität
Authors: Bolhàr‐Nordenkampf Harald R. 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel von Phaseolus vulgaris var. nanus L. wird gezeigt, wie die einzelnen ökologischen Parameter den photosynthetischen Prozeß der Energiekonversion und Speicherung beeinflussen. Einzig eine kontinuierliche Erhöhung der Temperatur bewirkt einen simultanen Anstieg der Nettophotosynthese sowie des CO2‐ und des Lichtwirkungsgrades der Photosynthese. Wegen des vergleichsweise niederen Temperaturoptimums von C3‐Pflanzen bleiben die Nettophotosyntheseraten gering und ihr Wirkungsgrad bei Starklicht ist schlecht, obwohl C3‐Pflanzen grundsätzlich mit einem höheren Wirkungsgrad arbeiten könnten als C4‐Pflanzen. Soll das Gesamtenergieangebot an Licht und Temperatur durch C3‐Pflanzen besser genutzt werden können, muß das Temperaturoptimum angehoben werden. Dies geschieht am besten durch eine Erhöhung der CO2‐Konzentration.Wie nun die ökologischen Parameter Licht, CO2 und Temperatur in den verschiedenen Kombinationsmöglichkeiten auf die Effizienz der Photosynthese einwirken, wurde an Hand einer durch Meßwerte kontrollierten Modellvorstellung erarbeitet. Mit dieser Methode läßt sich auch die phorosynthetische Nutzung einer Erhöhung der Lichtintensität oder CO2‐Konzentration bestimmen. So sollen hohe CO2‐Konzentrationen immer nur bei hohen Lichtintensitäten und hohen Temperaturen (˜ 35 C) geboten werden. Die erhöhte CO2‐Tension muß daher immer gut auf das aktuelle Gesamtenergieniveau abgestimmt werden: Bei 35 C sollten CO2‐Konzentration (Y) und Lichtintensitär (X) der Funktion y = 1,5+60 angepaßt sein.Für Phaseolus ließe sich unter Glas durch entsprechende Manipulation der Kulturbedingungen die in trockenen Bohnen zu speichernde Sonnenenergie von 0.17 % auf 0,32 % der Globalstrahlung erhöhen. Dies bedeutet einen möglichen Ertragsgewinn von fast 100 %. Leider kann dieser Erfolg die an sich stark negative Energiebilanz der gärtnerischen und landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen nur geringfügig verbessern, da die Änderung der Kulturbedingungen im Glashaus relativ hohe zusätzliche Energieinvestitionen nach sich zieht und in vom Energieaufwand her günstigeren Freilandkulturen eine Erhöhung der CO2‐Konzentration nur schwer verwirklichbar ist.
Photosynthetic CO2Uptake and Whole Plant Growth as Related to Plant Water Relations
Authors: Schulze E.‐D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMorphological features of arid region plant life forms are described and interpreted as adaptations to drought although this cannot be easily quantified. Functional adaptations, however, can be measured, and using the annual crop plantVigna unguiculata(L.) Walp. responses to drought are described at the leaf and the whole plant level. In the first step of this analysis theoretical criteria are developed to define optimal water use. In the second step experimental data are used to test to what extentVignafollows a theoretically optimal regulation of water and carbon relations. The analysis indicates that the ecological adaptation of regulatory processes may be quantified at a functional level.
Evolutionary history of inshore oceanic island land snails diversified in shell colour
Authors: Ito Shun , Chiba Satoshi , Konuma Junji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimOceanic islands provide an excellent opportunity to study the mode and tempo of phenotypic evolution of terrestrial organisms. Many studies have focused on oceanic islands far from the mainland. Oceanic islands near the mainland may provide distinct perspectives on phenotypic evolution, but a comprehensive understanding is still lacking. To address this gap, this study aimed to reveal when a land snail species inhabiting a volcanic archipelago within 40 km of the mainland diverged and how their shell colours evolved.LocationSouthern Izu Peninsula and five Izu Islands (Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Shikine and Kozu), Japan.Taxon
Euhadra peliomphala simodae.
MethodsDouble‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq) was conducted using 117 individual snails. Molecular phylogenetic and population genomic analyses were performed, including approximation Bayesian computation (ABC). We then examined whether the island area, elevation, distance from the surrounding landmasses and historical event (bottleneck) explain the shell colour diversity on each island using a phylogenetic generalised linear mixed model (PGLMM).ResultsSnails could be genetically categorised according to the island they inhabited, and on Niijima, their genetic structure was further divided within the island. The divergence times among the extant populations of the snail dated back to 2.1 million years ago (Ma), which is older than that of other animals occurring in this region. Additionally, island elevation positively affected shell colour diversity, and populations with similar shell colour profiles were phylogenetically different.Main conclusionsIsland land snails diversified early in the ecosystem of the Izu Islands. This suggests that proximity to the mainland, immobility and the physiological tolerance of passive dispersal in land snails were the main causes of early diversification. Moreover, our study proposes that environments covarying with elevation would determine shell colour diversity on each island through natural selection.
The Circ_35953 induced by the NF‐κB mediated the septic AKI via targeting miR‐7219‐5p/HOOK3 and IGFBP7 axis
Authors: Feng Yuqing , Liu Bohao , Chen Jinwen , Li Huiling , Zhang Dongshan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA few studies suggested that CircRNAs were involved in the development of septic AKI. However，the role and regulation mechanism of CircRNA_35953 in septic AKI remains unclear. Here, we found that Circ_35953 was induced by LPS via activation of NF‐κB signal in BUMPT cells. Functionally, Circ_35953 mediated the LPS induced the apoptosis in BUMPT cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that Circ_35953 sponged miR‐7219‐5p to upregulate the expression of HOOK3 and IGFBP7. Finally, we verified that knock down of Circ_35953 alleviated the progression of CLP‐induced AKI via targeting the miR‐7219‐5p/HOOK3 and IGFBP7 signal. Collectively, the data suggested that Circ_35953 /miR‐7219‐5p/HOOK3 and IGFBP7 axis mediated the septic AKI, which also revealed a potential mechanism of septic AKI.
Tolerability and effectiveness of a dermocosmetic product containing Silybum marianum fruit extract in adolescents and young adults with acne‐prone skin: An international, phase IV, longitudinal study
Authors: Bageorgou Foteini , Li Li , Beausillon Christopher , Stennevin Aline , Ortiz‐Brugués Ariadna , Saurat Jean Hilaire 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDermocosmetic products are often used to maintain or enhance the tolerance and effectiveness of medical anti‐acne therapies. Recent discoveries about the pathophysiology of acne‐prone skin indicate that skincare products may help maintain homeostasis around the sebaceous gland progenitor cells, thereby preventing microcomedone formation.AimsTo evaluate the tolerance and effectiveness of a dermocosmetic product containing Silybum marianum fruit extract (SMFE) in adolescents and young adults with acne‐prone skin.Patients/MethodsThis real‐life, international, observational, multicenter study was conducted in patients aged 12–25 years with mild‐to‐moderate acne. Patients (N = 4230) used the product twice daily for 8–12 weeks, either alone before (“initial group”) or after an anti‐acne therapy (“maintenance group”), or in association with their usual prescribed anti‐acne therapies (“association group”). The tolerance, effectiveness, and cosmetic properties of the product were assessed. Patient quality of life (QoL) was also evaluated.ResultsDermatologists rated the tolerance of the product as “good” or “very good” in about 95% of the patients and the effectiveness of the product as “effective” or “highly effective” in about 80% of the patients, with a significant reduction in the mean global evaluation of acne (GEA) grade (−36% ± 39%, p < 0.0001) at study end. The QoL of most patients (80%) improved by the end of the study, and the majority (79% to 94%) appreciated the cosmetic properties of the product. Overall, the product was a clinical success in >84% of patients.ConclusionsThis dermocosmetic product can be used by adolescents and young adults with acne‐prone skin to limit the initial or chronic use of medical anti‐acne therapies.
Implementation frameworks, strategies and outcomes used in peripheral intravenous catheter studies: A systematic review
Authors: Xu Hui (Grace) , Keogh Samantha , Ullman Amanda J. , Marsh Nicole , Tobiano Georgia , Rickard Claire M. , Clark Justin , Griffin Bronwyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to critically evaluate implementation frameworks, strategies and/or outcomes used to optimise peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) care and/or promote guideline adherence.BackgroundAlthough a considerable volume of research has investigated the effectiveness of PIVC interventions and treatments to promote performance and prevent harm, how to best implement this evidence into dynamic clinical settings and populations is not well understood. Implementation science is central to translating evidence‐based knowledge to the bedside; however, there is a gap in identifying the best implementation framework, strategies and/or outcomes to optimise PIVC care and/or guideline adherence.DesignA systematic review.MethodThe review was conducted using innovative automation tools. Five databases and clinical trial registries were searched on 14 October 2021. Qualitative and quantitative PIVC intervention studies reporting implementation strategies were included in the review. Data were extracted independently by experienced researchers in pairs. The Mixed Method Appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of individual studies. Narrative synthesis was used to present the findings. The systematic review was reported following the PRISMA checklist.ResultsOf 2189 references identified, 27 studies were included in the review. Implementation frameworks were used in 30% (n = 8) of studies, with most used during the preparation (n = 7, 26%) and delivery phase (n = 7, 26%) and then evaluation phase (n = 4, 15%). Multifaceted strategies were commonly adopted (n = 24, 89%) to promote PIVC care or study interventions which were clinician (n = 25, 93%) and patient‐targeted (n = 15, 56%). The most commonly reported implementation outcomes were fidelity (n = 13, 48%) and adoption (n = 6, 22%). Most studies were scored as low quality (n = 18, 67%).ConclusionWe call for researchers and clinicians to work together and use implementation science frameworks to guide study design, implementation and evaluation in future PIVC studies, to improve evidence translation and thereby improve patient outcomes.
Cranial nerve abnormalities in spontaneous intracranial hypotension and their clinical relevance
Authors: Zohbi Najdat , Castilho Alexander , Kim Sera , Saindane Amit M. , Allen Jason W. , Hoch Michael J. , Weinberg Brent D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeSpontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a known cause of headaches and neurologic symptoms, but the frequency of cranial nerve symptoms and abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to document cranial nerve findings in patients with SIH and determine the relationship between imaging findings and clinical symptoms.MethodsPatients diagnosed with SIH with pre‐treatment brain MRI at a single institution from September 2014 to July 2017 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the frequency of clinically significant visual changes/diplopia (cranial nerves 3 and 6) and hearing changes/vertigo (cranial nerve 8). A blinded review of brain MRIs before and after treatment was conducted to assess for abnormal contrast enhancement of cranial nerves 3, 6, and 8. Imaging results were correlated with clinical symptoms.ResultsThirty SIH patients with pre‐treatment brain MRI were identified. Sixty‐six percent of patients had vision changes, diplopia, hearing changes, and/or vertigo. Cranial nerve 3 and/or 6 enhancement was present in nine patients on MRI, with 7/9 patients experiencing visual changes and/or diplopia (odds ratio [OR] 14.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2‐100.8, p = .006). Cranial nerve 8 enhancement was present in 20 patients on MRI, with 13/20 patients experiencing hearing changes and/or vertigo (OR 16.7, 95% CI 1.7‐160.6, p = .015).ConclusionsSIH patients with cranial nerve findings on MRI were more likely to have associated neurologic symptoms than those without imaging findings. Cranial nerve abnormalities on brain MRI should be reported in suspected SIH patients as they may support the diagnosis and explain patient symptoms.