bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between Biochemical Parameters and Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Authors: Salamat Mohammad Reza , Momeni Shokouh , Rastegari Ali Asghar 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease in postmenopausal women associated with reduced bone mass and increased bone fracture. Measuring bone density in the lumbar spine and hip is a reliable measure of bone mass and can therefore specify the risk of fracture. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is an accurate non-invasive system measuring bone density, with a low margin of error and no complications. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between biochemical parameters with bone density in postmenopausal women.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 87 postmenopausal women referred to osteoporosis centers in Isfahan. Bone density was measured in the spine and hip area using the DXA system. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and magnesium were measured by an autoanalyzer, and serum levels of vitamin D were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results:
The mean parameters of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and magnesium did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P-value > 0.05). In the control group, the relationship between alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral content (BMC) and bony area (BA) in the spine was significant with a correlation coefficient of − 0.402 and 0.258, respectively (P-value < 0.05) and BMD and T-score in the femoral neck area showed a direct and significant relationship with phosphorus (correlation = 0.368; P value = 0.038). There was a significant relationship between the Z-score with calcium (correlation = 0.358; P value = 0.044).

Conclusion:
There was no significant relationship between the values of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and magnesium parameters and bone density (spine and hip) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis.
24-Hydroxycholesterol Moderates the Effects of Amyloid-β on Expression of HMG-CoA Reductase and ABCA1 Proteins in Mouse Astrocytes
Authors: Nazeri Zahra , Mohammadzadeh Ghorban , Rashidi Mojtaba , Azizdoost Shirin , Cheraghzadeh Maryam , Kheirollah Alireza 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Elevated brain cholesterol increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Production of 24-hydroxycholesterol (24s-OHC) by neurons prevents cholesterol accumulation in the brain. In this study, we investigated the effect of 24s-OHC on the HMG-COA reductase and ABCA1 which are involved in the brain cholesterol homeostasis with or without β-amyloid in astrocytes.

Methods and Materials:
Astrocytes were treated with 24s-OHC with or without Aβ. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction were done to detect protein and gene expression of β-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and ABCA1, respectively. Cholesterol release was determined using a quantitation kit.

Results:
Protein levels of HMGCR and ABCA1 were significantly increased by Aβ; however, the 24s-OHC was able to restore their levels and diminish the effect of amyloid-β. Aβ did not have a significant effect on HMGCR expression, while 24s-OHC reduced it by 68%. Aβ-induced ABCA1 expression did not increase cholesterol efflux as the lower levels of cholesterol in conditioned medium of Aβ-treated cells were found.

Conclusion:
Our novel findings show that Aβ affects two key elements in the brain cholesterol homeostasis, HMGCR and ABCA1, which are crucial in cholesterol synthesis and efflux. Since 24s-OHC could suppress the Aβ effects on enhancement of HMGCR and ABCA1, therefore the cytochrome P450 46A1 (Cyp46A1), which is exclusively expressed in the central nervous system and responsible for producing of 24s-OHC, could consider as a therapeutic target in the cholesterol-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
The Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Urban India: A Community Healthcare Setup-Based Study
Authors: Patil Priti , Mishra Satish , Gadgil Anita , Bhandarkar Prashant , Roy Nobhojit , Dwivedi Laxmi K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Foot ulcer is the most common cause of hospitalisation among people with diabetes (PWD). The objective of the study is to determine the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in the urban community in India and its relationship with glycemic level and demographic parameters like age and sex among diabetic patients.

Methods:
A retrospective observational study was performed from January 2016 to December 2018 at an urban community set up in Mumbai. The study was conducted in a healthcare setting, providing lifelong contributory healthcare to beneficiaries of an employees’ universal healthcare scheme. PWD from the community was identified using prescriptions of anti-diabetic medications. We identified patients with DFUs from electronic medical records from the hospital information system (HIS). The yearly incidence rate of DFU among PWD was estimated for the study period. The association between glycemic control and the demographic profile of patients with DFU was studied using binary logistic regression.

Results:
The study documents the average incidence of 66 DFU patients among 10,000 PWD per year in the community. Logistic regression analysis showed higher odds for the elderly age group (OR 2.863) compared to lower age for developing DFU. Similarly, poor control (HbA1c >7%) over glycemic level has a higher chance (OR 1.713) of DFU than that of optimum glycemic control (HbA1c ≤7%). Among the DFU, 15.29% of patients required amputation during the study period.

Conclusion:
The study documents the community-level incidence of DFUs among patients with diabetes. High glycemic levels and elderly age groups (≥60) are the associated risk factors for DFU.
Antenatal depression and anxiety in Indian women: A systematic review
Authors: Sahoo Swapnajeet , Gill Gursahiba , Sikka Pooja , Nehra Ritu 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
There is good evidence to suggest that high prevalence of depression and anxiety in the postpartum period. However, very few studies have focused on antenatal depression and anxiety disorders and their associated risk factors. Further, there are only a handful of studies from India on common antenatal mental health disorders. With this background, we reviewed the existing evidence on antenatal depression and anxiety from the studies conducted in Indian pregnant women during the antenatal period and to explore the associated risk factors. All the major databases were searched systematically for English language studies on prevalence and risk factors for antenatal depression and anxiety in Indian pregnant females, published during the period January 2000 to May 2022. Quality assessment of studies was done with the modified version of Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. We found the overall prevalence of antenatal depression was ranged from 3.8% to 65% and antenatal anxiety from 13 to 55%. The most relevant risk factors associated with antenatal depression and anxiety during pregnancy were preference to have a male child, intimate partner violence, history of abortions, marital conflict, poor relationship with the husband/in-laws and lack of social support. To conclude, the systematic review suggests that depressive and anxiety disorders are quite common in Indian pregnant women in antepartum period with varying prevalence depending on various settings and scales used. Steps should be taken to promote obstetricians for regular mental health screening during the antenatal visits and prompt referral to mental health professionals when suspected.
Depression, body image and quality of life in acne scars
Authors: Mahajan Sachin , Sawant Neena S. , Mahajan Sunanda 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Acne scars commonly occur in almost 95% of adolescents having acne. Depression and the psychosocial impact of acne have been studied by previous researchers but there are few studies on acne scar patients.

Objectives:
To study the prevalence of depression, body image, and quality of life in patients with acne scars and the correlation of depression with body image and quality of life.

Material and Methods:
Around 81 patients above 18 years of age clinically diagnosed as having different grades of acne by a dermatologist were assessed for depression using Becks Depression Inventory, Body image concern inventory, and Dermatology Life Quality Index and included in the study after being informed consent.

Results:
The mean duration of acne was 6.03 ± 2.9 years, and acne scar was 2.88 ± 1.2 years. Nearly 93% of our sample had an equal preponderance of Grade 1 and Grade 2 acne scars. 31 (38.27%) patients had clinical depression with a total mean BDI score of 16.8 ± 9.7. 15 (18.5%) and 7 (8.6%) patients had moderate and severe depression respectively. Only 5 (6.17%) patients reported significant body image disturbances. All patients reported a very large effect on the quality of life due to flaws in facial appearance leading to feelings of embarrassment and impairment in sexual activities. Depression was significantly associated with grade 1 and 2 scars, body image disturbances, and quality of life.

Conclusions:
There is a high prevalence of depression in patients with acne scarring which needs to be detected and treated. Liaison with a psychiatrist would improve the outcome.
Reasons for recovery and readiness to change among adolescents and young adults engaging in self-injury
Authors: Meheli Saha , Bhola Poornima , Murugappan Nithya P. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) typically begins during adolescence and the process of treatment and recovery can be challenging. We examine NSSI through the lens of the Transtheoretical Model of Change, a framework that views the process of change as five stages, with differing degrees of readiness to change.

Methods:
Thirty participants, both adolescents and young adults (14 to 35 years), were recruited from a tertiary care neuropsychiatric hospital. The participants were predominantly female and had self-injured at least once in the last year. They completed the Inventory of Statements about Self Injury, the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment and the Reasons to Stop Self-Injury Questionnaire.

Results:
Seventy-three percent were in the contemplation stage with respect to their readiness to change, while the rest were in the pre-contemplation stage. Participants endorsed a range of vulnerability and resilience related reasons to stop injuring; reasons related to self-efficacy, the addictive nature of NSSI, self-efficacy and impact on interpersonal relationships were prominent levers for the recovery process. Preliminary trends indicated that participants in the contemplation stage endorsed reasons to stop self-injuring more strongly than those in pre-contemplation.

Conclusion:
The findings carry implications for assessment, the amplification of reasons for recovery and individualized interventions to support the recovery process with individuals who engage in NSSI.
Stress and coping among police personnel in South India
Authors: Savarimalai Rajamanikandan , Christy Jayakumar , Binu V. S. , Sekar Kasi 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Police personnel experience the highest levels of stress due to the nature and demands of work. Though many researchers have studied these variables quantitatively, there is a lack of qualitative study, particularly in India.

Methods:
A qualitative study has been carried out to explore the stress and coping strategies of police personnel. This study conducted in-depth interviews with ten police personnel and three focus group discussions with 22 police personnel.

Results:
Thematic analysis revealed five themes: family stressor, personal stressor, work stressor, and adaptive and maladaptive coping. Inability to take leave, multi-tasking, unscheduled excessive working hours, inability to spend time with the family members, and lack of basic amenities to meet personal hygiene were significant factors for their high level of stress.

Conclusion:
The results reinforce the need for mitigating the impact of stress by using positive coping strategies and social support resources, which could be achieved through capacity building and mental health programs.
Hypomagnesemia and its association with calcineurin inhibitor use in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed M. , Elgohary Iman E. , Abouelnaga Shady F. , Elian Fathyia A.S. , Zeid Montasser M. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte abnormality following kidney transplantation. Increased renal magnesium (Mg) waste has been linked to calcineurin inhibitors. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypomagnesemia and its association with calcineurin inhibitor use in renal transplant recipients.

Patients and methods
This is a cross-sectional study carried out on renal transplant recipients, who underwent living-related donor kidney transplantation. All participants underwent detailed history taking and complete physical examination. Serum Mg, trough level of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, fractional excretion of Mg (FEMg), and 24 h urinary Mg, Ca, Ph, Cl, and protein were measured.

Results
One hundred patients were screened and 80 patients, with a mean age of 39.65 ± 12.14 years, completed the study. Fifty (62.5%) patients were on tacrolimus, and 26 (32.5%) patients were on cyclosporine. Patients had a median serum Mg of 1.80 mg/dl. Hypomagnesemia (Mg<1.7) was present in 17 (21.3%) patients with a median FEMg of 3.08%. There was significant negative correlation between serum Mg level and trough level of tacrolimus and FEMg with a P value of 0.038 and 0.001, respectively. The results of multivariate analyses showed that tacrolimus trough level (P=0.010) and FEMg (P=0.025) were independently correlated with serum Mg. Hypomagnesemia was significantly higher in tacrolimus-treated patients (30%) compared with only 7.7% in cyclosporine-treated patients (P=0.027).

Conclusions
Hypomagnesemia is common in renal transplant recipients, especially with tacrolimus use mostly due to increased renal Mg wasting. Increased tacrolimus trough level and increased FEMg were predictors of hypomagnesemia.
Spectrum of glomerulonephritis in adult Egyptians
Authors: Khaled Elzorkany M.A. , Ahmed El Arbagy R. , Mahmoud Kora A.A. , Ahmed Tawfeek R. , Noha Dewidar G. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is still the main cause of renal morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Knowledge about the characteristics of GN and its regional trends is mandatory for proper management of chronic kidney disease to decrease the incidence of progression to end-stage kidney disease. The aim of this study is to identify the patterns and frequency of glomerular lesions (biopsy-proven).

Patients and methods
This is a retrospective study that included 140 adult patients who underwent renal biopsies at Menoufia University Hospitals between August 2017 and December 2019. Patient demographics, clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results
The studied patients were 72 (51.4%) males and 68 (48.6%) females, and their mean age was 36.11 ± 14.57 years. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most frequent cause of primary GN (21.4%) followed by membranous GN (13.6%), minimal change disease (5.7%), and membranoproliferative GN (3.6%). Lupus nephritis (LN) was reported as the most common in secondary GN (18.6%), followed by vasculitis (12.1%), amyloidosis (5.7%), thrombotic microangiopathy (4.3%), and infection-related GN (3.6%). The most common presentation was peripheral edema (80.7%), followed by acute kidney injury (14.3%). FSGS (12.1%) was the most common subtype of primary GN associated with renal insufficiency followed by membranous GN (10%). Vasculitis was the most common subtype of secondary GN associated with renal insufficiency (12.1%) followed by LN (7.1%).

Conclusion
FSGS and LN are the most common primary and secondary GN, respectively. Nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury were the major indications for biopsy. LN carried the best prognosis, while vasculitis carried the worst prognosis.
A Multicenter Experience of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Infection among 800 Egyptian Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Helmy Housam Ahmad , AbdElhamed Mohamed Rashed , Youssef Mohamed I. , El Zamek Houssam M. F. , Kamal Ahmed , Abdelfattah Ahmed , Shabana Hossam , Abuamer Ahmed , Aboufarrag Galal Abdelhameed , Elshormilisy Amr Aly , Elwazzan Doaa , Saied Sara A. , Elfert Ashraf Yousif , Kamel Shimaa Y. , El Sharnoby Amal , Zedan Hendawy Abdel-moety , Gabr Basant Mostafa , Khalil Farag , Elmancy Ismail Mohamed , Lashin Hesham El-Sayed , AboShabaan Hind S. , Nassar Yousef , Elfiky Safa Reyad Abd Elsalam , Elkhadry Sally Waheed , Sakr Mohamed A. , Eid Ashraf M. , Kotb Sobhy Elsayed , Omar Marwa M. , El-Khayat Mohsen M. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT.
Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of illnesses, from skin infections and persistent bone infections to life-threatening septicemia and endocarditis. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common bacteria that cause nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Clindamycin is one of the most effective treatments for several bacterial infections. Despite this, these infections may develop inducible clindamycin resistance during treatment, leading to treatment failure. This study determined the incidence of inducible clindamycin resistance among S. aureus clinical isolates. A total of 800 S. aureus strains were identified from clinical samples collected from several university hospitals in Egypt. All isolates were examined for the presence of MRSA using cefoxitin (30 μg) and the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique. The induction phenotypes of all 800 S. aureus strains were evaluated using the disk approximation test (D test), as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Of the 800 strains of S. aureus, 540 (67.5%) were identified as MRSA and 260 (32.5%) were classified as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). In MRSA infections, clindamycin constitutive and inducible resistance was more frequent than in MSSA infections (27.8% versus 11.5% and 38.9% versus 15.4%, respectively). Clindamycin-sensitive strains were more prevalent in MSSA (53.8%) than in MRSA (20.4%) infections. In conclusion, the frequency of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance in MRSA isolates emphasizes the need to use the D test in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing to evaluate clindamycin susceptibility, as the inducible resistance phenotype can inhibit the action of clindamycin and thus affect treatment efficacy.
DETEKSI LOKASI KENDARAAN MENGGUNAKAN GPS DAN GSM BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER
Authors: Wahyudi Dona , Nalendra Adimas Ketut , Utomo Prabowo Budi 
Published: July 2023

Objektif. Deteksi lokasi kendaraan menggunakan GPS dan GSM berbasis mikrokontroler adalah topik yang menarik untuk diteliti karena dapat membantu dalam mengatasi masalah pencurian kendaraan. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya telah dilakukan untuk mengembangkan sistem pelacakan kendaraan berbasis GPS dan GSM, seperti sistem pelacakan kendaraan hilang menggunakan GPS dan ditampilkan dengan smartphone, rancang bangun GPS sebagai pelacak dan pengaman kendaraan berbasis mikrokontroler ATMega128, serta sistem pelacakan dan pengamanan kendaraan berbasis GPS dengan menggunakan komunikasi GPRS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem deteksi lokasi kendaraan menggunakan GPS dan GSM berbasis mikrokontroler. Sistem ini akan memanfaatkan teknologi GPS dan GSM untuk menentukan lokasi kendaraan dan mengirimkan informasi lokasi tersebut ke ponsel pengguna melalui jaringan internet.
Material and Metode. Sistem yang akan dibuat dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas alat pendeteksi lokasi dan antarmuka pengguna berbasis web. Data lokasi didapat oleh GPS kemudian dikirimkan oleh mikrokontroller melalui jaringan GSM sehingga tersimpan kedalam database untuk ditampilkan melalui antarmuka berbasis web.
Hasil. Uji coba dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi kecepatan respon kedua alat beserta durasi alat bisa bekerja jika ditenagai dengan baterai 9V 450mAh. Komunikasi data antara perangkat dengan server menggunakan Wi-Fi. Diketahui bahwa kecepatan respon pertama antara ESP 32 dengan ESP 8266 memiliki perbedaan rata-rata sekitar 0.
Kesimpulan. Informasi lokasi bisa didapatkan dengan memanfaatkan mikrokontroller ESP32 maupun ESP 8266 dilengkapi dengan modul GPS. Data lokasi tersebut berhasil dikirimkan ke server menggunakan jaringan Wifi atau jaringan ISP. Informasi lokasi dan perangkat pengirim selanjutnya disimpan didatabase server melalui API yang dibuat khusus untuk masing-masing perangkat IoT ketika dilakukan penambahan data.
The Reality of Including Pre-University Education Policies at the Sultanate of Oman for the Purposes of the Fourth Goal of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030
Authors: Al-Haadi Badriya Bint Rashid , Al-Kiyumi Amel Bint Rashid , Al-Abri Khalaf Bin Marhun 
Published: July 2023

The study aimed to identify the reality of including pre-‎university education policies in the Sultanate of Oman ‎for the purposes of the fourth goal of the sustainable ‎development goals (2030) according to the dimensions ‎set by the study (compulsory of education, educational justice and quality of education).The study applied the descriptive methodlogy and used the qualitative ‎method through the content analysis form to analyze a ‎number of educational documents in the Sultanate of ‎Oman. The results showed that the ‘Quality of ‎Education’ dimension obtained the first rank as the ‎most included dimension in the documents subject of ‎analysis with a general mean of (13.6), whereas the ‎dimension ‘compulsory of education’ came second, ‎while the ‘educational justice’ dimension ranked last. ‎The study recommended the importance of paying ‎more attention from educational policy ‎makers to pre-‎school education، and caring about ‎special education to ‎achieve justice in education.
Determinants of First College Major Choice among Yarmouk University Students and Estimating their Scaling Values Using Three Scaling Methods
Authors: Brahmeh Razan Rasmi , Sawalmeh Yousef Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

The study aimed at determining the determinants of first college major choice for Yarmouk University students, and estimating their scaling values using three different scaling methods, and determining the extent of agreement among these methods. To achieve the purpose of the study, (165) male and female students from the university colleges volunteered to determine the determinants primarily, and two equivalent samples with regard to gender and college type were used to collect the scaling data. The first consisted of (120) male and female students studying a major which is their first choice, the second consisted of (120) male and female students studying a major differs from their first choice. The scaling values on importance scale were estimated using the Law of Comparative Judgments, Direct Estimation and the Law of Catogerical Judgments. The results showed that the most important major choice determinants are: opportunities to obtain work, secondary school exam scores mean, personal desire, and admission opportunities. Also, it was found that there was a consistency among scaling methods in ranking the determinants on the importance scale.