bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
String-net formulation of Hamiltonian lattice Yang-Mills theories and quantum many-body scars in a nonabelian gauge theory
Authors: Hayata Tomoya , Hidaka Yoshimasa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study the Hamiltonian lattice Yang-Mills theory based on spin networks that provide a useful basis to represent the physical states satisfying the Gauss law constraints. We focus on SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in (2 + 1) dimensions. Following the string-net model, we introduce a regularization of the Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian of lattice Yang-Mills theory based on the q deformation, which respects the (discretized) SU(2) gauge symmetry as quantum group, i.e., SU(2)k, and enables implementation of the lattice Yang-Mills theory both in classical and quantum algorithms by referring to those of the string-net model. Using the regularized Hamiltonian, we study quantum scars in a nonabelian gauge theory. Quantum scars are nonthermal energy eigenstates arising in the constrained quantum many-body systems. We find that quantum scars from zero modes, which have been found in abelian gauge theories arise even in a nonabelian gauge theory. We also show the spectrum of a single-plaquette model for SU(2)k and SU(3)k with naive cutoff and that based on the q-deformation to discuss cutoff dependence of the formulation.
Harmonic functions and gravity localization
Authors: De Luca G. Bruno , De Ponti Nicolò , Mondino Andrea , Tomasiello Alessandro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In models with extra dimensions, matter particles can be easily localized to a ‘brane world’, but gravitational attraction tends to spread out in the extra dimensions unless they are small. Strong warping gradients can help localize gravity closer to the brane. In this note we give a mathematically rigorous proof that the internal wave-function of the massless graviton is constant as an eigenfunction of the weighted Laplacian, and hence is a power of the warping as a bound state in an analogue Schrödinger potential. This holds even in presence of singularities induced by thin branes.We also reassess the status of AdS vacuum solutions where the graviton is massive. We prove a bound on scale separation for such models, as an application of our recent results on KK masses. We also use them to estimate the scale at which gravity is localized, without having to compute the spectrum explicitly. For example, we point out that localization can be obtained at least up to the cosmological scale in string/M-theory solutions with infinite-volume Riemann surfaces; and in a known class of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 models, when the number of NS5- and D5-branes is roughly equal.
Analytic study of the Maxwell electromagnetic invariant in spinning and charged Kerr-Newman black-hole spacetimes
Authors: Hod Shahar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Maxwell invariant plays a fundamental role in the mathematical description of electromagnetic fields in charged spacetimes. In particular, it has recently been proved that spatially regular scalar fields which are non-minimally coupled to the Maxwell electromagnetic invariant can be supported by spinning and charged Kerr-Newman black holes. Motivated by this physically intriguing property of asymptotically flat black holes in composed Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field theories, we present a detailed analytical study of the physical and mathematical properties of the Maxwell electromagnetic invariant $$ {\mathcal{F}}_{\textrm{KN}}\left(r,\theta; M,a,Q\right) $$

F
KN

r
θ
M
a
Q

which characterizes the Kerr-Newman black-hole spacetime [here {r, θ} are respectively the radial and polar coordinates of the curved spacetime and {M, J = M a, Q} are respectively the mass, angular momentum, and electric charge parameters of the black hole]. It is proved that, for all Kerr-Newman black-hole spacetimes, the spin and charge dependent minimum value of the Maxwell electromagnetic invariant is attained on the equator of the black-hole surface. Interestingly, we reveal the physically important fact that Kerr-Newman spacetimes are characterized by two critical values of the dimensionless rotation parameter $$ \hat{a}\equiv a/{r}_{+} $$

a
̂

≡
a
/

r
+

[here r+ (M, a, Q) is the black-hole horizon radius], $$ {\hat{a}}_{\textrm{crit}}^{-}=\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{2}} $$

a
̂

crit
−

=

3
−
2

2

and $$ {\hat{a}}_{\textrm{crit}}^{+}=\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{5}} $$

a
̂

crit
+

=

5
−
2

5

, which mark the boundaries between three qualitatively different spatial functional behaviors of the Maxwell electromagnetic invariant: (i) Kerr-Newman black holes in the slow-rotation $$ \hat{a}<{\hat{a}}_{\textrm{crit}}^{-} $$

a
̂

<

a
̂

crit
−

regime are characterized by negative definite Maxwell electromagnetic invariants that increase monotonically towards spatial infinity, (ii) for black holes in the intermediate spin regime $$ {\hat{a}}_{\textrm{crit}}^{-}\le \hat{a}\le {\hat{a}}_{\textrm{crit}}^{+} $$

a
̂

crit
−

≤

a
̂

≤

a
̂

crit
+

, the positive global maximum of the Kerr-Newman Maxwell electromagnetic invariant is located at the black-hole poles, and (iii) Kerr-Newman black holes in the super-critical regime $$ \hat{a}<{\hat{a}}_{\textrm{crit}}^{+} $$

a
̂

<

a
̂

crit
+

are characterized by a non-monotonic spatial behavior of the Maxwell electromagnetic invariant $$ {\mathcal{F}}_{\textrm{KN}}\left(r={r}_{+},\theta; M,a,Q\right) $$

F
KN

r
=

r
+

θ
M
a
Q

along the black-hole horizon with a spin and charge dependent global maximum whose polar angular location is characterized by the dimensionless functional relation $$ {\hat{a}}^2 $$

a
̂

2

· (cos2θ)max = 5 – $$ 2\sqrt{5} $$
2

5

.
A Goldstone theorem for continuous non-invertible symmetries
Authors: Etxebarria Iñaki García , Iqbal Nabil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study systems with an Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly in terms of non-invertible symmetry. We present a new kind of non-invertible charge defect where a key role is played by a local current operator localized on the defect. The charge defects are now labeled by elements of a continuous (1). We use this construction to prove an analogue of Goldstone’s theorem for such non-invertible symmetries. We comment on possible applications to string theory.
Contaminants in honey: an analysis of EU RASFF notifications from 2002 to 2022
Authors: Eissa Fawzy , Taha El-Kazafy A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHoney is regarded as natural and healthy. However, a variety of contaminants could be present in the areas of production. The study aimed to identify the top hazard categories in Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) notifications for honey from 2002 to 2022, taking into account the notification year and type, country of origin, notifying country, risk decision, and actions taken. All RASFF notifications were processed in Pivot tables using Microsoft Excel. Out of 388 notifications for honey in the last 21 years 309 (79.64%) concerned the unauthorized residues of veterinary medicinal products hazard category, followed by adulteration/fraud (5.15%), foreign bodies (2.83%), pesticide residues (2.58%), and poor or insufficient controls (2.58%). China was the most frequently notified country of origin (25.77%), followed by Turkey (6.44%), Ukraine (6.19%), Argentina (6.19%), and Bulgaria (5.67%). Germany was the most frequently notifying country (16.49%), followed by the UK (16.24%), Spain (13.40%), Italy (10.82%), and Belgium (7.99%). Among all notifications, 22.68% were alerted and 12.37% were border rejected. The notification frequency (%) and mean concentration ± standard deviation (SD) (μg/kg) of the most frequently reported contaminants in the honey were as follows: chloramphenicol (25.26%, 172.10 ± 827.92 μg/kg), followed by streptomycin (12.11%, 104.94 ± 209.44 μg/kg), sulfathiazole (9.54%, 52.31 ± 52.62 μg/kg), tylosin (4.90%, 9.03 ± 11.23 μg/kg), and sulfadimidine (4.64%, 254.99 ± 587.00 μg/kg), respectively, due to their application by beekeepers to control infectious diseases of bees. Strict restrictions must be put in place to reduce the risk posed by these contaminants in honey.
Which pulse is it? Identifying archaeological legumes seeds by means of biometric measurements and geometric morphometrics
Authors: Tarongi Miguel , Bouby Laurent , Bonhomme Vincent , Alonso Natàlia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe taxonomic identification of archaeological seeds of certain cultivated pulses is challenging due to a combination of low interspecific morphological differences and large intraspecific variability. This study develops biometric and morphogeometric models that establish which species have more similarities with the doubtful archaeological pulse seeds. The species under study are: Lathyrus cicera/sativus (grass pea), Lens culinaris (lentil), Pisum sativum (pea), Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch), V. faba (broad bean), and V. sativa (vetch). The two models were trained on data from three different types of samples: contemporary uncharred seeds, contemporary charred seeds, and archaeological seeds. The last one consists of finds unearthed on Bronze and Iron Age sites throughout the Western Mediterranean and can be subdivided into two groups: clearly identified taxa and uncertain taxa. The biometric model resorts to the measurements of length, width and thickness of the three types of seeds so as to establish a discriminant linear model applicable to the uncertain archaeological seeds. The morphogeometric model is based on the shape of the three types of seeds gleaned from geometric morphometry. The uncertain archaeological seeds were then classified by means of a Linear Discriminant model based on shape descriptors. This study first assessed the accuracy of the two models stemming from observations of clearly defined contemporary and archaeological taxa. The results indicate that the models, in particular the morphogeometric, yield high predictive rates. These models therefore offer the possibility of re-identifying the taxa of doubtful archaeological seeds with a high degree of confidence and a minimal margin of error. The positive outcome of these models thus paves the way to more accurate determinations of archaeological legume seeds that heretofore have remained unidentified by traditional methods.
Digital competences in chilean Year-1 university students from technical-vocational secondary education (TVSE) and scientific-humanistic secondary education (SHSE).
Authors: Pais Marcelo Rioseco , Véliz-Campos Mauricio , Quiroz Juan Silva 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDigital competences are widely regarded as the key competences as defined by various international organizations, such as the European Commission (2018) and the OECD (2022). Given their paramount importance across all facets of contemporary society, a thorough examination of their developmental aspects becomes imperative. The study was conducted at a Chilean state-run university, which stands as the second largest institution in terms of student enrollment. Utilizing a quantitative survey-based methodology, this research study seeks to characterize the level of digital competences among Year-1 students pursuing undergraduate programs. Furthermore, it aims to compare the competence levels of two prominent student groups, distinguished by their distinct secondary schooling pathways, namely, technical-vocational education (TVSE) and scientific-humanistic education (SHSE). For the purpose of data collection, the CompDig-Ped test, aligned with the European framework for digital competences (DigComp), has been employed as the research instrument. The key findings of this study underscore significant disparities in digital competence levels between students originating from SHSE and TVSE secondary school trajectories, with TVSE students demonstrating comparatively lower levels of digital competence. These outcomes are congruent with existing research, which highlights the challenges encountered by technical-vocational secondary education in Chile over an extended period of time.
Identifying nature-positive futures in new cities: an application of the Urban Nature Futures Framework
Authors: Shaikh Shaikh Fairul Edros Ahmad , Hamel Perrine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the increasing loss of biodiversity due to urbanization, it is essential to examine and re-imagine the place of nature in cities. The opportunity to redesign positive relationships between cities and nature is particularly apparent in the development of new cities—rapidly developing areas observed in many Asian and African countries. As these new cities are built on a perceived tabula rasa, there is a potential to design positive nature futures. This study, therefore, aims to understand how nature is incorporated into existing plans for new cities and identify pro-nature perspectives envisioned within these plans. We use the Urban Nature Futures Framework (UNFF) to conduct a content analysis on the masterplans of new city and town developments within the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). The UNFF promotes the creation of multiple positive visions of nature in cities by considering three broad nature perspectives: Nature for Nature, Nature for Society, and Nature as Culture, as well as emphasizing equity in these visions. Our findings show that the Nature for Society perspective tends to dominate the design of new cities in the JMA, closely followed by the Nature for Nature perspective embodied by pollution control measures. New cities also emphasise the Nature as Culture perspective through nature stewardship programmes. Based on these results, we exemplify how the UNFF can be used to further integrate nature elements in new cities’ masterplans. We conclude with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of the framework at each stage of the new city development process.
Principles for Just Prioritization of Expensive Biological Therapies in the Danish Healthcare System
Authors: Bladt Tara , Vorup-Jensen Thomas , Ebbesen Mette 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Danish healthcare system must meet the need for easy and equal access to healthcare for every citizen. However, investigations have shown unfair prioritization of cancer patients and unfair prioritization of resources for expensive medicines over care. What is needed are principles for proper prioritization. This article investigates whether American ethicists Tom Beauchamp and James Childress’s principle of justice may be helpful as a conceptual framework for reflections on prioritization of expensive biological therapies in the Danish healthcare system. We present an empirical study exploring the principles for prioritizing new expensive biological therapies. This study includes qualitative interviews with key Danish stakeholders experienced in antibody therapy and prioritizing resources for expensive medicines. Beauchamp and Childress’s model only covers government-funded primary and acute healthcare. Based on the interviews, this study indicates that to be helpful in a Danish context this model should include equal access for citizens to government-funded primary and acute healthcare, costly medicine, and other scarce treatments. We conclude that slightly modified, Beauchamp and Childress’s principle of justice might be useful as a conceptual framework for reflections on the prioritization of expensive biological therapies in the Danish healthcare system.
Robotic assisted surgery in the United Arab Emirates: healthcare experts’ perceptions
Authors: Barkati Nasim , Ntefeh Noura , Okasha Ahmad , Takshe Aseel A. , ElKhatib Rami , Chelli Sabrina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe adoption of Robotic Assisted Surgery (RAS) has grown around the world. This is also the case in the Middle East and Gulf region and specifically to the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The perception of RAS has been studied in the USA, Europe, and Canada. However, there is limited research on the perception of RAS in the UAE. The study aims to examine the perception of RAS among healthcare experts in the UAE and potential challenges. This qualitative study is based on interviewing healthcare experts in the UAE. Most of the study participants were clinicians and surgeons. In the UAE, RAS is adopted in general surgery, urology, brain surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology. Our findings show that healthcare experts have positive perceptions of RAS. The cost and lack of RAS training program are considered as challenges to adopting RAS in healthcare practices. More research is encouraged to examine perception variations with surgical practices in the UAE, Gulf and the Middle East.
Power priors for replication studies
Authors: Pawel Samuel , Aust Frederik , Held Leonhard , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ongoing replication crisis in science has increased interest in the methodology of replication studies. We propose a novel Bayesian analysis approach using power priors: The likelihood of the original study’s data is raised to the power of $$\alpha $$
α
, and then used as the prior distribution in the analysis of the replication data. Posterior distribution and Bayes factor hypothesis tests related to the power parameter $$\alpha $$
α
quantify the degree of compatibility between the original and replication study. Inferences for other parameters, such as effect sizes, dynamically borrow information from the original study. The degree of borrowing depends on the conflict between the two studies. The practical value of the approach is illustrated on data from three replication studies, and the connection to hierarchical modeling approaches explored. We generalize the known connection between normal power priors and normal hierarchical models for fixed parameters and show that normal power prior inferences with a beta prior on the power parameter $$\alpha $$
α
align with normal hierarchical model inferences using a generalized beta prior on the relative heterogeneity variance $$I^2$$

I
2

. The connection illustrates that power prior modeling is unnatural from the perspective of hierarchical modeling since it corresponds to specifying priors on a relative rather than an absolute heterogeneity scale.
Diet of the otter Lutra lutra inhabiting a forest stream in SW Poland
Authors: Kopij Grzegorz , Szymczyk Katarzyna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiet of the otter inhabiting a forest stream in SW Poland was studied in order to show the impact of the otter on fish and other aquatic animals. The diet was examined by means of spraint analysis. A total of 157 spraints were collected from 14 sites, and 605 prey items were extracted. Fish comprised the staple diet. It was supplemented by frogs, birds, small mammals and invertebrates. Fish were represented by at least 23 species belonging to seven families. Two families Cyrinidae and Percidae dominated the fish component of the diet (together 70.1%). The most numerous fish species consumed were Perca fluviatilis (24.1%) and Rutilus rutilus (12.1%). The otter diet was most diversified in the coldest months of the year (November-April; B = 10.0-10.5), and least in the warmest months of the year (July-August; B = 5.7). The niche breath was wider in 2006 (B = 12.2), compared with 2007 (B = 20.4). However, only the proportions of Gobio gobio and Esox lucius were statistically different in those two years compared. This study confirms previous findings that the otter is a generalist piscivorous predator hunting opportunistically on locally and seasonally most common fish species, mainly of low economic importance.
Effect of Ramadan fasting on thyroid functions in hypothyroid patients taking levothyroxine: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Belal Mohamed Mohamed , Youssef Asmaa Reda , Baker Hany , Elalaky Nessreen Awaad , Marey Ahmed Atef , Quaisy Muhammed Adel , Rabea Eslam Mohammed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The major changes in the timing of meals during Ramadan may be challenging for hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine. We aimed to study the effect of Ramadan fasting on thyroid functions in hypothyroid patients taking levothyroxine.

Methods
We did a comprehensive search of 8 databases for Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and observational studies investigating the effect of Ramadan fasting on thyroid functions in hypothyroid individuals taking levothyroxine. Relevant data was extracted and analyzed. Mean difference (MD) and standard deviation (SD) were used to evaluate the continuous data. Risk ratios (RR) with a 95% confidence interval were used for outcomes constituting dichotomous data. National Institutes of Health (NIH) tools were used to assess the risk of bias.

Results
Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria, 3 RCTs, and 11 observational studies, all designed as pre-post studies. Ramadan fasting was associated with a statistically significant increase in TSH in patients who were euthyroid before Ramadan (MD = -0.76 [95% CI; -1.27, -0.25]). However, free thyroxine (FT4) was found to be stable (MD = 0.01, [95% CI; -0.03, 0.06]). All timing points were associated with a significant increase in TSH levels after Ramadan, pre-iftar (MD = -0.69 [95% CI; -1.03, -0.36]), post-iftar (MD = -0.76 [95% CI; -1.12, -0.39]), and pre-suhoor (MD = -1.19 [95% CI; -2.18, -0.19]).

Conclusion
TSH increases significantly after Ramadan. No timing point has superiority in maintaining thyroid control. However, choosing the timing should be individualized according to the patient’s preference to guarantee the most possible compliance.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Cognition: a Scoping Review
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Orchard Suzanne G. , Nelson Mark R. , Fravel Michelle A. , Ernst Michael E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide an overview of the association between angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) use and cognitive outcomes.

Recent Findings
ARBs have previously shown greater neuroprotection compared to other anti-hypertensive classes. The benefits are primarily attributed to the ARB’s effect on modulating the renin-angiotensin system via inhibiting the Ang II/AT1R pathway and activating the Ang II/AT2R, Ang IV/AT4R, and Ang-(1–7)/MasR pathways. These interactions are associated with pleiotropic neurocognitive benefits, including reduced β-amyloid accumulation and abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau, ameliorated brain hypo-fusion, reduced neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction, better neurotoxin clearing, and blood–brain barrier function restoration. While ACEis also inhibit AT1R, they simultaneously lower Ang II and block the Ang II/AT2R and Ang IV/AT4R pathways that counterbalance the potential benefits.

Summary
ARBs may be considered an adjunctive approach for neuroprotection. This preliminary evidence, coupled with their underlying mechanistic pathways, emphasizes the need for future long-term randomized trials to yield more definitive results.