bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards understanding insect species introduction and establishment: A community‐level barcoding approach using island beetles
Authors: Jiménez‐García Eduardo , Andújar Carmelo , López Heriberto , Emerson Brent C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince Darwin put forward his opposing hypotheses to explain the successful establishment of species in areas outside their native ranges, the preadaptation and competition‐relatedness hypotheses, known as Darwin's naturalization conundrum, numerous studies have sought to understand the relative importance of each. Here, we take advantage of well‐characterized beetle communities across laurel forests of the Canary Islands for a first evaluation of the relative support for Darwin's two hypotheses within arthropods. We generated a mitogenome backbone tree comprising nearly half of the beetle genera recorded within the Canary Islands for the phylogenetic placement of native and introduced species sampled in laurel forests, using cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences. For comparative purposes, we also assembled and phylogenetically placed a data set of COI sequences for introduced beetle species that were not sampled within laurel forests. Our results suggest a stronger effect of species preadaptation over resource competition, while also revealing an underappreciated shortfall in arthropod biodiversity data—knowledge of species as being native or introduced. We name this the Humboldtean shortfall and suggest that similar studies using arthropods should incorporate DNA barcode sequencing to mitigate this problem.
On‐call absences and academic recognition: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Manzoor Fizza , Lefkowitz Ariel , Redelmeier Donald A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundResident call schedules require careful planning and are vulnerable to unanticipated absences from unpredictable factors. We tested whether unplanned absences from resident call schedules were associated with the likelihood of subsequent academic recognition.MethodsWe examined unplanned absences from call shifts for internal medicine residents at the University of Toronto from 2014 to 2022 (8 years). We identified institutional awards granted at the end of the academic year as an indicator of academic recognition. We defined the resident‐year as the unit‐of‐analysis that started in July and ended in June of the subsequent year. Secondary analyses examined the association between unplanned absences and the likelihood of academic recognition in later years.ResultsWe identified 1668 resident‐years of training in internal medicine. In total, 579 (35%) had an unplanned absence, and the remaining 1089 (65%) had no unplanned absence. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups of residents. In total, 301 awards were received for academic recognition. The likelihood of receiving an award at the end of the year was 31% lower for residents who had any unplanned absence compared with those who had no absence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.51–0.93, p = 0.015). The likelihood of receiving an award was further decreased for residents with multiple unplanned absences compared with those with none (odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.33–0.83, p = 0.008). An absence during the first year of residency was not significantly associated with the likelihood of academic recognition in later years of training (odds ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.36–1.04, p = 0.081).ConclusionsThe results of this analysis suggest unplanned absences from scheduled call shifts may be associated with a decreased likelihood of academic recognition for internal medicine residents. This association could reflect countless confounders or the prevailing culture of medicine.
Examining the role of nurse executives in homecare through the lens of the Sociology of Ignorance and Critical Management Studies
Authors: Ashley Lisa , Perron Amélie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article presents a novel theoretical approach to explore nurse executives’ paradoxical identity and agency of executive and nurse in homecare organizations. This complex phenomenon has yet to be well theorized or analyzed. Through a synthesis of literature, we demonstrate that Critical Management Studies, as informed by Foucault, and the Sociology of Ignorance, can create a different understanding of the complex interplay between knowledge and nonknowledge (ignorance) that positions nurse executives in both influential and precarious ways in homecare organizations. This theoretical framework has the potential to allow for the explicit exploration of nurse executives’ strategic epistemic and discursive positioning and highlights hierarchal power structures within homecare organizations. We posit that this framework, that spans nursing, management and sociology disciplines, sets a different understanding of homecare organizations as epistemic landscapes, exposing institutional knowledge and ignorance dynamics that remain largely concealed and unchallenged, yet are integral to understanding nurse executives’ epistemic agency.
Mindfulness for voices: An experimental analogue study of the effect of manipulating response style to simulated voices in a non‐clinical population
Authors: Jones Bradley , Muddle Sarah , Jenkins Tom , Kitapci Nice , Jacobsen Pamela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the effects of directly manipulating response style to simulated voice hearing on emotional and cognitive outcomes in a non‐clinical population.DesignA between‐subjects design with one independent variable, response style (with two levels: mindful acceptance vs attentional avoidance). The dependent variables were subjective distress and anxiety (primary outcomes) and performance on a sustained attention task (secondary outcomes).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to one of two response styles (mindful acceptance vs. attentional avoidance). They completed a computerised attention task (continuous performance task) whilst listening to a simulation of voice hearing. Participants rated their experience of anxiety and distress before and after completing the sustained attention task which was used to measure their accuracy and response times.ResultsOne hundred and one participants took part (mindful acceptance (n = 54); attentional avoidance (n = 47)). There were no statistically significant group differences on post‐test distress and anxiety scores, correct response rate or response times on the computerised attention task. Participants reported a range of different response styles along the spectrum of avoidance to acceptance, but this had no association with their assigned experimental condition. Adherence to task instructions was therefore low.ConclusionsWe are unable to conclude from this study whether experimentally inducing people to respond to voices under cognitively demanding conditions in an avoidant or accepting way has an impact on their emotional or cognitive outcomes. Further research should focus on the development of more robust and reliable procedures for inducing differences in response style under experimental conditions.
Loneliness and relationship dispositions in emerging adults: Gender and culture as moderators
Authors: Goh Pei Hwa , Koh Isabelle Yue Sze , Piyadigama Devmi Savidhya , Yong Khai Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrior research has provided evidence of the link between loneliness and the number of past sexual partners—suggesting the role of short‐term intimate connections as a strategy to fulfill belongingness needs. The current study examined whether increased loneliness was associated with increased tendencies to engage in short‐term sexual (sociosexuality) and romantic (emophilia) relationships with a sample of 319 Malaysian emerging adults. We also tested whether these associations varied by gender and cultural orientation. Findings from a cross‐sectional survey revealed that lonelier individuals generally reported higher emophilia. The positive association between loneliness and sociosexuality, however, was only present among those who were high in vertical individualism (i.e., socialized to construe themselves as independent and different from others). Gender did not moderate either of these associations. These results suggest that the loneliness‐driven short‐term connections may be less readily manifested as sexual tendencies in populations that are more sexually conservative. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the role of cultural differences at the individual level in addition to the overall cultural context when examining intimate relationship tendencies.
Bridging multinational corporations' investment‐climate gap: Prospects for the direct claims approach
Authors: Ma Ji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultinational corporations (MNCs) have enjoyed considerable investment rights and gained massive benefits under international investment law; at the same time, they have also significantly contributed to the climate crisis. Yet, they do not bear corresponding climate change obligations. A huge gap between MNC investment rights and climate change obligations—the MNC investment‐climate gap—persists because of MNCs' global operations, the limited reach of domestic legal mechanisms in regulating MNCs' obligations, and the ineffectiveness of international regimes at addressing MNCs' obligations. This gap is mainly due to the asymmetrical structure of the investor‐State dispute settlement regime. To correct this asymmetry, this article explores the possibility of direct claims by States against MNCs under recent investment treaties. In particular, it analyses this possibility from three angles: investor obligations, arbitral tribunals' jurisdiction and States' initiation of claims. To facilitate such claims, one must reconsider the jurisprudence of international investment law.
Role of toll‐like receptors in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19: Current and future perspectives
Authors: Yang Ming‐Yan , Zheng Mei‐Hua , Meng Xiang‐Ting , Ma Le‐Wei , Liang Hai‐Yue , Fan Hua‐Ying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic underlines a persistent threat of respiratory tract infectious diseases and warrants preparedness for a rapid response. At present, COVID‐19 has had a serious social impact and imposed a heavy global burden on public health. The exact pathogenesis of COVID‐19 has not been fully elucidated. Since the outbreak of COVID‐19, a renewed attention has been brought to Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Available data and new findings have demonstrated that the interaction of human TLRs and SARS‐CoV‐2 is a vital mediator of COVID‐19 immunopathogenesis. TLRs such as TLR2, 4, 7 and 8 are potentially important in viral combat and activation of immunity in patients with COVID‐19. Therapeutics targeting TLRs are currently considered promising options against the pandemic. A number of TLR‐targeting immunotherapeutics are now being investigated in preclinical studies and different phases of clinical trials. In addition, innovative vaccines based on TLRs under development could be a promising approach for building a new generation of vaccines to solve the current challenges. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the role of TLRs in COVID‐19, focusing the new candidate drugs targeting TLRs, the current technology and potential paths forward for employing TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants.
Validation of a single question to measure internal health locus of control in Swedish primary care
Authors: Eriksson Maria C. M. , Lindblad Ulf , Daka Bledar , Lundgren Jesper 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundBehavioral risk factors are highlighted in the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Screening for health locus of control could be a feasible way to better identify individuals who could benefit from preventive behavioral change interventions. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between a single question measuring internal health locus of control (IHLC) and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) and to assess how IHLC relates to the General Self‐Efficacy scale (GSE) in a primary care setting.MethodsPrimary care patients, aged 18 and older, attending three primary care centers in southwest Sweden were consecutively asked to anonymously participate in the study. The patients were given a questionnaire and instructed to return the questionnaire in a sealed box in the waiting room.ResultsIn all, 519 patients were included. The correlation between MHLC Internality and IHLC was weak (r = 0.21, p < 0.001). An increase of one point on the internality scale of the MHLC gave an odds ratio of 1.19 (95% CI 1.11–1.28) for reporting high IHLC, and thus a five‐point increase gave a doubled likelihood, OR = 2.40, CI 1.67–3.46. The results for the other scales of the MHLC and GSE were similar.ConclusionIn this study, we found weak but statistically significant support for the single‐question IHLC as a measure of internal health locus of control. Given that the correlation was weak, we recommend using the MHLC when possible.
Effectiveness of high versus lower enteral protein intake, considering energy intake, on clinical outcomes in critically ill children: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Jotterand Chaparro Corinne , Bertoni Maluf Valeria , Moullet Clémence , Kiszio Blanche , Pugliese Marie-Thérèse , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie , Morice Claire , Valla Frédéric V. , Tume Lyvonne N. 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of high versus lower enteral protein intake, considering energy intake, on clinical and nutritional outcomes in critically ill children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Introduction:
Over and undernutrition increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. The impact of high versus lower enteral protein intake on clinical outcomes, considering energy intake, still needs to be investigated in children of different ages.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies of critically ill children (aged between ≥ 37 wk’ gestational age and < 18 y) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for a minimum of 48 hours and receiving enteral nutrition. Randomized controlled trials comparing high versus lower enteral protein intake, considering energy intake, will be eligible. Primary outcomes will include clinical and nutritional outcomes, such as length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit and nitrogen balance.

Methods:
Using the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness, we will search for randomized controlled trials published in English, French, Italian, Spanish, and German in electronic databases, including MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from database inception until the present. We will also search clinical trial registers and, if required, contact authors. Two independent reviewers will screen and select studies for inclusion, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality. A third reviewer will be consulted if necessary. A statistical meta-analysis will be performed if feasible.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42022315325
Digital Twin-Driven Product Sustainable Design for Low Carbon Footprint
Authors: He Bin , Mao Hangyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Product sustainability is a pressing global issue that requires urgent improvement, and low-carbon design is a crucial approach toward achieving sustainable product development. Digital twin technology, which connects the physical and virtual worlds, has emerged as an effective tool for supporting product design and development. However, obtaining accurate product parameters remains a challenge, and traditional low-carbon product design primarily focuses on design parameters. To address these issues, this paper proposes a method for data collection throughout the product lifecycle, leveraging the Internet of Things. The paper envisions the automatic collection of product lifecycle data to enhance the accuracy of product design. Moreover, traditional low-carbon design often has a limited scope that primarily considers product structure and lifecycle stage for optimization. In contrast, combining digital twin technology with low-carbon design can effectively improve product sustainability. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-layer architecture model of product sustainability digital twin, comprising data layer, mapping layer, and application layer. This model sets the carbon footprint as the iterative optimization goal and facilitates the closed-loop sustainable design of the product. The paper envisions sustainable product design based on digital twins that can address cascading problems and achieve closed-loop sustainable design.
Obtaining Methanol from CO2 on Cu–Zn/Al2O3 and Cu–Zn/SiO2 Catalysts: Effect of the Support and Conditions of the Reaction
Authors: Kim K. O. , Shesterkina A. A. , Tedeeva M. A. , Kartavova K. E. , Pribytkov P. V. , Dunaev S. F. , Kustov A. L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A study is performed of the catalytic properties of Cu–Zn catalysts on Al2O3 and SiO2 supports (Acros) in the reaction of CO2 hydrogenation to obtain methanol. A sample of 30Cu15Zn/Al2O3 displays great selectivity toward methanol. A sample of 30Cu15Zn/SiO2 has the highest methanol performance. The methanol performance of a sample of 10Cu5Zn/Al2O3 is doubled when the pressure is raised from 10 to 30 atm, and a 94% increase in selectivity is observed. A sample of catalyst 10Cu5Zn/SiO2 does not lose its activity after 10 h of a catalytic reaction, and its methanol performance grows with repeated use.
Differences in chronic pain prevalence between men and women at mid-life: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Borra Catherine , Hardy Rebecca 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionEpidemiological literature shows differences in chronic pain (CP) prevalence in men and women. Women are more likely to develop CP at different points of the life course, such as adolescence and old age. Less is known about the prevalence of CP by sex and the difference in prevalence during mid-life, when changes may predispose to an earlier differentiation in CP distribution. The aim of this study is to describe the difference in prevalence of CP at mid-life (ages 40–60) in men and women in the general population.Methods and analysisThis systematic review follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Appropriate studies will be identified in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED and PsycINFO. Two reviewers will independently screen each title and abstract. Studies eligible for data extraction will report estimates of CP prevalence for each sex, and/or a measure of the difference in prevalence between sexes. The findings will be reported in a narrative synthesis following the Social Research Council Methods Programme guidelines. A random effects meta-analysis will be conducted where the reviewers can justify combining results.Ethics and disseminationThis review will summarise the prevalence of CP in men and women at mid-life, based on existing evidence. It is expected that the results will identify gaps in knowledge and areas for further research. The review will be submitted for publication in topic specific journals and disseminated to professional networks. Individual patient data are not included, so ethical approval is not required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021295895.
Strategies used in managing conversations about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing among family physicians (FPs): a qualitative study
Authors: Driedger S Michelle , Kirby Sarah , Maier Ryan , Süss Roger , Thorlacius Laurel , Saranchuk Jeffery W , Bohm Eric , Singer Alexander 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesScreening for prostate cancer in healthy asymptomatic men using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is controversial due to conflicting recommendations from and a lack of strong evidence regarding the benefit of population-based screening. In Canada and internationally, there is variability in how family physicians (FPs) approach PSA testing in asymptomatic men. The purpose of our study was to explore how family FPs approach discussions with their male patients around PSA testing in Manitoba, Canada.DesignQualitative descriptive study.Setting and participantsHigh-ordering and median-ordering FPs were invited to participate in an interview. In addition to exploring practice behaviours around PSA testing, participants were asked to elaborate on their typical discussion with asymptomatic men who request a PSA test or other tests and procedures that they do not feel are clinically warranted. Data were analysed inductively using a constant-comparison approach.ResultsThere were important variations between high-ordering and median-ordering FP’s approaches to discussing PSA testing. Strategies to facilitate conversations were more frequently identified by median-ordering physicians and often included methods to facilitate assessing their patient’s understanding and values. In addition to decision aids, median-ordering FPs used motivational interviewing to tailor a discussion, organised their practice structure and workflow habits in a way that enhanced patient–provider discussions and leveraged ‘new’ evidence and other aids to guide conversations with men.ConclusionWe found that high-ordering FPs tended to use the PSA test for screening asymptomatic men with limited shared decision-making. Median-ordering FPs used conversational strategies that emphasised uncertainty of benefit and potential risk and did not present the test as a recommendation.
Oral health promotion in acute hospital setting: a quality improvement programme
Authors: Antonacci Grazia , Ahmed Laraib , Lennox Laura , Rigby Samuel , Coronini-Cronberg Sophie 
Published: April 2023

Tooth extraction is the most common hospital procedure for children aged 6–10 years in England. Tooth decay is almost entirely preventable and is inequitably distributed across the population: it can cause pain, infection, school absences and undermine overall health status.An oral health programme (OHP) was delivered in a hospital setting, comprising: (1) health promotion activities; (2) targeted supervised toothbrushing (STB) and (3) staff training. Outcomes were measured using three key performance indicators (KPI1: percentage of children/families seeing promotional material; KPI2: number of children receiving STB; KPI3: number of staff trained) and relevant qualitative indicators. Data were collected between November 2019 and August 2021 using surveys and data from the online booking platform.OHP delivery was impacted by COVID-19, with interventions interrupted, reduced, eliminated or delivered differently (eg, in-person training moved online). Despite these challenges, progress against all KPIs was made. 93 posters were deployed across the hospital site, along with animated video 41% (233/565) of families recalled seeing OHP materials across the hospital site (KPI1). 737 children received STB (KPI2), averaging 35 children/month during the active project. Following STB, 96% participants stated they learnt something, and 94% committed to behaviour change. Finally, 73 staff members (KPI3) received oral health training. All people providing feedback (32/32) reported learning something new from the training session, with 84% (27/32) reporting that they would do things differently in the future.Results highlight the importance of flexibility and resilience when delivering QI projects under challenging conditions or unforeseen circumstances. While results suggest that hospital-based OHP is potentially an effective and equitable way to improve patient, family and staff knowledge of good oral health practices, future work is needed to understand if and how patients and staff put into practice the desired behaviour change and what impact this may have on oral health outcomes.