bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics of starch system: Rheological and mechanical properties of hydrothermally modified elephant foot yam starch
Authors: Barua Sreejani , Luciano Giorgio , Ahmed Jasim , Srivas Prem Prakash , Vilgis Thomas A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Heat moisture treatment (HMT) was used to improve the functionalities of elephant foot yam starch (EFYS) by using selected heating techniques such as hot air oven (HAO), autoclave (AL), and microwave (MW). The swelling power and solubility were reduced significantly after HMT modification, whereas an increase in amylose content was detectable after HMT modification, and the maximum changes were identified in HAO-modified EFYS (28.48%) as compared to its native counterpart (18.01%). The study demonstrates that the maximum drop in peak viscosity (1045 cP) was perceived in HAO-modified EFYS, which confirms its thermostability as compared to native (1114 cP) and other treated starches (1059 to 1098 cP). All the starch pastes exhibited shear-thinning behavior, however, isothermal heating of starch paste at 95°C revealed a rise in apparent viscosity with increasing shear rate in all HMT-modified EFYS. Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) measurements of modified starch samples showed the predominating solid-like behavior in modified EFYS. The HAO-treated EFYS had the highest elasticity of the others, which represents the enhanced structural rigidity due to the formation of transient network structures. Furthermore, Lissajous-Bowditch plots confirmed the early deviation of the structural integrity from elastic to viscous behavior in HAO-treated EFYS. Overall, the HAO-modified EFYS showed significant improvement in functionalities and structural integrities under high shear and high oscillation strain, which infers its potential industrial applications. Based on our results, we propose specific physical models suggesting the effect of molecular structural arrangements of amylose and amylopectin expressing the essential rheological differences between native and HMT EFYS.
Dysregulated CD38 expression in blood and skin immune cells of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Dimitrion Peter , Hamzavi Iltefat , Yin Congcong , Loveless Ian , Toor Jugmohit , Subedi Kalpana , Khalasawi Namir , Huggins Richard , Adrianto Indra , Veenstra Jesse , Vellaichamy Gautham , Hans Aakash , Daveluy Steven , Athar Mohammad , Liao Wilson , Lim Henry , Ozog David , Zhou Li , Mi Qing-Sheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a multifactorial, inflammatory skin disease. Increased systemic inflammatory comorbidities and serum cytokines highlight systemic inflammation as a feature of HS. However, the specific immune cell subsets contributing to systemic and cutaneous inflammation have not been resolved. Here, we generated whole-blood immunomes by mass cytometry. We performed a meta-analysis of RNA-seq data, immunohistochemistry, and imaging mass cytometry to characterize the immunological landscape of skin lesions and perilesions from patients with HS. Blood from patients with HS exhibited lower frequencies of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and classical (CD14+CD16-) and nonclassical (CD14-CD16+) monocytes, as well as higher frequencies of Th17 cells and intermediate (CD14+CD16+) monocytes than blood from healthy controls. Classical and intermediate monocytes from patients with HS had increased expression of skin-homing chemokine receptors. Furthermore, we identified a CD38+ intermediate monocyte subpopulation that was more abundant in the immunome of blood from patients with HS. Meta-analysis of RNA-seq data found higher CD38 expression in lesional HS skin than in perilesional skin, and markers of classical monocyte infiltration. Imaging mass cytometry showed that CD38+ classical monocytes and CD38+ monocyte-derived macrophages were more abundant in lesional HS skin. Overall, we report targeting CD38 may be worth pursuing in clinical trials.
Direct evidence of terahertz emission arising from anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Mottamchetty Venkatesh , Rani Parul , Brucas Rimantas , Rydberg Anders , Svedlindh Peter , Gupta Rahul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A detailed understanding of the different mechanisms being responsible for terahertz (THz) emission in ferromagnetic (FM) materials will aid in designing efficient THz emitters. In this report, we present direct evidence of THz emission from single layer Co0.4Fe0.4B0.2 (CoFeB) FM thin films. The dominant mechanism being responsible for the THz emission is the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), which is an effect of a net backflow current in the FM layer created by the spin polarized current reflected at the interfaces of the FM layer. The THz emission from the AHE-based CoFeB emitter is optimized by varying its thickness, orientation, and pump fluence of the laser beam. Results from electrical transport measurements show that skew scattering of charge carriers is responsible for the THz emission in the CoFeB AHE-based THz emitter.
Inhibition of beta oscillations by delayed feedback in a cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus-pedunculopontine nucleus neural loop model
Authors: Sun Yuqin , Lü Jiali , Zhou Ye , Liu Yingpeng , Chai Yuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Excessive neural synchronization of neural populations in the beta (β) frequency range (12-35Hz) is intimately related to the symptoms of hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies have shown that delayed feedback strategies can interrupt excessive neural synchronization and thus effectively alleviate symptoms associated with PD dyskinesia. Work on optimizing delayed feedback algorithms continues to progress, yet it remains challenging to further improve the inhibitory effect with reduced energy expenditure. Therefore, we first established a neural mass model of the cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus-pedunculopontine nucleus (BGCTh-PPN) closed-loop system, which can reflect the internal properties of cortical and basal ganglia neurons and their intrinsic connections with thalamic and pedunculopontine nucleus neurons. Second, the inhibitory effects of three delayed feedback schemes based on the external globus pallidum (GPe) on β oscillations were investigated separately and compared with those based on the subthalamic nucleus (STN) only. Our results show that all four delayed feedback schemes achieve effective suppression of pathological β oscillations when using the linear delayed feedback algorithm. The comparison revealed that the three GPe-based delay strategies were able to have a greater range of oscillation suppression with reduced energy consumption, thus improving control performance effectively, suggesting that they may be more effective for the relief of Parkinson's motor symptoms in practical applications.
The Effect of Asynchronous Execution and Imperfect Communication on Max-sum Belief Propagation
Authors: Zivan Roie , Rachmut Ben , Perry Omer , Yeoh William 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Max-sum is a version of belief propagation that was adapted for solving distributed constraint optimization problems (DCOPs). It has been studied theoretically and empirically, extended to versions that improve solution quality and converge rapidly, and is applicable to multiple distributed applications. The algorithm was presented both as a synchronous and an asynchronous algorithm, however, neither the differences in the performance of these two execution versions nor the implications of imperfect communication (i.e., massage delay and message loss) on the two versions, have been investigated to the best of our knowledge.
We contribute to the body of knowledge on Max-sum by: (1) Establishing the theoretical differences between the two execution versions of the algorithm, focusing on the construction of beliefs; (2) Empirically evaluating the differences between the solutions generated by the two versions of the algorithm, with and without message delay or loss; and (3) Establishing both theoretically and empirically the positive effect of damping on reducing the differences between the two versions. Our results indicate that in contrast to recent published results indicating the drastic effect that message latency has on distributed local search, damped Max-sum is robust to imperfect communication.
Performance Estimation of Polarization Multiplexed DPSK Signal Transmission over Temporally Correlated Free Space Optical Channel
Authors: Shukla Abhishek Mani , Gupta Sumanta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The performance of polarization division-multiplexing (PDM) differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulated signal transmission over a slow varying turbulence channel is estimated in this paper. The turbulent free space optical channel is simulated using a stochastic differential equation (SDE)-based numerical channel simulator that takes into account the temporal correlation effect of the channel. The SDE-based channel simulator model may significantly ease the free space optical (FSO) communication system design since it enables the simulation of channel states according to predefined first- and second-order statistics, namely channel distribution and auto-covariance. We report the performance comparison of the PDM-DPSK system over an uncorrelated fast-varying FSO channel and a time-correlated slow-varying channel. Furthermore, to incorporate the effects of polarization and phase fluctuations in the FSO link, both time-dependent and Gaussian-distributed, simulated using SDE methods. The bit error rate (BER) performance obtained from the numerical simulation of the PDM-DPSK system shows that the impact of intensity fluctuations is more severe than polarization and phase fluctuation. The power penalty relative to back-to-back (B2B) is 0.5 dB, 2.5 dB, and 7 dB for a 1 km FSO link to achieve a threshold BER of 10-3 for weak, moderate, and strong turbulence conditions, respectively, for a slow varying turbulence channel. We find that for fast-changing turbulent channels, the PDM-DPSK link can not achieve the threshold BER value, particularly for medium and strong turbulence. For weak turbulence, 2 dB more received power is required to achieve the threshold BER value. Thus, the measured BER performances of the PDM-DPSK system over a fast-varying turbulent channel are overestimated, which does not provide the actual link performance over the time-correlated turbulent channel.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder prevalence and associated factors among primary schoolchildren in Amman-Jordan
Authors: Abbasi Layali N , Mazzawi Tarek , Abasi Lamees , Ali Sara Haj , Alqudah Abdallah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of ADHD among primary schoolchildren in Jordan and assess potential risk factors.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 1563 schoolchildren, aged 6 to 12 years. ADHD was assessed using parent and teacher versions of Conners Rating scale. Risk factors were evaluated through a sociodemographic questionnaire. P-value set at < .05 considered statistically significant.
Results
ADHD prevalence based on parents’ and teachers’ perspectives was 27.7% and 22.5%, respectively. Males, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight, low parental education and unemployment, and public schools had increased ADHD rates.
Conclusion
ADHD presents a major problem among primary schoolchildren in Jordan. Early detection, prevention, and management of this disease require parents' and teachers' awareness and risk factor control.
Reactions of group IIB metals with hydrogen fluoride: Mechanisms and Kinetic investigations
Authors: Yu Qinwei , Yang Jianming , Liang Peng-Yu , Zhang Hai-Rong , Gao Ge , Yuan Yongna , Dou Wei , Zhou Pan-Pan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid are corrosive toward most metals, to understand the detailed reaction mechanisms and kinetics, theoretical investigations of the reactions of group IIB metals (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) with hydrogen fluoride (HF) at different temperatures were carried out. The calculated results suggest that the reactions goes through two steps including the oxidation reaction between M (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) and one HF molecule in the formation of MF and the further oxidation of MF by the other HF molecule to form final product MF2. The temperature influences the reaction process, but it has little effect on the geometries of the reactant, complex, intermediate, transition state and product. The kinetic parameters including the pre-exponential factor A, activation energy Ea and reaction rate k for the reactions of group IIB metals (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) and HF at different temperatures were calculated, and the expressions of reaction rates k for the reactions between HF and M to form MF and then MF2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) were derived. It is expected that the results will provide valuable insights into the chemical reactions of metals and HF, the mechanisms of corrosion and the kinetics.
Serum Neopterin Level in Psoriatic Patients treated with Acitretin or Narrowband Ultraviolet B or Both
Authors: Hegazy‬‏ ‪Eisa , Eltaib Moustafa A. , Mohammed Abdallah , Ibrahim Ahmed , Younis Ali Mohamed. , Elsayed Fatma , Ibrahim Hassan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
A biological indicator of cellular immunity is neopterin. In certain studies, psoriasis patients had higher serum and urine neopterin levels, which reduced following therapy.
Aims
To evaluate effect of acitretin versus Narrowband UVB and combination of them on psoriasis vulgaris and correlate it with neopterin level.
Patients and methods:
In this case-control research, a total of 120 respondents (30 healthy volunteers served as the control group in addition to 90 psoriasis patients randomly allocated into three equal groups: Group (I): 30 patients were received Acitretin for 3months. Group (II): 30 patients were treated with NB-UVB. Group (III): 30 patients were received Acitretin and Narrowband UVB (3session /week) for 3 months. Serum neopterin levels were be measured pre and post treatment. All patients were clinically and photographically evaluated using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI score.
Results
In this study, statistically significant higher serum neopterin levels have been found in psoriatic patients than healthy controls. We found a significant decrease in PASI scores was detected in all groups. The relative reduction percentage in the PASI score was substantially different between groups (p < 0.001). The highest decrease percentage in PASI score was reported in group III compared to group II (NB-UVB) and group I (Acitretin group), p < 0.001). The median s. neopterin levels after treatment varied substantially amongst the three groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
When compared to healthy controls, serum neopterin levels in psoriatic patients were substantially greater (p < 0.05).
Conformational antigenic heterogeneity as a cause of the persistent fraction in HIV-1 neutralization
Authors: Colin Philippe , Ringe Rajesh P. , Yasmeen Anila , Ozorowski Gabriel , Ketas Thomas J. , Lee Wen-Hsin , Ward Andrew B. , Moore John P. , Klasse P.J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) protect against HIV-1 acquisition in animal models and show promise in treatment of infection. They act by binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), thereby blocking its receptor interactions and fusogenic function. The potency of neutralization is largely determined by affinity. Less well explained is the persistent fraction, the plateau of remaining infectivity at the highest antibody concentrations.
Results
We observed different persistent fractions for NAb neutralization of pseudovirus derived from two Tier-2 isolates of HIV-1, BG505 (Clade A) and B41 (Clade B): it was pronounced for B41 but not BG505 neutralization by NAb PGT151, directed to the interface between the outer and transmembrane subunits of Env, but negligible for either virus by NAb PGT145 to an apical epitope. Autologous neutralization by poly- and monoclonal NAbs from rabbits immunized with soluble native-like B41 trimer also left substantial persistent fractions. These NAbs largely target a cluster of epitopes in a hole in the dense glycan shield of Env around residue 289. We partially depleted B41-virion populations by incubating them with PGT145- or PGT151-conjugated beads. Each depletion reduced the sensitivity to the depleting NAb and enhanced it to the other. Autologous neutralization by the rabbit NAbs was reduced for PGT145-depleted and enhanced for PGT151-depleted B41 pseudovirus. Those changes in sensitivity encompassed both potency and the persistent fraction. We then compared soluble native-like BG505 and B41 Env trimers affinity-purified by one of three NAbs: 2G12, PGT145, or PGT151. Surface plasmon resonance showed differences among the fractions in antigenicity, including kinetics and stoichiometry, congruently with the differential neutralization. The large persistent fraction after PGT151 neutralization of B41 was attributable to low stoichiometry, which we explained structurally by the conformational plasticity of B41 Env.
Conclusion
Distinct antigenic forms even of clonal HIV-1 Env, detectable among soluble native-like trimer molecules, are distributed over virions and may profoundly mold neutralization of certain isolates by certain NAbs. Affinity purifications with some antibodies may yield immunogens that preferentially expose epitopes for broadly active NAbs, while shielding less cross-reactive ones. NAbs reactive with multiple conformers will together reduce the persistent fraction after passive and active immunization.
Deep Learning approach for Arabic Healthcare: MedicalBot
Authors: Abdelhay Mohammed , Mohammed Ammar , Hefny Hesham A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Intelligent healthcare has made significant progress using artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare service has gained more attention, particularly remote and automated healthcare consultation. Medical bots are becoming increasingly popular for obtaining medical advice and support. Medical bots offer numerous benefits, making them an attractive option for patients and healthcare providers. They provide 24/7 access to medical advice, reduce appointment wait times by providing quick answers to common questions or concerns, and cost savings associated with fewer visits or tests required for diagnosis and treatment plans. The outcome of the medical bot depends upon the learning quality. Thereby depends on the appropriate corpus within the domain of interest. Arabic is one of the most commonly used languages for sharing users' internet content. Developing a medical bot on Arabic faces many challenges: including the morphological composition of the language, the diversity of dialects, and the need for appropriate corpora in the domain. Thus, this paper's main contribution is introducing the largest Arabic Healthcare Q&A dataset, called (MAQA). The dataset consists of more than 430k questions distributed into 20 medical specializations. Also, the paper adopts three deep learning models, LSTM, Bi-LSTM, and transformers, for experimenting and benchmarking the proposed corpus MAQA. The experimental results indicate that the recent Transformer model, with an average cosine similarity of 80.81% and BLeU score of 58%, outperforms the traditional deep learning models.
A laser-based sensor for selective detection of benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide in the fingerprint region
Authors: Mhanna Mhanna , Sy Mohamed , Elkhazraji Ali , Farooq Aamir 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A mid-infrared laser-based sensor is designed and demonstrated for trace detection of benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide at ambient conditions. The sensor is based on a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) emitting near 14.84 µm. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and a multidimensional linear regression algorithm were employed to enable interference-free measurements of the target species. The laser wavelength was tuned over 673.8–675.1 cm-1 by a sine-wave injection current at 1 kHz repetition rate. Minimum detection limits of 0.22, 5.92, and 8.32 ppm were achieved for benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide, respectively. The developed sensor is insensitive to interference from overlapping absorbance spectra, and its performance was demonstrated by measuring the target species in known mixture samples. The sensor can be used to detect tiny leaks of the target species in petrochemical facilities and to monitor air quality in residential and industrial areas.
Use of bacterial biocontrol agents for the control of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Lycopersici, tomato wilt in Kenya
Authors: Muigai Monicah , Odhiambo Nixon Odiwuor , Muli Joshua Kiilu , Mugweru Julius , Mwirichia Romano 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp Lycopersici is a serious plant pathogen responsible for over 80% yield loss in tomatoes. The disease is mainly controlled by use of synthetic chemicals which may be harmful to bothhumans and the environment. In this study, we report on the potential use of antagonistic bacteria in controlling fusarium wilt. First, we isolated and characterized fungi from tomato plants with wilt symptoms. Analysis of the ITS gene showed that they were affiliated to the genus Fusarium, Alternaria, Plectosphaerella, Aspergillus, Gibellulopsis, Trichoderma, Papiliotrema, Rhodotorula, Mucor, Ustilago, Sporothrixand Cumuliphoma. We then then screened 20 bacterial isolates recovered from soils collected around the tomato plants for antagonistic activity against F.oxysporum using soft agar overlay method. Bacterial isolates showing inhibition zone diameters >3mm and consistent in reducing mycelial growth of the pathogen were characterized further and subsequently used for field experiments which were conducted during the short rain season in 2021 and 2022. Phylogenetically, they were affiliated to Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Brevibacillus laterosporus, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus poriaewhereas one of the isolates was identified as Myroides odoratimimus. The isolates grew at an optimum salt concentration of 5 - 10 % (w/v), pH range of 5 - 8 and a temperature of 30 °C. Results from the field experiments showed that all selected strains provided a significant reduction in disease incidence on average for both years from day 14 [14.4% (s.e. 3.49)], day 28 [15.9% (s.e. 3.44)] and day 42 [15.2% (2.825)] respectively. Therefore, these isolates are good candidates for the development of effective biocontrol agents against F. oxysporum f.sp Lycopersici affecting tomatoes.