bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Professional Fulfillment and Burnout Among Intensivists: A National Survey by the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists in 2022
Authors: Siddiqui Shahla , Warner Matthew A. , Kelly Lauren , Monteith Erika , Douin David J. , Mladinov Domagoj , Shaefi Shahzad , Stevens Robert D. , Tung Avery , Sladen Robert N. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Increased burnout and decreased professional fulfillment among intensive care physicians is partly due to intensive care unit (ICU) workload. Although the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic increased ICU workload, it also may have increased feelings of personal fulfillment due to positive public perceptions of physicians caring for COVID patients. We surveyed critical care anesthesiologists to identify the effect of provider demographics, ICU workload, and COVID-19–related workload, on professional fulfillment and burnout.

METHODS:
We performed an exploratory survey of 606 members of the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA) in January and February 2022. We used the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI) to grade levels of professional fulfillment and markers of burnout (ie, work exhaustion and disengagement). Univariable and multivariable models were used to identify associations between provider demographics and practice characteristics and professional fulfillment and work exhaustion.

RESULTS:
One hundred and seventy-five intensivists (29%) responded. A total of 65% were male and 49% were between 36 and 45 years old. The overall median PFI score—0 (none) to 24 (most professional fulfillment)—was 17 (IQR, 1–24), with a wide distribution of responses. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with higher professional fulfillment included age >45 years (P=.004), ≤15 weeks full-time ICU coverage in 2020 (P=.02), role as medical director (P=.01), and nighttime home call with supervision of in-house ICU fellows (P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
Professional fulfillment and work exhaustion in this cross-sectional survey were associated with several demographic and practice characteristics but not COVID-19–related workload, suggesting that COVID-19 workload may not have either positive or negative perceptions on professional fulfillment.
Cleavage of the Jaw1 C-terminal region enhances its augmentative effect on the Ca2+ release via IP3 receptors
Authors: Kozono Takuma , Jogano Chifuyu , Okumura Wataru , Sato Hiroyuki , Matsui Hitomi , Takagi Tsubasa , Okumura Nobuaki , Takao Toshifumi , Tonozuka Takashi , Nishikawa Atsushi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Jaw1 (also known as IRAG2), a tail-anchored protein with 39 carboxyl (C)-terminal amino acids, is oriented to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and outer nuclear membrane. We previously reported that Jaw1, as a member of the KASH protein family, plays a role in maintaining nuclear shape via its C-terminal region. Furthermore, we recently reported that Jaw1 functions as an augmentative effector of Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum by interacting with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). Intriguingly, the C-terminal region is partially cleaved, meaning that Jaw1 exists in the cell in at least two forms – uncleaved and cleaved. However, the mechanism of the cleavage event and its physiological significance remain to be determined. In this study, we demonstrate that the C-terminal region of Jaw1 is cleaved after its insertion by the signal peptidase complex (SPC). Particularly, our results indicate that the SPC with the catalytic subunit SEC11A, but not SEC11C, specifically cleaves Jaw1. Furthermore, using a mutant with a defect in the cleavage event, we demonstrate that the cleavage event enhances the augmentative effect of Jaw1 on the Ca2+ release ability of IP3Rs.
Effect of Exercise and Detraining on Signs of Puberty and Selected Inflammatory Markers in Girls with Precocious Puberty
Authors: SHOKRI BEHNAZ , HEIDARIANPOUR ALI , SHOKRI ELNAZ 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We examined the effects of aerobic exercise and detraining on adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), white blood cell, and pubertal signs (uterine length, ovarian volume, luteinizing hormone [LH], and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP).

Methods
Thirty girls with CPP (7–9 yr old) were randomly divided into CPP and CPP + Exercise (EX) groups. Fifteen healthy age-matched girls without precocious puberty participated for comparison with CPP. Subjects in the CPP + EX group attended 12 wk of aerobic exercise protocol three sessions a week. In the baseline, after completing the exercise protocol and after 4 wk of detraining, all the parameters were measured. In the CPP and healthy groups, all the parameters were measured in all three stages. To measure adiponectin, resistin, and TNF-α, the ELISA method was used. LH and FSH were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. White blood cell counts were analyzed by an automated blood cell counter. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the results.

Results
CPP girls have lower adiponectin (P = 0.01) and higher TNF-α levels (P = 0.001) than healthy girls. In the CPP + EX group, after 12 wk, body weight and fat mass decreased, and adiponectin increased significantly (P = 0.02). Resistin (P = 0.02), TNF-α (P = 0.02), neutrophils (P = 0.01), and signs of puberty significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. After detraining, no significant change was observed except TNF-α, which increased significantly (P = 0.03). In the CPP group, no significant change was observed in any of the parameters; only LH (P = 0.0001) and uterine length and ovarian volume (P = 0.003, P = 0.001) decreased after 12 and 16 wk, respectively.

Conclusions
Aerobic exercise can have a positive effect on the state of inflammation and pubertal signs. Positive effects remain after 4 wk of detraining.
Autoimmune hepatitis in young Somalian men – experience from a German tertiary care center
Authors: Kirchner Theresa , Hartleben Björn , Köhler Sophia , Schuppert Frank , Berger Irina , Wedemeyer Heiner , Mederacke Ingmar 
Published: February 2023

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare liver disease predominantly affecting women. Data on AIH in African patients is rare. A previous study from the UK reported an unusual form of AIH in Somalian patients. Methods: To examine whether this form of AIH can also be found in Germany, we screened the database of a major tertiary liver transplantation center. Results and conclusions: Among 17 Somalian patients presenting to our hospital between 2008 and 2021 three male patients were admitted with liver disease. All three of them were diagnosed with AIH. Here, we present the clinical courses highlighting diagnostic challenges and the particular severity of liver disease. These cases emphasize the need to consider AIH as an important differential diagnosis in Somalian patients presenting with new onset of hepatopathy.
Impact of multiple different high-fat diets on metabolism, inflammatory markers, dysbiosis, and liver histology: study on NASH rat model induced diet
Authors: Mustika Syifa , Santosaningsih Dewi , Handayani Dian , Rudijanto Achmad 
Published: February 2023

Background: The spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to advanced liver disease. It is known that a variety of diets play a significant role in the development of NAFLD/NASH. The goal of this study was to determine the most appropriate composition of diet to induce NASH in an animal model. Methods: This research used Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar (n=27), which were divided into four groups and given each diet for 12 weeks: normal diet (ND, n=7), high-fat diet (HFD, n=6), western diet (WD, n=7) and high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHFD, n=7). Subjects were documented for body weight. Blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatic lipase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Feces were taken for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis. Liver histology was analyzed using NAS (NAFLD activity score). The comparison test was carried out using the one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The highest average body weight was in the WD group (346.14 g). Liver enzymes, LDL, triglyceride, propionic acid, and acetic acid in each group were not significantly different. TNF-α, IL-6, and hepatic lipase were significant (p = 0.000; p = 0.000; p = 0.004) and the highest was in the HFD group. Butyrate level was significant (p = 0.021) and the least was in the HFHFD group (4.77 mMol/g). Only WD and HFHFD had an NAS ≥ 5 (14% and 14%). The highest percentage of borderline NAS was found in WD (57%). Conclusions: The HFD group showed significant liver inflammation but did not produce NASH histologically, whereas the WD and HFHFD groups had the potential to develop NASH because the diets affected metabolic and inflammatory parameters as well as liver histology.
The discovery of human Plasmodium among domestic animals in West Sumba and Fakfak, Indonesia
Authors: Munirah Munirah , Wahyuni Sitti , Wahid Isra , Hamid Firdaus 
Published: February 2023

Background: In Indonesia, malaria incidence is at a high rate despite maximum preventive efforts. Therefore, this study aims to determine the possibility of a Plasmodium reservoir among domestic animals in malaria-endemic areas. Methods: Animal blood was collected using EDTA tubes, then smeared and stained with Giemsa for Plasmodium microscopic identification. About 10 µl of blood was dropped on to a filter paper to capture Plasmodium DNA. Nested PCR was used for parasite molecular detection, while Plasmodium species were identified using the sequenced DNA. Results: A total of 208 and 62 animal blood samples were collected from Gaura village, West Sumba and Fakfak village, West Papua, Indonesia respectively. In total, 32 samples from Gaura contained P. falciparum or P. vivax, while the Plasmodium percentage in buffalo, horse, goat, and dogs were 20.7%, 14.3%, 5.8%, 16.7%, respectively. P. knowlesi was not found in any of the samples, and no other species were detected in 18 pig blood samples. Conclusion: Human Plasmodium existence among domestic animals in Indonesia partly explains the high prevalence and persistence of malaria in some endemic areas due to a reservoir host presence. Therefore, future studies need to ascertain the cause.
Associations between the built environment, policies and curriculum in schools and primary school children’s physical activity
Authors: Emm-Collison Lydia , Salway Ruth , Matthews Joe , Reid Thomas , Jago Russell 
Published: February 2023

Background: A large proportion of children in the UK do not engage in the recommended amount of physical activity. Schools are an environment where children spend a considerable portion of their time and have the potential to facilitate more physical activity. There has been little exploration of the specific school environment factors that are most pertinent to child physical activity and sedentary behaviour. This study was intended to fill this important gap. Methods: Data were collected between March 2017 and May 2018 from 50 schools and 1223 children who participated in the B-Proact1v cohort study. School level measures were the built environment (e.g. playground equipment, cycling parking, allotments), physical activity-related policies (e.g. policy to encourage active travel) and the use of physical activity in the curriculum (e.g. regular physical activity breaks throughout day). Children’s weekday moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was estimated via Actigraph GT3X accelerometers. Associations between school context measures and children’s weekday MVPA were analysed using linear multilevel models, with children nested within schools, adjusted for individual characteristics. Results: On average, children at schools with allotments, a larger amount of playground equipment and where cycle training was offered, engaged in higher levels of MVPA. PE being compromised due to space was associated with lower levels of MVPA. Conclusions: Whilst there is a need for further exploration, the findings suggest that school-based provision and policies for active travel, sport and active play may be important to encouraging more primary school children to be more active more regularly.
Healing of peri-apical lesions with calcium hydroxide medicament following apical enlargement: a case study
Authors: Yeng Thai 
Published: February 2023

With public health orders restricting movement and changes to routine endodontic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients chose to wait, in the range of 12-18 months, before returning to complete their root canal treatment. This report describes several cases of non-vital and infected teeth that showed positive healing responses from having endodontic treatment using calcium hydroxide paste as an intracanal medicament and an apical enlargement technique to further reduce bacterial numbers. This indicates healing of peri-apical lesions may occur with a longer observation period. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Endodontic treatment for peri-apical infection may allow a patient time to decide upon treatment options.
Why does patient mental health matter? part 5: chronic orofacial pain as a consequence of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Aggarwal Vishal R , Sanger Emily , Shiers David , Girdler Jenny , Elliott Emma 
Published: February 2023

This is the final article in a series looking at psychiatric presentations in dentistry. Recently, the oral health of people with severe mental illness (SMI) has gained significant media attention after the Office of the Chief Dental Officer for England published a statement on the importance of prioritizing oral health for people with SMI. Furthermore, a consensus statement has set out a 5-year plan to improve oral health in people with SMI. In Part 4, we discussed how a psychiatric disorder can result in dental pathology by contributing to risk factors associated with tooth surface loss. This article explores chronic orofacial pain symptoms and their link with psychiatry, considering the role of the primary dental care team in early recognition of psychiatric disorders. Given the range of chronic orofacial pain subtypes, we will present two separate fictionalized case-based discussions to explore their presentation. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The primary care dental team has a role in recognition of psychiatric conditions and subsequent chronic orofacial pain.
Análisis del rótulo y características de los jabones utilizados en la piel del recién nacido
Authors: Ramos Mily C. Moreno , Veríssimo Maria de La Ó Ramallo , Velasco Maria V. Robles 
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Analizar la información del rótulo, y las características físicas y fisicoquímicas de los jabones usados en recién nacidos (RN). Método: Estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo de 17 jabones comercializados en San Pablo, Brasil. Se analizó la información del rótulo (tensioactivos, pruebas de seguridad y descripción del valor de pH), y las características físicas (color y fragancia) y fisicoquímicas (valor de pH) del producto; las dos últimas, en laboratorio. Resultados: Se identificaron 27 tipos de tensioactivos: 70,3% (n=19) aniónicos, 18,5% (n=5) anfóteros y 11,1% (n=3) no iónicos. El 37% (n=10) tuvo un potencial moderado de irritación. En cuanto a las pruebas de seguridad, la mayoría de las formulaciones (94,1%) citó “dermatológicamente probado”. Sólo 42% citó “oftalmológicamente probado”. La translucidez estuvo presente en 23,5% (n=4) de los jabones. Todas las formulaciones presentaron fragancia. El promedio más alto de valor de pH fue de jabones en barra tradicionales (9,94 DE 0,81). Conclusión: Las formulaciones analizadas indicaron un potencial de irritación bajo o moderado. Cuatro jabones líquidos y uno en barra combinados tuvieron valores cercanos a los del pH de la piel del RN, y mostraron ser adecuados para la homeostasis de la barrera cutánea. Aunque las formulaciones citaron “dermatológicamente probado”, no todas citaron “oftalmológicamente probado”. Este estudio proporciona elementos para seleccionar un jabón adecuado para el RN.
Encuesta sobre la higiene de las heridas: conocimiento, implementación, obstáculos y resultados
Authors: Murphy Chris , Atkin Leanne , Hurlow Jenny , Swanson Terry , Vega de Ceniga Melina 
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Se ha desarrollado una encuesta para comprender el conocimiento y la implementación actual del concepto de higiene de las heridas un año después de su difusión. También se analizaron los obstáculos para su implementación y los resultados. Método: La revista Journal of Wound Care (JWC), con la colaboración de ConvaTec, desarrolló una encuesta de 26 preguntas, compuesta por respuestas de opción múltiple y texto libre, que distribuyó globalmente por correo electrónico y en línea; la encuesta estuvo abierta unas 12 semanas. Debido a la naturaleza exploratoria de la investigación, se utilizó una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico. Los autores analizaron los resultados de la encuesta para sacar conclusiones de los datos. Resultados: Un total de 1478 participantes dio su consentimiento para el uso de sus datos combinados anonimizados. Casi el 90% era de Estados Unidos o el Reino Unido. La mayoría se desempeñaba como especialista en el cuidado de las heridas y estaba distribuido equitativamente entre centros de atención primaria y hospitales de agudos. El 66,6% había trabajado en el área de cuidado de las heridas durante más de 8 años. Los encuestados trabajaban con una amplia variedad de tipos de heridas. Más de la mitad (57,4%) había oído hablar del concepto de higiene de las heridas, y entre ellos, el 75,3% la había implementado; el 78,7% respondió que la aplicaba “siempre”, mientras que el 20,8% lo hacía “a veces”. Los tres principales obstáculos para su adopción fueron la confianza (39,0%), el deseo de que haya más estudios sobre la higiene de las heridas (25,7%) y la competencia (24,8%). En general, tras la implementación de la higiene de las heridas, el 80,3% informó que las tasas de cicatrización de sus pacientes habían mejorado. Conclusión: Los encuestados estuvieron totalmente de acuerdo en que la implementación de la higiene de las heridas es un método exitoso para el tratamiento del biofilm y un componente fundamental para mejorar las tasas de cicatrización en heridas de difícil cicatrización. Sin embargo, los obstáculos para su adopción e implementación demuestran que se necesitan cursos integrales de educación y capacitación, apoyo institucional para los cambios de política, protocolos, y más estudios clínicos para promover la higiene de las heridas.
Epidemiología de los desgarros de piel: revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Bandeira da Silva Cinthia V. , da Costa Silva Rayanne S. , Serna González Carol V. , Hevia Campos Heidi M. , Woo Kevin , Nogueira Paula C. , Gouveia Santos Vera L. Conceição de 
Published: February 2023

Objetivo:Identificar y describir la epidemiología de los desgarros de piel (DP) en el contexto latinoamericano.Método:Revisión bibliográfica de estudios epidemiológicos publicados entre 1946 y mayo de 2021, en inglés, español y portugués, consultados en texto completo. Para la búsqueda, se utilizaron descriptores correspondientes a la estrategia PCC: Población (adultos), Concepto (epidemiología de los DP) y Contexto (hospitalario e institucional). Los estudios fueron recuperados de las bases de datos Scielo, Lilacs, Embase, Cinahl, Medline y BDEnf, y evaluados por dos revisores independientes. Los instrumentos STROBE y Newcastle-Ottawa fueron usados para evaluar la calidad de estudios de prevalencia e incidencia, respectivamente.Resultados:En total, 21 publicaciones fueron incluidas (siete de ellas, de origen latinoamericano). La prevalencia, reportada en 16 estudios, estuvo entre 0,97 y 28,7%. La incidencia, reportada en cinco estudios, varió entre 3,8 y 40%. Los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de DP fueron: historia previa de la lesión, puntajes bajos en la escala de Braden, dependencia para actividades básicas de la vida diaria, y edad avanzada. En América latina, Brasil se destaca como el país con mayor número de publicaciones (n=5; 23,8%).Conclusión:La mayoría de los DP pueden ser considerados eventos adversos evitables, por lo tanto, los valores de incidencia y prevalencia encontrados son elevados. La caracterización de la situación epidemiológica de los DP posibilita la creación de protocolos y políticas públicas para su prevención y detección precoz.Conflicto de interés:Todos los autores son miembros del International Skin Tears Advisory Panel (ISTAP). CVBS es consultora técnica. CVSG es conferencista. KW es miembro del Canadian Pressure Injury Advisory Panel, consultor en centros de heridas en Canadá, y conferencista para varias empresas internacionales en la industria del cuidado de las heridas.
Fiber optic temperature and strain sensor using dual Mach–Zehnder interferometers
Authors: Li Yousong , Jiang Yichao , Tang Nan , Wang Guanling , Tao Jiali , Zhang Gang , Ge Qiang , Zhang Ningjuan , Wu Xuqiang 
Published: February 2023

A fiber optic temperature and strain sensor using dual Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) is proposed. The dual MZIs were fabricated by fusion splicing of two different fibers between two single-mode fibers. The two fibers of thin-core fiber and small-cladding polarization maintaining fiber were fusion spliced with a core offset. As the responses of the two MZIs are different in terms of temperature and strain, simultaneous temperature and strain measurement were experimentally validated by selecting two resonant dips in the transmission spectrum to construct a matrix. Experimental results show that the proposed sensors had the maximum temperature sensitivity of 66.67 pm/°C and the maximum strain sensitivity of −2.0pm/µε. The minimum discriminated temperature and strain of the two proposed sensors were 0.20°C and 0.71 µε, and 0.33°C and 0.69 µε, respectively. The proposed sensor has promising application prospects due to the merits of ease of fabrication, low costs, and good resolution.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging for Detection of Colonic Dysplasia
Authors: Marcon Norman E. 
Published: February 2023

Cancer of the colon is the second leading cause of cancer related death in North America and Europe. Colonoscopy is currently the gold standard for the detection and removal of polyps and the diagnosis of cancer. Although a field of intense research, there are currently no surrogate serum or stool markers that accurately identify patients at risk who may have adenomatous colon polyps or curable cancer.
Clinicians therefore rely on white light colonoscopy to survey colonic mucosa in their search for polyps. White light endoscopy has some limitations. It cannot detect flat, non-raised lesions. It cannot distinguish easily between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. Subtle, flat lesions may be missed. Scars at the sites of previous sessile polyps are difficult to evaluate for recurrence.
Endoscopies utilizing fluorescence techniques either on the basis of intrinsic fluorescence or exogenous (prodrug) compounds, have the potential to compliment white light endoscopy by improving detection of mucosal dysplasia and ultimately improve outcomes for cancer detection before the date of escape from cure.