bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midkine exacerbates inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in heart of septic mice
Authors: Wei Zhongcheng , Liu Juan , Liu Hailang , Zhang Xiwen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aim: Midkine inhibition ameliorates sepsis induced lung injury. This research was to explore the influences of midkine on the sepsis-associated heart damage and the mechanisms.
Methods: Sepsis models were established via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction in mice in vivo, and in HL-1 cells in vitro.
Results: The expressed levels of midkine raised in the heart of mice and HL-1 cells by treating with LPS. The cardiac dysfunction of septic mice was deteriorated by midkine overexpression and was improved by midkine knockdown. The increases of inflammatory factors in the heart of mice induced by LPS were further enhanced by midkine overexpression and were attenuated by midkine knockdown. The increase of myocardial apoptosis in septic mice was worsened after midkine overexpression and was alleviated after midkine downregulation. The oxidative stress increase in the heart of septic mice was exacerbated by overexpression of midkine and was attenuated by downregulation of midkine.
Conclusions: These results indicated that midkine exacerbated cardiac dysfunction via enhanced inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Targeting of midkine could improve cardiac dysfunction via attenuation of inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Dynamics of Three Phase Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive By FCS And I-FCS Based Predictive Current Controllers
Authors: Chirantan Shaswat , Pati Bibhuti Bhusan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In modern control system dilemma Model Predictive Control (MPC) mechanism is the widely used optimization tool. This scheme predicts the upcoming behavior of a plant parameter by defining a mathematical model in terms of present state variables. In this paper Predictive Current Control (PCC) techniques of a Three Phase Inverter fed Induction Motor (IM) Drive have been proposed. The predictive control action is categorized in to Finite Control Set (FCS) and Integral Finite Control Set (IFCS) approach. FCS-MPC control algorithm is based on evaluation of a cost function and selecting the control signal from a finite set of signals which satisfies minimum value of the cost function, which is formulated by calculating the square error, i.e. the reference current against the stator measured current. But in IFCS-MPC method cascade feedback structure is employed with appropriate controller gain to obtain an optimal set of control variables. With the direction in minimization of principle, these methods provide the control of the switching states for inversion, to the inverter and inverter generates actuating voltage signals to the induction motor. In these methods, finite numbers of vectors of voltages are considered to achieve the switching states for operation. The electromagnetic torque and load currents of IM obtained from each of the implemented control techniques have been compared to identify the most flexible and robust predictive strategy. All these control methods have been investigated using MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Anatomical characterisation of three different psychosurgical targets in the subthalamic area: from the basal ganglia to the limbic system
Authors: Santin Marie Neiges , Tempier Nicolas , Belaid Hayat , Zenoni Matthieu , Dumas Sylvie , Wallén-Mackenzie Åsa , Bardinet Eric , Destrieux Christophe , François Chantal , KARACHI Carine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Effective neural stimulation for the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders needs accurate characterisation of surgical targets. This is especially true for the medial subthalamic region (MSR) which contains three targets: the anteromedial STN for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) for depression and OCD, and the “Sano triangle” for pathological aggressiveness. Blocks containing the subthalamic area were obtained from two human brains. After obtaining 11.7-Tesla MRI, blocks were cut in regular sections for immunohistochemistry. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation was performed on the macaque MSR. Electron microscopic observation for synaptic specialisation were performed on human and macaque subthalamic fresh samples. Images of human brain sections were reconstructed in a cryoblock which was registered on the MRI and histological slices were then registered. The STN contains glutamatergic and fewer GABAergic neurons and has no strict boundary with the adjacent MSR. The anteromedial STN has abundant dopaminergic and serotoninergic innervation with sparse dopaminergic neurons. The MFB is composed of dense anterior dopaminergic and posterior serotoninergic fibres, and fewer cholinergic and glutamatergic fibres. Medially, the Sano triangle contains orexinergic terminals from the hypothalamus, and neurons with strong nuclear oestrogen receptor-alpha staining with a decreased anteroposterior and mediolateral gradient of staining. These findings provide new insight regarding MSR cells and their fibre specialisation, forming a transition zone between the basal ganglia and the limbic systems. Our 3D reconstruction enabled us to visualise the main histological features of the three targets which should enable better targeting and understanding of neuromodulatory stimulation results in severe psychiatric conditions.
What we've got here is failure to communicate: Exploring perceptions of how much feedback is happening in clinical workplace teaching
Authors: Wiebe Delaney , Zulla Rosslynn , Ross Shelley 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Feedback is invaluable in helping learners improve their performance and clinical competence, but studies have historically documented contrasting perspectives between learners and teachers in how much feedback is given by teachers to learners in clinical training. We explore why there is a discrepancy between learner and teacher perceptions of the feedback that is shared in a clinical teaching encounter.
Methods: We recruited 23 preceptors (clinical teachers) from a mid-size Canadian medical school that has a diverse group of generalist and focused specialties. We used inductive content analysis to explore preceptors’ perceptions of both how much feedback they shared with learners, as well as amount of feedback that they believe learners would report was shared.
Results: Analysis of interviews generated two themes: (i) difficulty among preceptors in quantifying the feedback they share to learners, and; (ii) discrepancies between preceptors in the definition of feedback.
Discussion: The key themes identified in this study highlight that preceptors’ varying definitions of feedback and their difficulty in ascertaining how much feedback they share with learners can be attributed to a lack of a common understanding of feedback. When engaging in a feedback conversation, both the teacher and the learner engage in a meaning-making process that yields a shared understanding that feedback is occurring, and that information offered by the teacher is aimed at supporting the learner. We recommend that both faculty development sessions and educational sessions with learners should incorporate early check-ins to ensure a shared understanding of the definition of feedback.
Identification of novel mouse embryonic brain microRNAs using deep sequencing.
Authors: Szakats Susanna , McAtamney Alice , Wilson Megan J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Many advances in small RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics pipelines have been made since the most recent publication to discover novel miRNAs in the embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5) mouse brain. We aimed to improve miRNA discovery in this tissue to expand our knowledge regarding the regulatory networks that underpin normal neurodevelopment, find new candidates for neurodevelopmental disorder aetiology, and deepen our understanding of non-coding RNA evolution. A high-quality small RNA-seq dataset of 458M reads was generated. An unbiased miRNA discovery pipeline identified fifty putative novel miRNAs, from which six were selected for further validation. A combination of conservation analysis and the target-functional prediction was employed to determine the authenticity of novel miRNA candidates. These findings demonstrated that miRNAs remain to be discovered, particularly if they have features of other small RNA species.
Knowledge-map analysis of bladder cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Lv Zongwei , Hou Junhui , Wang Yuan , Wang Xia , Wang Yibing , Wang Kefeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
This study aims to conduct the bibliometric and visual analyses in the field of bladder cancer (BC) immunotherapy, and explore the research trends, hotspots and frontiers from 2000 to 2021.
Methods
Data were obtained from the Web of Science core collection database, which collected 2,022 papers related to BC immunotherapy around the world from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021. VOSviewer software was used to comprehensively analyze the collaborative relationships between authors, institutions, countries/regions, journals through citation, co-authorship, co-citation, etc., so as to identify research hotspots and frontiers in this research field.
Results
The trend of literature publication was relatively flat from 2000 to 2015, and since 2015, the literature publication showed an overall upward trend. The United States of America has published 643 papers with 27,241 citations, ranked first among the top 10 most active countries, and has the most extensive collaboration with other countries. The University of Texas MD Anderson CANC CTR has published 62 articles, making it the most published articles and active collaborative research institution. Kamat AM and Lamm DL were the most active and co-cited authors with 27 papers and 1,039 co-citations, respectively. Chang yuan and Xu le ranked first with 145 total link strength, becoming the most active collaborative authors. J UROLOGY was the most active and frequently co-cited journal, with 106 papers and 6,764 co-citations. Studies of BC immunotherapy can be divided into three categories: “basic research”, “clinical trial” and “prognosis”.
Conclusions
Our findings provide a comprehensive overview of the research priorities and future directions of BC immunotherapy. Tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of BC, as well as the combination of ICIs and other drugs may become the main direction of future research.
Concurrent dietary incorporation of bentonite clay reduces aflatoxin induced health effects in white pekin ducks
Authors: Das Pallavi Priyadarshani , Patra Ramesh , GR Jena , Kumar Dhirendra , Panda S. K , Sahoo Rajasri , Meher S , Senapati SK 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An experiment was carried out to assess the efficacy bentonite clay supplementation in the diet of white pekin ducks, experimentally fed with aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet (96 ppb) on production performance, and biochemical parameters including oxidative stress indices. The experimental birds (n=72) were provided with standard duck feed and ad libitum water. The grower white pekin ducks, aged 9 weeks, were randomly divided into six groups containing twelve birds in each group. The birds of group I served as healthy controls and was fed with basal diet without addition of toxin or bentonite clay. The birds of group II were provided with a diet with toxin level of 48 µg/kg of feed. The grower ducklings of group III to VI were fed with a diet containing 96 µg of toxin/kg of feed. The experimental feed was provided from 9th week of age (grower stage) for a period of 6 weeks. The birds of group IV, V and VI were provided with feed containing 96 µg aflatoxin /kg of feed along with bentonite clay at the dose rate of 1, 2 or 3g of clay/ kg of feed, respectively. The birds fed with aflatoxin-treated diet showed decreased body weight gain, and there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight gain by 4th week of experiment in group II and III. However, the body weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in bentonite clay supplemented group IV, V, and VI, as compared to toxin-exposed positive group II and III. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) increased significantly in Group II and III by 4th week. At the end of 6th week, group II and III showed significantly higher FCR. Significantly decreased serum triglyceride level and increased cholesterol level was recorded in group II and III in comparison to all other groups on 4th week. There was significant decrease in creatinine level in group IV, V, and VI compared to group II and III on completion of 4th week of the experiment. The activity of GGT increased significantly in all aflatoxin exposed groups. The feeding of aflatoxin contaminated feed increased the erythrocytic malonaldehyde (MDA) production and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. It is concluded from the experiment that bentonite clay supplementation in the diet at the dose rate of 3g/ kg of feed reduced the toxic effects of aflatoxin on production performance and oxidative stress in white pekin ducks.
The impact of hematological and radiation parameters on clinical prognosis of esophageal cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Li Hui , Shi Shutong , Wang Qiang , Fang Ying , Zhang Rongrong , Gu Dayong , Zhang Zhi , Guo Yiyu , Wang Tian , Zhou Guoren , Ye Jinjun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
The aims of the study were to conduct a survival analysis of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with radical chemoradiotherapy and to identify prognostic variables from among the hematological and radiotherapy parameters.
Methods:
Cases of ESCC receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and September 2020 were screened. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of hematologic and dosimetric parameters on overall survival (OS). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated by dividing absolute neutrophil count (ANC) by absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) in the week prior to radical radiotherapy. Variables associated with radiation were gathered according to dose-volume histograms (DVH). X-tile software was used to determine the optimal cut-off values for pre-treatment NLR and post-treatment ALC nadir. Associations between lymphopenia and dose-volume parameters were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.
Results:
The study comprised a total of 100 ESCC patients. The median follow-up of surviving patients was 33.9 months (interquartile range, 29.2-41.1), with 1-year and 3-year OS rates of 87% and 62.5%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated a significant survival benefit in patients with lower baseline NLR (≤2.2), higher ALC nadir (>0.24*109/L), lighter lymphopenia (value dropped<1.82*109/L), and lower mean lung dose (<10.75Gy). Dose-volume parameters of the heart and lungs were correlated with radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
In ESCC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy, baseline NLR, ALC nadir, degree of lymphopenia and mean lung dose (MLD) are independent prognostic factors for OS. Optimization of radiation parameters in the heart and lungs can be effective in avoiding RIL.
Self-Learning of Cardiac Ultrasound by Medical Students – Can augmented online training improve manual POCUS skills?
Authors: Gat Tomer , Galante Ori , Sadeh Re'em , Kobal Xergio , Fuchs Lior 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The use of Cardiac Point Of Care Ultra-Sound is rapidly growing; so is the demand for quality POCUS teaching. POCUS teaching is usually conducted in small groups requiring much space and equipment. This study attempts to test whether providing students undergoing a POCUS course with access to a cardiac POCUS E-learning platform significantly increases students' image acquisition skills. If student performances improve, this could demonstrate the potential of E-learning technology at improving POCUS teaching without having to add extra hands-on teaching hours, making POCUS teaching cheaper, more efficient, and more accessible for all.
Methods
Two groups of medical students had undergone the same hands-on Cardiac POCUS course before their internal clerkship. During the clerkship, members of both study groups got to practice their newly acquired cardiac POCUS skills in the internal wards. The group was provided with accounts to a cardiac POCUS teaching E-learning platform (eMedical Academy©). A month and a half into their clerkship, both groups underwent a pre-validated ultrasound examination. The two groups' test results were then compared for each POCUS view and for the total exam score.
Results
The E-learning group performed significantly better than the course-only group in the six-minute exam total score, and at acquiring the following views: parasternal long axis view, apical four-chamber view, and the inferior vena cava view.
Conclusion
E-learning platforms can be an efficient tool for improving cardiac POCUS teaching. Using it as a supplement to a hands-on course provides better POCUS skills without the need of extra hands-on teaching.
Protective effect of betanin on cadmium-induced toxicity in MRC-5 cells
Authors: Rajabian Fatemeh , Rajabian Arezoo , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental polluter and toxic heavy metal which is carcinogenic for humans. The exposure of humans to Cd is through ingestion and inhalation. Betanin is a betalain component in the root of red beets and it has strong anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the current article, the protective effect of betanin on Cd-induced toxicity was evaluated in MRC-5 cells (human fetal lung fibroblasts).
The MRC-5 cells were co-treated to different concentrations of betanin (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM) and Cd (35 µM) for 24 hours. The cell viability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis were determined by MTT, fluorimetry, flow cytometric, and western blot methods, respectively.
According to the results, Cd declined cell viability and increased ROS production, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis in MRC-5 cells, So Cd-induced toxicity in MRC-5 cells. The co-treatment of Cd and betanin (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM, for 24 hours) significantly declined its cytotoxicity. So, betanin enhanced cell viability and declined ROS generation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis (caspase 3-cleaved, cleaved PARP) in MRC-5 cells.
The treatment of MRC-5 cells with betanin can decline Cd-induced toxicity via the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis effects of it.
Do inequalities in access to water and electricity increase homicide in sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Jean Tchitchoua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of inequalities on water and electricity supply on homicide. This study uses panel data on intentional homicide rates and inequality for a sample of 21 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000–2015, based on information from the United Nations World Crime Survey, World Bank data and the World Development Indicator, to analyse the effect of inequality on intentional homicide. A climate model incorporating inequality is estimated using the Pooled OLS method and the DCM method. These estimators take into account unobserved country-specific effects, the joint endogeneity of some of the explanatory variables and the existence of certain types of measurement errors affecting the homicide data. The results show that inequalities on water and electricity supply increase the rate of intentional homicide. Furthermore, by performing a long-run dynamic fixed effects analysis, the results showed that inequalities in access to water and inequalities in access to electricity will increase the more significant and robust coefficients of the intentional homicide rate if governments do not implement better strategies.
JEL Classification : D63, K42, N37, N77
A note on Erdös-Lax type inequalities for polynomials
Authors: Nazir Ishfaq , Mir Mohammad Ibrahim , Wani Irfan Ahmad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to establish some results for the polar derivative of a polynomial in the plane that are inspired by a classical result of Erdös-Lax that relates the sup-norm of the derivative on the unit circle to that of the polynomial itself (on the unit circle) by using extreme coefficients of the given polynomial. The obtained results may be useful in various applications that required the Erdös-Lax type inequalities. Moreover, a numerical example is presented, showing that in some situations, the bounds obtained by our results can be considerably sharper than the previous ones known in very rich literature on this subject.
Mathematics Subject Classi cation: Primary 30A10 , 30C10, Secondary 30D15.
Determination of the corrosion-oxidation turning point at the Field’s metal/chromium interface by electrical contact resistance measurement
Authors: Micallef Antoine , Stiewe Christian , Müller Eckhard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The correlation of the electrical contact resistance measurement and microanalysis of the Field’s metal (FM)/Cr interface was used to determine the temperature-dependent reactions at the interface. Oxidation of Cr by oxygen contained in FM was identified through a sharp increase of the contact resistance around a certain temperature, above which the following resistance decrease was associated to a corrosion phase. The corrosion-oxidation turning point was evaluated around 390 °C. Cr saturation in FM combined with a complete consumption of the oxygen contained in the FM induced a stabilization of the interface giving a specific contact resistance of about 30 µΩ·cm2.
Lifestyle factors and the risk associated with conventional adenomas and serrated polyps among healthy people undergoing a medical checkup
Authors: Sui Ying , Lu Wen-ping , Zheng Yan-song , Wang Ji , Gong Yan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: The association between lifestyle factors and the risk of colon adenomas and serrated polyps (SPs) in the in asymptomatic healthy people is unclear.
Aims: The aim of this study was to explore and compare the lifestyle-related risk factors related to colon adenomas and SPs on average-risk individuals.
Methods: A total of 5736 subjects，namely, 4346 men (75.77%) and 1390 women (24.23%), with an average age of 48.60 ± 7.29 years were included. Subjects underwent colonoscopy and provided diet and lifestyle data for 5 years.
Results: We documented the data of 555 conventional adenomas, 324 SPs, and 95 synchronous adenomas and SPs. Logistic regression analysis indicated smoking, middle age, overweight and high education level was common risk factors for adenomas and SPs. Smokers were more likely to develop adenomas (OR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.29-1.54) and SPs (OR: 1.62, 95%CI: 1.46-1.81), respectively. The risk of adenomas and SPs in middle-aged adults was 1.92 (OR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.55-2.37) and 1.36 fold (OR: 1.36, [95%CI: 1.07-1.73]) compared with young adults, respectively. SPs were more strongly correlated with BMI than adenomas (P<0.05). Those with a high educational background had a higher risk of conventional adenomas (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99-1.29) and SPs (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.96-1.31) compared to individuals with a low educational background. Men and fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L were associated with higher risk of adenomas.
Conclusions: Lifestyle risk factors have different association with adenomas or SPs. These findings provide new clues for the prevention of colorectal polyps.