bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methamphetamine and emerging drugs of concern: A training needs analysis of Australian alcohol and other drug helplines
Authors: Bascombe Florence , Siefried Krista J. , Clifford Brendan , Child Stacey , Loos Rick , Sgouras Hazel , Stevens Lynn , Wilson Hollie , Ezard Nadine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionFielding greater than 100,000 calls annually, telephone helplines are an important point of entry to alcohol and other drug (AOD) support and services in Australia. Methamphetamine and emerging drugs can present a particular challenge for this workforce. We sought to identify training needs for these services, so that appropriate targeted resources can be developed.MethodsWe distributed an anonymous, online, cross‐sectional survey to helpline staff from New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia. Based on the WHO Hennessy‐Hicks training needs analysis tool, participants were asked: to rate on a 7‐point likert scale the importance of a topic to their practice and how well they perform in relation to the topic; open‐ended questions specifying their own self‐perceived training needs; and demographic data.ResultsOf 50 participants, 29 completed the full survey (median age 49 [IQR 30–57.5]; median time working in AOD sector 6 years [IQR 1–20]). The results identified a need for: practical community‐informed population relevant information for culturally and linguistically diverse populations and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples for calls relating to methamphetamine and emerging drugs of concern; training and resources with a particular focus on families and friends of people who use methamphetamine and emerging drugs; and readily accessible up‐to‐date information on new and emerging drugs and treatment of related disorders.Discussion and ConclusionsThis training needs analysis provides a structured approach to supporting the first‐line AOD counsellors to provide up‐to‐date and accurate information to assist Australians seeking information, support and advice.
Dysregulated TDP‐43 proteostasis perturbs excitability of spinal motor neurons during brainstem‐mediated fictive locomotion in zebrafish
Authors: Asakawa Kazuhide , Handa Hiroshi , Kawakami Koichi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpinal motor neurons (SMNs) are the primary target of degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Degenerating motor neurons accumulate cytoplasmic TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) aggregates in most ALS cases. This SMN pathology can occur without mutation in the coding sequence of the TDP‐43‐encoding gene, TARDBP. Whether and how wild‐type TDP‐43 drives pathological changes in SMNs in vivo remains largely unexplored. In this study, we develop a two‐photon calcium imaging setup in which tactile‐evoked neural responses of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord can be monitored using the calcium indicator GCaMP. We devise a piezo‐assisted tactile stimulator that reproducibly evokes a brainstem descending neuron upon tactile stimulation of the head. A direct comparison between caudal primary motor neurons (CaPs) with or without TDP‐43 overexpression in contiguous spinal segments demonstrates that CaPs overexpressing TDP‐43 display attenuated Ca2+ transients during fictive escape locomotion evoked by the tactile stimulation. These results show that excessive amounts of TDP‐43 protein reduce the neuronal excitability of SMNs and potentially contribute to asymptomatic pathological lesions of SMNs and movement disorders in patients with ALS.
Pcgf1 gene disruption reveals primary involvement of epigenetic mechanism in neuronal subtype specification in the enteric nervous system
Authors: Putra Bayu Pratama , Ito Keisuke , Cirillo Carla , Sunardi Mukhamad , Koseki Haruhiko , Uesaka Toshihiro , Enomoto Hideki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates gut functions independently from the central nervous system (CNS) by its highly autonomic neural circuit that integrates diverse neuronal subtypes. Although several transcription factors are shown to be necessary for the generation of some enteric neuron subtypes, the mechanisms underlying neuronal subtype specification in the ENS remain elusive. In this study, we examined the biological function of Polycomb group RING finger protein 1 (PCGF1), one of the epigenetic modifiers, in the development and differentiation of the ENS by disrupting the Pcgf1 gene selectively in the autonomic‐lineage cells. Although ENS precursor migration and enteric neurogenesis were largely unaffected, neuronal differentiation was impaired in the Pcgf1‐deficient mice, with the numbers of neurons expressing somatostatin (Sst+) decreased in multiple gut regions. Notably, the decrease in Sst+ neurons was associated with the corresponding increase in calbindin+ neurons in the proximal colon. These findings suggest that neuronal subtype conversion may occur in the absence of PCGF1, and that epigenetic mechanism is primarily involved in specification of some enteric neuron subtypes.
Exploration of the individual, social and environmental factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes working in UK healthcare—The Shift‐Diabetes Study: A qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Gibson Rachel , D'Annibale Maria , Oliver Nick , McGowan Barbara , Forbes Gillian , Crayton Elise , Guess Nicola , Lorencatto Fabiana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo identify factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) working in UK healthcare settings.MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews based on the theoretical domains framework (TDF) were conducted with a convenience sample (n = 15) of shift workers (32–59 years) diagnosed with T2D who worked night shifts as part of a mixed shift schedule. The TDF was applied to analyse transcripts using a combined deductive framework and inductive thematic analysis approach. Identified influences were mapped to the behaviour change technique taxonomy to identify potential strategies to change dietary behaviour in this context.ResultsKey barriers to healthy dietary behaviours were access and cost of food available during night work (TDF domain: Environment Context and Resources). Factors identified as both enablers and barriers included: availability of staff facilities and time to take a break, (Environment Context and Resources), the physical impact of night work (Beliefs About Consequences), eating in response to stress or tiredness (Emotion), advance planning of meals/food and taking own food to work (Behavioural Regulation). Potential techniques to address these influences and improve dietary behaviour in this context include: meal planning templates, self‐monitoring and biofeedback, and increasing accessibility and availability of healthier food choices during night shifts.ConclusionsThe dietary behaviour of shift workers with T2D is influenced by interacting individual, socio‐cultural and environmental factors. Intervention should focus on environmental restructuring and strategies that enable monitoring and meal planning.
Macronutrient regulation in adult spotted‐wing Drosophila and nutritional impacts on susceptibility to three commonly‐used insecticides
Authors: Deans Carrie A. , Hutchison William D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nutrition provides the resources necessary to carry out all the physiological functions organisms require. This has important implications for insect pest management, as polyphagous species can experience considerable nutritional variability, which may impact their response to management tactics.
Many studies have shown that dietary protein and carbohydrates play a primary role in insect fitness and that insects regulate their intake of these macronutrients to reach an optimal balance or intake target. Importantly, this intake target can vary across developmental stages, gender, and environmental conditions as physiological requirements change.
In this study, we determined the intake target for adult spotted‐wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, an invasive polyphagous fruit pest. We found that adult D. suzukii regulate their intake to meet a 1:4–1:5 protein‐to‐carbohydrate ratio, which is slightly more carbohydrate‐biased than the larval intake target. We also examined the effect of nutritional state on susceptibility to three commonly‐used insecticides by rearing flies on diets with different field‐relevant protein‐to‐carbohydrate ratios and exposing adults to an LC50 dose of zeta‐cypermethrin, spinetoram, or pyrethrin.
Overall, female flies had higher survivorship than males, and diet effects varied across insecticides. Diet had no impact in the spinetoram treatments, while the extreme carbohydrate‐ and protein‐biased diets produced the lowest survivorship and reproductive performance in the zeta‐cypermethrin treatments. Survivorship increased with dietary protein in the pyrethrin treatments but reproductive performance did not differ across diets. Our results suggest that tactics, which reduce fly access to dietary protein sources, such as sterilisation, could increase fly susceptibility to insecticides.
Next generation sequencing in routine diagnostics of maturenon‐Hodgkin's B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Breinholt Marie Fredslund , Schejbel Lone , Gang Anne Ortved , Nielsen Torsten Holm , Pedersen Lars Møller , Høgdall Estrid , Nørgaard Peter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionIntegration of molecular characterization of lymphomas in clinical diagnostics may improve subclassification and risk‐stratification, and we implemented a next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis as part of routine diagnostic work‐up of all mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (B‐NHL). Here, we present data of mutational profiles with potential complementary diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value detected in our consecutive non‐selected cohort of B‐NHL patients.MethodsNGS results from 298 patients with both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory disease were included as a single center study. NGS was performed as routine analysis together with standard diagnostic work‐up using a custom‐made amplicon PCR‐based multiplex NGS panel covering all coding exons and consensus splice sites in 59 genes.ResultsMutations were detected in 94% of the 298 samples. Most lymphomas could be classified definitively, but 24 cases were classified as small B‐cell lymphomas without defining characteristics. Of these, 50% (12/24 cases) could retrospectively be assigned a likely diagnostic subtype according to mutational findings.ConclusionImplementation of a 59 gene exome sequencing panel added diagnostic value to 50% of unclassified cases and provided in 94% of the cases possible biomarkers for disease monitoring as well as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers for future studies.
Whole‐brain connectivity to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis calretinin‐expressing interneurons in male mice
Authors: Zhu Ke‐Wei , Tao Gui‐Jin , Huang Zhi‐Li , Qu Wei‐Min , Wang Lu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a neuropeptide‐enriched brain region that modulates a wide variety of emotional behaviours and states, including stress, anxiety, reward and social interaction. The BNST consists of diverse subregions and neuronal ensembles; however, because of the high molecular heterogeneity within BNST neurons, the mechanisms through which the BNST regulates distinct emotional behaviours remain largely unclear. Prior studies have identified BNST calretinin (CR)‐expressing neurons, which lack neuropeptides. Here, employing virus‐based cell‐type‐specific retrograde and anterograde tracing systems, we mapped the whole‐brain monosynaptic inputs and axonal projections of BNST CR‐expressing neurons in male mice. We found that BNST CR‐expressing neurons received inputs mainly from the amygdalopiriform transition area, central amygdala and hippocampus and moderately from the medial preoptic area, basolateral amygdala, paraventricular thalamus and lateral hypothalamus. Within the BNST, plenty of input neurons were primarily located in the oval and interfascicular subregions. Furthermore, numerous BNST CR‐expressing neuronal boutons were observed within the BNST but not in other brain regions, thus suggesting that these neurons are a type of interneuron. These results will help further elucidate the neuronal circuits underlying the elaborate and distinct functions of the BNST.
Transcranial direct‐current stimulation confers neuroprotection by regulating isoleucine‐dependent signalling after rat cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Yao Xujin , Kong Xiangyi , Ren Jinyang , Cui Yu , Chen Songfeng , Cheng Jing , Gao Jingchen , Sun Jiangdong , Xu Xiangyu , Hu Wenjie , Li Huanting , Che Fengyuan , Wan Qi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIsoleucine is a branched chain amino acid. The role of isoleucine in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury remains unclear. Here, we show that the concentration of isoleucine is decreased in cerebrospinal fluid in a rat model of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury, the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To our surprise, the level of intraneuronal isoleucine is increased in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia injury, the oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that the increased activity of LAT1, an L‐type amino acid transporter 1, leads to the elevation of intraneuronal isoleucine after OGD insult. Reducing the level of intraneuronal isoleucine promotes cell survival after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury, but supplementing isoleucine aggravates the neuronal damage. To understand how isoleucine promotes ischemia‐induced neuronal death, we reveal that isoleucine acts upstream to reduce the expression of CBFB (core binding factor β, a transcript factor involved in cell development and growth) and that the phosphatase PTEN acts downstream of CBFB to mediate isoleucine‐induced neuronal damage after OGD insult. Interestingly, we demonstrate that direct‐current stimulation reduces the level of intraneuronal isoleucine in cortical cultures subjected to OGD and that transcranial direct‐current stimulation (tDCS) decreases the cerebral infarct volume of MCAO rat through reducing LAT1‐depencent increase of intraneuronal isoleucine. Together, these results lead us to conclude that LAT1 over activation‐dependent isoleucine‐CBFB‐PTEN signal transduction pathway may mediate ischemic neuronal injury and that tDCS exerts its neuroprotective effect by suppressing LAT1 over activation‐dependent signalling after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Development of multisensory processing in ferret parietal cortex
Authors: Medina Alexandre E. , Foxworthy W. Alex , Keum Dongil , Meredith M. Alex 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is well known that the nervous system adjusts itself to its environment during development. Although a great deal of effort has been directed towards understanding the developmental processes of the individual sensory systems (e.g., vision, hearing, etc.), only one major study has examined the maturation of multisensory processing in cortical neurons. Therefore, the present investigation sought to evaluate multisensory development in a different cortical region and species. Using multiple single‐unit recordings in anaesthetised ferrets (n = 18) of different ages (from postnatal day 80 to 300), we studied the responses of neurons from the rostral posterior parietal (PPr) area to presentations of visual, tactile and combined visual‐tactile stimulation. The results showed that multisensory neurons were infrequent at the youngest ages (pre‐pubertal) and progressively increased through the later ages. Significant response changes that result from multisensory stimulation (defined as multisensory integration [MSI]) were observed in post‐pubertal adolescent animals, and the magnitude of these integrated responses also increased across this age group. Furthermore, non‐significant multisensory response changes were progressively increased in adolescent animals. Collectively, at the population level, MSI was observed to shift from primarily suppressive levels in infants to increasingly higher levels in later stages. These data indicate that, like the unisensory systems from which it is derived, multisensory processing shows developmental changes whose specific time course may be regionally and species‐dependent.
Do CEO career dynamics matter in environmental management? New evidence from the United Kingdom
Authors: Al‐Najjar Basil , Abualqumboz Moheeb 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of CEO career dynamics (including CEO tenure, CEO horizon and CEO seasons) on environmental management within the UK context. Unlike the previous studies that have primarily focused on corporate social performance, we instead examine these relations within the environmental management context. We posit and detect that CEO tenure has a positive nonlinear association with environmental management, indicating that CEOs' interest in environmental issues diminishes over time. We also provide evidence that CEO horizon has a positive impact on environmental management. Finally, as regards CEO seasons, we provide limited support that CEOs in their ‘convergence’, and ‘Response to mandate and experimentation’ stages are associated with environmental management. These results hold important implications for both firms and policymakers in the United Kingdom.
High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging of acute intracranial artery thrombus
Authors: Zhang Zong‐Mu‐Yu , Si Qian‐Qian , Chen Hui‐Sheng , Yang Yi , Zhang Meng , Wu Shi‐Wen , Meng Yao , Li Ming‐Li , Lin Qian‐Qian , Liebeskind David S. , Huang Yi‐Ning , Xu Wei‐Hai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe development of high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR‐MRI) has enabled submillimeter‐level evaluation of intracranial artery plaque and luminal thrombus. We sought to investigate the value of HR‐MRI in assessing the pathogenesis of acute intracranial artery thrombus.MethodsWe examined the presence of intracranial thrombus on three‐dimensional T1‐weighted HR‐MRI in acute ischemic stroke patients with intracranial artery occlusion on magnetic resonance angiography. We defined two thrombus‐related HR‐MRI features (peri‐thrombus plaque and distal residual flow beyond the thrombus) and analyzed their association with potential embolic sources.ResultsLuminal thrombus and a shrunken artery without luminal thrombus were detected in 162 (96.4%) and six (3.6%) of 168 patients with intracranial artery occlusion, respectively. Among 111 patients with culprit major artery thrombus, peri‐thrombus plaques were observed in 46.8% and distal residual flow beyond the thrombus in 64.0%. Patients with peri‐thrombus plaque had a higher prevalence of diabetes (44.2% vs. 25.4%; p = 0.037), a lower prevalence of potential sources of cardioembolism (0% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.002), and a nonsignificantly lower prevalence of potential embolic sources from extracranial arteries (9.6% vs. 20.3%; p = 0.186) than those without. Patients with distal residual flow beyond the thrombus had a lower prevalence of potential sources of cardioembolism (1.4% vs. 22.5%; p < 0.001) and smaller infarct volumes (5.0 [1.4–12.7] mL vs. 16.6 [2.4–94.6] mL; p = 0.012) than those without.ConclusionsOur study showed that HR‐MRI helps clarify the pathogenesis of acute intracranial artery thrombus. The presence of peri‐thrombus plaque and distal residual flow beyond the thrombus favor the stroke mechanism of atherosclerosis rather than cardioembolism.
Catamenial epilepsy occurrence and patterns in a mixed population of women with epilepsy
Authors: Voinescu P. Emanuela , Kelly McKenna , French Jacqueline A. , Harden Cynthia , Davis Anne , Lau Connie , Ehlert Alexa , Allien Stephanie , Osterhaus Emma , Barnard Sarah , Jain Rishabh , Pennell Page B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the occurrence and distribution of patterns of catamenial epilepsy in a heterogenous cohort of women with epilepsy on no hormonal therapies, enrolled in a prospective, observational study. The primary aim of the study was pregnancy rate in women with epilepsy with no prior reproductive problems. In this analysis, we included women who recorded one or more menstrual cycles with one or more seizures. We measured progesterone concentrations for one to three cycles. We defined catamenial patterns as twofold or greater average daily seizure frequency around menstruation (C1), ovulation (C2), and for anovulatory cycles, from midcycle through menstruation (C3). Twenty‐three of the 89 enrolled women with epilepsy were eligible for this analysis; 12 of 23 met criteria for catamenial epilepsy; five of 23 demonstrated only a C1 pattern, two of 23 only a C2 pattern, five of 23 a combined C1/C2 pattern, and the one woman with anovulatory cycles did not demonstrate a C3 pattern. There were no differences in likelihood of demonstrating a catamenial pattern between those who reported a prior catamenial pattern and those who did not (p = .855). This analysis demonstrates the utility of app‐based tracking to determine a catamenial pattern. Larger prospective studies could confirm these findings and inform potential therapeutic trial designs for catamenial epilepsy.
Influence of mean stress and pressurized water reactor environment on the fatigue behavior of a 304L austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Peng Ziling , Hénaff Gilbert , Le Roux Jean‐Christophe , Verlet Romain 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUniaxial strain‐controlled fatigue tests were carried out on a 304L austenitic stainless‐steel specimens in air at 300°C and in pressurized water reactor (PWR), without or with the application of a mean stress, at different total strain amplitudes. For strain amplitude no less than 0.2%, a deleterious effect of PWR water on fatigue life is observed, associated with the enhancement of both crack initiation and propagation. Besides, the fatigue life is reduced by the application of a mean stress for a fixed strain amplitude in a given environment. In particular, due to the acceleration of crack initiation stage by an enhancement of the plastic strain accumulation, the PWR water effect on fatigue life is re‐activated for strain amplitude below 0.2% in the presence of a mean stress. The fatigue life reduction under mean stress application is mostly related to the maximum stress level and strain amplitude, rather than the generated ratcheting strain.