bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial inclusion: philosophical and methodological underpinnings
Authors: Sapre Nikhil 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Financial inclusion is broadly described as the ability of individuals and businesses to access useful and affordable financial products and services that meet their needs – transactions, payments, savings, credit and insurance – delivered in a responsible and sustainable way. It is considered a key driver of economic growth and financial well-being. Given the significance and relevance of this topic, the purpose of this note is to critically evaluate the ontological and epistemological stance of existing research on financial inclusion. Furthermore, this note examines the influence on the research design.

Design/methodology/approach
Beginning with a brief description of the key concepts, this note presents a conceptual framework and substantiates the recommended philosophical paradigm through a detailed appraisal of its appropriateness, relative strengths and limitations.

Findings
Drawing from a range of philosophical worldviews, which can at times seem indistinguishable especially in finance and economics, this note proposes that objectivism with a realist approach is foundational to academic research on financial inclusion. Furthermore, this note makes recommendations with regards to research design.

Originality/value
This note not only presents a comprehensive assessment of the problematics and the underlying metatheoretical assumptions proposed by Cunliffe (2011) but is also, to the best of author’s knowledge, the first to highlight its relevance to the formal financial system in general and to financial inclusion in particular.
An investigation into the potential of water retted fiber from agricultural waste of Curcuma longa plant for textile application
Authors: Martina Tina , Wardiningsih Wiah , Rianti Ajeng , Rudy Ryan , Pradana Samuel Martin 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to characterize the fiber from Curcuma longa (turmeric) stems. The fiber’s properties were used to assess its potential for textile yarn production.

Design/methodology/approach
The natural fiber used in this investigation was extracted from agricultural waste through a cold water-retting process.

Findings
The Curcuma longa fiber had a crystallinity of 50%. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were detected in the fibers’ Fourier transform infrared spectra. A Curcuma longa fiber bundle contains several constituent fibers. The fibers exhibited an irregular cross-section, with a variable oval shape for the lumen. The fibers of Curcuma longa averaged 30.22 cm in length. The fineness of the fibers was 6.58 Tex. In this study, Curcuma longa fibers had an 11.30% moisture regain. The tensile strength of the fibers was 19.18 g/Tex. Curcuma longa fibers showed a break elongation of 9.79%. The fiber coefficient of friction was 0.3.

Originality/value
Curcuma longa has characteristics that make it appropriate for industrial uses like spinning. Thus, it is possible to use Curcuma longa fiber as a raw material for textiles.
New public sector management (NPM) doctrines and service delivery: the case of Mauritius
Authors: Lukea Bhiwajee Soolakshna 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate into the perception of new public sector management (NPM) and service delivery among senior officers of the Mauritian public sector in the context of reforms. Although improved service delivery is one of the salient outcomes of successful reforms of NPM, many governments in the world have not been able to fulfil this promise. While few extant research probe into the factors affecting service delivery, mostly from the customer’s perspective, this study probes into how senior public officers themselves perceive service delivery as part of their duty in government.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative stance was adopted for this study. Interviews were conducted with 23 senior public officers having on average 20 years of service in the Mauritian public sector. Data obtained was transcribed and coded under themes, sub-themes and emergent themes. These were then analysed in the light of the literature review conducted.

Findings
The findings of this study revealed that NPM was being practiced and service delivery was an imbedded factor among senior public sector officers of the Mauritian public sector. Among other factors, officers interviewed were of the opinion that serving the public was a legitimate part of their job, view that they had agreed to serve the government of Mauritius. Such a finding proves to be very encouraging for the Mauritian Government, still struggling to achieve reforms or NPM doctrines.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the scant literature on NPM and service delivery in small island developing states. It explores the perception of experienced senior officers about the practice of NPM and the state of service delivery.

Practical implications
This study elucidates how senior public servants themselves perceive service delivery and can, thus, serve as an example of public sector best practices in small island developing states.

Originality/value
While most studies with respect to public sector reforms concentrate on developed countries, this study takes place in the small island state of Mauritius. More so, the perception of public servants themselves have been explored in the context of service delivery improvement and reforms, contrary to other studies which concentrate of the customers’ perceptions.
Tourist behaviour change for sustainable consumption (SDG Goal12): Tourism Agenda 2030 perspective article
Authors: Dolnicar Sara 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this perspective paper is to draw attention to how the tourism industry can take action to contribute to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 by nudging tourists to behave in more environmentally sustainable ways. Many of the available practical approaches are easy and cheap to implement and therefore can be deployed easily by small and medium-sized tourism businesses.

Design/methodology/approach
This perspective paper reviews past contributions to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 and calls for more future research that develops and empirically test effective behavioural change interventions.

Findings
Future research must focus on two directions: the development and empirical testing in the field of new behavioural change interventions that entice tourists to behave in more environmentally sustainable ways, and the development and large-scale deployment of affordable instrumentation to automatically and continuously measure the environmental performance of tourism businesses.

Originality/value
This perspective paper synthesizes literature and point to important new future research directions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first synthesis of past tourism research that has developed and empirically tested tangible approaches the tourism industry can deploy to contribute to SGD 12.
Electric discharge drilling of blind holes in titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Sharma Sahendra Pal 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This experimental study aims to deal with the improvement of process performance of electric discharge drilling (EDD) for fabricating true blind holes in titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Micro EDD was performed on Ti6Al4V and blind holes were drilled into the workpiece.

Design/methodology/approach
The effects of input parameters (i.e. voltage, capacitance and spindle speed) on responses (i.e. material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness [SR]) were evaluated through response surface methodology. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance and multi-optimization was performed for the optimized set of parameters. The optimized process parameters were then used to drill deeper blind holes.

Findings
Blind holes have few characteristics such as SR, taper angle and corner radius. The value of corner radius reflects the quality of the hole produced as well as the amount of tool roundness. The optimized process parameters suggested by the current experimental study lower down the response values (i.e. SR, taper angle and corner radius). The process is found very effective in producing finished blind holes.

Originality/value
This experimental study establishes EDD as a feasible process for the fabrication of truly blind holes in Ti6Al4V.
Development of an improved limit pressure equation for structurally distorted thin-walled pressurized 90 degree pipe bends
Authors: T. Raghuraman , AR. Veerappan , S. Shanmugam 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to present the approximate limit pressure solutions for thin-walled shape-imperfect 90° pipe bends. Limit pressure was determined by finite element (FE) limit analysis with the consideration of small geometry change effects.

Design/methodology/approach
The limit pressure of 90° pipe bends with ovality and thinning has been evaluated by geometric linear FE approach. Internal pressure was applied to the inner surface of the FE pipe bend models. When von-Mises stress equals or just exceeds the yield strength of the material, the corresponding pressure was considered as the limit pressure for all models. The current FE methodology was evaluated by the theoretical solution which has been published in the literature.

Findings
Ovality and thinning produced a significant effect on thin-walled pipe bends. The ovality weakened pipe bend performance at any constant thinning, while thinning improved the performance of the bend portion at any constant ovality. The limit pressure of pipe bends under internal pressure increased with an increase in the bend ratio and decreased with an increase in the pipe ratio. With a simultaneous increment in bend radius and reduction in wall thickness, there was a reduction in limit pressure. A new closed-form empirical solution was proposed to evaluate limit pressure, which was validated with published experimental data.

Originality/value
The influences of structural deformation (ovality and thinning) in the limit pressure analysis of 90° pipe bends have not been investigated and reported.
Phosphate limitation as crucial factor to enhance yeast lipid production from short‐chain fatty acids
Authors: Morales‐Palomo Sergio , Tomás‐Pejó Elia , González‐Fernández Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicrobial lipids for chemical synthesis are commonly obtained from sugar‐based substrates which in most cases is not economically viable. As a low‐cost carbon source, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that can be obtained from food wastes offer an interesting alternative for achieving an affordable lipid production process. In this study, SCFAs were employed to accumulate lipids using Yarrowia lipolytica ACA DC 50109. For this purpose, different amounts of SCFAs, sulfate, phosphate and carbon: phosphate ratios were used in both synthetic and real SCFAs‐rich media. Although sulfate limitation did not increase lipid accumulation, phosphate limitation was proved to be an optimal strategy for increasing lipid content and lipid yields in both synthetic and real media, reaching a lipid productivity up to 8.95 g/L h. Remarkably, the highest lipid yield (0.30 g/g) was achieved under phosphate absence condition (0 g/L). This fact demonstrated the suitability of using low‐phosphate concentrations to boost lipid production from SCFAs.
Bioimpedance as a measure of fluids in patients with septic shock. A prospective observational study
Authors: Madsen Janne Meisner , Itenov Theis S. , Koch Ellen Bjerre , Bestle Morten H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeptic shock is often treated with aggressive fluid resuscitation leading to profound fluid overload. The assessment of fluid status relies on suboptimal measures making treatment difficult. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an alternative but the validity is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis for fluid measures in patients with septic shock.MethodsSingle‐center, prospective observational cohort study. We included adult ICU patients with septic shock. We evaluated the agreement between measures on the left and right side of the patient and measures 1 h apart by two bioelectrical impedance devices. Results are presented as Bland Altman plots with 95% Limits of Agreements (LoA) and as correlations between bioelectrical impedance analysis results and clinical markers of fluids.ResultsForty‐nine patients were included. The agreement between measures on the left and the right side of the patient and after 1 h was overall without bias, but with wide LoA's. Fluid overload 1 h apart showed the most narrow 95% LoA (−2.4–2.9 L). The same wide limits of agreements were observed when comparing devices. For example, total body water with 95% LoA of −14.8 –16.7 L. Correlations between bioelectrical impedance analysis and clinical measures were low but statistically significant.ConclusionsIn patients with septic shock bioelectrical impedance analysis had no systematic errors or bias, but wide limits of agreement, indicating that the devices have a large and uncorrectable random error. Fluid status by bioelectrical impedance analysis is not sufficiently accurate to guide treatment in this group of patients.
Intensive care unit burden is associated with increased mortality in critically ill COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Didriksson Ingrid , Leffler Märta , Spångfors Martin , Lindberg Sarah , Reepalu Anton , Nilsson Anna , Cronqvist Jonas , Andertun Sara , Nelderup Maria , Jungner Mårten , Johnsson Patrik , Lilja Gisela , Frigyesi Attila , Friberg Hans 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraditional models to predict intensive care outcomes do not perform well in COVID‐19. We undertook a comprehensive study of factors affecting mortality and functional outcome after severe COVID‐19.MethodsIn this prospective multicentre cohort study, we enrolled laboratory‐confirmed, critically ill COVID‐19 patients at six ICUs in the Skåne Region, Sweden, between May 11, 2020, and May 10, 2021. Demographics and clinical data were collected. ICU burden was defined as the total number of ICU‐treated COVID‐19 patients in the region on admission. Surviving patients had a follow‐up at 90 days for assessment of functional outcome using the Glasgow Outcome Scale‐Extended (GOSE), an ordinal scale (1–8) with GOSE ≥5 representing a favourable outcome. The primary outcome was 90‐day mortality; the secondary outcome was functional outcome at 90 days.ResultsAmong 498 included patients, 74% were male with a median age of 66 years and a median body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2. Invasive mechanical ventilation was employed in 72%. Mortality in the ICU, in‐hospital and at 90 days was 30%, 38% and 39%, respectively. Mortality increased markedly at age 60 and older. Increasing ICU burden was independently associated with a two‐fold increase in mortality. Higher BMI was not associated with increased mortality. Besides age and ICU burden, smoking status, cortisone use, PaCO2 >7 kPa, and inflammatory markers on admission were independent factors of 90‐day mortality. Lower GOSE at 90 days was associated with a longer stay in the ICU.ConclusionIn critically ill COVID‐19 patients, the 90‐day mortality was 39% and increased considerably at age 60 or older. The ICU burden was associated with mortality, whereas a high BMI was not. A longer stay in the ICU was associated with unfavourable functional outcomes at 90 days.
CEO incentive compensation and stock price momentum
Authors: Wang Jian , Huang Yanhuang , Feng Hongrui , Li Xingjian , Yan Shu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe document strong evidence that CEO incentive compensation can predict the significance of stock price momentum through discretionary accrual and real activities manipulation. The profit of momentum strategy increases with CEO pay‐for‐performance incentive, but decreases with CEO risk‐taking incentive. It also evaluates the effects of information uncertainty on such relationship. The evidence is more significant for firms with older and longer tenured CEOs and firms with more informed traders. The relationship between the profit of momentum strategy and CEO pay‐for‐performance incentive is stronger among CEOs without the risk‐taking incentive. Our results are robust for different sub‐samples based on before and after Reg FD and Sarbanes–Oxley Act, even after controlling for the potential endogeneity. Further, our findings are consistent with the information diffusion explanation of momentum and the agency theory that incentivised CEOs tend to manipulate information by smoothing good news, concealing mildly bad news and accelerating the disclosure of extremely bad news.
Outcomes of early versus delayed trabeculotomy for primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Cronemberger Sebastião , Veloso Artur W. , Lins Pedro , Melo Ana Catarina , da Silva Alexandre Higino Gonçalves , de Figueiredo Barbosa Luciana , Martins Márcio Placedino 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeIn patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) causes abnormal eye growth. This study compared the outcomes of children with PCG who underwent ab externo trabeculotomy (TROC) at age ≤ 6 months (early TROC) and of those who underwent TROC at age > 6 months (delayed TROC).MethodsIntraocular pressure, horizontal corneal diameter (HCD), central corneal thickness (CCT) and axial length (AL) were compared before TROC and at 1‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up visits between the groups of children who underwent TROC until or after 6 months of age. The ALs of these groups were also compared with the ALs of healthy age‐matched eyes examined under the same conditions.ResultsTrabeculotomy was performed in 43 children: 18 (33 eyes) aged 6 months (group 1) and 25 (37 eyes) aged >6 months (group 2); the mean ages were 86.56 ± 53.64 and 504.48 ± 448.14 days, respectively. The mean pre‐ and 12‐month postoperative IOP values were 15.97 ± 4.78/16.62 ± 4.85 and 9.77 ± 2.88/10.93 ± 4.83 mmHg, respectively. Delayed TROC was associated with abnormal AL in 31 (88.6%) out of 37 eyes, while after early TROC, only 13 (41.9%) out of 33 eyes had abnormal AL (chi‐square, 8.00; p = 0.03). In multivariable analysis, each 1‐mmHg increase in preoperative IOP was associated with a 0.25‐mmHg increase at 12 months (p = 0.04). On average, the mean IOP of the delayed TROC group was higher than that of the early TROC group by 3.72 mmHg at postoperative month 12 (95% CI = 0.44–6.99; p = 0.02).ConclusionCompared with delayed TROC, early TROC is associated with reduced IOP and substantially reduced incidence of abnormal AL at postoperative month 12.
In‐hospital supplementation and subsequent breastfeeding practices in Finland: A cross‐sectional population‐level study
Authors: Ikonen Riikka , Kaunonen Marja , Hakulinen Tuovi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative suggests that in‐hospital supplementation should be avoided unless medically indicated. The supporting evidence is contradictory, as nonexperimental studies have shown an association between supplementation and decreased breastfeeding rates, whereas trials have failed to do so. The aim of this study was to investigate whether in‐hospital supplementation is associated with exclusive breastfeeding to the age of 5 months and any breastfeeding to the age of 12 months in full‐term, normal‐weight singleton infants.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of national‐level, cross‐sectional survey data. The data were collected in child health clinics in Finland. Families attending a regular health examination with a child aged 2 weeks to 12 months were eligible to participate. Full‐term, normal‐weight, singleton infants (n = 3025) were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression was performed using in‐hospital supplementation and socioeconomic characteristics as covariates and exclusive and any breastfeeding as outcomes.ResultsIn total, 55.3% (n = 1631) of the infants received in‐hospital supplementation. After controlling for socioeconomic factors, in‐hospital supplementation was associated with decreased exclusive breastfeeding to the age of 5 months and with a decrease in any breastfeeding to the age of 7 months.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that noncontrolled supplementation, without a trial's rigorous procedures of care, is associated with decreased breastfeeding postdischarge. Both donor milk and infant formula use were associated with lower breastfeeding rates, although the association was stronger with formula use. In clinical settings, liberal, nonmedically indicated supplementation should be avoided.
Genetically predicted selenium concentrations and thyroid function: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Hui‐Jun , Wang Shan‐Shan , Jin Ming‐Min , Cheng Bin‐Wei , Liu Yu , Liu Xiao‐Chen , Yu Qiu‐Yan , Yang Xin‐Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of selenium (Se) on human thyroid function remains unclear, with inconsistent results from recent epidemiological studies. Moreover, the observed associations are prone to bias due to potential confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis facilitates the large minimization of biases produced by environmental and lifestyle influences, providing unconfounded estimates of causal effects using instrumental variables. We aim to examine the association between Se concentrations and human thyroid function using a two‐sample MR analysis.Design and MethodsGenetic instruments for Se concentrations, including toenail and blood (TAB) and blood Se concentrations, were identified from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of blood Se (n = 5477) and toenail Se levels (n = 4162). GWAS summary statistics on thyroid phenotypes were downloaded from the ThyroidOmics consortium, including thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) (n = 54,288), free thyroxin (FT4) (n = 49,269), hypo (n = 53,423), and hyperthyroidism (n = 51,823). The MR study was conducted using the inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented with the weighted median and the mode‐based method.ResultsGenetically determined TAB Se was negatively associated with FT4 (β = −.067; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.106, −0.028; p = 0.001) using the IVW analyses, as well in the additional analyses using the weighted median and weighted‐mode methods. No evidence in heterogeneity, pleiotropy or outlier single‐nucleotide polymorphisms was detected (all p > 0.05). Suggestive casual association between increased genetically determined TAB Se concentrations and decreased hypothyroidism risk was found by the IVW method (odds ratio [OR] = 0.847; 95% CI = 0.728, 0.985; p = 0.031). The causal effect of TAB Se on FT4 was observed in women (β = −.076; 95% CI = −0.129, −0.024; p = 0.004). However, the influence of genetically determined higher Se concentrations on TSH levels and hyperthyroidism revealed insignificance in the primary and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThe present MR study indicated that high Se concentration enable the decreasing of FT4 levels, and the effects of Se concentrations on FT4 remain sex‐specific.
Adolescent trajectories in situations of adversity: A mixed‐method approach to understanding educational and leadership outcomes
Authors: García Sandra , Maldonado Darío , Ritterbusch Amy , Llanes Lucas Marín , Simbaqueba Melissa Arena Lucía , Cuartas Jorge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe context in which youths grow up influences the lives they are capable of living. Using a mixed‐methods approach, this study analyses the risk and promotive factors associated with educational and leadership outcomes in Colombian youth. Results suggest that poverty and inadequate social services are key obstacles to the attainment of positive school and leadership outcomes, while parental involvement is among the most important promotive factors associated with such outcomes. Our qualitative findings show that teachers' and peers' motivational support promotes adolescents' positive leadership and educational trajectories, as does educational institution and teacher quality.