bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomics reveal the origins and current structure of a genetically depauperate freshwater species in its introduced Alaskan range
Authors: Campbell Matthew A. , Hale Matthew C. , Jalbert Chase S. , Dunker Kristine , Sepulveda Adam J. , López J. Andrés , Falke Jeffrey A. , Westley Peter A. H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvasive species are a major threat to global biodiversity, yet also represent large‐scale unplanned ecological and evolutionary experiments to address fundamental questions in nature. Here we analyzed both native and invasive populations of predatory northern pike (Esox lucius) to characterize landscape genetic variation, determine the most likely origins of introduced populations, and investigate a presumably postglacial population from Southeast Alaska of unclear provenance. Using a set of 4329 SNPs from 351 individual Alaskan northern pike representing the most widespread geographic sampling to date, our results confirm low levels of genetic diversity in native populations (average 𝝅 of 3.18 × 10−4) and even less in invasive populations (average 𝝅 of 2.68 × 10−4) consistent with bottleneck effects. Our analyses indicate that invasive northern pike likely came from multiple introductions from different native Alaskan populations and subsequently dispersed from original introduction sites. At the broadest scale, invasive populations appear to have been founded from two distinct regions of Alaska, indicative of two independent introduction events. Genetic admixture resulting from introductions from multiple source populations may have mitigated the negative effects associated with genetic bottlenecks in this species with naturally low levels of genetic diversity. Genomic signatures strongly suggest an excess of rare, population‐specific alleles, pointing to a small number of founding individuals in both native and introduced populations consistent with a species' life history of limited dispersal and gene flow. Lastly, the results strongly suggest that a small isolated population of pike, located in Southeast Alaska, is native in origin rather than stemming from a contemporary introduction event. Although theory predicts that lack of genetic variation may limit colonization success of novel environments, we detected no evidence that a lack of standing variation limited the success of this genetically depauperate apex predator.
Comparison of electric field‐dependent property in BaTiO3‐based piezoceramics between single and coexisting phases
Authors: Zhao Chunlin , He Tao , Lin Cong , Wu Xiao , Lin Tengfei , Gao Min , Tao Hong , Wu Wenjuan , Wu Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe evolution of electrical properties with an electric field (E) was compared between single‐phase BT ceramic and phase‐coexistence BT‐based (BTS–0.15BCT) ceramic. The dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and strain properties are all found to be electric field‐dependent, especially for BTS–0.15BCT ceramic with small domains and easy polarization rotation induced by phase coexistence. High ferroelectric and strain properties are obtained in this ceramic because sufficient domain switching can easily be achieved. The high dielectric constant can be further elevated after poling this ceramic due to the E‐induced multiphase transitions. Dynamic piezoelectric measurement reveals that the dynamic piezoelectricity can reach to ∼740 pC/N, which is much higher than the static value (∼620 pC/N) of poled BTS–0.15BCT ceramic. However, the converse piezoelectric coefficient will decrease at high E, because of the quick decrease in dynamic dielectric response caused by clamped polarization at high E. All the results demonstrate that phase‐coexistence BT‐based ceramic shows electric field‐related properties due to the soft structure, whereas it cannot be observed in BT ceramic with stable phase structure and large domains. This work reveals the evolution difference and structure origin of electrical properties in BT‐based piezoceramics with different phase structures.
A tribute to Sebastián Cerdán and his key contributions to brain metabolism
Authors: Satrustegui Jorgina , Larrubia Pilar López , Rodrigues Tiago B. , Choi In‐Young , McKenna Mary C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis is a tribute to Sebastián Cerdán, a brilliant and innovative NMR spectroscopist whose studies contributed greatly to the fundamental information to the understanding of brain metabolism, particularly in regard to multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques. Sebastián Cerdán sadly passed away in May 2022. He was a wonderful mentor and colleague who will be greatly missed.image
Toward discovering a novel family of peptides targeting neuroinflammatory states of brain microglia and astrocytes
Authors: Koss K. M. , Son T. , Li C. , Hao Y. , Cao J. , Churchward M. A. , Zhang Z. J. , Wertheim J. A. , Derda R. , Todd K. G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicroglia are immune‐derived cells critical to the development and healthy function of the brain and spinal cord, yet are implicated in the active pathology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. A range of functional phenotypes associated with the healthy brain or disease states has been suggested from in vivo work and were modeled in vitro as surveying, reactive, and primed sub‐types of primary rat microglia and mixed microglia/astrocytes. It was hypothesized that the biomolecular profile of these cells undergoes a phenotypical change as well, and these functional phenotypes were explored for potential novel peptide binders using a custom 7 amino acid‐presenting M13 phage library (SX7) to identify unique peptides that bind differentially to these respective cell types. Surveying glia were untreated, reactive were induced with a lipopolysaccharide treatment, recovery was modeled with a potent anti‐inflammatory treatment dexamethasone, and priming was determined by subsequently challenging the cells with interferon gamma. Microglial function was profiled by determining the secretion of cytokines and nitric oxide, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. After incubation with the SX7 phage library, populations of SX7‐positive microglia and/or astrocytes were collected using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, SX7 phage was amplified in Escherichia coli culture, and phage DNA was sequenced via next‐generation sequencing. Binding validation was done with synthesized peptides via in‐cell westerns. Fifty‐eight unique peptides were discovered, and their potential functions were assessed using a basic local alignment search tool. Peptides potentially originated from proteins ranging in function from a variety of supportive glial roles, including synapse support and pruning, to inflammatory incitement including cytokine and interleukin activation, and potential regulation in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.image
The debated neuroanatomy of the fourth ventricle
Authors: Spierer Ronen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe fourth ventricle is a small, fluid‐filled cavity located within the brain that plays a vital role in the body's physiological functions. Therefore, the anatomical elements forming it bear significant clinical relevance. However, the exact relations between the elements that form its roof are still debated in the neuroanatomical literature; the inferior medullary velum, and the ventricle's median aperture in particular. In some atlases, the inferior medullary velum is placed in the midline, while in others, it is placed in the transverse plane. The median aperture is also displayed in different ways in midsagittal drawings: as a round perforation of a midline velum, as a foramen in an uncharacterized part of the ventricle, and as a gap between the nodule and the brainstem. This work aims to provide a comprehensive review of the different descriptions of the fourth ventricle, in order to gain a clearer understanding of the ventricular system's structure.
Anxiety and depression among nursing students during the COVID‐19 lockdown: A cross‐sectional correlational study
Authors: Mosteiro‐Diaz Maria‐Pilar , Baldonedo‐Mosteiro Carmen , Campos Pavan Baptista Patricia , Gamez‐Fernandez Aida , Franco‐Correia Sara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and levels of anxiety and depression symptoms among nursing students during the coronavirus lockdown, and to examine factors associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression on this population.BackgroundNursing students deal with diverse stressors during their university lives. Confinement measures during COVID‐19 outbreak may have inﬂuenced students' mental health and well‐being. Anxiety and depression are common among nursing students due to different factors. Evidence relating to anxiety and depression in nursing student population during SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is limited.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive co‐relational study during the lockdown due to the coronavirus outbreak in Spain was conducted.MethodsAn online questionnaire was developed by using google forms. Sociodemographic characteristics form, and the Spanish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. Spanish nursing students across the country were enrolled. Data collection was performed between 4 April 2020 and 21 April 2020. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine the association between sociodemographic variables, COVID‐19 and HADS scores.Results1319 participants were enrolled. The sample was formed by 87.1% female students with a mean age of 22 years (SD ± 5.677). We found a mean score of 8.47 ± 4.104 on Scale HADS‐Anxiety and 6.80 ± 2.988 on HADS‐Depression. 31.6% students presented abnormal scores of anxiety symptoms, and only 11.4% participants revealed abnormal scores on HADS‐Depression.ConclusionsThe reported prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms on nursing students during the COVID‐19 lockdown is 56.4% and 38.2%, respectively. 43.6% of the sample scored normal anxiety levels, and 61.8% obtained normal depression levels. Higher anxiety and depression levels were statistically associated with being a first‐year student, being a smoker, feeling fear, feeling stress and having any close family member infected.Relevance to clinical practiceThese data should be valuable for detection and for further treatment decision of this disorders at the initial stage and could be important to prevent further damages to mental health and promote physical, psychological and well‐being among this population.
A review of Phillips‐Sul approach‐based club convergence tests
Authors: Tomal Mateusz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Phillips‐Sul approach to testing the club convergence hypothesis has attracted considerable research interest in recent years due to its advantages over alternative methods. This paper aims to review theoretical papers that extend the Phillips‐Sul approach, empirical studies that apply Phillips‐Sul approach‐based club convergence tests, as well as the software used to execute these methods. The review revealed that, first, the Phillips‐Sul approach has seen modifications regarding the procedure of trend extraction from time series, the log t regression and the algorithm clustering panel units into convergence clubs. Second, the Phillips‐Sul approach has been widely used not only in economics and finance but also in ecological, energy and health studies. Finally, the paper provides guidance for further development of the Phillips‐Sul approach. This review is useful for researchers and practitioners investigating convergence and club convergence processes.
Chemicals mediate the interaction between plant‐associated fungi and insects
Authors: Xu Yang , Xu Lei , He Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlants, insects, and fungi have successfully colonized almost all terrestrial ecosystems, and their interactions have been the subject of numerous studies in recent decades. Plant‐associated fungi include endophytic, arbuscular mycorrhizal, ambrosia, saprotrophic, pathogenic, and floral fungi. These fungi interact with insects through various mechanisms, including the modification of plant nutritional quality and degradation of plant defensive allelochemicals that are toxic to insects. Additionally, certain fungi assist plants in defending against insect attacks. Correspondingly, insects have evolved sophisticated nervous, digestive, and muscular systems that assist them in recognizing, preying on, and dispersing plant‐associated fungi; these organ systems allow insects to detect and respond to various chemical signatures in the environment. Insects can be nourished, attracted, repelled, poisoned, and killed by chemical molecules produced by plant‐associated fungi, which could be beneficial or detrimental to plants. This review summarizes the functions of different chemicals from the perspective of plant–fungus–insect interactions and discusses the challenges and future perspectives in this chemical ecology research field.
The Connection between Perceived Workplace Discrimination and Viewing Work as a Spiritual Calling
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Bolger Daniel , Daniels Denise , Ecklund Elaine Howard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch shows that perceived workplace discrimination shapes an individual's job satisfaction and intent to leave a job. This study considers whether these impacts may be attenuated if an individual views their work as a spiritual calling. Using data from a nationally representative survey (N = 9,907), our analysis shows that perceived work discrimination due to race, gender, and religion are all independently associated with less job satisfaction net of a variety of other measures. Viewing work as a spiritual calling is associated with greater job satisfaction, even when accounting for traditional measures of religiosity. The negative impact of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction is weaker among those who view work as a spiritual calling. These findings provide evidence of the mechanisms underlying job satisfaction and have implications for understanding how religion might help mitigate the negative consequences of perceived discrimination in the workplace, or allow discrimination to potentially go unaddressed.
Mating behavior of the Sydney funnel‐web spider (Atracidae:Atrax robustus) and implications for the evolution of courtship in mygalomorph spiders
Authors: Frank S.‐C. , Christensen K. , Lourenço R. , Harms D. , Buzatto B. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpiders have become a model group for sexual selection and mating system studies, but our understanding of courtship behavior in the group is heavily biased towards the infraorder Araneomorphae (‘modern’ spiders, such as orb weavers, jumping spiders, wolf spiders, crab spiders and many more). In the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas, trapdoor spiders, funnel‐web spiders and relatives), only a few descriptions of courtship are available and recent developments in the phylogenetics of the group offer an opportunity to remap and investigate the evolution of mating behaviors. Using 81 trials filmed in captivity, we report on the courtship behaviors of the iconic Sydney funnel‐web spider (Atracidae:Atrax robustus), which belongs to a large clade of biologically understudied mygalomorphs. Thirteen distinct behaviors are described for males, out of which at least two seem new to mygalomorphs, while four female behaviors are described. Moreover, the sequences of male behaviors are presented for when they come into contact with females inside or outside of their burrows. The mating positions of the pair, including details of how males use their legs and clasping spurs to grasp the females, are also presented. We discuss our results in a modern phylogenetic context, filling a gap in the understanding of sexual selection in the Mygalomorphae where such studies are rare and biased towards tarantulas. Finally, we attempt to consolidate descriptions of potentially homologous behaviors from several families in the group and offer insights into the evolution of cannibalism, male clasping spurs and female catalepsis (quiescence while mating).
curating #blackgirlquarantine
Authors: Botts‐Ward Reelaviolette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis autoethnographic visual essay narrates a Black feminist praxis of ancestral collage‐making within my curation of #blackgirlquarantine: an exhibition of blackwomxnhealing in the wake of 20201 (BGQ). I detail my spiritual, affective, and embodied journey of stretching collage art to make room for memorializing the lives of Black womxn and girls who are no longer here to tell their stories. I write at the intersection of healing, memory, and mourning, and merge a Methodology for the Black Feminist Sacred2 with visual anthropology and digital humanities to read creative rituals of digital altar work as text.
A Borrelia burgdorferi LptD homolog is required for flipping of surface lipoproteins through the spirochetal outer membrane
Authors: He Huan , Pramanik Ankita S. , Swanson Selene K. , Johnson David K. , Florens Laurence , Zückert Wolfram R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBorrelia spirochetes are unique among diderm bacteria in their lack of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane (OM) and their abundance of surface‐exposed lipoproteins with major roles in transmission, virulence, and pathogenesis. Despite their importance, little is known about how surface lipoproteins are translocated through the periplasm and the OM. Here, we characterized Borrelia burgdorferi BB0838, a distant homolog of the OM LPS assembly protein LptD. Using a CRISPR interference approach, we showed that BB0838 is required for cell growth and envelope stability. Upon BB0838 knockdown, surface lipoprotein OspA was retained in the inner leaflet of the OM, as determined by its inaccessibility to in situ proteolysis but its presence in OM vesicles. The topology of the OM porin/adhesin P66 remained unaffected. Quantitative mass spectrometry of the B. burgdorferi membrane‐associated proteome confirmed the selective periplasmic retention of surface lipoproteins under BB0838 knockdown conditions. Additional analysis identified a single in situ protease‐accessible BB0838 peptide that mapped to a predicted β‐barrel surface loop. Alphafold Multimer modeled a B. burgdorferi LptB2FGCAD complex spanning the periplasm. Together, this suggests that BB0838/LptDBb facilitates the essential terminal step in spirochetal surface lipoprotein secretion, using an orthologous OM component of a pathway that secretes LPS in proteobacteria.
Relationship between parental stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder: The moderating effect of visitation restrictions in paediatric intensive care units during COVID‐19
Authors: Cho Young Il , Kim Hyo Jin , Kim Dong Hee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundVisitation restrictions due to COVID‐19 kept parents from being with their children who were hospitalized in the PICU and from meeting with professional staff.AimThis study examined the moderating effect of COVID‐19‐induced visitation restrictions on the relationship between stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder in parents of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit.Study DesignWe conducted a descriptive, exploratory study involving 93 parents of children hospitalized in the paediatric intensive care unit using the Korean version of the Parental Stressor Scale: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and the Revised Impact of Events Scale. Descriptive, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the data. Self‐reported survey questionnaires were provided for parents to complete in a separate area of the outpatient clinic when they visited for follow‐up care after their children were discharged from the paediatric intensive care unit.ResultsMothers showed significantly higher post‐traumatic stress disorder scores than fathers. The relationship between all the sub‐domains of perceived stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder was statistically significant. Visitation restrictions because of the COVID‐19 pandemic had significant moderating effects on the relationship between perceived parental stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, the moderating effects of COVID‐19 were exhibited when the two sub‐domains—hyperarousal and intrusion—were investigated.ConclusionsPaediatric intensive care unit visitation may be an important intervention for parental post‐traumatic stress disorder. Parental visitation should be enabled, and alternative interventions should be developed in situations where visitation is prohibited.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is necessary to develop and apply various and effective alternatives visitation that can prepare hospitals for visiting restrictions during pandemic situations which could emerge in the future.
Monochromatic ocular high‐order aberrations in children and adolescents
Authors: Rauscher Franziska G. , Hiemisch Andreas , Kiess Wieland , Blendowske Ralf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prevalence and repeatability of high‐order aberrations (HOAs) from non‐cyclopleged eyes in 1515 children and adolescents 2.5–18 years of age.MethodsThe Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE)‐Child study is a population‐based, prospective, observational single‐centre study that investigates the development of children and adolescents in Germany. Wavefront measurements were repeated three times in each eye of 1515 healthy subjects. Results were described by 36 Zernike coefficients for a 5 mm reference pupil diameter. Short‐term repeatability is given for each coefficient. The impact on vision is described by the root mean squared (RMS) value of the HOA Zernike coefficients.ResultsHigh‐order aberrations were dominated by five contributions. For 1004 right eyes: spherical aberration (c12 = 0.06 ± 0.07 μm), coma (c7 = 0.03 ± 0.09 μm, c8 = 0.03 ± 0.06 μm) and trefoil (c6 = −0.01 ± 0.07 μm, c9 = 0.008 ± 0.06 μm). The RMS value was 0.18 ± 0.06 μm. Modes higher than fourth order do not contribute clinically to the aberrations. HOAs show no clinically significant dependency with age. Instead, HOA values agree well with previous results on aberrations in adult eyes. Spherical aberration was highly correlated between the two eyes. Repeatability was worst for coma, 0.033 μm, due to variability in the alignment of the pupil centre. The left eye showed, on average, a 0.08 mm larger pupil diameter than the right eye (p < 0.02).ConclusionsAcross the age span from 2.5 to 18 years, we see the same distribution of HOA as for adults. We established that only five Zernike coefficients, spherical aberration, coma and trefoil were of clinical significance in healthy eyes. A high correlation between the two eyes for spherical aberration suggests a common blueprint for each eye in any one subject.