bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum contaminations in poultry eggs: molecular surveillance in three different geographical regions of Iran
Authors: Maani Salar , Solhjoo Kavous , Bagherzadeh Mohammad Aref , Bazmjoo Ahmadreza , Barnaaji Hooshmand Ghorbaani , Mir Hamed , Bahrami Fares , Khademi Seyedeh Zahra , Shams Morteza , Abdoli Amir , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are important protozoan parasites with worldwide distribution among warm-blooded animals. Moreover, T. gondii is a zoonotic parasite that infects humans. Poultries are important intermediated hosts of T. gondii and N. caninum. However, little is known about the contamination of poultry eggs with these parasites. We aimed to investigate the molecular frequency of T. gondii and N. caninum among the eggs of chicken, domestic duck, and quail from three different geographic regions of Iran. T. gondii and N. caninum were detected by PCR targeting the RE and Nc5 genes, respectively.

Findings
Overall contamination rates with T. gondii and N. caninum were 10.7 and 5.9%, respectively. The overall contamination rates of T. gondii among chicken, duck, and quail were 12.2, 15.5, and 4.4%, respectively; while N. caninum was detected in 11.1, 3.3, and 1.1% of the same samples, respectively. The contamination rates were increased with increasing humidity across three different regions.

Conclusions
Taken together, this study indicates the contamination of poultry eggs with T. gondii and N. caninum. The possibility of egg-born transmission of T. gondii should not be neglected by consuming raw soft-boiled eggs. Furthermore, contamination of poultry eggs could be an indicator for environmental contamination by these parasites.
Moving humanitarian-military relations forward: a new typology
Authors: Grace Rob , Alejandria Maria Carinnes , Bates Madison , Boland Samuel T. , Nylen Alexandria , Tayyeb Zein , Levine Adam C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article presents a new typology for humanitarian-military relations (HMR). This typology can serve as an analytical framework for assessing, during humanitarian emergencies, how civilian responders can and should engage with armed actors. The typology considers two factors: (1) the nature of crisis-affected population’s perceptions of an armed actor, and (2) the extent of alignment of civilian responders’ and armed actors’ interests and objectives. This typology is empirically rooted in an in-depth analysis of HMR across four humanitarian response contexts: (1) the Kivu Ebola Epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, (2) the Rukban forced displacement crisis along the Jordan-Syria border, (3) the Taal volcano eruption in the Philippines, and (4) the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. The analysis presented in this article is based on 175 qualitative interviews conducted with civilian responders, armed actors, and crisis-affected individuals across these contexts.
German translation of the PROMIS® pediatric anxiety, anger, depressive symptoms, fatigue, pain interference and peer relationships item banks
Authors: Devine J. , Kaman A. , Seum T. L. , Zoellner F. , Dabs M. , Ottova-Jordan V. , Schlepper L. K. , Haller A.-C. , Topf S. , Boecker M. , Schuchard J. , Forrest C. B. , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed at the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of six PROMIS® pediatric self- and proxy- item banks and short forms to universal German: anxiety (ANX), anger (ANG), depressive symptoms (DEP), Fatigue (FAT), pain interference (P) and peer relationships (PR).

Methods
Using standardized methodology approved by the PROMIS Statistical Center and in line with recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) PRO Translation Task Force, two translators for each German-speaking country (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) commented on and rated the translation difficulty and provided forward translations, followed by a review and reconciliation phase. An independent translator performed back translations, which were reviewed and harmonized. The items were tested in cognitive interviews with 58 children and adolescents from Germany (16), Austria (22), and Switzerland (20) for the self-report and 42 parents and other caregivers (Germany (12), Austria (17), and Switzerland (13)) for the proxy-report.

Results
Translators rated the translation difficulty of most items (95%) as easy or feasible. Pretesting showed that items of the universal German version were understood as they were intended, as only 14 out of 82 items of the self-report and 15 out of 82 items of the proxy-report versions required minor rewording. However, on average German translators rated the items more difficult to translate (M = 1.5, SD = 0.20) than the Austrian (M = 1.3, SD = 0.16) and the Swiss translators (M = 1.2, SD = 0.14) on a three-point Likert scale.

Conclusions
The translated German short forms are ready for use by researchers and clinicians (https://www.healthmeasures.net/search-view-measures).
NLRP3 inflammasome as a novel target for cystic fibrosis treatment
Authors: Atalay Merve , Şen Başak , Dayangaç Erden Didem 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that sense danger signals from damaged cells and pathogens and assemble to mediate caspase-1 activation, which results in the proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1β and IL-18 into bioactive forms. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune system that mediates caspase-1 activation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β/IL-18 in response to disturbances in cellular homeostasis caused by microbial infections and cellular damage.

Main body of abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with various inflammatory disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. In recent years, NLRP3 inflammasome has also been implicated in inflammation in cystic fibrosis. The differentiation of pro-IL-1β–IL-1β, an active cytokine, is mediated by neutrophil expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, it maintains a cytokine storm in the lungs during the pathogenesis of CF.

Short conclusion
This review highlights neutrophil metabolic reprogramming characterized by the Warburg effect, NLRP3-mediated inflammation in cystic fibrosis, and its inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Reprogramming of the gut microbiota following feralization in Sus scrofa
Authors: Petrelli Simona , Buglione Maria , Rivieccio Eleonora , Ricca Ezio , Baccigalupi Loredana , Scala Giovanni , Fulgione Domenico 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Wild boar has experienced several evolutionary trajectories from which domestic (under artificial selection) and the feral pig (under natural selection) originated. Strong adaptation deeply affects feral population’s morphology and physiology, including the microbiota community. The gut microbiota is generally recognized to play a crucial role in maintaining host health and metabolism. To date, it is unclear whether feral populations’ phylogeny, development stages or lifestyle have the greatest impact in shaping the gut microbiota, as well as how this can confer adaptability to new environments. Here, in order to deepen this point, we characterized the gut microbiota of feral population discriminating between juvenile and adult samples, and we compared it to the microbiota structure of wild boar and domestic pig as the references. Gut microbiota composition was estimated through the sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA gene by DNA metabarcoding and High Throughput Sequencing on DNA extracted from fecal samples.

Results
The comparison of microbiota communities among the three forms showed significant differences. The feral form seems to carry some bacteria of both domestic pigs, derived from its ancestral condition, and wild boars, probably as a sign of a recent re-adaptation strategy to the natural environment. In addition, interestingly, feral pigs show some exclusive bacterial taxa, also suggesting an innovative nature of the evolutionary trajectories and an ecological segregation in feral populations, as already observed for other traits.

Conclusions
The feral pig showed a significant change between juvenile and adult microbiota suggesting an influence of the wild environment in which these populations segregate. However, it is important to underline that we certainly cannot overlook that these variations in the structure of the microbiota also depended on the different development stages of the animal, which in fact influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Concluding, the feral pigs represent a new actor living in the same geographical space as the wild boars, in which its gut microbial structure suggests that it is mainly the result of environmental segregation, most different from its closest relative. This gives rise to interesting fields of exploration regarding the changed ecological complexity and the consequent evolutionary destiny of the animal communities involved in this phenomenon.
Feasibility of Magnetic Resonance–Compatible Accelerometers to Monitor Tremor Fluctuations During Magnetic Resonance–Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy: Technical Note
Authors: Baek Hongchae , Chen Jacqueline , Lockwood Daniel , Obusez Emmanuel , Poturalski Matthew , Nagel Sean J. , Jones Stephen E. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is used to treat essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson disease. Feedback is collected throughout the procedure to verify the location of the target and completeness of response; however, variability in clinical judgments may underestimate or overestimate treatment response.

OBJECTIVE:
To objectively quantify joint motion after each sonication using accelerometers secured to the contralateral upper extremity in an effort to optimize MRgFUS treatment.

METHODS:
Before the procedure, 3 accelerometers were secured to the patient’s arm, forearm, and index finger. Throughout the procedure, tremor motion was regularly recorded during postural and kinetic tremor testing and individual joint angle measures were modeled. The joint angle from each accelerometer was compared with baseline measurements to assess changes in angles. Subsequent adjustments to the target location and sonication energy were made at the discretion of the neurosurgeon and neuroradiologist.

RESULTS:
Intraoperative accelerometer measurements of hand tremor from 18 patients provided quantified data regarding joint angle reduction: 87.3%, 94.2%, and 86.7% for signature writing, spiral drawing, and line drawing tests, respectively. Target adjustment based on accelerometer monitoring of the angle at each joint added substantial value toward achieving optimal tremor reduction.

CONCLUSION:
Real-time accelerometer recordings collected during MRgFUS thalamotomy offered objective quantification of changes in joint angle after each sonication, and these findings were consistent with clinical judgments of tremor response. These results suggest that this technique could be used for fine adjustment of the location of sonication energy and number of sonications to consistently achieve optimal tremor reduction.
Dual mechanism underlying failure of neural tube closure in the Zic2 mutant mouse
Authors: Escuin Sarah , Rose Raza-Knight Saba , Savery Dawn , Gaston-Massuet Carles , Galea Gabriel L. , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Copp Andrew J. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to birth defects is an important step towards improved primary prevention. Mouse embryos homozygous for the Kumba (Ku) mutant allele of Zic2 develop severe spina bifida with complete lack of dorsolateral hinge points (DLHPs) in the neuroepithelium. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling is overactivated in Zic2Ku/Ku embryos, and the BMP inhibitor dorsomorphin partially rescues neural tube closure in cultured embryos. RhoA signalling is also overactivated, with accumulation of actomyosin in the Zic2Ku/Ku neuroepithelium, and the myosin inhibitor Blebbistatin partially normalises neural tube closure. However, dorsomorphin and Blebbistatin differ in their effects at tissue and cellular levels: DLHP formation is rescued by dorsomorphin but not Blebbistatin, whereas abnormal accumulation of actomyosin is rescued by Blebbistatin but not dorsomorphin. These findings suggest a dual mechanism of spina bifida origin in Zic2Ku/Ku embryos: faulty BMP-dependent formation of DLHPs and RhoA-dependent F-actin accumulation in the neuroepithelium. Hence, we identify a multi-pathway origin of spina bifida in a mammalian system that may provide a developmental basis for understanding the corresponding multifactorial human defects.
MODELS ROLE OF INTERACTIVE LESSONS IN PHYSICAL TRAINING
Authors: Stefanescu Valeriu 
Published: February 2023

Placing computers in all fields influenced the education system. For students to be prepared to work in a computerized society, they must learn to use this technique.Computer utilization and application of new technology strategies based in teaching about educational activities contribute to the development of organizational forms of training that are not possible with traditional means and methods. Computer processing capabilities, recording and retrieving information for introducing situations in which the student acquires the knowledge and skills in an autonomous manner, in accordance with their interests and aspirations Possibilities of computer processing, recording and retrieval of information triggers the situations in which the student acquires knowledge and skills independently, in accordance with the interests and aspirations. Multimedia lessons suggested processes for various disciplines is a way of learning which involves understanding and explaining the content, but above all, a mechanism of formation of critical thinking. Information is presented so that incentives and open alternative interpretations, is a tool for the formation of skills, values and attitudes. Impact studies conducted on the occasion of introduction of various types	of educational software in schools demonstrates their utility is designed specifically to students' learning progress, with comparable results, regardless of their initial level.
The study of physics can be achieved through methodological diversity. PC penetration in the class allowed appeal through IAC (computer assistedinstruction),the simulation software (interactive model), which proved to be particularly useful in studying this subject as interactive simulation, modeling, visualization in scientific, is a way to get image and study designs, processes or phenomena inaccessible to direct observation.
INTEGRATING MOOCS IN BLENDED COURSES
Authors: Holotescu Carmen , Grosseck Gabriela , Cretu Vladimir , Naaji Antoanela 
Published: February 2023

Integrating MOOCs in Blended Courses

Authors: Carmen Holotescu, Gabriela Grosseck

Numerous recent studies appreciate that "MOOCs bring an impetus of reform, research and innovation to the Academy" (DBIS, 2013).

Even though MOOCs are usually developed and delivered as independent online courses, experiments to wrap formal university courses around existing MOOCs are reported by teachers and researchers in different articles (Bruff et al., 2013).

This paper describes a different approach, in which the participation of students in different MOOCs was integrated in a blended course run on a social mobile LMS.

The topics of MOOCs delivered on different platforms and having different characteristics were connected with the fall 2013 undergraduate course of Web Programming.

The main parts of this study deal with:
-	The reasons to integrate MOOCs in the university course
-	How the course was designed, how the students' activities on different MOOCs platforms were assessed and integrated in the course scenario
-	The results of a survey that evaluates students experiences related to MOOCs: a number of MOOCs features were assessed (Holotescu, Grosseck and Cretu, 2013); also answers to a few problems are analysed:
o	Did the participation in MOOCs support students to clarify and expand the course issues?
o	What are students' suggestions for a more active participation in MOOCs?
o	Comparing the learning scenarios of MOOCs with the Web Programming blended course how the course and its virtual space can be improved?
o	Do the students consider that the MOOCs phenomenom is important for professional and personal development?

The conclusions of the paper can be used by other teachers/instructors for integrating MOOCs in the courses they deliver/facilitate.

References:

Bruff, D. O., Fisher, D. H., McEwen, K. E., & Smith, B. E. (2013). Wrapping a MOOC: Student Perceptions of an Experiment in Blended Learning. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching, 9(2). https://my.vanderbilt.edu/douglasfisher/files/2013/06/JOLTPaperFinal6-9-2013.pdf

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, London. (2013). The Maturing of the MOOC. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/240193/13-1173-maturing-of-the-mooc.pdf

Holotescu, C., Cretu, V., & Grosseck, G. (2013). MOOC'a Anatomy: Microblogging as the MOOC's Control Center. Conference Proceedings of "eLearning and Software for Education" (eLSE) (No. 02, pp. 312-319), Bucharest, April 2013.

Hill, P. (2012). Online Educational Delivery Models: A Descriptive View. Educause Review, 47(6), 84-86. http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERM1263.pdf
MOODLE PLATFORM IN LEARNING: STUDENT'S VOICE.
Authors: Ianos Maria gratiela , Oproiu Gabriela carmen 
Published: February 2023

Various virtual learning environments support the high presence of the online learning in the educational environment. In the past years, they have been developed numerous free online platforms that support the educational process. As numerous studies show, they offer a collaborative learning environment and may represent an alternative to traditional instructional process. Using the online educational platforms in higher education might offer many facilities like communication, provision of learning resources, organization, evaluation, etc. The use of these facilities may differ depending on the form of the studies: present-day or distance. Regarding the present-day studies, the online educational platforms can be used in learning and teaching activity both inside and outside the traditional classroom. This depends largely on the way that teacher designs the didactic activity. Thus, conducting the didactic activities on the educational platform just outside of the studies program may influence the way that the students are using the platform. This paper aims to analyze the way that the online open-source platform (Moodle) is used by students in their learning process. It was studied student’s preference to use the online open-source platform, Moodle, and the activities they perform on the platform to improve their learning. In order to accomplish these studies, a questionnaire on a sample of 47 third year students in a technical faculty was applied. The selected technical faculty use Moodle platform to complement traditional didactic process. Based on the obtained results, were suggested recommendations about using Moodle platform in instructional process for improving the student’s learning.
Worker Experience and Donor Heterogeneity: The Impact of Charitable Workers on Donors’ Blood Donation Decisions
Authors: Lin Wilson , Lu Susan Feng , Sun Tianshu 
Published: February 2023

Problem definition: We ask whether and how a charitable organization’s front-line staff members can be effectively positioned to encourage donors to donate more (in compliance with the eligibility rules) during their in-person interactions. Academic/practical relevance: Specifically, we consider how charitable organizations can use microlevel data on worker-donor interactions to improve donation outcomes, via understanding of workers’ experiences and donors’ characteristics. Methodology: Using a unique data set at the worker-donor interaction level, we analyze the role of nurses’ experiences in driving charitable productivity and explore the downstream effects of the donation volume outcome. Results: We find that the effect of the charitable worker on charitable productivity strongly depends on the worker’s experiences that entail sharing knowledge about a donor’s donation options, rather than the worker’s experiences that are primarily focused on collecting donations. Moreover, worker experience can encourage donors that have lower self-efficacy over performing their donation to choose higher donation volumes. A worker’s experience with donors with lower self-efficacy furthermore benefits charitable productivity when interacting with those donors. Higher donations induced by an experienced worker from the previous session are correlated with higher donation volumes in the focal session if the donor returns to donate. Managerial implications: When taking the insights on staff-donor interactions into account, improved matching between workers and donors can provide economically significant benefits for the blood bank. Understanding worker experience in the staff-donor interactions and leveraging big data in staffing decisions can help charitable organizations improve their productivity simply from the personnel end.Funding: W. Lin acknowledges the support of the Marshall Fellowship at the USC Marshall School of Business. S. F. Lu acknowledges the support of the Gerald Lyles Rising Star fund at Purdue. T. Sun acknowledges the support of an Adobe Data Science Award and an iORB grant at the USC Marshall School of Business.Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1198 .
The learning preferences of aspiring orthopaedic surgeons in the UK
Authors: Shanmuganathan Kanatheepan , Liang Kaifeng , Vignaraja Vikramman , Galloway Richard , Chandrakumar Charmilie 
Published: February 2023

Background/aims The workload of orthopaedic trainees is rapidly increasing at the expense of training. Trainees are expected to assimilate large quantities of information efficiently. This prospective cohort study explores the learning styles, resource preferences and educational needs of aspiring orthopaedic trainees. Method A 21-item questionnaire was distributed to delegates of an orthopaedic teaching series. Data were obtained pertaining to demographics, visual, aural, read/write and kinaesthetic learning styles, study materials used and teaching exposure. Results Participants had a strong preference for visual (48.0%) and kinaesthetic (43.0%) learning modalities. Most participants prepared for written exams using online question banks (85.9%), clinical exams using question banks (37.5%) and discussion with colleagues (27.3%), and surgical procedures intraoperatively (43.8%). Only 12.4% of participants felt the teaching they received was consistently adapted to their visual, aural, read/write or kinaesthetic learning preference. Conclusions The surgical landscape is rapidly changing. It is vital that trainers take into consideration how budding orthopaedic surgeons learn and make the relevant accommodations, to ensure optimal learning.