bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of a Hybrid Manual–Electric Wheelchair Propulsion System on the User’s Muscular Effort
Authors: Wieczorek Bartosz , Warguła Łukasz , Kukla Mateusz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Self-propelled wheelchairs favour the rehabilitation process, forcing the user to be physically active. Unfortunately, in most cases, the manual propulsion is not adapted to the individual needs and physical capabilities of the user. This paper presents the results of operational tests of a wheelchair equipped with a hybrid propulsion system in which the muscle strength generated by the user is assisted by two independent electric motors. The research aimed to investigate the influence of the applied control algorithm and the assistance factor (W) on the value of the muscular effort (MA) while propelling the wheelchair with the use of push rims. A modified ARmedical AR-405 wheelchair equipped with two MagicPie 5 electric motors built into the wheelchair’s hubs with a power of 500 W was used in this research. The tests were carried out on a wheelchair test bench simulating the moment of resistance within the range of 8–11 Nm. Surface electromyography was employed for the measurement of MA, specifically, a four-channel Noraxon Mini DTS apparatus. The research was carried out on five patients from the group of C50 anthropometric dimensions. The effort was measured for four muscles: deltoid–anterior part, deltoid–posteriori part, and triceps brachii and extensor carpi radialis longus. The effectiveness of the hybrid propulsion system was observed based on the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle. In this case, for the standard wheelchair, the MA ranged from 93% to 123%. In contrast, for a wheelchair equipped with the hybrid propulsion system, at W = 70%, the MA was within the range of 43%–75%.
Design of a Height-Adjustable Boarding System for a New Double-Deck Railway Vehicle
Authors: Šťastniak Pavol , Rakár Michal , Tížek Jakub 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper deals with a solution for faster and safer boarding and leaving of passengers at railway station platforms from 150 mm to 550 mm higher than the head of the rail. This conception is based on the requirements of railway infrastructure administrators, transporters and also manufacturers of passenger rolling stock. This device is designed for the new double-deck railway vehicle for suburban and regional transport, which fulfils legislative and normative requirements that are specified for the selected area of vehicle construction and operational features. Selected parts of the construction were verified through a series of simulation analyses. This article also includes a study that deals with optimization of the boarding area considering designed changes in the construction of the floor and a draft for modification of the vertical clearance of the boarding entrance area in a rough construction of the vehicle.
Thermal Performance of the Thermal Storage Energy with Phase Change Material
Authors: Bałon Paweł , Kiełbasa Bartłomiej , Kowalski Łukasz , Smusz Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Values of energy supply and demand vary within the same timeframe and are not equal. Consequently, to minimise the amount of energy wasted, there is a need to use various types of energy storing systems. Recently, one can observe a trend in which phase change materials (PCM) have gained popularity as materials that can store an excess of heat energy. In this research, the authors analysed paraffin wax (cheese wax)’s capability as a PCM energy storing material for a low temperature energy-storage device. Due to the relatively low thermal conductivity of wax, the authors also analysed open-cell ceramic Al2O3/SiC composite foams’ (in which the PCM was dispersed) influence on heat exchange process. Thermal analysis on paraffin wax was performed, determining its specific heat in liquid and solid state, latent heat (LH) of melting, melting temperature and thermal conductivity. Thermal tests were also performed on thermal energy container (with built-in PCM and ceramic foams) for transient heat transfer. Heat transfer coefficient and value of accumulated energy amount were determined.
Assessment of the Impact of Wear and Tear of Rubber Elements in Tracked Mechanism on the Dynamic Loads of High-Speed Tracked Vehicles
Authors: Rybak Piotr , Hryciów Zdzisław , Michałowski Bogusław , Wiśniewski Andrzej 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The operation of high-speed tracked vehicles takes place in difficult terrain conditions. Hence, to obtain a high operational reliability, the design or modernisation process must be precise and should consider even the slightest details. The article presents issues related to the problem of formulating vehicle models using partial models of flexible elements used in tracked mechanisms. Changes occurring in the shape and properties of elements such as track pads and roadwheel bandages as a consequence of operating conditions are presented. These changes are reflected in the presented elastic–damping characteristics of components of the crawler mechanism. Numerical studies have shown that deterioration of chassis suspension components after a significant mileage may increase dynamic loads (forces) acting on the running gear. Increased forces in the running gear naturally result in increased stresses in the road surface on which the vehicle is travelling, which can pose a danger (or excessive wear and tear) to road infrastructure components such as culverts, bridges and viaducts. In the literature, model tests of objects are carried out on models that represent new vehicles, and the characteristics of the adopted elements correspond to elements not affected by the process and operating conditions. Its influence should not be ignored in the design, testing and running of a special vehicle. The tracked mechanism, as running gear, is designed for special high-speed vehicles for off-road and off-road driving. Its design ensures high off-road traversability. The dynamic loads originating from off-road driving are superimposed on those generated by the engine, drive train and interaction of the tracks with the roadwheels, sprocket, idler and supporting tracks return rollers.
Experimental Analysis of Transverse Stiffness Distribution of Helical Compression Springs
Authors: Baran Robert , Michalczyk Krzysztof , Warzecha Mariusz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of the distribution of transverse stiffness of cylindrical compression helical springs with selected values of geometric parameters. The influence of the number of active coils and the design of the end coils on the transverse stiffness distribution was investigated. Experimental tests were carried out for 18 sets of spring samples that differed in the number of active coils, end-coil design and spring index, and three measurements were taken per sample, at two values of static axial deflection. The transverse stiffness in the radial directions were tested at every 30° angle. A total of 1,296 measurements were taken, from which the transverse stiffness distributions were determined. It was shown that depending on the direction of deflection, the differences between the highest and lowest value of transverse stiffness of a given spring can exceed 25%. The experimental results were compared with the results of the formulas for transverse stiffness available in the literature. It was shown that in the case of springs with a small number of active coils, discrepancies between the average transverse stiffness of a given spring and the transverse stiffness calculated based on literature relations can reach several tens of percent. Analysis of the results of the tests carried out allowed conclusions to be drawn, making it possible to estimate the suitability of a given computational model for determining the transverse stiffness of a spring with given geometrical parameters.
Exploration of innovative learning ability cultivation based on logistic regression
Authors: Qi Chengming , Hu Lishuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Innovative learning ability is the core competitiveness of university students, the essential ability of university students to solve problems and a fundamental quality that can be universally applied by university students in both theoretical and practical spheres. This paper analyses the necessity of innovative learning ability cultivation for engineering students in applied universities, and introduces constructivist learning theory into curriculum teaching. The logistic function is improved as 1/(1 + e
−αk

i

), and the value α varies with the number of iterations. Data are obtained through questionnaires; data analysis techniques are used to analyse the factors affecting the cultivation of creative ability in terms of the elaborate teaching processes, creative training courses, emphasis on social practice innovation, promotion of knowledge construction, creation of academic atmosphere and encouragement of questioning authority; and positive coping strategies are given.
Research on RCS measurement of ship targets based on conventional radars
Authors: Tang Huatao , Cha Hao , Liu Feng , Tian Bin , Wang Binbin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A measurement method and system based on conventional radars has been proposed to address the problem of radar cross-section (RCS) measurement of ship targets in open seas. Calibration errors for RCS measurement on ground plane range (GPR) are analysed, and the error elimination method and accurate RCS calculation formula are given. An RCS measurement system is designed by improving conventional radars. These systems measure two Luneburg lens reflectors of different sizes on the lake. The average RCS of the big Luneburg lens reflector is obtained, and the error is calculated to be 2.73% compared with its actual value, which verifies the rationality of the proposed measurement method and system. The system measures the RCS of a ship in the open sea and obtains its circumferential RCS distribution. The effect of the error in the ship's position calculation on the RCS measurement results is analysed, and the uncertainty range of the error is obtained.
Does monetary policy affect the stock pledge of listed companies? Evidence from Chinese listed companies
Authors: Liu Junling , Li Shuaifeng , Qu Jun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Based on the financing motivation of equity pledges, this study explores whether and how monetary policy adjustment affects the stock pledge behaviour of listed companies. The empirical findings show that monetary policy adjustments significantly affect the stock pledge of listed companies; that is, a tightening monetary policy increases the stock pledge phenomenon of listed companies, and an expansionary monetary policy reduces the stock pledge phenomenon. Heterogeneity analysis revealed that monetary policy had a greater impact on the stock pledges of non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises with weak government–enterprise relationships and enterprises without bank–enterprise relationship. The results of mechanism tests suggested that a quantitative monetary policy only affects the stock pledge behaviour of listed companies through financing costs and that a price-based monetary policy affects the stock pledge behaviour of listed companies through financing costs and financing scale. This article expands the literature on the impact of monetary policies on equity pledges and enriches studies on macroeconomic policies and microfirm behaviour.
Estimation of Two-Layer Soil Parameters Using Gradient Method Accelerated with Atkin’s δ
2 Method
Authors: Dautbašić Nedis , Dujak Dijana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An efficient method for evaluation of an optimal two-layer soil model from Wenner four-probe measuring method, which has been used during experimental investigations, is presented within this paper. A two-layer soil model is assumed, and this soil model is an adequate representation of nonhomogeneous soil for grounding system design. The application of optimization techniques is required to estimate the electrical parameters of the proposed soil model. In this paper, first the fast gradient-descent method to solve a given optimization problem is chosen, and then with the aim of faster calculation for accelerating the rate of convergence of an infinite sum, the application of Aitken’s δ2 method is proposed.
The Influence of Neutron and Gamma Radiation Fields on Gas-Filled Surge Arresters
Authors: Jusić Alija , Ramadani Uzahir , Nikezić Dušan , Osmokrović Predrag 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The study examines the effect of neutron and gamma radiation on commercial gas surge arresters. The research is of experimental-theoretical nature. The experimental part of the research was performed un-der well-controlled laboratory conditions. The combined measurement uncertainty was about 5%. The experimental system is specially designed for the observed problem and has certain original solutions. The test procedure was fully automated and had software support in the experiment management and also for data collection and statistical processing. The obtained results show that neutron and gamma ra-diation improves the functional characteristics of gas surge arresters with a memory effect. The obtained results are explained in accordance with the theory of interaction of neutron and gamma fields with ma-terial and with the theory of electric discharge in gases. The results presented in this study are important for the design of surge protection in systems that can be found in the field of neutron and gamma radia-tion because they can achieve a positive synergistic effect of protection in hybrid schemes with other components for surge protection whose characteristics spoil this radiation.
Organic Materials for Electronic and Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Akšamija Zlatan , Duhandžić Muhamed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this invited review article, we give a comprehensive account of the existing literature on the electronic properties of organic materials. The main focus of this article is the rich and extensive literature on the electronic transport in organic materials, particularly conjugated polymers, as they offer numerous advantages over inorganic materials. Consequently, they have found widespread application in photovoltaics, light-emitting displays, and even, more recently, in thermoelectric energy conversion. This literature review will be useful to researchers starting in the field of organic electronics as well as experts seeking to broaden their understanding of transport in polymers.
The New Hungarian Legislation on Money Laundering and the Current Challenges of Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Ambrus István , Mezei Kitti 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Money laundering is one of the most important criminal offences today, perceived in the context of economic operation. Nevertheless, money laundering is a constantly changing phenomenon that is also influenced by the latest technological advancements. In this study, our aim is, after briefly outlining the phenomenon of money laundering, to review the new statutory definition(s) and those assessment criteria that may also be of significance for legal practice in this context from 2021 onwards in Hungary. Subsequently, we will describe the current challenges of cryptocurrencies regarding the new Hungarian and EU legislation on money laundering. The method we use is criminal law-dogmatic and retrospective analysis. The analysis concluded that the Hungarian legislator has significantly broadened the scope of money laundering, and a much wider spread of this offence is predicted for the future.
Machine Learning and Regularization Technique to Determine Foreign Direct Investment in Hungarian Counties
Authors: Singh Devesh , Turała Maciej 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent studies show regional factors play an important role to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and, the performance of these factors varies within the country. Therefore, it is important to develop a measurement system to analyse the insight of these FDI factors. In this study, we used the regularization method with machine learning to get insight into the FDI determinants at the regional level. We used 18-years post-socialist period data at the county level from Hungary and applied a machine learning algorithm on different methods of regressions such as a linear, ridge, lasso, and elastic net. We analyse the relation of two dependent variables, the total amount of FDI inflow in a county and disparity of FDI inflow in companies within the county, and used urbanization, GDP per capita, labour productivity, market share of the companies, agglomeration of industries, and growth rate of the companies as predictors. Our results show that the elastic net is the best method to determine the predictive performance of FDI at the regional level.
Errare Humanum Est. The Right of Businesses to Make a Mistake and the Inspection Process
Authors: Hołda-Wydrzyńska Anna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The statement errare humanum est undoubtedly takes on particular importance in the course of inspection proceedings, in particular as businesses are often lost in the maze of legal regulations. In order to make doing business easier, a new provision was introduced to the Polish Business Act from 6 March 2018 – “the right to make a mistake”. The paper aims to present a consideration of the essence of “the right to make a mistake” by businesses, looking at the procedures for correcting established violations of legal regulations by recently started businesses, as well as the negative aspects of exercising the right. The paper uses the formal-dogmatic method of analysing legal regulations. The presented conclusions may be particularly attractive businesses that are just commencing their business activity, for which their short period of operation may turn out to be a mitigating circumstance in the case of an ongoing inspection procedure.
The Impact of Propanol, N-Butanol and Pentanol on Aqueous Dispersions of Sonicated Liposomes. EPR Study
Authors: Bartnikowska Agnieszka , Pytel Barbara , Man Dariusz 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the effect of selected alcohols on the fluidity of liposome membranes obtained in sonication of DPPC lecithin. Using the EPR technique, the duality of propanol, n-butanol and pentanol on the behaviour of the aqueous dispersion of liposomes was demonstrated. It was shown that after exceeding a certain concentration, these alcohols initiate dispersion foaming, leading to phase separation: liposome dispersion - lipid foam. The influence of the shape of the molecule and the length of hydrocarbon chains on the effectiveness of destabilisation of the structure of lipid membranes was indicated.
The Synthesis of 2,2-BIS(1-INDOL-3-YL)Acenaphthylene-1(2)-Ones Using Nanocatalysis: Fluorescent Sensing for Cu2+ Ions
Authors: Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi , Khademi Mahdieh , Mohajer Fatemeh , Badiei Alireza , Varma Rajender S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthylene-1(2H)-ones were synthesised by the reaction of acenaphthenequinone and 2 equivalents of indole using Fe3O4@SiO2@Si-Pr-NH-CH2CH2NH2 as the basic magnetic nanocatalyst, assembled under greener and sustainable conditions in high purity and yields. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of 2,2-bis(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthylene-1(2H)-one were exploited for the sensing of copper ions in the mixed solvent systems comprising H2O and CH3CN in excitation wavelength at 410 nm with a detection limit of 9.5 ∙ 10–6 M.
Effect of Soil Application of Zeolite-Carbon Composite, Leonardite and Lignite on the Microorganisms
Authors: Wolny-Koładka Katarzyna , Marcińska-Mazur Lidia , Jarosz Renata , Juda Michał , Lošák Tomáš , Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mineral-organic mixture on changes in the abundance of selected soil microorganisms. The experiment contained: soil with NPK (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) + 3 % or 6 % lignite (MF+CW3 %, MF+CW6 %) and 3 % zeolite-carbon composite (NaX-C); soil with NPK + 3 % or 6 % leonardite (MF+CL3 %, MF+CL6 %) and 3 % NaX-C; soil without fertilisation (C); soil fertilised with mineral NPK fertilisers (MF). Plants participating in the experiment were spring wheat and spring oilseed rape. The presence of the selected microorganisms was determined: Azotobacter spp., actinomycetes, ammonifiers, bacteria and mold fungi. Using Koch’s serial dilution method, the abundance of selected soil microorganisms was performed. The conducted research allows to conclude that the abundance of detected microorganisms depended on both the applied fertilisation and the plant grown. For the spring oilseed rape, the highest abundance of microorganisms was determined in treatments where fertilisation with lignite mixtures was applied, while for spring wheat, with leonardite mixtures. Increasing (from 3 % to 6 %) the share of lignite and leonardite in fertiliser mixtures did not translate into a proportional growth in the abundance of microorganisms, so such a treatment has no economic justification. Given their alkaline pH, the mixtures used can be a substitute for calcium fertilisers to improve soil properties and, consequently, protect soil organic matter from degradation.
Beyond the Guidelines: Anticoagulant Treatment of Patients with Recent Portal Vein Thrombosis in the Setting of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Bogu Cosmin-Viorel , Siliște Roxana-Nicoleta , Cîrlan Mădălina , Spătaru Dan Victor , Gurghean Adriana , Săvulescu-Fiedler Ilinca , Shamim Umar , Constantinescu Gabriel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Portal vein thrombosis, in the clinical setting of liver cirrhosis, is a complication which increases mortality rate by leading to specific complications. Its presence also serves as a negative prognostic factor for these patients. Specialized literature, although rich in papers on this subject, presents loose and sometimes contradictory information regarding its prognosis and specific treatment. This paper brings into discussion the issue of recent portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients, with emphasis on indications for initiation of anticoagulant therapy and the optimal drug of choice. It also highlights the utility of using correct terminology for facilitating clinical approach of guideline recommendations as well as increasing the quality of published scientific papers.
The coagulation homeostasis of the cirrhotic patient presents many particularities that can make the optimal therapeutic choice extremely difficult when portal vein thrombosis is established. Absence of randomized clinical trials and lack of consensus regarding anticoagulant treatment in these patients leaves it up to the clinician to decide when and what anticoagulant to use. Analysis of the newest guidelines and recent meta-analysis made it possible to identify the right context for initiating therapy with the most used anticoagulants currently: low molecular weight heparin, vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants.
Challenges in Treatment and the Importance of Radiotherapy in a Synchronous Endometrial and Breast Cancer
Authors: Gaube Alexandra , Michire A. , Văcăroiu Ileana Adela , Balcangiu-Stroescu Andra , Georgescu D.E. , Georgescu M.T. , Tulin Raluca , Călinoiu Amalia Loredana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report the case of a 69-year-old-female with synchronous endometrial and breast cancer. The imaging and pathology results confirmed the diagnosis. The patient underwent surgery and chemotherapy for endometrial cancer, and surgery followed by external beam radiotherapy for breast cancer. The patient’s clinical condition and imaging showed a favorable evolution after 2 months of follow-up.