bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Intended or Alternative Profession?: ELL Undergraduates’ Attitudes towards Being an English Teacher
Authors: ÜSTÜNBAŞ Ümran 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Prospective teachers are trained with essential knowledge and skills in teacher education programs of all teaching fields at education faculties of universities in Turkiye. In addition, graduates of specific departments at faculties also have a chance to become a teacher by successfully completing pedagogical formation certificate programs. Thus, it is a matter of question what the main purpose of undergraduate students when beginning to study or studying at these departments is: becoming a teacher or not. Along with this inquiry, this paper presents a quantitative study focusing on reasons for department choice of undergraduates studying at English Language and Literature (ELL) department and their attitudes towards being a language teacher within the scope of teacher self-efficacy beliefs.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Data of this quantitative study were collected from 220 undergraduates studying at English Language and Literature department of a state university in Turkiye by administering scales on the research purpose.
Findings: The findings suggested that the primary reason reported was an interest in the department with knowledge and skills to be gained, which was followed by becoming an English language teacher with high level of teacher self-efficacy.
Highlights: Even though there is no explicit focus on becoming an English teacher as part of curricula of non-ELT departments, undergraduates studying at these programs consider being an English teacher as the primary career option, which could lead to a need to evaluate curricula of these programs and teacher education.
Optimization of GA3 concentration for improved bunch and berry quality in grape cv. Crimson Seedless (Vitis vinifera L)
Authors: Satisha J , Pamu Sampathkumar , Upreti Kaushal Kishor 
Published: August 2023

Crimson Seedless is a coloured seedless grape, gaining popularity in India for its attractive colour, bunch and berry quality with better shelf life. In cultivation of any seedless grape variety, application of GA3 at different stages is very much essential to produce good quality berries and bunches. However, this variety is highly sensitive to excess application of GA3 and practicing GA3 schedule similar to that of Thompson Seedless grapes adversely affects bunch quality. Hence, there was a need to standardize mild dose of GA3 just for rachis elongation which will help to reduce bunch compactness to a greater extent. Hence, an experiment was initiated to standardize concentration of GA3 for rachis elongation of Crimson Seedless grapes. Three different concentrations of GA3 {viz., 5 ppm (T1), 7.5 ppm (T2) and 10 ppm (T3)} were sprayed during pre bloom stage and compared with unsprayed control (T4). Among different treatments, pre-bloom spray of GA3@5 ppm could produce less compact bunches with highest average bunch weight, berry weight, berry length and TSS. However, bunches sprayed with 7.5 ppm and 10 ppm GA3 could also produce good quality bunches average berry weight and TSS was less. Because of severe coiling of rachis at 7.5 ppm and 10 ppm GA3 spraying, bunches were too straggly compared to spraying of 5 ppm GA3. The control bunches without GA3 spray produced very compact clusters with less average bunch weight, berry weight, berry diameter and berry length.
Use of expanded carrier screening for retrospective diagnosis of two deceased siblings with Van Maldergem syndrome 2: case report
Authors: Rahmani Nasim , Ahmadvand Mohammad , Khakpour Golnaz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Van Maldergem syndrome (VMLDS) is a recessive disease which affects multiple organs including the face, ear, and limb extremities. It can be caused by pathogenic variants in either the gene DCHS1 or FAT4. Diagnosis of VMLDS is complicated, especially regarding its similarity of symptoms to Hennekam syndrome, another disorder caused by FAT4 variants. Reported patients are two infantile siblings with multiple congenital anomalies, who deceased without clinical diagnosis. Whole exome sequencing was exploited for expanded carrier screening (ECS) of their parents, which revealed a novel splicing variant in the gene FAT4, NM_024582.6: c.7018+1G>A. In silico analysis of the variant indicates loss of canonical donor splice site of intron 6. This variant is classified as pathogenic based on ACMG criteria. Reverse phenotyping of patients resulted in likely diagnosis of VMLDS2. This study reaffirms the possibility of using ECS, leading to the genetic diagnosis of a rare disease with complicated clinical features.
Comparison of dietary intake between fixed orthodontic patients and control subjects
Authors: Shirazi Alireza Sarraf , Mobarhan Majid Ghayour , Nik Elham , Kerayechian Navid , Ferns Gordon A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a period of rapid physiological and psychological development which is associated with an increased demand in nutritional requirements. Orthodontic therapy is also commonly initiated during this phase of life and nutritional intake may also change during treatment.

Aims: To compare the nutrient intakes of adolescents wearing fixed orthodontic appliances and a control group matched for age and gender.

Method: A total of 180 patients aged between 15 and 17 years participated in this study (90 in the study group and 90 controls). Demographic data were collected by questionnaire and dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour memory recall and was analysed using Dietplan6 software (Forestfield Software Ltd, UK). Comparisons between groups were assessed by the Independent sample t-test and the SPSS was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Orthodontic patients consumed a similar number of total calories, protein and carbohydrate (p > 0.05); however, they had a greater intake of total fat, saturated fat, monosaturated fat, polysaturated fat, linolenic fat, linoleic fat and cholesterol and significantly lower intake of fibre, chromium and beta-carotene (p < 0.05) compared with the Control group. The intake of other macro- and micro-nutrients did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions: Adolescents receiving orthodontic treatment have an altered dietary intake that can be harmful to their health.
As adolescents are at a critical stage of development and dietary intake is of particular importance, it is recommended that targeted nutritional guidance is provided to patients during orthodontic treatment.
Evaluation of primary surgical outcomes in New Zealand patients with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate
Authors: Jack Hannah C. , Antoun Joseph S. , Fowler Peter V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate and compare the primary surgical outcomes of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients in two New Zealand cleft care centres.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of two providers of cleft care in New Zealand: Centre A in the North Island and Centre B in the South Island of New Zealand. Pre-orthodontic study models were evaluated from 28 UCLP patients from Centre A with primary surgical repairs performed between 1987–1999 and 31 UCLP patients from Centre B with primary surgical repairs performed between 1984–2000. Dental arch relationships were measured using the Goslon Yardstick. A Goslon score of 1 is considered to be an excellent outcome, whereas a score of 5 is a very poor treatment outcome.

Results: Intra- (Kappa: 0.84 – 0.93) and inter-examiner (Kappa: 0.63 – 0.69) reliabilities revealed good to very good agreement between examiners using the Goslon Yardstick. The mean Goslon score for Centre A was 3.5, with no cases in Group 1, five cases in Group 2 (17.9 per cent), nine cases in Group 3 (32.1 per cent), 11 cases in Group 4 (39.3 per cent) and three cases in Group 5 (10.7 per cent). The mean score for Centre B was 3.1, with one case in Group 1 (3.2 per cent), nine cases in Group 2 (29.0 per cent), eight cases in Group 3 (25.8 per cent), 11 cases in Group 4 (35.5 per cent) and two cases in Group 5 (6.5 per cent). There were no statistically significant differences between the two centres (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: The outcome scores from the two cleft centres, based on historic records, were disappointing and higher than expected. It is recommended that a review of primary surgical protocols be implemented to ensure outcomes comparable with international standards. The results provide useful benchmarks for future comparisons of treatment.
A comparative diagnostic assessment of anterior tooth and bone status using panoramic and periapical radiography
Authors: Le Tina , Nassery Khash , Kahler Bill , Ao Geoffrey Heithersay 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the present study was to compare diagnostic assessments of anterior tooth and bone status in a randomised cohort of pre-orthodontic patients using panoramic and periapical radiographs.

Method: Four hundred and forty-four cases with matched periapical and panoramic radiographs were examined by three observers. Two were final-year postgraduate endodontic students and the other, a final-year Honours degree dental student. Multi-rater Kappa values were used to assess the reliability of the observers, with a value of 1 equating to complete agreement.

Results: With the exception of endodontic Class 1 and 2 palatal invaginations, reliability exceeded 0.95 for all three observers. An assessment of the graduate endodontic students revealed only a marginal increase in the kappa values. Statistical analysis (p < 0.05) determined that developmental anomalies or tooth/bone pathoses were more reliably detected by observers using periapical radiographs compared with panoramic films. This finding has relevance given the likelihood of anterior dental trauma among young children.

Conclusion: While there have been considerable improvements in the quality of dental panoramic radiography, the present study indicated that a reliable pre-orthodontic or post-trauma diagnostic assessment should include both panoramic and intra-oral radiographs.
The safety zone for mini-implant maxillary anchorage in Mongoloids
Authors: Wey Mang Chek , Shim Chung Nam , Lee Meng Yit , Jamaluddin Marhazlinda , Ngeow Wei Cheong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to establish a safety zone for the placement of mini-implants in the buccal surface between the second maxillary premolar (PM2) and first maxillary molar (M1) of Mongoloids.

Methods: Thirty-two digital orthopantomograms of Mongoloids were selected and the interdental distance between the second premolar and first molar at 2, 5, 8 and 11 mm from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) was measured. The distance between the PM2 and M1 root apices and from the apices to the maxillary sinus was also determined.

Results: The average width (mm) at 2 mm was 2.58 ± 0.53; 5 mm was 3.47 ± 0.61; 8 mm was 4.00 ± 0.74, 11 mm was 4.36 ± 0.71 and the distance between the apices was 7.49 ± 0.79. Only half of the samples were measured at 11 mm, as many of the root apices were superimposed over the maxillary sinus. The measurement (mm) from PM2 root apex to the sinus was -0.18 ± 1.56, from the mesiobuccal root apex of M1 (MB1) to the sinus was -1.94 ± 1.70 and from the midpoint between their apices to the sinus was -2.96 ± 2.06 (superimposed on the sinus).

Conclusion: The safest area to place mini-implants between the second premolar and the first molar in the maxilla of Mongoloids is between 5 to 8 mm above the CEJ.
Validity and reliability of tooth size and dental arch measurements: a stereo photogrammetric study
Authors: Al-Khatib Ali R. , Rajion Zainul A. , Masudi Sam’an M. , Hassan Rozita , Townsend Grant C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: The development of three-dimensional computer imaging has many applications in dentistry, including the analysis of dental casts.

Aims: To assess the validity and reliability of a dental stereophotogrammetric imaging system.

Methods: The sample consisted of 35 sets of dental casts. Maxillary and mandibular dental crown widths and selected dental arch dimensions were measured directly using digital calipers. Cast images were also captured by a stereophotogrammetric system and analysed using Australis software. Dahlberg’s formula, paired t-tests and intra-class correlations were used to assess the random error, validity and reliability of the measurements, respectively.

Results: Most values demonstrated no significant difference between the direct and three-dimensional measurements with mean differences ranging from 0.05 - 0.21 mm. Moreover, values of intra-class correlation coefficients ranged between 0.80 - 0.99 for intra-examiner reliability.

Conclusions: Mesiodistal crown widths and dental arch dimensions may be measured accurately with relatively small error by the specially-designed 3D system and confirms its suitability for clinical and research purposes.
The effect of fluoride exposure on the load-deflection properties of superelastic nickel-titanium-based orthodontic archwires
Authors: Ahrari Farzaneh , Ramazanzadeh Barat-Ali , Sabzevari Berahman , Ahrari Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: It has been demonstrated that fluoride prophylactic agents may cause hydrogen absorption in NiTi wires and degrade their mechanical properties.

Aims: To investigate the effect of a fluoride mouthwash on load-deflection characteristics of three types of nickel-titanium-based orthodontic archwires.

Methods: Twenty maxillary 0.016 inch round specimens from each of the single-strand NiTi (Rematitan ‘Lite’), multi-strand NiTi (SPEED Supercable) and Copper NiTi (Damon Copper NiTi) wires were selected. The specimens were kept in either 0.2% NaF or artificial saliva solutions at 37°C for 24 hours (N = 10). The wire load-deflection properties were measured by a Zwick testing machine, using a three-point bending test. An un-paired student’s t-test, a one-way ANOVA and a Tukey post-hoc test were used to assess statistical significance.

Results: Immersion in NaF solution affected the load-deflection properties of NiTi wires. The unloading forces at 0.5 and 1.0 mm deflections were significantly lower in fluoride-treated specimens compared with the control groups (p < 0.05). Unloading forces at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mm deflections were not statistically different between fluoride- and saliva-treated specimens (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: The results suggested that subjecting NiTi wires to fluoride agents decreased associated unloading forces, especially at lower deflections, and may result in delayed tooth alignment.
A qualitative investigation of specialist orthodontists in New Zealand: Part 2. Orthodontists’ working lives and work-life balance
Authors: Soma Kieran J. , Murray Thomson W. , Morgaine Kate C. , Harding Winifred J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Orthodontics is the most widely practised form of specialist dentistry in New Zealand. To date, no known qualitative research has been published examining the work-life balance of practitioners. The aim of this study was to investigate the working lives and work-life balance of NZ orthodontists in order to generate an understanding of the reality of orthodontic specialist practice and its effects on orthodontists’ professional and personal lives.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted involving 19 practising orthodontists (four females, 15 males; mean age 50 years) from throughout New Zealand and selected for maximum variation in the sample. Transcribed interviews were analysed for themes using an applied grounded theory approach.

Results: A core category of ‘practising orthodontist’ was derived, and related themes were grouped under the sub-categories of: (a) NZ orthodontic specialist practice; (b) NZ specialist orthodontists; and (c) Work-life balance. The present paper reports on the final sub-category. Themes emerging from the work-life sub-category were further divided into two sub-themes of ‘work’ and ‘life’. Themes in the ‘work’ sub-group included time off, injuries and illness, regrets, personality traits, job stress and criticism, establishing a practice, peer support and contact, and success in orthodontics. Themes in the ‘life’ sub-group were personal development, family life, life balance and interests outside work, and financial security.

Conclusions: This was the first qualitative investigation of the orthodontic profession in New Zealand. The findings provided a valuable insight into the working lives of New Zealand orthodontists and effects on their day-to-day lives. It will be revealing and interesting to observe how the modernisation of orthodontic practice will affect the work-life balance of New Zealand orthodontists in the future.
Bone density and miniscrew stability in orthodontic patients
Authors: Samrit Vilas , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Duggal Ritu , Seith Ashu , Malhotra Varun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone density in buccal inter-radicular bone between second premolars and first permanent molars and its association with the clinical stability of miniscrews used for en masse retraction of anterior teeth in extraction cases.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight miniscrews were placed in ten patients (8 females, 2 males: mean age, 18.9 ± 4.12 years) to provide indirect orthodontic anchorage. Twenty miniscrews were placed in the maxilla and eighteen were inserted in the mandible. All of the miniscrews were placed in the buccal inter-radicular bone between the second premolar and the first permanent molar. Bone density at each miniscrew site was recorded by computed tomography and recorded in Hounsfield units (HU) before miniscrew placement. Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to apply an orthodontic force of 2N within one week following placement.

Results: Cortical bone density values ranged from 506.7 - 1705.6 HU (Mean, 929.27 ± 322.12 HU) in the maxilla and 503.8 - 1544.8 HU (Mean, 1116.2 ± 298.33 HU) in the mandible. Cancellous bone density values ranged from 185.9 - 930.8 HU (Mean, 450.09 ± 205.66 HU) in the maxilla and 197.3 - 803.6 HU (Mean, 561.87 ± 170.83 HU) in the mandible. There was no statistically significant difference between right and left sides. A bone density comparison between the maxilla and mandible revealed statistically significant higher values in mandibular cortical bone (p = 0.008), while no significant difference was found in cancellous bone values (p = 0.097). Clinically, the success rate of miniscrews in the maxilla was 100% but only 77.8% in the mandible. Miniscrew failures were associated with peri-implant inflammation and miniscrew proximity to dental roots. No relation was found between bone density and miniscrew stability.

Conclusion: The present study determined that no definitive association could be established between miniscrew success and bone density.
Effect of chlorhexidine varnish application on Streptococcus mutans colonisation in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Attin Rengin , Yetkiner Enver , Aykut-Yetkiner Arzu , Knösel Michael , Attin Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the re-colonisation pattern of Streptococcus mutans (MS) in high-level MS-colonised patients with fixed orthodontic appliances following 40% chlorhexidine varnish application prior to bracket placement.

Materials and methods: The subjects of this single-blinded clinical trial were 13-14-year-old adolescents (N = 14) with significant orthodontic treatment need, a high salivary MS count but without any carious lesions. Baseline MS levels were determined by the cultivation of saliva collected from each subject using strips developed for this purpose (Strip-mutans, Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland). Prior to the bonding of orthodontic brackets, 40% chlorhexidine varnish (EC 40, Explore, Nijmegen, Netherlands) was applied to all teeth for 10 minutes. The re-colonisation of MS was assessed at one, two, four and six week time periods. The data obtained were subjected to a repeated measures design.

Results: Chlorhexidine varnish reduced salivary MS significantly at the first, second and fourth weeks compared to baseline values. Significant MS suppression lasted less than six weeks and MS colonisation gradually returned to baseline level.

Conclusion: Repeated application of chlorhexidine varnish in orthodontic patients with high MS levels may be beneficial throughout fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.
Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on facial images captured on a 3D camera
Authors: Othman Siti Adibah , Ahmad Roshahida , Merican Amir Feisal , Jamaludin Marhazlinda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective: Fast and non-invasive systems of the three-dimensional (3D) technology are a recent trend in orthodontics. The reproducibility of facial landmarks is important so that 3D facial measurements are accurate and may be applied clinically. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks using a non-invasive stereo-photogrammetry 3D camera.

Material and methods: Twenty-four soft tissue landmarks on 3D facial images captured using a VECTRA-3D dual module camera system for full face imaging (Canfield Scientific Inc, Fairfield, NJ, USA) were viewed and analysed using Mirror software on 30 adult subjects (15 males and 15 females, in the age range of 20–25 years). The landmarks were identified, recorded and measured twice on each 3D facial image by one examiner after a 2-week interval. Intra-class correlations and paired t-test or Wilcoxon Rank test were performed for each landmark to assess intra-examiner reproducibility.

Results: Intra-class correlation coefficients for all 24 landmarks ranged from 0.68 to 0.97, indicating moderate to high reliability and reproducibility of all facial soft tissue landmarks. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon Rank test also revealed that there were no significant differences in all 24 facial soft tissue landmarks measurements (p = 0.17 – 0.99).

Conclusion: The results indicated that the reproducibility of identification of landmarks by one operator on facial images captured using a VECTRA-3D camera was acceptable. This device may be useful in treatment planning and may provide accurate information in making clinical decisions. However, it is suggested that further studies on inter-examiner reproducibility should be undertaken.
Aesthetic perception and factors associated with dentofacial midline awareness
Authors: Guo Congcong , Zhou Chen , Quan Chuntian , Wang Yuanyuan , Fan Mingling , Wang Weicai , Bao Baicheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims: To examine orthodontic patients’ aesthetic perception and factors likely to influence the detection of a dentofacial midline discrepancy.

Methods: An electronic questionnaire was designed to invite an orthodontic population to evaluate and select an ideal value, a detectable value and a tolerable value from a series of images exhibiting a dentofacial midline discrepancy. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate possible influencing factors.

Results: A barely discernable dentofacial midline discrepancy ranged between -0.020 ± 0.38 mm. The personal characteristics of the evaluators appeared to have no appreciable effect at this level. A detectable value was 1.33 ± 0.63 mm and the education level, orthodontic history and malocclusion severity were influencing factors amongst the assessors. A tolerable value was 2.63 ± 0.94 mm and influencing factors included the education level and the malocclusion severity of the evaluators.

Conclusion: The barely discernable value, detectable value and tolerable value could be used to quantify the aesthetic perception of orthodontic patients regarding a dentofacial midline discrepancy. The aesthetic perception was influenced by observer education level, orthodontic history and personal malocclusion severity, but not by age, gender, and subjective evaluation of dentofacial appearance.