bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of firing pin impressions using HOG‐SVM
Authors: Wen Zhijian , Curran James M. , Harbison SallyAnn , Wevers Gerhard E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCrimes, such as robbery and murder, often involve firearms. In order to assist with the investigation into the crime, firearm examiners are asked to determine whether cartridge cases found at a crime scene had been fired from a suspect's firearm. This examination is based on a comparison of the marks left on the surfaces of cartridge cases. Firing pin impressions can be one of the most commonly used of these marks. In this study, a total of nine Ruger model 10/22 semiautomatic rifles were used. Fifty cartridges were fired from each rifle. The cartridge cases were collected, and each firing pin impression was then cast and photographed using a comparison microscope. In this paper, we will describe how one may use a computer vision algorithm, the Histogram of Orientated Gradient (HOG), and a machine learning method, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), to classify images of firing pin impressions. Our method achieved a reasonably high accuracy at 93%. This can be used to associate a firearm with a cartridge case recovered from a scene. We also compared our method with other feature extraction algorithms. The comparison results showed that the HOG‐SVM method had the highest performance in this classification task.
The where, who and how of adrenal vein sampling in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Ng Elisabeth , Chong Winston , Lau Kenneth K , Gwini Stella May , Carroll Richard W , Doery James CG , Fuller Peter J , Yang Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrimary aldosteronism (PA) causes 10–15% of cases of hypertension, and it is increasingly recognised as being under‐diagnosed. An interventional radiology procedure, adrenal vein sampling (AVS), is a necessary and important diagnostic procedure for complete workup of PA. There is an anticipated increase in demand for AVS as detection of PA improves. This study aims to describe the current landscape of AVS in Australia and New Zealand (NZ).MethodsTwo surveys exploring AVS methodology and performance were conducted of (i) Endocrinology Unit Heads and (ii) interventional radiologists who perform AVS, at public hospitals with Endocrinology Units across Australia and NZ.ResultsResponses were received from 48/53 Endocrinology Unit Heads (91%) and 35 radiologists from 26 sites (87% of AVS sites). AVS was provided at 28/48 Endocrinology sites (58%) across Australia and NZ. In Australia, sites were concentrated in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland with none in the Northern Territory; in NZ, sites were more evenly distributed across the North and South Islands. AVS was performed by 1–2 dedicated radiologists at 24 sites, 2–3 radiologists at two sites and a rotating roster of radiologists at two sites. Responses to both surveys revealed significant variation in AVS methodology and interpretation of AVS results.ConclusionThere is significant heterogeneity in the availability of AVS, the procedural details and the interpretation of results across Australia and NZ, which potentially impacts the quality of patient care and ability to scale up AVS capacity to meet increasing demand.
An optimal dose‐fractionation for stereotactic body radiotherapy in peripherally, centrally and ultracentrally located early‐stage non‐small lung cancer
Authors: Zarębska Izabela , Harat Maciej 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), is commonly used in inoperable patients with early‐stage non‐small lung cancer (NSCLC). This treatment has good outcomes and low toxicity in peripherally located tumors. However, in lesions which are located close to structures such as the bronchial tree or mediastinum the risk of severe toxicity increases. This review summarizes the evidence of dose‐fractionation in SBRT of NSCLC patients in various locations.
Headline Impression Management in the Earnings Press Releases of TSX Venture Exchange Firms*
Authors: Mansurov Alisher , Bujaki Merridee , McConomy Bruce 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper explores firms traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) Venture Exchange and their voluntary disclosure practices by focusing on earnings press releases (EPRs). We compare the characteristics of EPR issuers and non‐issuers and investigate how the former group uses headline impression management in their EPRs to highlight firm performance. More precisely, we examine emphasis and tone management techniques in the headlines of over 1,300 EPRs by TSX Venture Exchange (TSX‐V) firms. Our results show that the main determinants of the EPR disclosure choice are the achievement of positive revenue, an increasing trend in firm market value, and industry type. We find that EPR issuers reinforce and repeat positive results in the headlines of EPRs and use positive tone management to highlight positive financial performance. Our results confirm the association between firm performance and strategic placement of performance results, while illustrating that the strength of this association varies by industry and by EPR characteristics such as EPR length and numerical intensity. Overall, this paper sheds light on TSX‐V firms, their disclosure practices, and potential violations of recommendations from regulators regarding avoiding exaggerated or promotional language in press releases.
The silent burden of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in the elderly: A global burden of disease analysis
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Ng Cheng Han , Muthiah Mark D. , Duangsonk Kwanjit , Yong Jie Ning , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Lim Wen Hui , Wong Zhen Yu , Syn Nicholas , Tsusumi Tsubasa , Takahashi Hirokazu , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Mantzoros Christos S. , Huang Daniel Q. , Noureddin Mazen , Loomba Rohit , Sanyal Arun J. , Wijarnpreecha Karn 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a significant health threat worldwide. The growing trend towards an aging population, along with an alarming rise in obesity and diabetes, may have significant implications for the burden of NAFLD.AimTo assess the impact of NAFLD on the elderly.MethodsWe utilised data from the Global Burden of Disease study between 2010 and 2019 to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with NAFLD in the elderly (65–89 years), stratified by region, nation, sociodemographic Index and sex.ResultsGlobally, there were an estimated 228 million cases, 87,230 deaths and 1.46 million DALYs attributed to NAFLD in the elderly. Geographically, the Western Pacific region had the highest burden of NAFLD in the elderly. From 2010 to 2019, there was an increasing prevalence rate in all areas, with the most pronounced change observed in the Western Pacific region (annual percentage change (APC) +0.95%, p < 0.001). Over the study period, there was a more rapid increase in NAFLD prevalence in men (APC +0.74%, p < 0.001) than in women (APC +0.63%, p < 0.001). In most regions, death and DALYs rates have declined, with the exception of the Americas, where there was a slight increase (APC +0.25%, p = 0.002 and 0.38%, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionOver the past decade, the burden of NAFLD in the elderly has been increasing, necessitating immediate and inclusive measures to tackle the rising burden.
The framing of initial COVID‐19 communication: Using unsupervised machine learning on press releases
Authors: Tomasi Stella , Kumble Sushma , Diddi Pratiti , Parolia Neeraj 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic was a global health crisis that required US residents to understand the phenomenon, interpret the cues, and make sense within their environment. Therefore, how the communication of COVID‐19 was framed to stakeholders during the early stages of the pandemic became important to guide them through specific actions in their state and subsequently with the sensemaking process. The present study examines which frames were emphasized in the states' press releases on policies and other COVID information to influence stakeholders on what to focus on to help with sensemaking during the crisis. We conducted content analysis on 602 press releases from 50 US states using an unsupervised machine learning approach called Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The results show that health communication using press releases to help the public make sense of the crisis were framed to include health frames as well as economic frames. Health communication messages are typically framed with health and safety measures; however, this study shows that economic frames were emphasized more than public health frames in the government's health communication for COVID‐19, which forced both large and small businesses to engage in specific socially responsible activities that were previously voluntary to support public health safety.
Outcome after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy failure in large B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Dodero Anna , Bramanti Stefania , Di Trani Martina , Pennisi Martina , Ljevar Silva , Chiappella Annalisa , Massimo Magagnoli , Guidetti Anna , Corrado Francesco , Nierychlewska Paulina Maria , Di Rocco Alice , Lorenzini Daniele , Daoud Rahal , De Philippis Chiara , Santoro Armando , Carlo‐Stella Carmelo , Corradini Paolo 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThis study retrospectively evaluated the outcome of salvage therapy in 51 patients who failed axicabtagene ciloleucel or tisagenlecleucel for relapsed/refractory large B‐cell lymphomas. Of these patients, 22 (43%) were enrolled in clinical trials (glofitamab or loncastuximab tesirine + ibrutinib), whereas 29 received standard therapies (lenalidomide [Len], checkpoint inhibitors [CPIs], ibrutinib [I], chemoimmunotherapy and radiotherapy) or supportive care. Overall, 26 of 39 (67%) treated patients received a treatment based on immunotherapy (glofitamab, CPI, Len) that was mainly represented by bispecific antibody (n = 18). In this subgroup, plasma samples were collected and analysed for circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) using cancer‐personalized profiling by deep sequencing (CAPP‐seq). The study found that patients with high ctDNA had poor outcomes. At a median follow‐up of 11.7 months, the estimated 12‐month overall survival (OS) was 35%. Factors adversely affecting the prognosis in the multivariable model were the absence of response to CAR T‐cell therapy (HR: 3.08; p = 0.0109) and a diagnosis other than PMBCL and t‐FL (HR: 4.54; p = 0.0069). The outcome of patients failing CAR T cells is poor and requires further investigation.
The Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme: Report from 16 years of screening in a low‐prevalence, non‐endemic region
Authors: Gravholt Esther Agnethe Ejskjær , Petersen Jesper , Mottelson Mathis , Nardo‐Marino Amina , Rathe Mathias , Olsen Marianne , Holm Charlotte , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Birgens Henrik , Glenthøj Andreas 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme seeks to determine parental haemoglobinopathy carrier state antenatally. In this retrospective register‐based study, we evaluated the 16‐year trajectory of this programme, utilising the Danish Red Blood Cell Centre's laboratory database, covering approximately 77% of the Danish population. During the study period, we observed a substantial increase in annual diagnostic examinations performed, from 389 in 2007 to 3030 in 2022. Women constituted 88% of these cases, aligning with the emphasis of the screening programme. Of these, 54% of women of reproductive age (15–40 years) and 10% of women >40 years were specified as pregnant. During our study period, 61 children were born with a severe haemoglobinopathy, out of which 23 children were born from mothers not residing in Denmark during their first trimester thus not included in the screening programme. Prenatal invasive testing was performed for 60 fetuses, identifying 12 with homozygous or compound heterozygous haemoglobinopathy. The Danish haemoglobinopathy screening programme has provided screening, information and reproductive choices for numerous families. During the study period, screening for haemoglobinopathies has been steadily increasing and is expected to continue to increase. Awareness of and adherence to the screening programme is subject of further investigation and optimisation.
Within your rights: Dissociating wrongness and permissibility in moral judgement
Authors: Murray Samuel , Jiménez‐Leal William , Amaya Santiago 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAre we ever morally permitted to do what is morally wrong? It seems intuitive that we are, but evidence for dissociations among judgement of permissibility and wrongness is relatively scarce. Across four experiments (N = 1438), we show that people judge that some behaviours can be morally wrong and permissible. The dissociations arise because these judgements track different morally relevant aspects of everyday moral encounters. Judgements of individual rights predicted permissibility but not wrongness, while character assessment predicted wrongness but not permissibility. These findings suggest a picture in which moral evaluation is granular enough to express reasoning about different types of normative considerations, notably the possibility that people can exercise their rights in morally problematic ways.
What are the experiences of families facilitating the repatriation of their relatives with learning disabilities and/or autism back to Guernsey?
Authors: Wallace Rebecca , Morris Julian , Hodgkinson Melanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent Government guidelines have promoted returning people with learning disabilities and/or autism from out‐of‐area placements to their local communities. These transitions not only impact the individuals but also their families.MethodsThis study explores the experiences of family members who have been involved in the repatriation of people with learning disabilities and/or autism to their local community in Guernsey. Using semi‐structured interviews, participants' experiences were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.FindingsThree superordinate themes emerged: ‘distress, powerlessness and hopelessness’, ‘not feeling included’ and ‘parental role’.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the barriers and successes family members experience when supporting a relative with learning disabilities and/or autism to move back to Guernsey. Recommendations for healthcare services such as requirements for better communication and to include families in decision‐making are discussed.
Inequalities in dental services use by older adults in Chile according to eligibility for a national dental programme
Authors: Aravena‐Rivas Yanela , Venturelli Renato , Stennett Michelle , Tsakos Georgios 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and trends in dental service use among Chilean older adults (60+ years) between 2006 and 2017; to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and dental service use and type (public/private) in 2017 and whether these differ by eligibility to a national dental programme (GES‐60).MethodsThis study involved secondary data analysis of five nationally representative cross‐sectional surveys between 2006 and 2017. Trends were assessed for use of dental services and types of services used among 60‐79‐year‐olds. Logistic regression models examined the association between use of dental services in 2017 and socioeconomic variables (income and education), accounting for covariates (age, gender, residence, ethnicity, cohabiting status, employment and disability). Estimated marginal means and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to assess the association between socioeconomic variables and the outcomes by GES‐60 eligibility.ResultsAcross surveys, the average prevalence of use of dental services in the last 3 months was 5.0%. There was a slight increase in dental visits between 2006 and 2017. This trend was higher among GES‐60 eligible individuals using public dental services. Inequalities were observed in regression analyses. Compared to the poorest quintile and those with no formal education respectively, the ORs were 2.36 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–5.68) for the richest quintile and ranged from 2.91 (95% CI 1.49–5.68) to 6.43 (3.26–12.68) for each higher level of educational attainment. Inequalities were wider among GES‐60 non‐eligible than GES‐60 eligible older adults for both outcomes.ConclusionsSocioeconomic inequalities were present among older adults regardless of GES‐60 eligibility. However, these inequalities were more pronounced among non‐eligible individuals. Our findings suggest a limited impact of GES‐60 only among eligible older adults. Policies considering the needs of the whole older adult population are likely to have a stronger impact.
Advances in Data‐Driven Analysis and Synthesis of 3D Indoor Scenes
Authors: Patil Akshay Gadi , Patil Supriya Gadi , Li Manyi , Fisher Matthew , Savva Manolis , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis report surveys advances in deep learning‐based modelling techniques that address four different 3D indoor scene analysis tasks, as well as synthesis of 3D indoor scenes. We describe different kinds of representations for indoor scenes, various indoor scene datasets available for research in the aforementioned areas, and discuss notable works employing machine learning models for such scene modelling tasks based on these representations. Specifically, we focus on theanalysisandsynthesisof 3D indoor scenes. With respect to analysis, we focus on four basic scene understanding tasks – 3D object detection, 3D scene segmentation, 3D scene reconstruction and 3D scene similarity. And for synthesis, we mainly discuss neural scene synthesis works, though also highlighting model‐driven methods that allow for human‐centric, progressive scene synthesis. We identify the challenges involved in modelling scenes for these tasks and the kind of machinery that needs to be developed to adapt to the data representation, and the task setting in general. For each of these tasks, we provide a comprehensive summary of the state‐of‐the‐art works across different axes such as the choice of data representation, backbone, evaluation metric, input, output and so on, providing an organized review of the literature. Towards the end, we discuss some interesting research directions that have the potential to make a direct impact on the way users interact and engage with these virtual scene models, making them an integral part of the metaverse.
Aid is not development: The true character of Pacific aid
Authors: Taylor Dame Meg , Middleby Solstice 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMotivationYou need not look far to read stories extolling the virtues, promises, and achievements of aid to the Pacific, but such stories are far from lived experience or empirical reality. There are other often silenced stories, stories that need to be heard. They speak of broken promises and obfuscation, oppressive bureaucratic conditions, and private contractors competing for profit off the back of the Pacific's poor and vulnerable people.PurposeThis article seeks to uncover something of the true character of aid, how it has changed (over the past decade) and how donors, their intermediaries, and Pacific recipients have responded.Methods and approachWe use our ethnographic and auto‐ethnographic insights to explore repressed stories; insights drawn from seven decades of collective experiences and observations of Australian aid, Australia being the region's largest and most significant donor.FindingsWe see three clear shifts in Australian aid over the last decade: (1) aid has become more politicized, deployed to support Australian interests; (2) aid has been increasingly privatized as much of the aid has been spent through four large Australian and international corporations—with local Pacific companies marginalized; and (3) aid has been increasingly contested by the peoples of the Pacific.Such changes have encouraged donors to tighten their grip on power. They have encouraged intermediaries to act as their agents, performing high levels of “interpretive labour.” They compete for donor custom and favour.Recipients of aid have been left with few options: they can comply with donors, thanking them for their generosity. They may resent the way they have been stripped of agency, perhaps looking to China for a different relationship.Aid of this character is not development. Rather, it is an unchecked donor‐driven system, beset by excessive power and control to benefit the system and its agents. Such aid may result in some success, but it systematically fails to empower Pacific agency and to reduce aid dependency.Policy implicationsA magnitude of change is required. We recommend more space for reflection on the lived experience of aid and on those generative, transformative initiatives occurring outside the aid system.We urge recipients of aid to take responsibility for development; to demand reform to see platitudes around listening, respect, and partnership become something more than words on a page; to ensure aid invests in long‐term development aligned to Pacific plans and priorities on Pacific terms—or to reject aid outright.
A simple technique to assess resource use in dung beetle breeding studies
Authors: Lewis Megan J. , Berson Jacob D. , Didham Raphael K. , Evans Theodore A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Current methods for identifying resource preferences in dung beetles are based on above‐ground trials. Although useful, these methods do not directly investigate resource provisioning of offspring below ground, missing an important part of dung beetle ecology.
We tested the potential for UV‐fluorescent and non‐fluorescent coloured glitters to be used as markers for tracing the origin of dung incorporated into brood balls (dung shaped by parental beetles enclosing an egg), and so aid in a more complete understanding of resource use in dung beetles. We tested the effect of glitter addition on brood ball production in two species of tunnelling dung beetles, Onthophagus taurus and Euoniticellus fulvus.
There was no effect of glitter addition on brood ball production during no‐choice tests for each species: both species made a similar number of brood balls, regardless of glitter presence or glitter colour. In a separate choice trial, O. taurus showed no preference for dung when presented with four dung pats containing four unique glitter colours.
Here we show that glitter can be used as an effective marker of individual brood ball origin in tunnelling dung beetles. This method provides a useful tool for tracking below ground resource use and larval provisioning experiments in dung beetles.
Towards a mechanistic understanding of variation in aquatic food chain length
Authors: Guo Guanming , Barabás György , Takimoto Gaku , Bearup Daniel , Fagan William F. , Chen Dongdong , Liao Jinbao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEcologists have long sought to understand variation in food chain length (FCL) among natural ecosystems. Various drivers of FCL, including ecosystem size, resource productivity and disturbance, have been hypothesised. However, when results are aggregated across existing empirical studies from aquatic ecosystems, we observe mixed FCL responses to these drivers. To understand this variability, we develop a unified competition‐colonisation framework for complex food webs incorporating all of these drivers. With competition‐colonisation tradeoffs among basal species, our model predicts that increasing ecosystem size generally results in a monotonic increase in FCL, while FCL displays non‐linear, oscillatory responses to resource productivity or disturbance in large ecosystems featuring little disturbance or high productivity. Interestingly, such complex responses mirror patterns in empirical data. Therefore, this study offers a novel mechanistic explanation for observed variations in aquatic FCL driven by multiple environmental factors.