bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Energy Dissipation and γ-Ray Emission in Energetic Pulsars
Authors: Hakobyan Hayk , Philippov Alexander , Spitkovsky Anatoly 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Some of the most energetic pulsars exhibit rotation-modulated γ-ray emission in the 0.1–100 GeV band. The luminosity of this emission is typically 0.1%–10% of the pulsar spin-down power (γ-ray efficiency), implying that a significant fraction of the available electromagnetic energy is dissipated in the magnetosphere and reradiated as high-energy photons. To investigate this phenomenon we model a pulsar magnetosphere using 3D particle-in-cell simulations with strong synchrotron cooling. We particularly focus on the dynamics of the equatorial current sheet where magnetic reconnection and energy dissipation take place. Our simulations demonstrate that a fraction of the spin-down power dissipated in the magnetospheric current sheet is controlled by the rate of magnetic reconnection at microphysical plasma scales and only depends on the pulsar inclination angle. We demonstrate that the maximum energy and the distribution function of accelerated pairs is controlled by the available magnetic energy per particle near the current sheet, the magnetization parameter. The shape and the extent of the plasma distribution is imprinted in the observed synchrotron emission, in particular, in the peak and the cutoff of the observed spectrum. We study how the strength of synchrotron cooling affects the observed variety of spectral shapes. Our conclusions naturally explain why pulsars with higher spin-down power have wider spectral shapes and, as a result, lower γ-ray efficiency.
GRB 080503: A Very Early Blue Kilonova and an Adjacent Nonthermal Radiation Component
Authors: Zhou Hao , Jin Zhi-Ping , Covino Stefano , Lei Lei , An Yu , Gong Hong-Yu , Fan Yi-Zhong , Wei Da-Ming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The temporal behavior of the very dim optical afterglow of GRB 080503 is at odds with the regular forward shock afterglow model and a sole kilonova component responsible for optical emission has been speculated in some literature. Here we analyze the optical afterglow data available in archive and construct time-resolved spectra. The significant detection by Keck I in G/R bands at t ∼ 3 days, which has not been reported before, as well as the simultaneous Gemini-North r-band measurement, are in favor of a power-law spectrum that is well consistent with the optical to X-ray spectrum measured at t ∼ 4.5 days. However, for t ≤ 2 days, the spectrum is thermal-like and a straightforward interpretation is a kilonova emission from a neutron star merger, making it, possibly, the first detection of a very early kilonova signal at t ∼ 0.05 day. A nonthermal nature of optical emission at late times (t ∼ 2 days), anyhow, cannot be ruled out because of the large uncertainty of the g-band data. We also propose to classify the neutron star merger induced optical transients, according to the temporal behaviors of the kilonova and the nonthermal afterglow emission, into four types. GRB 080503 would then represent the first observation of a subgroup of neutron star merger driven optical transients (i.e., type IV) consisting of an early blue kilonova and an adjacent nonthermal afterglow radiation.
Opportunistic Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Compact Objects in Long-period Binaries
Authors: Singh Avneet , Papa Maria Alessandra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Most all-sky searches for continuous gravitational waves assume the source to be isolated. In this paper, we allow for an unknown companion object in a long-period orbit and opportunistically use previous results from an all-sky search for isolated sources to constrain the continuous gravitational-wave amplitude over a large and unexplored range of binary orbital parameters without explicitly performing a dedicated search for binary systems. The resulting limits are significantly more constraining than any existing upper limits for unknown binary systems, albeit the latter apply to different orbital parameter ranges that are computationally much costlier to explore.
PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zeynep Ozgul , Funda Canaz , Evrim Yılmaz , Deniz Arık , Bülent Yıldız , Fatih Yasar N. 
Published: January 2023

Context:
The programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that suppresses T-cell response. The binding of PD-1 to PD-L1/PD-L2 results cytokine production, and T-cell proliferation are reduced. Tumors expressing PD-L1 and PD-L2 escape from cytotoxic T-cells and are exposed to tumor progression. For this reason, immunotherapy has become a new option in the treatment of cancer.

Aims:
In this study, we examined the PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and evaluated the relationship between clinicopathological parameters and CD8+ T cells.

Methods and Material:
We evaluated CD8 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and surrounding tumor lymphocytes with PD-L1, PD-L2 staining in tumor cells and immune cells formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples of 124 patient diagnosed with CRC.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Pearson Chi-Square, Fisher Exact Chi-Square, and Pearson Exact Chi-Square analyses were used in the analysis of the cross tables. Survival distributions predicted Kaplan--Meier method and it was evaluated using log-rank statistics.

Results:
In our study, a significant correlation was found between PD-L1 expression and female sex and tumors with medullary morphology. No expression of PD-L2 was observed in tumors containing medullary morphology, and a statistically inverse relationship was observed between PD-L2 and the medullary component. PD-L1 positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were determined to be an important predictor for recurrence-free survival.

Conclusions:
We believe that the evaluation of these parameters may be useful in the selection of patients who will benefit from immunotherapy in CRC cases.
Application of Learning Technology in Domino Card Games on a large scale and individually to the responses of senior high school students
Authors: HN Mohammad Furqon , Madlazim Madlazim , Supardi Zainul Arifin Imam 
Published: January 2023

Learning by applying game technology in learning media will attract students' attention. This study uses a domino physics game with quantities and units as materials. Each card will be printed with a barcode containing information regarding the principal amount, unit, symbol, and dimensions. The process of making physics domino card media uses the ADDIE development model. The trial was conducted on 133 class X students at one of the SHS in the Pamekasan and Surabaya Regencies. The results of the validation of the physics domino cards in the media aspect obtained a very valid average category value, and the material aspects got a very valid average category value. The results of the average percentage of responses of Al Amien Pamekasan senior high school students after using the domino physics media with indicators of ease of obtaining, interest, and usefulness obtained scores in the very good category. The results of the average percentage of responses from Pamekasan 4 senior high school students after using the domino physics media with indicators of ease of obtaining, interest, and usefulness obtained scores in the very good category. The average percentage of senior high school 9 Surabaya responses after using the domino physics media with indicators of ease of obtaining, interest, and usefulness received scores in the very good category. Domino physics learning media can make it easier for students to understand the material in quantities and units and instill a strong will to learn physics.
Perspectives for the Tourism and Hospitality Industry in a Globally Competitive Environment
Authors: Pugachov Mykola 
Published: January 2023

The emergence of the latest global challenges and threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine’s military confrontation with the armed aggression of the Russian Federation actualize the problem of destabilization of the tourism and hospitality industry and aggravate the need for post-war reconstruction of the destroyed infrastructure and ensuring the basis for sustainable development of the country. Under such conditions, the development of the tourism and hospitality industry acquires great importance, which can attract additional financial resources, create new jobs, increase the competitiveness of economic entities and enhance the international image of the country. The aim of the study is to justify the theoretical and applied principles and determine the prospects for the development of the tourism and hospitality industry in a globally competitive environment. The study applies general scientific and unique methods of economic analysis, namely: observation and system analysis; historical-logical method; analysis, comparison and synthesis; functional-system approach; graphical and tabular methods; generalization and systematization. Based on the findings of the study, it is established that the tourism and hospitality industry is experiencing a protracted crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic and armed military conflicts in today’s environment. Significant reductions in tourism flow to Europe and Asia, and the Pacific have been identified, notably France from 86.9 million people in 2019 to 1.2 million in 2022, Spain from 81.8 million people in 2019 to 9.1 million in 2022, Singapore from 0.15 million people in 2020 to 0.54 million in 2022 and Israel from 0.25 million people in 2020 to 0.23 million in 2022. Meanwhile, the share of GDP produced by the tourism and hospitality industry in total global GDP declined from 10.3 % in 2019 to 5.3 % in 2020. In 2021, it slightly increased to 6.1 %, which requires state support for the tourism and hospitality industry and strengthening the competitiveness of economic entities in this sphere.
Emotional Biases and Equity Investment Decision of Individual Investors
Authors: Sapkota Mohan Prasad 
Published: January 2023

Emotional bias is the presentation of felling of the people about acting something. It affects the human behavior which ultimately influence the decision-making behavior of the individual investors. This study focuses on examining the influence of emotional biases on equity investment decision of individual investors. This study was based on quantitative approach of research with the sample size of 385 individual investors. However, the response rate of the study was 79% while the usable response was only 68.31% of the sample. Emotional biases are measured by loss aversion bias, overconfidence bias, endowment bias, self-control bias, regret aversion bias and status quo bias. Evidence indicates that loss aversion bias, overconfidence bias, self-control bias and regret aversion bias had significant positive influence on equity investment decision. However, endowment bias and status quo bias had no significant contribution to the equity investment decision of the individual investors in Chitwan. Hence, the equity investment decision of investors in Chitwan is broadly depend upon easily and readily available information and strongly based on their own beliefs and emotions without resorting to deep research, investigation, information processing and analysis of the securities and the market with fundamental and technical analysis that leads to overtrading and overreaction to the market, holding on too losing stock enormously, holdings on to enormous risky portfolios, selling off gaining portfolio to early and finally, making investment decisions without proper analysis of the information, decisions are based on their own moods, beliefs, emotions, past experience and stock of knowledge.
TINJAUAN KELENGKAPAN FORMULIR RINGKASAN MASUK DAN KELUAR PASIEN RAWAT INAP BERDASARKAN ANALISIS KUANTITATIF PENYAKIT CATARACK, UNSPECIFIED DI RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM AMAL SEHAT SRAGEN
Authors: Arini Liss Dyah Dewi , Absari Marisca Windi , Nugraheni Sri Wahyuningsih 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Efforts to improve hospital quality need to be carried out to assess hospital services, namely by conducting quantitative analysis.
Objectives: To find out the completeness of filling in and out summary forms for inpatients based on quantitative analysis of catarack disease, unspecified at the Amal Sehat Islamic Hospital, Sragen.
Methods: This research is a descriptive study, using the method of observation and interviews. The population in this study were 616 medical records of inpatients with cataracts, unspecified by using a random sampling technique where the sample was taken randomly and the Slovin formula was used to determine the sampling.
Result: analysis in the review of identification of the complete number of 240 documents with a percentage of 98.77% while those that were incomplete were 3 documents with a percentage of 1.23%, in the review of reporting the complete number of 123 documents with a percentage of 50 ,62% while the incomplete ones are 120 with a percentage of 49.38%, in the authentication review the complete number is 236 documents with a percentage of 97.12% while the incomplete ones are 7 documents with a percentage of 2.88% and in the recording review the total number is 2.88%. 236 complete documents with a percentage of 97.12% while 7 documents incomplete with a percentage of 2.88%
Conclusion: the incompleteness of medical record documents at the Amal Sehat Hospital Sragen is still not optimal, medical and non-medical officers should be more careful in completing medical record documents.
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG SEKS PRANIKAH PADA SISWA KELAS XI DI SMK NEGERI 1 KEDAWUNG SRAGEN
Authors: Rahmasari Ikrima , Sari Wafroh Endah , Ifalahma Darah 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Premarital sex is behavior that is driven by sexual desire with the opposite sex, both kissing, groping sensitive areas, making out made by two people who love each other and are not legal in marriage. It is easy to get information from the mass media, sometimes teenagers are also encouraged to be curious and try things they don't know yet. At SMK N 1 Kedawung Sragen there are 4 students who have premarital sex.
Objectives: describe the description of the level of knowledge of adolescents about premarital sex in class XI students at SMK N 1 Kedawung Sragen.
Methods: The design of this study used descriptive research methods, the measuring instrument used was a questionnaire. The sample of this research is class XI students at SMK N 1 Kedawung Sragen. With a total of 78 respondents, the sampling technique was proportional random sampling and used univariate analysis.
Result: Based on the analysis, it was found that the level of adolescent knowledge about premarital sex in class XI students at SMK N 1 Kedawung Sragen, namely overall respondents had good knowledge of 43 people (55%) followed by respondents who had sufficient knowledge of 27 people (35%) and respondents who less knowledgeable, namely 8 people (10%).
Conclusion: that the description of the level of knowledge of adolescents about premarital sex is considered very good at SMK N 1 Kedawung Sragen. It is hoped that adolescents can increase their knowledge and not make the information obtained especially about premarital sex inappropriate.

Keywords: level of knowledge, premarital sex, sexual behavior.
Frontal effective connectivity increases with task demands and time on task: a Dynamic Causal Model of electrocorticogram in macaque monkeys
Authors: Wegner Katharina , Wilson Charles R. E. , Procyk Emmanuel , Friston Karl J. , Van de Steen Frederik , Pinotsis Dimitris A. , Marinazzo Daniele 
Published: January 2023

We apply Dynamic Causal Models to electrocorticogram recordings from two macaque monkeys performing a problem-solving task that engages working memory, and induces time-on-task effects. We thus provide a computational account of changes in effective connectivity within two regions of the fronto-parietal network, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the pre-supplementary motor area. We find that forward connections between the two regions increased in strength when task demands increased, and as the experimental session progressed. Similarities in the effects of task demands and time on task allow us to interpret changes in frontal connectivity in terms of increased attentional effort allocation that compensates cognitive fatigue.
Analysis of Public Funds, a Tool for Substantiating the Authorities' Decisions for Sustainable Regional Development
Authors:   Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Doctoral School, PhD Student, No. 47 Domneasca Str., Galati, Romania, Culea Marius Silviu , Zhan Xiaoyu ,   "Valahia University of Targoviste, Doctoral School, PhD Student, No. 2 Carol I Bd., Dambovita, Romania ", Constantin Daniel ,   "Dunărea de Jos University of Galati, Doctoral School, PhD Student, No. 47 Domneasca Str., Galati, Romania"
Published: January 2023

The scientific research carried out according to the model of the ministry in charge of regional development public funds attempted to address the main question "Is the analysis of public funds allocated in the annual budgets a tool for substantiating decisions for sustainable regional development?". The epistemological approach was in a constructivist-positivist spirit and assumed the application of the ABC method. In this sense, with the help of the selective analysis of the components of the budgets allocated in the period 2015-2021, their structuring was carried out according to the ABC logic, by reference to the position held in the total budget allocated to regional development
INOVASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MELALUI PENINGKATAN PROFESIONAL GURU AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: SAUFI MUTAQIN , MUSLIMAH MUSLIMAH 
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the innovations made by Islamic religious education (PAI) teachers at SD Islam Terpadu Al – madaniyah Samuda. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach to improve the competence of Islamic teachers, namely Islamic education innovation through professional improvement of Islamic religious teachers. The research was conducted at Al Madaniyah Samuda Integrated Islamic Primary School, East Kotawaringin Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah District. The subjects in this study were 2 Islamic religious education (PAI) teachers. Data collection techniques are carried out by direct observation/ observation to obtain data, interviews and documentation. The results showed that professional teachers are teachers who are willing to renew themselves and are open to the times, master learning which is the competence possessed by the teacher, discipline, high integrity and strive to fulfill the vision and mission of the school. Islamic education (PAI) teachers must innovate in learning, utilizing various existing technologies such as abundant references in print, electronic, digital or online form. This makes it very easy for teachers and students in the learning and teaching process. Innovation can be made on the selection of teaching methods and techniques. In the midst of the diversity of methods and techniques, some of the basic things are that wherever possible the subject matter can be explained thoroughly and completely.
ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui inovasi yang dilakukan oleh guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di SD Islam Terpadu Al-Madaniyah Samuda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru agama Islam yaitu Inovasi pendidikan Islam melalui peningkatan profesional guru agama Islam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD Islam Terpadu Al-Madaniyah Samuda, Kotawaringin Timur Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru Pendidikan Agama Islam yang berjumlah dua orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi/ pengamatan secara langsung untuk mendapatkan data, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru profesional adalah guru yang mau memperbaharui diri dan terbuka terhadap perkembangan zaman, menguasai pembelajaran yang merupakan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh guru tersebut, disiplin, integritas tinggi dan berusaha untuk memenuhi visi dan misi sekolah. Guru pendidikan Agama Islam harus berinovasi dalam pembelajaran, memanfaatkan berbagai teknologi yang ada seperti banyaknya pustaka referensi yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh guru untuk memperkaya bahan ajar dan métode pembelajaran yang baik. Pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh guru bisa berupa penggunaan métode pembelajaran yang menarik dan mudah dipahami, penggunaan media yang bisa membantu pemahaman peserta didik dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang merupakan inovasi guru dalam melakukan perbaikan pembelajaran.
SHAFTS (v2022.3): a deep-learning-based Python package for simultaneous extraction of building height and footprint from sentinel imagery
Authors: Li Ruidong , Sun Ting , Tian Fuqiang , Ni Guang-Heng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Building height and footprint are two fundamental urban morphological features required by urban climate modelling.
Although some statistical methods have been proposed to estimate average building height and footprint from publicly available satellite imagery, they often involve tedious feature engineering which makes it hard to achieve efficient knowledge discovery in a changing urban environment with ever-increasing earth observations.
In this work, we develop a deep-learning-based (DL) Python package – SHAFTS (Simultaneous building Height And FootprinT extraction from Sentinel imagery) to extract such information.
Multi-task deep-learning (MTDL) models are proposed to automatically learn feature representation shared by building height and footprint prediction.
Besides, we integrate digital elevation model (DEM) information into developed models to inform models of terrain-induced effects on the backscattering displayed by Sentinel-1 imagery.
We set conventional machine-learning-based (ML) models and single-task deep-learning (STDL) models as benchmarks and select 46 cities worldwide to evaluate developed models’ patch-level prediction skills and city-level spatial transferability at four resolutions (100, 250, 500 and 1000 m). Patch-level results of 43 cities show that DL models successfully produce discriminative feature representation and improve the coefficient of determination (R2) of building height and footprint prediction more than ML models by 0.27–0.63 and 0.11–0.49, respectively.
Moreover, stratified error assessment reveals that DL models effectively mitigate the severe systematic underestimation of ML models in the high-value domain: for the 100 m case, DL models reduce the root mean square error (RMSE) of building height higher than 40 m and building footprint larger than 0.25 by 31 m and 0.1, respectively, which demonstrates the superiority of DL models on refined 3D building information extraction in highly urbanized areas.
For the evaluation of spatial transferability, when compared with an existing state-of-the-art product, DL models can achieve similar improvement on the overall performance and high-value prediction.
Furthermore, within the DL family, comparison in building height prediction between STDL and MTDL models reveals that MTDL models achieve higher accuracy in all cases and smaller bias uncertainty for the prediction in the high-value domain at the refined scale, which proves the effectiveness of multi-task learning (MTL) on building height estimation.