bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonabelian flows in networks
Authors: van Gent D. M. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work we consider a generalization of graph flows. A graph flow is, in its simplest formulation, a labelling of the directed edges with real numbers subject to various constraints. A common constraint is conservation in a vertex, meaning that the sum of the labels on the incoming edges of this vertex equals the sum of those on the outgoing edges. One easy fact is that if a flow is conserving in all but one vertex, then it is also conserving in the remaining one. In our generalization we do not label the edges with real numbers, but with elements from an arbitrary group, where this fact becomes false in general. As we will show, graphs with the property that conservation of a flow in all but one vertex implies conservation in all vertices are precisely the planar graphs.
Early experience with robotic central pancreatectomy with patient‐reported outcomes and comparison with open central pancreatectomy
Authors: Ajay Pranay S. , Eng Nina L. , Sok Caitlin P. , Mustin Danielle E. , Cardona Kenneth , Sarmiento Juan M. , Shah Mihir. M. , Russell Maria C. , Maithel Shishir K. , Kooby David A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRobotic central pancreatectomy (CP) has emerged in recent years as a noninferior approach to open CP and may offer improved patient‐reported outcomes and reduction in incisional hernias.MethodsAll patients who underwent open and robotic CP between (2013 and 2022) were selected, and perioperative outcomes were analyzed. Patients who underwent robotic CP were interviewed over the phone to assess patient‐reported postoperative outcomes.ResultsA total of 18 CP operations (56%—open vs. 44%—robotic) were identified. The overall median age was 67 years (interquartile range: 60–72), and 50% (n = 9) of patients were female. Median length of surgery was statistically longer for robotic CP (411 vs. 138 min, p = 0.002); all other intraoperative variables were similar. Postoperatively, a similar number of patients in the open and robotic cohorts developed clinically significant postoperative pancreatic fistulas (37.5% vs. 30%, p = 1) and major complications (37.5% vs. 20%, p = 0.60), respectively. No patients in the robotic cohort developed an incisional hernia, compared to 40% (n = 4) in open (p = 0.08). All patients returned to a baseline level of activity and reported a high quality of life.ConclusionWith the exception of longer operative times, robotic CP is a noninferior, definitive resection technique for select lesions of the middle pancreas. Additionally, the robotic approach may result in a reduction in incisional hernia development.
Simultaneous quantification of (E) and (Z) isomers of rilpivirine and four degradation products in bulk and tablets by reversed‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography and confirmation of all by molecular weight
Authors: Mhaske Deepak Krishna , Kumbhar Arjun Shankar 
Published: April 2023

The (E)‐isomer of rilpivirine is an approved antiretroviral drug used to treat human immunodeficiency virus. A simple, fast, accurate, and precise analytical method is required to confirm the quality, purity, efficacy, and safety of drug substances and drug products containing rilpivirine. This research article offers a comprehensive ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous separation and quantification of (E) and (Z) isomers of rilpivirine, including two amide impurities, one nitrile impurity, and one dimer impurity, in both bulk and tablet forms. After complete validation, the proposed reversed‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method has proven to be simple, fast, linear, accurate, and precise, with a lower limit of quantification and detection of 0.05 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively, for all six analytes. Separation was achieved on a Waters Acquity ethylene bridged hybrid Shield RP18 (150 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column maintained at 35.0°C using a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.05% formic acid in 10 mM ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.30 ml/min. A systematic forced degradation study on the undissolved rilpivirine revealed the formation of acid‐base hydrolyzed amide impurities (Impurity‐A and Impurity‐B), oxidative nitrile impurities (Impurity‐C), and Z‐isomer and dimer impurities of rilpivirine (Impurity‐D and Impurity‐E) due to alkaline hydrolysis and photodegradation. The proposed method is primarily appropriate for applications requiring the precise determination of desired and undesired isomers of rilpivirine and its degradation products, such as those involving the safety, efficacy, and quality roles of rilpivirine in bulk and tablet forms. Additionally, the proposed ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method in combination with a mass spectrometer and photo‐diode array detector is helpful for the confirmation and correct identification of all analytes.
OH reaction rate coefficients, infrared spectra, and climate metrics for (E)‐ and (Z)‐ 2‐perfluoroheptene (2‐C7F14) and 3‐perfluoroheptene (3‐C7F14)
Authors: Chattopadhyay Aparajeo , Papadimitriou Vassileios C. , Burkholder James B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, perfluoroheptene 2‐ and 3‐C7F14 stereoisomer specific gas‐phase OH reaction rate coefficients, k, were measured at 296 K in ∼600 Torr (He bath gas) using a relative rate (RR) method. Gas‐chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD) was used for the separation and detection of the stereoisomers. Rate coefficients for (E)‐2‐C7F14, (Z)‐2‐C7F14, (E)‐3‐C7F14, and (Z)‐3‐C7F14 were measured to be (in units of 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) (3.60 ± 0.51), (2.22 ± 0.21), (3.43 ± 0.47), and (1.48 ± 0.19), respectively, where the uncertainties include estimated systematic errors. Rate coefficients for the (E)‐ stereoisomers were found to be systematically greater than the (Z)‐ stereoisomers by a factor of 1.6 and 2.3 for 2‐C7F14 and 3‐C7F14, respectively. Atmospheric lifetimes with respect to OH radical reaction for (E)‐2‐C7F14, (Z)‐2‐C7F14, (E)‐3‐C7F14, (Z)‐3‐C7F14 were estimated to be ∼33, ∼56, ∼36, and ∼86 days, respectively, for an average OH radical concentration of 1 × 106 molecule cm−3. Quantitative infrared absorption spectra were measured as part of this work. Complimentary theoretically calculated infrared absorption spectra using density functional theory (DFT) are included in this work. The theoretical spectra were used to evaluate stereoisomer climate metrics. Radiative efficiencies (adjusted) and global warming potentials (GWPs, 100‐year time‐horizon), were estimated to be 0.12, 0.19, 0.12, and 0.23 W m−2 ppb−1 and 1.9, 5.1, 2.1, 9.3 for (E)‐2‐C7F14, (Z)‐2‐C7F14, (E)‐3‐C7F14, (Z)‐3‐C7F14, respectively. Atmospheric degradation mechanisms are discussed.
Emergent Phenomena of Vector Solitons Induced by the Linear Coupling
Authors: Du Yueqing , He Zhiwen , Gao Qun , Zhang Heze , Zeng Chao , Mao Dong , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoupling between modes is crucial for generating coherent structures and spatiotemporal chaos in optical systems. In an ultrafast fiber laser with birefringence, the stable pulse is viewed as a vector soliton (VS) with two orthogonal modes nonlinearly coupled through the Kerr effect and gain/loss. However, the dynamics of a VS in the presence of linear coupling is unperceived despite linear coupling playing a significant role in various optical systems. Here, it is shown that a local linear coupling between polarization modes in lasers facilitates brand‐new nonlinear states, including stationary, breathing, and chaotic VSs. The observed solitary states can be regarded as emergent phenomena when two particles (polarization modes) in a system have a simple interaction (linear coupling), which are ubiquitous in biology, chemistry, and complex systems. It is found that linear coupling is essential for sustaining the internal balance between two modes within the VS. Chaotic dynamics of VS emerge under weak linear coupling, while the two modes lose trapping due to the birefringence in the absence of linear coupling. This work can offer new insight into the two‐mode nonlinear system and inspire research interests in the intelligent manipulation of ultrashort pulse lasers.
Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Acetals: Strategy for both Recyclable and Degradable Materials
Authors: Shen Ting , Chen Kaihao , Chen Yougen , Ling Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo cope with the severe plastic waste crisis, massive efforts are made to develop sustainable polymer materials whose degradation involves a disposing and decomposing to small molecule (DDM) and/or a chemical recycling to monomer (CRM) process. Polyacetals, a type of pH‐responsive polymers, are degradable under acidic conditions, while highly stable under neutral and basic circumstances. As for their synthesis, the cationic ring‐opening polymerization (CROP) of cyclic acetals is an elegant and promising approach, though suffering from fatal side reactions and polymerization‐depolymerization equilibrium. Recent development in CRM restimulates the interest in the long‐forgotten CROP method due to its inherent depolymerization characteristics. In terms of the end‐of‐life options, polyacetals are recyclable materials with both DDM and CRM potentials. They not only expand the scope of materials for closed‐loop recycling but also help to tune the degradation properties of traditional polyesters and polyolefins. This review aims to discuss the synthesis of various polyacetals by CROP and their degradation properties from the perspectives of 1) polymerization of cyclic acetals, dioxepins, and hemiacetal esters, 2) copolymerization of cyclic acetals with heterocyclic or vinyl monomers, and 3) degradation and recycling properties of the related polymers.
Targeted therapy for cisplatin‐resistant lung cancer via aptamer‐guided nano‐zinc carriers containing USP14 siRNA
Authors: Zhao Xinmin , Wu Xianghua , Wang Huijie , Lai Songtao , Wang Jialei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCisplatin (DDP) is a common therapeutic option for non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, some patients fail to respond to the DDP chemotherapy. Therefore, identifying novel biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC is important. Ubiquitin‐specific protease (USP14) is involved in various pathological conditions including cancer; however, the role of USP14 in NSCLC remains elusive. The SELEX technology was used to identify aptamers that specifically recognize DDP‐resistant lung cancer cells and couple them with nano‐zinc (zinc hydroxide, Zn(OH)2) carriers. USP14 levels were higher in DDP‐resistant lung cancer compared to DDP‐sensitive lung cancer. The survival rate of lung cancer patients with increased USP14 expression was significantly lower than the survival rate of patients with low USP14 expression. Silencing USP14 increased the tumor antagonistic action of DDP in A549 cisplatin‐resistant (A549/DDP) cells, while USP14 overexpression decreased the antagonist effects. Aptamer‐targeted nano‐zinc carriers were loaded with USP14 siRNA to target DDP‐resistant lung cancer cells. Aptamer‐targeted nano‐zinc carriers containing USP14 siRNA increased the antitumor effects of DDP in A549/DDP cells and mice bearing A549/DDP cells. These results indicate that aptamer‐guided nano‐zinc carriers may be a potent carrier for the precise treatment of drug‐resistant tumors.
Safety and Utility of Transnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) for Laser Laryngeal Surgery
Authors: Khan Nergis C. , Vukkadala Neelaysh , Saxena Amit , Damrose Edward J. , Nekhendzy Vladimir , Sung C. Kwang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTransnasal humidified rapid‐insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) is gaining acceptance as a safe method for apneic ventilation and oxygenation during laryngeal procedures, but remains controversial during laser laryngeal surgery (LLS) due to the theoretical risk of airway fire. This study describes our experience with THRIVE during LLS.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingStanford University Hospital, October 15, 2015 to June 1, 2021.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients ≥18 years who underwent LLS involving the CO2 or KTP laser with THRIVE as the primary mode of oxygenation.ResultsA total of 172 cases were identified. 20.9% were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Most common operative indication was subglottic stenosis. The CO2 laser was used in 79.1% of cases. Median lowest intraoperative SpO2 was 96%. 44.7% cases were solely under THRIVE while 16.3% required a single intubation and 19.2% required multiple intubations. Mean apnea time for THRIVE only cases was 32.1 minutes and in cases requiring at least one intubation 24.0 minutes (p < .001). Mean apnea time was significantly lower for patients who were obese (p < .001) or had a diagnosis of hypertension (p = .016). Obese patients and patients with hypertension were 2.03 and 1.43 times more likely to require intraoperative intubation, respectively. There were no intraoperative complications or fires since the institution of our LLS safety protocol.ConclusionBy eliminating the fuel component of the fire triangle, THRIVE can be safely used for continuous delivery of high FiO2 during LLS, provided adherence to institutional THRIVE‐LLS protocols.
Thermal conduction network constructed by boron nitride core–shell structure with loading on silver particles
Authors: Qin Sijie , Weng Ling , Sun Xiaohang , Yu Xin , Guan Lizhu , Wu Zijian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the performance improvement and size reduction of electronic equipment, the internal circuit power consumption increases and heat is generated too much. The accumulation of heat will affect the stability, durability, and service life of electronic equipment. Therefore, efficient heat dissipation is the mainstream thinking direction to solve this problem. This experiment uses the synergetic effect of two particles. With epoxy (EP) resin as the matrix, boron nitride nanoparticles are coated with polydopamine (PDA), and the hydroxyl group on the surface of PDA is modified with coupling agent. The sulfhydryl group on the coupling agent is combined with silver (Ag) nanoparticles, and finally the epoxy resin composite containing boron nitride‐polydopamine‐silver (BPA) core–shell structure is obtained. With 15 wt%. BPA filler, the thermal conductivity of this material is 0.275 W/mK, 1.54 times that of pure epoxy resin 0.179 W/mK. The breakdown strength is 8.931 kV/m, 1.05 times that of pure epoxy resin 8.493 kV/m. The impact strength is 4.06 kJ/m2, 1.37 times that of pure epoxy resin 2.97 kJ/m2. At the same time, the shape of this material has good customization and is expected to be applied in the field of thermal management materials.
Signal detection of COVID‐19 vaccines adverse events using spontaneous reports from South Korea
Authors: Jeong Hye Su , Chun Byung Chul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeStudies on the detection of COVID‐19 vaccine signals in South Korea are insufficient. Therefore, to investigate adverse events (AEs) that might be associated with COVID‐19 vaccines, signals were detected using spontaneous reports from South Korea. We compared the signals with the vaccine insert lists of the regulators in the four countries.MethodsSpontaneous reports from 62 sites were collected by the National Medical Center between January 2013 and May 2022. A descriptive analysis of AEs associated with COVID‐19 vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Janssen) was performed, and the proportional reporting ratio, reporting odds ratio, and information component were calculated. We performed five analyses, with five cases and one control group.ResultsDuring the study period, 68 355 cases were reported, of which 12 485 were COVID‐19 vaccine AEs. Injection site pain (2198 cases, 17.6%), myalgia (1552 cases, 12.4%), headache (1145 cases, 9.2%), pyrexia (1003 cases, 8.0%), and fatigue (735 cases, 5.9%) were frequently reported. When comparing all COVID‐19 vaccines with other viral vaccines, 20 signals were detected, of which cachexia, dyspepsia, abdominal discomfort, and mood swings were not listed on the vaccine inserts in all four countries. Overall, 20, 17, 29, and 9 signals were detected in vaccines developed by Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Janssen, respectively.ConclusionsBased on a disproportionate analysis of COVID‐19 vaccine AEs using spontaneous reports from South Korea, different signals were detected for each vaccine manufacturer.
A comprehensive revisit of the machine‐learning tools developed for the identification of enhancers in the human genome
Authors: Phan Le Thi , Oh Changmin , He Tao , Manavalan Balachandran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnhancers are non‐coding DNA elements that play a crucial role in enhancing the transcription rate of a specific gene in the genome. Experiments for identifying enhancers can be restricted by their conditions and involve complicated, time‐consuming, laborious, and costly steps. To overcome these challenges, computational platforms have been developed to complement experimental methods that enable high‐throughput identification of enhancers. Over the last few years, the development of various enhancer computational tools has resulted in significant progress in predicting putative enhancers. Thus, researchers are now able to use a variety of strategies to enhance and advance enhancer study. In this review, an overview of machine learning (ML)‐based prediction methods for enhancer identification and related databases has been provided. The existing enhancer‐prediction methods have also been reviewed regarding their algorithms, feature selection processes, validation techniques, and software utility. In addition, the advantages and drawbacks of these ML approaches and guidelines for developing bioinformatic tools have been highlighted for a more efficient enhancer prediction. This review will serve as a useful resource for experimentalists in selecting the appropriate ML tool for their study, and for bioinformaticians in developing more accurate and advanced ML‐based predictors.
Study of Decoupled Cosmological Solutions in f(R,T)$f(\mathbb {R},\mathbb {T})$ Theory
Authors: Naseer Tayyab , Sharif M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a non‐static spherical geometry and formulate its extension for the case of anisotropic matter configuration through minimal gravitational decoupling in theory. We apply a particular transformation only on the radial metric function that divides the modified field equations into two distinct sectors corresponding to their parent (original and additional) sources. The unknowns in the first (isotropic) set are reduced by taking the Friedmann‐Lemaitre‐Robertson‐Walker cosmic model. We then obtain the isotropic solution by employing a linear equation of state and power‐law form of the scale factor. The other set involves the decoupling function and components of an extra source, therefore we adopt a density‐like constraint to close it. Finally, we analyze the role of this modified gravity and the decoupling parameter on three different eras of the cosmos by graphically observing the developed extended solution. It is concluded that the resulting solutions fulfill all the physical requirements only for the matter and radiation‐dominated eras.
Lethal and sublethal effects of orally delivered double‐stranded RNA on the cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala
Authors: Cedden Doga , Güney Gözde , Scholten Stefan , Rostás Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala) is one of the most important insect pests of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in northern Europe. The emergence of insecticide‐resistant populations and the ban on neonicotinoid seed treatments have made the management of this pest challenging and research is needed to develop alternative strategies such as RNA interference (RNAi). We investigated lethal and sublethal effects of orally delivered double‐stranded (ds)RNAs targeting P. chrysocephala orthologs of Sec23 and vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase subunit G (VatpG), which are involved in endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi transport and organelle acidification, respectively.RESULTSFeeding bioassays on P. chrysocephala adults showed that the highest concentration (200 ng/leaf disk) of dsSec23 caused mortalities of 76% and 56% in pre‐aestivating and post‐aestivating beetles, respectively, while the same concentration of dsVatpG led to mortality rates of ~34% in both stages. Moreover, sublethal effects, such as decreased feeding rates and attenuated locomotion were observed. Small RNA sequencing and gene expression measurements following the delivery of dsRNAs demonstrated the generation of ~21 nucleotide‐long small interfering RNAs and a systemic RNAi response in P. chrysocephala.CONCLUSIONWe demonstrate that P. chrysocephala is a promising candidate for developing RNAi‐based pest management strategies. Further research is necessary to identify more effective target genes and to assess potential non‐target effects. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Self‐Assembly of Selenium‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Antioxidants for Hepatic Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Management
Authors: Bai Bing , Qi Shaolong , Yang Kai , Yu Xinyang , Jian Ruijun , Zhang Tianfang , Wang Daming , Meng Hongbo , Zhao Yifan , Xia Yu , Xu Huaping , Yu Guocan , Chen Zuobing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a critical complication after liver surgery that negatively affects surgical outcomes of patients with the end‐stage liver‐related disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for the development of ischemia‐reperfusion injury and eventually lead to hepatic dysfunction. Selenium‐doped carbon quantum dots (Se‐CQDs) with an excellent redox‐responsive property can effectively scavenge ROS and protect cells from oxidation. However, the accumulation of Se‐CQDs in the liver is extremely low. To address this concern, the fabrication of Se‐CQDs‐lecithin nanoparticles (Se‐LEC NPs) is developed through self‐assembly mainly driven by the noncovalent interactions. Lecithin acting as the self‐assembly building block also makes a pivotal contribution to the therapeutic performance of Se‐LEC NPs due to its capability to react with ROS. The fabricated Se‐LEC NPs largely accumulate in the liver, effectively scavenge ROS and inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, thus exerting beneficial therapeutic efficacy on HIRI. This work may open a new avenue for the design of self‐assembled Se‐CQDs NPs for the treatment of HIRI and other ROS‐related diseases.
Component‐based specification, design and verification of adaptive systems
Authors: Graics Bence , Molnár Vince , Majzik István 
Published: April 2023

AbstractControl systems are typically tightly embedded into their environment to enable adaptation to environmental effects. As the complexity of such adaptive systems is rapidly increasing, there is a strong need for coherent tool‐centric approaches to aid their systematic development. This paper proposes an end‐to‐end component‐based specification, design and verification approach for adaptive systems based on the integration of a high‐level scenario language (sequence chart variant) and an adaptation definition language (statechart extension) in the open source Gamma tool. The scenario language supports high‐level constructs for specifying contracts and the adaptation definition language supports the flexible activation and deactivation of static contracts and managed elements (state‐based components) based on internal changes (e.g., faults), environmental changes (e.g., varying context) or interactions. The approach supports linking managed elements to static contracts to formally verify their adherence to the specified behavior at design time using integrated model checkers. Implementation can be derived from the adaptation model automatically, which can be tested using automated test generation and verified at runtime by contract‐based monitors.