bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and Indirect Drivers of Energy and Nutrient Availability in Freshwater Ecosystems Across Spatial Scales
Authors: Fazekas Hannah M. , Brun Julien , Wymore Adam S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems reflect the landscapes in which they are embedded. The biogeochemistry of these systems is fundamentally linked to climate and watershed processes that control fluxes of water and the mobilization of energy and nutrients imprinting as variation in stream water chemistry. Disentangling these processes is difficult as they operate at multiple scales varying across space. We examined the relative importance of climate, soil, and watershed characteristics in mediating direct and indirect pathways that influence carbon and nitrogen availability in streams and rivers across spatial scales. Our data set comprised landscape and climatic variables and 37,995 chemistry measurements of carbon and nitrogen across 459 streams and rivers spanning the continental United States. Models explained a small fraction of carbon and nitrogen concentrations at the continental scale (25% and 6%, respectively) but 61% and 40%, respectively, at smaller spatial scales. Hydrometeorological processes were always important in mediating the availability of solutes but the mechanistic implications were variable across spatial scales. The influence of hydrometeorology on concentrations was often not direct, rather it was mediated by soil characteristics for carbon and watershed characteristics for nitrogen. For example, the seasonality of precipitation was often important in determining carbon concentrations through its influence on soil moisture at biogeoclimatic spatial scales, whereas it had a direct influence on concentrations at the continental scale. Our results suggest that hydrometeorological forcing remains the consistent driver of energy and nutrient concentrations but the mechanism influencing patterns varies across broad spatial scales.
The Contribution of Fe(III) Reduction to Soil Carbon Mineralization in Montane Meadows Depends on Soil Chemistry, Not Parent Material or Microbial Community
Authors: Reed Cody C. , Dunham‐Cheatham Sarrah M. , Castle Sarah C. , Vuono David C. , Sullivan Benjamin W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe long‐term stability of soil carbon (C) is strongly influenced by organo‐mineral interactions. Iron (Fe)‐oxides can both inhibit microbial decomposition by providing physicochemical protection for organic molecules and enhance rates of C mineralization by serving as a terminal electron acceptor, depending on redox conditions. Restoration of floodplain hydrology in montane meadows has been proposed as a method of sequestering C for climate change mitigation. However, dissimilatory microbial reduction of Fe(III) could lead to C losses under increased reducing conditions. In this study, we explored variations in Fe‐C interactions over a range of redox conditions and in soils derived from two distinct parent materials to elucidate biochemical and microbial controls on soil C cycling in Sierra Nevada montane meadows. Soils derived from basalt showed greater rates of Fe(III)‐reduction at increasing soil moisture levels than granitic soils. Increases in Fe(III) reduction, however, were only associated with elevated rates of C mineralization in one basalt soil. Known Fe(III)‐reducing taxa were present in all samples but neither the relative abundance nor richness of Fe(III)‐reducers corresponded with measured rates of Fe(III) reduction. Under reducing conditions, Fe(III)‐reduction was only coupled to C mineralization in the soil with the greatest amount of Fe‐oxide bound C. However, Fe‐oxide ‐bound C was below theoretical limits for C sorption onto Fe‐oxides and not detectable in all soils. Overall, our results suggest that “what's there” in terms of soil chemistry may be a more important driver of C mineralization coupled to Fe(III) reduction than “who's there” in the microbial community.
EZH2-Myc driven glioblastoma elicited by cytomegalovirus infection of human astrocytes
Authors: El Baba Ranim , Pasquereau Sébastien , Haidar Ahmad Sandy , Monnien Franck , Abad Marine , Bibeau Frédéric , Herbein Georges 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMounting evidence is identifying human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as a potential oncogenic virus. HCMV has been detected in malignant gliomas. EZH2 and Myc play a potential oncogenic role, correlating with the glioma grade. Herewith, we present the first experimental evidence for HCMV as a reprogramming vector, straight through the dedifferentiation of mature human astrocytes, and generation of CMV-Elicited Glioblastoma Cells (CEGBCs) possessing glioblastoma-like traits. HCMV counterparts the progression of the perceived cellular and molecular mechanisms succeeding the transformation and invasion processes with CEGBCs involved in spheroid formation and invasiveness. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) biopsies were characterized by an elevated EZH2 and Myc expression, possessing a strong positive correlation between the aforementioned markers in the presence of HCMV. From GBM tissues, we isolated HCMV clinical strains that transformed HAs toward CEGBCs exhibiting upregulated EZH2 and Myc. Spheroids generated from CEGBCs possessed invasion potential and were sensitive to EZH2 inhibitor, ganciclovir, and temozolomide triple therapy. HCMV clinical strains transform HAs and fit with an HCMV-induced glioblastoma model of oncogenesis, and supports the tumorigenic properties of Myc and EZH2 which might be highly pertinent in the pathophysiology of astrocytic brain tumors and thereby paving the way for new therapeutic strategies.
Ferricyanide photo-aquation pathway revealed by combined femtosecond Kβ main line and valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy
Authors: Reinhard Marco , Gallo Alessandro , Guo Meiyuan , Garcia-Esparza Angel T. , Biasin Elisa , Qureshi Muhammad , Britz Alexander , Ledbetter Kathryn , Kunnus Kristjan , Weninger Clemens , van Driel Tim , Robinson Joseph , Glownia James M. , Gaffney Kelly J. , Kroll Thomas , Weng Tsu-Chien , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Sokaras Dimosthenis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReliably identifying short-lived chemical reaction intermediates is crucial to elucidate reaction mechanisms but becomes particularly challenging when multiple transient species occur simultaneously. Here, we report a femtosecond x-ray emission spectroscopy and scattering study of the aqueous ferricyanide photochemistry, utilizing the combined Fe Kβ main and valence-to-core emission lines. Following UV-excitation, we observe a ligand-to-metal charge transfer excited state that decays within 0.5 ps. On this timescale, we also detect a hitherto unobserved short-lived species that we assign to a ferric penta-coordinate intermediate of the photo-aquation reaction. We provide evidence that bond photolysis occurs from reactive metal-centered excited states that are populated through relaxation of the charge transfer excited state. Beyond illuminating the elusive ferricyanide photochemistry, these results show how current limitations of Kβ main line analysis in assigning ultrafast reaction intermediates can be circumvented by simultaneously using the valence-to-core spectral range.
The importance of a charge transfer descriptor for screening potential CO2 reduction electrocatalysts
Authors: Ringe Stefan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt has been over twenty years since the linear scaling of reaction intermediate adsorption energies started to coin the fields of heterogeneous and electrocatalysis as a blessing and a curse at the same time. It has established the possibility to construct activity volcano plots as a function of a single or two readily accessible adsorption energies as descriptors, but also limited the maximal catalytic conversion rate. In this work, it is found that these established adsorption energy-based descriptor spaces are not applicable to electrochemistry, because they are lacking an important additional dimension, the potential of zero charge. This extra dimension arises from the interaction of the electric double layer with reaction intermediates which does not scale with adsorption energies. At the example of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 it is shown that the addition of this descriptor breaks the scaling relations, opening up a huge chemical space that is readily accessible via potential of zero charge-based material design. The potential of zero charge also explains product selectivity trends of electrochemical CO2 reduction in close agreement with reported experimental data highlighting its importance for electrocatalyst design.
Acoel single-cell atlas reveals expression dynamics and heterogeneity of adult pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hulett Ryan E. , Kimura Julian O. , Bolaños D. Marcela , Luo Yi-Jyun , Rivera-López Carlos , Ricci Lorenzo , Srivastava Mansi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdult pluripotent stem cell (aPSC) populations underlie whole-body regeneration in many distantly-related animal lineages, but how the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms compare across species is unknown. Here, we apply single-cell RNA sequencing to profile transcriptional cell states of the acoel wormHofstenia miamiaduring postembryonic development and regeneration. We identify cell types shared across stages and their associated gene expression dynamics during regeneration. Functional studies confirm that the aPSCs, also known as neoblasts, are the source of differentiated cells and reveal transcription factors needed for differentiation. Subclustering of neoblasts recovers transcriptionally distinct subpopulations, the majority of which are likely specialized to differentiated lineages. One neoblast subset, showing enriched expression of the histone variantH3.3, appears to lack specialization. Altogether, the cell states identified in this study facilitate comparisons to other species and enable future studies of stem cell fate potentials.
KK-LC-1 as a therapeutic target to eliminate ALDH+ stem cells in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Bu Jiawen , Zhang Yixiao , Wu Sijin , Li Haonan , Sun Lisha , Liu Yang , Zhu Xudong , Qiao Xinbo , Ma Qingtian , Liu Chao , Niu Nan , Xue Jinqi , Chen Guanglei , Yang Yongliang , Liu Caigang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFailure to achieve complete elimination of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) stem cells after adjuvant therapy is associated with poor outcomes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is a marker of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and its enzymatic activity regulates tumor stemness. Identifying upstream targets to control ALDH+ cells may facilitate TNBC tumor suppression. Here, we show that KK-LC-1 determines the stemness of TNBC ALDH+ cells via binding with FAT1 and subsequently promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. This compromises the Hippo pathway and leads to nuclear translocation of YAP1 and ALDH1A1 transcription. These findings identify the KK-LC-1-FAT1-Hippo-ALDH1A1 pathway in TNBC ALDH+ cells as a therapeutic target. To reverse the malignancy due to KK-LC-1 expression, we employ a computational approach and discover Z839878730 (Z8) as an small-molecule inhibitor which may disrupt KK-LC-1 and FAT1 binding. We demonstrate that Z8 suppresses TNBC tumor growth via a mechanism that reactivates the Hippo pathway and decreases TNBC ALDH+ cell stemness and viability.
Coordinated regulation of vegetative phase change by brassinosteroids and the age pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhou Bingying , Luo Qing , Shen Yanghui , Wei Liang , Song Xia , Liao Hangqian , Ni Lan , Shen Tao , Du Xinglin , Han Junyou , Jiang Mingyi , Feng Shengjun , Wu Gang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVegetative phase change in plants is regulated by a gradual decline in the level of miR156 and a corresponding increase in the expression of its targets, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes. Gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), and cytokinin (CK) regulate vegetative phase change by affecting genes in the miR156-SPL pathway. However, whether other phytohormones play a role in vegetative phase change remains unknown. Here, we show that a loss-of-function mutation in the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic gene, DWARF5 (DWF5), delays vegetative phase change, and the defective phenotype is primarily attributable to reduced levels of SPL9 and miR172, and a corresponding increase in TARGET OF EAT1 (TOE1). We further show that GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE3 (GSK3)-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPL9 and TOE1 to cause subsequent proteolytic degradation. Therefore, BRs function to stabilize SPL9 and TOE1 simultaneously to regulate vegetative phase change in plants.
Quantum corrections to the magnetoconductivity of surface states in three-dimensional topological insulators
Authors: Shi Gang , Gao Fan , Li Zhilin , Zhang Rencong , Gornyi Igor , Gutman Dmitri , Li Yongqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe interplay between quantum interference, electron-electron interaction (EEI), and disorder is one of the central themes of condensed matter physics. Such interplay can cause high-order magnetoconductance (MC) corrections in semiconductors with weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC). However, it remains unexplored how the magnetotransport properties are modified by the high-order quantum corrections in the electron systems of symplectic symmetry class, which include topological insulators (TIs), Weyl semimetals, graphene with negligible intervalley scattering, and semiconductors with strong SOC. Here, we extend the theory of quantum conductance corrections to two-dimensional (2D) electron systems with the symplectic symmetry, and study experimentally such physics with dual-gated TI devices in which the transport is dominated by highly tunable surface states. We find that the MC can be enhanced significantly by the second-order interference and the EEI effects, in contrast to the suppression of MC for the systems with orthogonal symmetry. Our work reveals that detailed MC analysis can provide deep insights into the complex electronic processes in TIs, such as the screening and dephasing effects of localized charge puddles, as well as the related particle-hole asymmetry.
Hybrids of RNA viruses and viroid-like elements replicate in fungi
Authors: Forgia Marco , Navarro Beatriz , Daghino Stefania , Cervera Amelia , Gisel Andreas , Perotto Silvia , Aghayeva Dilzara N. , Akinyuwa Mary F. , Gobbi Emanuela , Zheludev Ivan N. , Edgar Robert C. , Chikhi Rayan , Turina Massimo , Babaian Artem , Di Serio Francesco , de la Peña Marcos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarth’s life may have originated as self-replicating RNA, and it has been argued that RNA viruses and viroid-like elements are remnants of such pre-cellular RNA world. RNA viruses are defined by linear RNA genomes encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whereas viroid-like elements consist of small, single-stranded, circular RNA genomes that, in some cases, encode paired self-cleaving ribozymes. Here we show that the number of candidate viroid-like elements occurring in geographically and ecologically diverse niches is much higher than previously thought. We report that, amongst these circular genomes, fungal ambiviruses are viroid-like elements that undergo rolling circle replication and encode their own viral RdRp. Thus, ambiviruses are distinct infectious RNAs showing hybrid features of viroid-like RNAs and viruses. We also detected similar circular RNAs, containing active ribozymes and encoding RdRps, related to mitochondrial-like fungal viruses, highlighting fungi as an evolutionary hub for RNA viruses and viroid-like elements. Our findings point to a deep co-evolutionary history between RNA viruses and subviral elements and offer new perspectives in the origin and evolution of primordial infectious agents, and RNA life.
People are curious about immoral and morally ambiguous others
Authors: Wylie Jordan , Gantman Ana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLooking to the popularity of superheroes, true crime stories, and anti-heroic characters like Tony Soprano, we investigated whether moral extremity, especially moral badness, piques curiosity. Across five experiments (N = 2429), we examine moral curiosity, testing under what conditions the moral minds of others spark explanation-seeking behavior. In Experiment 1, we find that among the most widely watched Netflix shows in the US over a five-month period, the more immoral the protagonist, the more hours people spent watching. In Experiments 2a and 2b, we find that when given a choice to learn more about morally good, bad, ambiguous, or average others, people preferred to learn more about morally extreme people, both good and bad. Experiment 3 reveals that people are more curious for explanations about (vs. descriptions of) morally bad and ambiguous people compared to morally good ones. Finally, Experiment 4 tests the uniqueness of curiosity for moral ambiguity. We find that people are more drawn to moral rather than aesthetic ambiguity, suggesting that ambiguity, which is cognitively taxing and sometimes avoided, preferentially engenders information seeking in the moral domain. These findings suggest deviations from moral normativity, especially badness, spur curiosity. People are curious about immorality and agents who differ from the norm.
An evolutionary game study of cockroach control strategies in residential households
Authors: Li Qiuhong , Liu Meide , Liu Ting , Tong Ying , Zhang Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCockroach control in Beijing's residential households is supported by the local government previously but now it is paid by the residents themselves. Under the new residential household cockroach control strategy, the evolutionary game theory is applied in this study to construct an evolutionary game model for the choice behaviour of both PCO (Pest Control Operation) enterprises and the local governments under government regulation. The evolutionary stabilization strategies under different situations were suggested and the key factors for the evolutionary game behaviour were analyzed through Matlab simulation. It was found that the benefits and costs of the local governments' promotion for the cockroach eradication activities, the incremental benefits of PCO enterprises through government publicity and the subsidies for the activities, and the additional costs of PCO enterprises to participate in cockroach eradication activities are the key factors. The incremental benefits from the publicity of the activities and the government subsidies can be used to incent the PCO enterprises’ activities, which may be failure without the government promotion. This study confirms the decisive role of the strategic choices of PCO enterprises and the government for effective cockroach eradication activities. Therefore, before the campaign is launched, it is necessary to take into account the economic benefits of PCO enterprises and the public interests of the governments so that the game system can evolve out of the "ineffective" and undesirable "locked" state and evolve towards the ideal state, while would be a basis for other anti- pest efforts.
Genetic dissection of behavioral traits related to successful training of drug detection dogs
Authors: Matsumoto Yuki , Konno Akitsugu , Ishihara Genki , Inoue-Murayama Miho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrug detection dogs play integral roles in society. However, the interplay between their behaviors and genetic characteristics underlying their performance remains uninvestigated. Herein, more than 120,000 genetic variants were evaluated in 326 German Shepherd or Labrador Retriever dogs to profile the genetic traits associated with various behavioral traits related to the successful training of drug detection dogs. Behavioral breed differences were observed in ‘friendliness to humans’ and ‘tolerance to dogs.’ A genome-wide association study within both breeds identified 11 regions potentially associated with drug detection dog characteristics as well as ‘interest in the target’ and ‘friendliness to humans,’ which are related to drug detection abilities. Among them, 63 protein-coding genes, includingAtat1andPfn2known to be associated with anxiety-related or exploration behavior in mice, respectively, were located surrounding the identified candidate polymorphisms. This study highlights genetic characteristics associated with behavioral traits that are important for the successful training of drug detection dogs. Thus, these findings may facilitate improved breeding and training of these dogs.
The temporal dynamics of emotion comparison depends on low-level attentional factors
Authors: Dissegna Andrea , Baldassi Giulio , Murgia Mauro , Costa Francesco Darek , Fantoni Carlo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHumans are predisposed to attend to emotions conveyed by facial expressions. However, compulsory attraction to emotions gets challenging when multiple emotional stimuli compete for attention, as in the emotion comparison task. In this task, participants are asked to choose which of two simultaneously presented faces displays the most positive (happiest) or negative (angriest) emotion. Participants usually respond faster to the face displaying the most intense emotion. This effect is stronger for face pairs that contain globally positive rather than negative emotional faces. Both effects are consistent with an attentional capture phenomenon driven by the perceptual salience of facial expressions. In the present experiment, we studied the temporal dynamics of attentional capture in the emotion comparison task by tracking participants’ eye movements using gaze-contingent displays and responses. Our results show that, on the first fixation, participants were more accurate and dwelled longer on the left target face when it displayed the most intense emotion within the pair. On the second fixation, the pattern was reversed, with higher accuracy and longer gaze time on the right target face. Overall, our pattern of gazing behavior indicates that the typical results observed in the emotion comparison task arise from the optimal combination over time of two low-level attentional factors: the perceptual salience of emotional stimuli and the scanning habit of participants.
Virus infection of phytoplankton increases average molar mass and reduces hygroscopicity of aerosolized organic matter
Authors: Diaz Ben P. , Gallo Francesca , Moore Richard H. , Bidle Kay D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractViral infection of phytoplankton is a pervasive mechanism of cell death and bloom termination, which leads to the production of dissolved and colloidal organic matter that can be aerosolized into the atmosphere. Earth-observing satellites can track the growth and death of phytoplankton blooms on weekly time scales but the impact of viral infection on the cloud forming potential of associated aerosols is largely unknown. Here, we determine the influence of viral-derived organic matter, purified viruses, and marine hydrogels on the cloud condensation nuclei activity of their aerosolized solutions, compared to organic exudates from healthy phytoplankton. Dissolved organic material derived from exponentially growing and infected cells of well-characterized eukaryotic phytoplankton host-virus systems, including viruses from diatoms, coccolithophores and chlorophytes, was concentrated, desalted, and nebulized to form aerosol particles composed of primarily of organic matter. Aerosols from infected phytoplankton cultures resulted in an increase in critical activation diameter and average molar mass in three out of five combinations evaluated, along with a decrease in organic kappa (hygroscopicity) compared to healthy cultures and seawater controls. The infected samples also displayed evidence of increased surface tension depression at realistic cloud water vapor supersaturations. Amending the samples with xanthan gum to simulate marine hydrogels increased variability in organic kappa and surface tension in aerosols with high organic to salt ratios. Our findings suggest that the pulses of increased dissolved organic matter associated with viral infection in surface waters may increase the molar mass of dissolved organic compounds relative to surface waters occupied by healthy phytoplankton or low phytoplankton biomass.