bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the differences between low‐salt solid‐state fermented soy sauce and high‐salt diluted‐state fermented soy sauce in China: from taste‐active compounds and aroma‐active compounds to sensory characteristics
Authors: Liu Hua , Chen Xingguang , Lu Jian , Wu Dianhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to determine the components related to sensory properties in soy sauce and to characterize the differences between low‐salt solid‐state fermented soy sauce (LSFSS) and high‐salt diluted‐state fermented soy sauce (HDFSS). The taste and aroma active components of 18 commercially available soy sauces (eight types of LSFSS and 10 types of HDFSS) were characterized. The relationship between these compounds, soy sauce samples, and sensory properties was modeled by partial least squares regression.RESULTSThe analysis showed that the 11 taste‐active components, including glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, threonine, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, reducing sugar and salt, contributed greatly to the taste of soy sauce. In addition, umami, saltiness and sweetness are the characteristic tastes of HDFSS, whereas sourness and bitterness were the characteristic tastes of LSFSS. At the same time, seven aroma‐active compounds, namely 4‐ethyl‐2‐methoxyphenol, ethanol, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, ethyl acetate, 2‐phenethyl alcohol, 3‐methyl thiopropanol and 2‐ethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylfuran‐3‐one, played a decisive role in the flavor of soy sauce. In addition, HDFSS presented the aroma attributes of smoky, alcoholic, floral, fruity and caramel‐like, whereas LSFSS mainly presented sour and malty aroma attributes.CONCLUSIONThe present study reveals new insight into the relationship between the chemical composition and sensory characteristics of soy sauce, which is of great significance for developing an objective measurement system and providing a theoretical basis to improve the sensory quality of soy sauce. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Silenced LASP1 interacts with DNMT1 to promote TJP2 expression and attenuate articular cartilage injury in mice by suppressing TJP2 methylation
Authors: Ren Lian , Cheng Shi‐Gao , Kang Peng‐Cheng , Li Teng‐Fei , Li Xun , Xiao Jiong‐Zhe , Jiang Dong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo investigate the regulatory mechanisms and effects of LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) on osteoarthritis (OA). IL‐1β was used to induce OA in cell models. Viability and apoptosis of chondrocytes were assessed. The expressions of tumor necrsis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and IL‐6 were measured by ELISA kit, and Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot were performed to test the expression of related proteins. The STRING database was used to predict the relationship between LASP1 and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). The tight junction protein 2 (TJP2) and Gene Expression Omnibus data were analyzed for differential OA genes. Methylation‐specific PCR detected methylation of the TJP2 promoter region, and chromatin immunoprecipitation detected the enrichment of DNMT1 in the TJP2 promoter region. Safranin O‐Fast Green staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to determine the OARSI score and evaluate the pathological conditions of the joint tissues. LASP1 was highly expressed in IL‐1β‐induced cell models. Silencing of LASP1 promoted chondrocyte proliferation and expression of Collagen II and Aggrecan and inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis, inflammatory factors, and matrix metalloprotein expression. TJP2 is weakly expressed in OA models, and LASP1 promotes methylation of the TJP2 promoter region by interacting with DNMT1. Silencing of LASP1 attenuated IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte degeneration by promoting TJP2 expression. Similarly, silencing LASP1 promotes TJP2 expression to alleviate articular cartilage injury in mice with OA. Silencing of LASP1 inhibited the methylation of the TJP2 promoter region by interacting with DNMT1, thereby alleviating articular cartilage damage in OA mice.
Electron‐Beam‐Assisted Laser‐Induced Strain Microfabrication
Authors: Qu Yusong , Chen Shengyao , He Juxing , Liu Zhenzhou , Ma Lijun , Wang Shu , Zhu Mingquan , Li Bo , Tan Xiang , Li Honglang , Cai Hongbing , Wang Cong , Liu Qian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConverting the unordered wrinkles generated on a bilayer film into controllable strain microstructures is a focal point of research. However, many existing methods are hindered by their inability to achieve microscale stress fields that align with the designed structure, consequently limiting the manufacturing of desirable microstructures. In recent years, laser‐induced strain micro/nanostructure fabrication has emerged as a promising technique due to its advantages, including simple processing, cost‐effectiveness, high efficiency, and large‐area fabrication. Nevertheless, this technique is limited to fabricating specific periodic structures, thereby constraining its manufacturing capacities. Here, a novel laser‐induced strain strategy assisted by electron beam irradiation is proposed, which successfully eliminates secondary structures and unordered wrinkles, realizing the fabrication of arbitrary micro/nanostructures with consistency between design and fabrication. Furthermore, the generation mechanisms of these strain structures are elucidated by a combination of simulations and experiments. The method transcends the limitations stemming from intrinsic wavelength of wrinkles, enabling the fabrication of isolated strain structures. The diverse structures achieved through the approach demonstrate the designability, controllability, and universality of the novel laser‐induced strain strategy, establishing it as a reliable method for surface micro/nanostructure fabrication.
Associations of Apolipoprotein ε4 Genotypes with Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Kapan Ali , Haider Sandra , Wakolbinger Maria , Spatt Josef 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has been associated with cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD), but little is known about its relationship with motor and other nonmotor symptoms and whether APOE ε4 retains an influence on cognition when other factors are considered.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of APOE ε4 on motor/nonmotor symptoms and its relationship with other factors affecting cognition in individuals with PD.MethodsWe analyzed data from 7616 individuals, comparing motor/nonmotor symptoms in different APOE genotypes using binary logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression examined factors associated with cognitive impairments, including APOE ε4, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score, Non‐motor Symptom Questionnaire (NMS) score, Movement Disorder Society–Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) Part II score, and physical activity level.ResultsAPOE ε4 heterozygosity was modestly associated with lower cognitive scores (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–0.99), whereas no significant association was found for any other nonmotor and motor symptoms. However, in multivariate analysis, cognitive impairment was associated with higher GDS (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.23–1.34), NMS (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19–1.25), and MDS‐UPDRS Part II (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06–1.09) scores, whereas physical activity was negatively associated (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98–0.99). APOE ε4 was no longer significant after adjusting for these factors.ConclusionsThere is a link between cognition and APOE ε4 in patients with PD; however, when considering multiple factors, APOE ε4 plays a subordinate role. Other factors, such as depression, physical activity, and other nonmotor symptoms, demonstrate a stronger influence on cognitive impairment.
MRI scarcity in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Jalloul Mohammad , Miranda‐Schaeubinger Monica , Noor Abass M. , Stein Joel M. , Amiruddin Raisa , Derbew Hermon Miliard , Mango Victoria L. , Akinola Adeyanju , Hart Kelly , Weygand Joseph , Pollack Erica , Mohammed Sharon , Scheel John R. , Shell Jessica , Dako Farouk , Mhatre Pradnya , Kulinski Lauren , Otero Hansel J. , Mollura Daniel J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince the introduction of MRI as a sustainable diagnostic modality, global accessibility to its services has revealed a wide discrepancy between populations—leaving most of the population in LMICs without access to this important imaging modality. Several factors lead to the scarcity of MRI in LMICs; for example, inadequate infrastructure and the absence of a dedicated workforce are key factors in the scarcity observed. RAD‐AID has contributed to the advancement of radiology globally by collaborating with our partners to make radiology more accessible for medically underserved communities. However, progress is slow and further investment is needed to ensure improved global access to MRI.
A posteriori error analysis for a space‐time parallel discretization of parabolic partial differential equations
Authors: Chaudhry Jehanzeb H. , Estep Donald , Tavener Simon J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe construct a space‐time parallel method for solving parabolic partial differential equations by coupling the parareal algorithm in time with overlapping domain decomposition in space. The goal is to obtain a discretization consisting of “local” problems that can be solved on parallel computers efficiently. However, this introduces significant sources of error that must be evaluated. Reformulating the original parareal algorithm as a variational method and implementing a finite element discretization in space enables an adjoint‐based a posteriori error analysis to be performed. Through an appropriate choice of adjoint problems and residuals the error analysis distinguishes between errors arising due to the temporal and spatial discretizations, as well as between the errors arising due to incomplete parareal iterations and incomplete iterations of the domain decomposition solver. We first develop an error analysis for the parareal method applied to parabolic partial differential equations, and then refine this analysis to the case where the associated spatial problems are solved using overlapping domain decomposition. These constitute our time parallel algorithm and space‐time parallel algorithm respectively. Numerical experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the estimator for both algorithms and the iterations between distinct components of the error.
Using population pharmacokinetics to optimize initial vancomycin dosing guidelines for neonates to treat sepsis caused by coagulase‐negative staphylococcus
Authors: Chung Erin , Seto Winnie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionVancomycin dosing tailored for newborns is challenging due to the significant influence of maturation and organ function on pharmacokinetics. Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models can be used to improve target attainment in neonates.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to derive and evaluate a popPK model of intravenous vancomycin for neonates. Second, the predictive performance of this popPK model was compared with published popPK models.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit receiving intravenous vancomycin. A popPK model was derived with 70% of the dataset using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling method. The predictive performance of the current popPK model was validated and compared with 22 published popPK models using the remaining 30% of the dataset. Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were performed to derive optimal dosing regimens to treat neonatal sepsis caused by coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS).ResultsAmong 655 vancomycin courses from 448 neonates, 78% of vancomycin trough concentrations were outside target range (10–15 mg/L) for central nervous system infections and 43% were outside target range (5–12 mg/L) for other infections using the institution's vancomycin dosing. A one‐compartment model best described the observed data with a mean clearance of 0.11 ± 0.03 L/kg/h and volume of distribution (V) of 1.02 ± 0.08 L/kg. Body weight (WT), postmenstrual age (PMA), and serum creatinine (SCr) were significant covariates associated with clearance (p < 0.001) and body WT was a significant covariate associated with V (p = 0.009). Our study's popPK model has similar or better accuracy and precision than other published models. MCS‐derived vancomycin doses from the validated model achieved >90% target attainment for a steady state through target range of 10–15 mg/L in the majority of PMA and SCr categories (78%) to treat CoNS sepsis.ConclusionA vancomycin dosing guideline derived from a validated popPK model in neonates with CoNS sepsis is recommended to improve target attainment.
Efficacy of risdiplam in spinal muscular atrophy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pascual‐Morena Carlos , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente , Cavero‐Redondo Iván , Martínez‐García Irene , Moreno‐Herráiz Nerea , Álvarez‐Bueno Celia , Saz‐Lara Alicia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of risdiplam on motor and respiratory function in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). We systematically searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 2023. We included pre‐post studies that determined the effect of risdiplam on the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP‐INTEND), the 32‐item Motor Function Measure (MFM32), the Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale – Expanded (HFMSE), respiratory function, and the proportion of risdiplam‐related adverse events in a population with SMA (phenotypes 1 and 2/3). Meta‐analyses were also performed where possible. Eleven studies were included. After 12 months of treatment, 57% of participants with SMA1 achieved a CHOP‐INTEND score ≥ 40 points, and more than half were able to feed orally and had head control. In SMA2/3, MFM32, RULM, and HFMSE increased by 2.09 (1.17, 3.01), 1.73 (1.25, 2.20), and 1.00 (0.40, 1.59) points, respectively. Efficacy on respiratory function in SMA2/3 was inconsistent. Finally, 16% of participants experienced adverse events, but serious adverse events could not be quantified due to a lack of cases. The limited available evidence suggests that risdiplam is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of SMA. In addition, long‐term clinical benefit may be partly determined by the stage of disease at which treatment is initiated.
The influence of teachers' intrinsic motivation on students' intrinsic motivation: The mediating role of teachers' motivating style and teacher‐student relationships
Authors: Zou Honghui , Yao Jihai , Zhang Yuexin , Huang Xinyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTeachers' intrinsic motivation for teaching and students' intrinsic motivation for learning are important contributors to effective teaching and learning, and exploring their relationships and influencing mechanisms can clarify the path to promote teachers' professional development and students' overall growth. In our study, 44 secondary school teachers and 2461 secondary school students completed questionnaires, and a multilevel structural equation model was used to explore the influence of teachers' intrinsic motivation for teaching on students' intrinsic motivation for learning and the mediating role of teachers' motivating style and teacher‐student relationships. The results showed that (1) teachers' intrinsic motivation for teaching was significantly positively correlated with students' intrinsic motivation for learning, and the former had a significant direct effect on the latter; (2) teachers' autonomy‐supporting motivating style, positive teacher‐student relationships, and negative teacher‐student relationships played mediating roles between teachers' intrinsic motivation for teaching and students' intrinsic motivation for learning; and (3) teachers' motivating style and teacher‐student relationships played a chained mediating role between teachers' intrinsic motivation for teaching and students' intrinsic motivation for learning.
Aging, crops and pesticide input: empirical evidence from rural China
Authors: Du Sanxia , Luo Xiaofeng , Tang Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough scholars have elaborated on the effects of aging, there is no consensus on the relationship between the aging and farmers' pesticide input. Regional differences in agricultural crops in China, namely ‘Southern Rice and Northern Wheat’, have not been considered in any of the existing studies.RESULTSBased on the data of 443 wheat farmers and 324 rice farmers in China, this study found that aging significantly increased pesticide input. After sorting out the types of pesticides, it was found that the aging significantly increased the input of biological pesticides, but did not affect the input of chemical pesticides. After considering the planting pattern of ‘Southern Rice and Northern Wheat’, aging did not have a significant impact on the pesticide input of wheat farmers, but had a significant positive impact on the pesticide input of rice farmers. For wheat farmers in the north, social services have a significant inhibitory effect on the relationship between aging and pesticide input. For rice farmers, path dependence has a significant role in promoting the relationship between aging and pesticide input.CONCLUSIONThe planting pattern of ‘Southern Rice and Northern Wheat’ will indeed affect the relationship between aging and pesticide input, and social services and path dependence are the main reasons for this heterogeneity effect. Therefore, improving agricultural socialization services and reducing farmers' dependence on traditional production experience will be an important way to effectively reduce the impact of aging. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Building an adaptive dose simulation framework to aid dose and schedule selection
Authors: Hooijmaijers Richard , Parasrampuria Ridhi , Marostica Eleonora , Ferron‐Brady Geraldine , Post Teun M. , Visser Sandra A. G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEstablishing a dosing regimen that maximizes clinical benefit and minimizes adverse effects for novel therapeutics is a key objective for drug developers. Finding an optimal dose and schedule can be particularly challenging for compounds with a narrow therapeutic window such as in oncology. Modeling and simulation tools can be valuable to conduct in silico evaluations of various dosing scenarios with the goal to identify those that could minimize toxicities, avoid unscheduled dose interruptions, or minimize premature discontinuations, which all could limit the potential for therapeutic benefit. In this tutorial, we present a stepwise development of an adaptive dose simulation framework that can be used for dose optimization simulations. The tutorial first describes the general workflow, followed by a technical description with basic to advanced practical examples of its implementation in mrgsolve and is concluded with examples on how to use this in decision‐making around dose and schedule optimization. The adaptive simulation framework is built with pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic (i.e., biomarkers, activity markers, target engagement markers, efficacy markers), and safety models that include evaluations of unexplained interindividual and intraindividual variability and covariate impact, which can be replaced and expanded (e.g., combination setting, comparator setting) with user‐defined models. Subsequent adaptive simulations allow investigation of the impact of starting dose, dosing intervals, and event‐driven (exposure or effect) dose modifications on any end point. The resulting simulation‐derived insights can be used in quantitatively proposing dose and regimens that better balance benefit and adverse effects for further evaluation, aiding dose selection discussions, and designing dose modification recommendations, among others.
Computational study of van der Waals interaction at the sub‐nanometer scale and its influence on the molecular behavior under confinement conditions in graphene‐2D h‐BN heterostructure
Authors: Iyakutti Kombiah , Surya V. J. , Lakshmi Iyakutti , Rajeswarapalanichamy R. , Kawazoe Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe atomistic features of the van der Waals interaction between graphene and 2D h‐BN layer are investigated with and without doping using density functional theory. It is computationally shown, how different types of 2D materials can form heterojunctions with each other without the need for close lattice matching if the atomic species are neighbors in the periodic table. H2, N2, and O2 are introduced as the dopants separately to investigate the van der Waals interaction at the sub‐nanometer scale and its influence on the molecules and interlayer coupling. The geometrical forms and formation energies of differently bonded molecules and atoms immersed in van der Waals forces in the heterostructure are predicted accurately. The spatial dependence of the van der Waals energy between graphene and h‐BN and its effect on the confined molecule/atoms is well brought out in the present investigation. The weak van der Waals forces between graphene and h‐BN do introduce minor changes at the nanoscale but maintain the original band structure which is dominated by graphene. The present graphene and 2D h‐BN van der Waals heterostructure, with enhanced features, offers a unique opportunity to fabricate new materials with different properties. They will become the building blocks in engineering new functional materials.
Transition metal embedded in two‐dimensional bi‐BN as high activity single atom electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Chen Feng , Zhang Xinhui , Jia Baonan , Hao Jinbo , Zhang Chunling , Wu Ge , Yuan Yazhao , Ma Yirong , Li Yuanzi , Lu Pengfei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSearching for stable, highly effective and cost‐efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important to addressing the energy crisis and environmental issues. A single atom embedded in two‐dimensional boron nitride materials is a viable candidate for the ORR to replace Pt‐based catalysts. Herein, by making use of density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we systematically study a novel two‐dimensional boron nitride materials (bi‐BN) embedded by 23 kinds of transition metal (TM) atoms ranging from Ti to Au as high activity single atom electrocatalyst for the ORR. According to the initial screening criteria (−4.92 eV < ΔGO* < 0 eV), 13 kinds of TM‐bi‐BN (TM = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) meet the criteria and are selected to study their ORR performance in this work. Our calculations indicate that Au‐bi‐BN has the most superior ORR performance with the lowest overpotential (0.43 V), which was lower than that of Pt (0.45 V) as ORR catalyst. The origin of the catalytic activity of the ORR is studied by the linear correlation between these oxygen‐containing intermediates, the volcanic curve, the d‐band center and the crystal orbital Hamilton populations. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics simulation suggests that Au‐bi‐BN is thermodynamically stable at 300 K. Our results not only offer valuable insights into the utility of boron‐nitride materials as catalysts for ORR, but also facilitate the development of novel catalysts for ORR through improved comprehension of the material properties.