bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Vaccine Effectiveness of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 Against Severe Outcomes Over Time Among Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron
Authors: Wei Yuchen , Jia Katherine Min , Zhao Shi , Hung Chi Tim , Mok Chris Ka Pun , Poon Paul Kwok Ming , Man Leung Eman Yee , Wang Maggie Haitian , Yam Carrie Ho Kwan , Chow Tsz Yu , Guo Zihao , Yeoh Eng Kiong , Chong Ka Chun 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceFew studies have evaluated the waning of vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. Hong Kong is providing inactivated and mRNA vaccines, but the population had limited protection from natural infections before the Omicron variant emerged.ObjectiveTo examine the change in vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization and mortality due to the Omicron variant over time.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study included adults with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection who died or were hospitalized in Hong Kong from January 1 to June 5, 2022 (ie, case participants), and adults with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, sampled from the public health registry during the study period (ie, control participants), who were matched to case participants by propensity score.ExposuresVaccination status of the individuals.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEstimated vaccine effectiveness against death, death or hospitalization, and death among hospitalized patients. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 1 − adjusted odds ratio obtained by conditional logistic regression adjusted with covariates for each period following vaccination.ResultsThere were 32 823 case participants (25 546 [77.8%] ≥65 years; 16 930 [47.4%] female) and 131 328 control participants (100 041 [76.2%] ≥65 years; 66 625 [46.6%] female) in the sample analyzed for the death or hospitalization outcome. Vaccine effectiveness against death or hospitalization was maintained for at least 6 months after the second dose of both CoronaVac (74.0%; 95% CI, 71.8%-75.8%) and BNT162b2 (77.4%; 95% CI, 75.5%-79.0%) vaccines. Vaccine effectiveness against death in those aged 18 to 49 years	was 86.4% (95% CI, 85.8%-87.0%) and 92.9% (95% CI, 92.6%-93.2%) for those receiving 2 doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2, respectively, while for patients aged 80 years or older, it dropped to 61.4% (95% CI, 59.8%-63.2%) and 52.7% (95% CI, 50.2%-55.6%) for CoronaVac and BNT162b2, respectively. Nevertheless, overall vaccine effectiveness against death at 4 to 6 months after the third dose was greater than 90% for CoronaVac, BNT162b2, and the mixed vaccine schedule (eg, mixed vaccines: vaccine effectiveness, 92.2%; 95% CI, 89.2%-95.1%).Conclusions and RelevanceWhile vaccines were generally estimated to be effective against severe outcomes caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, this analysis found that protection in older patients was more likely to wane 6 months after the second dose. Hence, a booster dose is recommended for older patients to restore immunity. This is especially critical in a setting like Hong Kong, where third-dose coverage is still insufficient among older residents.
Breast and Lung Cancer Screening Among Medicare Enrollees During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Doan Christopher , Li Shuang , Goodwin James S. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceSeveral studies reported sharp decreases in screening mammography for breast cancer and low-dose computed tomographic screening for lung cancer in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a return to normal or near-normal levels in the summer of 2020.ObjectiveTo determine the observed vs expected mammography and low-dose computed tomographic scan rates from the beginning of the pandemic through April 2022.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this retrospective cohort study assessing mammography and low-dose computed tomography rates from January 2017 through April 2022, data for January 2016 to February 2020 were used to generate expected rates for the period March 2020 to April 2022. The study included a 20% national sample of Medicare fee-for-service enrollees among women aged 50 to 74 years for mammography, and men and women aged 55 to 79 years for low-dose computed tomographic scan.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReceipt of screening mammography or low-dose computed tomographic scan.ResultsThe yearly cohorts for the mammography rates included more than 1 600 000 women aged 50 to 74 years, and the cohorts for the low-dose computed tomographic scan rates included more than 3 700 000 men and women aged 55 to 79 years. From January 2017 through February 2020, monthly mammography rates were flat, whereas there was a monotonic increase in low-dose computed tomographic scan rates, from approximately 500 per million per month in early 2017 to 1100 per million per month by January 2020. Over the period from March 2020 to April 2022, there were episodic drops in both mammography and low-dose computed tomographic scan rates, coincident with increases in national COVID-19 infection rates. For the periods from March 2020 to February 2020 and March 2021 to February 2022, the observed low-dose computed tomographic scan rates were 24% (95% CI, 23%-24%) and 14% (95% CI, 13%-15%) below expected rates, whereas mammography rates were 17% (95% CI, 17%-18%) and 4% (95% CI, 4%-3%) below expected.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the decreases in cancer screening during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic did not resolve after the initial pandemic surges. Successful interventions to improve screening rates should address pandemic-specific reasons for low screening participation.
CO2 Adsorption in a Robust Iron(III) Pyrazolate‐Based MOF: Molecular‐Level Details and Frameworks Dynamics From Powder X‐ray Diffraction Adsorption Isotherms
Authors: Vismara Rebecca , Terruzzi Stephanie , Maspero Angelo , Grell Toni , Bossola Filippo , Sironi Angelo , Galli Simona , Navarro Jorge A. R. , Colombo Valentina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding adsorption processes at the molecular level, with multi‐technique approaches, is nowadays at the frontier of porous materials research. In this work it is shown that with a proper data treatment, in situ high‐resolution powder X‐ray diffraction (HR‐PXRD) at variable temperature and gas pressure can reveal atomic details of the accommodation sites, the framework dynamics as well as thermodynamic information (isosteric heat of adsorption) of the CO2 adsorption process in the robust iron(III) pyrazolate‐based MOF Fe2(BDP)3 [H2BDP = 1,4‐bis(1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)benzene]. Highly reliable “HR‐PXRD adsorption isotherms” can be constructed from occupancy values of CO2 molecules. The “HR‐PXRD adsorption isotherms” accurately match the results of conventional static and dynamic gas sorption experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. These results are indicative of the impact of the molecular‐level behavior on the bulk properties of the system under study and of the potential of the presented multi‐technique approach to understand adsorption processes in metal–organic frameworks.
Smart Mitochondria‐Specific Anchored Gold‐based Nanosystem for Integration of Tumor Imaging and Treatment
Authors: Yin Xuelian , Zhan Lin , Ding Lin , Chen Xuerui , Zhang Junfeng , Li Chenchen , Zhang Yuxi , Khan Murad , Reis Rui L. , Wang Yanli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough recent advances have been made in improving the efficacy of photodynamic therapy, efficient therapeutic approaches based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) are needed, particularly mitochondria‐specific targeting of nanomaterials that can alter the internal environment of organelles. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of mitochondria‐specific anchored nano‐complexes (AG‐CNP) comprised of a skeleton of gold and carbon atoms for cancer therapy. Compared to the effects of gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), AG‐CNP shows enhanced fluorescence imaging effects, which can be used for tumor monitoring. AG‐CNP targets the mitochondria and increases ROS damage in cancer cells. After treatment with AG‐CNP, the tumor inhibition rate reaches 70.94%, which is 25.98% and 36.91% higher than that of free doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (Gem), respectively. Studying the mechanism of AG‐CNP inhibiting cancer shows that AG‐CNP can promote tumor cells to produce excessive ROS by overexpressing P53 and increasing the number of apoptotic cancer cells, which is caused by overexpression of Caspase1 that was closely related to cell apoptosis. AG‐CNP is a promising anticancer drug that targets the mitochondria in vivo to trigger excessive ROS production in tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth.
AlGaN/GaN‐Based Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Kai Cuihong , Wang Yue , Liu Xiaoping , Liu Xiao , Zhang Xuqing , Pi Xiaodong , Yang Deren 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic computing promises to overcome the Von Neumann bottleneck of traditional computers. Optoelectronic synaptic devices are greatly desired given their potential applications in neuromorphic computing. In this work, optoelectronic synaptic devices with long‐term memory are fabricated. The devices are based on a GaN/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction and a SiNx charge trapping layer. Synaptic functionalities including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired pulse facilitation, and transition from short‐term memory to long‐term memory are realized. The retention time of long‐term memory may be more than 10 years, demonstrating the reliable charge storage of the devices. Logic functions are also realized by synergizing the photogating and electrical gating of the devices. The responsivity and specific detectivity are 2.64 × 105 A W−1 and 1.79 × 1016 Jones at the optical power density of 1.4 mW cm−2, respectively. In addition, the devices have a reconfigurable switch of 1000 cycles with working temperature up to 200 °C.
Enhanced Luminescent Performance via Passivation of Surface Undercoordinated Pb Atoms in a CsPbBr3 Microplate
Authors: Zhu Yizhi , Shi Linlin , Guo Heng , Chen Jinping , Lu Junfeng , Wang Weian , Xu Zhangsheng , Gao Naiwei , Han Xun , Peng Zhengchun , Cui Qiannan , Xu Chunxiang , Pan Caofeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPerovskite materials are widely used in the fields of luminescence and light energy conversion with the advantages of low cost and outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, abundant surface lattice defects heavily affect the performances of perovskite optoelectronic devices. Here, by treating surface defects with oleylamine molecules in situ, the surface trap states are significantly decreased in a CsPbBr3 microplate, enabling photoluminescence intensity and carrier lifetimes to be dramatically enhanced and prolonged, respectively. These interesting phenomena can be attributed to the binding of undercoordinated Pb atoms with N atoms on the surface of perovskite microplate. The strong binding energy of lead‐halogen bonds inhibits the photodegraded reactions of the crystal, leading to the significant improvement of luminescent stability for the microplate correspondingly. The results not only provide experimental guidance for passivating lattice defects but also pave the way for improving the efficiency of wide materials and optoelectronic devices.
Multilevel Fully Integrated Electromechanical Property Modulation of Functionally Graded Graphene‐Reinforced Piezoelectric Actuators: Coupled Effect of Poling Orientation
Authors: Singh Kamalpreet , Shingare Kishor Balasaheb , Mukhopadhyay Tanmoy , Naskar Susmita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores the coupled static and dynamic electromechanical responses of single and multilayered functionally graded (FG) graphene platelet (GPL)‐reinforced piezoelectric composite (GRPC) plates by developing a 3D finite‐element model. The bending and eigenfrequency of piezoelectric FG composite plates are investigated, wherein an active behavior is proposed to be exploited in terms of the functional design of poling angle for a more elementary level property modulation. The numerical results reveal that the mechanical behavior concerning deflection and resonance frequency of FG‐GRPC plates can be significantly enhanced and modulated due to the influence of piezoelectricity and a small fraction of GPLs along with the consideration of poling angle in a multiscale fully integrated computational framework. The notions of on‐demand property modulation, actuation, and active control are established here by undertaking a comprehensive numerical analysis considering the coupled influences of poling orientations, different distributions, patterns, and weight fractions of GPLs along with different electromechanical loadings. Against the backdrop of the recent advances in microscale manufacturing, the current computational work will provide necessary physical insights in modeling piezoelectric multifunctional FG composites for active control of mechanical properties and harvesting electromechanical energy in a range of devices and systems.
Carbon Dots Based Photoinduced Reactions: Advances and Perspective
Authors: Yu Yue , Zeng Qingsen , Tao Songyuan , Xia Chunlei , Liu Chongming , Liu Pengyuan , Yang Bai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeeking clean energy as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels is the inevitable choice to realize the sustainable development of the society. Photocatalytic technique is considered a promising energy conversion approach to store the abundant solar energy into other wieldy energy carriers like chemical energy. Carbon dots, as a class of fascinating carbon nanomaterials, have already become the hotspots in numerous photoelectric researching fields and particularly drawn keen interests as metal‐free photocatalysts owing to strong UV–vis optical absorption, tunable energy‐level configuration, superior charge transfer ability, excellent physicochemical stability, facile fabrication, low toxicity, and high solubility. In this review, the classification, microstructures, general synthetic methods, optical and photoelectrical properties of carbon dots are systematically summarized. In addition, recent advances of carbon dots based photoinduced reactions including photodegradation, photocatalytic hydrogen generation, CO2 conversion, N2 fixation, and photochemical synthesis are highlighted in detail, deep insights into the roles of carbon dots in various systems combining with the photocatalytic mechanisms are provided. Finally, several critical issues remaining in photocatalysis field are also proposed.
In Situ Detection of Iron in Oxidation States ≥ IV in Cobalt‐Iron Oxyhydroxide Reconstructed during Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Reith Lukas , Hausmann Jan Niklas , Mebs Stefan , Mondal Indranil , Dau Holger , Driess Matthias , Menezes Prashanth W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCobalt‐iron oxyhydroxides (CoFeOOHx) are among the most active catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, their redox behavior and the electronic and chemical structure of their active sites are still ambiguous. To shed more light on this, the complete and rapid reconstruction of four helical cobalt‐iron borophosphates with different Co:Fe ratios into disordered cobalt‐iron oxyhydroxides can be achieved, which are electrolyte‐penetrable and thus most transition metal sites can potentially participate in the OER. To track the redox behavior and to identify the active structure, quasi in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy is applied. Iron in high oxidation states ≥ IV (Fe4+) and its substantial redox behavior with an average oxidation state of around 2.8 to above 3.2 is detected. Furthermore, a 6% contraction of the Fe‐O bond length compared to Fe3+OOH references is observed during OER and a strong distortion of the [MO6] octahedra is identified. It is hypothesized that this bond contraction is caused by the presence of oxyl radicals and that di‐µ‐oxyl radical bridged cobalt‐iron centers are the active sites. It is anticipated that the detailed electronic and structural description can substantially contribute to the debate on the nature of the active site in bimetallic iron‐containing OER catalysts.
Pliocene seeds of Passiflora subgenus Decaloba (Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee) and the impact of the fossil record on understanding the diversification and biogeography of Passiflora
Authors: Hermsen Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPremisePassiflora is a diverse genus of ~570 extant species primarily distributed in the Americas, from the eastern United States to Argentina and Chile. Nevertheless, the known fossil record of Passiflora is small. To date, only two fossil seed species have been unequivocally assigned to the genus. In this contribution, rare sulcate seeds from Gray Fossil Site are described as a third fossil seed species of Passiflora.MethodsThree partial seeds with sulcate sculpture from Gray Fossil Site, early Pliocene, Tennessee, USA, were examined, photographed, and measured. They were compared to samples of sulcate seeds from six extant Passiflora species in supersection Decaloba. A broader survey of sulcate seeds produced by modern species in the subgenera Decaloba, Deidamioides, and Tryphostemmatoides was done using published illustrations and descriptions.ResultsThe Gray Fossil Site seeds are described as Passiflora sulcatasperma, sp. nov., and assigned to subgenus Decaloba, supersection Decaloba. They are characterized by their small size, elliptical shape, ridged‐and‐sulcate sculpture, rugulose ridges, and thin palisade seed coat.ConclusionsThe two largest subgenera of Passiflora can be identified from Neogene fossils. Subgenus Decaloba is represented by two fossil seed species, P. bulgarica (Miocene, Bulgaria) and P. sulcatasperma (Pliocene, USA). Subgenus Passiflora is represented by fossil pollen (Miocene, Argentina and Brazil) and P. appalachiana seeds (Pliocene, USA). The distributions of fossil and modern species suggest that Passiflora may have used both North Atlantic and Antarctic routes to expand into Europe and the Asian‐Oceanian Paleotropics, respectively.
Preferential Adsorption of Ethylene Oxide on Fe and Chlorine on Ni Enabled Scalable Electrosynthesis of Ethylene Chlorohydrin
Authors: Han Shuyan , Cheng Chuanqi , He Meng , Li Rui , Gao Ying , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin , Liu Cuibo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndustrial manufacturing of ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) critically requires excess corrosive hydrochloric acid or hypochlorous acid with dealing with massive by‐products and wastes. Here we report a green and efficient electrosynthesis of ECH from ethylene oxide (EO) with NaCl over a NiFe2O4nanosheet anode. Theoretical results suggest that EO and Cl preferentially adsorb on Fe and Ni sites, respectively, collaboratively promoting the ECH synthesis. A Cl radical‐mediated ring‐opening process is proposed and confirmed, and the key Cl and carbon radical species are identified by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. This strategy can enable scalable electrosynthesis of 185.1 mmol of ECH in 1 h with 92.5 % yield at a 55 mA cm−2current density. Furthermore, a series of other chloro‐ and bromoethanols with good to high yields and paired synthesis of ECH and 4‐amino‐3,6‐dichloropyridine‐2‐carboxylicacid via respectively loading and unloading Cl are achieved, showing the promising potential of this strategy.
Visible Helicity Induction and Memory in Polyallene toward Circularly Polarized Luminescence, Helicity Discrimination, and Enantiomer Separation
Authors: Xu Lei , Wu Yong‐Jie , Gao Run‐Tan , Li Shi‐Yi , Liu Na , Wu Zong‐Quan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInspired by biological helices (e.g., DNA), artificial helical polymers have attracted intense attention. However, precise synthesis of one‐handed helices from achiral materials remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a series of achiral poly(biphenyl allene)s with controlled molar mass and low dispersity were prepared and induced into one‐handed helices using chiral amines and alcohols. The induced one‐handed helix was simultaneously memorized, even after the chiral inducer was removed. The switchable induction processes were visible to naked eye; the achiral polymers exhibited blue emission (irradiated at 365 nm), whereas the induced one‐handed helices exhibited cyan emission with clear circularly polarized luminescence. The induced helices formed stable gels in various solvents with helicity discrimination ability: the same‐handed helix gels were self‐healing, whereas the gels of opposite‐handed helicity were self‐sorted. Moreover, the induced helices could separate enantiomers via enantioselective crystallization with high efficiency and switchable enantioselectivity.
Chemoenzymatic Cascades Combining Biocatalysis and Transition Metal Catalysis for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: González‐Granda Sergio , Escot Lorena , Lavandera Iván , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe combination of catalytic methods provides multiple advantages in organic synthesis, allowing access to diverse organic molecules in a straightforward manner. Merging metal and enzyme catalysis is currently receiving great attention due to the possibility to assemble metal catalysis in C−C coupling, olefin metathesis, hydration and other reactions with the exquisite stereospecificity displayed by enzymes. Thus, this minireview is organized based on the action of the metal species (Pd, Ru, Au, Ir, Fe…) in combination with different enzymes. Special attention will be paid to the design of sequential processes and concurrent cascades, presenting solutions such as the use of surfactants or compartmentalization strategies for those cases where incompatibilities could hamper the overall process.
Mechanism‐Guided Design of Chain‐Growth Click Polymerization Based on a Thiol‐Michael Reaction
Authors: Jiang Suqiu , Huang Hanchu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of chain‐growth click polymerization is challenging yet desirable in modern polymer chemistry. In this work, we reported a novel chain‐growth click polymerization based on the thiol‐Michael reaction. This polymerization could be performed efficiently under ambient conditions and spatiotemporally regulated by ultraviolet light, allowing the synthesis of sulfur‐containing polymers in excellent yields and high molecular weights. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the thiolate addition to the Michael acceptor is the rate‐determining step, and introducing the phenyl group could facilitate the chain‐growth process. This polymerization is a new type of chain‐growth click polymerization, which will provide a unique approach to creating functional polymers.
Modulating the Differentiation of Kinetically Controlled Supramolecular Polymerizations through the Alkyl Bridge Length
Authors: Naranjo Cristina , Adalid Sergio , Gómez Rafael , Sánchez Luis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and self‐assembling features of N‐annulated perylenebisimides (N‐PBIs) 2–4 are reported and compared with the complex self‐assembly of N‐PBI 1. The studies presented herein demonstrate that increasing the length of the alkyl spacer separating the central aromatic core of the dye and the peripheral side chains cancels the differentiation on the corresponding supramolecular polymerization. Thus, only 2 is able to form two different supramolecular polymorphs. The formation of kinetically trapped monomeric species is observed for all the N‐PBIs 2–4. These metastable species, constituted by intramolecularly H‐bonded pseudocycles of 7, 8, 9, or 10 members for compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, provoke kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerizations that can be accelerated by the addition of seeds. The results presented herein shed light on the intricate process of differentiation in self‐assembly.