bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of the Glucose transporter GLUT 1 in the cerebral microvasculature contributes to postoperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice
Authors: Chen Ying , Joo Jin , Chu John Man-Tak. , Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung , Wong Gordon Tin Chun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is essential for glucose transport into the brain and is predominantly expressed in the cerebral microvasculature. Downregulation of GLUT1 precedes the development of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative conditions. Surgical trauma induces blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, neuronal mitochondria dysfunction and acute cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that surgery reduces the expression of GLUT1 in the BBB that in turn disrupts its integrity and contributes to metabolic dysregulation in the brain that culminates in postoperative cognitive impairment.
Methodology:
Using an abdominal surgery model in aged WT mice we assessed the perioperative changes in cognitive performance, tight junction proteins expression, GLUT1 expression and the associated metabolic effects in the hippocampus. Thereafter, we evaluated the effects these parameters in aged mice with conditional overexpression of GLUT1, and then again in aged mice with conditional overexpression of GLUT1 with or without prior exposure to the GLUT1 inhibitor ST-31.
Results:
We showed a significant decline in cognitive performance, along with GLUT1 reduction and diminished glucose metabolism, especially in the ATP level in the post operative mice compared with controls. Overexpression of GLUT1 expression alleviated postoperative cognitive decline and improved metabolic profiles, especially in adenosine, but did not directly restore ATP generation to control levels. GLUT1 inhibition ameliorated the postoperative beneficial effects of GLUT1 overexpression.
Conclusions:
Surgery induced GLUT1 reduction significantly contributes to postoperative cognitive deficits in aged mice by affecting glucose metabolism in the brain. It indicates the potential of targeting GLUT1 to ameliorate perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
De novo synthesis of nervonic acid and optimization of metabolic regulation by Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Wei LiuJing , Zhao Xin-Ru , Chen Xin-Liang , Yang Jing-Lin , Gao Qi , Shi Jiang-Ting , Hua Qiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nervonic acid, a natural fatty acid compound and also a core component of nerve fibers and nerve cells, has been widely used to prevent and treat related diseases of the brain nervous system. At present, fatty acids and their derivatives are mainly obtained by natural extraction or chemical synthesis which are limited by natural resources and production costs. In this study, the de novo synthetic pathway of nervonic acid was constructed in Yarrowia lipolytica by means of synthetic biology, and the yield of nervonic acid was further improved by metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization. Specially, heterologous elongases and desaturases derived from different organism were successfully expressed and evaluated for their potential for the production of nervonic acid in Y. lipolytica. Meanwhile, we overexpressed the genes involving in the lipid metabolism to increase the nervonic acid titer to 111.6 mg/L. In addition, the potential of adding oil as auxiliary carbon sources for nervonic acid production by the engineered Y. lipolytica were analyzed. The results indicated that supplementation with colleseed oil as an auxiliary carbon source can be beneficial for the nervonic acid productivity, which led to a highest concentration of 185.0 mg/L in this work. To summary, this study describes that the Y. lipolytica can potentially be used for a promising platform to produce nervonic acid and other very long chain fatty acid.
Improved mechanical performance of quasi-cubic lattice metamaterials with asymmetric joints
Authors: Solyaev Yury O. , Ustenko Anastasia D. , Babaytsev Arseniy V. , Dobryanskiy Vasiliy N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a simple method for the modification of the unit cells in the lattice metamaterials that provides an improvement of their impact strength. The idea is based on the introduction of small mutual offsets of the interconnected struts inside the unit cells. In such way, the joints between the struts become asymmetric and the overall geometry of the unit cells can be defined as the quasi-cubic with the axis of chirality. Considering four types of cubic lattices with BCC, BCT, FCC and octahedron structures, we modified their geometry and investigated the influence of the offsets and the unit cell size on the overall performance in static and dynamic tests. From the experiments we found that the small offsets (less than the strut diameter) can allow to increase the impact strength of 3d-printed polymeric specimens in 1.5-3 times remaining almost the same density and static mechanical properties. Based on the numerical simulations, we show that the explanation of the observed phenomena can be related to the increase of plastic deformations and damage accumulation in the unit-cells with asymmetric joints leading to the transition from the quasi-brittle to the ductile type of fracture in tested specimens.
Hypersonic Aerodynamic Force Balance Using Temperature Compensated Semiconductor Strain Gauges
Authors: Qiu Huacheng , Yang Yanguang , Sun Peng , Chao Genming , Wu Yousheng , Chen Yingdong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Metal foil strain gauges remain the state-of-the-art transducers for wind tunnel balance. While strain gauge technology is very mature, piezoresistive semiconductor sensors offer alternatives that are worth exploring to assess the unique benefits, such as better strain resolution and accuracy, which would enable balances to be designed with higher factors to safety and hence longer fatigue lifetimes without sacrificing force resolution and accuracy. A new three-component balance, based on temperature compensated semiconductor strain gauges, has been designed, calibrated and tested in a hypersonic low density wind tunnel. The static accuracy of the semiconductor balance is calibrated better than 0.3%, and the dynamic accuracy of the balance is established using a HB-2 standard model in Mach 12 hypersonic flow. Good experimental repeatability was confirmed to be better than 2.5%, and the effectiveness of the balance is demonstrated by comparing the forces and moments of measured data with computational fluid dynamics simulations, as well as reference wind tunnel results under similar condition.
Long-term Outcomes of Patients with Prostate Cancer and Bladder Cancer: a SEER-based Analysis
Authors: Chen Shuaiqi , Sun Guangyu , Wu Shangrong , Chen Kaifei , Liu Ranlu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosed in the same year who underwent cystectomy, we performed this research.
Materials and Methods: A total of 124 male patients with PCa and BCa diagnosed in the same year were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) (2010–2015). To evaluate the impact of different clinical and pathological features on overall survival (OS) in these patients, univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify significant factors in OS.
Results: A total of 18(14.5%) patients diagnosed BCa after PCa, 27(21.8%) patients diagnosed PCa and BCa at the same time and 79(63.7%) patients diagnosed PCa after BCa. Median follow-up among survivors was 78 months, during which time 65 patients died, of whom 29 died of BCa and 12 died of PCa. 92(74.2%) patients underwent radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) and 32(25.8%) patients underwent prostate-sparing cystectomy (PSC). Five-year PCa-specific survival, BCa-specific survival, and overall survival were 88%, 73.7%, and 54.4%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age≥75, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), and cancers distant metastasis were independent risk factors for poor OS (all p<0.05). Married patients had better OS than unmarried patients(p=0.015).
Conclusions: For patients diagnosed with PCa and BCa in the same year, most patients had clinically insignificant PCa. There was no significant difference in OS between patients who underwent RCP and those who underwent PSC. BCa was more likely to be considered a risk factor for the prognosis of all patients than PCa.
Effect of modified nanographene oxide (mGO)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrid filler on the cure, mechanical and swelling properties of silicone rubber composites
Authors: V Aravinth , V Navaneethakrishnan , S Vishvanathperumal , G Gurumoorthi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, modified nanographene oxide (mGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced phenyl silicone rubber (PSR) composites were created and studied. On the mechanical characteristics of the PSR hybrid composites, the synergistic impact of mGO and CNTs was investigated. The PSR hybrid composites were assessed for their tensile strength, elongation at break, 100% modulus, tear strength, hardness, rebound resilience, abrasion resistance, compression set, swelling resistance, and microstructure. The micro-structural, mechanical, and other properties of the nanocomposites are greatly influenced by the concentration of CNTs and mGO. According to the study, the nanocomposites with 6 phr of mGO and 3 phr of CNTs exhibit the highest mechanical property as well as properties that make them resistant to swelling and abrasion.
Sugemalimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (GEMSTONE-304): a randomized, double-blinded, phase 3 study
Authors: Li Jin , Chen Zhendong , Bai Yuxian , Liu Bo , Li Qingshan , Zhang Jingdong , Zhou Jun , Deng Ting , Zhou Fuyou , Gao Shegan , Yang Shujun , Ye Feng , Chen Long , Bai Wei , Yin Xianli , Cang Shundong , Liu Lianke , Pan Yueyin , Luo Hui , Ji Yanxia , Zhang Zhen , Wang Jufeng , Yang Quanliang , Li Na , Huang Rong , Qu Chenglin , Ni Jing , Wang Bo , Xu Yan , Hu Jin , Shi Qingmei , Yang Jianxin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The clinical evidence of applying programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in the first-line setting to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains scarce. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded phase 3 trial, a total of 540 adults (aged 18-75 years) with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic ESCC who had not received systemic treatment were enrolled. All patients were randomized at 2:1 to receive sugemalimab (an anti-PD-L1 antibody; 1200 mg) or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 24 months, plus chemotherapy (cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 plus 5-fluorouracil 800 mg/m2/day on days 1-4) every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles. At the prespecified interim analysis, this study has met its dual primary endpoints. With a median follow-up of 15.2 months, the prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) was statistically significant with sugemalimab-chemotherapy compared with placebo-chemotherapy (median 6.2 v 5.4 months, hazard ratio [HR] 0.67 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54 to 0.82], P=0.0002) as assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR). Overall survival (OS) was also superior with sugemalimab-chemotherapy (median 15.3 v 11.5 months, HR 0.70 [95% CI 0.55 to 0.90], P=0.0076. A significantly higher objective response rate (60.1% v 45.2%) assessed by BICR was observed with sugemalimab-chemotherapy. The incidence of Grade 3 or above treatment-related adverse events (51.3% v 48.4%) was comparable between the two groups. Sugemalimab plus chemotherapy significantly prolonged PFS and OS in treatment-naïve patients with advanced ESCC, with no unexpected safety signal. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04187352).
Frequency regulation in a microgrid integrating redox flow battery by utilizing an optimal predictive control approach
Authors: Khokhar Bhuvnesh , Parmar K. P. Singh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When considering the frequency stability issues brought on by load shifts in a microgrid (µG) due to a significant integration of fluctuating renewable energy source (RES)-based generators and an inherent low inertia, energy storage units (ESUs) are unavoidable. The ESUs can immediately charge or discharge to make up for any shifts in load in the µG since they react more quickly. This research investigates how a redox flow battery unit (RFBU) impacts the dynamic responses of a standalone µG (SµG) in this respect. As the secondary controller, an optimal intelligent model predictive control (iMPC) approach is presented. The cyclical parthenogenesis algorithm (CPA) is implemented to improve the tuning parameter (τw) in the iMPC cost function to demonstrate an optimal performance of the recommended control approach. The effectiveness of the iMPC approach is contrasted with that of other well-known control approaches. The simulation findings clearly demonstrate the impact of RFBU integration in the SµG and the capability of the recommended iMPC approach in terms of improved dynamic responses and their transient characteristics. As a consequence , the peak value of the SµG dynamic response improves by 70.53%, and the settling time improves by 82.26%. The suggested control approach’s sensitivity to the SµG parametric uncertainties is also justified. The closed-loop stability of the suggested approach is also established. The effectiveness of the proposed iMPC approach and the impact of the RFBU integration are then confirmed by statistical analysis.
Artificial Intelligence versus Software Engineers: An Evidence-Based Assessment Focusing on Non-Functional Requirements
Authors: Nascimento Nathalia , Alencar Paulo , Cowan Donald 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The automation of Software Engineering (SE) tasks using Artificial Intelligence (AI) is growing, with AI increasingly leveraged for project management, modeling, testing, and development. Notably, ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot, has been introduced as a versatile tool for code writing and test plan generation. Despite the excitement around AI's potential to elevate productivity and even replace human roles in software development, solid empirical evidence remains scarce. Normally, a software engineer's solution is evaluated against a variety of non-functional requirements such as performance, efficiency, reusability, and usability, among others. This study presents an empirical exploration of the performance of software engineers versus AI on specific development tasks, using an array of quality parameters. Our aim is to enhance the interplay between humans and machines, increase the trustworthiness of AI methodologies, and identify the best performers for each task. In doing so, it also contributes to refining cooperative or human-in-the-loop workflows in the context of software engineering. The study investigates two distinct scenarios: the analysis of ChatGPT-produced code against developer-created code on Leetcode, and the comparison of automated machine learning (Auto-ML) and manual methods in the creation of a control structure for an Internet of Things (IoT) application. Our findings reveal that while software engineers excel in some scenarios, AI performs better in others. This groundbreaking empirical study helps forge a new pathway for collaborative human-machine intelligence where AI's capabilities can augment human skills in software engineering.
How health professionals maintain and update their professional knowledge in a self-directed learning context
Authors: Freeman Jodie , Raabe Andreas , Schmitz Felix , Guttormsen Sissel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background. Given the changes in the current learning environment health professionals are facing major challenges to keep abreast of current and updated information with the rapidly growing clinical and scientific knowledge base. Being able to identify relevant, high-quality articles, adapt or adopt to new learning strategies with an already intense workload are just a few of the main challenges. Self-directed learning is skill central to competent health professionals and describes a process in which individuals evaluate their learning needs, goals and the resources needed for learning, however the emerging problems for professionals practicing SDL are manifold.
Design. A qualitative, exploratory approach based on four research questions was used to gain an understanding of how skilled health professionals maintain and update their professional knowledge. Twenty-six neurosurgeons completed a semi structed interview within the University Hospital of Bern.
Results. One of the main findings is the differences between health professionals in what strategies they employ to conduct SDL, which is ultimately compounded by their level of experience. All participants recognised that new or alternative learning strategies are necessary to manage this new learning landscape, and for many in particular the use of learning digital tools. However, many were unsure how to change their current behaviour.
Conclusion. The results highlight that positive factors influencing SDL in the workplace include learning leadership and support in identifying new or alternative strategies, an internal culture committed to learning as well as digital learning tools and networks and are all vital in managing the ever-changing learning environment.
The Effect of the Closure of the Double Irish Arrangement on the Location of U.S. Multinational Companies’ Profits
Authors: Samarakoon Navodhya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In 2015, the Irish government announced the closure of the Double Irish; one of the largest tax loopholes used by U.S. multinational companies, giving existing users until 2020 to comply. Using U.S. administrative corporate tax data, I provide novel estimates on profit shifted back to the United States after closure of the Double Irish. I estimate that firms that used the Double Irish redirected $59 billion in royalty payments to the United States in 2020, the first year of full closure. To disentangle the effect of loophole closure from other major international tax reforms, I propensity score match to a comparable control group. Using this comparable control group, a difference-in-differences analysis suggests the average Double Irish user reports $609 million more in royalty payments after full closure. I use a log specification to demonstrate royalty payments shifted, although large, are driven by outliers. Multinational companies in my treated group funneled an estimated $1.2 to $1.4 trillion in profits to low-tax jurisdictions via the Double Irish from 1998 to 2018. The royalty payments redirected to the United States comprise 31 to 38 percent of profit within the Double Irish arrangement in 2018, meaning many Double Irish users continue to hold large amounts of profit abroad. Lastly, my estimates on the size of the arrangement suggest the current literature may underestimate the U.S. tax base shifted abroad.
JEL Classifications: F23, H25, H26, H32
Synchronous double primary tumors of liver (small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma)：A case report
Authors: Bu Yuqing , Wen Junye , Wang Fayan , Dong Shibo , He Liya , Li Yang , Liang Jinlong , Zhang Hongzhen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This study presents a case of dual primary liver cancer involving small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient, a 58-year-old Chinese male with a medical history of viral hepatitis B, presented with right upper abdominal pain for one month. Imaging studies revealed multiple liver masses in segments SⅤ and SⅦ-Ⅷ, as well as a left lung mass. Hepatic biopsy was performed on both segments, and subsequent pathological analysis confirmed the presence of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in segments SⅤ and SⅦ-Ⅷ, respectively. Following one cycle of chemotherapy, the lung mass exhibited a reduction in size, whereas the liver masses demonstrated an inadequate response to chemotherapy. Subsequently, the patient underwent Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy (HIAC), resulting in partial remission (PR). However, the patient was diagnosed with brain metastasis and subsequently treated with Sorafenib and a Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, specifically Tirelizumab. The efficacy evaluation indicated stability, and no severe adverse effects were observed at the time of writing. The patient's survival time was 11 months.
Permafrost Analysis for the Alpine Monitoring Station at Zugspitze (Bavaria, Germany): Measurements, Modeling and Climate Impacts
Authors: Wagner Bernhard , Gallemann Thomas , Foltyn Maria , Joneck Michael , Mahr Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Permafrost degradation due to global warming, particularly in mountainous regions, can be responsible for an increase in mass movements such as rockfalls, slides and subsidence. Therefore, preventive measures, based on a simulation of permafrost degradation, should be planned in advance. Consequently, modeling of permafrost in the high Alpine region of Bavaria is the main objective of this study. At first, this paper evaluates a permafrost temperature (T) database for the Permafrost Monitoring Station (PMS), located between 2,922 and 2,907 m a.s.l. at the ridge of the highest mountain of the Bavarian Alps (Zugspitze, 2,962 m a.s.l.). The compiled T data along the oblique (20°) 44.5 m long borehole reveals a warming trend over the period from 2010 to 2020, resulting in a noticeable permafrost degradation. After that, a transient permafrost model was developed and calibrated using collected T records. Then, the model was applied to PMS meteorological data from 1900 to 2015. The permafrost simulations showed a considerable decrease in permafrost along the borehole by the length of about 9.5 m, mainly at the southern side. Lastly, calculation of potential permafrost changes, up to 2100, was performed for two different climate scenarios (RCP8.5 and RCP2.6) with 13 different climate realizations (model runs), obtained from the statistical regional climate model WETTREG2013. The RCP8.5 scenario (9 realizations) is based on the assumption of a linear increase of CO2 emissions with time. The RCP2.6 scenario (4 realizations) assumes no further increase in CO2 emissions. In conclusion, the modeling results for the RCP8.5 scenario imply a permafrost disappearance at the Zugspitze by the end of the 21st century. Yet, in the case of the RCP2.6 scenario, today’s permafrost will remain essentially unchanged.