bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging gas‐exchange lung function and brain tissue uptake of hyperpolarized 129Xe using sampling density‐weighted MRSI
Authors: Collier Guilhem J. , Schulte Rolf F. , Rao Madhwesha , Norquay Graham , Ball James , Wild Jim M. 
Published: February 2023

PurposeImaging of the different resonances of hyperpolarized 129Xe in the brain and lungs was performed using a 3D sampling density‐weighted MRSI technique in healthy volunteers.MethodsFour volunteers underwent dissolved‐phase hyperpolarized 129Xe imaging in the lung with the MRSI technique, which was designed to improve the point‐spread function while preserving SNR (1799 phase‐encoding steps, 14‐s breath hold, 2.1‐cm isotropic resolution). A frequency‐tailored RF excitation pulse was implemented to reliably excite both the 129Xe gas and dissolved phase (tissue/blood signal) with 0.1° and 10° flip angles, respectively. Images of xenon gas in the lung airspaces and xenon dissolved in lung tissue/blood were used to generate quantitative signal ratio maps. The method was also optimized and used for imaging dissolved resonances of 129Xe in the brain in 2 additional volunteers.ResultsHigh‐quality regional spectra of hyperpolarized 129Xe were achieved in both the lung and the brain. Ratio maps of the different xenon resonances were obtained in the lung with sufficient SNR (> 10) at both 1.5 T and 3 T, making a triple Lorentzian fit possible and enabling the measurement of relaxation times and xenon frequency shifts on a voxel‐wise basis. The imaging technique was successfully adapted for brain imaging, resulting in the first demonstration of 3D xenon brain images with a 2‐cm isotropic resolution.ConclusionDensity‐weighted MRSI is an SNR and encoding‐efficient way to image 129Xe resonances in the lung and the brain, providing a valuable tool to quantify regional spectroscopic information.
A mixed‐methods assessment of human‐elephant conflict in the Western Okavango Panhandle, Botswana
Authors: Buchholtz Erin K. , McDaniels Megan , McCulloch Graham , Songhurst Anna , Stronza Amanda 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Human‐wildlife conflict, where interactions have negative impacts on both people and animals, is complex with underlying drivers and broad ecological and social impacts. From individual incidents and perceptions, to contemporary patterns and long‐term trends, a range of information about human‐wildlife conflict can help understand and manage challenges. However, many studies focus on a single data type or spatiotemporal scale.

In the Western Okavango Panhandle in Botswana, people in rural farming communities share and compete for resources with a growing African savanna elephant population. Few previous studies have focused on human‐wildlife interactions in this region. We assessed spatiotemporal trends in human‐elephant conflict using reported conflict incidents (2008–2016), surveys of individual perceptions of conflict encompassing the late 1990s–2016, and detailed field raid assessments from 2016. We found complementary patterns among the data types at different geographic and spatial scales.

We found that the number of annual HEC incidents have increased over time, although not evenly across space, with increases primarily in the northern region of the Panhandle. Crop raiding presents both chronic and acute challenges for farmers, with the amount of damage incurred per incident largely dependent on the size of elephant group involved rather than factors within the farmers' control such as guarding or types of crops grown.

Our results provide a characterization of contemporary conflict incidents and long‐term trends, despite scarce historical data. Combining the reporting and assessment data with surveyed local ecological knowledge offered a multidimensional understanding of human‐wildlife conflict for a region where this information was lacking. It is an important precursor to effective and collaborative conflict management and mitigation.

When possible, this mixed‐methods approach may facilitate understanding for complex human‐wildlife interactions and support the diverse communities and stakeholders involved with conflict‐related challenges.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Tensile behavior of the bolt‐jointed GFRP after low‐velocity impact
Authors: Wan Yun , Lu Wenbin , Li Hao , Huang Yonghu , Lei Zuxiang , Yang Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBolt joint is one of the most commonly used methods for fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRP) structures whose mechanical properties are quite sensitive to both the stacking sequence and the low‐velocity impact loading. For this reason, herein, we conducted an experimental method with the self‐designed clamp to evaluate the influence of low‐velocity impact (LVI) at the compressed area nearby the bolt hole on the residual tensile properties of bolt joint GFRP laminates with various stacking sequences. After comparing the displacement‐force curves and failure modes of different bolt joints in tensile tests after LVI loading, the effect of LVI and the failure mechanism subjected to post‐impact loading are discussed in depth. Tensile properties show that the damage caused by impact has a significant effect on the performance of the composite. Under the condition of incident energy of 9 J and distance of 6 mm from the center of the bolt hole to the impact point, the ultimate tensile value of Ply‐A, Ply‐B, and Ply‐C samples are reduced by 32.3%, 34.6%, and 50%, respectively. This influence can also be confirmed by observing the failure morphology, describing the interlaminar behavior of the specimens varying stacking sequence, where a more serious interlaminar damage was identified at Ply‐C specimens. In addition, we also utilized the VIC‐2D device to record and analyze the strain of different ply stacking sequence specimens in the failure process. The result shows that all types of cases have the same initial failure mode of bearing, but various final failure modes.
The dark triad, performance avoidance, and academic cheating
Authors: He Qiong , Zheng Yang , Yu Yue , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study found that: (1) performance avoidance played a partial mediating role between college students' psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and academic cheating, respectively; and (2) performance avoidance showed a full mediating role between college students' narcissism and academic cheating.
Adverse childhood experiences and personality functioning interact substantially in predicting depression, anxiety, and somatization
Authors: Kerber André , Gewehr Elsa , Zimmermann Johannes , Sachser Cedric , M. Fegert Jörg , Knaevelsrud Christine , Spitzer Carsten 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEtiological theories on the development of psychopathology often incorporate adverse childhood experiences (ACE) as an important contributing factor. Recent studies suggest personality functioning (PF; i.e., stability of the self and interpersonal relationships) as an important transdiagnostic construct that could be useful in better understanding when persons with ACE do (not) develop psychopathological symptoms. A representative sample of N = 2363 was assessed by questionnaires on ACE, PF (Level of Personality Functioning Scale—Brief Form 2.0), and current symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization (Brief Symptom Inventory 18). The interaction between ACE and PF on symptoms was investigated using multiple group models and Bayesian structural equation modeling. ACE were positively associated with psychopathology and PF impairments. The interaction effect between ACE and PF explained incremental variance in current symptoms, ranging from 26% for somatization to 49% for depression with the complete model explaining up to 91% of the latent variance in psychopathology. Our findings indicate a diathesis–stress model with PF as a resource or resilience that may buffer against the development of symptoms in the face of adversity. Treatments of depression and anxiety targeting self and interpersonal functioning therefore may lead to improvements in resilience and relapse prevention. [Correction added on 15 March 2023, after first online publication: Level of Personality Functioning Scale—Brief Form has been replaced to Level of Personality Functioning Scale—Brief Form 2.0 ]
The mechanism of coumarin inhibits germination of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and its application as coumarin–carbon dots nanocomposites
Authors: Yang Ni , He Xiulong , Ran Lulu , Yang Furong , Ma Chuanxin , Chen Hanqiu , Xiang Dong , Shen Guangmao , Zhang Ping , He Lin , Qian Kun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs an important plant allelochemical, coumarin can effectively inhibit the germination of various seeds. However, little is known about the inhibition mechanism of coumarin on weed seed germination. Moreover, the herbicidal activity of coumarin is needed to be improved as a natural pesticide.RESULTSCoumarin had the highest inhibition effect on the ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed, where coumarin disturbed the hormone pathway by decreasing the content of gibberellic acid 3, resulting in the reduction of amylase activity and consumption of starch during the germination process of ryegrass seed. Moreover, coumarin induced decreased activity of catalase and subsequently led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, causing oxidative stress during the germination process of ryegrass seed. Furthermore, to enhance the herbicidal activity of coumarin, carbon dots (CDs) modified with polyetherimide were prepared, characterized, and then combined with coumarin to form coumarin–carbon dots (Cm‐CDs) nanocomposites. Compared with coumarin, Cm‐CDs nanocomposites significantly increased the herbicidal activity of coumarin on ryegrass, which implies that Cm‐CDs nanocomposites could be used as a potential formulation to improve the herbicidal activity of coumarin.CONCLUSIONThis study not only reveals the mechanism of coumarin on ryegrass germination, but also develop Cm‐CDs nanocomposites to enhance the herbicidal activity of coumarin. Our findings will stimulate the application of Cm‐CDs nanomaterials as an effective and environmentally friendly formulation in agriculture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modulatory properties of curcumin in cancer: A narrative review on the role of interferons
Authors: Chamani Sajjad , Moossavi Maryam , Naghizadeh Ali , Abbasifard Mitra , Kesharwani Prashant , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe immune network is an effective network of cell types and chemical compounds established to maintain the body's homeostasis from foreign threats and to prevent the risk of a wide range of diseases; hence, its proper functioning and balance are essential. A dysfunctional immune system can contribute to various disorders, including cancer. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in molecules that can modulate the immune network. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, is one of these herbal remedies with many beneficial effects, including modulation of immunity. Curcumin is beneficial in managing various chronic inflammatory conditions, improving brain function, lowering cardiovascular disease risk, prevention and management of dementia, and prevention of aging. Several clinical studies have supported this evidence, suggesting curcumin to have an immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory function; nevertheless, its mechanism of action is still not clear. In the current review, we aim to explore the modulatory function of curcumin through interferons in cancers.
A new non‐parametric control chart for monitoring general linear profiles based on log‐linear modelling
Authors: Huwang Longcheen , Liao Yen‐Ming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProfile monitoring has received much attention from the applications in statistical process control. It is a method for monitoring the stability of a functional relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables over the time axis. General linear profiles monitoring is very important since the linear relationship between a response variable and explanatory variables is easy to characterize besides it is simple and flexible. In addition, most of general linear profiles monitoring techniques assume normality of random error variables. However, the normality of random error variables is not satisfied in certain applications. This causes the existing monitoring methods for general linear profiles both inadequate and inefficient. Based on the log‐linear modelling, in this paper, we develop a non‐parametric control chart for Phase II monitoring of general linear profiles where normality of random error variables is not assumed. The proposed charting method applies the CUSUM (cumulative sum) to the Pearson chi‐square test for the Wilcoxon‐type rank‐based estimators of coefficient parameters and an estimator of random error variance. Effectiveness of the developed control chart is assessed and compared with that of two existing control charts based on the criterion of ARL (average run length). An industrial production process example is also applied to illustrate how the proposed control chart can be used in practice.
Development and validation of an analytical method for trace‐level quantification of genotoxic nitrosamine impurities in losartan and hydrochlorothiazide fixed‐dose combination tablets using ultra performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Patel Ravi , Purohit Sanjay , Solanki Ravisinh , Khunt Dignesh , Patel Chhaganbhai , Patel Rucha , Parikh Shalin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRationaleSince June 2018, globally large numbers of pharmaceuticals have been recalled due to the unexpected presence of nitrosamines. Beginning with the class of pharmaceuticals known as sartans, subsequent lines of inquiry included antidiabetic medicines, antihistamines, and antibiotics. A critical review of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration database reveals that the highest number of products recall due to the presence of unacceptable levels of nitrosamines were losartan potassium drug products and their coformulations with other drug substances. The problem can be mainly attributed to naively adopted approval revisions and the lack of sufficient current analytical technologies to detect those contaminants in time. In this work, we developed a specific, selective, accurate, precise, and robust ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TQ‐MS/MS) method for the estimation of eight genotoxic nitrosamine impurities in losartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) tablets, which is the only fixed‐dosage combination approved by the USFDA to treat hypertension.MethodsAll the nitrosamine impurities along with the drug substances were separated using an Agilent Pursuit XRs Ultra diphenyl column (150 × 2.0 mm, 2.8 μm) with mobile phase A (0.1% formic acid in water) and mobile phase B (0.1% formic acid in methanol) at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min using the gradient elution program. The proposed method was validated per ICH (International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) Q2 (R1) guidelines to ensure the method is suitable for its intended purpose.ResultsLimit of detection and limit of quantification were obtained in the range of 0.25–0.5 ng/mL, which was very low compared to levels specified by the USFDA, European Medicines Agency (EMA), and other regulatory authorities that ensure the sensitivity of the method in its entire life cycle.ConclusionsThe developed method can be incorporated into an official monograph and applied for routine quality control analysis of losartan and HCTZ fixed‐dose combination tablets.
Structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Co‐doped CeO2 thin films prepared by radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Yang Shenghong , Zhang Yueli 
Published: February 2023

Co‐doped CeO2 (Ce1‐xCoxO2, x = 0, 0.03, and 0.06) thin films were prepared by radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering. The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of these films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and superconducting quantum interference magnetometer (SQUID). XRD and Raman studies revealed that all the films exhibited single phase of cubic fluorite structure, with highly (111) preferred orientation. No Co and Co‐related oxide was detected. Compared with undoped CeO2 films, the defect concentration of Co‐doped films increases. AFM images displayed that the film surface morphology is dependent on the Co‐doped content. The vibrational band assignment of undoped and Co‐doped CeO2 films was analyzed by FT‐IR. The energy dispersion optical constants (the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k) of Ce1‐xCoxO2 thin films were obtained by analyzing the SE spectra in the ultraviolet and visible‐near infrared (UV–NIR) region (0.5–5.9 eV). The optical band gap energies Eg for these films were determined. The Eg values of the Ce1‐xCoxO2 thin films are 3.35, 3.27, and 3.25 eV, and the n values at wavelength of 632 nm are about 2.35, 2.38, and 2.42 for Co‐doped content x = 0, 0.03, and 0.06, respectively. SQUID measurements show that Co‐doped CeO2 films exhibit room temperature ferromagnetism, and the saturation magnetization (Ms) is 0.0051 and 0.0098 emμ/cm3 with the Co doping content x = 0.03 and 0.06, respectively. The ferromagnetism of Co‐doped CeO2 films belong to the intrinsic magnetism of the films.
Accuracy of Intermolecular interaction Energies, Particularly Those of Hetero Atom Containing Molecules Obtained by van der Waals DFT Calculations
Authors: Tsuzuki Seiji , Kaneko Tomoaki , Sodeyama Keitaro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe performance of 24 vdW‐DF functionals were evaluated. The calculated intermolecular interaction potentials for 11 complexes, which conatain O, S, Se, N, P, F, Cl and Br atoms, were compared with CCSD(T)/CBS level potentials to evaluate their accuracy. The performance depends on the choice of vdW‐functional significantly. The vdW‐DF3‐opt1 functional shows the best performance. The deviation ratios of calculated interaction energies of the complexes using the vdW‐DF3‐opt1 functional to CCSD(T) level interaction energies at the potential minima are −6 to 14 %. As a general tendency, the accuracy is improved in the order of vdW‐DF, vdW‐DF2, and vdW‐DF3, but even if they belong to the same group, the accuracy greatly differs depending on each functional. The calculations of hydrocarbon molecules show better performance compared with heteroatom containing molecules in most cases. The calculations using the vdW‐DF3‐opt1 functional and the best dispersion corrected DFT calculations show nearly identical performance.
Caviomorphs (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from Pampa Castillo, Chile: new octodontoid records and biochronological implications
Authors: McGrath Andrew J. , Flynn John J. , Croft Darin A. , Chick Jennifer , Dodson Holly E. , Wyss André R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCaviomorph rodents have been diverse and abundant components of South American mammal communities since the late Eocene. We describe herein the octodontoids of Pampa Castillo, a Lower Miocene site in southern Chile (Aysén Region). Six genera and seven species of octodontoids are present, two of which are new: Dudumus berggreni sp. nov. and Caviocricetus guenekko sp. nov. The octodontoids from Pampa Castillo support assignment of this fauna to the Santacrucian South American Land Mammal Age (SALMA), which is consistent with previous studies. We conducted similarity analyses on 11 Early–Middle Miocene Patagonian rodent faunas using hierarchical clustering. Faunas generally fell into the three SALMAs to which they were traditionally assigned: Colhuehuapian, Santacrucian and ‘post‐Santacrucian’. The ‘Pinturan’ is a proposed biochronological interval between the Colhuehuapian and Santacrucian. At the genus level, Pampa Castillo clustered with ‘Pinturan’ faunas, while at the species level it clustered with the ‘typical’ faunas on which the Santacrucian SALMA is based (from outcrops of the Santa Cruz Formation along the Atlantic coast and Río Santa Cruz). The Pampa Castillo rodent fauna resembles both ‘Pinturan’ and ‘typical’ Santacrucian faunas in taxon distributions, reflecting complex temporal and palaeoenvironmental influences. Geochronological data indicate that some ‘Pinturan’ sites overlap temporally with Pampa Castillo and the upper Pinturas Formation, which both clustered with ‘typical’ Santacrucian faunas. These results indicate that the ‘Pinturan’ does not represent a distinct biochronological interval, but that the differences between it and ‘typical’ Santacrucian faunas are attributable to geographic or palaeoenvironmental differences.
Design of efficient storage and retrieval of medical records in blockchain based on InterPlanetary File System and modified bloom tree
Authors: Sathiya Devi Shanmugam , Bhuvaneswari Arumugam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the healthcare sector, medical records contain sensitive information about patients, so guaranteeing the confidentiality and integrity of it is essential. To improve the security of it, blockchain technology is being utilized. The blockchain is a type of distributed ledger and it keeps data securely while also generating trust without the need of third party. It has data storage constraint and Merkle tree preserves data integrity but it is inefficient when searching transactions within it. Hence this paper describes InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) based storage and modified bloom tree data structure which is a hybridization of bloom filter and Merkle tree for efficient searching. To protect data privacy, initially it encrypts medical records using ciphertext policy‐attribute based encryption and then the data stored on IPFS returns a hash value. To diminish the false positive rate (FPR), the hash returned by IPFS is stored in two parts of the bloom filter. The first part stores the data by using “k” non‐cryptographic hash function and second part stores the transformed data with the same hash function. The bloom tree is created using Merkle proof for verification of medical record in blockchain. The experiments show that the proposed method reduces the FPR rate and searching complexity is O(log2).
Online News as a Resource for Incidental Learning of Core Academic Words, Academic Formulas, and General Formulas
Authors: Dang Thi Ngoc Yen , Long Xu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractKnowledge of academic words, academic formulas and general formulas is essential for second language learners, but resources for incidental learning of these lexical items are very limited, especially in English as a Foreign Language contexts. This study employed a corpus‐driven approach to examine the potential of online news for incidental learning of core academic words, academic formulas, and general formulas. Twenty‐six corpora were created from voice of America (VOA) news to represent the amounts of reading that learners with the reading speed of 200 words per minute (wpm) and those with the reading speed of 150 wpm could complete within certain periods of time if they read VOA news regularly for 40 minutes per day and 5 days per week. Then, occurrences of core academic words, academic formulas, and general formulas represented by well‐known lists in each corpus were counted with corpus‐based tools. Analysis showed that the number of core academic words, academic formulas, and general formulas increased steadily as more input was added. Depending on the kind of target vocabulary and the reading speed, reading VOA news regularly for 3 months to 3.5 years would likely offer learners opportunities to encounter nearly all target words/formulas and encounter at least 80% of them 12 or more times in their reading. This finding suggests that online news is a useful resource for incidental vocabulary learning. It also indicates the minimal amounts of reading needed for incidental learning of core academic words, academic formulas, and general formulas.