bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear water clarity trends and impacts on littoral area in Minnesota lakes
Authors: Vitense Kelsey , Hansen Gretchen J. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLake water clarity is an indicator of water quality, trophic status, and habitat condition. Changes in clarity impact lake ecosystems and may reflect land use changes or presence of invasive species. Quantifying temporal changes in water clarity can be challenging because clarity varies seasonally, annually, and spatially within and among lakes. We developed a hierarchical generalized additive model to quantify trends in water clarity (Secchi depth) from 1979 to 2018 for 909 Minnesota lakes, accounting for seasonal and spatial variability. Water clarity increased by 0.41 m across lakes from 1984 to 1988 and 2014 to 2018. Lake‐specific clarity trends varied: clarity did not change significantly in 59.0% of lakes, increased in 34.5% of lakes, and decreased in 6.5% of lakes. Water clarity dynamics caused considerable variability in littoral area between seasons and years. Our results have wide applications in aquatic ecology, including understanding changes to food webs, assessing fish habitat, and evaluating impacts of invasive species.
phytoclass: A pigment‐based chemotaxonomic method to determine the biomass of phytoplankton classes
Authors: Hayward Alexander , Pinkerton Matthew H. , Gutierrez‐Rodriguez Andres 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPigment‐based chemotaxonomy is a widely utilized tool to determine the biomass of phytoplankton classes from pigment biomarkers. The CHEMTAX approach is sensitive to the initial estimates of pigment‐to‐chlorophyll a (Chl a) ratios for the phytoplankton classes required, even though these are modified by the CHEMTAX process. We present an alternative chemotaxonomic method that utilizes simulated annealing with a steepest descent algorithm to derive class abundances and pigment‐to‐Chl a ratios. The simulated annealing algorithm is tested on two synthetic datasets of Southern Ocean phytoplankton communities. Each dataset is composed of 1000 inversion samples (set of phytoplankton class abundances, pigment ratios, and pigment profiles) with sizes ranging between 5 and 60 individual samples. We show that the new simulated annealing approach displays higher accuracy than two common configurations of the CHEMTAX method, with lower differences between true and estimated class abundances. Symmetric mean absolute percentage error were 4.8–11%, compared to 18–70% with CHEMTAX approaches. Proportions of variance explained (R2) between true and estimated class abundances using the simulated annealing approach were 0.98–0.99 compared to 0.71–0.89 for CHEMTAX. Overall, this new methodology is capable of determining phytoplankton class abundances at higher accuracy than CHEMTAX without sensitivity to initial estimates of pigment‐to‐Chl a ratios.
Mechanism of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in cancer and its regulation by natural compounds
Authors: Ang Hui Li , Mohan Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya , Shanmugam Muthu K. , Leong Hin Chong , Makvandi Pooyan , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Bishayee Anupam , Kumar Alan Prem , Sethi Gautam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process with a primordial role in cellular transformation whereby an epithelial cell transforms and acquires a mesenchymal phenotype. This transformation plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and self‐renewal, and exacerbates resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy. EMT can be initiated and promoted by deregulated oncogenic signaling pathways, hypoxia, and cells in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in a loss‐of‐epithelial cell polarity, cell–cell adhesion, and enhanced invasive/migratory properties. Numerous transcriptional regulators, such as Snail, Slug, Twist, and ZEB1/ZEB2 induce EMT through the downregulation of epithelial markers and gain‐of‐expression of the mesenchymal markers. Additionally, signaling cascades such as Wnt/β‐catenin, Notch, Sonic hedgehog, nuclear factor kappa B, receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Hippo, and transforming growth factor‐β pathways regulate EMT whereas they are often deregulated in cancers leading to aberrant EMT. Furthermore, noncoding RNAs, tumor‐derived exosomes, and epigenetic alterations are also involved in the modulation of EMT. Therefore, the regulation of EMT is a vital strategy to control the aggressive metastatic characteristics of tumor cells. Despite the vast amount of preclinical data on EMT in cancer progression, there is a lack of clinical translation at the therapeutic level. In this review, we have discussed thoroughly the role of the aforementioned transcription factors, noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, long noncoding RNA, circular RNA), signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, and tumor‐derived exosomes in the regulation of EMT in cancers. We have also emphasized the contribution of EMT to drug resistance and possible therapeutic interventions using plant‐derived natural products, their semi‐synthetic derivatives, and nano‐formulations that are described as promising EMT blockers.
Olive‐Derived Antioxidant Dietary Fiber Modulates Gut Microbiota Composition and Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis Like Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Lee Ying Hui , Kalailingam Pazhanichamy , Delcour Jan A. , Fogliano Vincenzo , Thanabalu Thirumaran 
Published: March 2023

ScopeEpidemiological data suggest that altered gut microbiota contributes to the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). The effect of an olive‐derived antioxidant dietary fiber (OADF) in relieving AD symptoms in a murine model of 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)‐induced AD is examined and the effect of OADF in modulating host gut microbiota is explored.Methods and resultsMice are fed with either standard diet or standard diet + OADF for 3 weeks prior to induction of AD and maintained on the same diet throughout the DNFB application period. Dietary OADF causes significant improvement of AD‐like symptoms with reduced serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, C‐X‐C motif ligand (CXCL)1, and increased serum levels of IL‐10. OADF supplementation restore gut microbiota composition that are altered in AD mice. Specifically, OADF increases the proportion of intestinal bacteria (Ruminococcaceae UCG014, GCA900066575, UBA1819) associated with enhanced butyrate production, along with inhibiting Clostridiales vadin BB60 which are more prevalent in AD mice.ConclusionOADF modulates gut microbiota composition, improves cytokine profile and butyrate production influencing AD‐associated immune response. Results highlight the importance of the gut‐skin axis for the AD dietary therapeutic agents.
Data adaptive regularization with reference tissue constraints for liver quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors: Velikina Julia V. , Zhao Ruiyang , Buelo Collin J. , Samsonov Alexey A. , Reeder Scott B. , Hernando Diego 
Published: March 2023

PurposeTo improve repeatability and reproducibility across acquisition parameters and reduce bias in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of the liver, through development of an optimized regularized reconstruction algorithm for abdominal QSM.MethodsAn optimized approach to estimation of magnetic susceptibility distribution is formulated as a constrained reconstruction problem that incorporates estimates of the input data reliability and anatomical priors available from chemical shift‐encoded imaging. The proposed data‐adaptive method was evaluated with respect to bias, repeatability, and reproducibility in a patient population with a wide range of liver iron concentration (LIC). The proposed method was compared to the previously proposed and validated approach in liver QSM for two multi‐echo spoiled gradient‐recalled echo protocols with different acquisition parameters at 3T. Linear regression was used for evaluation of QSM methods against a reference FDA‐approved ‐based LIC measure and measurements; repeatability/reproducibility were assessed by Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsThe data‐adaptive method produced susceptibility maps with higher subjective quality due to reduced shading artifacts. For both acquisition protocols, higher linear correlation with both ‐ and ‐based measurements were observed for the data‐adaptive method ( for , for ) than the standard method ( and ). For both protocols, the data‐adaptive method enabled better test–retest repeatability (repeatability coefficients 0.19/0.30 ppm for the data‐adaptive method, 0.38/0.47 ppm for the standard method) and reproducibility across protocols (reproducibility coefficient 0.28 vs. 0.53ppm) than the standard method.ConclusionsThe proposed data‐adaptive QSM algorithm may enable quantification of LIC with improved repeatability/reproducibility across different acquisition parameters as 3T.
Testing the feasibility and acceptability of an online ‘Fatigue and Activity Management Education for Work (FAME‐W) programme’ for individuals with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Karkon Shalaleh , O’Shea Finbar , Doran Michelle , McCormack Hazel , Connolly Deirdre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionFatigue and Activity Management Education for Work (FAME‐W) is a four‐week, occupational therapy led programme focussing on fatigue management strategies. FAME‐W was designed to be delivered in person; however, due to COVID‐19 pandemic it was modified to be an online group‐based self‐management intervention. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of the online delivery format of FAME‐W.MethodsThis was a mixed methods study. Participants were randomly allocated to intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group received a four‐week online FAME‐W. The control group participants received a FAME‐W handbook. Participants were required to complete questionnaires on work presenteeism, fatigue, mood, Health Related Quality of Life and pain at baseline, and 3 months post‐intervention. Participants in the intervention group attended a focus group immediately following the completion of the programme and the control group participated in individual interviews.ResultsSeven of ten individuals recruited participated in the study. Majority of participants had Rheumatoid Arthritis and were working full‐time. The mean age of intervention participants was 53 ± 10.4 and 56.5 ± 3.7 for the controls. All participants in the intervention group had 100% attendance, completed all study measures and activities. Participants had positive comments about the programme format, content, and delivery. Improvements were observed in most measures at follow up.ConclusionResults suggest that an online programme to improve work ability was feasible and acceptable to individuals with inflammatory arthritis. The online delivery format was favoured over attending a centre‐based programme. The findings support a definitive intervention trial of online FAME‐W.
Deuterium body array for the simultaneous measurement of hepatic and renal glucose metabolism and gastric emptying with dynamic 3D deuterium metabolic imaging at 7 T
Authors: Gursan Ayhan , Hendriks Arjan D. , Welting Dimitri , de Jong Pim A. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Prompers Jeanine J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a novel noninvasive method to assess tissue metabolism and organ (patho)physiology in vivo using deuterated substrates, such as [6,6’‐2H2]‐glucose. The liver and kidneys play a central role in whole‐body glucose homeostasis, and in type 2 diabetes, both hepatic and renal glucose metabolism are dysregulated. Diabetes is also associated with gastric emptying abnormalities. In this study, we developed a four‐channel 2H transmit/receive body array coil for DMI in the human abdomen at 7 T and assessed its performance. In addition, the feasibility of simultaneously measuring gastric emptying, and hepatic and renal glucose uptake and metabolism with dynamic 3D DMI upon administration of deuterated glucose, was investigated. Simulated and measured B1+ patterns were in good agreement. The intrasession variability of the natural abundance deuterated water signal in the liver and right kidney, measured in nine healthy volunteers, was 5.6% ± 0.9% and 4.9% ± 0.7%, respectively. Dynamic 3D DMI scans with oral administration of [6,6’‐2H2]‐glucose showed similar kinetics of deuterated glucose appearance and disappearance in the liver and kidney. The measured gastric emptying half time was 80 ± 10 min, which is in good agreement with scintigraphy measurements. In conclusion, DMI with oral administration of [6,6’‐2H2]‐glucose enables simultaneous assessment of gastric emptying and liver and kidney glucose uptake and metabolism. When applied in patients with diabetes, this approach may advance our understanding of the interplay between disturbances in liver and kidney glucose uptake and metabolism and gastric emptying, at a detail that cannot be achieved by any other method.
A theoretical model for two‐way bending behavior of bilayer shape memory polymer plate
Authors: Du Xiaofei , Du Haiyang , Zhao Yajun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a simple theoretical model based on the principles of phase transition and strain energy balance theories (during the thermo‐mechanical cycle process) to predict the two‐way bending behavior of a bilayer plate composed of two types of shape memory polymers (SMPs) with different glass transition temperatures under axial strains from 5% to 20%. The two‐way bending behavior observed from the theoretical results was verified via comparison with the finite‐element method (FEM) simulation based on the Generalized Maxwell model, wherein good agreement was demonstrated. The maximum errors for the critical bending angle and deflection were 6.82% and 5.36%, respectively. In addition, the two‐way bending behavior of a bilayer plate, including SMP and elastic polymer layers, was also predicted by the theoretical model, where good agreement was observed. The maximum errors for the critical bending angle and deflection were 15.20% and 12.82%, respectively. The theoretical model can predict the thermo‐mechanical behavior of smart actuators and help design the geometry configuration based on bilayer SMP plates in the future, such as smart hands or grippers.
Directional freezing in natural rubber foams to construct reinforced networks
Authors: Wu Hao , Liu Gui‐Xiang , Wei Yan‐Chan , Liao Shuangquan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolymer foams have great potential for applications in bioengineering, insulation and energy transfer and have attracted considerable interest. Natural rubber foam (NRF) is a polymeric porous foam with good elastic and mechanical properties. However, the presence of an inherently porous structure leads to poor mechanical properties, limiting practical applications. To improve the mechanical properties of polymer foams and increase their application versatility, we report a simple freeze‐casting approach to construct cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) reinforcement networks in a targeted manner without additional chemical modifications in the prepared NRF. The reinforcing physical network composed of CNF remains homogeneous and well distributed in the NRF collective. Moreover, the NRF/CNF composite has excellent mechanical properties, reaching a strength of 170 kPa at 60% compressive strain and 920 kPa tensile strength at 0.4% CNF, which is 1.8 and 4 times that of NRF, respectively.
Strain controlled shear hardening behavior in suspensions of alumina spheres in a polydimethylsiloxane oligomer matrix
Authors: Wang Zefan , Wang Yu , Su Yunlan , Xing Qian , Müller Alejandro J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs a model system for thermal interface materials (TIMs), the complex rheological behavior of polydimethylsiloxane oligomer (oDMS)/alumina sphere particles (AlS) suspensions (i.e., oDMS/AlS) is investigated systematically in this work. Aluminum particles with 1 and 10 μm were used as fillers. Here, a surface treatment by using a silane coupling agent as found to be effective in improving the fluidity of the suspensions with small sized AlS particles. Peculiar large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) results were observed for the suspensions that exhibited three or four responses (Hookean regime, shear softening, shear hardening and a second shear softening) depending on the surface properties of AlS particles. For the oDMS/AlS10 neat system, the width of the Hookean regime is determined by the shear stress () instead of the shear strain (), whereas it completely disappears in the oDMS/AlS10t system due to the increase potential energy between particles. Both critical stress and strain at the onset point for strain hardening decreased with the increase of particle concentration. Frequency dependent measurements illustrates that it is the critical strain instead of the stress that controls the shear hardening behavior. Average distance of neighboring particles is assumed to play a key role in the formation of hydroclusters.
Preservation of active components in olive leaf extract by spray drying method in biodegradable polymers: Optimization, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and application
Authors: Toprakçı İrem , Cosgun Gulderen , Balci‐Torun Ferhan , Torun Mehmet , Şahin Selin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionEncapsulation of the bioactive ingredients in biodegradable and edible polymers is an alternative novel application method to keep these kind of natural products stable.ObjectiveThe purpose is to optimize the encapsulation system of olive leaf extract by spray drying method, and to apply the products into a model food.MethodsOlive leaf extract was encapsulated in arabic gum/maltodextrin blend by spray drying method. Combined design approach under I‐optimal design type was used to optimize the system. Characterisation studies under moisture content, water activity, solubility, bulk density, tapped density, Carr index, particle size distribution, powder morphology and glass transition temperature were applied to the microparticles obtained under optimum conditions. The bioavailability of the encapsulated active material was tested by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore, microparticles produced under optimum conditions were also evaluated for a potential functional food application.ResultsThe optimum conditions were achieved by arabic gum/maltodextrin (3.7:6.3) with 10% (w/v) in the mixture of wall material and active material under 165.5°C to achieve maximum encapsulation efficiency (86.92%), encapsulation yield (71.32%) and antioxidant activity (5.74 mg Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity/g dry microparticle).ConclusionsOlive leaf extract encapsulated in arabic gum/maltodextrin may be a good alternative additive to prevent the lipid oxidation in fat‐containing food products as well as improvement of the product quality by functional properties.
A systematic review of information technology in workplace learning
Authors: Yu Wenhao , He Jiaqi , Gong Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe application of information technology is ubiquitous in our work and learning, and information technology causes tremendous changes to workplace learning. This systematic review aims to summarize the roles and impacts of information technology on workplace learning. This study is guided by the following three research questions: What are the characteristics and trends of the existing research on information technology in workplace learning(RQ1)? What roles does information technology play in workplace learning(RQ2)? What changes and impacts have information technology brought to workplace learning(RQ3)? We identified 60 eligible articles using the guidelines of the PRISMA procedures. To respond to RQ1, the descriptive analysis of the eligible literature has been delineated. To respond to RQ2, we conducted an in‐depth content analysis, and the roles of information technology were classified into four categories: at the organizational level, exploitative learning and explorative learning and at the individual level, learning resources and learning support. To respond to RQ3, the impacts of information technology were analyzed from both the positive and negative effects at the individual and organizational levels. Finally, we proposed an integrated framework of information technology on workplace learning.
A survey of lineage‐specific genes in Triticeae reveals de novo gene evolution from genomic raw material
Authors: Poretti Manuel , Praz Coraline R. , Sotiropoulos Alexandros G. , Wicker Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiploid plant genomes typically contain ~35,000 genes, almost all belonging to highly conserved gene families. Only a small fraction are lineage‐specific, which are found in only one or few closely related species. Little is known about how genes arise de novo in plant genomes and how often this occurs; however, they are believed to be important for plants diversification and adaptation. We developed a pipeline to identify lineage‐specific genes in Triticeae, using newly available genome assemblies of wheat, barley, and rye. Applying a set of stringent criteria, we identified 5942 candidate Triticeae‐specific genes (TSGs), of which 2337 were validated as protein‐coding genes in wheat. Differential gene expression analyses revealed that stress‐induced wheat TSGs are strongly enriched in putative secreted proteins. Some were previously described to be involved in Triticeae non‐host resistance and cold response. Additionally, we show that 1079 TSGs have sequence homology to transposable elements (TEs), ~68% of them deriving from regulatory non‐coding regions of Gypsy retrotransposons. Most importantly, we demonstrate that these TSGs are enriched in transmembrane domains and are among the most highly expressed wheat genes overall. To summarize, we conclude that de novo gene formation is relatively rare and that Triticeae probably possess ~779 lineage‐specific genes per haploid genome. TSGs, which respond to pathogen and environmental stresses, may be interesting candidates for future targeted resistance breeding in Triticeae. Finally, we propose that non‐coding regions of TEs might provide important genetic raw material for the functional innovation of TM domains and the evolution of novel secreted proteins.