bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membership problems for positive one-relator groups and one-relation monoids
Authors: Foniqi Islam , Gray Robert D. , Nyberg-Brodda Carl-Fredrik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Motivated by approaches to the word problem for one-relation monoids arising from work of Adian and Oganesian (1987), Guba (1997), and Ivanov, Margolis, and Meakin (2001), we study the submonoid and rational subset membership problems in one-relation monoids and in positive one-relator groups. We give the first known examples of positive one-relator groups with undecidable submonoid membership problem, and we apply this to give the first known examples of one-relation monoids with undecidable submonoid membership problem. We construct several infinite families of one-relation monoids with undecidable submonoid membership problem, including examples that are defined by relations of the form

$w=1$

but which are not groups, and examples defined by relations of the form

$u=v$

where both of u and v are nonempty. As a consequence, we obtain a classification of the right-angled Artin groups that can arise as subgroups of one-relation monoids. We also give examples of monoids with a single defining relation of the form

$aUb = a$

and examples of the form

$aUb=aVa$

, with undecidable rational subset membership problem. We give a one-relator group defined by a freely reduced word of the form

$uv^{-1}$

with

$u, v$

positive words, in which the prefix membership problem is undecidable. Finally, we prove the existence of a special two-relator inverse monoid with undecidable word problem, and in which both the relators are positive words. As a corollary, we also find a positive two-relator group with undecidable prefix membership problem. In proving these results, we introduce new methods for proving undecidability of the rational subset membership problem in monoids and groups, including by finding suitable embeddings of certain trace monoids.
Insights into anesthesia administration for elderly individuals undergoing painless gastroenteroscopy: A bibliometric study
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhen Biao , Li Jia-Jun , Jin Chun-Nv , Jia Jun , Liu Bo-Hai , Bai Yan-Hui 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Administering anesthesia to elderly patients undergoing gastroenteroscopy necessitates careful attention due to age-related physiological changes and an increased risk of complications.
AIM
To analyze the research trends in anesthesia management for elderly patients undergoing gastroenteroscopy.
METHODS
We performed a literature search using the Web of Science database to identify articles published between 2004 and 2023. Bibliometric and visual analyses were conducted using CiteSpace, R, and VOSviewer to explore the current research landscape of anesthesia administration in painless gastroenteroscopy for elderly patients and to identify future research directions by examining trends and emerging hotspots in this domain.
RESULTS
A total of 800 articles were examined, revealing a rising trend in annual publication counts. The United States led with 181 articles, followed by China with 112, collectively contributing over 35% of the studies among the top ten countries. The majority of publications appeared in the United States journals, with the top three being Gastrointestinal Endoscopy [impact factor (IF) = 7.7, H-index = 26], Digestive Diseases and Sciences (IF = 3.1), and Endoscopy (IF = 9.3). Six primary research clusters were identified: Obstructive sleep apnea and airway management, surveillance and risk factors, colorectal cancer examination and treatment, sedation and safety of propofol and midazolam, patient satisfaction, and mortality and complications. These findings underscore the pivotal focus areas in anesthesia for elderly patients undergoing gastroenteroscopy.
CONCLUSION
A comprehensive understanding of current research trends and hotspots will aid anesthesiologists in developing more evidence-based practices, thereby improving the safety and outcomes for elderly patients undergoing gastroenteroscopy.
Cholecystogastric ﬁstula presenting as pyloric obstruction - a Bouveret’s syndrome: A case report
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhong Ding-Fu 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Bouveret’s syndrome is a rare (1%-4%) form of cholelithiasis characterized by gastric outlet obstruction. It presents mainly in elderly women with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. On physical examination, common findings include dehydration signs such as tachycardia, decreased urine output, abdominal discomfort, and distention. Diagnosis relies on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, with Rigler's triad (pneumobilia, ectopic gallstone, gastric distension) being highly specific. This report aims to improve understanding of Bouveret’s syndrome and inform better management and treatment strategies.
CASE SUMMARY
A 60-year-old male patient presented with a three-day history of nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. An upright abdominal X-ray revealed a gas shadow in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Endoscopy revealed a brown and black stone measuring approximately 3030 mm in diameter in the gastric pylorus, incompletely obstructing the gastric outlet. The diagnosis of Bouveret’s syndrome was accurately confirmed via an abdominal CT scan. Endoscopic removal of the stone was successful, owing to the stone being fragmented and extracted in pieces using a crushing basket. Three weeks later, laparoscopy was attempted but failed because of severe tissue adhesions. Consequently, the procedure was converted to a laparotomy, and fistula repair and cholecystectomy were performed. He returned to the outpatient clinic for follow-up, and no further concerns were noted.
CONCLUSION
This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and adaptable endoscopic and surgical approaches for effectively managing Bouveret’s syndrome.
Novel approach to managing two enormous bezoars with successive snare-tip electrocautery: A case report
Authors: Lim Cherng Harng , Lim Cherng Jyr , Yao Chih-Ta , Chang Chi-Chun 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Gastric bezoars are indigestible masses that can lead to gastrointestinal obstruction and ulceration. Standard treatments include endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy with a polypectomy snare and Coca-Cola dissolution therapy or a combination of both approaches. However, giant bezoars frequently require multiple treatment sessions and extended hospital stays. Additionally, snare-based mechanical fragmentation may be limited by factors such as bezoar size, shape, density, slipperiness, and restricted working space. In cases where refractory giant bezoars are unresponsive to traditional methods, surgical intervention is often necessary.
CASE SUMMARY
A 57-year-old male with a history of type 2 diabetes presented with severe epigastric pain and vomiting. Endoscopy revealed two large phytobezoars and a gastric ulcer. Initial attempts at mechanical fragmentation with a polypectomy snare and Coca-Cola ingestion for dissolution were unsuccessful due to the large size and complex structure of the bezoars. An innovative approach using snare-tip electrocautery was then employed. It successfully penetrated the slippery, hard surface of the bezoars and fragmented them into smaller pieces. The patient was subsequently treated with Coca-Cola ingestion, enzyme supplements, and proton pump inhibitors. He was discharged without complications following the endoscopic sessions.
CONCLUSION
Snare-tip electrocautery is a safe, cost-effective, and minimally invasive alternative for managing large, refractory gastric bezoars. This is a valuable option in resource-limited settings.
Management and rationalised fertilisation of improved commercial production of potato mini-tubers
Authors: Chauruka D. , Zvobgo G. , Mugabe J. , Mateva K. I. , Mavuka R. , Magama F. , Dimbi S. 
Published: January 2025

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important income earner and food security crop for many communities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In Zimbabwe, mini-tubers are the commonly preferred as planting material, owing to their production under disease-free conditions. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of plant density, frequency of hilling and fertiliser regime, on commercial production of potato mini-tubers. A temperature-controlled greenhouse study was conducted at the Kutsaga Research Station in Zimbabwe; using Diamond potato variety. Treatments included plant density (375, 200 and 100 plants m-2), hilling (4 hilling intervals) and fertiliser regime (2 fertiliser regimes: 1 = supplemented with sulphate of potash; and 2 = supplement ammonium nitrate). The treatments were laid out in a completely randomised design, in a split-spilt plot arrangement; and set up repeated four times. Disease-free 28-day old potato plantlets were obtained from a tissue culture facility at Kutsaga Research Station, and planted in pots filled with Kutsaga soilless Growmixultra growth media. Plant density had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the mini-tuber size, with the highest plant density (375 plants m-2) having the most mini-tubers with sizes < 20 mm. Frequency of hilling only affected mini-tuber size, but not number of mini-tubers produced. Of the two fertiliser application regimes used, fertiliser regime 1 (High C, AN and SOP) had a significant effect on the survival of the potato plantlets and on the size of the mini-tubers. In a nutshell, in order to maximum mini-tuber production, a plantlet population density of 100 plants m-2, with weekly intervals of hilling under fertiliser regime 1, should be maintained to obtain the most viable commercial treatment combination.
Unravelling the Effects of Perceived Severity of Penalties on Income Tax Compliance for Tanzanian Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Munguasifiwe Priscus , Mbogela Cosmas , Kiria Joseph 
Published: January 2025

Enhancing tax compliance behaviour among SMEs will improve revenue collection, thus enable government to finance social-economic welfare of its citizens. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of perceived severity of penalties on individual income tax compliance among Tanzanian Small and Medium Enterprises. A cross-sectional survey of 382 SMEs was conducted in six tax regions of Tanzania – Kinondoni, Kariakoo, Temeke, Mtwara, Singida and Tabora, selected using simple random technique. Descriptive and Partial Least Square Equation Modelling were used for data analysis. The findings of the study show that perceived severity of penalties has positive and significant effects on the decision of the individual to register with the tax system and make correct declaration of income. On the other hand, it has a positive, but insignificant effect on the decision of the taxpayer to pay taxes within due dates. The findings imply that penalties are more effective in enhancing compliance behaviour at the registration and declaration than on payment stage. Thus, government through the Tanzania Revenue Authority should continue to use penalties and other administrative measures including inter alia, taxpayer education, good customer care and services, to enhance tax compliance behaviour among SMEs.
The Value of Professionalism: Implication for Value for Money in Projects Implemented by Force Account Procurement Method in Tanzania
Authors: Kibona Gabriel , Kimario Honest , Kasambala Momole 
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to describe the implication of professionalism on Value for Money (VFM) in the construction projects of higher learning institutions implemented by force account procurement method in Tanzania. Positivism philosophy was employed through collection of quantifiable facts from the force account team members of the selected higher learning institutions in Tanzania. Census approach was used to approach 64 members. The data collected was analyzed using ordinal logistic regression at a confidence interval of 95%. The null hypotheses were rejected implying that knowledge, experience and integrity are the important parameters of professionalism in implementation of force account projects. Consequently, acknowledgement of professionalism in force account projects realizes VFM in construction projects. Practically this study shows how knowledge, experience and integrity of force account team members helps to realize VFM in force account projects in the context of Tanzania. Correspondingly this study has multidisciplinary contribution involving a blend of management, procurement, and project management. Theoretically, the study enlightens professionalism as a resource advantage as stipulated by ResourcesBased View Theory. Also, the study contributes to responsible management goal and that of quality education for all as encouraged by SDGs. This study limited in disclosing the link between professionalism and VFM. Contemporarily, since environmental issue is a global agenda, it is imperative to include it in this study. Also, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) champion the application of Corporate Social Responsibility. Generally, future studies should focus on the application of CSR in force account projects.
Leadership Styles and their Influence on Employees’ Job Motivation in Ludewa District Council
Authors: Mchungwa Frank Mosses , Kara Nasra 
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to look into how Tanzania's Ludewa District Council employees feel about their jobs and the impact of leadership styles. In today's society, it is difficult for firms to make the necessary investments to develop their leadership capabilities. This study aims to ascertain how Ludewa District Council employees' job motivation is impacted by the leadership styles used by the organization. Few researches are done in rural locations like Ludewa District. Studies from more urbanized locations may not fully represent the manner in which the socioeconomic, cultural, and infrastructure aspects of Ludewa District influence leadership styles and their effect on employee performance. The study specifically looks at how employees' motivation for their jobs is affected by democratic, transformational, and laissez-faire leadership philosophies. Purposive sampling was used to select representatives from among the 80 respondents whose responses were obtained through questionnaires. The analysis section uses the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software to examine research goals. The dependent variable was in the nominal scale of measurement. The study demonstrates that a democratic style of a leader inspires more motivation among Ludewa District Council staff members. It illustrates how a democratic leadership style allows for group engagement and offers all employees an equal chance of conceiving the understanding and achievement of corporate goals. In order to better suit the work environment and boost employee motivation, which in turn increases job productivity, the study advises management and leaders at the Council to adopt certain leadership styles.
Analysis and insights of groundwater quality and water quality index values with reference to different sources: a case study
Authors: Vamsi B. , Apsar Sk. , Eswar S. , Viraj G. , Chandrsekhar B. , Kiran M. Gopi 
Published: January 2025

Groundwater quality variation due to consequent changes in the standard of living of a community is of great unease owing to the fact that the groundwater is regarded as one of the significant water supply sources available. For the sustainable use of water resources and water quality management, monitoring and assessment of water quality acts a catalyst for an appropriate judgment on the water quality. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from Lingayas Institute of Management and Technology (LIMAT), Vijayawada campus and Mudirajupalem, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India for monitoring and assessing the water quality for alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, acidity and total hardness (TH) using standard methods. Very high values of pH and TDS were obtained in the groundwater collected from Mudirajupalem, which is within the vicinity of agricultural fields. Added to this, Student’s t test analysis of TDS values signposted a noteworthy P value (<0.001) for which the mean difference was substantial statistically. The groundwater collected from Mudirajupalem further affirmed that the water is unfit for drinking, which is evident from water quality index (WQI) values. This study emphasizes on implementing various locale specific rainwater garnering schemes, which is one of the solution for augmenting the groundwater recharge and maintaining the groundwater balance.
The effect of reflux ratio and feed thermal conditions on ethanol-water distillation process performance
Authors: Manyele Samwel Victor 
Published: January 2025

Demand for ethanol has increased globally due to the need for energy and consumer chemicals, necessitating use of distillation to concentrate dilute sources. This paper presents the effect of reflux ratio, number of stages, feed thermal conditions (FTCs), feed composition (XF), and feed plate location on the performance of a normal distillation column separating ethanol-water mixtures ranging between 0.1 and 0.6 mol/mol. The model was created using Aspen Plus® Software. The FTCs studied include: feed at room temperature (FRT), partially vaporized feed (PVF), feed at its boiling point (FBP), superheated vapor (SHV) and feed at dew-point (FDP). The performance factors studied were: distillate composition (XD), reboiler and condenser duties. The axial profiles of temperature and ethanol concentration in the liquid across the column revealed stronger dependence on XF in the stripping section and on feed plate location. Increasing reflux ratio increased distillate composition, reboiler and condenser duties. Increasing feed composition increased distillate composition and lowered reboiler and condenser duties depending on the FTCs. Locating the feed plate further down the column increased the distillate composition. The QR was highest for FRT while QC values were highest for FTC and SHV. The FBP led to minimum energy demands for both QR and QC. To minimize energy, switch all FTCs to FBP was recommended, with highest savings observed for switching from FRT to FBP.
Establishing a Sustainable Cardiothoracic Surgery Program in Rwanda: Conference Proceedings from the 2024 National Cardiothoracic Surgery Symposium
Authors: Ejigu Yayehyirad , Byishimo Bertrand , Twagirumukiza Emile , Neil Kara L. , Nkeshimana Menelas , Remera Eric , Musoni Maurice , Campanella Ciro , Ntaganda Evariste 
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant health challenge worldwide, particularly in low-and middle-income countries, including Rwanda.
A National Cardiothoracic Surgery Symposium was held on February 23, 2024, in Kigali, Rwanda. Bringing together key stakeholders and experts in the field, the Symposium focused on the establishment of a sustainable cardiothoracic surgery program in Rwanda.
The Symposium discussed current surgical outcomes, program sustainability, early diagnosis and follow-up strategies, and the development of a cardiovascular disease research agenda. The Symposium highlighted the progress made in identifying and managing cardiac diseases in populations of all age groups and at all levels of service delivery in Rwanda.
The Symposium concluded that Rwanda would continue to bridge knowledge gaps through education and training programs, enhance national and international multidisciplinary collaboration to meet the cardiac healthcare needs of its populations and develop a robust research agenda for informed policy planning.
PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN DESA EKOWISATA BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL (STUDY KASUS DESA TONGKE – TONGKE)
Authors: Amiruddin Amiruddin , Arifin Zulkifli 
Published: January 2025

Ekowisata merupakan bentuk berkelanjutan dari pariwisata berbasis alam, dengan dimensi sosial dan budayanya. Potensi sektor dapat meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat di tingkat lokal, desa wisata berbasis kearifan lokal merupakah salah satu upaya untuk mensinergikan antara pemerintah desa dan warga masyarakatnya untuk peduli dan berpartisipasi dalam mengelola sumberdaya wisata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggali setiap potensi dan merencanakan ekowisata berkelanjutan berbasis kearifan lokal. Penguatan metode dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dalam menginterpretasikan perspektif subjek, penguatan observasi, literatur review dan interpretasi analisis potensi. Perencanaan pengembangan desa ekowisata yang berbasis kearifan lokal diharapkan dapat meminimalisir hambatan pengembangan wisata dengan tetap mempertahankan dan menjunjung tinggi budaya lokal, sehingga memiliki penciri sesuai dengan keasliannya. Pendalamannya mengambil locus kawasan wisata Desa Tongke-Tongke, Kabupaten Sinjai, Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa elemen penting dalam perencanaan pengembangan ekowisata berbasis kearifan lokal adalah sumber daya dari pemerintah, tokoh masyarakat, kemudian partisipasi dan keterbukaan masyarakat yang sadar akan pentingnya pengetahuan untuk perencanaan pengembangan ekowisata berkelanjutan.
HUBUNGAN KINERJA PELAYANAN PUBLIK TERHADAP INDEKS KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Jaya Subhan , Solong Aras 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini berjudul Hubungan Kinerja Pelayanan PublikTerhadap Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan secara positif dan signifikan antara kinerja pelayanan publik dengan indeks kepuasan masyarakat.
Dalam penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yaitu penelitian ini memiliki tujuan sebagai penumpulan data atau bahan konkret terperinci kemudian akandilihat apakah terdapat hubungan antara kinerja pelayanan publik dengan Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat.
Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif merupakan perhitungan yang dipakai saat meneliti melalui pengukuran parameter terhadap variabel yang diteliti hingga didapatkan representasi antara masing – masing variabel yang hendak diteliti.
Hubungan kinerja pelayanan publik dengan Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat yakni memiliki hubungan yang kuat. Dimana dapat dilihat dari hasil pengujian hipotesis penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi pearson atau korelasi product moment dan didapatkan hasil bahwa nilai pearson correlation sebesar 0,756 dan berada diantara interval nilai koefisien 0,60–0,799 dengan demikian dapat di interpretasikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat antar kinerja pelayanan publik dengan indeks kepuasan masyarakat.
Hubungan secara positif dan signifikan ini dijelaskan berdasarkan pada nilai hasil uji t variabel kinerja pelayanan publik yaitu nilai thitung 11,119 yaitu > nilai ttabel 1,98397. Sehingga hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima. dan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa variabel kinerja pelayanan publik memiliki hubungan secara positif dan signifikan dengan variabel indeks kepuasan masyarakat