bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven ion-independent relative biological effectiveness modeling using the beam quality Q
Authors: Tian Liheng , Lühr Armin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Beam quality Q = Z2/E (Z = ion charge, E = energy), an alternative to the conventionally used linear energy transfer (LET), enables ion-independent modeling of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ions. Therefore, the Q concept, i.e. different ions with similar Q have similar RBE values, could help to transfer clinical RBE knowledge from better-studied ion types (e.g. carbon) to other ions. However, the validity of the Q concept has so far only been demonstrated for low LET values. In this work, the Q concept was explored in a broad LET range, including the so-called overkilling region. The particle irradiation data ensemble (PIDE) was used as experimental in vitro dataset. Data-driven models, i.e. neural network (NN) models with low complexity, were built to predict RBE values for H, He, C and Ne ions at different in vitro endpoints taking different combinations of clinically available candidate inputs: LET, Q and linear-quadratic photon parameter α
x/β
x. Models were compared in terms of prediction power and ion dependence. The optimal model was compared to published model data using the local effect model (LEM IV). The NN models performed best for the prediction of RBE at reference photon doses between 2 and 4 Gy or RBE near 10% cell survival, using only α
x/β
x and Q instead of LET as input. The Q model was not significantly ion dependent (p > 0.5) and its prediction power was comparable to that of LEM IV. In conclusion, the validity of the Q concept was demonstrated in a clinically relevant LET range including overkilling. A data-driven Q model was proposed and observed to have an RBE prediction power comparable to a mechanistic model regardless of particle type. The Q concept provides the possibility of reducing RBE uncertainty in treatment planning for protons and ions in the future by transferring clinical RBE knowledge between ions.
Kinetic mechanism and sub-ns measurements of the thermal spark in air
Authors: Minesi Nicolas Q , Mariotto Pierre B , Pannier Erwan , Vincent-Randonnier Axel , Stancu Gabi Daniel , Laux Christophe O 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This experimental and numerical study is focused on the formation of fully ionized plasmas in ambient air by nanosecond pulsed discharges, namely the thermal spark. The first contribution of this article is the experimental characterization of the electron number density during the pulse. An increase of the electron number density up to 1019 cm−3 was measured with sub-nanosecond resolution via three techniques based on optical emission spectroscopy (OES): Stark broadening of H
α
, Stark broadening of N+/O+, and the continuum emission of electrons. The discharge diameter is measured with sub-nanosecond resolution using calibrated OES of the N+ and O+ lines. All measurements indicate a transition to a micrometric-size filament of fully ionized plasma in approximately 0.5 ns. The second main contribution of this work is the development of a 0D kinetic mechanism to explain this observation. The mechanism includes 100 reactions, 12 species, and 12 excited electronic states. Particular attention is paid to modeling the N2, N2
+, N, and O electronic state kinetics using the electronic states as additional pseudo-species. Our results show that including the electron-impact ionization of the excited electronic states of N and O, in addition to those of N2, is necessary to explain the experimental results, emphasizing the key role of excited state kinetics in the thermal spark formation.
R&D of on-board metal-insulation REBCO superconducting magnet for electrodynamic suspension system
Authors: Liu Shixian , Wang Lei , Chen Yong , Wang Luzhong , Zhou Benzhe , Hu Xinning , Cheng Junsheng , Wang Qiuliang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Metal-insulation (MI) REBCO high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet has the advantages of short charging delay, low contact losses, and self-protection abilities, which shows important application prospects in many fields. Recently, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a prototype on-board MI HTS coil used for electrodynamic suspension (EDS) system working with an acceleration of beyond 8 g. To design a reliable engineering on-board magnet, specific Ic
angle dependence data of short sample under different fields were fully considered to estimate the operating margin and losses accurately of the on-board magnet. A semi-analytical method, combination of the dynamic circuit method and finite element method, was used to analyze the dynamic electromagnetic force distribution inside the on-board magnet under motion state, in which the effect of the propulsion coils and the figure-eight-shaped coils were taken into considerations. Finally, a full-size MI double pancake racetrack coil was fabricated and tested in a liquid nitrogen bath. The test results meet the design requirements and verify the feasibility of the design, which provides an important reference for the experiment of on-board EDS with high acceleration in the future.
Factors influencing the electromagnetic transmission of mercury vapor discharge plasma tube arrays
Authors: Liu Rubing , Peng Jun , Lin Liguang , Qiu Dianqing , Liu Zhen , Lin Qi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Low-pressure Mercury vapor discharge plasma tubes were used to form arrays to control electromagnetic transmission. The internal and external factors influencing a discharge tube array were adjusted to expand the electromagnetic wave manipulation ability. The plasma electron density (n
e) is the key parameter for electromagnetic wave manipulation. Microwave transmission was used to diagnose n
e under different working conditions. Simulations and electromagnetic transmission measurements were used to investigate the behavior of the effect of internal and external factors on electromagnetic transmission. Simulation results indicated that increasing n
e increased the attenuation, widened the attenuation bandwidth, and shifted the attenuation band to higher fRequencies. The experimental results showed that increasing the discharge power significantly increased n
e and widened the strong attenuation frequency band. n
e first increased and then decreased when the gas pressure was increased. The tube diameter affected both n
e and the plasma layer thickness, and the attenuation band of the plasma tube array moved to a low frequency with an increase in tube diameter. The primary and secondary order of the influence of external factors other than power on the attenuation bandwidth obtained via an orthogonal experiment is as follows: gas composition > tube diameter > pressure. The maximum attenuation bandwidth for 10 dB attenuation was 9.85 GHz. The results show that the attenuation control ability of the plasma tube array can be significantly improved by adjusting the external factors of the plasma tube.
Computational modelling of light-matter interaction in aSi with CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots and metal nanoantenna for solar cell applications
Authors: Rodhuan Mirza Basyir , Abdul-Kahar Rosmila , Ameruddin Amira Saryati , Mohd Rus Anika Zafiah , Tay Kim Gaik 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As the world population rises, energy needs are become critical. Using photovoltaic technologies like amorphous silicon solar cells (aSiSC) to harvest solar power might benefit global concern. Previous research claimed that aSiSCs were modest short-wavelength absorbers. Quantum dot (QD) may be applied to the aSiSC to enhance optical absorptions and electric fields as the QD’s bandgap is tunable, which can cover a broader electromagnetic range. This study aims are to design the 3D aSiSC with QD on the model and to investigate the optical absorption peak, electric field profiles, and light–matter interaction of the models via COMSOL Multiphysics software. From the base model, the optical absorption improved from 736 nm at 41.827% to 46.005% at 642 nm for the aSiQDSC model which developed with 0.5/3.0 nm radius of core/shell cadmium selenide/zinc sulphide (CdSe/ZnS). This study proceeded combining rectangular nanosheets gold and silver nanoantenna (Au and Ag NA) with various gap g of NA to the aSiQDSC models where g = 0.5 nm Ag NA model was presented the higher optical absorption of 47.246% at 650 nm, and electric fields of 2.53 × 1010 V nm−1. Computationally, this ultimate design is ecologically sound for solar cell applications, which allow future direction in renewable energy research and fabrication.
Validation of a plasma burn-through simulation with an ECH power absorption model in KSTAR
Authors: Lee Jeongwon , Kim Hyun-Tae , Kim Jayhyun , Hahn Sang-hee , Juhn June-Woo , Jang JuHyuk , Bak Jun-Gyo , Son SooHyun , Jung Mi , An YoungHwa , Na Yong-Su , Yoon Si-Woo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An electron cyclotron heating (ECH) power absorption model was integrated with a plasma burn-through simulator, DYON, and the new version, DYON-EC, was validated against KSTAR ECH-assist start-up experiments. The absorbed ECH power was calculated with an analytic formula which is a function of the electron density and electron temperature and ECH hardware settings, namely, the injected power, wave frequency, harmonic number, mode fraction, and beam injection angles. Wave parameter changes by wall reflection was also included to simulate multiple reflections. The absorbed ECH power was self-consistently included in the electron energy balance equation. The simulation settings of the plasma-wall interaction model and the electromagnetic scenario including the eddy current model were optimized to reproduce the plasma parameter evolution and line emission data in a pure ohmic start-up discharge. The study revealed that assumption of double-path EC beam absorption is required to reproduce a KSTAR ECH-assisted start-up discharge. Using the same optimized settings, DYON-EC modelling successfully reproduced multiple KSTAR EC-assisted discharges in a large range of operation parameters. The good statistical reproduction of measured plasma parameter evolution confirms the validity of the DYON burn-through modelling with ECH.
Tunable and giant spatial Goos–Hänchen shifts in a parity-time symmetric Cantor photonic crystals incorporated with a centered graphene layer
Authors: Barvestani Jamal , Mohammadpour Ali 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, we present the spectral features of a one-dimensional parity-time symmetric layered structure was composed of two quasi-photonic crystals which submit to the Cantor sequence and a graphene layer is embedded in the center of the quasi-crystals. Exceptional points, reflection and transmission spectra and the spatial Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts are investigated at two distinct terahertz regions in the presence and absence of the graphene layer and compared them. The effect of the modification of imaginary part of refractive index of constituting gain and loss media are also examined. Our results show that, the proposed structure display giant enhanced GS shifts which are tunable with the chemical potential of embedded graphene layer, while GH shifts are weak in the absence of graphene layer. Results display different value and sign of GH shifts for the zero and nonzero chemical potentials. Very extreme GH shifts are obtained by judicious choice of chemical potential and imaginary value of the refractive index of constituting materials. Our results display that not only the photonic bandgap edge modes, but also bandgap modes can support giant GH shifts at Terahertz frequencies. Functionally, these types of structures are very desirable for designing optoelectronic devices that can be adjusted by the amount of chemical potential.
Multiphoton excitation and high harmonic generation in rectangular graphene quantum dot
Authors: Ghazaryan A G , Sedrakian Kh V , Musayelyan G A , Markosyan T M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The multiphoton excitation and high harmonic generation (HHG) processes are considered using the microscopic quantum theory of nonlinear interaction of strong coherent electromagnetic (EM) radiation with rectangular graphene quantum dot (RGQD). The dynamic Hartree–Fock approximation is developed for the consideration of the quantum dot-laser field nonlinear interaction at the nonadiabatic multiphoton excitation regime. The many-body Coulomb interaction is described in the extended Hubbard approximation. By numerical results, we show the significance of the RGQD lateral size, shape, and EM wavefield orientation in RGQD of the zigzag edge compear to the armchair edge in the HHG process allowing for increasing the cutoff photon energy and the quantum yield of higher harmonics. The differences via edge on the elongated side of the RGQD have been explained by the investigation of the dipole momentum in both cases. Numerical results have shown that the HHG spectra have a strong anisotropy depending on the orientation of the laser wave, and the cutoff photon energy shifts toward blue with an increase in the transverse size of the RGQD.
Bioprinting of pre-vascularized constructs for enhanced in vivo neo-vascularization
Authors: Son Jeonghyun , Mohamed Hanan Jamal , Ha Won , Naren Aruzhan , Choi Cham , Kwon Yoon Hee , Park Sooah , Joung Hong-Chan , Kang Hyun-Wook 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pre-vascularization has been receiving significant attention for developing implantable engineered 3D tissues. While various pre-vascularization techniques have been developed to improve graft vascularization, the effect of pre-vascularized patterns on in vivo neo-vessel formation has not been studied. In this study, we developed a functional pre-vascularized construct that significantly promotes graft vascularization and conducted in vivo evaluations of the micro-vascular patterns (μVPs) in various printed designs. μVP formation, composed of high-density capillaries, was induced by the co-printing of endothelial cells and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). We implanted the printed constructs with various μVP designs into a murine femoral arteriovenous bundle model and evaluated graft vascularization via 3D visualization and immune-histological analysis of the neo-vessels. The μVP-distal group (μVP located away from the host vessel) showed approximately two-fold improved neo-vascularization compared to the μVP-proximal group (μVP located near the host vessel). Additionally, we confirmed that the μVP-distal group can generate the angiogenic factor gradient spatial environment for graft vascularization via computational simulations. Based on these results, the ADSC mono pattern (AMP), which secretes four times higher angiogenic factors than μVP, was added to the μVP + AMP group design. The μVP + AMP group showed approximately 1.5- and 1.9-fold higher total sprouted neo-vessel volume than the μVP only and AMP only groups, respectively. In immunohistochemical staining analysis, the μVP + AMP group showed two-fold improved density and diameter of the matured neo-vessels. To summarize, these findings demonstrate graft vascularization accelerated due to design optimization of our pre-vascularized constructs. We believe that the developed pre-vascularization printing technique will facilitate new possibilities for the upscaling of implantable engineered tissues/organs.
Enhancing Epidemiology’s Impact on Policy: Mediation by Expert Committees
Authors: Savitz David A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence is often a key source of information used by expert committees to guide policy decisions, yet epidemiologists rarely consider this audience for their research. For a better understanding of the pipeline from epidemiologic research to expert committee assessment to policy, several reports from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine were reviewed and discussed with staff and committee members. The topics of these consensus committee assessments included health behaviors, medical care, and military exposures. The focus was often on emerging issues of immediate concern for which there was little relevant research available but a need for prompt action. Committees generally sought a comprehensive assessment of potential health effects of a given product or exposure, which often included social and behavioral health outcomes that are rarely addressed by epidemiologists. To enhance epidemiology’s contribution to societal decisions, the choice of research topics should expand to consider emerging societal concerns. Research funding agencies need to be engaged as mediators between committee needs and the research community to stimulate contributory research. Improved communication of research needs to the epidemiology community would be beneficial to researchers aspiring to have an impact and to those who use epidemiologic information to help guide policy decisions.
Use of Chemical Hair Straighteners and Fecundability in a North American Preconception Cohort
Authors: Wise Lauren A , Wang Tanran R , Ncube Collette N , Lovett Sharonda M , Abrams Jasmine , Boynton-Jarrett Renée , Koenig Martha R , Geller Ruth J , Wesselink Amelia K , Coleman Chad M , Hatch Elizabeth E , James-Todd Tamarra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chemical hair straighteners (“relaxers”) are used by millions of North Americans, particularly women of color. Hair relaxers may contain endocrine-disrupting compounds, which can harm fertility. We evaluated the association between hair relaxer use and fecundability among 11,274 participants from Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a North American preconception cohort study. During 2014–2022, participants completed a baseline questionnaire in which they reported their history of relaxer use and completed follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks for 12 months or until pregnancy, whichever came first. We used multivariable-adjusted proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Relative to never use, fecundability was lower among current (FR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.03) and former (FR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98) users of hair relaxers. FRs for first use of hair relaxers at ages &lt;10, 10–19, and ≥20 years were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.96), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.04), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.98), respectively. Fecundability was lowest among those with longer durations of use (≥10 years vs. never: FR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.91) and more frequent use (≥5 times/year vs. never: FR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.60, 1.11), but associations were nonmonotonic. In this preconception cohort study, use of chemical hair straighteners was associated with slightly reduced fecundability.
A matter of availability: sharper tuning for memorized than for perceived stimulus features
Authors: Chota Samson , Gayet Surya , Kenemans J Leon , Olivers Christian N L , Van der Stigchel Stefan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Our visual environment is relatively stable over time. An optimized visual system could capitalize on this by devoting less representational resources to objects that are physically present. The vividness of subjective experience, however, suggests that externally available (perceived) information is more strongly represented in neural signals than memorized information. To distinguish between these opposing predictions, we use EEG multivariate pattern analysis to quantify the representational strength of task-relevant features in anticipation of a change-detection task. Perceptual availability was manipulated between experimental blocks by either keeping the stimulus available on the screen during a 2-s delay period (perception) or removing it shortly after its initial presentation (memory). We find that task-relevant (attended) memorized features are more strongly represented than irrelevant (unattended) features. More importantly, we find that task-relevant features evoke significantly weaker representations when they are perceptually available compared with when they are unavailable. These findings demonstrate that, contrary to what subjective experience suggests, vividly perceived stimuli elicit weaker neural representations (in terms of detectable multivariate information) than the same stimuli maintained in visual working memory. We hypothesize that an efficient visual system spends little of its limited resources on the internal representation of information that is externally available anyway.
Normal connectivity of thalamorecipient networks in barrel equivalents of the reeler cortex
Authors: Meeuwissen Anouk J M , Möck Martin , Staiger Jochen F , Guy Julien 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The reeler mouse mutant has long served as a primary model to study the development of cortical layers, which is governed by the extracellular glycoprotein reelin secreted by Cajal–Retzius cells. Because layers organize local and long-range circuits for sensory processing, we investigated whether intracortical connectivity is compromised by reelin deficiency in this model. We generated a transgenic reeler mutant (we used both sexes), in which layer 4-fated spiny stellate neurons are labeled with tdTomato and applied slice electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry with synaptotagmin-2 to study the circuitry between the major thalamorecipient cell types, namely excitatory spiny stellate and inhibitory fast-spiking (putative basket) cells. In the reeler mouse, spiny stellate cells are clustered into barrel equivalents. In these clusters, we found that intrinsic physiology, connectivity, and morphology of spiny stellate and fast-spiking, putative basket cells does not significantly differ between reeler and controls. Properties of unitary connections, including connection probability, were very comparable in excitatory cell pairs and spiny stellate/fast-spiking cell pairs, suggesting an intact excitation-inhibition balance at the first stage of cortical sensory information processing. Together with previous findings, this suggests that thalamorecipient circuitry in the barrel cortex develops and functions independently of proper cortical lamination and postnatal reelin signaling.
The human language system, including its inferior frontal component in “Broca’s area,” does not support music perception
Authors: Chen Xuanyi , Affourtit Josef , Ryskin Rachel , Regev Tamar I , Norman-Haignere Samuel , Jouravlev Olessia , Malik-Moraleda Saima , Kean Hope , Varley Rosemary , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Language and music are two human-unique capacities whose relationship remains debated. Some have argued for overlap in processing mechanisms, especially for structure processing. Such claims often concern the inferior frontal component of the language system located within “Broca’s area.” However, others have failed to find overlap. Using a robust individual-subject fMRI approach, we examined the responses of language brain regions to music stimuli, and probed the musical abilities of individuals with severe aphasia. Across 4 experiments, we obtained a clear answer: music perception does not engage the language system, and judgments about music structure are possible even in the presence of severe damage to the language network. In particular, the language regions’ responses to music are generally low, often below the fixation baseline, and never exceed responses elicited by nonmusic auditory conditions, like animal sounds. Furthermore, the language regions are not sensitive to music structure: they show low responses to both intact and structure-scrambled music, and to melodies with vs. without structural violations. Finally, in line with past patient investigations, individuals with aphasia, who cannot judge sentence grammaticality, perform well on melody well-formedness judgments. Thus, the mechanisms that process structure in language do not appear to process music, including music syntax.