bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A matrix‐free variant of the distorted Born iterative method for seismic full‐waveform inversion
Authors: Xiang Kui , Jakobsen Morten , Eikrem Kjersti Solberg , Nævdal Geir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe distorted Born iterative method reduces a nonlinear inverse scattering problem to a sequence of (ill‐posed) linear inverse scattering problems that can be solved using a regularized least‐squares formulation. This method was originally applied to two‐dimensional electromagnetic problems but has been implemented to solve acoustic and electromagnetic problems in three dimensions. It has also been applied to seismic problems but only for moderately large two‐dimensional models. Previous applications of the distorted Born iterative method to seismic inverse scattering were based on a matrix representation of the relevant integral operators. The matrix‐based implementation is simple and transparent but not very suitable for large‐scale computations since the memory requirement and computational cost scales like N2 and N3, where N is the number of grid blocks. In this paper, we introduce a matrix‐free variant of the distorted Born iterative method, which is much more suitable for large‐scale problems, since the memory requirements and computational cost have been reduced to N and Nlog(N), respectively. Our matrix‐free implementation utilizes a fast‐Fourier‐transform‐accelerated iterative method to solve the linear system that results after discretization. In the computation of Fréchet derivatives, we avoid the direct computation of Green's functions for heterogeneous media, by solving an equivalent direct scattering problem. The adjoint of the Fréchet derivative operator is also computed in an efficient matrix‐free manner, by exploiting the physical interpretation and reciprocity of the Green's function. We illustrate the potential of the matrix‐free variant of the distorted Born iterative method using synthetic waveform data for large two‐ and three‐dimensional models. The main conclusion is that the distorted Born iterative method has been transformed into a more practical tool for seismic as well as electromagnetic and acoustic nonlinear inverse scattering.
Timing of hydrologic anomalies direct impacts on migration traits in a flood pulse fishery system
Authors: Deng Qi , Sabo John L. , Holtgrieve Gordon W. , Ngor Peng Bun , Holway Joseph 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Understanding adaptive reservoir management strategies that balance ecological outcomes with other objectives necessitates properly articulated environmental objectives. Aside from flood pulse extent related metrics, residual‐based descriptors provide robust descriptions of fish assemblage structure and harvest.

We proposed a model framework based on spectral analysis of hydrologic variation and the Multivariate AutoRegressive State Space (MARSS) model to statistically quantify the effect sizes of hydrologic variation impacts on total fish catch and functional group (migration types) fish harvest and applied it to 17 years of fish harvest data from the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB).

Our findings suggest that duration and timing of hydrologic anomalies matter as much as their magnitude. Anomaly droughts coupled with strong pulse can benefit species if timed correctly. Longitudinal migrators were more sensitive to anomalous floods and droughts than other migratory species. Fish catch projections using effect sizes derived from historical data revealed that a well‐timed and protracted drought followed by a powerful flood pulse would be advantageous to the fishery, but a flood delay could negate such benefits.

Synthesis and applications: We designed a spectral analysis framework to quantify hydrological variation and linked it with fishery harvest records. Quantified effect sizes of hydrologic anomalous events demonstrated one designed hydrograph for fishery benefits: properly timed prolong drought followed by a strong flood pulse. Our results add to a growing body of research that suggests ecological flows can be engineered. For most dams, the rule curve describing reservoir releases and resulting downstream hydrograph are designed in an ecological vacuum in which the objectives are to maximize human services—power production, flood control or navigation. Our work demonstrates that hydrograph can be designed to manage aspects of functional biodiversity directly. Though the exact shape of our hydrograph may not apply to other engineered river systems, we suggest that the approach can be applied generally, and globally both to developed and developing river basins. Specifically, a functional biodiversity rule curve could be optimized as an additional objective function in a multi‐objective optimization framework. Our methodology provides a quantitative method for deriving an ecological flow for this larger tradeoff analysis.
Analysis on new occurrence records of red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) in China in 2021
Authors: Ma Chen , Zhao Shouqi , Yan Shuo , Wang Yanan , Lin Qiaoling , Fang Yan , Liu Hui , Wu Pengxiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolenopsis invicta Buren, also known as the red imported fire ant (RIFA), has had a very negative effect on biological diversity, public safety, agriculture, and economics. Because of the growth in global trade, the RIFA threat to China will continue to increase. To better understand characteristics of newly observed distributions of RIFA, we studied the effects of three factors including provincial areas, landcover types, and climatic conditions on the 130 new occurrence records in 2021. (1) We found that RIFA preferred to invade Sichuan and Guangxi, and provinces that are large agricultural producers were more vulnerable to invasive RIFA. Guangdong was the most damaged province, and wealthy provinces, especially southeastern coastal provinces, were more at risk and suffered a bigger loss from the further RIFA threat. (2) Compared with other habitats, plantations received more significant damage from invasive RIFA. (3) Areas with an annual precipitation of 516.4 mm, annual average temperature of 18.6°C, or elevation of 569.9 m had a great abundance of invasive RIFA. Our study suggests that stringent inspection and quarantine measures are necessary in new occurrence areas to prevent further RIFA outbreak, and highlights the need for cross‐provincial cooperation and national coordination to slow its spread.
Health versus environmental benefits: Does additional information influence consumer acceptance of pulse‐based spreads?
Authors: Henn Katharina , Reinbach Helene Christine , Olsen Søren Bøye , Aaslyng Margit Dall , Laugesen Susanne Margarete Bølling , Bredie Wender L. P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the known health benefits and the potential for substituting less environmentally sustainable consumed foods such as meat, the current intake of pulses in developed countries remains less than recommended. Barriers are related to sensory characteristics and lack of knowledge about preparation, while drivers of environmental benefits are intangible. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of additional information about health or environmental benefits of pulses on the acceptance of novel pulse‐based products from chickpeas, black beans, and faba beans. Perceptions of these pulse‐based spreads in a blind and informed stage were assessed with 202 consumers in urban and suburban areas of Denmark. In general, the familiar chickpea spread followed by the relatively most unfamiliar black bean spread was liked the most. Only for these two products, additional information increased hedonic perception, regardless of the context (health or environmental benefits). If consumers did not like the spread, as found for the faba bean spread, providing additional information did not significantly alter this perception. Participants’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) in a discrete choice experiment corresponded to hedonic scores, whereas providing additional information increased the WTP. These findings suggest that extrinsic cues such as health or environmental benefits may only be useful in products with an acceptable baseline taste profile. Moreover, black beans might be investigated as a promising source for further product development due to their acceptance by consumers besides being the comparably most unfamiliar pulse type.
Structure–activity relationships of antibacterial peptides
Authors: Ciulla Maria Gessica , Gelain Fabrizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides play a crucial role in innate immunity, whose components are mainly peptide‐based molecules with antibacterial properties. Indeed, the exploration of the immune system over the past 40 years has revealed a number of natural peptides playing a pivotal role in the defence mechanisms of vertebrates and invertebrates, including amphibians, insects, and mammalians. This review provides a discussion regarding the antibacterial mechanisms of peptide‐based agents and their structure–activity relationships (SARs) with the aim of describing a topic that is not yet fully explored. Some growing evidence suggests that innate immunity should be strongly considered for the development of novel antibiotic peptide‐based libraries. Also, due to the constantly rising concern of antibiotic resistance, the development of new antibiotic drugs is becoming a priority of global importance. Hence, the study and the understanding of defence phenomena occurring in the immune system may inspire the development of novel antibiotic compound libraries and set the stage to overcome drug‐resistant pathogens. Here, we provide an overview of the importance of peptide‐based antibacterial sources, focusing on accurately selected molecular structures, their SARs including recently introduced modifications, their latest biotechnology applications, and their potential against multi‐drug resistant pathogens. Last, we provide cues to describe how antibacterial peptides show a better scope of action selectivity than several anti‐infective agents, which are characterized by non‐selective activities and non‐targeted actions toward pathogens.
Druid Drone—A portable unmanned aerial vehicle with a multifunctional manipulator for forest canopy and mistletoe research and management
Authors: Krasylenko Yuliya , Rydlo Karol , Atamas Natalia , Sosnovsky Yevhen , Horielov Oleksii , Maceček Ivo , Šamajová Olga , Ovečka Miroslav , Takáč Tomáš , Šamaj Jozef 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The forest canopy, as a biodiversity hotspot with many wildlife habitats, remains a difficult site to access for researchers and forest managers.

Here, we present a novel, small, unmanned aerial vehicle, called the Druid Drone (DD), equipped with a multifunctional manipulator designed for tree crown management and biodiversity research. Its use is demonstrated by studies and the control of the widespread, obligatory hemiparasitic European mistletoe (Viscum album L.). The DD provides integrated pest management by canopy surveying, spraying and sampling of leaves/branches for further studies.

The pilot and operator, using first person view goggles, handle the lightweight backpack‐sized drone (DJI Mavic 2 Pro, Air 2, Phantom 3 or custom Rotorama quadcopter) equipped with a manipulator and five replaceable 3D‐printed functional modules. These include the peripheral high‐resolution Observer camera for close, non‐invasive inspection of tree crowns, the entomological Collector unit for arthropod trapping, the forceps arm Sampler for soft plant tissue collection, the terminal Secator saw for cutting harder tree tissues such as twigs and the Green Doctor precision sprayer, which disperses growth regulators or other compounds for targeted tree and mistletoe management.

This method offers a potential solution for safe, precise and minimally invasive research on forest canopy biodiversity in different forest types across the globe, tree health care and mistletoe management as compared to the manual work of arborists or the use of canopy cranes, forest helicopters and firearms.
Age‐dependent NMDA receptor function is regulated by the amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Rajão‐Saraiva Joana , Dunot Jade , Ribera Aurore , Temido‐Ferreira Mariana , Coelho Joana E. , König Svenja , Moreno Sébastien , Enguita Francisco J. , Willem Michael , Kins Stefan , Marie Hélène , Lopes Luísa V. , Pousinha Paula A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are critical for the maturation and plasticity of glutamatergic synapses. In the hippocampus, NMDARs mainly contain GluN2A and/or GluN2B regulatory subunits. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) has emerged as a putative regulator of NMDARs, but the impact of this interaction to their function is largely unknown. By combining patch‐clamp electrophysiology and molecular approaches, we unravel a dual mechanism by which APP controls GluN2B‐NMDARs, depending on the life stage. We show that APP is highly abundant specifically at the postnatal postsynapse. It interacts with GluN2B‐NMDARs, controlling its synaptic content and mediated currents, both in infant mice and primary neuronal cultures. Upon aging, the APP amyloidogenic‐derived C‐terminal fragments, rather than APP full‐length, contribute to aberrant GluN2B‐NMDAR currents. Accordingly, we found that the APP processing is increased upon aging, both in mice and human brain. Interfering with stability or production of the APP intracellular domain normalized the GluN2B‐NMDARs currents. While the first mechanism might be essential for synaptic maturation during development, the latter could contribute to age‐related synaptic impairments.
Global hypomethylation in childhood asthma identified by genome‐wide DNA‐methylation sequencing preferentially affects enhancer regions
Authors: Thürmann Loreen , Klös Matthias , Mackowiak Sebastian D. , Bieg Matthias , Bauer Tobias , Ishaque Naveed , Messingschlager Marey , Herrmann Carl , Röder Stefan , Bauer Mario , Schäuble Sascha , Faessler Erik , Hahn Udo , Weichenhan Dieter , Mücke Oliver , Plass Christoph , Borte Michael , von Mutius Erika , Stangl Gabriele I. , Lauener Roger , Karvonen Anne M. , Divaret‐Chauveau Amandine , Riedler Josef , Heinrich Joachim , Standl Marie , von Berg Andrea , Schaaf Beate , Herberth Gunda , Kabesch Michael , Eils Roland , Trump Saskia , Lehmann Irina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood asthma is a result of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental components causing epigenetic and immune dysregulation, airway inflammation and impaired lung function. Although different microarray based EWAS studies have been conducted, the impact of epigenetic regulation in asthma development is still widely unknown. We have therefore applied unbiased whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to characterize global DNA‐methylation profiles of asthmatic children compared to healthy controls.MethodsPeripheral blood samples of 40 asthmatic and 42 control children aged 5–15 years from three birth cohorts were sequenced together with paired cord blood samples. Identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were categorized in genotype‐associated, cell‐type‐dependent, or prenatally primed. Network analysis and subsequent natural language processing of DMR‐associated genes was complemented by targeted analysis of functional translation of epigenetic regulation on the transcriptional and protein level.ResultsIn total, 158 DMRs were identified in asthmatic children compared to controls of which 37% were related to the eosinophil content. A global hypomethylation was identified affecting predominantly enhancer regions and regulating key immune genes such as IL4, IL5RA, and EPX. These DMRs were confirmed in n = 267 samples and could be linked to aberrant gene expression. Out of the 158 DMRs identified in the established phenotype, 56 were perturbed already at birth and linked, at least in part, to prenatal influences such as tobacco smoke exposure or phthalate exposure.ConclusionThis is the first epigenetic study based on whole genome sequencing to identify marked dysregulation of enhancer regions as a hallmark of childhood asthma.
The “salt” of life
Authors: Hervouet‐Zeiber Grégoire 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 2015, during the cease‐fire in Ukraine, Misha, a Cossack, a veteran of Afghanistan and Chechnya, and a “volunteer” in the ongoing war, waited impatiently to be called back to the front, smoking in his truck parked across from his apartment in St. Petersburg. Misha's commitment to a life of combat is an invitation to think of war not as an interruption of ordinary life but as an ongoing, corroding presence in contemporary Russia. In turn, his truck's liminality, moving between home and front, pushes us to reconsider domesticity in its relationship to this ongoing presence of war. From the perspective of Russia, domesticity does not appear to be an obvious object of aspiration and a stable space of return “after war.” More poignantly, domesticity turns out to constitute the shifting ground of relationships at play when people negotiate ethical commitments and achieve a form of attachment to life—what Misha called the “taste” or the “salt” of life.
Imaging biomarkers of leukaemic choroidopathy
Authors: Menean Matteo , Apuzzo Aurelio , Mastaglio Sara , Bernardi Massimo , Ciceri Fabio , Modorati Giulio , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Bandello Francesco , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo longitudinally investigate choroidal and choriocapillaris perfusion metrics and the number of choroidal hyperreflective foci (HRF) in patients with acute leukaemia (AL) before and after disease remission and to correlate these metrics with systemic parameters during active disease.MethodsProspective, longitudinal study of 26 eyes of 14 AL patients. All patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT‐angiography (OCTA) in the acute phase. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), total, luminal and stromal choroidal area (TCA, LCA, SCA), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), choriocapillaris flow deficits (cFD) density, and choroidal HRF number were computed. In a subset, the measurements were repeated after AL remission. Age‐ and gender‐matched 26 healthy controls were recruited for cross‐sectional comparisons.ResultsPatient's mean age was 59 ± 12 years. The TCA, LCA, SCA and choroidal HRF number were significantly higher in patients than controls (p = 0.028, p = 0.044, p = 0.024 and p = 0.001, respectively). Lower haemoglobin levels were associated with lower CT (r = 0.58, p = 0.008). Higher D‐dimer values were associated with lower TCA (r = −0.52, p = 0.008), lower LCA (r = −0.50, p = 0.006), higher cFD density (r = 0.41, p = 0.044) and higher choroidal HRF number (r = 0.47, p = 0.008). The CT, TCA, SCA and choroidal HRF number significantly reduced after AL remission (p = 0.001, p = 0.047, p = 0.007 and p = 0.002 respectively). The CVI increased significantly compared to the active phase (p = 0.013).ConclusionThe study demonstrates a subclinical choroidal involvement in patients with AL, with relative stromal thickening in the acute phase, and normalization after disease remission. Choroidal HRF were identified as a biomarker of leukaemic choroidopathy. Choriocapillaris and choroidal vascularity were inversely correlated with a systemic pro‐coagulant state.
Effect of forest structure and management on the functional diversity and composition of understorey plant communities
Authors: Bricca Alessandro , Bonari Gianmaria , Padullés Cubino Josep , Cutini Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuestionsDo forest structural parameters related to stand heterogeneity enhance functional diversity (FD) of understorey plant communities? Do FD and functional composition of understorey plant communities vary between high‐forest (HF) and old coppices‐with‐standard (oldCWS) management types? Are HF stands characterized by a higher FD than oldCWS?LocationSubmediterranean beech forests of Montagne della Duchessa Reserve (central Italy).MethodsWe sampled 57 (20 m × 20 m) forest plots, 29 oldCWS and 28 HF stands, where we recorded plant species cover abundance. We used Leaf–Height–Seed and clonal traits, and run multiple separate linear models to quantify the effect of forest structural parameters and management types on FD and functional composition of understorey plant communities.ResultsWe found that increasing lying deadwood enhanced FD of specific leaf area (SLA) through micro‐environmental heterogeneity of soil fertility regardless of management type. We also found that increased horizontal stratification filtered the range of plant sizes, probably through light reduction. HF management enhanced FD of SLA and clonal traits through micro‐environmental heterogeneity, while reducing the FD of plant size and seed mass. HF tended to select plant communities characterized by high resource acquisition strategies but lower persistence between ramets, possibly as an effect of more mature forest conditions.ConclusionOur study suggests that understorey plant community diversity and composition change in response to forest structure and management. Combining Leaf–Height–Seed with clonal traits offers a promising framework for understanding and predicting plant response to management practices.
ComBiNet: Visual Query and Comparison of Bipartite Multivariate Dynamic Social Networks
Authors: Pister A. , Prieur C. , Fekete J.‐D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present ComBiNet, a visualization, query, and comparison system for exploring bipartite multivariate dynamic social networks. Historians and sociologists study social networks constructed from textual sources mentioning events related to people, such as marriage acts, birth certificates and contracts. We model this type of data using bipartite multivariate dynamic networks to maintain a representation faithful to the original sources while not too complex. Relying on this data model, ComBiNet allows exploring networks using both visual and textual queries using the Cypher language, the two being synchronized to specify queries using the most suitable modality; simple queries are easy to express visually and can be refined textually when they become complex. These queries are used for applying topological and attribute‐based selection on the network. Query results are visualized in the context of the whole network and over a geographical map for geolocalized entities. We also present the design of our interaction techniques for querying social networks to visually compare the selections in terms of topology, measures and attribute distributions. We validate the query and comparison systems by showing how they have been used to answer historical questions and by explaining how they have been improved through a usability study conducted with historians.