bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant oil discoveries and conflicts
Authors: Chisadza Carolyn , Clance Matthew , Gupta Rangan , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of oil discoveries on conflict. We propose that the effects from oil discoveries may differ depending on types of conflicts, mainly interstate versus intrastate. Using a measure for oil discoveries for a global panel of countries between 1970 and 2012, we find a positive association between oil discoveries and both conflict types, controlling for other conflict determinants and unobserved heterogeneity. However, we observe that the effects on intrastate conflicts are evident within a year of discovering the oil, while the effects on interstate conflicts only become evident after five years of the discovery. We also find that within intrastate conflicts, the results are mainly driven by the effects on ethnic conflicts. The findings imply that there may be different mechanisms at play for interstate versus intrastate conflicts related to resource discoveries. For example, resource-induced inequality can aggravate already existing tensions between groups in society, which can result in internal conflict soon after discovering the resource. On the other hand, the feasibility of engaging in conflict with a neighbouring resource-rich country depends on fighting capacity and mobilising resources, which can delay interstate conflicts. Overall, we believe the results from this study will provide some further understanding to the dynamics involving natural resources and types of conflict.
Public Awareness, Attitude and Empathy Regarding the Management of Surplus Dairy Calves
Authors: Herrler Mareike , Chagunda Mizeck G. G. , Stroebele-Benschop Nanette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMedia reports are increasingly drawing attention to animal welfare issues related to surplus calves in dairy farming. Most calves born on conventional or organic dairy farms in Baden-Wuerttemberg (southern Germany) which are not needed for breeding or as replacement heifers are sold at about two to five weeks of age to conventional fattening farms located in northern Germany or other European countries. Associated animal welfare concerns pose an ethical issue, especially for organic dairy farms. In the present study, a representative online survey (N = 918) in south-west Germany is conducted to investigate public’s awareness of issues related to dairy calves and their attitude towards various aspects of calf management. Regression analysis was used to examine whether public’s awareness of animal welfare issues, attitude toward calf management, and empathy with surplus dairy calves are associated with consumption frequency of organic, dairy and beef/veal products. Results indicate that most members of the public are aware of only a few common practices in dairy calf rearing but they are concerned about the well-being of dairy calves and have compassion for these animals. Organic food consumption frequency was linked to participants’ age, income, attitude, and awareness of issues. Consumption frequency of beef/veal products was related to gender, presence of children, attitude, and empathy, whereas dairy product consumption frequency was associated with income, presence of children, and problem awareness. This seems to indicate that members of the public are not aware of the link between dairy and meat industries - or that this awareness is not reflected in their consumption behavior.
Correlation of myocardial strain by CMR-feature tracking with substrate abnormalities detected by electro-anatomical mapping in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Raja Deep Chandh , Samarawickrema Indira , Srinivasan Jaganaathan Raman , Menon SaratKrishna , Das Souvik Kumar , Jain Sanjiv , Tuan Lukah Q. , Desjardins Benoit , Marchlinski Francis E. , Abhayaratna Walter P. , Sanders Prashanthan , Pathak Rajeev K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) detected by cardiac MRI (CMR) has low correlation with low voltage zones (LVZs) detected by electroanatomical mapping (EAM). We aim to study correlation of myocardial strain by CMR- Feature Tracking (FT) alongside LGE with LVZs detected by EAM.

Methods
Nineteen consecutive CMRs of patients with EAM were analyzed offline by CMR-FT. Peak value of circumferential strain (CS), longitudinal strain (LS), and LGE was measured in each segment of the left ventricle (17-segment model). The percentage of myocardial segments with CS and LS > −17% was determined. Percentage area of LGE-scar was calculated. Global and segment–wise bipolar and unipolar voltage was collected. Percentage area of bipolar LVZ (<1.5 mV) and unipolar LVZ (<8.3 mV) was calculated.

Results
Mean age was 62±11 years. Mean LVEF was 37±13%. Mean global CS was −11.8±5%. Mean global LS was −11.2±4%. LGE-scar was noted in 74% of the patients. Mean percentage area of LGE-scar was 5%. There was significant correlation between percentage abnormality detected by LS with percentage bipolar LVZ (r = +0.5, p = 0.03) and combined percentage CS+LS abnormality with percentage unipolar LVZ (r = +0.5, p = 0.02). Per-unit increase in CS increased the percentage area of unipolar LVZ by 2.09 (p = 0.07) and per-unit increase in LS increased the percentage area of unipolar LVZ by 2.49 (p = 0.06). The concordance rates between CS and LS to localize segments with bipolar/unipolar LVZ were 79% and 95% compared to 63% with LGE.

Conclusions
Myocardial strain detected by CMR-FT has a better correlation with electrical low voltage zones than the conventional LGE.
Chicken pituitary transcriptomic responses to acute heat stress
Authors: Pritchett Elizabeth M. , Van Goor Angelica , Schneider Blair K. , Young Meaghan , Lamont Susan J. , Schmidt Carl J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Poultry production is vulnerable to increasing temperatures in terms of animal welfare and in economic losses. With the predicted increase in global temperature and the number and severity of heat waves, it is important to understand how chickens raised for food respond to heat stress. This knowledge can be used to determine how to select chickens that are adapted to thermal challenge. As neuroendocrine organs, the hypothalamus and pituitary provide systemic regulation of the heat stress response.

Methods and Results
Here we report a transcriptome analysis of the pituitary response to acute heat stress. Chickens were stressed for 2 h at 35 °C (HS) and transcriptomes compared with birds maintained in thermoneutral temperatures (25 °C).

Conclusions
The observations were evaluated in the context of ontology terms and pathways to describe the pituitary response to heat stress. The pituitaries of heat stressed birds exhibited responses to hyperthermia through altered expression of genes coding for chaperones, cell cycle regulators, cholesterol synthesis, transcription factors, along with the secreted peptide hormones, prolactin, and proopiomelanocortin.
SFILES 2.0: an extended text-based flowsheet representation
Authors: Vogel Gabriel , Hirtreiter Edwin , Schulze Balhorn Lukas , Schweidtmann Artur M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSFILES are a text-based notation for chemical process flowsheets. They were originally proposed by d’Anterroches (Process flow sheet generation & design through a group contribution approach) who was inspired by the text-based SMILES notation for molecules. The text-based format has several advantages compared to flowsheet images regarding the storage format, computational accessibility, and eventually for data analysis and processing. However, the original SFILES version cannot describe essential flowsheet configurations unambiguously, such as the distinction between top and bottom products. Neither is it capable of describing the control structure required for the safe and reliable operation of chemical processes. Also, there is no publicly available software for decoding or encoding chemical process topologies to SFILES. We propose the SFILES 2.0 with a complete description of the extended notation and naming conventions. Additionally, we provide open-source software for the automated conversion between flowsheet graphs and SFILES 2.0 strings. This way, we hope to encourage researchers and engineers to publish their flowsheet topologies as SFILES 2.0 strings. The ultimate goal is to set the standards for creating a FAIR database of chemical process flowsheets, which would be of great value for future data analysis and processing.
Fractional Higher Differentiability for Solutions of Stationary Stokes and Navier-Stokes Systems with Orlicz Growth
Authors: Giannetti Flavia , Passarelli di Napoli Antonia , Scheven Christoph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider weak solutions $(u,\pi ):{\Omega }\to \mathbb {R}^{n}\times \mathbb {R}$
(
u
,
π
)
:
Ω
→

ℝ

n

×
ℝ
to stationary ϕ-Navier-Stokes systems of the type $ \left \{ \begin {array}{ll} -\mathrm {div~} a(x,\mathcal {E} u)+\nabla \pi +[Du]u=f \\ \mathrm {div~} u=0 \end {array} \right . $

−
div

a
(
x
,
E
u
)
+
∇
π
+
[
D
u
]
u
=
f

div

u
=
0

in ${\Omega }\subset \mathbb {R}^{n}$
Ω
⊂

ℝ

n

, and to the corresponding ϕ-Stokes systems, in which the convective term [Du]u does not appear. In the above system, the function a(x,ξ) depends Hölder continuously on x and satisfies growth conditions with respect to the second variable expressed through a Young function ϕ. The notation $\mathcal {E} u$
E
u
is used for the symmetric part of the gradient Du. We prove results on the fractional higher differentiability of both the symmetric part of the gradient $\mathcal {E} u$
E
u
and of the pressure π.
Validating the Teacher Sexuality Education Questionnaire Scales to Assess Educators’ Preparedness to Deliver CSE to Young People with Disabilities
Authors: Carpenter Bradley , Bakaroudis Maria , Hanass-Hancock Jill 
Published: May 2023

AbstractComprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is instrumental in ensuring that young people have the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions and practice safer sex. Worryingly, CSE is often not available to adolescents and young with disabilities. The Breaking the Silence (BtS) approach to CSE was developed to address this gap and help equip educators to teach CSE to adolescents and young people with disabilities. The TSE-Q was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the BtS approach and monitor changes in educators’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, self-confidence, and preparedness to teach CSE to young people with disabilities. The TSE-Q is aligned with an adapted version of the theory of planned behavior. This is a second validation study of the TSE-Q embedded within a feasibility study for the BtS approach. Fifty educators and support staff from two South African special schools for people with disability participated in a BtS training workshop and completed the TSE-Q before and after the workshop. Additionally, participants were asked to complete an adapted version of Rowe, Oxman, and O’Brien’s validity questionnaire probing content validity, face validity, and ease of use. Baseline data from the TSE-Q was evaluated for reliability, while the validity questionnaire and verbal feedback were used to assess validity. Most scales show good reliability, but knowledge-based scales have lower reliability due to their multidimensionality. The TSE-Q shows good face validity, content validity, and ease of use, but should be done on different days to any intervention/training. Overall, the TSE-Q is a robust questionnaire with good content coverage.
Waste iron as a robust and ecological catalyst for decomposition industrial dyes under UV irradiation
Authors: Ścieżyńska Dominika , Bury Dominika , Jakubczak Michał , Bogacki Jan , Jastrzębska Agnieszka , Marcinowski Piotr 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn an era of increasing environmental awareness, it is very important to work towards eliminating or at least reducing as many harmful industrial substances as possible. However, the implementation of green chemistry methods for wastewater treatment can be difficult especially due to complexity, the high cost of reagents, and the required long process time. This paper focuses on using waste iron (WI) to remove two kinds of amaranth dye commonly used in industry. To enhance the process, UV irradiation and hydrogen peroxide were used. The novelty of the research was the use of efficient and reusable WI as a heterogeneous catalyst in the process. WI material characteristics was done before and after the process using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Zeta potential, size characterization, circularity, and direct band gap were also determined. As a result of treatment complete decolorization of both dyes was achieved, as well as 99% absorbance removal after 15-min process time. The total organic carbon (TOC) decrease after 60-min process time was in the range from 86.6 to 89.8%. Modified pseudo-second-order reaction reflects obtained results of treatment efficiency. Treatment results, confirmed by WI material characterization, indicate satisfactory stability of the catalyst and good oxidation capacity.
Determining half-life of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in respiratory secretion
Authors: Guang Yang , Hui Liu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is primarily transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets and aerosols. It is also possible for the virus to be transmitted indirectly through environmental contamination. The likelihood of environmental transmission depends on several factors, including the survival time of the virus in respiratory secretions. However, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory secretions has not been investigated. In this study, we compared the half-life of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen in respiratory secretion under different conditions. We applied respiratory secretion (5 µL) to glass slides, air-dried the slides for 1 h, and kept them at 24 °C or 4 °C for 10 days. Respiratory secretions were also placed in test tubes (sealed to preserve moisture) and in normal saline for 10 days. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in all samples was simultaneously measured using colloidal gold immunochromatography, and the half-life of the antigen was calculated. The half-life of the antigen in the wet (sealed tube) and saline samples at room temperature was 5.0 and 2.92 days, respectively. The half-life of the antigen in the air-dried sample at room temperature and at 4 °C was 2.93 and 11.4 days, respectively. The half-life was longer in respiratory secretions than that in normal saline. The half-life was also longer in respiratory secretions, at a lower temperature, and under wet conditions. Therefore, environmental transmission can also play a significant role in the spread of the virus. Robust prevention and control strategies could be developed based on the half-life of the antigen in respiratory secretions.
How to prevent technostress at the digital workplace: a Delphi study
Authors: Berger Michelle , Schäfer Ricarda , Schmidt Marco , Regal Christian , Gimpel Henner 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTechnostress is a rising issue in the changing world of digital work. Technostress can cause severe adverse outcomes for individuals and organizations. Thus, organizations face the moral, legal, and economic responsibility to prevent employees’ excessive technostress. As technostress develops over time, it is crucial to prevent it throughout the process of its emergence instead of only reacting after adverse outcomes occur. Contextualizing the Theory of Preventive Stress management to technostress, we synthesize and advance existing knowledge on inhibiting technostress. We develop a set of 24 technostress prevention measures from technostress inhibitor literature, other technostress literature, and based on qualitative and quantitative contributions from a Delphi study. Based on expert feedback, we characterize each measure and, where possible, assess its relevance in addressing specific technostressors. Our paper contributes to research by transferring the Theory of Preventive Stress Management into the context of technostress and presenting specific measures to prevent technostress. This offers a complementary view to technostress inhibitors by expanding the theoretical grounding and adding a time perspective through the implementation of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention measures. For practice, we offer a comprehensive and applicable overview of measures organizations can implement to prevent technostress.
Just Transition on air quality governance: a case study of heavy-duty diesel truck protests in Taiwan
Authors: Walther David , Chou Kuei-Tien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJust Transitions are gaining attention in environmental research, and most studies have focused on climate change; however, the insights from this work may be usefully applied to the rarely discussed area in just transition studies. This article uses traditional dimensions of environmental and social justice, such as distributive, procedural, recognition, and restorative justice, to understand why heavy-duty diesel truck drivers fought back against stricter air pollution regulations while demanding destigmatization. The protest resulted in policy failure, and Taiwan’s transition to cleaner, newer diesel trucks were halted. This study finds that the key social contextual factor in Taiwan’s transportation industry was the labor relations of license-leasing. The drivers’ protest began with a lack of procedural justice, and communication occurred only after the law was passed. There was insufficient regard for procedural justice, and although the drivers were concerned, the new rule would significantly impact their right to work and life. Furthermore, the drivers felt disrespected and even carried the stigma of creating environmental pollution. The article assumes that the results should be different if the governance mechanism can handle the key factor in a social context and make appropriate arrangements for the four dimensions of Just Transition. This argument may be relevant for other countries looking to transition from older diesel vehicles to cleaner vehicles through Just Transition.
Carbon, cash, cattle and the climate crisis
Authors: Bilotto Franco , Christie-Whitehead Karen Michelle , Malcolm Bill , Harrison Matthew Tom 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile society increasingly demands emissions abatement from the livestock sector, farmers are concurrently being forced to adapt to an existential climate crisis. Here, we examine how stacking together multiple systems adaptations impacts on the productivity, profitability and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of livestock production systems under future climates underpinned by more frequent extreme weather events. Without adaptation, we reveal that soil carbon sequestration (SCS) in 2050 declined by 45–133%, heralding dire ramifications for CO2 removal aspirations associated with SCS in nationally determined contributions. Across adaptation-mitigation bundles examined, mitigation afforded by SCS from deep-rooted legumes was lowest, followed by mitigation from status quo SCS and woody vegetation, and with the greatest mitigation afforded by adoption of enteric methane inhibitor vaccines. Our results (1) underline a compelling need for innovative, disruptive technologies that dissect the strong, positive coupling between productivity and GHG emissions, (2) enable maintenance or additional sequestration of carbon in vegetation and soils under the hotter and drier conditions expected in future, and (3) illustrate the importance of holistically assessing systems to account for pollution swapping, where mitigation of one type of GHG (e.g., enteric methane) can result in increased emissions of another (e.g., CO2). We conclude that transdisciplinary participatory modelling with stakeholders and appropriate bundling of multiple complementary adaptation-mitigation options can simultaneously benefit production, profit, net emissions and emissions intensity.
Epistemic and Non-epistemic Values in Earthquake Engineering
Authors: Zanetti Luca , Chiffi Daniele , Petrini Lorenza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe importance of epistemic values in science is universally recognized, whereas the role of non-epistemic values is sometimes considered disputable. It has often been argued that non-epistemic values are more relevant in applied sciences, where the goals are often practical and not merely scientific. In this paper, we present a case study concerning earthquake engineering. So far, the philosophical literature has considered various branches of engineering, but very rarely earthquake engineering. We claim that the assessment of seismic hazard models is sensitive to both epistemic and non-epistemic values. In particular, we argue that the selection and evaluation of these models are justified by epistemic values, even if they may be contingently influenced by non-epistemic values. By contrast, the aggregation of different models into an ensemble is justified by non-epistemic values, even if epistemic values may play an instrumental role in the attainment of these non-epistemic values. A careful consideration of the different epistemic and non-epistemic values at play in the choice of seismic hazard models is thus practically important when alternative models are available and there is uncertainty in the scientific community about which model should be used.
Natural and Pathological Aging Distinctively Impacts the Pheromone Detection System and Social Behavior
Authors: Portalés Adrián , Chamero Pablo , Jurado Sandra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNormal aging and many age-related disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease cause deficits in olfaction; however, it is currently unknown how natural and pathological aging impacts the detection of social odors which might contribute to the impoverishment of social behavior at old age further worsening overall health. Analysis of the vomeronasal organ, the main gateway to pheromone-encoded information, indicated that natural and pathological aging distinctively affects the neurogenic ability of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. Whereas cell proliferation remained majorly preserved in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, naturally aged animals exhibited significant deficiencies in the number of mature, proliferative, and progenitor cells. These alterations may support age-related deficits in the recognition of social cues and the display of social behavior. Our findings indicate that aging disrupts the processing of social olfactory cues decreasing social odor exploration, discrimination, and habituation in both wild-type senescent (2-year-old) mice and in 1-year-old double mutant model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1). Furthermore, social novelty was diminished in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, indicating that alterations in the processing of social cues are accelerated during pathological aging. This study reveals fundamental differences in the cellular processes by which natural and pathological aging disrupts the exploration of social information and social behavior.