bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered brain structural and functional connectivity in cannabis users
Authors: Soleimani Najme , Kazemi Kamran , Helfroush Mohammad Sadegh , Aarabi Ardalan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCannabis is one of the most used and commodified illicit substances worldwide, especially among young adults. The neurobiology mechanism of cannabis is yet to be identified particularly in youth. The purpose of this study was to concurrently measure alterations in brain structural and functional connectivity in cannabis users using resting-state functional magnetic resonance images (rs-fMRI) and diffusion-weighted images (DWI) from a group of 73 cannabis users (age 22–36, 19 female) in comparison with 73 healthy controls (age 22–36, 14 female) from Human Connectome Project (HCP). Several significant differences were observed in local structural/functional network measures (e.g. degree and clustering coefficient), being prominent in the insular and frontal opercular cortex and lateral/medial temporal cortex. The rich-club organization of structural networks revealed a normal trend, distributed within bilateral frontal, temporal and occipital regions. However, minor differences were found between the two groups in the superior and inferior temporal gyri. Functional rich-club nodes were mostly located within parietal and posterior areas, with minor differences between the groups found mainly in the centro-temporal and parietal regions. Regional network measures of structural/functional networks were associated with times used cannabis (TUC) in several regions. Although the structural/functional network in both groups showed small-world property, no differences between cannabis users and healthy controls were found regarding the global network measures, showing no association with cannabis use. After FDR correction, all of the significant associations between network measures and TUC were found to be insignificant, except for the association between degree and TUC within the presubiculum region. To recap, our findings revealed alterations in local topological properties of structural and functional networks in cannabis users, although their global brain network organization remained intact.
Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories under deforestation pressure
Authors: Silva-Junior Celso H. L. , Silva Fabrício B. , Arisi Barbara Maisonnave , Mataveli Guilherme , Pessôa Ana C. M. , Carvalho Nathália S. , Reis João B. C. , Silva Júnior Admo R. , Motta Nathalia A. C. S. , e Silva Paulo Vinícius Moreira , Ribeiro Francarlos Diniz , Siqueira-Gay Juliana , Alencar Ane , Saatchi Sassan , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. , Anderson Liana O. , Melo Maycon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudies showed that Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories (ITs) are efficient models for preserving forests by reducing deforestation, fires, and related carbon emissions. Considering the importance of ITs for conserving socio-environmental and cultural diversity and the recent climb in the Brazilian Amazon deforestation, we used official remote sensing datasets to analyze deforestation inside and outside indigenous territories within Brazil's Amazon biome during the 2013–2021 period. Deforestation has increased by 129% inside ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas. In 2019–2021, deforestation was 195% higher and 30% farther from the borders towards the interior of indigenous territories than in previous years (2013–2018). Furthermore, about 59% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within ITs in 2013–2021 (96 million tons) occurred in the last three years of analyzed years, revealing the magnitude of increasing deforestation to climate impacts. Therefore, curbing deforestation in indigenous territories must be a priority for the Brazilian government to secure these peoples' land rights, ensure the forests' protection and regulate the global climate.
Examining chronic disease onset across varying age groups of Indian adults using competing risk analysis
Authors: Rashmi Rashmi , Mohanty Sanjay K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn low-and-middle-income countries, people develop chronic diseases at a younger age, leading to health-and-economic loss. Estimates of the age of onset of chronic disease provide evidence for policy intervention, but in the Indian context, evidence is limited. The present study aims to explore the onset of seven chronic diseases across adults and the elderly, along with the prognostic factors of chronic disease onset. Using Wave 1 data of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), we estimated the statistical distributions, the median age at onset, and Loglogistic and Weibull accelerated failure time model to understand the onset of seven medically diagnosed self-reported chronic diseases across age groups. We also obtained the sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) from the Fine-Gray model to determine the risk of contracting selected chronic diseases in a competing risk setup. The seven chronic diseases– hypertension, diabetes, lung disease, heart disease/stroke, arthritis, neurological disease, and cancer– were developing early, especially in individuals aged 45–54 and 55–64. Arthritis risk was higher in rural areas, and physically active adults and elderly were 1.32 times (95% CI 1.12–1.56) more likely to develop heart disease/stroke. The emerging evidence of the early onset of neurological diseases in middle-aged adults (i.e., among the 45–54 age group) reminds us of the need to reinforce a balance between the physical and mental life of individuals. The early onset of chronic diseases in the independent and working-age category (45–54 years) can have many social and economic implications. For instance, it can create a greater healthcare burden when these individuals grow older with these diseases. Further, disease-specific interventions would be helpful in reducing future chronic disease burden.
Early versus late reversal of diverting loop ileostomy in rectal cancer surgery: a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ellebæk Mark Bremholm , Perdawood Sharaf Karim , Steenstrup Signe , Khalaf Sardar , Kundal Jette , Möller Sören , Bang Jacob Christian , Støvring Jens , Qvist Niels 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiverting loop ileostomy has become routine in low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer. The optimal time for stoma reversal is controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare the results after planned early (within 8–12 days) versus late (> 3 months) stoma reversal. The primary outcomes were morbidity and mortality, as measured by the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) within 30 days after stoma reversal, and the secondary outcomes were morbidity and mortality within 90 days after LAR. This was a multicentre trial including all patients scheduled for anterior low resection for rectal cancer with curative intent. Inclusion period was from April 2011 to December 2018. All patients were randomized 1:1 prior to surgery. Among 257 consecutive and eligible patients, a total of 214 patients were randomized: 107 patients to early stoma reversal and 107 to late reversal. A total of 68 patients were excluded for various reasons, and 146 patients completed the study, with 77 in the early reversal group and 69 in the late reversal group. The patients were asked to complete the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index before surgery (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months after LAR. Ostomy-related complications were evaluated by dedicated ostomy staff using the validated DET score. ClinicalTrials Identifier: NCT01865071. Fifty-three patients (69%) in the early reversal group and 60 patients (87%) in the late reversal group received the intended treatment. There were no significant differences in CCI within 90 days after index surgery with the LAR and within 30 days after stoma reversal between the two groups. There were no differences in patient-reported quality of life but significantly more stoma-related complications in the late reversal group. A total of 5 patients experienced anastomotic leakage (AL) after stoma reversal, 4 in the early reversal group and one in the late reversal group. Early and late stoma reversal showed similar outcomes in terms of overall complications and quality of life. The risk of developing anastomotic leakage after early ostomy reversal is a concern.
Effects on general pain perception and dental pulp sensibility in probable sleep bruxism subjects by experimentally induced pain in a pilot study
Authors: Ommerborn Michelle Alicia , Özbek Adem , Grunwald Maike , Depprich Rita Antonia , Walentek Nicole Pascale , Franken Michael , Schäfer Ralf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this pilot study, the general pain perception and the dental pulp sensibility of probable sleep bruxism (SB) subjects were compared with that of non-SB subjects. The cold pressor test (CPT), electric pulp test (EPT), and thermal pulp test with CO2 snow were executed by one trained dentist (blind to SB diagnosis). A one-factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with SB diagnosis as independent variable and standardized measures regarding pain perception and evaluation was performed. One-hundred-and-five participants (53 SB and 52 non-SB subjects) were included. The one-factorial MANOVA revealed a significant difference between SB and non-SB subjects (p = 0.01) concerning pain perception variables. Post-hoc univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant lower general pain tolerance (p = 0.02), higher general subjective sensibility of the teeth (p < 0.01), and a statistical trend for higher subjective dental pain intensity (p = 0.07) in SB subjects. In most of the standardized variables, probable SB subjects seem to react and feel similar to non-SB subjects. However, as probable SB subjects subjectively perceive their teeth to be more sensitive and tend to rate their subjective dental pain intensity more intensely after CO2 testing, data might point to a somatosensory amplification.
An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand
Authors: Lukkunaprasit Thitiya , Tansawet Amarit , Boonmanunt Suparee , Sobhonslidsuk Abhasnee , McKay Gareth J. , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. This study aims to summarize the evidence for the effects of curcumin on MAFLD progression. Studies were identified from Medline and Scopus databases until April 2022. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) and randomized controlled trials (RCT) were selected based on pre-specified criteria. Three reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality of included studies. Of the 427 identified records, 6 SRMAs and 16 RCTs were included in the analysis. Very high overlap was observed among SRMAs with corrected covered area of 21.9%. From an updated meta-analysis, curcumin demonstrated significant improvement in aspartate and alanine aminotransferase with pooled mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] of −3.90 (−5.97, −1.82) and −5.61 (−9.37, −1.85) units/L, respectively. Resolution and improvement of hepatic steatosis was higher in curcumin than control group with pooled relative risk (95% CI) of 3.53 (2.01, 6.22) and 3.41 (1.36, 8.56), respectively. Curcumin supplementation also led to lower fasting blood sugar, body mass index, and total cholesterol. Further trials should be conducted to assess the effect of curcumin on liver histology, especially regarding non-invasive hepatic fibrosis and steatosis.
Histological and molecular insights in to in vitro regeneration pattern of Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Authors: Bansal Sangita , Sharma Manoj K. , Singh Shivangi , Joshi Parampara , Pathania Pooja , Malhotra Era V. , Rajkumar S. , Misra Pragati 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA study on the effect of various phytohormonal combinations on in vitro propagation of Cocoyam [Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott] was conducted to develop an improved and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for its mass multiplication. Histological analysis to understand the in vitro regeneration pattern and genetic fidelity assessment of regenerated plants were also carried out. Single shoots excised from in vitro established cultures of X. sagittifolium were used as explants. Among the 32 different phytohormonal combinations tested, indirect organogenesis with intervening callus phase was observed on majority of the media combinations. Meristematic clump formation was optimally achieved on all the tested media combinations with maximum 43.54 ± 0.51 shoot primordia on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA followed by 36.44 ± 0.76 shoot primordia on MS medium having 2.5 mg/L TDZ. Micro-morphological analysis of different morphogenetic structures revealed that the regeneration of cocoyam is well executed via meristematic nodules, shoot primordia formation that may evolve in to proper shoots. Adventitious shoots (> 2 cm) were successfully (100.00 ± 0.00%) rooted on the half-strength MS medium containing IBA (0.05–1.0 mg/L) and IAA (0.05–0.5 mg/L). The number of roots ranged from 0.78 ± 0.31 on the control half-strength MS medium to 13.94 ± 0.46 on half-strength MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA. Considering somaclonal variations as a potential restriction to in vitro multiplication of plants, genetic stability was assessed using 40 ISSR primers. The PCR amplification profiles obtained from all the tested propagules (calli, meristematic clumps, regenerated plantlets) were similar to the mother plants indicating the homogeneity of the individuals raised through the regeneration protocol reported here.
New non-ureolytic heterotrophic microbial induced carbonate precipitation for suppression of sand dune wind erosion
Authors: Hemayati Mohammad , Nikooee Ehsan , Habibagahi Ghassem , Niazi Ali , Afzali Sayed Fakhreddin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe detrimental effects of sand storms on agriculture, human health, transportation network, and infrastructures pose serious threats in many countries worldwide. Hence, wind erosion is considered a global challenge. An environmental-friendly method to suppress wind erosion is to employ microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). However, the by-products of ureolysis-based MICP, such as ammonia, are not favorable when produced in large volumes. This study introduces two calcium formate-bacteria compositions for non-ureolytic MICP and comprehensively compares their performance with two calcium acetate-bacteria compositions, all of which do not produce ammonia. The considered bacteria are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. First, the optimized values of factors controlling CaCO3 production were determined. Then, wind tunnel tests were performed on sand dune samples treated with the optimized compositions, where wind erosion resistance, threshold detachment velocity, and sand bombardment resistance were measured. An optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis were employed to evaluate the CaCO3 polymorph. Calcium formate-based compositions performed much better than the acetate-based compositions in producing CaCO3. Moreover, B. subtilis produced more CaCO3 than B. amyloliquefaciens. SEM micrographs clearly illustrated precipitation-induced active and inactive bounds and imprints of bacteria on CaCO3. All compositions considerably reduced wind erosion.
Spatial variability of lightning intensity over the Mediterranean sea correlates with seawater properties
Authors: Asfur Mustafa , Price Colin , Yair Yoav , Silverman Jacob 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe divergence of total alkalinity (TA) from conservation with salinity (S) and relatively acidic conditions (pH) in surface seawater was suggested to explain the high prevalence of lightning superbolts in the Mediterranean sea, North sea and upwelling regions of the oceans. In this study we tested the combined effects of changes in S, TA and pH of Mediterranean sea surface water on the intensity of laboratory generated electrical sparks, which are considered to be analogous to cloud to sea-surface intensity of lightning discharges. The experimental results were used to develop a multivariate linear equation (MLE) of Lightning Flash Intensity (LFI) as a function of S, TA/S and pH. This relation was validated with wintertime (DJF) LFI measurements along a Mediterranean sea zonal profile during the period 2009–2020 compared to corresponding climate model outputs of S, TA and pH. Based on the resulting MLE, the combined effects of climate change, ocean acidification and the damming of the Nile, may have increased LFI in the Levantine Sea by 16 ± 14% until now relative to the pre-Aswan Dam period. Furthermore, assuming that salinization and acidification of the Levantine Sea will continue at current trends, the LFI is predicted to increase by 25 ± 13% by the year 2050.
Insights into the cavitation morphology of rubber reinforced with a nano-filler
Authors: Mashita Ryo , Bito Yasumasa , Uesugi Kentaro , Hoshino Masato , Kageyuki Ikuo , Kishimoto Hiroyuki , Yashiro Wataru , Kanaya Toshiji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNotwithstanding the various uses of rubber, the fracture mechanism of filler-reinforced rubber remains unclear. This study used four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) involving monochromatic synchrotron X-rays to examine the cavitation within silica-reinforced rubber quantitatively and systematically. The results suggested a threshold value of silica content for the cavitation morphology. Macroscopic fractures, such as those developed by void formation, occurred below the threshold value of silica content. Above this threshold, the density of rubber decreased but macroscopic voids rarely occurred. The lower-density rubber area in the high-silica-content rubber was reversible at the effective pixel size for 4D-CT. These results suggest that the growth of the damage points to macrosized voids could be stopped by the formation of a network of rigid polymer layers. This study allows the elucidation of the reinforcing mechanism and the cavitation morphology of filler-reinforced rubber.
Physical behavior of PEDOT polymer electrode during magnetic resonance imaging and long-term test in the climate chamber
Authors: de Camp Nora Vanessa , Bergeler Jürgen , Seifert Frank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe PEDOT polymer electrode is a metal-free electrode, consisting of an acrylate (dental composite) and the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The electrode is applied as gel onto the skin and cured with blue light for 10–20 s in order to achieve a conductive bond to the skin. The electrodes are used in combination with polymer cables consisting of a textile backbone and PEDOT:PSS. To test this new electrode and cable type under different conditions we designed two stress-tests: highly sensitive temperature recordings within a head phantom during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and long-term stability inside a climate chamber with high humidity. To study the physical behavior inside the strong magnetic field (3 Tesla), the PEDOT polymer electrode was attached to an agarose head-phantom inside a magnetic resonance tomograph during an image sequence. MRI-safe temperature sensors were placed nearby in order to measure possible heating effects. In comparison to a metal cable, nearly no rise in temperature could be observed if the electrode was used in combination with a conductive textile cable. Furthermore, the electrode showed stable impedance values inside a climate chamber for 4 consecutive days. These results pave the way for testing the PEDOT polymer electrode as biosignal recording electrode during MRI, especially for cardio MRI and Electroencephalography in combination with functional MRI (EEG–fMRI).
Twist-tunable polaritonic nanoresonators in a van der Waals crystal
Authors: Matveeva O. G. , Tresguerres-Mata A. I. F. , Kirtaev R. V. , Voronin K. V. , Taboada-Gutiérrez J. , Lanza C. , Duan J. , Martín-Sánchez J. , Volkov V. S. , Alonso-González P. , Nikitin A. Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptical nanoresonators are key building blocks in various nanotechnological applications (e.g., spectroscopy) due to their ability to effectively confine light at the nanoscale. Recently, nanoresonators based on phonon polaritons (PhPs)—light coupled to lattice vibrations—in polar crystals (e.g., SiC, or h-BN) have attracted much attention due to their strong field confinement, high quality factors, and their potential to enhance the photonic density of states at mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequencies, where numerous molecular vibrations reside. Here, we introduce a new class of mid-IR nanoresonators that not only exhibit the extraordinary properties previously reported, but also incorporate a new degree of freedom: twist tuning, i.e., the possibility of controlling their spectral response by simply rotating the constituent material. To achieve this result, we place a pristine slab of the van der Waals (vdW) α-MoO3 crystal, which supports in-plane hyperbolic PhPs, on an array of metallic ribbons. This sample design based on electromagnetic engineering, not only allows the definition of α-MoO3 nanoresonators with low losses (quality factors, Q, up to 200), but also enables a broad spectral tuning of the polaritonic resonances (up to 32 cm−1, i.e., up to ~6 times their full width at half maximum, FWHM ~5 cm−1) by a simple in-plane rotation of the same slab (from 0 to 45°). These results open the door to the development of tunable and low-loss IR nanotechnologies, fundamental requirements for their implementation in molecular sensing, emission or photodetection applications.
DIC–borane-catalyzed selective methylation of primary amines with CO2 using boranes as reducing agents
Authors: Zhang He , Zhang Yanmeng , Gao Ke 
Published: April 2023

The highly selective N-methylation and N,N-dimethyaltion of primary amines using 1 atm CO2 in the presence of DIC-BH3∙piperazine and DIC-BH3∙NMe3 catalytic systems, respectively, were developed.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control for hypersonic vehicle with unknown inertial matrix and states constraints
Authors: Wang Le , Meng Yizhen , Hu Shiqi , Peng Zhiyu , Shi Wen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive fault‐tolerant control (FTC) method for hypersonic vehicle (HSV) with unexpected centroid shift, actuator fault, time‐varying full state constraints, and input saturation. The occurrence of unexpected centroid shift has three main effects on the HSV system, which are system uncertainties, eccentric moments, and variation of input matrix. In order to ensure the time‐varying state constraints, a novel attitude state constraint control strategy, to keep the safe flight of HSV, is technically proposed by a time‐varying state constraint function (TVSCF). A unified controller is designed to handle the time‐varying state constraints according to the proposed TVSCF. Then, the constrained HSV system can be transformed into a novel free‐constrained system based on the TVSCF. For the variation of system input matrix, input saturation and actuator fault, a special Nussbaum‐type function is designed to compensate for those time‐varying nonlinear terms. Additionally, the auxiliary systems is designed to compensate the constraint of system control inputs. Then, it is proved that the proposed control scheme can guarantee the boundedness of all closed‐loop signals based on the Lyapunov stability theory. At last, the simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault‐tolerant control scheme.