bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer‐associated thrombosis and drug–drug interactions of antithrombotic and antineoplastic agents
Authors: Bolek Hatice , Ürün Yüksel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is often associated with malignant diseases and notably contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Cancer‐associated thrombosis (CAT) brings additional costs to health expenditures and has a negative impact on oncological outcomes. Either the recurrence rate of VTE or bleeding complications are also higher in patients with cancer. Prophylactic anticoagulation has been recommended in peri‐surgical periods, inpatient settings, and high‐risk ambulatory patients. Although various risk stratification scores are used, none are ideal for identifying patients who can benefit from anticoagulant prophylaxis. New risk scoring systems or biomarkers are needed to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from prophylaxis with low bleeding risk. The questions about the patients who will be given prophylaxis and those who develop thromboembolism, with which drug, and how long they will be treated are still not fully answered. Anticoagulation is the cornerstone of the treatment, but management of CAT remains complex. Low molecular weight heparins and direct oral anticoagulants are effective and safe options for the treatment of CAT. Recognizing adverse effects, drug–drug interactions, and accompanying conditions that cause dose adjustment is crucial. Prevention and treatment of VTE in patients with cancer require a multidisciplinary and patient‐based approach.Plain Language Summary

Cancer‐associated thrombosis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with cancer.

Chemotherapy, surgery, and/or use of central venous access remarkably increase the risk of thrombosis.

Prophylactic anticoagulation should be considered not only in inpatient follow‐up and during peri‐surgical period but also ambulatory patients with a high risk of thrombosis.

Many parameters, such as drug–drug interactions, primary side of cancer, and comorbidities of patients should be considered when selecting anticoagulant drugs.

More accurate risk stratification scores or biomarkers are still an unmet need.
Reflective prolate‐spheroidal operators and the adelic Grassmannian
Authors: Casper W. Riley , Grünbaum F. Alberto , Yakimov Milen , Zurrián Ignacio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBeginning with the work of Landau, Pollak and Slepian in the 1960s on time‐band limiting, commuting pairs of integral and differential operators have played a key role in signal processing, random matrix theory, and integrable systems. Previously, such pairs were constructed by ad hoc methods, which essentially worked because a commuting operator of low order could be found by a direct calculation. We describe a general approach to these problems that proves that every point W of Wilson's infinite dimensional adelic Grassmannian gives rise to an integral operator , acting on for a contour , which reflects a differential operator with rational coefficients in the sense that on a dense subset of . By using analytic methods and methods from integrable systems, we show that the reflected differential operator can be constructed from the Fourier algebra of the associated bispectral function . The exact size of this algebra with respect to a bifiltration is in turn determined using algebro‐geometric methods. Intrinsic properties of four involutions of the adelic Grassmannian naturally lead us to consider the reflecting property above in place of plain commutativity. Furthermore, we prove that the time‐band limited operators of the generalized Laplace transforms with kernels given by the rank one bispectral functions always reflect a differential operator. A 90° rotation argument is used to prove that the time‐band limited operators of the generalized Fourier transforms with kernels admit a commuting differential operator. These methods produce vast collections of integral operators with prolate‐spheroidal properties, associated to the wave functions of all rational solutions of the KP hierarchy vanishing at infinity, introduced by Krichever in the late 1970s.
A soma‐synapses neuron model and FPGA implementation
Authors: Wang Zongxia , Yu Naigong , Essaf Firdaous 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe neuron model serves as the foundation for building a neural network. The goal of neuron modeling is to shoot a tradeoff between the biological meaningful and the implementation cost, so as to build a bridge between brain science knowledge and the brain‐like neuromorphic computing. Unlike previous neuron models with linear static synapses, the focus of this research is to model neurons with relatively detailed nonlinear dynamic synapses. First, a universal soma‐synapses neuron (SSN) is proposed. It contains a soma represented by a leaky integrate‐and‐fire neuron and multiple excitatory and inhibitory synapses based on ion channels dynamics. Short‐term plasticity and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity linked to biological microscopic mechanisms are also presented in the synaptic models. Then, SSN is implemented on field‐programmable gate array (FPGA). The performance of each component in SSN is analyzed and evaluated. Finally, a neural network SSNN composed of SSNs is deployed on FPGA and used for testing. Experimental results show that the stimulus‐response characteristics of SSN are consistent with the electrophysiological test findings of biological neurons, and the activities of SSNN exhibit a promising prospect. We provide a prototype for embedded neuromorphic computing with a small number of relatively detailed neuron models.
Nitrogen Electrocatalysis: Electrolyte Engineering Strategies to Boost Faradaic Efficiency
Authors: Thapa Loknath , Retna Raj C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical activation of dinitrogen at ambient temperature and pressure for the synthesis of ammonia has drawn increasing attention. The faradaic efficiency (FE) as well as ammonia yield in the electrochemical synthesis is far from reaching the requirement of industrial‐scale production. In aqueous electrolytes, the competing electron‐consuming hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and poor solubility of nitrogen are the two major bottlenecks. As the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen involves proton‐coupled electron transfer reaction, rationally engineered electrolytes are required to boost FE and ammonia yield. In this Review, we comprehensively summarize various electrolyte engineering strategies to boost the FE in aqueous and non‐aqueous medium and suggest possible approaches to further improve the performance. In aqueous medium, the performance can be improved by altering the electrolyte pH, transport velocity of protons, and water activity. Other strategies involve the use of hybrid and water‐in‐salt electrolytes, ionic liquids, and non‐aqueous electrolytes. Existing aqueous electrolytes are not ideal for industrial‐scale production. Suppression of HER and enhanced nitrogen solubility have been observed with hybrid and non‐aqueous electrolytes. The engineered electrolytes are very promising though the electrochemical activation has several challenges. The outcome of lithium‐mediated nitrogen reduction reaction with engineered non‐aqueous electrolyte is highly encouraging.
Other hyaluronic acid fillers and combination fillers
Authors: Lee Cynthia , Hebel Carter , Snyder Alan , Schlesinger Todd 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers has become increasingly popular in the cosmetic industry due to their efficacy and versatility. Common types of HA fillers include Restylane, Juvéderm, and Bolotero. Other various options available for HA fillers include the resilient HA fillers (RHA) collection, Revanesse versa, and Prevelle silk. The fillers can be used singularly or in combination to achieve a desired cosmetic outcome. The RHA collection line is the first FDA approved filler used to treat dynamic facial lines using a less rigid formula than earlier HA fillers and by uniquely adapting to facial movement, stretching, and repeated facial compression. Revanesse versa filler is designed to effectively address moderate to severe facial wrinkles, including nasolabial folds, with a focus on providing lasting results even after the HA filler has been absorbed. Other HA fillers such as Prevelle silk, Hydrelle, and Puragen contain 0.3% lidocaine for more tolerable treatment for moderate to severe facial lines. Examples of combination fillers include HA/botulinum toxin, HA/calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), and HA/poly‐
l‐lactic acid. To facilitate the administration of injections, HA fillers can also be mixed with agents such as lidocaine, lidocaine and epinephrine, normal saline, and sterile water to decrease viscosity. Furthermore, the use of CaHA in conjunction with microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V) has shown to enhance skin tightness and neocollagenesis. Other applications of HA include utilization of its bacteriostatic effects to coat biomedical devices, as a material for bioink and tissue‐engineering, and to create novel formulations to further personalize cosmetic goals.
Screening and confirmation of recombinant human follistatin in equine plasma for doping control purposes
Authors: Wong Kin‐Sing , Cheung Hiu Wing , Choi Yung‐Ching , To Ning‐Sum , Wan Terence S. M. , Ho Emmie N. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecombinant human follistatin (rhFST) is a potential performance‐enhancing agent owing to its stimulating effect on muscle growth. Administration of rhFST to athletes is prohibited in human sports by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) and in horseracing according to Article 6 of the International Agreement on Breeding, Racing and Wagering published by the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA). For effective control of the potential misuse of rhFST in flat racing, methods for screening and confirmatory analysis are required. This paper describes the development and validation of a complete solution for detecting rhFST and confirming its presence in plasma samples collected from racehorses. A high‐throughput analysis of rhFST with a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for the screening of equine plasma samples. Any suspicious finding would then be subjected to a confirmatory analysis using immunocapture, followed by nano‐liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC‐MS/HRMS). The confirmation of rhFST by nanoLC‐MS/HRMS was achieved by comparing the retention times and relative abundances of three characteristic product‐ions with those from the reference standard in accordance with the industry criteria published by the Association of Official Racing Chemists. The two methods achieved comparable limit of detection (~2.5–5 ng/mL) and limit of confirmation (2.5 ng/mL or below), as well as adequate specificity, precision and reproducibility. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the screening and confirmation methods for rhFST in equine samples.
An evaluation of isolation by distance and isolation by resistance on genetic structure of the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) in the Zagros forests of Iran
Authors: Asadi Aghbolaghi Marzieh , Keyghobadi Nusha , Azarakhsh Zeinab , Dadizadeh Marzieh , Asadi Aghbolaghi Shahab , Zamani Navid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor the conservation of wild species, it is important to understand how landscape change and land management can affect gene flow and movement. Landscape genetic analyses provide a powerful approach to infer effects of various landscape factors on gene flow, thereby informing conservation actions. The Persian squirrel is a keystone species in the woodlands and oak forests of Western Asia, where it has experienced recent habitat loss and fragmentation. We conducted landscape genetic analyses of individuals sampled in the northern Zagros Mountains of Iran (provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and Ilam), focusing on the evaluation of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR), using 16 microsatellite markers. The roles of geographical distance and landscape features including roads, rivers, developed areas, farming and agriculture, forests, lakes, plantation forests, rangelands, shrublands, and rocky areas of varying canopy cover, and swamp margins on genetic structure were quantified using individual‐based approaches and resistance surface modeling. We found a significant pattern of IBD but only weak support for an effect of forest cover on genetic structure and gene flow. It seems that geographical distance is an important factor limiting the dispersal of the Persian squirrel in this region. The results of the current study inform ongoing conservation programs for the Persian squirrel in the Zagros oak forest.
Long‐term patient‐reported outcomes after reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer: A systematic review
Authors: van Rooij Joep A. F. , Roubos Jantien , Vrancken Peeters Noëlle J. M. C. , Rijken Bianca F. M. , Corten Eveline M. L. , Mureau Marc A. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrent literature on reconstruction after head and neck cancer (HNC) focusses on short‐term patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), while there is a need for knowledge on long‐term consequences. Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched for studies on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) after HNC reconstruction, using validated PROMs in at least 50 patients, and a follow‐up of more than 1 year. Thirty studies were included, comprising 2358 patients with a follow‐up between one and 10 years. The most used questionnaire was the UW‐QoL v4. Reconstructive surgery was generally followed by diminished oral function, worsened by radiotherapy. Patients experienced anxiety and fear of cancer recurrence. However, there was a progressive decrease in pain over time with some flaps having more favorable HRQoL outcomes. Age and bony tumor involvement were not related to postoperative HRQoL. These results may lead to better patient counseling and expectation management of HNC patients.
Mercuric chloride induced brain toxicity in mice: The protective effects of puerarin‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles
Authors: Gu Lixiang , Jin Fan , Yang Tianlong , Ruan Yuechuan , Zhong Ruixin , Han Qin , Huang Yi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMercury is a toxic, environmentally heavy metal that can cause severe damage to all organs, including the nervous system. The functions of puerarin include antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, nerve cell repair, regulation of autophagy, and so forth. But because of the limited oral absorption of puerarin, it affects the protective effect on brain tissue. The nano‐encapsulation of Pue can improve its limitation. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effect of Pue drug‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Pue‐PLGA‐nps) on brain injury induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in mice. The mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group, HgCl2 (4 mg/kg) group, Pue‐PLGA‐nps (50 mg/kg) group, HgCl2 + Pue (4 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg) group, and HgCl2 + Pue‐PLGA‐nps (4 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg) group. After 28 days of treatment, the mice were observed for behavioral changes, antioxidant capacity, autophagy and inflammatory response, and mercury levels in the brain, blood, and urine were measured. The results showed that HgCl2 toxicity caused learning and memory dysfunction in mice, increased mercury content in brain and blood, and increased serum levels of interleukin (IL‐6), IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the mice. HgCl2 exposure decreased the activity of T‐AOC, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and increased the expression of malondialdehyde in the brain of mice. Moreover, the expression levels of TRIM32, toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and LC3 proteins were upregulated. Both Pue and Pue‐PLGA‐nps interventions mitigated the changes caused by HgCl2 exposure, and Pue‐PLGA‐nps further enhanced this effect. Our results suggest that Pue‐PLGA‐nps can ameliorate HgCl2‐induced brain injury and reduce Hg accumulation, which is associated with inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and TLR4/TRIM32/LC3 signaling pathway.
High‐throughput screening of spin states for transition metal complexes with spin‐polarized extended tight‐binding methods
Authors: Neugebauer Hagen , Bädorf Benedikt , Ehlert Sebastian , Hansen Andreas , Grimme Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe semiempirical GFNn‐xTB () tight‐binding methods are extended with a spin‐dependent energy term (spin‐polarization), enabling the fast and efficient screening of different spin states for transition metal complexes. While GFNn‐xTB methods inherently can not differentiate properly between high‐spin (HS) and low‐spin (LS) states, this shortcoming is corrected with the presented methods termed spGFNn‐xTB. The performance of spGFNn‐xTB methods for spin state energy splittings is evaluated on a newly compiled benchmark set of 90 complexes (27 HS and 63 LS complexes) containing 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals (termed TM90S) employing DFT references at the TPSSh‐D4/def2‐QZVPP level of theory. The challenging TM90S set contains complexes with charges between 4 and +3, spin multiplicities between 1 and 6, and spin‐splitting energies that range from 47.8 to 146.6 kcal/mol with a mean average of 32.2 kcal/mol. On this set the (sp)GFNn‐xTB methods, the PM6‐D3H4 method, and the PM7 method are evaluated with spGFN1‐xTB yielding the lowest MAD of 19.6 kcal/mol followed by spGFN2‐xTB with 24.8 kcal/mol. While for the 4d and 5d subsets small or no improvements are observed with spin‐polarization, large improvements are obtained for the 3d subset with spGFN1‐xTB yielding the smallest MAD of 14.2 kcal/mol followed by spGFN2‐xTB with 17.9 kcal/mol and PM6‐D3H4 with 28.4 kcal/mol. The correct sign of the spin state splittings is obtained with spGFN2‐xTB in 89% of all cases closely followed by spGFN1‐xTB with 88%. On the full set, a pure semiempirical vertical spGFN2‐xTB//GFN2‐xTB‐based workflow for screening purposes yields a slightly better MAD of 22.2 kcal/mol due to error compensation, while being qualitative correct for one additional case. In combination with their low computational cost (scanning spin states in seconds), the spGFNn‐xTB methods represent robust tools for pre‐screening steps of spin state calculations and high‐throughput workflows.
Reshaping dental faculty development using collective healthcare experiences
Authors: Sharab Lina , Sonkar Jyoti , Thomas Priya M. , Prasannakumar Priya , Guha Upoma , Leventer Martin , Vazouras Konstantinos , Cappelli David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDental academics provide a fulfilling career path to educate the next generation of oral health professionals. The number of dentists choosing a career in dental academics is declining and existing faculty are opting for other career options. As the number of dental schools increase across the US, a critical shortage of educators may be evidenced. In dentistry, innovative approaches to develop academic faculty are not keeping pace with the growing needs of dental faculty, who are challenged to establish a fulfilling work‐life balance. This work reviews existing methods that other health professions implement to develop faculty for successful career growth. This review highlights factors and related cofactors that influence career development among dental faculty. Recommendations are presented as potential solutions based on the assessment of similar experiences published by related academic healthcare professions. Dental academia must increase attention to faculty needs and awareness by conducting institutional‐specific studies to address these issues with customizable solutions.
Polyaniline‐silica doped with oxalic acid as a novel extractor phase in thin film solid‐phase microextraction for determination of hormones in urine
Authors: Turazzi Francielle Crocetta , Morés Lucas , Carasek Eduardo , Barra Guilherme Mariz de Oliveira 
Published: July 2023

In this study, different polyanilines were synthesized and evaluated for the determination of three hormones, including 17‐β‐estradiol, 17‐α‐ethinylestradiol, and estrone, in urine using a novel methodology based on thin film solid‐phase microextraction technique, employing the sampling well plate system. The extractor phases, designated as polyaniline doped with hydrochloric acid, polyaniline doped with oxalic acid, polyaniline‐silica doped with hydrochloric acid, and polyaniline‐silica doped with oxalic acid, were characterized by electrical conductivity measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimized extraction conditions were composed of 1.5 mL of urine and pH adjusted to 10, with no need to dilute sample and the desorption step, 300 μL of acetonitrile was used. The calibration curves were performed in the sample matrix, with detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.30 to 3.03 μg L−1 and from 1.0 to 10.0 μg L−1, respectively, with r ≥ 0.9969. The relative recoveries ranged from 71% to 115%, and intraday precision showed values ≤12% and interday ≤20%. The applicability of the method was successfully evaluated, and six urine samples from female volunteers were analyzed. The analytes were not detected or were below the limits of quantification in these samples.
DeepBryo: A web app forAI‐assisted morphometric characterization of cheilostome bryozoans
Authors: Di Martino Emanuela , Berning Björn , Gordon Dennis P , Kuklinski Piotr , Liow Lee Hsiang , Ramsfjell Mali H , Ribeiro Henrique L , Smith Abigail M , Taylor Paul D , Voje Kjetil L , Waeschenbach Andrea , Porto Arthur 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBryozoans are becoming an increasingly popular study system in macroevolutionary, ecological, and paleobiological research. Members of this colonial invertebrate phylum display an exceptional degree of division of labor in the form of specialized modules, which allows for the inference of individual allocation of resources to reproduction, defense, and growth using simple morphometric tools. However, morphometric characterizations of bryozoans are notoriously labored. Here, we introduce DeepBryo, a web application for deep‐learning‐based morphometric characterization of cheilostome bryozoans. DeepBryo is capable of detecting objects belonging to six classes and outputting 14 morphological shape measurements for each object. The users can visualize the predictions, check for errors, and directly filter model outputs on the web browser. DeepBryo was trained and validated on a total of 72,412 structures in six different object classes from images of 109 different families of cheilostome bryozoans. The model shows high (> 0.8) recall and precision for zooid‐level structures. Its misclassification rate is low (~ 4%) and largely concentrated in two object classes. The model's estimated structure‐level area, height, and width measurements are statistically indistinguishable from those obtained via manual annotation. DeepBryo reduces the person‐hours required for characterizing individual colonies to less than 1% of the time required for manual annotation. Our results indicate that DeepBryo enables cost‐, labor,‐ and time‐efficient morphometric characterization of cheilostome bryozoans. DeepBryo can greatly increase the scale of macroevolutionary, ecological, taxonomic, and paleobiological analyses, as well as the accessibility of deep‐learning tools for this emerging model system.