bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long working and commuting times as risk factors for depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
Authors: Dragano Nico , Burr Hermann , Formazin Maren , Schulz Anika , Rose Uwe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRegular long working and commuting hours are thought to have negative consequences for mental health. However, the study results are not clear and vary by country. The present analysis examines associations between working or commuting hours and depressive symptoms for Germany.MethodThe S-MGA study (German Study on Mental Health at Work) is a longitudinal cohort of a random sample of employees subject to social insurance contributions. We analysed data from 3 413 participants of the baseline survey (cross-sectional analysis) and from 2 019 people who participated at baseline and at a follow-up survey five years later (longitudinal analysis). Weekly working and commuting hours as well as covariates (age, gender, occupational position, psychosocial working conditions) were collected at baseline. Depressive symptoms were recorded with thePatient Health Questionnaireat both waves. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to control for covariates.ResultsAt baseline survey, 7 % of the employees had overlong working hours of ≥ 55 hours per week, and another 8 % worked > 48-54 hours. Long working hours were cross-sectionally associated with moderately elevated depressive symptoms compared to normal working hours (35-< 40 h/week). When new depressive symptoms after five years were considered, the correlation was significant for > 55 weekly working hours (odds ratio [OR] 2.14; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.11;4.12), but not for > 48-54 h (OR 1.26, CI 0.65;2.43). Employees who commuted ten hours or more per week had more depressive symptoms cross-sectionally (OR 1.83; CI 1.13;2.94) compared to the reference group who commuted < 2.5 hours. This correlation was not observed longitudinally.ConclusionsThe results suggest that excessive working and commuting time is associated with depressive symptoms in employees, although the effects of commuting time were only found cross-sectionally. The results underline the importance of adhering to working time regulations and avoiding excessive working hours. Further research is needed on the role of commuting.
Cardiorespiratory fitness interventions for individuals with lower limb amputation: a scoping review
Authors: van Kammen K , Seves B.L. , Vrieling A.H. , Dekker R. , van Dijk A. , Dijkstra P.U. , Geertzen J.H.B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThis scoping review aimed to provide an overview of different cardiorespiratory training methods and their effects on cardiorespiratory fitness in persons with a lower limb amputation (LLA).MethodsStudies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The search strategy comprised four search strings with terms related to ‘amputation’ or ‘limb loss’, ‘lower extremity’, ‘training’ or ‘exercise’, and ‘endurance’ or ‘aerobic’. Studies were included if they reported on persons with a LLA who followed a cardiorespiratory training. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was used for quality assessment.ResultsNine studies (88 participants) were included, with weak (7 studies) to moderate (2 studies) quality. Duration of the programmes ranged from 1.5 to 26 weeks, with a frequency of 3-5 sessions per week. The intensity of the workload increased during the programmes in two studies. After training, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) had increased in all studies, in three studies significantly. The training effects were inconclusive for resting heart rate, peak heart rate, and blood pressureConclusionsCardiorespiratory training methods – with tailored duration and intensity – tended to increase VO2max and are feasible in persons with a LLA but quality of the studies was weak.Implications for rehabilitationVO2max of persons with a lower limb amputation can improve after cardiorespiratory training.Training methods to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in persons with a lower limb amputation, in which training intensity is tailored to the patient (based on heart rate) are feasible.Due to the low methodological quality of the included studies, this scoping review cannot provide an evidence-based overview of training methods to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in persons with a lower limb amputation.
Adiposity and Mortality among Patients Severely Ill with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 Respiratory Conditions: A Cross-Context Comparison Study in the UK
Authors: Bell Joshua A. , Carslake David , Hughes Amanda , Tilling Kate , Dodd James W. , Doidge James C. , Harrison David A. , Rowan Kathryn M. , Smith George Davey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the causality of adiposity for mortality among patients severely ill with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 respiratory conditions by examining the consistency of associations across temporal and geographical contexts where biases varyDesignProspective cohort studySetting297 intensive care units (ICUs) in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland monitored by the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre Case Mix ProgrammeParticipantsPatients aged ≥16 years admitted to ICU with COVID-19 (N=33,352; Feb 2020-Aug 2021) and non-COVID-19 respiratory conditions (N=24,739; Feb 2018-Aug 2019)Main outcome measure30-day mortality post ICU admissionResultsCompared with non-COVID-19 respiratory patients, COVID-19 patients were younger, less often of a white ethnic group, and more often with extreme obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40kg/m2). COVID-19 patients had fewer comorbidities but higher mortality (35% vs. 23% mortality in non-COVID-19). Socio-demographic and comorbidity factors and their associations with BMI and mortality varied more by date than geographical region of ICU admission, particularly among COVID-19 patients. Among COVID-19 patients, higher BMI was associated with a small excess mortality (hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD)=1.05; 95% CI=1.03, 1.08), driven by extreme obesity (HR per SD=1.21; 95% CI=1.13, 1.31 vs. normal-weight). Extreme obesity was strongly associated with higher mortality only during Feb-April 2020 (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.27, 1.73 vs. normal-weight); this association weakened thereafter (BMI-date interaction P=0.03). Among non-COVID-19 respiratory patients, higher BMI was associated with lower mortality (HR per SD=0.84; 95% CI=0.82, 0.87), seen across all overweight/obesity groups. These negative obesity-mortality associations were similar across most admission dates and regions.ConclusionsObesity is associated with higher mortality among COVID-19 patients, but lower mortality among non-COVID respiratory patients. These associations appear vulnerable to confounding/selection bias in both patient groups, questioning the existence or stability of causal effects. Among COVID-19 patients, unfavourable obesity-mortality associations differ by admission date. Among non-COVID-19 respiratory patients, favourable obesity-mortality associations may reflect comorbidity-induced weight loss.
A predictive model of a growing fetus
Authors: Kumari Chandrani , Menon Gautam I , Narlikar Leelavati , Ram Uma , Siddharthan Rahul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFetal growth is monitored periodically during pregnancy via ultrasound measurements of fetal dimensions such as femur length (FL), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and biparietal diameter (BPD). Multiple growth standards have been published for each of these, which are clinically used to place a fetus on a “growth chart”. These consist of percentile tables varying by weeks of gestation, computed from cohorts of “low-risk” women with healthy lifestyles, living conditions, and clinical parameters. Such charts are prescriptive of ideal growth, but not necessarily descriptive of diverse real-world populations where they may be used. Moreover, they are constructed by pooling all fetal measurements across the cohort, not based on a growth model, and therefore not necessarily predictive of growth of an individual fetus.We show that the Gompertz model, a standard model for constrained growth, with just three intuitive parameters, convincingly fits the growth of fetal ultrasound biometries. Two of these parameters—t0(the inflection time) andc(the rate of decrease of growth rate)—can be treated as universal to all fetuses, while the third parameterAcan be modeled as an overall scale parameter specific to each fetus, which captures the individual variation in growth. On our cohort of 817 pregnant women (“Seethapathy cohort”), we show that not only can the value ofAfor each fetus be inferred from ultrasound data available by the second or the third trimester, but the weight of the baby at delivery can also be predicted with remarkable accuracy using these inferred Gompertz parameters. A model trained on the Seethapathy cohort performs well in estimating the birth weight in an independent validation cohort of 365 women, demonstrating the predictive power of the model. Moreover, we find that deviation from Gompertz-like growth is linked to neonatal complications. Finally, we show that the Gompertz growth curve is a close fit to the standards from WHO, NICHD and INTERGROWTH, with the optimalt0andcclose to that in the Seethapathy cohort. We propose that the Gompertz formula be a basis for future growth standards, with almost all variation described by a single scale parameterA, which can serve either as a descriptor of mean or variance in population, or as a descriptor for growth of an individual fetus. Indeed, the formula is descriptive of typical growth, predictive of future growth, and may be used in prescriptive standards.
Aberrant brain criticality as a neural basis of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Javed Ehtasham , Suárez-Méndez Isabel , Susi Gianluca , Verdejo Román Juan , Palva J Matias , Maestú Fernando , Palva Satu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, nonlinearly progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects multiple domains of behaviour and is the most common form of dementia. However, there is scarce understanding of its biological basis nor there are reliable markers for the earliest disease stages preceding AD. Here we investigated whether AD progression is predicted by increasingly aberrant critical brain dynamics driven by underlying E/I imbalance using magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from cross-sectional (N=343) and longitudinal (N=45) cohorts. As a hallmark of brain criticality, we quantified long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) in neuronal oscillations and tracked changes in neuronal excitability. We demonstrate that attenuation and progressive changes of LRTCs characterize the earliest stages of disease progression and yield accurate classification to individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our data indicate that pathological brain critical dynamics in AD progression provide a clinical marker for targeting specific treatments to individuals at increased risk.
Diversification of the recombinant anti-kinesin monoclonal antibody H2
Authors: Niwa Shinsuke , Chiba Kyoko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKinesin-1, a motor protein composed of the kinesin heavy chain (KHC) and the kinesin light chain (KLC), is fundamental to cellular morphogenesis and function. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) called H2 recognizes the KHC in a broad range of species and is one of the most widely used mAbs in cytoskeletal motor research. Here, we generated vectors that expressed recombinant H2 in mammalian cells. We demonstrated that the recombinant H2 performed as well as the hybridoma-derived H2 in western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. The recombinant H2 could detect all three human KHC isotypes (KIF5A, KIF5B, and KIF5C) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated KIF5A aggregates in the cell. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the single chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from the H2 mAb could specifically recognize KHCs in cells. In addition, we developed a chickenized anti-KHC scFv(H2), which broadens the application of H2 in immunofluorescence microscopy. Collectively, our findings validate recombinant H2 as useful for studying the function of KHCs.
Directed Biosynthesis of Mitragynine Stereoisomers
Authors: Schotte Carsten , Jiang Yindi , Grzech Dagny , Dang Thu-Thuy T. , Laforest Larissa , León Francisco , Mottinelli Marco , Nadakuduti Satya S. , McCurdy Christopher R. , O’Connor Sarah E. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTMitragyna speciosa(“Kratom”) is used as a natural remedy for pain and management of opioid dependence. The pharmacological properties of Kratom have been linked to a complex mixture of monoterpene indole alkaloids, most notably mitragynine. Here, we report the central biosynthetic steps responsible for the scaffold formation of mitragynine and related corynanthe-type alkaloids. We illuminate the mechanistic basis by which the key stereogenic centre of this scaffold is formed. These discoveries were leveraged for the enzymatic production of mitragynine, the C-20 epimer speciogynine, and a series of fluorinated analogues.
Migration strategy varies with novel environment response in common noctule bats
Authors: Schabacker Theresa , Rizzi Sofia , Teige Tobias , Hoffmeister Uwe , Voigt Christian C. , Snijders Lysanne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlobal ecosystems are changing dramatically due to land transformation and climate change. Global change is a particular challenge for migratory animals that rely on multiple stepping stones on their journeys. Migratory animals have a range of strategies to accomplish this, but not all of these strategies may be appropriate for the challenges ahead. Understanding the variation in migratory strategies and their behavioural correlates is therefore critical to understand how vulnerable species will be in the future, especially in endangered and elusive taxa such as bats. Here, we combined isotopic geolocation with an in-situ behavioural assay to investigate whether behavioural responses to a roost-like novel environment correlated with variation in migration strategies (local or distant origin based on isotopic geographic assignments), in the partially migratory bat,Nyctalus noctula. We quantified emergence behaviour, spatial activity, and echolocation call activity. Local bats were more likely to emerge into the novel environment than bats from more distant origins. However, local and distant bats did not differ in spatial activity and acoustic exploration (relative call activity per space unit). Our findings indicate that local bats may more pro-actively cope with novelty, but that acoustic exploration is equally important for local and migratory bats during explorations.
Differential ripple propagation along the hippocampal longitudinal axis
Authors: De Filippo Roberto , Schmitz Dietmar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHippocampal ripples are highly synchronous neural events critical for memory consolidation and retrieval. A minority of strong ripples has been shown to be of particular importance in situations of increased memory demands. The propagation dynamics of strong ripples inside the hippocampal formation are, however, still opaque. We analyzed ripple propagation within the hippocampal formation in a large open access dataset comprising 267 Neuropixel recordings in 49 awake, head-fixed mice. Surprisingly, strong ripples (top 10% in ripple strength) propagate differentially depending on their generation point along the hippocampal longitudinal axis. The septal hippocampal pole is able to generate longer ripples that engage more neurons and elicit spiking activity for an extended time even at considerable distances. Accordingly, a substantial portion of the variance in strong ripple duration (R² = 0.463) is explained by the ripple generation location on the longitudinal axis. Our results are consistent with a possible distinctive role of the hippocampal septal pole in conditions of high memory demand.
Balanced mitochondrial function at low temperature is linked to cold adaptation inDrosophilaspecies
Authors: Jørgensen Lisa Bjerregaard , Hansen Andrea Milena , Willot Quentin , Overgaard Johannes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ability of ectothermic animals to live in different thermal environments is closely associated with their capacity to maintain physiological homeostasis across diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations. For chill-susceptible insects, such asDrosophila, cold tolerance is tightly linked to ion and water homeostasis obtained through a regulated balance of active and passive transport. Active transport at low temperature requires a constant delivery of ATP and we therefore hypothesize that cold-adaptedDrosophilaare characterized by superior mitochondrial capacity at low temperature relative cold-sensitive species. To address this, we investigated how experimental temperatures 19-1 °C affected mitochondrial substrate oxidation in flight muscle of seven tropical and temperateDrosophilaspecies that represent a broad spectrum of cold tolerance. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates measured using a substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor-titration protocol showed that cooling generally reduced oxygen consumption of all steps of the electron transport system across species. Complex I is the primary consumer of oxygen at benign temperatures, but low temperature decreases complex I respiration to a much greater extent in cold-sensitive species than in cold-adapted species. Accordingly, cold-induced reduction of complex I correlates strongly with CTmin(the temperature inducing cold coma). The relative contribution of alternative substrates, proline, succinate and glycerol-3-phosphate increased as temperature decreased, particularly in the cold-sensitive species. At present it is unclear whether the oxidation of alternative substrates can be used to offset the effects of the temperature-sensitive complex I, and the potential functional consequences of such a substrate switch are discussed.Summary statementMitochondrial oxygen consumption decreases at low temperature, particularly in cold-sensitiveDrosophilaspecies, which turn to oxidation of alternative substrates as complex I-supported respiration is impaired.
The link between construction apps’ acceptance and digital attributes of construction professionals: perspectives from digital competence model
Authors: Olugboyega Oluseye , Ilesanmi Kayode Emmanuel , Oseghale Godwin Ehis , Aigbavboa Clinton 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe advancement of digital technological breakthroughs in the construction industry is dependent on connecting the attributes of the intended consumers to the technologies. Thus, this study aims to look at the relationship between construction app acceptance and the digital qualities of construction professionals (CPs) to determine whether understanding the connection can assist predict construction app user behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThis study’s theoretical approach was derived from the European Union digital competence model, which supports the hypothesis that the traits associated with digital competence enable digitally competent CPs to embrace construction apps. Six hypotheses were developed to investigate the theories, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict the acceptance of construction apps based on the CP’s attributes.FindingsThe investigation’s findings revealed that the CP’s attributes can explain at least 50% of the proportion of variance in 34 construction apps. The use of a smartphone (Mean Score = 3.30; Factor Loading = 0.609), technological orientation (Mean Score = 3.55; Factor Loading = 0.663), information technology skills (Mean Score = 3.48; Factor Loading = 0.649), information on construction innovation (Mean Score = 3.73; Factor Loading = 0.528) and interest in R&D (Mean Score = 3.48; Factor Loading = 0.531) are the digital characteristics that can essentially forecast the acceptance of construction apps. The data backs up the notion that CPs would gain digital competency before accepting construction apps. This is because a digitally savvy CP will most likely embrace construction apps.Research limitations/implicationsFrameworks for accelerating digital technologies and innovations in the construction industry have been unveiled in this study. The research also gives recommendations for the evaluation, design and implementation of a more attractive construction app. This study also has implications for investigating the impacts of risk aversion, personal connection, social influence, technological curiosity and digital nativity as predictors of construction app uptake.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study serve as an index for prioritising digital traits for CPs and characterising a digitally proficient construction professional. The findings provide recommendations for organising, training and supporting construction personnel’ digital competencies. The research is useful for developing and implementing instructional digital training programmes.Originality/valueThis study is unusual in that it provides clear insights on construction apps as well as variables for building great user-experience apps for CPs, which are both limited in the literature.
Post pandemic “revenge travel”: developing organizations to address staff shortage
Authors: Jeffrey Heather Louise , Sposato Martin 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this viewpoint is to discuss and provide solutions for the current staffing crisis facing tourism-related industries. Considering that staff shortages are prominent in most industries this article suggests organizational changes that are needed to address these problems

Design/methodology/approach
This viewpoint unpacks the reason behind the shortage in staff and suggests potential solutions, based on organizational development

Findings
The strategies offered here as potential solutions for human resources center on changing the image of the roles that are suffering shortages. This includes developing organizational practices to provide changes in the areas of recruitment, reward, and work-life balance. These strategies are contextualized with the transformation of other jobs due to the global pandemic and the feminized nature of the tourism-related industries.

Originality/value
This viewpoint is particularly topical as it speaks to the current well-publicized crises in the staffing of airports and wider shortages of hospitality staff in developed nations. It is well positioned to spark discussion and future research on areas such as dignity at work in tourism-related industries, gendered work, and post-pandemic employment practices in services.