bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Prevalence and Burden of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Lv Hengliang , Zhang Xin , Bai Junzhu , You Shumeng , Li Xuan , Li Shenlong , Wang Yong , Zhang Wenyi , Xu Yuanyong , Zhang Xueli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:Tuberculosis(TB) has already threat to public health, especially drug-resistant TB, however, recent literature on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) from a global perspective is scarce. This study aims to provide comprehensive epidemiological evidence regarding the prevalence and burden of MDR-TB worldwide from 1990 to 2019.Methods:Estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) for the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASR of DALYs), and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of MDR-TB were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. The prevalence and burden of MDR-TB in 2019 were illustrated in the population and regional distribution. Temporal trends were analyzed by using Joinpoint regression analysis to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) , average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval(CI).Results: The estimates of the number of cases were 687,839(95% UI: 365,512 to 1223,262), the ASPR were 8.26 per 100,000 (95% UI: 4.61 to 15.20), the ASR of DALYs were 52.38 per 100,000 (95% UI: 22.64 to 97.60) and the ASDR were 1.36 per 100,000 (95% UI: 0.54 to 2.59) of MDR-TB at global in 2019. Substantial burden was observed in Africa and Southeast Asia. Males exhibited higher ASPR, ASR of DALYs, and ASDR than females across most age groups, with the burden of MDR-TB increasing with age. Additionally, significant increases were observed globally in the ASIR (AAPC = 5.8; 95% CI: 5.4 to 6.1;P< 0.001), ASPR (AAPC = 5.9; 95% CI: 5.4 to 6.4;P< 0.001), ASR of DALYs (AAPC = 4.6; 95% CI: 4.2 to 5.0;P< 0.001) and ASDR (AAPC = 4.4; 95% CI: 4.0 to 4.8;P< 0.001) of MDR-TB from 1990 to 2019.Conclusions:This study underscores the persistent threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis to public health. It is imperative that countries and organizations worldwide take immediate and concerted action to implement measures aimed at significantly reducing the burden of TB.
Quantifying the Processes and Events of Psychotherapy at Scale
Authors: Solomon Todd M. , Jemison Jamileh , Deschamps Alexander , Hajduk Matus , Kolar Adam , Majernik Martin , Pinheiro Miguel Amável , Muir Owen , Tinkelman Amanda , Kimmel Duncan J. , Karlin Daniel R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

BackgroundIn the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic telemedicine usage increased in the United States, especially in the field of mental health. The study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of collecting recordings of telemedicine psychotherapy, relevant electronic health records (EHR), and matched real-world data to create an aligned, multimodal dataset. We examine possible ways to use this dataset to train machine learning models, intending to explore the creation of tools that could assist psychotherapists.MethodsThis study was conducted through an outpatient, telemedicine-enabled, clinic in New York City. Participants were recruited from the existing treatment population and were already undergoing psychotherapy. After participants provided informed consent, each subsequent psychotherapy session was recorded, however, a participant could request that any individual session not be recorded without impact on study participation. Only sessions that occurred via telehealth were eligible for recording. This study also collected participants’ electronic health record (EHR) data from the study clinic as well as participants’ de-identified real-world data from aggregated records providers using a tokenized de-identification process provided by a third-party organization.ResultsWe successfully collected 34 psychotherapy session recordings from 19 participants across seven different providers as well as EHR and other real-world health data from all participants. Preliminary machine learning analyses were applied to the data, and a further plan for data analysis is discussed.ConclusionEstablishing this unique dataset is the first step to developing machine learning tools that can assist psychotherapists in their practice. This study demonstrates the feasibility of collecting more data of this nature, illustrates potential analyses that can be applied to the data, and how they may be used to help improve psychotherapy.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of N-arylmethylamide derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Guo Xin-Yuan , Shang Pan-Pan , Wei Ben-Ben , Du Wen-Rong , Lan Yong , Ma Zhengyue 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A series of N-arylmethylamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, the compounds were assayed for their inhibitory activity to cholinesterase in vitro, and the results indicated that most of the compounds had moderate inhibitory activity to cholinesterase. Among them, compound 22j showed the best inhibitory activity against BuChE (IC50 = 0.46 µM) and moderate inhibitory activity against AChE (IC50 = 6.52 µM); remarkably, compound 22c was found to be a dual inhibitor of AChE (IC50 = 1.11 µM) and BuChE (IC50 = 1.14 µM). In addition, the results of molecular docking studies exhibited that 22j could simultaneously bind to both CAS and PAS of BuChE, which was consistent with the mixed mode of inhibition shown by enzyme kinetic studies of 22j. Moreover, the molecular properties of all compounds were predicted by the molinspiration server, and the compounds 22j and 22c matched the most properties of orally administered drugs. All these suggested that 22j and 22c could be considered as a lead compound for the development of AD drugs.
A transcriptomic analysis of skeletal muscle tissues reveals promising candidate genes and pathways accountable for different daily weight gain in Hanwoo Cattle
Authors: Sheet Sunirmal , Jang Sun Sik , Kim Jae Hwan , Park Woncheoul , Kim Dahye 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cattle traits like average daily weight gain (ADG) greatly impact profitability. Selecting based on ADG considering genetic variability can lead to economic and genetic advancements in cattle breeding. This study aimed to unravel genetic influences on ADG variation in Hanwoo cattle at the skeletal muscle transcriptomic level. RNA sequencing was conducted on longissimus dorsi (LD), semimembranosus (SB), and psoas major (PM) muscles of 14 steers assigned to same feed, grouped by low (≤ 0.78 kg) and high (≥ 0.88 kg) ADG. At P ≤ 0.05 and log2fold > 1.5, distinct gene expression patterns were identified with 200, 172, and 210 differentially expressed genes in LD, SB, and PM muscles, respectively. Tissue-specific responses to ADG variation were evident, with myogenesis and differentiation associated JAK-STAT signaling pathway and prolactin signaling pathways enriched in LD and SB muscles, while adipogenesis-related PPAR signaling pathways were enriched in PM muscle. Key hub genes (AXIN2, CDKN1A, MYC, PTGS2, FZD5, SPP1) were upregulated and functionally significant in muscle growth and differentiation. Notably, DPP6, CDKN1A, and FZD5 emerged as potential candidate genes linked to ADG variation. These findings enhance our understanding of genetic factors behind ADG variation in Hanwoo cattle, illuminating skeletal muscle mechanisms influencing ADG.
Stochastic approach to study the properties of the complex patterns observed in cytokine and T-cells interaction process
Authors: Singh Moirangthem Shubhakanta , Singh Mairembam Kelvin , Singh R.K. Brojen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Patterns in complex systems store hidden information of the system which is needed to be explored. We present a simple model of cytokine and T-cells interaction and studied the model within stochastic framework by constructing Master equation of the system and solving it. The solved probability distribution function of the model show classical Poisson pattern in the large population limit $N,Z\rightarrow large$ indicating the system has the tendency to attract a large number of small-scale random processes of the cytokine population towards the basin of attraction of the system by segregating from non-random processes. Further, in the large $\langle Z\rangle$ limit, the pattern transform to classical Normal pattern, where, uncorrelated small-scale fluctuations are wiped out to form a regular but memoryless spatiotemporal aggregated pattern. The estimated noise using Fano factor shows clearly that the cytokine dynamics is a Poisson process
Preliminary Outcome of Immediate Effect of Photobiomodulation on PH and Salivary Flow
Authors: Fernandes Juliana Terra , Barros Ana Carolina Santos Menezes , Santos Heloísa Rafaela Lira Ramos , Iora Luísa Mazzeo Buchara , Rocha Samantha Patrícia Matuck , Santos Rosana Ferreira , Nammour Samir , Júnior Aldo Brugnera , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Motta Lara Jansiski 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective Xerostomia, a common side effect of radiotherapy, can significantly impact patients' quality of life. This study aimed to compare the immediate effects of infrared light photobiomodulation on salivary flow and pH in individuals experiencing xerostomia. Twenty adults with xerostomia participated in the study, divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) received extraoral photobiomodulation treatment, and Group 2 (G2) received both intra and extraoral treatment. Stimulated saliva was collected before and immediately after light application. In G1, the photobiomodulation was applied using a cluster with 3 spots (808 nm, 120 mW, 24J), while G2 received treatment with a pointer (808 nm, 100mW, 6J per point). The results confirmed our hypothesis, showing a statistically significant increase in immediate salivary flow stimulation with the headgear technique (G1) (p = 0.037). However, no significant change in salivary flow was observed in G2. Analyzing the percentage of volume variation (ml) per minute, the average salivary flow increased from 0.86 ml/min to 1.2 ml/min after extraoral application with an infrared laser cluster, representing a 7% increase. No significant change in pH was observed in either group. In conclusion, the protocol involving only extraoral application was effective in stimulating salivary flow, while the protocol combining intra and extraoral application did not yield the same results. Further research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms behind these differences and optimize photobiomodulation techniques for xerostomia management Clinical trial registration: NCT05413993 / 2022-06-10
Migrant Remittances, Income Inequality and Energy Poverty: A Pseudo Panel Approach
Authors: Wijayarathne J. M. D. Sandamali , Hassan Gazi M. , Holmes Mark J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Energy poverty is a widespread issue that prevents billions of people from accessing affordable, modern, and eco-friendly energy services. Energy poverty is difficult to alleviate because it is directly related to income; as a result, low-income households use more solid fuels, which harms human health, educational quality, and well-being. This will further reduce the income of low-income households and increase the income gap between low and high-income earners, resulting in income inequality. Therefore, income inequality would be the major impediment to eradicating energy poverty. Income inequality in developing countries is now highly influenced by foreign exchange earnings, particularly migrant remittances. As a result, migrant remittances would be a significant source of reducing income inequality and, thereby, energy poverty. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of migrant remittances on energy poverty and the mediating effect of income inequality on this relationship. The data comprises the four waves of the Sri Lankan Household Income and Expenditure Survey from over 84,000 households. An instrumental variable approach was used to address the endogeneity of remittances. The empirical analysis entails two-stage least squares (2SLS) and instrumental variable mediation analysis. Our key results suggest that a 10% increase in migrant remittances reduces energy poverty by 0.042 units, while income inequality significantly mediates this relationship. The findings have significant implications for policymakers and stakeholders interested in reducing income inequality and energy poverty.
JEL Classification: C36, D63, F24, I32, O15
Comparison of tacrolimus with or without prednisone therapy in primary membranous nephropathy : A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Dou Jingyu , Gao Ge , Sheng Xiaoxiao , Shen Ya , Feng Yuhua , Wu Xueying , Zhang Zhen , Cheng Genyang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective: Previous studies have shown tacrolimus monotherapy and dual therapy with tacrolimus and low-dose prednisone as effective treatment modalities in managing membranous nephropathy. However, few studies have compared these therapeutic regimens. We compared the safety and efficacy and relapse rates of following these treatment regimens in primary membranous nephropathy in this study.
Methods: One hundred and thirty-two patients(a total of 302 patients were excluded) diagnosed with MN viarenal needle biopsy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment regimen: (1) tacrolimus and prednisone dual therapy (T+P group, n = 67) treatment group; and (2) tacrolimus monotherapy (T group, n = 65) or the control group. High titer (PLA2Rab>150 RU / ml) may affect the outcome of PMN patients and therefore may be confounding factors, we performed a subgroup analysis to eliminate the bias in the relationship between the treatment regimen and the outcomes. Nineteen patients had a high titer in the T + P group, and 21 patients in the T group had a high titer. Patients were treated for approximately 48 weeks; observations were noted.
Results: The T group had a remission rate of 64.62%, while the T + P group had a remission rate of 88.06%; the mean remission times were 21.82±2.66 weeks and 10.80±1.91 weeks, respectively. The relapse rate for the T group was 23.08%, and that for the T + P group was 4.48%. The PLA2Rab levels and 24-hour urine proteinuria levels were significantly different between the two groups.There were no significant differences in serum creatinine levels or glomerular filtration rates between the groups. In addition, the groups had no significant differences in complications, including infection, gastrointestinal syndrome, hepatic dysfunction, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and new-onset hypertension.
Conclusions: Tacrolimus and low-dose prednisone dual therapy is efficacious in managing MN and lowers the recurrence rate in clinical practice.
Integration and Risk Transmission across Supply, Demand, and Prices in China's Housing Market
Authors: Nong Huifu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

This study explores the dynamic integration and risk transmission in the Chinese (residential) housing market using variance decompositions from the vector autoregression model. Our study covers the period from January 2000 to September 2022. The study’s results indicate that total connectedness changes over time, suggesting that it is sensitive to time-specific developments and short-run events. The new construction area is more likely to lead, while the construction area, especially the completed area, acts as a follower in the supply side of China’s housing market. Directional connectedness indicates that supply-side shocks generally lead demand-side shocks. Moreover, shocks usually run from housing prices to the supply side, and from the demand side to housing prices. This study also supports the predictive ability of connectedness measures for macroeconomic conditions, suggesting meaningful implications for investors, real estate developers, and policymakers.
JEL Classifications: R21, R31
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Pediatric Traumatic Injury in Brazil
Authors: Furtado Leopoldo Mandic Ferreira , Filho José Aloysio da Costa Val , Pereira Victor da Silva , Coimbra Yasmin Sotero , Magalhães Anne Ribeiro , Moreira Saulo Guimarães , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , de Miranda Aline Silva 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Globally, governments have implemented measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These measures raised social psychological concerns, causing increased stress among parents and restricted children’s freedom of movement. These factors might led to increased exposure of children to violence, which might result in abusive head trauma. Whether pandemic-related socioeconomic and environmental changes significantly affected the incidence and severity of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unexplored. We aimed to investigate the consequences of the pandemic on the mechanisms and severity of pediatric TBI and related mortality in Brazil.
Materials and methods
We investigated the patients with TBI aged <18 years who visited a tertiary trauma center in Brazil in 2019 and 2020.The variables included TBI classification, mechanism of trauma, clinical manifestations, need for neurosurgical intervention, and rates of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, we used a nationwide databank to collect information on mortality from external causes of trauma and violence in the pediatric population both before and during the pandemic.
Results
Of the patients with traumatic brain injury, 1371 visited the trauma center in 2019 and 1052 in 2020. No difference was noted in the incidence rate of abusive head trauma between these periods (P= 0.142) or in mortality from violence in Brazil. Falls from bicycles significantly increased during the pandemic (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
In Brazil, rates of abusive head trauma did not increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, but recreational mechanisms of pediatric TBI did increase. A program to educate the population about recreational safety should be implemented.
Gut microbiota promoting propionic acid production accompanies diet-induced intentional weight loss in cats
Authors: Rowe J. C. , Winston J. A. , Parker V. J. , McCool K. E. , Suchodolski J. S. , Lopes R. , Steiner J. M. , Gilor C. , Rudinsky A.J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRodent models and human clinical studies have shown gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play roles in obesity and insulin resistance. These roles have been minimally explored in cats, where in the USA an estimated 60% of cats are overweight or obese. Overweight/obese research cats (n = 7) were transitioned from a maintenance diet to a reduced calorie diet fedad libitumfor seven days, then calories were restricted to achieve 1–2% weight loss per week for an additional 77 days. Cats then received their original maintenance diet again for 14 days. Significant intentional weight loss was noted after calorie restriction (adjusted p < 0.0001). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and targeted SCFA metabolomics were performed on fecal samples. Fecal microbial community structure significantly differed between the four study phases (PERMANOVA p = 0.011). Fecal propionic acid was significantly higher during diet-induced weight loss (adjusted p < 0.05). Spearman correlation revealed the relative abundances ofPrevotella 9 copri(ρ = 0.6385, p = 0.0006) andBlautia caecimuris(ρ = 0.5269, p = 0.0068) were significantly correlated with propionic acid composition. Like humans, obese cats experienced an altered microbial community structure and function, favoring propionic acid production, during diet-induced weight loss.
Investigation of optimization model for predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment efficacy on contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of hepatocellular carcinoma using deep learning
Authors: Nakao Yasuhiko , Nishihara Takahito , Sasaki Ryu , Fukushima Masanori , Miuma Satoshi , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Akazawa Yuko , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background & Aims Although the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs)-targeted agents for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is promising, individual response variability exists. Therefore, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to predict treatment efficacy using pre-ICI contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics.
Approach & Results We evaluated the efficacy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab or lenvatinib in 43 patients at the Nagasaki University Hospital from 2020–2022) using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. A total of 197 Progressive Disease (PD), 271 Partial Response (PR), and 342 Stable Disease (SD) contrast CT images of HCC were used for training. We used ResNet18 as the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model and YOLOv7 as the You Only LookOnce (YOLO) model with precision-recall curves and class activation maps (CAMs) for diagnostic performance evaluation and model interpretation, respectively. The 3D t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding was used for image feature analysis. The CNN model had a PD prediction sensitivityof 84 %. However, the CAMs sites did not align with the tumors, suggesting the possible overlearning of non-tumor CT features. In contrast, the YOLO model demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.995 on the precision–recall curve for PD, providing accurate and clinically versatile predictions by identifying decisive points.
Conclusions Preparing substantial training data for tumor drug effect prediction models is challenging compared to general tumor diagnosis models; hence, large-scale validation using an efficient YOLO model is warranted.
The (in)visible Grid: Households’ Sensemaking of a Changing Power System
Authors: Brauer Hanna Björner , Håkansson Maria , Willermark Sara 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background In affluent countries, essential infrastructures like power systems are often taken for granted and thus invisible to ordinary people. However, because of energy transitions and climate impacts, the power system in countries such as Sweden is changing. For example, variable renewable power sources and increasing demand call for a potential need to be able to deal with changing conditions including disruptions at an end-use level, which makes the energy system come to the foreground. As argued in the paper, deeper knowledge about people’s sensemaking of a changing energy system is needed to support households in taking new roles. In this study, 12 interviews were conducted with people from 7 households in detached houses in Sweden participating in a trial with remote-controlled heat pumps.The aim was to investigate how householders make sense of the changing power system and possible power deficit scenarios in the future. Social representations theory and the concept of household energy resilience were used as theoretical lenses.Results Householders direct their understanding of power deficiency and changes in power supply at four different levels: household level, supplier level, national system level, and finally as a shared responsibility between the three. These insights reveal opportunities where households anticipate taking more active roles in a changing enery system – however they also identify responsibilities that other energy actors need to communicate clearly that they are taking on, to support households and the energy transition overall.Conclusions Our results show that there is potential for more active and engaged electricity end-users, beyond for example flexibility programs. However, households’ active participation, including becoming more energy resilient, is conditioned by challenges of value, involvement, and reciprocity, which are important to address as households are opening the “black box” that is the power system. The results will be of interest to professionals involved in electricity supply-related matters including suppliers, policymakers, and researchers.