bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
Authors: Assouguem Amine , Farah Abdellah , Kara Mohammed , Annemer Saoussan , Ullah Riaz , Ali Essam A. , Ercisli Sezai , Skender Azra , Lazraq Abderrahim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Biotic stress caused by pests on citrus trees has become a major problem for ecologists around the world, hence the need to develop ecological approaches to surmount this stress. To evaluate the effectiveness of diverse control methods on the pest Panonychus citri and its predators, Euseius stipulatus, Phytoseiulus persimilis, and Typhlodromus sp. Different treatments were applied in orchards planted by Citrus clementina in the Gharb area of Morocco (T0 = treated by water only, T1 = spirodiclofen (the molecular formula is C21H24Cl2O4). 0.5 L/ha, T2 = 5% black soap 125 L/ha, Its ingredients are: argan oil, olive oil, black olive, salt, water, vegetable potash, without chemicals. T3 = mixture of two detergents; Oni product is composed of the following ingredients (sodium C12-13 parenth sulfate, and sodium C14-17 alkyl sec sulfonate) and Tide product with the following ingredients (sodium C10-16 alkylbenzene sulfonate, propylene glycol and sodium borate). Results obtained during the follow-up period showed that the black soap, spirodiclofen, and two detergent treatments provided a decrease in the P. citri population in comparison with plot treated by water during the whole monitoring period. We found 5,044 mobile forms of P. citri in the plot treated by water only, 1,544 forms in the plot treated with spirodiclofen, 3,002 forms in the plot treated with black soap, and 1,567 mobile forms in the plot treated with two detergents. This study demonstrated that all three treatments had a negative effect on the predators that survived in comparison to the control (T0), while the negative impact of spirodiclofen on beneficial phytoseiid mites was greater than that of black soap and detergents. However, the increase in temperature according to the follow-up weeks showed a significant effect on the evolution of the density of the studied mites. Unfortunately, the chemical products like spirodiclofen used against various citrus pests are considered toxic to phytoseiids and to the agro-ecosystem in general. This comparison aims to detect the effectiveness of black soap and mixtures of two detergents on P. citri and their impacts on its predators: E. stipulatus, P. persimilis, and Typhlodromus sp. to replace the use of pesticides by these alternative methods, which remain effective and environmentally friendly.
Deep learning model for intrusion detection system utilizing convolution neural network
Authors: Kamil Waad Falah , Mohammed Imad Jasim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An integral part of any reliable network security infrastructure is the intrusion detection system (IDS). Early attack detection can stop adversaries from further intruding on a network. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to automate intrusion threat detection at a scale never previously envisioned have snowballed during the past 10 years. Researchers, software engineers, and network professionals have been encouraged to reconsider the use of ML techniques, notably in cybersecurity. This article proposes a system for detecting intrusion with two approaches, the first utilizing a proposed hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and Dense layers. The second utilizes naïve Bayes (NB) ML techniques and compares the two approaches to determine the best detection accuracy. The preprocessing of network data is necessary. The suggested technique is evaluated using the UNSW-NB15 Dataset to create a reliable classifier and an effective IDS. The experimental results for the proposed CNN-dense classifier outperformed the ML and DL models. CNN has a 99.8% accuracy rate compared to previous studies. At the same time, the Gaussian naïve Bayes, which is considered the best among the ML-utilized classifiers, yielded an 83% accuracy rate.
Artificial intelligence for molecular communication
Authors: Bartunik Max , Kirchner Jens , Keszocze Oliver 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Molecular communication is a novel approach for data transmission between miniaturised devices, especially in contexts where electrical signals are to be avoided. The communication is based on sending molecules (or other particles) at nanoscale through a typically fluid channel instead of the “classical” approach of sending electrons over a wire. Molecular communication devices have a large potential in future medical applications as they offer an alternative to antenna-based transmission systems that may not be applicable due to size, temperature, or radiation constraints. The communication is achieved by transforming a digital signal into concentrations of molecules that represent the signal. These molecules are then detected at the other end of the communication channel and transformed back into a digital signal. Accurately modeling the transmission channel is often not possible which may be due to a lack of data or time-varying parameters of the channel (e.g., the movements of a person wearing a medical device). This makes the process of demodulating the signal (i.e., signal classification) very difficult. Many approaches for demodulation have been discussed in the literature with one particular approach having tremendous success – artificial neural networks. These artificial networks imitate the decision process in the human brain and are capable of reliably classifying even rather noisy input data. Training such a network relies on a large set of training data. As molecular communication as a technology is still in its early development phase, this data is not always readily available. In this paper, we discuss neural network-based demodulation approaches relying on synthetic simulation data based on theoretical channel models as well as works that base their network on actual measurements produced by a prototype test bed. In this work, we give a general overview over the field molecular communication, discuss the challenges in the demodulations process of transmitted signals, and present approaches to these challenges that are based on artificial neural networks.
Time Travel and Collisions
Authors: Maslen Cei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on problems for time travel that specifically concern continuous time-travel to the past, problems to do with potential collisions with past obstacles such as former time-slices of the time traveler herself. These problems have not been discussed nearly as much as other questions about time travel, such as the Grandfather Paradox. Here I focus on discussions by Bernstein, Dowe, Grey and Le Poidevin. After examination, I conclude that only the problems of turning around in time have any merit and present a new proposal of my own for turning around in time without collisions. I assume a Lewisian framework throughout.
From Volta’s pile to lithium ion battery: 200 years of energy
Authors: Arbizzani Catia , Lacarbonara Giampaolo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a historical and scientific overview of the battery world, from the disrupting discovery of Alessandro Volta to the latest advances in lithium ion batteries. For sake of clarity, it has been divided into three parts: the past, the present and the future. The first part illustrates the historical path which led to the lithium ion batteries. The second part reports the main challenges to the Li ion batteries that have been and still must be faced for increasing their performance and their sustainability. In the last part, considerations about the future of lithium ion batteries are discussed, with a special focus on sustainability.
Association of the ACE2-Angiotensin1-7–Mas axis with lung damage caused by cigarette smoke exposure: a systematic review
Authors: Maleki Maryam , Aliboroni Alireza , Kheiri Amin , Kaffashian Mohammad Reza , Kheiry Maryam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Through the Mas receptor, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] has been shown to have a key role in the development of lung inflammation. This systematic review (SR) sought to identify the relationship between lung damage brought on by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)–Mas pathway. In this investigation, relevant keywords were used to search PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus (Elsevier), and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science up to December 2022. Nine studies were chosen because they satisfied the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The majority of research concluded that exposure to CS increased the risk of lung damage. Smoking cigarettes is the main cause of COPD because it causes massive amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to enter the lungs, which stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as the invasion of inflammatory cells like neutrophils and macrophages. These findings support the renin-angiotensin system’s (RAS) involvement in the pathophysiology of smoking-induced damage. Additionally, via stimulating pro-inflammatory mediators, aberrant RAS activity has been linked to lung damage. Lung inflammation’s etiology has been shown to be significantly influenced by the protective known RAS arm ACE2-Ang-(1-7)–Mas. In conclusion, these are important for informing policymakers to pass legislation limiting the use of smoking and other tobacco to prevent their harmful effects.
Diagnosing and managing heat exhaustion: insights from a systematic review of cases in the desert climate of Mecca
Authors: Yezli Saber , Yassin Yara , Ghallab Sujoud , Abdullah Mashan , Abuyassin Bisher , Vishwakarma Ramesh , Bouchama Abderrezak 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Heat exhaustion (HE) is a common, yet obscure, heat-related illness that affects millions of people yearly and its burden is projected to rise due to climate change. A comprehensive literature synthesis is lacking despite previous studies on various HE aspects. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by identifying and synthesizing available evidence on the risk factors, symptoms, biomarkers, treatment options, and outcomes for HE. The review focused on HE during the Muslim (Hajj) pilgrimage where the condition is endemic. We conducted a structured search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, SCOPUS, and CINAHL databases. We summarized the data from eligible studies and synthesized them in narrative form using pooled descriptive statistics. Ten studies were included between 1980 and 2019, reporting over 1,194 HE cases. HE cases presented with elevated core temperature (up to 40°C) and mainly affected older males from the Middle East and North Africa region, with overweight individuals at a higher risk. Clinical symptoms included hyperventilation, fatigue, dizziness, headaches, nausea, and vomiting, but not central nervous system disturbances. HE was associated with cardiac stress, and with water, electrolyte, and acid-base alterations. Cooling and hydration therapy were the primary management strategies, leading to a low mortality rate (pooled case fatality rate=0.11 % [95 % CI: 0.01, 0.3]). Most cases recovered within a few hours without complications. HE is associated with cardiac stress and changes in homeostasis, leading to distinct clinical symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment of HE are crucial in reducing the risk of complications and mortality. The review provides insights into the pathophysiology and outcomes of HE, adding to the scarce literature on the subject. Prospero registration number: CRD42022325759.
GABase and glutaminase inhibitory activities of herbal extracts and acylated flavonol monoglycosides isolated from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L.
Authors: Shimada Atsumi , Ueno Hiroshi , Kawabata Kohei , Inagaki Masanori 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study was to compare GABase [a mixture of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase] and glutaminase inhibitory activities of 20 herbal extracts and investigate the isolation, structural elucidation and those inhibitory activities of three acylated flavonol monoglycosides from the selected extract of Laurus nobilis L. (laurel). On the basis of the NMR spectroscopic data and the ESI MS spectra together with the comparison with the literature values, three compounds were identified as kaempferol-3-O-(4″-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-(3″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2) and kaempferol-3-O-(2″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), respectively. The IC50 values of GABase inhibitory activity of 1–3 and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA) as control were 0.24 mM, 0.14 mM, 0.12 mM and 0.43 mM, respectively. Additionally, the IC50 values of glutaminase inhibitory activity of 1–3 and 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) as control were 0.34 mM, 0.13 mM, 0.14 mM and 0.33 mM, respectively. The results suggest that the extract from laurel shows the strongest biological activities among 20 herbal extracts and three acylated flavonol monoglycosides may serve as potential lead compounds for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative and lifestyle-related diseases by targeting GABase and glutaminase. This is the first report on GABase and glutaminase inhibitory activities of 1–3.
Bace1 Deletion in the Adult Reverses Epileptiform Activity and Sleep–wake Disturbances in AD Mice
Authors: Yao Annie Y. , Halloran Patrick J. , Ge Yingying , Singh Neeraj , Zhou John , Galske James , He Wanxia , Yan Riqiang , Hu Xiangyou 
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases the risk for seizures and sleep disorders. We show here that germline deletion of β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) in neurons, but not in astrocytes, increased epileptiform activity. However,Bace1deletion at adult ages did not alter the normal EEG waveform, indicating less concern for BACE1 inhibition in patients. Moreover, we showed that deletion ofBace1in the adult was able to reverse epileptiform activity in 5xFAD mice. Intriguingly, treating 5xFAD and APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F(APP KI) mice of either sex with one BACE1 inhibitor Lanabecestat (AZD3293) dramatically increased epileptiform spiking, likely resulting from an off-target effect. We also monitored sleep–wake pathologies in these mice and showed increased wakefulness, decreased non-rapid eye movement sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep in both 5xFAD and APP KI mice; BACE1 inhibition in the adult 5xFAD mice reversed plaque load and sleep disturbances, but this was not seen in APP KI mice. Further studies with and without BACE1 inhibitor treatment showed different levels of plaque-associated microgliosis and activated microglial proteins in 5xFAD mice compared with APP KI mice. Together, BACE1 inhibition should be developed to avoid off-target effect for achieving benefits in reducing epileptic activity and sleep disturbance in Alzheimer’s patients.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBACE1 is widely recognized as a therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer’s disease patients. However, BACE1 inhibitors failed in clinical trials because of inability to show cognitive improvement in patients. Here we show that BACE1 inhibition actually reduces sleep disturbances and epileptic seizures; both are seen in AD patients. We further showed that one of clinically tested BACE1 inhibitors does have off-target effects, and development of safer BACE1 inhibitors will be beneficial to AD patients. Results from this study will provide useful guidance for additional drug development.
Gonadal Feedback Alters the Relationship between Action Potentials and Hormone Release in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in Male Mice
Authors: Chen Xi , Moenter Suzanne M. 
Published: August 2023

In vertebrates, the pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from neurons in the hypothalamus triggers secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins, which activate steroidogenesis, and steroids in turn exert typically homeostatic negative feedback on GnRH release. Although long-term episodic firing patterns of GnRH neurons in brain slices resemble the pulsatile release of GnRH and LHin vivo, neither the relationship between GnRH neuron firing and release nor whether this relationship is influenced by gonadal feedback are known. We combined fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and patch-clamp to perform simultaneous measurements of neuropeptide release with either spontaneous action potential firing or in response to neuromodulator or action-potential-spike templates in brain slice preparations from male mice. GnRH release increased with higher frequency spontaneous firing to a point; release reached a plateau after which further increases in firing rate did not elicit further increased release. Kisspeptin, a potent GnRH neuron activator via a Gq-coupled signaling pathway, triggered GnRH release before increasing firing rate, whether globally perfused or locally applied. Increasing the number of spikes in an applied burst template increased release; orchidectomized mice had higher sensitivity to the increased action potential number than sham-operated mice. Similarly, Ca2+currents triggered by these burst templates were increased in GnRH neurons of orchidectomized mice. These results suggest removal of gonadal feedback increases the efficacy of the stimulus–secretion coupling mechanisms, a phenomenon that may extend to other steroid-sensitive regions of the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPulsatile secretion of GnRH plays a critical role in fertility. The temporal relationship between GnRH neuron action potential firing and GnRH release remains unknown as does whether this relationship is influenced by gonadal feedback. By combining techniques of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and patch-clamp we, for the first time, monitored GnRH concentration changes during spontaneous and neuromodulator-induced GnRH neuron firing. We also made the novel observation that gonadal factors exert negative feedback on excitation–secretion coupling to reduce release in response to the same stimulus. This has implications for the control of normal fertility, central causes of infertility, and more broadly for the effects of sex steroids in the brain.
mPFC DUSP1 mediates adolescent cocaine exposure‐induced higher sensitivity to drug in adulthood
Authors: Wei Xiaoyan , Chang Jiasong , Cheng Zhen , Chen Wenwen , Guo Hao , Liu Zhaoyu , Mai Yuning , Hu Tao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Cai Qinglong , Ge Feifei , Fan Yu , Guan Xiaowei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdolescent cocaine abuse increases the risk for developing addiction in later life, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we establish adolescent cocaine‐exposed (ACE) male mouse models. A subthreshold dose of cocaine (sdC) treatment, insufficient to produce conditioned place preference (CPP) in adolescent mice, induces CPP in ACE mice during adulthood, along with more activated CaMKII‐positive neurons, higher dual specificity protein kinase phosphatase‐1 (Dusp1) mRNA, lower DUSP1 activity, and lower DUSP1 expression in CaMKII‐positive neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Overexpressing DUSP1 in CaMKII‐positive neurons suppresses neuron activity and blocks sdC‐induced CPP in ACE mice during adulthood. On the contrary, depleting DUSP1 in CaMKII‐positive neurons activates more neurons and further enhances sdC‐induced behavior in ACE mice during adulthood. Also, ERK1/2 might be a downstream signal of DUSP1 in the process. Our findings reveal a role of mPFC DUSP1 in ACE‐induced higher sensitivity to the drug in adult mice. DUSP1 might be a potential pharmacological target to predict or treat the susceptibility to addictive drugs caused by adolescent substance use.
In vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam and ceftazidime/avibactam against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from blood cultures in a University hospital in Serbia
Authors: Zornic Sanja , Petrovic Ivana , Lukovic Bojana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) blood culture isolates and their susceptibility to two new antibiotics, imipenem/relebactam and ceftazidime/avibactam. Out of 765 isolates recovered from blood cultures in a tertiary care hospital in Serbia between 2020 and 2023, 143 non-repetitive K. pneumoniae strains were included in this study. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the examined antimicrobial drugs was determined by VITEK 2 system, MIC test strip (imipenem/relebactam and ceftazidime/avibactam), and broth microdilution method (tigecycline and colistin). Carbapenemase-encoding genes (blaKPC, blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP) were detected using a multiplex-PCR assay, the BioFire-Blood Culture Identification 2-panel. This closed molecular assay is designed for the BioFire® FilmArray® system, enabling automated sample preparation, amplification, detection, and analysis (bioMérieux, France). Results revealed that K. pneumoniae was the most common isolate from blood cultures in 2022. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was about 11.6% in 2020 and 2021, while in 2022 it raised to over 30%. Also, the frequency of CRKP increased from 11.76% in 2020, through 15.29% in 2021 to 72.94% in 2022. The majority of CRKP carried blaOXA-48-like (60.0%), followed by blaKPC (16.47%), and blaNDM (8.24%) genes, while 14.12% harboured both blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM genes. Only 25.88% of CRKP isolates were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam, while 51.76% were resistant to imipenem/relebactam and colistin. The rapid spread of CRKP is particularly concerning because therapeutic options are limited to a few antibiotics. While imipenem/relebactam and colistin showed similar antimicrobial activity against CRKP clinical isolates, ceftazidime/avibactam proved to be the most effective antibiotic.