bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the role of the nurse unit manager in forensic mental health inpatient units: A qualitative study
Authors: Maguire Tessa , Mawren Daveena , Ryan Jo , Ennis Gary , Olasoji Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractForensic mental health (FMH) inpatient settings are complex working environments at times due to a number of factors including the presence of challenging behaviours that may include violence and aggression, restrictions related to legislation, extended length of stay and the impact of trauma. Nurse unit managers (NUMs) play an important role in managing the unit environment and clinical standards of care to achieve better outcomes for consumers and staff. However, the role of NUMs in an FMH setting is poorly understood. The overall aim of this study was to explore the role of NUMs working within an FMH setting in Victoria, Australia. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined the subject. Data were collected via focus groups from n = 32 participants which included NUMs, their managers, staff who work alongside the NUMs and the staff the NUMs manage. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and four themes were interpreted from the data, (i) lack of role clarity, (ii) the importance of clinical Leadership and forensic mental health knowledge, (iii) step up in responsibility and step down in pay and (iv) seeing the difference you make. The role of the NUM within a forensic mental health setting comes with a number of challenges, but also opportunities to enact change. An ongoing effort to better support those employed within the NUM role and make the role desirable for aspiring staff is critical to the sustainability of a skilled clinical workforce and quality of care in this complex setting.
Exploring the experiences of self‐determination of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and epilepsy
Authors: Haenen Alexandra , Frielink Noud , van Ool Jans , Tan Francis I. Y. , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile epilepsy can decrease quality of life and self‐determination in individuals without intellectual disabilities, the impact of epilepsy on experienced self‐determination in people with intellectual disabilities remains unclear.MethodWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with six adults (four men, two women) aged 30–61 with mild intellectual disabilities and drug‐resistant epilepsy to investigate their experiences of self‐determination. The data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (A) I am a competent person with epilepsy; (B) My social needs: being accepted as I am and stability in relationships; and (C) Being in control.ConclusionsIn this study, the impact of epilepsy on experienced self‐determination of people with mild intellectual disabilities outweighs the influence of intellectual disabilities. Identity formation, friendships with peers, and autonomy support in risk management are identified as important topics in supporting this group.
Dampening HOTAIR sensitizes the gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin through miR‐195‐5p and ABCG2 pathway
Authors: Luo Yaomin , Lu Xintong , Ma Wenrong , Xiao Yang , Wei Chen , Yuan Xiaoxia , Wu Yueyue , Wang Yunlin , Xiong Yiman , Yu Xin , Wu Xue , He Siqi , Liu Yayudie , Wang Jinjing , Wu Qing , Zhou Hui , Jiang Zhen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNA) have an extensive role in the progression and chemoresistance of gastric cancer (GC). Deeply study the regulatory role of lncRNAs could provide potential therapeutic targets. The aim of this study is to explore the regulatory role of HOTAIR in the progression and oxaliplatin resistance of GC. The expression of HOTAIR in GC and cell lines were detected by using qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analysed by CCK‐8, EdU incorporation and flow cytometry. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the interaction between HOTAIR and ABCG2 (ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) superfamily G member 2, ABCG2) via miR‐195‐5p. The regulatory functions were verified by using molecular biology experiments. HOTAIR was significantly overexpressed in GC and associated with poor prognosis. Knock‐down of HOTAIR inhibited the GC cells proliferation and oxaliplatin resistance, while overexpression of HOTAIR showed opposite functions. Further studies found that HOTAIR acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to absorb miR‐195‐5p and elevated the expression of ABCG2, which leads to resistance of GC cells to oxaliplatin. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that HOTAIR regulates ABCG2 induced resistance of GC to oxaliplatin through miR‐195‐5p signalling and illustrate the great potential of developing new therapeutic targets for GC patients.
Oral Porphyromonas gingivalis infection affects intestinal microbiota and promotes atherosclerosis
Authors: Park Sowon , Kim Inyoung , Han Soo Jung , Kwon Soyeon , Min Eun‐Ji , Cho Wonkyoung , Koh Hong , Koo Bon‐Nyeo , Lee Jung Seok , Kwon Jae‐Sung , Seo Kyoung Yul , Ha Jong‐Won , Park Young Mi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe link between periodontitis and intestinal dysbiosis, two factors that contribute to atherosclerosis, has not been clearly defined. We investigated the integrative effects of oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), the major pathogen for periodontitis, on intestinal microbiota and atherosclerosis.Materials and MethodsApoE−/− mice were fed a normal chow diet (NC), a Western diet (WD) or a WD with oral PG infection (PG). The PG infection was investigated by placing a total of 109 CFUs of live PG into the oral cavity of each mouse using a feeding needle five times a week for 3 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions of the aortae were measured, and blood lipoproteins and the expression of molecules related to lipid metabolism in the liver were analysed. We also performed 16S RNA sequencing and a microbiome analysis using faeces.ResultsEn face bloc preparation of the aortae showed that the PG group had a 1.7‐fold increase in atherosclerotic lesions compared with the WD group (p < .01). Serum analyses showed that oral PG infection induced a significant decrease in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride. Western blots of hepatic tissue lysates revealed that PG infection reduced the expression of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR‐B1) in the liver by 50%. Faecal microbiota analysis revealed that species richness estimates (Chao1, ACE) decreased immediately after PG infection. PG infection also induced a significant decrease in Shannon diversity and an increase in Simpson's indices in the WD‐fed mice. PG infection significantly increased the phyla Actinobacteria and Deferribacteres, along with the species Mucispirillum schaedleri and Lactobacillus gasseri, in the mice. The functional study showed that PG infection increased the expression of proteins that function in carbohydrate and glucose metabolism, including phosphotransferase system (PTS) proteins and the GntR family transcriptional regulator.ConclusionsOral PG infection promotes atherosclerosis and induces significant metabolic changes, including reduced serum HDL and reduced hepatic SR‐B1 and ABCA1 expression, as well as changes in intestinal microbiota. Our study suggests that intestinal dysbiosis accompanies periodontitis and could play a role in atherosclerosis.
Efficacy and safety of a novel triple combination cream compared to Kligman's trio for melasma: A 24‐week double‐blind prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bertold Clémence , Fontas Eric , Singh Tanya , Gastaut Nadia , Ruitort Sandra , Wehrlen Pugliese Sylvia , Passeron Thierry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundKligman's trio (KT), combining hydroquinone, retinoic acid and corticosteroid, is considered as the gold standard treatment of melasma. Its efficacy has never been matched before, but it is tempered by frequent adverse effects.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and tolerance of a New Trio (NT) combination with isobutylamido‐thiazolyl‐resorcinol, retinoic acid and cortosteroid compared to KT.MethodsWe conducted a 24‐week monocentric trial, randomized, double‐blind, controlled versus KT, with 40 melasma patients. NT and KT were applied for 12 weeks and associated with the same sunscreen applied for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI) at 12 weeks. Patient quality of life was investigated using MelasQoL.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, KT and NT groups both demonstrated a significant improvement in mMASI, respectively −2.84 (SE 0.69, p < 0.0002) and −4.33 (SE 0.71, p < 0.0001). The mean difference between the two groups was −1.49 (IC 95% −3.52 to 0.54, p = 0.14). MelasQoL improvement was −6.66 (SE 3.29, p = 0.0515) with KT and −12.57 (SE 3.29, p = 0.0006) with NT.ConclusionThe NT combination appears to be an effective treatment option for treating melasma and could be considered as a well‐tolerated alternative to KT.
Generalised decision curve analysis for explicit comparison of treatment effects
Authors: Hozo Iztok , Djulbegovic Benjamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRationaleDecision curve analysis (DCA) helps integrate prediction models with treatment assessments to guide personalised therapeutic choices among multiple treatment options. However, the current versions of DCA do not explicitly model treatment effects in the analysis but implicitly or holistically assess therapeutic benefits and harms. In addition, the existing DCA cannot allow the comparison of multiple treatments using a standard metric.Aims and ObjectivesTo develop a generalised version of DCA (gDCA) by decomposing holistically assessed net benefits and harms into patient preferences versus empirical evidence (as obtained in the trials, meta‐analyses of clinical studies, etc.) to allow individualised comparison of single or multiple treatments using a common metric.MethodsWe reformulated DCA by (1) decomposing holistic, implicit utilities into specific utilities related to treatment effects and patient's relative values (RV) about disease outcomes versus treatment harms, (2) explicitly modelling each treatment effect at the level of probabilities and/or utilities (outcomes) in a decision tree, and (3) avoiding scaling effects employed in the original DCA to enable comparison of treatment effects against the common metrics. We used data from a published network meta‐analysis of randomised trials to inform the use of statin treatment according to Framingham Risk Model.ResultsWe illustrate the analysis by modelling the effects of three statins in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. We performed simultaneous comparisons against standard metrics (RV) for all treatments. We examined for which RV values, a predictive model for guiding personalised treatment, outperformed the strategies of treating everyone or treating no one. We found that the magnitude of benefits (efficacy) seems more important than the simple ratio of efficacy/harms.ConclusionWe describe gDCA for evaluating single or multiple treatments to help tailor therapy toward individual risk characteristics. gDCA further helps integrate the principles of evidence‐based medicine with decision analysis.
Effect of aging and fiber‐reinforcement on color stability, translucency, and microhardness of single‐shade resin composites versus multi‐shade resin composite
Authors: Fidan Muhammet , Yağci Özhan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aging and fiber‐reinforcement on the color stability, translucency, and microhardness of single‐shade resin composites versus multi‐shade resin composite.Materials and MethodsFour resin composites (Filtek Z250, Omnichroma, Vittra APS Unique, Zenchroma) were tested. Three subgroups of specimens were prepared for each of the composites: control, polyethylene fiber‐reinforcement, and glass fiber‐reinforcement‐ groups (n = 10/per group). The samples were subjected to aging for 10,000 thermal cycles. Color differences (ΔE00) were calculated after aging. Relative translucency parameter (RTP00) and microhardness values were calculated before and after aging. A two‐way analysis of variance and the generalized linear model was used (p < 0.05).ResultsThe lowest and highest ΔE00values were found for Filtek Z250 (0.6 ± 0.2) and Omnichroma resin composites (1.6 ± 0.4), respectively. The ΔE00value of the polyethylene fiber‐reinforcement group (1.2 ± 0.6) was significantly higher than the ΔE00value of the glass fiber‐reinforcement group (1.0 ± 0.4,p < 0.001). The RTP00value of the glass fiber‐reinforcement group (1.92 ± 0.78) was significantly higher than the RTP00value of the polyethylene fiber‐reinforcement group (1.72 ± 0.77,p < 0.001). The highest microhardness values were found in glass fiber‐reinforcement group (76.48 ± 17.07,p < 0.001).ConclusionSingle‐shade resin composites were more translucent, had higher color change, and lower hardness than multi‐shade resin composite. For relative translucency and microhardness, statistical significance was found in the material and fiber type interaction. The glass fiber‐reinforcement provided higher translucency, lower color change and higher microhardness values than polyethylene fiber‐reinforcement group after aging. Thermocycling had a significant impact on the color stability, translucency parameter, and microhardness of the tested resin composite materials.Clinical SignificanceSingle‐shade resin composite materials have greater color‐changing potential. The glass fiber‐reinforcement optimize resin material mechanical properties and color stability more than polyethylene fiber‐reinforcement.
GABAA receptors in epilepsy: Elucidating phenotypic divergence through functional analysis of genetic variants
Authors: Absalom Nathan L. , Lin Susan X. N. , Liao Vivian W. Y. , Chua Han C. , Møller Rikke S. , Chebib Mary , Ahring Philip K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNormal brain function requires a tightly regulated balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmissions. γ‐Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors represent the major class of inhibitory ion channels in the mammalian brain. Dysregulation of these receptors and/or their associated pathways is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. To date, hundreds of different GABAA receptor subunit variants have been associated with epilepsy, making them a prominent cause of genetically linked epilepsy. While identifying these genetic variants is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective genetic counselling, it does not necessarily lead to improved personalised treatment options. This is because the identification of a variant does not reveal how the function of GABAA receptors is affected. Genetic variants in GABAA receptor subunits can cause complex changes to receptor properties resulting in various degrees of gain‐of‐function, loss‐of‐function or a combination of both. Understanding how variants affect the function of GABAA receptors therefore represents an important first step in the ongoing development of precision therapies. Furthermore, it is important to ensure that functional data are produced using methodologies that allow genetic variants to be classified using clinical guidelines such as those developed by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. This article will review the current knowledge in the field and provide recommendations for future functional analysis of genetic GABAA receptor variants.image
How can I measure brain acetylcholine levels in vivo? Advantages and caveats of commonly used approaches
Authors: Mineur Yann S. , Picciotto Marina R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) plays a central role in the regulation of multiple cognitive and behavioral processes, including attention, learning, memory, motivation, anxiety, mood, appetite, and reward. As a result, understanding ACh dynamics in the brain is essential for elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying these processes. In vivo measurements of ACh in the brain have been challenging because of the low concentrations and rapid turnover of this neurotransmitter. Here, we review a number of techniques that have been developed to measure ACh levels in the brain in vivo. We follow this with a deeper focus on use of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors coupled with fiber photometry, an accessible technique that can be used to monitor neurotransmitter release with high temporal resolution and specificity. We conclude with a discussion of methods for analyzing fiber photometry data and their respective advantages and disadvantages. The development of genetically encoded fluorescent ACh sensors is revolutionizing the field of cholinergic signaling, allowing temporally precise measurement of ACh release in awake, behaving animals. Use of these sensors has already begun to contribute to a mechanistic understanding of cholinergic modulation of complex behaviors.image
Individualized management of vasa previa and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Saji Shota , Hasegawa Junichi , Oyelese Yinka , Furuya Natsumi , Homma Chika , Nishimura Yoko , Nakamura Masamitsu , Suzuki Nao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe our individualized management protocol for women with an antenatal diagnosis of vasa previa (VP) and to report maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients managed according to our protocol.MethodsA retrospective study of prospectively collected data of antenatally diagnosed VP managed at our hospital between 2014 and 2021. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsFourteen cases of antenatally diagnosed VP in 5150 total deliveries were analyzed (0.3%) Five cases (36%) of VP were diagnosed during the routine fetal morphological ultrasound screening, and nine cases (64%) were referred to our hospital due to perinatal complications. There were nine cases that required hospitalization (due to fetal growth restriction [FGR] [1], preterm labor [3], patients' request [5]). The other five were asymptomatic. Eight patients were delivered by scheduled cesarean section at around 36 weeks and only three neonates were admitted to NICU with transient tachypnea of newborn. However, six patients required CS before the scheduled dates because of other complications (preterm labor [3], abnormal cardiotocogram patterns [1], FGR [1] and twin pregnancy [1]). Four neonates born by CS before their scheduled dates were admitted to NICU. No cases required prolonged hospitalization and there were no serious neonatal complications.ConclusionIndividualized management may lead to favorable outcomes with VP. Outpatient management may be considered in patients without risk factors. However, maternal hospitalization and earlier scheduled CS should be considered in symptomatic patients or those at risk for preterm delivery.
Ecoimmunological differences among congeneric tortoises in the United States
Authors: Sandmeier F. C. , Morales J. , Gomez M. , Kester M. , Gann‐Archuleta K. , Crooker C. , Goessling J. M. , Tracy C. R. , Weitzman C. L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractComparative studies, especially of related species that span across ecoregions, have the potential to increase our understanding of different ecological or evolutionary pressures that may drive host–pathogen dynamics. We quantified differences in immune investment, via differential leukocyte counts and bacteria‐killing assays, across four closely related species ofGopherustortoises, found across a gradient from the desert southwest to the subtropical southeast of the United States. We further quantified differences in a commensal nasal microbe (Pasteurella testudinis) and tested for associations among immune measures,P. testudinis, and previously quantified levels of the pathogenMycoplasma agassiziiand upper respiratory tract disease (URTD). We also evaluated the potential influence of environmental variables on immune investment,P. testudinis, and disease. We found that tortoise species in more arid environments had a reduced investment in inflammatory leukocytes, possibly as a strategy to reduce water loss, and invested more heavily in innate anti‐inflammatory leukocytes. Conversely, we found that species in moister, resource‐rich environments may face greater pathogen pressure, likely due to increased population densities and transmission rates among host tortoises. These tortoises had increased investment in inflammatory cells and appeared to reduce their nasal microbes (includingP. testudinis) when they exhibited URTD. Thus, we quantified two negative correlational patterns: (1) between inflammatory responses and water conservation and (2) between resource quality and transmission rates. We hypothesize that these relationships across species may reflect variable development or evolution of innate immune functions.
Naturally occurring variability in larval period length is associated with intraspecific differences in late tadpoles of a South American true toad
Authors: Regueira E. , Pavón Novarin M. , O'Donohoe M. E. A. , Valchi P. , Tropea C. , Trípodi M. , Hermida G. N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe larval period in anurans is highly plastic. Even though larval period length and larval size have been the most studied characteristics showing intraspecific variability, other features such as morphology, behavior, food preferences and physiology have also been described as plastic. Metamorphic changes are triggered by thyroid and interrenal hormones, and environmental signals modulate the onset of metamorphosis via the hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal axis. The South American bufonid toad Rhinella arenarum from nearby Buenos Aires City has a larval period of 30–120 days under the same environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate life‐history traits in tadpoles from different localities and potential morphological differences among tadpoles with different larval period length. For this purpose, we reared under natural conditions tadpoles from two different localities nearby Buenos Aires City and in three different years measured their size at the end of metamorphosis and recorded their larval period length. The external appearance, histo‐morphology and morphometry of the skin and kidney/interrenal complex were studied in metamorphs with short and long larval periods (SLP and LLP, respectively). We observed a larval period lasting 30–120 days in tadpoles from different localities or years. SLP metamorphs were smaller, darker, had less protruding eyes without eyelids, a thinner epidermis and fewer skin glands than LLP metamorphs. The secretion of skin glands from SLP tadpoles had acidic glycoconjugates. Kidney size was similar between LLP and SLP metamorphs, but the former had an adult‐like histomorphology. Interrenal gland in LLP early and late climax tadpoles had cells with a high nucleus/cell diameter ratio, a sign of highly active steroidogenic cells. Overall, these results show that intraspecific variability in size, skin and interrenal gland development is associated with differences in larval period length. Distinct skin gland number and secretion, along with distinct interrenal histology at late climax, could have physiological consequences in the post‐metamorphic life.