bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy may protect the brain against prolonged consequences of headache attacks: A narrative/hypothesis review
Authors: Fila Michal , Pawlowska Elzbieta , Szczepanska Joanna , Blasiak Janusz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the potential of autophagy in migraine pathogenesis.BackgroundThe interplay between neurons and microglial cells is important in migraine pathogenesis. Migraine‐related effects, such as cortical spreading depolarization and release of calcitonin gene–related peptide, may initiate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐mediating pro‐nociceptive signaling in the meninges causing headaches. Such signaling may be induced by the interaction of ATP with purinergic receptor P2X 7 (P2X7R) on microglial cells leading to a Ca2+‐mediated pH increase in lysosomes and release of autolysosome‐like vehicles from microglial cells indicating autophagy impairment.MethodsA search in PubMed was conducted with the use of the terms “migraine,” “autophagy,” “microglia,” and “degradation” in different combinations.ResultsImpaired autophagy in microglia may activate secretory autophagy and release of specific proteins, including brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which can be also released through the pores induced by P2X7R activation in microglial cells. BDNF may be likewise released from microglial cells upon ATP‐ and Ca2+‐mediated activation of another purinergic receptor, P2X4R. BDNF released from microglia might induce autophagy in neurons to clear cellular debris produced by oxidative stress, which is induced in the brain as the response to migraine‐related energy deficit. Therefore, migraine‐related signaling may impair degradative autophagy, stimulate secretory autophagy in microglia, and degradative autophagy in neurons. These effects are mediated by purinergic receptors P2X4R and P2X7R, BDNF, ATP, and Ca2+.ConclusionDifferent effects of migraine‐related events on degradative autophagy in microglia and neurons may prevent prolonged changes in the brain related to headache attacks.
Why It Is Not Unreasonable to Fear Terrorism
Authors: Fish Eran 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTA common view has it that since we are far likelier to be killed in some road or household accident than in a terror attack, our fear of the latter is exaggerated. I argue that terrorism's relatively limited death toll need not mean that fearing it is unreasonable, nor does it immediately imply that counter‐terrorism policies are unjustified – whatever other, legitimate concerns these policies give rise to. First, I argue that in the special case of terrorism, it is misleading to focus on risk per capita, as critics typically do. Second, while terrorism has a probabilistic component which should be relevant to decision‐making, risk is not entirely or even primarily what terrorism is all about. Third, I argue that fearing terrorism may be reasonable even while recognizing the small probability of personal harm. Due to terrorism's random character, the belief that one will escape harm rests on little more than statistical evidence. As I explain, this leaves some room for reasonable doubt, and a justified level of fear.
Inflammation‐stratified augmentation of vortioxetine with celecoxib: Results from a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in major depressive disorder
Authors: Kavakbasi Erhan , Sampson Emma , Mills Natalie T. , Hori Hikaru , Schwarte Kathrin , Hohoff Christa , Schubert K. Oliver , Clark Scott R. , Fourrier Célia , Baune Bernhard T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLow‐grade inflammation is considered as a pathophysiological mechanism in a subtype of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Anti‐inflammatory drugs have shown efficacy in treating MDD. However, it remains unclear how to identify suitable patients for anti‐inflammatory treatment of depression. This study investigates the predictive value of pre‐treatment high‐sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein (hsCRP) stratification on the outcome of celecoxib augmentation of vortioxetine. The PREDDICT study was conducted as a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled 6‐week trial on augmentation of vortioxetine with celecoxib between December 2017 and April 2020 at the University of Adelaide (Australia). The present analysis focusses on the question of whether the pre‐treatment hsCRP measurement and stratification of patients to depression with inflammation (hsCRP >3 mg/L) or without inflammation (hsCRP ≤3 mg/L) has an impact on the outcome of anti‐inflammatory treatment with celecoxib. A total of n = 119 mostly treatment‐resistant MDD patients with moderate to severe symptomatology were recruited in the trial. There was no effect of treatment group (celecoxib or placebo), pre‐treatment hsCRP strata (with/without inflammation), or interaction between the two terms on treatment outcome. The results of the current analysis do not support the hypothesis that pre‐treatment hsCRP level is predictive for response to anti‐inflammatory treatment with celecoxib in MDD patients. Further research is needed to identify appropriate biomarkers for the prediction of anti‐inflammatory treatment outcome in depression.Clinical Trials RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12617000527369p. Registered on 11 April 2017, http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12617000527369p.image
Women's Health Care Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Annual report—2023
Authors: Terauchi Masakazu , Higuchi Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Women's Health Care Committee was established in 2010 with the goal of improving women's health. In the current academic year, there are six subcommittees focusing on conducting the following surveys: (1) the current status of pregnancy‐associated breast cancer in Japan; (2) surgery for disorders of sex development; (3) diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder; (4) obstetrics and gynecology‐based treatment for patients with eating disorders in Japan; (5) multi‐drug‐resistant bacterial infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology; and (6) changing the methodology of the treatment of dysmenorrhea and continuing medical education. The activities of each subcommittee are described below. This report is based on the Japanese version of the annual report (Acta Obst Gynaec Jpn 2023;75(6):662–86).
Prediction of postnatal abnormal umbilical cord coiling by antenatal evaluation in pregnant women: Diagnostic accuracy study; a systematic review
Authors: Ghalichi Leila , Ghadikolaei Omolbanin Asadi , Hosseinkhan Nazanin , Abedini Azadeh , Ahmadi Shahnaz , Najafi Laily 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveUmbilical cord abnormalities increase neonatal morbidity and mortality. Considering uncertainties about the best time of an antenatal ultrasonography scan to evaluate the umbilical coiling index (UCI), this systematic review was designed to assess the diagnostic accuracy value of antenatal ultrasound assessments to predict abnormal postpartum UCI.MethodsAll observational, cross‐sectional, case–control, cohort, and diagnostic accuracy studies up to March 26, 2022, were searched and assessed according to PRISMA guidelines in Ovid, Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Proquest, Science Direct, and Clinical Key databases, and Google Scholar search engine.ResultsThe total number of 63 190 documents were retrieved from databases. The duplicates (19 272) were removed, 43 918 articles were screened for relevance, and 56 papers were selected for full‐text evaluation, resulting in 14 qualified pieces subjected to the quality CASP tools for each type of study. Finally, six articles were evaluated, extracted, and confirmed. Overall, we had 16 evaluations (11 normal pregnancies, 4 gestational diabetes mellitus, and 1 group at risk for small gestational age), from which 9 and 7 were respectively performed in the second and third trimesters. Most of the evaluations considered both hypocoiling and hypercoiling. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under curves (AUCs) change range between the evaluations were 0.09–0.97, 0.59–0.96, and 0.262–0.84, respectively.ConclusionObserving any coiling abnormalities in every trimester, both the second and third, is highly sensitive to predicting abnormal postnatal UCI (pUCI). Conclusively, any detected antenatal abnormality is worth attention. Both trimesters' evaluations are essential, and no superiority is seen for any of them. The systematic review revealed statistical and clinical heterogeneity; a meta‐analysis was impossible.
The association between hypoalbuminemia and microcirculation, endothelium, and glycocalyx disorders in children with sepsis
Authors: Fernández‐Sarmiento Jaime , Hernández‐Sarmiento Ricardo , Salazar María Paula , Barrera Sofia , Castilla Valeria , Duque Catalina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum albumin levels and microcirculation changes, glycocalyx degradation, and the clinical outcomes of interest.MethodsObservational, prospective study in children with sepsis. The primary outcome was the association between hypoalbuminemia and microcirculation disorders, endothelial activation and glycocalyx degradation using a perfused boundary region (PBR) (abnormal >2.0 μm on sublingual video microscopy) or plasma biomarkers (syndecan‐1, angiopoietin‐2).ResultsA total of 125 patients with sepsis were included. The median age was 2.0 years (IQR 0.5–12.5). Children with hypoalbuminemia had more abnormal microcirculation with a higher PBR (2.16 μm [IQR 2.03–2.47] vs. 1.92 [1.76–2.28]; p = .01) and more 4–6 μm capillaries recruited (60% vs. 40%; p = .04). The low albumin group that had the worst PBR had the most 4–6 μm capillaries recruited (rho 0.29; p < .01), 48% higher Ang‐2 (p = .04), worse annexin A5 (p = 0.03) and no syndecan‐1 abnormalities (p = .21). Children with hypoalbuminemia and a greater percentage of blood volume in their capillaries needed mechanical ventilation more often (56.3% vs. 43.7%; aOR 2.01 95% CI 1.38–3.10: p < .01).ConclusionsIn children with sepsis, an association was found between hypoalbuminemia and microcirculation changes, vascular permeability, and greater endothelial glycocalyx degradation.
Practical understanding
Authors: O'Brien Lilian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWell‐functioning agents ordinarily have an excellent epistemic relationship to their intentional actions. This phenomenon is often characterized as knowledge of what one is doing and labeled “practical knowledge”. But when we examine it carefully, it seems to require a particular kind of understanding ‐ understanding of the normative structure of one's action. Three lines of argument are offered to support this Necessity of Understanding thesis. The first appeals to the nature of intentional action and the second to our everyday reasons explanation of action. The final line of argument draws on a practical amnesia case in which an agent forgets her overall goal while acting. Implications of the Necessity of Understanding thesis for the widely endorsed non‐observational view of practical knowledge are briefly discussed. It is argued that support for the non‐observational view is weaker than has been appreciated.
Nuances of knowing: Brain potentials reveal implicit effects of domain knowledge on word processing in the absence of sentence‐level knowledge
Authors: Troyer Melissa , Kutas Marta , Batterink Laura , McRae Ken 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn previous work investigating the relationship between domain knowledge (of the fictional world of Harry Potter) and sentence comprehension, domain knowledge had a greater impact on electrical brain potentials to words which completed sentences about fictional “facts” participants reported they did not know compared to facts they did. This suggests that individuals use domain knowledge continuously to activate relevant/related concepts as they process sentences, even with only partial knowledge. As that study relied on subjective reports, it may have resulted in response bias related to an individual's overall domain knowledge. In the present study, we therefore asked participants with varying degrees of domain knowledge to complete sentences describing fictional “facts” as an objective measure of sentence‐level knowledge. We then recorded EEG as the same individuals (re‐)read the same sentences, including their appropriate final words, and sorted these according to their objective knowledge scores. Replicating and extending Troyer et al., domain knowledge immediately facilitated access to meaning for unknown words; greater domain knowledge was associated with reduced N400 amplitudes for unknown words. These findings constitute novel evidence for graded preactivation of conceptual knowledge (e.g., at the level of semantic features and/or relations) in the absence of lexical prediction. Knowledge also influenced post‐N400 memory/integration processes for these same unknown words; greater domain knowledge was associated with enhanced late positive components (LPCs), suggesting that deeper encoding during language processing may be engendered when knowledgeable individuals encounter an apparent gap in their knowledge.
A time compositional analysis of the association between movement behaviors and indicators of mental health in young adults
Authors: Murray Ross M. , Doré Isabelle , Sabiston Catherine M. , Michael Fady , O'Loughlin Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMovement behaviors (i.e., physical activity [PA], sedentary behaviors [SB], sleep) relate to mental health. Although movement behaviors are often analyzed as distinct entities, they are in fact highly inter‐dependent (e.g., if an individual increases sleep, then PA and/or SB must be reduced) and these dependencies should be accounted for in the analysis. We tested whether perceptions of time spent in movement behaviors (i.e., moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA [MVPA], light physical activity [LPA], SB, and sleep) related to depressive symptoms and self‐report mental health in young adults using a compositional analysis. We then estimated change in depressive symptoms with reallocation of time across movement behaviors using compositional time‐reallocation models.MethodsData were drawn from the longitudinal NDIT dataset. Complete data were available for 770 young adults (Mage = 20.3, 55% females).ResultsThe proportion of time spent in MVPA relative to other movement behaviors related to depressive symptoms non‐significantly and to mental health significantly. Reallocating 15 min from MVPA to SB resulted in a significant (0.46 unit) increase in depressive symptoms, and reallocating 15 min of MVPA to LPA was associated with a (0.57) increase in depressive symptoms.ConclusionThese results indicate the importance of relative time spent in each movement behavior to mental health. Further research should examine these associations over time.
Interfacial Dynamics Around a Swirling Roller in the Presence of Oppositely Imposed Horizontal Crossflows
Authors: Panda Santosh Kumar , Rana Basanta Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The behavior of interfacial dynamics around a swirling circular drum is reported in the presence of horizontal crossflows of gaseous phase. A constant submergence ratio of the rotary drum is considered throughout this work. Forward and reverse crossflows are defined based on the direction of rotation of drum. A clockwise rotation is imposed on the drum and the rotation direction remains fixed throughout the present investigation. The pattern of film flow and cusp entrainment is observed thoroughly by considering rotational speed (ω) and strength of crossflow as influencing parameters. Strength of crossflow of gaseous phase is calibrated using flow Reynolds number based on roller diameter (Reflow=ρgUD/μg). Subsequently, we characterized the coated film thickness (h*=h/D) and cusp width (H*=H/D) by varying ω and Reflow. Furthermore, efforts are made to observe the influence of gravitational pull (calibrated using Archimedes number, Ar) and viscous drag (determined using Morton number, Mo) on interfacial morphology. The interfacial structures respond more to the rotational inertia compared to crossflow with the continuous increase of Mo. Again, the trailing end of cusp gets widened for the case of forward crossflow, whereas the cusp growth is obstructed in the presence of reverse crossflow, which is visualized using velocity vectors. We have also predicted appropriate correlations for film thickness (h*), cusp width (H*), and steady cusp length (θs*) in the presence of forward as well as reverse crossflow of air stream. Lastly, a theoretical framework is also developed to estimate film thickness and cusp width for both cases of crossflows and this framework agrees well with the simulated predictions.
Machine learning uncovers the
Pseudomonas syringae
transcriptome in microbial communities and during infection
Authors: Bajpe Heera , Rychel Kevin , Lamoureux Cameron R. , Sastry Anand V. , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

The transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of the phytopathogen
Pseudomonas syringae
pv.
tomato
DC3000 regulates its response to environmental stimuli, including interactions with hosts and neighboring bacteria. Despite the importance of transcriptional regulation during these agriculturally significant interactions, a comprehensive understanding of the TRN of
P. syringae
is yet to be achieved. Here, we collected and decomposed a compendium of public RNA-seq data from
P. syringae
to obtain 45 independently modulated gene sets (iModulons) that quantitatively describe the TRN and its activity state across diverse conditions. Through iModulon analysis, we (i) untangle the complex interspecies interactions between
P. syringae
and other terrestrial bacteria in cocultures, (ii) expand the current understanding of the
Arabidopsis thaliana-P. syringae
interaction, and (iii) elucidate the AlgU-dependent regulation of flagellar gene expression. The modularized TRN yields a unique understanding of interaction-specific transcriptional regulation in
P. syringae
.

IMPORTANCE

Pseudomonas syringae
pv.
tomato
DC3000 is a model plant pathogen that infects tomatoes and
Arabidopsis thaliana
. The current understanding of global transcriptional regulation in the pathogen is limited. Here, we applied iModulon analysis to a compendium of RNA-seq data to unravel its transcriptional regulatory network. We characterize each co-regulated gene set, revealing the activity of major regulators across diverse conditions. We provide new insights on the transcriptional dynamics in interactions with the plant immune system and with other bacterial species, such as AlgU-dependent regulation of flagellar genes during plant infection and downregulation of siderophore production in the presence of a siderophore cheater. This study demonstrates the novel application of iModulons in studying temporal dynamics during host-pathogen and microbe-microbe interactions, and reveals specific insights of interest.
Supplemental Material: A kinematic model linking the Sevier and Laramide belts in the Idaho-Montana fold-thrust belt, U.S. Cordillera
Authors: Parker Stuart D. , Pearson David M. 
Published: August 2023

<p>Plate 1. Compiled geologic map for Idaho-Montana fold-thrust belt (see Figs. 1 and 2 for location). Map units are lumped by age, with post-orogenic Cenozoic rocks shown in white. Scale is 1:500,000 when viewing full-size image.</p>
<p>Plate 2. Area-balanced and restored cross sections (see Plate 1 for accompanying map). Scale is 1:500,000. Note that the restored (undeformed) cross section is presented in two pieces (lower cross sections). Maximum temperatures and burial estimates of Parker et al. (2022) and approximate burial envelope are shown. </p>
Apnoea-triggered increase in fraction of inspired oxygen in preterm infants: a randomised cross-over study
Authors: Marshall Andrew , Ladlow Oliver J , Bannink Charlotte , Lim Kathleen , Ali Sanoj K M , Gale Timothy J , Dargaville Peter A 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of a pre-emptive apnoea triggered oxygen response on oxygen saturation (SpO2) targeting following central apnoea in preterm infants.DesignInterventional crossover study of a 12-hour period of automated oxygen control with an apnoea response (AR) module, nested within a crossover study of a 24-hour period of automated oxygen control compared with aggregated data from two flanking 12-hour periods of manual control.SettingNeonatal intensive care unitPatientsPreterm infants receiving non-invasive respiratory support and supplemental oxygen; median (IQR) birth gestation 27 (26–28) weeks, postnatal age 17 (12–23) days.InterventionAutomated oxygen titration with an automated control algorithm modified to include an AR module. Alterations to inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) were actuated by a motorised blender. Desired SpO2range was 90–94%. Apnoea detection was by capsule pneumography.Main outcome measuresDuration, magnitude and area under the curve (AUC) of SpO2deviations following apnoea; frequency and duration of apnoeic events. Comparisons between periods of manual, automated and automated control with AR module.ResultsIn 60 studies in 35 infants, inclusion of the AR module significantly reduced AUC for SpO2deviations below baseline compared with both automated and manual control (manual: 87.1%±107.6% s, automated: 84.6%±102.8% s, AR module: 79.4%±102.7% s). However, there was a coincident increase in SpO2overshoot (AUC (SpO2>SpO2(onset)); manual: 44.3±99.9% s, automated: 54.7%±103.4% s, AR module: 65.7%±126.2% s).ConclusionAutomated control with a pre-emptive apnoea-triggered FiO2boost resulted in a modest reduction in post-apnoea hypoxaemia, but was followed by a greater SpO2overshoot.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000300471.