bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Repeating Earthquakes in the Continental Crust and Subducting Slabs: Triggering of Earthquakes by Aseismic Slip
Authors: Nakajima Junichi , Hasegawa Akira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRepeating earthquakes, or repeaters, which repeatedly rupture the same location and release the strain energy, are interpreted as repeated ruptures of an isolated asperity patch surrounded by a stable sliding regime. While repeaters are frequently observed along plate‐boundary faults, the occurrence of repeater sequences are reported in various tectonic settings. Here we systematically investigate whether repeaters occur in the continental crust and subducting slabs beneath the Japanese Islands and show a prevalence of repeaters in both locations. The crustal and intraslab repeaters show the power‐law decay of seismicity rates that is identical to that along plate‐boundary faults and occur on well‐defined fault planes coincidentally with non‐repeating earthquakes. These observations suggest that repeaters share a common generation process independent of the tectonics regime and are not distinct from non‐repeaters in their source locations and occurrence times. We thus infer that repeaters and non‐repeaters are both generated by ruptures of locked asperities in response to stress loading by aseismic slip in the surrounding stable regime. Repeater sequences can be observed when aseismic slip is large enough to rupture an isolated asperity more than twice, while no repeaters are generated when the amount of aseismic slip is not sufficient to cause multiple ruptures at an isolated asperity. Since an earthquake cannot be triggered unless the amount of the aseismic stress loading exceeds the strength of asperities at the fault, hidden aseismic slip probably occurs repeatedly and frequently during an interseismic period.
The Variable Continuous Bimaterial Interface in the San Jacinto Fault Zone Revealed by Dense Seismic Array Analysis of Fault Zone Head Waves
Authors: Share P.‐E. , Vernon F. L. , Ben‐Zion Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractKey factors controlling earthquake ruptures include fault geometry, continuity, and seismic velocity structure around the fault. We present a novel tool that better informs deep bimaterial fault geometry embedded in distributed damage and seismicity, associated velocity contrasts across the fault, and their correlations with surface complexities. The method employs fault zone head and direct body waves and is applied to recordings from five spatiotemporally different seismic arrays along the complex San Jacinto fault zone (SJFZ) in southern California. We detect and distinguish these signals based on instantaneous phase coherence and relative energy in a cascading manner from one scale array to another. The analysis reveals a >70‐km long continuous bimaterial interface within the SJFZ with several deep northeast dipping fault segments. The northern SJFZ, for instance, locates ∼7 km northeast of its surface expression at 18‐km depth. P‐wave velocity contrasts range from near 0% to >15%, consistent with other bimaterial faults, and differ by a few % depending on fault‐array azimuth, implying directional‐dependent velocity contrasts. S‐wave head waves and velocity contrasts are also imaged for the first time at the southern SJFZ, averaging to 2.9% in agreement with tomography results. The imaged geometry and continuity suggest the SJFZ initiated along remnant tectonic structures and translates to a rupture potential of M > 7.2, i.e., the sizes of its largest paleo‐earthquakes. The P and S contrasts, and their ratios, have important implications for earthquake rupture speed, mode, directivity, and frictional heating along the SJFZ and other major faults globally.
C20 and C30 Variations From SLR for GRACE/GRACE‐FO Science Applications
Authors: Cheng Minkang , Ries John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is essential that the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) estimates of C20 and C30 are as reliable as possible for GRACE and GRACE Follow‐on science applications. Experiments in combining SLR and GRACE data indicated that not accounting for the influence of the higher‐degree even zonal terms results in a lower trend for C20 and slightly overestimates the annual variation. The data are insufficient for separating C30 and C50 within a month from the five satellites used in GRACE Technical Note 11 (TN11) (Cheng & Ries, 2016, https://podaac‐tools.jpl.nasa.gov/drive/files/allData/grace/docs/TN‐11_C20_SLR.txt). LARES's eccentricity is extremely sensitive to the gravitational perturbations of C30 and plays an important role in the reliable determination of C30. Applying a time‐variable gravity (TVG) forward model (based on GRACE) for the higher‐degree coefficients improves the recovery of the lower‐degree coefficients, such as C30, C50, and C60 when a GRACE‐based empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is also applied. A better time series of C20 and C30 (represented by TN11E as the updated TN11) was determined from seven satellites (including −1 and 2, Starlette, Ajisai, Stella, BEC, and LARES) and adjusting a degree and order 5 (5 × 5) field + C60, C61, and S61 based on the TVG model and an EOF analysis of GRACE. The estimated rate of the C20 is comparable with that from TN14 (Loomis et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082929), but the seasonal variations appear to be better recovered from this study. The time series of C30 from this study is comparable with the GRACE RL06 solution for the period prior to March 2012 and appropriate for application to the GRACE‐FO mission.
A Spatially Integrated Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (SiDIC) Model for Aquatic Ecosystems Considering Submerged Vegetation
Authors: Nagatomo K. , Nakayama K. , Komai K. , Matsumoto H. , Watanabe K. , Kubo A. , Tada K. , Maruya Y. , Yano S. , Tsai J. W. , Lin H. C. , Vilas M. , Hipsey M. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNet ecosystem production (NEP) by submerged aquatic vegetation plays a substantial role in capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide into aquatic ecosystems. In lakes and estuaries, the net uptake of carbon dioxide by submerged aquatic vegetation is mediated by stratification of the water column which suppresses the vertical flux of carbon dioxide between the upper and lower layers. The presence of submerged aquatic vegetation can also affect the strength of stratification such that the interactions between vegetation, stratification, and NEP can moderate the carbon dioxide emissions. Since stratification can occur in lakes and estuaries, there is need for a new numerical approach able to consider the effect of submerged aquatic vegetation on stratification, NEP, and carbon dioxide. This study aims to develop a model to investigate how stratification, mediated by vegetation density and flexibility, affects the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). After initial parameterization of coefficients based on experimental work, horizontal and vertical variations in DIC were successfully modeled by a spatially (horizontally) integrated DIC (SiDIC) model, which was validated with field observations from an estuarine and freshwater lake case study. The SiDIC model was able to reproduce the pCO2 changes between daytime and nighttime throughout the water column. Sensitivity tests showed that the fluctuation of pCO2 was controlled by the suppression of stratification due to the density of submerged aquatic vegetation. The results highlight the importance of resolving vegetation‐induced stratification when modeling the carbon budget within freshwater lakes and coastal environments.
Distinct spatiotemporal subtypes of amyloid deposition are associated with diverging disease profiles in cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment individuals
Authors: Sun Yuqing , Zhao Yuxin , Hu Ke , Wang Meng , Liu Yong , Liu Bing ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the relationship between spatiotemporal changes of amyloid deposition and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) profiles in cognitively normal (CN) and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Using a data-driven method and amyloid-PET data, we identified and validated two subtypes in two independent datasets (discovery dataset: N = 548, age = 72.4 ± 6.78, 49% female; validation dataset: N = 348, age = 74.9 ± 8.16, 47% female) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative across a range of individuals who were CN or had MCI. The two subtypes showed distinct regional progression patterns and presented distinct genetic, clinical and biomarker characteristics. The cortex-priority subtype was more likely to show typical clinical syndromes of symptomatic AD and vice versa. Furthermore, the regional progression patterns were associated with clinical and biomarker profiles. In sum, our findings suggest that the spatiotemporal variants of amyloid depositions are in close association with disease trajectories; these findings may provide insight into the disease monitoring and enrollment of therapeutic trials in AD.
Altered distribution and localization of organellar Na+/H+ exchangers in postmortem schizophrenia dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Pruett Brandon S. , Pinner Anita L. , Kim Pitna , Meador-Woodruff James H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia is a complex and multifactorial disorder associated with altered neurotransmission as well as numerous signaling pathway and protein trafficking disruptions. The pH of intracellular organelles involved in protein trafficking is tightly regulated and impacts their functioning. The SLC9A family of Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) plays a fundamental role in cellular and intracellular pH homeostasis. Four organellar NHE isoforms (NHE6-NHE9) are targeted to intracellular organelles involved in protein trafficking. Increased interactions between organellar NHEs and receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1) can lead to redistribution of NHEs to the plasma membrane and hyperacidification of target organelles. Given their role in organelle pH regulation, altered expression and/or localization of organellar NHEs could be an underlying cellular mechanism contributing to abnormal intracellular trafficking and disrupted neurotransmitter systems in schizophrenia. We thus characterized organellar NHE expression, co-immunoprecipitation with RACK1, and Triton X-114 (TX-114) phase partitioning in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 25 schizophrenia and 25 comparison subjects by Western blot analysis. In schizophrenia after controlling for subject age at time of death, postmortem interval, tissue pH, and sex, there was significantly decreased total expression of NHE8, decreased co-immunoprecipitation of NHE8 (64%) and NHE9 (56%) with RACK1, and increased TX-114 detergent phase partitioning of NHE6 (283%), NHE9 (75%), and RACK1 (367%). Importantly, none of these dependent measures was significantly impacted when comparing those in the schizophrenia group on antipsychotics to those off of antipsychotics for at least 6 weeks at their time of death and none of these same proteins were affected in rats chronically treated with haloperidol. In summary, we characterized organellar NHE expression and distribution in schizophrenia DLPFC and identified abnormalities that could represent a novel mechanism contributing to disruptions in protein trafficking and neurotransmission in schizophrenia.
Size distributions of intracellular condensates reflect competition between coalescence and nucleation
Authors: Lee Daniel S. W. , Choi Chang-Hyun , Sanders David W. , Beckers Lien , Riback Joshua A. , Brangwynne Clifford P. , Wingreen Ned S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhase separation of biomolecules into condensates has emerged as a mechanism for intracellular organization and affects many intracellular processes, including reaction pathways through the clustering of enzymes and pathway intermediates. Precise and rapid spatiotemporal control of reactions by condensates requires tuning of their sizes. However, the physical processes that govern the distribution of condensate sizes remain unclear. Here we show that both native and synthetic condensates display an exponential size distribution, which is captured by Monte Carlo simulations of fast nucleation followed by coalescence. In contrast, pathological aggregates exhibit a power-law size distribution. These distinct behaviours reflect the relative importance of nucleation and coalescence kinetics. We demonstrate this by utilizing a combination of synthetic and native condensates to probe the underlying physical mechanisms determining condensate size. The appearance of exponential distributions for abrupt nucleation versus power-law distributions under continuous nucleation may reflect a general principle that determines condensate size distributions.
New Dielis species and structural dichotomy of the mitochondrial cox2 gene in Scoliidae wasps
Authors: Szafranski Przemyslaw 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSome mitochondrial protein-coding genes of protists and land plants have split over the course of evolution into complementary genes whose products can form heteromeric complexes that likely substitute for the undivided proteins. One of these genes, cox2, has also been found to have split in animals, specifically in Scoliidae wasps (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) of the genus Dielis (Campsomerini), while maintaining the conventional structure in related Scolia (Scoliini). Here, a hitherto unrecognized Nearctic species of Dielis, D. tejensis, is described based on its phenotype and mtDNA. The mitogenome of D. tejensis sp. nov. differs from that of the sympatric sibling species Dielis plumipes fossulana by the reduced size of the cox2-dividing insert, which, however, still constitutes the fifth part of the mtDNA; an enlarged nad2-trnW intergenic region; the presence of two trnKttt paralogues; and other features. Both species of Dielis have a unique insertion of a threonine in COXIIA, predicted to be involved in COXIIA-COXIIB docking, and substitutions of two hydrophobic residues with redox-active cysteines around the CuA centre in COXIIB. Importantly, the analysis of mtDNA from another Campsomerini genus, Megacampsomeris, shows that its cox2 gene is also split. The presented data highlight evolutionary processes taking place in hymenopteran mitogenomes that do not fall within the mainstream of animal mitochondrion evolution.
Leveraging space–time modulation for energy coupling control in electromagnetic coupled transmission lines structures
Authors: Baharian Mohammad , Rashed Mohassel Jalil A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article presents a technique for controlling energy coupling in a coupled transmission line system based on the space–time modulation concept. The per-unit-length mutual capacitance and mutual inductance of the structure are modulated in space and time. The main idea is based on the harmonic generation property of space–time modulated media. As the amplitude of harmonics is a function of modulation parameters it is demonstrated that by choosing an appropriate space–time modulation scheme energy of different harmonics can be engineered leading to crosstalk reduction. In the quest for designing an effective space–time modulation scheme, an analytical method is developed for the examination of the space–time modulated coupled transmission line. The proposed method which is based on the state space formulation and benefits from the coupled mode theory is fast and accurate making it feasible for design problems. To validate the proposed analytical method, a full-wave simulation method has been used. The time-varying nature of the problem makes the finite-difference-time-domain the most appropriate choice. The validity of the analytical method is rigorously verified against the developed finite-difference-time-domain technique. The interest in circuit design techniques in an IC-compatible fashion in microwave circuits and the introduction of tunable material such as graphene in the THz regime leads to a positive future for the proposed space–time modulation-based crosstalk reduction method.
Dose rate effect on mortality from ischemic heart disease in the cohort of Russian Mayak Production Association workers
Authors: Azizova Tamara V. , Grigoryeva Evgeniya S. , Hamada Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor improvement of the radiation protection system it is crucial to know the factors that modify the radiation dose–response relationship. One of such key factors is the ionizing radiation dose rate. There are, however, very few studies that examine the impact of the dose rate on radiogenic risks observed in human cohorts exposed to radiation at various dose rates. Here we investigated the impact of the dose rate (in terms of the recorded annual dose) on ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality among Russian nuclear workers chronically exposed to radiation. We observed significantly increased excess relative risks (ERR) of IHD mortality per unit of external gamma-ray absorbed dose accumulated at higher dose rates (0.005–0.050 Gy/year). The present findings provide evidence for the association between radiation dose rate and ERRs of IHD mortality in occupationally chronically exposed workers per unit total dose. IHD mortality risk estimates considerably increased with increasing duration of uninterrupted radiation exposure at high rates. The present findings are consistent with other studies and can contribute to the scientific basis for recommendations on the radiation protection system.
Soil consolidation acoustic experiment and pore pressure prediction model establishment—taking the Yingqiong Basin as an example
Authors: Han Zhongying , Sun Bo , Cheng Yuanfang , Yan Chuanliang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo establish a pore pressure prediction model suitable for the Yingqiong Basin in the South China Sea. A new laboratory test method was designed to simulate the core consolidation process, and an acoustic experiment for soil consolidation was carried out to analyze various parameters and establish an abnormal pore pressure prediction model suitable for the target block. First, the cause of abnormally high pressure in the Yingqiong Basin is analyzed and identified, and a simulation experiment of stratum loading and unloading is performed. The soil consolidation, experimental equipment and experimental plan are designed. Several sets of experiments were carried out, the changes in various parameters during the experiment were analyzed and summarized, the pore pressure prediction model suitable for this area was standardized and established, and application verification and evaluation were carried out in some wells in this area. The results show that the prediction model is accurate and applicable, and the pore pressure can be predicted by the soil consolidation experiment method that the prediction accuracy is slightly better than the traditional prediction model. In this study, a feasible soil consolidation acoustic experiment method can be used to establish a rock mechanics experiment and a pore pressure prediction model without strict core rock. The experiments have proved the feasibility of this method and obtained two prediction models, including loading mechanism and unloading mechanism prediction models.
Pien Tze Huang regulates phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes in mice of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Jinxia , Wang Shicong , Lan Wenliang , Ji Ming , Li Mei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Chinese medicine formula Pien Tze Huang (PZH) has been applied to the treatment of various diseases, the reported anti-tumor mechanisms included regulation of inflammation-associated cytokine secretion and cancer growth pathways. However, the potential influence of PZH on tumor metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the global effect of PZH on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with the anti-tumor agent sorafenib based on tandem mass tag (TMT) label proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis in addition to parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) verification. It was observed that PZH could inhibit tumor weight by 59–69% in different concentrations. TMT proteomic studies indicated that fructose/mannose metabolism and glucagon signaling pathway in PZH group, and arachidonic acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway in sorafenib group, were significantly enriched, while glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was found to be enriched remarkably both in PZH and sorafenib groups in TMT phosphoproteomic study. PRM verification further indicated that both PZH and sorafenib could down-regulate phosphorylations of the glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinases 1, fructose-bisphosphate Aldolase A, phosphoglycerate mutase 2 and lactate dehydrogenase A chain, while phosphorylations of long chain fatty acid CoA ligase in fatty acid activation and acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase in glycolysis were significantly inhibited by PZH and sorafenib, respectively. This study proposed that PZH shared a similar anti-tumor mechanism of metabolic regulation to sorafenib, but differed in the regulation of some metabolic nodes. This is the first time to uncover the relationship between the anti-tumor effect of PZH and metabolic related enzymes, which distinguished from the known mechanisms of PZH. These data provided the potential molecular basis for PZH acting as a therapeutic drug for HCC, and offered cues of manipulation on Warburg effect under the treatment of PZH.
Core Concepts for a Course on Materials Chemistry
Authors: Radhakrishnan T P 
Published: February 2023

Anyone who has taught materials chemistry will be aware that it is an expansive subject. Whilst this makes it exciting, it can also overwhelm students who end up lost in the detail. This book provides an antidote.
Aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students, Core Concepts for a Course on Materials Chemistry is a distillation of the fundamental topics born out of the author’s 30 years of teaching experience.
Covering many broad themes in materials chemistry, this textbook provides teachers and students with the essential concepts in a concise form. Taking a systematic approach, the book is arranged into seven chapters:
Solid State Structure
Defects and Non-stoichiometry
Thermal Properties
Electrical Properties
Magnetic Properties
Optical Properties
Materials Synthesis and Fabrication
The author adopts a telescopic approach to each area, capturing the broader picture before detail is revealed, allowing students to readily make logical connections. The strong visual focus conveys complex ideas in a comprehensive style, supporting the physical and analytical presentation.
A note on how to effectively use the book is included for instructors, making this text easy to embed in existing or new materials chemistry courses. Students will benefit from the numerous examples that place the topics in the right context, and the exercises that test comprehension. Suitable for chemists and materials scientists, this book is ideal for self-study, as well as for the efficient teaching of a course.