bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep SCMA receiver: A low‐complexity joint decoder and channel estimator for SCMA over time‐varying channels using RNNs
Authors: Gamal Doaa , Elsayed Khaled M. F. , Mehana Ahmed Hesham 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a promising non‐orthogonal multiple access scheme for cellular Internet of things (IoT) due to its ability to support massive connectivity, grant‐free transmission and scalability. Inspired by the recent developments of deep learning for physical layer communications, we present a design of an uplink SCMA receiver using deep learning. We propose the use of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for joint channel estimation and multiuser data detection of uplink SCMA under time‐varying Rayleigh channel using a single deep learning structure. The use of RNNs enables the receiver to learn the time correlation between the received samples with a very low pilot density and with low complexity. Compared with the conventional SCMA receiver, the simulation results show that the proposed deep learning‐based receiver can achieve BER performance similar to that of the conventional SCMA receivers (such as sparse pilot channel estimator and message‐passing algorithm detector) with very low pilot density and with much lower complexity. Moreover, the proposed SCMA receiver shows good resilience to small changes in the receiver speed (second‐order channel statistics) which enables the proposed deep learning receiver to work over a reasonable range of receiver speeds without parameter tuning. Fine tuning the network parameters to capture the variations of the channel, during online transmission using small data sets and small training period, is also checked and provides additional BER benefits.
Seasonal variation of yield and composition in extracts from immature and mature Eucalyptus bosistoana leaves
Authors: Rajapaksha Chamira , Apiolaza Luis Alejandro , Squire Marie A. , Altaner Clemens 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSeasonal variations of yield and composition in microwave extracts from mature and immature Eucalyptus bosistoana leaves were monitored for 2 years. The highest yield (average 16.7 μL/g (fresh)) and percentage of 1,8‐cineole (average 67.1%) were obtained from the leaves collected during summer and the lowest during winter. Mature leaves contained a significantly higher (p ≤ .001) proportion of 1,8‐cineole in their extract (60.9%) than immature leaves (44.6%). Total yield ranged from 3.0 to 27.0 μL/g (fresh) in mature leaves and from 6.0 to 26.7 μL/g (fresh) in immature leaves. Significant differences between half‐sibling families were observed, indicating genetic control of these traits. E. bosistoana leaf extracts could be comparable in quality and quantity to that of E. globulus, the species dominating global essential eucalyptus oil production. Oil quality and quantity could be optimized by harvesting mature leaves during summer from superior families.
Impacts of fire suppression on above‐ground carbon stock and soil properties in Borana rangelands, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Feyisa Kenea , Beyene Sheleme , Angassa Ayana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFire is a natural disturbance that releases carbon back into the atmosphere. Pastoralists have used fire for many thousands of years for rangeland management. The use of fire in the Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia was a common practice to improve the productivity of the rangelands. However, the use of fire as a tool to manage rangeland was prohibited by government policy in the early 1970s.MethodsIn this study, we assessed the long‐term impacts of fire suppression on aboveground carbon stocks of woody and herbaceous biomass, soil organic carbon stocks, and total nitrogen stocks at burned versus adjacent unburned areas in the Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia. The investigation was conducted in two locations: Dikale and Sanke. The upland location was represented by Dikale, while the bottomland location was represented by Sanke. Each study site was replicated three times, with burned versus adjacent unburned areas representing each replicate. Soil samples were collected in three soil depths (0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm), while vegetation attributes were collected from 60 plots within three burned and three adjacent unburned sites in each landscape.ResultsThe soil organic carbon stock and pooled carbon stock between burned and unburned sites across the two landscapes showed minimal variation. The above‐ground carbon biomass accumulation for woody and herbaceous plants did not show any significant difference between burned and unburned sites both at the bottomland and upland areas. The total nitrogen contents recorded at uplands in burned sites were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the total nitrogen stocks for the unburned adjacent sites.ConclusionsBurned areas accumulated relatively more carbon stocks in terms of herbaceous biomass (3.27 ± 0.43 Mg ha−1) than the adjacent unburned areas (0.98 ± 0.43 Mg ha−1). The results of the current study suggest that burning improved the carbon sequestration potential of herbaceous plants in arid savanna ecosystems.
Citrulline inhibits LPS‐induced pyroptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages through NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Yin Li , Wei Xiaomin , Zhang Yanjun , Lu Chengshu , Wang Huakun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of citrulline on the pyroptosis of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 and the mechanism. We investigated the effect of citrulline on pyroptosis of RAW264.7 cell induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the modulation of nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) signaling.MethodsPyroptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry and caspase‐1/sytox double staining. Cell counting kit‐8 assay was performed to evaluate cell viability.ResultsCitrulline promoted cell viability and inhibited the pyroptosis of RAW264.7 cell stimulated by LPS. Furthermore, citrulline inactivated NF‐κb/p65 signaling pathway by suppressing p65 nuclear translocation induced by LPS. An NF‐κb signaling pathway activator, betulinic acid, reversed the inhibition of pyroptosis induced by citrulline.ConclusionCitrulline inhibited LPS‐induced pyrophosis, which may be closely related to the inactivation of NF‐κB/p65 signaling pathway.
Toll‐like receptors in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic potential
Authors: Dabi Yosef Tsegaye , Ajagbe Abayomi O. , Degechisa Sisay T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern‐recognition receptors triggered by pathogen‐derived and tissue‐damage‐related ligands. TLRs were previously believed to only be expressed in immune cells. However, it is now confirmed that they are ubiquitously expressed in cells within the body including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). Activation of TLRs is capable of inducing immunologic and inflammatory responses to injury or infection of CNS. This response is self‐limiting that usually resolves once the infection has been eradicated or the tissue damage has been repaired. However, the persistence of inflammation‐inducing insults or a failure in normal resolution mechanisms may result in overwhelming inflammation which may induce neurodegeneration. This implies that TLRs may play a role in mediating the link between inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases namely Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, stroke, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. So, new therapeutic approaches that specifically target TLRs may be developed by better understanding TLR expression mechanisms in the CNS and their connections to particular neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, this review paper discussed the role of TLRs in neurodegenerative diseases.
Elevated levels of interleukin‐33 are associated with asthma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Ranran , Shi Yun , Liu Na , Li Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies reported that patients with asthma showed higher levels of interleukin (IL)‐33 in peripheral blood, compared to healthy control (HCs). However, we also noticed that there were no significant differences of IL‐33 levels between controls and asthma patients in a recent study. We aim to conduct this meta‐analysis and evaluate the feasibility of IL‐33 in peripheral blood that may act as a promising biomarker in asthma.MethodsArticles published before December 2022 were searched in these databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar). We used STATA 12.0 software to compute the results.ResultsThe study showed that asthmatics showed higher IL‐33 level in serum and plasma, compared to HCs (serum: standard mean difference [SMD] 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12−3.00, I2 = 98.4%, p < .001; plasma: SMD 3.67, 95% CI 2.32−5.03, I2 = 86.0%, p < .001). Subgroup analysis indicated that asthma adults showed higher IL‐33 level in serum, compared to HCs, whereas no significant difference in IL‐33 level in serum was showed between asthma children and HCs (adults: SMD 2.17, 95% CI 1.09−3.25; children: SMD 1.81, 95% CI −0.11 to 3.74). The study indicated that moderate and severe asthmatics showed higher IL‐33 level in serum, compared to mild asthmatics (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.41−1.16, I2 = 66.2%, p = .011).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the main findings of present meta‐analysis suggested that there was a significant correlation between IL‐33 levels and the severity of asthma. Therefore, IL‐33 levels of either serum or plasma may be regarded as a useful biomarker of asthma or the degree of disease.
A case of gangrenous cystitis with bilateral hydronephrosis 10 years after radiotherapy
Authors: Oniwa Mariko , Kataoka Yuki , Yamada Midori , Miyagawa Takuya , Sunada Takuro , Konishi Hideyuki , Suzuki Gen , Fujita Yoko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn 84‐year‐old woman who was admitted for protein‐losing gastroenteropathy associated with radiation enteritis 10 years after pelvic radiotherapy developed pyelonephritis. She became anuric despite having an indwelling bladder catheter. Imaging studies revealed bladder wall thickening, bilateral hydroureter formation, and hydronephrosis. Autopsy findings led to a diagnosis of gangrenous cystitis (GC). Our case indicates that radiation‐induced late effects may be an indirect cause of GC, not a direct cause as previously suggested, and that GC may induce bilateral vesicoureteral junction obstruction.
Antiviral activity of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) against HIV‐1 clinical isolates harboring K65R
Authors: Cox Stephanie , Margot Nicolas , Callebaut Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a prodrug of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor tenofovir (TFV). Compared to the earlier TFV prodrug, TFV disoproxil fumarate (TDF), TAF achieves more than fourfold‐higher intracellular levels of its active metabolite TFV diphosphate (TFV‐DP) in clinical studies, while achieving a significant reduction of TFV systemic exposure. Resistance to TFV has been well established, with the K65R mutation in RT as the signature mutation. Here we evaluated the in vitro activity of TAF and TDF in patient‐derived HIV‐1 isolates harboring the K65R mutation. Clinical isolates containing K65R were cloned into the pXXLAI construct (n = 42). In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of the constructs to TAF and TDF was evaluated in an MT‐2 cell HIV assay and in viral breakthrough assays modeling physiological concentrations of TAF and TDF. TAF and TDF susceptibility were highly correlated in K65R‐containing mutants, ranging from 2.7‐ to 3.0‐fold (K65R alone) and 1.2‐ to 27.6‐fold (K65R+ other RT mutations) relative to wild‐type. In viral breakthrough assays mimicking differences in physiological concentrations, TAF inhibited breakthrough of 40 of 42 clinical isolates, while the TDF equivalent only inhibited 32 of 42 isolates tested. TAF displayed a higher barrier to resistance than TDF in this panel of K65R‐containing clinical isolates.
Esketamine versus Sufentanil Applied Prior to Placement of Suspension Laryngoscope
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Ying , Zhu Sha , Yang Xin , Zhang Jian‐Xi , Liang Xiao‐Shen , Zhang Shuai , Guo Qu‐Lian , Huang Chang‐Sheng 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveIn laryngeal microsurgery, the insertion of the suspension laryngoscope is a strong stimulus that may cause hemodynamic fluctuations and adverse cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of preemptive treatment with esketamine and sufentanil on maintaining hemodynamics and reducing the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events during the insertion of suspension laryngoscope.MethodsIn this double‐blind randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing general anesthesia for laryngeal microsurgery were randomly assigned (1:1) to esketamine 0.5 mg kg−1(esketamine group) and sufentanyl 0.125 μg kg−1(sufentanil group) before inserting the laryngoscope, respectively.ResultsDuring the insertion of suspension laryngoscope, the incidence of bradycardia (HR < 60 beats/min) was 39.3% (22/56) in esketamine group, lower than 60.0% (33/55) in sufentanil group (odds ratio [OR], 2.32 [95% CI, 1.11–5.08];p = 0.029). The incidence of hypotension (MAP <65 mmHg) was 33.9% (19/56) in esketamine group, lower than 56.4% (31/55) in sufentanil group (odds ratio [OR], 2.52 [95% CI, 1.91–5.27];p = 0.018). The frequency of hypotension in esketamine group was lower than that in sufentanil group (0.36 ± 0.52 vs. 0.56 ± 0.50,p = 0.035). The time‐weighted average of HR dropping above 30% of baseline was smaller in esketamine group than in sufentanil group (0.52 ± 2.06 vs. 1.08 ± 2.77,p = 0.006).ConclusionsThese findings showed that compared with preemptive treatment of sufentanil (0.125 μg kg−1), esketamine (0.5 mg kg−1) was effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events, including bradycardia and hypotension induced by the insertion of suspension laryngoscope during the laryngeal microsurgery.Level of Evidence2Laryngoscope, 133:3021–3027, 2023
Molecular Assessment of Metabolome Alterations in Lotus japonicus Roots Induced by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
Authors: Ranner Josef , Paries Michael , Stabl Georg , Gutjahr Caroline , Stark Timo D. , Dawid Corinna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis, which is established by 80% of all vascular plants and Glomeromycota fungi, can boost the growth, stress tolerance, and yield of agricultural crop plants by increasing the mineral supply of the host plant [1]. Mineral nutrients absorbed by the fungus are exchanged for photoassimilates from the plant via highly branched fungal structures called arbuscules which are formed within root cortex cells [2]. The process of arbuscule formation and degradation is highly dynamic and accompanied by considerable cell reprogramming [3], but there is only limited knowledge on the influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the host metabolome.We investigated alterations of the host plant's root metabolome induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis using the model legume Lotus japonicus. Methanol extracts of mycorrhizal (myc) and non‐mycorrhizal roots (mock) were analyzed employing ultra‐highperformance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–time‐of‐flight–ion mobility–mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–ToF–IM–MS) in an untargeted metabolomics approach. Up‐regulated marker metabolites were identified via principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA) depicted as S‐plots, and their structures elucidated by co‐chromatography with authentic standards or by isolation from L. japonicus roots using preparative HPLC and one‐ and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) experiments. We isolated three previously unknown mycorrhizal marker polyphenols from L. japonicus roots, one being a coumaronochromone, one pterocarp‐6a‐ene, and one aryl benzofuran carboxaldehyde. Additionally, we identified three more coumaronochromones, three flavonoids, three isoflavonoids, and one coumestan in mycorrhized L. japonicus.
Investigation and analysis of frailty and nutrition status in older adult patients with hip fracture
Authors: Li Yiping , Liu Feiwu , Xie Haofen , Zhu Yingchun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the current situation of frailty and the main influencing factors of frailty of older patients with hip fracture.MethodsUsing a fixed‐point consecutive sampling method, we investigated older adult patients with hip fracture aged ≥60 years who were hospitalized in an orthopedic ward of a tertiary hospital from January 2021 to March 2022. We also assessed the prevalence of frailty and malnutrition by trial of the fatigue, resistance, aerobic capacity, illnesses, and loss of weight (FRAIL) scale and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria to analyze the factors influencing frailty.ResultsA total of 216 older adult patients with hip fracture were collected, 106 (49.08%) were frail, 72 (33.33%) were prefrail, 38 (17.59%) were nonfrail, 103 (47.69%) were at overall nutrition risk, and 76 (35.19%) were malnourished. The results of bivariate correlation analysis showed that frailty score was correlated with age, the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) score, body mass index (BMI), C‐reactive protein, hemoglobin (Hb), serum albumin (ALB), and serum prealbumin, and was negatively correlated with ADL score, BMI, Hb, and ALB (r = −0.399, −0.420, −0.195, −0.283, respectively; P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, number of underlying diseases, ADL score, BMI score, and nutrition status were important influencing factors of frailty (P < 0.05).ConclusionOlder adult patients with hip fracture are frail and prefrail, with a high prevalence of malnutrition. Advanced age, combined underlying diseases, and a low BMI score were risk factors for preoperative frailty.
Post‐modification of electrospun chitosan fibers
Authors: Welchoff Marjorie A. , Wittenberg Amanda T. , Jimenez Jayvic C. , Kamireddi Divya , Snelling Emma K. , Street Reva M. , Schauer Caroline L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrospun biopolymer fibers are utilized in a wide variety of industries such as tissue engineering, sensors, drug delivery, membrane filtration, and protective membranes. The biopolymer chitosan, the partially N‐deacetylated derivative of chitin, which has been the focus of many studies, contains amine or hydroxyl functionalities that may be substituted with a number of chemistries such as carboxylate, benzene, or cyano groups. Modified chitosan solutions are often challenging to electrospin, as an entirely new set of solution and operating conditions must be developed for each modification. In this study, a facile post‐modification processing method for chitosan is introduced that circumvents the need to perform bulk modification prior to electrospinning, and therefore new spinning conditions. The chitosan mats were solution‐phase post‐processed by chemically functionalizing the mats with carboxylate, benzene and cyano groups. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared have been performed to determine fiber morphology retention and chemical interactions, respectively. Post‐modification retained the fibrous structure of the white‐colored, round and smooth mats with spectral changes indicating changes in the chitosan mat. Mean fiber diameters were 131 ± 75 nm (~31% smaller), 210 ± 81 nm (46% larger), and 85 ± 29 nm (~11% smaller) for carboxymethylchitosan, benzylidenechitosan, and cyanochitosan, respectively.
One‐Step Preparation of Ion‐Doped Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by Ultrasonication
Authors: Jiang Hao , Zang Chenxi , Dong Yixiu , Lai Min , Xu Shuhong , Xu Jingkun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) are competitive materials for a wide range of applications because of their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Ion doping has been demonstrated as one powerful method for improving the optical properties of CsPbX3 NCs. However, the conventional ion‐doping approaches are tedious, and generally performed under an inert atmosphere and high temperature. In this work, a one‐step ultrasonic‐assisted approach is demonstrated to prepare doped CsPbX3 NCs. To demonstrate the universality of the ultrasonic‐assisted ion‐doping approach, three ion‐doped perovskite NCs are prepared, which represent three common improvements effects of ion doping on perovskite NCs, namely improved stability, PL emission, and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of perovskite NCs. Sr‐doped CsPbI3 NCs showed improved phase stability. Mn‐doped CsPbCl3 NCs showed dual‐color emissions at 406 and 580 nm. The PLQYs of the as‐prepared Ni‐doped CsPbCl3 NCs are greatly improved, from 10.1% to 71%. Such a simple and versatile ion‐doping approach may promote the practical applications of all‐inorganic perovskite NCs.
Terminal sliding mode observer based dynamic surface quasi‐synchronization control of multiple electro‐hydraulic systems under compositive outputs constraint
Authors: Li Shuai , Guo Qing , Yan Yao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the high accuracy synchronous control issue of multiple electro‐hydraulic systems (MEHS). For the parametric uncertainty and external load disturbance of electro‐hydraulic systems (EHS), a type of terminal sliding mode observer (TSMO) is introduced for MEHS in this paper, which able to estimate the parametric uncertainty and external load disturbance in finite time. Then, based on the proposed fast uncertainty estimation strategy, a synchronous controller is designed for MEHS, in which both dynamic surface design and barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) method has been adopted to realize a better tracking performance of MEHS. The feasibility and effectiveness of proposed algorithms in this paper are verified by simulation. Then, a series of comparative experimental results are provided to illustrate the advantages of both disturbance estimation capacity of TSMO and synchronous tracking control performance of proposed control strategy for MEHS.
Regulated Surface Electronic States of CuNi Nanoparticles through Metal‐Support Interaction for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol
Authors: Zhang Kaiyue , Wang Jing , Zhang Weining , Yin Hongfei , Han Jiuhui , Yang Xiaoyong , Fan Weiliu , Zhang Yongzheng , Zhang Ping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeveloping stable catalysts with higher selectivity and activity within a wide potential range is critical for efficiently converting CO2 to ethanol. Here, the carbon‐encapsulated CuNi nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen‐doped nanoporous graphene (CuNi@C/N‐npG) composite are designedly prepared and display the excellent CO2 reduction performance with the higher ethanol Faradaic effiency (FEethanol ≥ 60%) in a wide potential window (600 mV). The optimal cathodic energy efficiency (47.6%), Faradaic efficiency (84%), and selectivity (96.6%) are also obtained at −0.78 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Combining with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is demonstrated that the stronger metal‐support interaction (Ni‐N‐C) can regulate the surface electronic structure effectively, boosting the electron transfer and stabilizing the active sites (Cu0‐Cuδ+) on the surface of CuNi@C/N‐npG, finally realizing the controllable transition of reaction intermediates. This work may guide the designs of electrocatalysts with highly catalytic performance for CO2 reduction to C2+ products.