bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coarse particulate matter air quality in East Asia: implications for fine particulate nitrate
Authors: Zhai Shixian , Jacob Daniel J. , Pendergrass Drew C. , Colombi Nadia K. , Shah Viral , Yang Laura Hyesung , Zhang Qiang , Wang Shuxiao , Kim Hwajin , Sun Yele , Choi Jin-Soo , Park Jin-Soo , Luo Gan , Yu Fangqun , Woo Jung-Hun , Kim Younha , Dibb Jack E. , Lee Taehyoung , Han Jin-Seok , Anderson Bruce E. , Li Ke , Liao Hong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Air quality network data in China and South Korea show very high year-round mass concentrations of coarse particulate matter (PM), as inferred by the difference between PM10 and PM2.5. Coarse PM concentrations in 2015 averaged 52 µg m−3 in the North China Plain (NCP) and 23 µg m−3 in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), contributing nearly half of PM10. Strong daily correlations between
coarse PM and carbon monoxide imply a dominant source from anthropogenic
fugitive dust. Coarse PM concentrations in the NCP and the SMA decreased by
21 % from 2015 to 2019 and further dropped abruptly in 2020 due to COVID-19 reductions in construction and vehicle traffic. Anthropogenic
coarse PM is generally not included in air quality models but scavenges
nitric acid to suppress the formation of fine particulate nitrate, a major
contributor to PM2.5 pollution. GEOS-Chem model simulation of surface
and aircraft observations from the Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign over the SMA in
May–June 2016 shows that consideration of anthropogenic coarse PM largely
resolves the previous model overestimate of fine particulate nitrate. The
effect is smaller in the NCP which has a larger excess of ammonia. Model
sensitivity simulations for 2015–2019 show that decreasing anthropogenic
coarse PM directly increases PM2.5 nitrate in summer, offsetting 80 % the effect of nitrogen oxide and ammonia emission controls, while in winter the presence of coarse PM increases the sensitivity of PM2.5 nitrate to ammonia and sulfur dioxide emissions. Decreasing coarse PM helps to explain the lack of decrease in wintertime PM2.5 nitrate observed in the NCP and the SMA over the 2015–2021 period despite decreases in nitrogen oxide and ammonia emissions. Continuing decrease of fugitive dust pollution means that more stringent nitrogen oxide and ammonia emission controls will be required to successfully decrease PM2.5 nitrate.
Changes in the Lives of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients and Coping with it: Qualitative Study
Authors: UZDİL Nurcan , CEYHAN Özlem , ŞİMŞEK Nuray , BEKTAS Oktay 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to determine the life changes and coping ways of peritoneal dialysis patients after peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment.
Material and Methods: Qualitative research method and phenomenology, which is a pattern of this method, were used in the study. The study group consisted of six peritoneal dialysis patients followed in the Adult Peritoneal Dialysis Unit Center. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. During the research process, the interviews with the participants were audio-recorded with permission of the participants. After the audio recordings were written down, content analysis was made by creating code-category and themes. During the study, validity-reliability was tried to be ensured.
Results: The findings consist of two themes, thirteen categories and fifty codes. After the PD treatment, it was determined that the participants had problems in terms of nutritional status, sleep patterns, physical activity, social life, family relations, physical appearance, professional and sexual life, and adaptation to life. It was determined that they experienced the most financial difficulties the most in their lives after the PD treatment, and all the participants stated that they wanted to receive government financial support.
Conclusion: In line with these results, it is recommended to establish counseling centers that can provide psychosocial support to patients, establish psychoeducational programs, initiate necessary procedures to create financial support within the state, and initiate public awareness on kidney transplantation.
Keywords: End-stage renal disease, Peritoneal dialysis, Qualitative research.
Impact Evaluation of Factors of Internal Audit on Intrnal Audit Effectiveness: The Moderating and Mediating Effect of Ethical Culture and Internal Controls
Authors: Shah Ansar Abbas , Azmat Muhammad , Rasheed Qurat-Ul-Ain , Arshad Arooj 
Published: April 2023

The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of independence, management support and external auditors’ cooperation on Effectiveness of Internal Audit. It also investigates the moderating effect of ethical culture and mediating effect of internal controls, between major factors of internal audit (independence, management support and external auditors’ cooperation) and Effectiveness of Internal Audit in private sector of Pakistan. Cross-sectional design was used in this study. Four hundred and eighty (480) questionnaires were distributed among the auditors in the chartered accountants’ firms of Pakistan situated in Lahore on convenience basis. Sixty-one (61) indicators were measured on five-point Linkert scale from one which refers to strongly disagree to five which denotes strongly agree. PLS-SEM is used for the analysis of the data. The results show that there is positive relationship between two factors of internal audit (independence and external auditors’ cooperation) and internal controls while the third factor, management support has no relationship. Moreover, the findings show that ethical culture has no moderating effect on the association between internal control system and internal audit effectiveness. Similarly, internal controls positively mediate the relationship between two factors of internal audit (independence and external auditors’ cooperation) and Effectiveness of Internal Audit. Moreover, it demonstrates the value of independence and the collaboration of external auditors in enhancing the efficiency of internal auditing and business performance. The results of this study will direct business entities and other organizations to improve the internal controls for enhancing the effectiveness of internal audit and focus on independence of IAD and external auditors’ cooperation with internal auditors as these factors are very important for getting results from internal audit department in order to achieve goals.
Prevalencia de la enfermedad celíaca en pacientes del Hospital UNIVALLE 2016-2017
Authors: Borda Zambrana Jacqueline , Flores Edson , Vasquez Sarah , Abularach Yhassyre 
Published: April 2023

La enfermedad celiaca es una enteropatía crónica de la mucosa del intestino delgado causada por la intolerancia al gluten que resulta en atrofia vellositaria, malabsorción y síntomas clínicos que se manifiestan en la niñez o adultez. La patogenia consiste en la interacción de las proteínas presentes en el trigo, cebada, avena y centeno, entre factores genéticos, inmunológicos y ambientales que interactúan con las moléculas de antígenos leucocitarios humanos para activar una respuesta inmunológica en la mucosa del intestino delgado, produciendo daño tisular. Los test serológicos y la biopsia duodenal (el estándar de oro) son importantes para el diagnóstico.
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo transversal a 23 pacientes que acudieron a consulta de gastroenterología en el Hospital UNIVALLE Cochabamba en el periodo 2016 - 2017, donde se determinaron las pruebas EMA, tTGA y antigliadina y endoscopia alta, observándose mayor positividad en el sexo femenino que en el masculino.
Estudios realizados en Europa, Estados Unidos y Latinoamérica han encontrado frecuencias de esta enfermedad entre 1/100-1/300 y el diagnóstico depende del grado de sospecha clínica. Los datos de prevalencia hallados confirman que la enfermedad celíaca constituye un problema de salud pública en nuestro país, que podría justificar la instauración de un programa de estudio. Las regiones con una mayor prevalencia (1 %) se encuentran en Europa y EE. UU, donde la alimentación tradicional se basa en alimentos con gluten. Se atendieron 10801 pacientes durante las gestiones 2016 y 2017, con una prevalencia de 0,21 %, observándose una poca prevalencia en nuestro país debido a la falta de estudios y la clínica.
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE MODULAR MEDICAL EDUCATION SYSTEM: STUDENT SURVEY
Authors: АБДУЛЛАЕВА Г.М. , САГАТБАЕВА Н.А. , УМБЕТОВА Л.Ж. , БАТЫРХАНОВ Ш.К. , ЖУМАНБАЕВА К.Р. , АБИРОВА А.Ч. , КАЛЖАНОВ Ж.Р. , ТУРГИМБЕКОВА Н.Ж. , САЙРАНКЫЗЫ С. 
Published: April 2023

Реализация модульной системы в медицинском образовании требует тщательного подбора учебного материала, объединения усилий междисциплинарной команды преподавателей, состыковки тематики занятий, заложенных в одном модуле в условиях многопрофильных клинических дисциплин. Целью данной работы является апробация анкеты, разработанной для оценки различных аспектов процесса обучения студентов на кафедре пропедевтики детских болезней. В проведенном исследовании получены предварительные данные, описывающие процесс внедрения и принятия модульной системы студентами 3-го курса в КазНМУ. Количественный и качественный анализ результатов анкетирования подтверждает, что модульная система принимается студентами, а также определяет направления совершенствования процесса преподавания: организация обучения, форма подачи теоретических знаний, ориентированность на практику, повышение языковой компетенции преподавателей, что задает основу формирования профессионализма будущих врачей.
Медициналық білім беруде модульдік жүйені іске асыру оқу материалын мұқият таңдауды, оқытушылардың пәнаралық командасының күш-жігерін біріктіруді, көп маманды клиникалық пәндер жағдайында бір модульге біріктірілген сабақтар тақырыптарын түйістіруді талап етеді. Біздің жұмысымыздың мақсаты бала аурулары пропедевтикасы кафедрасында студенттерді оқыту процесінің әртүрлі аспектілерін бағалау үшін әзірленген сауалнаманы апробациялау болды. Жүргізілген зерттеуде ҚазҰМУ-да 3-курс студенттерінің модульдік жүйені енгізу және қабылдау үдерісін сипаттайтын алдын ала деректер алынды. Сауалнама нәтижелерінің сандық және сапалық талдауы модульдік жүйенің студенттермен қабылданатынын растайды, сондай-ақ оқыту процесін жетілдіру бағыттарын айқындайды: оқытуды ұйымдастыру, теориялық білімді беру нысаны, тәжірибеге бағдарлану, оқытушылардың тілдік құзыреттілігін арттыру, бұл болашақ дәрігерлердің кәсібилігін қалыптастырудың негізін қалайды.
The implementation of a modular system in medical education requires a careful selection of teaching material, combining the efforts of an interdisciplinary team of teachers, docking the topics of classes laid down in a single module in the context of multidisciplinary clinical disciplines. The aim of our work was to test a questionnaire designed to assess various aspects of student learning at the Department of Pediatric Propaedeutics. The conducted study obtained preliminary data describing the process of implementation and adoption of the modular system by 3rd year students at KazNMU. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of questioning results confirms that the modular system is accepted by students, and also determines directions of teaching process improvement: organization of training, form of theoretical knowledge presentation, orientation on practice, increase of teachers' language competence, which sets the basis for formation of future doctors' professionalism.
Frederick II and the Crusades, 1217–1250
Authors: Pacifico Marcello 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
All the Crusades of the first half of the thirteenth century have Frederick II as protagonist, the actor who was always ready to play a role even when absent. In these roles, he was successively the emperor of the Last Times of the First Crusade of Damietta managed by the legate Pelage and by King John of Brienne, the humble pilgrim of the Crusade of Jaffa who became known as the new King Solomon, the director of the Crusade of Ascalon managed by the faithful Theobald of Champagne and by his brother-in-law Richard of Cornwall, and the partner of the Second Crusade of Damietta sought by Saint Louis, even if he was depicted as the antichrist by the pope. This article deals with the relationships between the sovereign and the chiefs of the other crusading expeditions held before and after the First Crusade of Damietta.
The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Quality of Work Life, Workload, and Burnout in Intensive Care Nurses
Authors: ERBAY DALLI Öznur , YILDIRIM Yasemin 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To examine the quality of work-life, workload, and burnout in ICU nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.
Methods: Cross-sectional online survey study conducted. The data were collected with the Nurse Information Form, Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale (QNWLS), Individual Workload Perception Scale-Revised (IWPS-R), and Burnout Measure-Short version (BMS). For a better understanding of the impact of the pandemic, nurses were asked to evaluate the questions on these scales twice, taking into account the working conditions/environment in the (1) pre-pandemic and (2) pandemic periods.
Results: A total of 249 nurses were included. Total and subscales of QNWLS, IWPS-R and BMS scores indicated significantly lower quality of work life, high workload and burnout during the pandemic period compared to pre-pandemic (128.12±10.86 vs. 71.46±7.37 points for QNWLS; 101.93±8.98 vs. 61.09±7.41 points for IWPS-R; 20.93±2.03 vs. 56.02±2.46 points for BMS; p=0.001 for all). A significant correlation was found between nurses' workload and burnout level and their work hours in the pandemic ICU, weekly work hours, and the nurse:patient ratio (p
Penggunaan Media Gambar Seri dalam Melatih Keterampilan Menulis Laporan Sederhana Siswa MI Kelas Rendah
Authors: Syamsudin Syamsudin , Hanif Abdulloh , Rofida Ira 
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini merupakan hasil observasi terkait dengan kurangnya minat siswa dalam menulis serta siswa kesulitan dalam mendeskripsikan sesuatu. Hal ini terlihat ketika siswa mendapat tugas untuk membuat laporan berdasarkan pengamatan pada sebuah gambar. Siswa kesulitan dalam menuangkan buah pikirannya, hanya menulis benda-benda yang ada dalam gambar dan belum mampu membuat sebuah kalimat yang baik. Untuk itu, guru perlu membiasakan siswa dengan kegiatan menulis deskripsi dan menjadikan kegiatan menulis deskripsi sebagai suatu hal yang menyenangkan untuk mencapai standar kompetensi keterampilan menulis laporan sederhana dan menumbuhkan budaya menulis deskripsi pada siswa. Hal tersebut diperlukan proses pembelajaran yang menyenangkan yakni dengan menerapkan sebuah media pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, salah satu media yang dapat digunakan adalah media gambar seri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, metode kuantitatif ialah metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat positivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada populasi atau sampel tertentu. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian pra-eksperimen atau pre-experimental. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah “One Group Pretest-Posttest Design”. Hasil penelitian penggunaan media gambar seri efektif dalam melatih keterampilan menulis laporan sederhana siswa MI kelas rendah. Hal ini ini dapat dilihat dari tes hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan pembelajaran menulis laporan sederhana melalui media gambar seri menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata siswa mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan yaitu lebih tinggi 87,58 dibanding dengan pretest atau sebelum dilaksanakan perlakuan yakni 55,41. Berdasarkan uji t test, t hitung > t tabel atau - 13,5 > 1,714 dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa penggunaan media gambar seri efektif dalam melatih menulis laporan sederhana.
Tannin determination in young coconut coir (Cocos nucifera L.) by FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Sari Yelfira 
Published: April 2023

The coir of young coconut is the largest by product of coconut. Young coconut coir has no important industrial uses and until now has been incinerated or dumped without control. This is because the utilization of young coconut coir is not easy as the old one. Tannin has pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor This study aims to determine tannin in young coconut coir (Cocos nucifera L.) using a complementary analytical technique, Fourier Transform Infra-RedFTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Sample of young coconut coir was obtained from the waste of bargainer at the local market. Sample was maserated using ethanol as the solvent and then was evaporated to get concentrated extract. The FTIR and UV-Vis spectra showed that the sample was indicated to contain tannin. The presence of tannin was indicated by appearance of peak at 283 nm and 326 nm in UV-Vis spectra and in the region between 1610-1445 cm-1 by FTIR. This research is an early stage in the characterization of tannin compounds from young coconut coir extract. It is expected that waste have economic value in the future.
Kemoterapi Alan Hastalara Bakım Veren Aile Üyelerinin Yaşam Kalitesi Ve Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: ÇALIŞIR KUNDAKÇI Şule , YÜRÜGEN Birsen 
Published: April 2023

Amaç: Bu araştırma, kemoterapi hastalarına bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşam kalitesini belirlenmek amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma, 2018 yılında özel bir hastanenin kemoterapi ünitesinde yapıldı. Çalışmaya kemoterapi tedavisi gören 120 hastanın aile üyesi katıldı. Veriler “Hasta Yakınlarını Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu’’ ve “Aile-Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği’’ ile toplandı.
Bulgular: Bakım verenlerin %55.8’nin kadın, %82.5’inin evli, %61,7’sinin çalışmadığı, %55’inin eşler olduğu belirlendi. Aile üyelerinin fiziksel sağlıklarının kötü olmadığı, psikolojik durumları ve ekonomik etkilenme durumlarının orta düzeyde olduğu tespit edildi. Tanıya yaklaşımlarına bakıldığında, endişe verici ve üzücü olarak ifade ettikleri görüldü. Yaş, eğitim, medeni durum, meslek, çocuk sahibi olma değişkenlerinin aile –yaşam kalite düzeylerini etkilemediği belirlendi. Kadın bakım vericilerin yaşam kalitelerinin ve duygusal yaklaşımlarının daha kötü olduğu, çalışanların ekonomik olarak daha çok etkilendiği saptandı. Hastayla olan ilişkisi olumsuz etkilenen aile üyelerinin fiziksel sağlıklarının daha çok bozulduğu görüldü. Hasta yakınlarının %58’i bakım sürecinde sağlık personellerinden destek almak istediklerini ve %49,2’si bunu telefon ile almak istediğini belirtti.
Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonucunda, bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşam kalitesinin, orta düzeyde etkilendiği belirlendi.
TACTICS OF FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF ECONOMIC CRIMES COMMITTED ON RAILWAY TRANSPORT AND TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Authors: Чиненов Е.В. 
Published: April 2023

Введение: в статье предпринята попытка раскрыть основные тактические особенности назначения судебных экспертиз в расследовании преступлений в сфере экономики, совершае-мых на железнодорожном транспорте и объектах транспортной инфраструктуры. Представлен базовый алгоритм назначения судебных экспертиз. Материалы и методы: эмпирической базой явилась практика назначения судебных экспертиз в расследовании преступлений в сфере экономики, совершаемых на железнодорож-ном транспорте и объектах транспортной инфраструктуры, статистические сведения ГУТ МВД России, результаты анкетирования сотрудников следственных, оперативных и экс-пертно-криминалистических подразделений органов внутренних дел; в процессе исследова-ния применялись сравнительно-правовой, системно-функциональный, индукции и дедукции, описания, обобщения, анализа и синтеза и другие методы. Результаты исследования: позволили уточнить и расширить существующие научные взгляды на тактику назначения судебных экспертиз в расследовании преступлений в сфере экономики, совершаемых на железнодорожном транспорте и объектах транспортной инфра-структуры. Выводы и заключения: Полученный результат (в виде алгоритма) призван способ-ствовать более высокой результативности расследования преступлений указанной категории, содействовать дальнейшему развитию науки криминалистики.
Introduction: The article attempts to reveal the basic tactical features of forensic examina-tions appointment in investigation of economic crimes committed on railway transport and transport infrastructure objects. A basic algorithm of forensic examinations appointment is presented. Materials and Methods: The empirical basis was the practice of forensic examinations in the investigation of economic crimes committed on railway transport and transport infrastructure facili-ties, statistical data of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the results of a survey of employees of investigative, operational and forensic units of internal affairs agencies; during the study we used comparative legal, system functional, induction and deduction, description, synthesis, analysis and synthesis and other methods. The Results of the Study: have clarified and expanded existing scientific views on the tactics of forensic examinations in the investigation of economic crimes committed on railway transport and transport infrastructure facilities. Findings and Conclusions: The result obtained (in the form of an algorithm) is intended to contribute to a higher efficiency of the investigation of crimes of this category, to promote the further development of the science of criminology.
Hand Soap Based on Moringa Leaf to Reinforce Agro-Eco-Edu-Tourism in Generating Creative Younger Generation
Authors: Sugiyanto Wardani , Yulvianah  , Rosita Risa , Darwati Aan 
Published: April 2023

Teaching Factory is a learning model that can be adopted in the Agro-Eco-Edu-Tourism (AEET) program. The learning model products in Teaching Factory are soap and hand sanitizer. The study's results reported that hand washing soap with the addition of Moringa leaf extract could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria that cause diarrheal disease. Diarrheal disease is still a public health problem in developing countries such as Indonesia because of its high morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea occurs due to the spreading S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, most often transmitted from hand to hand. Washing hands using soap and hand sanitizer is an activity that aims to remove dirt on hands.