bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women’s crucible leadership experiences: through the lens of the four-frame organisational model
Authors: Bachnik Katarzyna , Howe-Walsh Liza , Critchley Lisa , Alicea Marisa , Guajardo Maria , Washington Christa Ellen 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
This study aims to explore the individual lived crucible experiences of women leaders in higher education (HE) and business as the catalyst to investigate organisational inequality regimes that prevent women leaders from fully participating, contributing and flourishing at work. Drawing upon Bolman and Deal’s four-frame theoretical organisational model, this study analyses women’s lived crucible leadership experiences to better understand the organising processes and practices that render intersectionality invisible that reinforce and perpetuate inequality regimes.

Design/methodology/approach
A collaborative autoethnographic research method was selected for data collection. The research team members each selected one significant crucible moment from their professional career and used the Gibb’s six-part reflective cycle to document their narrative and reflect on their leadership experience. A reflexive thematic analysis was used based on Braun and Clarke’s six phases.

Findings
The study features the importance of creating a climate in organisations that acknowledges the need for greater equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) to support women leaders. Four global themes emerged from the analysis of the leadership narratives: organisation, power dynamics, emotional distress and perseverance and intersectionality. These themes illuminate a greater understanding of organisational life for women and confirm the presence of inequality regimes of gender and race.

Originality/value
This is the first study to explore the impact of women leaders’ crucible experiences through the lens of the Bolman and Deal’s model that highlights the need to consider an EDI lens as the fifth frame.
Income inequality and polity – an empirical analysis of political Kuznets curve
Authors: Han Yongseung , Kim Myeong Hwan 
Published: March 2023

PurposeFaced with contradictory outcomes in empirical studies on the relation between democracy and income inequality, this paper attempts to provide empirical relations between democracy and income inequality. In particular, the authors seek to find if any curvilinear relation exists as in the Kuznets hypothesis.Design/methodology/approachGiven elusiveness in empirical relations, the authors will consider several specifications using different estimation methods such as ordinary least squares (OLS), panel data estimation and performing statistical tests to determine the best specification for the relation between income inequality and democracy. Once the authors choose the specification, then the authors will apply this specification to the different groups of data to find any meaningful implications.FindingsUsing the unbalanced panel of 136 countries spanning from 1980 to 2018, the authors found an inverse U-shaped relation, called a political Kuznets curve – income inequality increases first and then decreases later as more democracy is achieved. By quantifying the curve, the authors find that the direct impact of democracy on income inequality is small and that the incremental impact of democracy on income inequality is smaller in a semi-democracy while relatively larger in a full democracy and autocracy.Originality/valueFrom the study’s findings, the following policy implications can be considered. First, any change in income inequality caused by democratization should not be concerning as the impact of democracy on income inequality is measured to be very small. Second, the largest factor reducing income inequality is real GDP per capita. Third, the authors find that an impact of government expenditure on income inequality is also inversely U-shaped.
A picture paints a thousand words: supporting organizational learning in the emergency services with data visualization
Authors: Holdsworth David , Zagorecki Adam 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the use of data visualization as a tool to support practitioner-led organizational learning within the emergency services. The authors investigate how data visualization can support visual communication and the analysis of emergency response data to promote system improvement.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors investigate if communication data, presented as node-link diagrams, can be understood and evaluated by firefighters. Objective understanding of the communication network is measured quantitatively, while subject judgement of the emergency response system is measured qualitatively and compared to prior system evaluation outcomes. The authors compare different data visualization layouts and assess their value in supporting practitioner evaluation of emergency response systems.

Findings
The authors find that while firefighters are largely unfamiliar with their use, data visualizations function as a tool for visual communication and analysis. The authors identify the importance of visualization design and the difficulty in representing characteristics of a dynamic network within static diagrams. The authors also find some correlation between layout design and how respondents interpret visual data.

Originality/value
Results demonstrate the value of data visualization to support practitioner-led organizational learning and suggest future work to support the development of emergency response management.
Why hibernate? Tests of four hypotheses to explain intraspecific variation in hibernation phenology
Authors: Allison Austin Z. T. , Conway Courtney J. , Morris Alice E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Hibernation is a remarkable behaviour deployed by a diverse array of endotherms within many clades that greatly reduces metabolic need, but also has somatic costs. Hibernation in modern endotherms is often assumed to be an adaptation allowing animals to avoid extreme thermal conditions or food shortages in seasonal environments. However, many animals hibernate when foraging conditions are energetically profitable, suggesting other causal factors influence hibernation behaviour.

Understanding the selection pressures responsible for intraspecific variation in the timing and duration of hibernation can help elucidate the relative evolutionary influences of the ultimate ecological causes of hibernation. We tested four previously proposed mechanistic hypotheses to explain intraspecific variation in hibernation phenology in the federally threatened northern Idaho ground squirrel (Urocitellus brunneus): (1) thermal tolerance, (2) food limitation, (3) predation avoidance and (4) sexual selection.

The predation avoidance and sexual selection hypotheses received the most support, although we also found some support for the thermal tolerance and food limitation hypotheses. Heavy squirrels increased hibernation duration regardless of environmental conditions, as predicted solely by the predation avoidance hypothesis. Reproductive males emerged from hibernation earlier in spring than other sex–age classes, a pattern predicted by the sexual selection hypothesis. Temperature and food availability explained a much smaller amount of the variation in hibernation behaviour, only partially supporting predictions of the thermal tolerance and food limitation hypotheses.

Our results indicate that animals navigate life‐history trade‐offs between energetic allocation to survival and reproduction via state‐dependent optimization of hibernation phenology. Consequently, any future environmental changes that influence body condition will have implications for population ecology and life‐history evolution of hibernating animals due to stark differences in daily survival probability between hibernation and the active season.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Breeding sovereignty: the production of race, nature, and capital in Venezuela
Authors: Kappeler Aaron 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores the efforts of the Venezuelan government to improve food security and rural livelihoods with an experimental cattle‐breeding project. It investigates the activities of a state enterprise in the western plains and how the selective‐breeding practices of veterinary experts intersect with the logic of capital and biopolitics. Contributing to debates on the interaction between society and environment, the analysis suggests that ‘endogenous development’, or the reduction of poverty through internal markets, draws on systems of knowledge that treat the biology of animals as a field of intervention for the resolution of social contradictions. To reduce reliance on petroleum rent and food imports, Venezuelan experts have sought to create a new breed of cattle suited to the nation's diverse ecologies. But the knowledge systems which guide this project are embedded with a host of cultural and economic assumptions that subvert the successful application of this biotechnology. Ultimately, this article seeks to increase knowledge of the techno‐politics of resource states at the start of the twenty‐first century and the ways in which cultures of expertise impact food sovereignty.
Disciplined appetites: Reimagining food and nutrition programs for people living with HIV and AIDS
Authors: Joy Phillip , Hammond Chad , Hammond Brianna , Clarke Abigail , Mannette Jessica , Hamilton‐Hinch Barbara‐Ann , Grant Shannan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsMedical nutrition therapy is recommended for people living with HIV/AIDS to improve health and wellness; however, there is a lack of food and nutrition programs for people living with HIV/AIDS in Nova Scotia, Canada. The aim of this study was to explore the beliefs, values, and experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS in relation to food and nutrition programs.MethodsA critical social theory lens with two disciplinary contexts: critical health geography and critical dietetics guided this research. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 people living with HIV/AIDS and analysed for themes.ResultsThe three main themes were identified: (1) intersections of social determinants of health, wellness, and food security; (2) discursive shaping of food and nutrition in relation to HIV; and (3) the dynamic nature of HIV care.ConclusionsParticipants offered recommendations on how food and nutrition programs might be reimagined to be more accessible, inclusive, and effective for people living with HIV/AIDS.
Random forest models to estimate bankfull and low flow channel widths and depths across the conterminous United States
Authors: Doyle Jessie M. , Hill Ryan A. , Leibowitz Scott G. , Ebersole Joseph L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChannel dimensions (width and depth) at varying flows influence a host of instream ecological processes, as well as habitat and biotic features; they are a major consideration in stream habitat restoration and instream flow assessments. Models of widths and depths are often used to assess climate change vulnerability, develop endangered species recovery plans, and model water quality. However, development and application of such models require specific skillsets and resources. To facilitate acquisition of such estimates, we created a dataset of modeled channel dimensions for perennial stream segments across the conterminous United States. We used random forest models to predict wetted width, thalweg depth, bankfull width, and bankfull depth from several thousand field measurements of the National Rivers and Streams Assessment. Observed channel widths varied from <5 to >2000 m and depths varied from <2 to >125 m. Metrics of watershed area, runoff, slope, land use, and more were used as model predictors. The models had high pseudo R2 values (0.70–0.91) and median absolute errors within ±6% to ±21% of the interquartile range of measured values across 10 stream orders. Predicted channel dimensions can be joined to 1.1 million stream segments of the 1:100 K resolution National Hydrography Dataset Plus (version 2.1). These predictions, combined with a rapidly growing body of nationally available data, will further enhance our ability to study and protect aquatic resources.
Use of observed hydroclimatic trends to constrain projections of snowmelt season runoff in the Rio Grande headwaters
Authors: Bjarke Nels R. , Gutzler David S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA method is developed for choosing 21st Century streamflow projections among widely varying results from a large ensemble of climate model‐driven simulations. We quantify observed trends in climate–streamflow relationships in the Rio Grande headwaters, which has experienced warming temperature and declining snowpack since the mid‐20th Century. Prominent trends in the snowmelt runoff season are used to assess corresponding statistics in downscaled global climate model projections. We define “Observationally Consistent (OC)” simulations as those that reproduce historical changes to linear statistics of diminished snowpack–streamflow coupling in the headwaters and an associated increase in the contribution of spring season (post‐peak snowpack) precipitation to streamflow. Only a modest fraction of the ensemble of simulations meets these consistency metrics. The subset of OC simulations projects significant decreases in headwaters flow, whereas the simulations that poorly replicate historical trends exhibit a much wider range of projected changes. These results bolster confidence in model‐based projections of declining runoff in the Rio Grande headwaters in the snowmelt runoff season and offer an example of a methodology for evaluating model‐based projections in basins with similar hydroclimates that have experienced pronounced climate changes in the recent historical record.
Spatial metabolomics reveal divergent cardenolide processing in the monarch (Danaus plexippus) and the common crow butterfly (Euploea core)
Authors: Dreisbach Domenic , Bhandari Dhaka R. , Betz Anja , Tenbusch Linda , Vilcinskas Andreas , Spengler Bernhard , Petschenka Georg 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough being famous for sequestering milkweed cardenolides, the mechanism of sequestration and where cardenolides are localized in caterpillars of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus, Lepidoptera: Danaini) is still unknown. While monarchs tolerate cardenolides by a resistant Na+/K+‐ATPase, it is unclear how closely related species such as the nonsequestering common crow butterfly (Euploea core, Lepidoptera: Danaini) cope with these toxins. Using novel atmospheric‐pressure scanning microprobe matrix‐assisted laser/desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging, we compared the distribution of cardenolides in caterpillars of D. plexippus and E. core. Specifically, we tested at which physiological scale quantitative differences between both species are mediated and how cardenolides distribute across body tissues. Whereas D. plexippus sequestered most cardenolides from milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), no cardenolides were found in the tissues of E. core. Remarkably, quantitative differences already manifest in the gut lumen: while monarchs retain and accumulate cardenolides above plant concentrations, the toxins are degraded in the gut lumen of crows. We visualized cardenolide transport over the monarch midgut epithelium and identified integument cells as the final site of storage where defences might be perceived by predators. Our study provides molecular insight into cardenolide sequestration and highlights the great potential of mass spectrometry imaging for understanding the kinetics of multiple compounds including endogenous metabolites, plant toxins, or insecticides in insects.
Our Common Agenda and its implementation: An introduction
Authors: Wouters Jan , Latorre María C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper provides an introduction to this Special Issue on the United Nations report Our Common Agenda. The report, for which the Secretary‐General consulted widely, contains around 90 proposals and recommendations, propagating solutions at the national, regional and global levels and across four broad areas: (i) renewed solidarity between peoples and future generations in order to strengthen social cohesion, (ii) a new social contract anchored in human rights; (iii) better management of critical global commons; and (iv) global public goods that deliver equitably and sustainably for all. With some exceptions, the Our Common Agenda report has been very well received both internationally and by UN Member States. The members of the Una Europa Global Governance Research Group wrote a number of brief articles commenting on diverse salient aspects of the Our Common Agenda OCA report and its implementation, and how these touch on a variety of issues of global governance, which are being presented in this Special Issue. This introduction provides an overview of the topics that are covered and their main findings.
Contribution of subnational authorities to multilateralism from the EU perspective—Implementation of the SDGs
Authors: Dulak Michał 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe report of UN Secretary General titled Our Common Agenda argues that growing tensions between states and accumulation of global problems is a wake‐up call for international society. The choice now is either to follow the beaten track of dealing with global issues and risk a perpetual crisis or to undertake the effort to achieve a more solidary international system. One of the main protagonists of the new UN blueprint for securing multilateralism are cities and local and regional governments. The aim of the article is to examine how the EU, as a complex system of multilevel governance, supports sub‐national actors in their efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and whether this support is sufficient. I will also concentrate on Voluntary Local Reviews, which are a new extra‐state tools of foreign activities of subnational actors and try to explain why the intra‐EU channel needs to adapt to this challenge. The results show that the EU institutions facilitated subnational actors in monitoring the SDGs by providing methodological assistance. However, local and regional governments face structural problems that may hinder the process of localizing SDGs. Therefore, they need specific capacity‐building competencies. This is a challenge for the EU in the future.
Guidelines for the prediction of species interactions through binary classification
Authors: Poisot Timothée 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The prediction of species interactions is gaining momentum as a way to circumvent limitations in data volume. Yet, ecological networks are challenging to predict because they are typically small and sparse. Dealing with extreme class imbalance is a challenge for most binary classifiers, and there are currently no guidelines as to how predictive models can be trained for this specific problem.

Using simple mathematical arguments and numerical experiments in which a variety of classifiers (for supervised learning) are trained on simulated networks, we develop a series of guidelines related to the choice of measures to use for model selection, and the ways to assemble the training dataset.

Neither classifier accuracy nor the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC‐AUC) are informative measures for the performance of interaction prediction. The area under the precision‐recall curve (PR‐AUC) is a fairer assessment of performance. In some cases, even standard measures can lead to selecting a more biased classifier because the effect of connectance is strong. The amount of correction to apply to the training dataset depends on network connectance, on the measure to be optimized, and only weakly on the classifier.

These results reveal that training machines to predict networks is a challenging task, and that in virtually all cases, the composition of the training set needs to be fine‐tuned before performing the actual training. We discuss these consequences in the context of the low volume of data.
How to measure response diversity
Authors: Ross Samuel R. P.‐J. , Petchey Owen L. , Sasaki Takehiro , Armitage David W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The insurance effect of biodiversity—that diversity stabilises aggregate ecosystem properties—is mechanistically underlain by inter‐ and intraspecific trait variation in organismal responses to the environment. This variation, termed response diversity, is therefore a potentially critical determinant of ecological stability. However, response diversity has yet to be widely quantified, possibly due to difficulties in its measurement. Even when it has been measured, approaches have varied.

Here, we review methods for measuring response diversity and from them distil a methodological framework for quantifying response diversity from experimental and/or observational data, which can be practically applied in laboratory and field settings across a range of taxa.

Previous empirical studies on response diversity most commonly invoke response traits as proxies aimed at capturing species' ecological responses to the environment. Our approach, which is based on environment‐dependent ecological responses to any biotic or abiotic environmental variable, is conceptually simple and robust to any form of environmental response, including nonlinear responses. Given its derivation from empirical data on species' ecological responses, this approach should more directly reflect response diversity than the trait‐based approach dominant in the literature.

By capturing even subtle inter‐ or intraspecific variation in environmental responses, and environment dependencies in response diversity, we hope this framework will motivate tests of the diversity–stability relationship from a new perspective, and provide an approach for mapping, monitoring and conserving this critical dimension of biodiversity.
Fetal alcohol exposure impairs learning and memory functions and elevates levels of various biochemical markers of Alzheimer's disease in the brain of 12‐month‐old rats
Authors: Chaudhary Shaista , Sarkar Dipak K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol drinking during pregnancy often adversely affects brain development among offspring, inducing persistent central nervous system dysfunction. However, it is unknown whether fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) promotes the biochemical characteristics of Alzheimer's disease in offspring.MethodsWe used a first‐ and second‐trimester human equivalent rat model of FAE that involves feeding a liquid diet containing 6.7% v/v ethanol from gestational days 7 through 21 in Fischer‐344 rats. Control rats were fed an isocaloric liquid diet or rat chow ad libitum. Pups were weaned on postnatal day 21 and housed by sex. They were used for behavioral and biochemical studies at about 12 months of age. Only one male or one female offspring from a litter was included in each experimental group.ResultsFetal alcohol‐exposed offspring had poorer learning and memory functions than controls. The experimental animals, both male and female, also had elevated levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, hyperphosphorylated‐tau protein, β‐amyloid (Aβ) and Aβ1‐42 proteins, β‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and Unc‐5 netrin receptor C (UNC5C) proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 12 months of age.ConclusionsThese findings show that FAE increases the expression of some of the biochemical and behavioral phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease.