bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System-wide nexus analyses: water distribution rules, agricultural productivity and livelihoods in flood-based livelihood systems
Authors: Zenebe Mara , Fleskens Luuk , Newaz Karim , Ritsema Coen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Water management and distribution rules in flood-based livelihood systems (FBLS) have a key role in enhancing system-wide productivity and livelihoods. While such potential has to a certain extent been harnessed in DG Khan FBLS in Pakistan, it has not yet been fulfilled in the Tana River and Fogera FBLS in Kenya and Ethiopia, respectively. These three systems are considered among the major sources of water and food security in their respective regions by the local governments and communities. Drawing from 105 individual interviews with Pakistani FBLS farmers, the paper establishes that a package of water management and distribution rules have significantly contributed to (a) mitigating excessive upstream floodwater use, (b) reducing downstream water scarcity and (c) realizing nearly 4 tons ha−1 harvest of the major wheat crop across the upstream and downstream areas. This yield is about 20% higher than the country-wide average, and two-third of the maximum achievable. Furthermore, 86% of the upstream and three in four of the downstream farmers have managed to cover their livelihood needs that included health, school, housing, transportation, energy and food expenses. On the other hand, the analyses based on individual interviews with 94 and 147 FBLS farmers from Kenya and Ethiopia respectively, uncovered the negative consequences of the absence of a comprehensive package of water management and distribution rules. In Kenya, the downstream small-scale farmers that account for two-third of the Tana River FBLS population frequently suffer from floodwater scarcity. They could not cultivate the high return rice crop and their staple maize yield was low at about 1.25 tons ha−1 or 20% of the maximum attainable. Four in five reported poor livelihoods. The upstream large-scale farmers however often diverted excessive floodwater; over 90% usually grow rice as well as maize as a second crop for home consumption. The situation in Fogera is similar. The water distribution rules prioritized the upstream rice cultivation introduced a decade back to boost economic growth. This, as informed by 95% of the interviewed farmers, has caused downstream floodwater scarcity, about 30% maize yield reduction and livelihood deterioration. These findings on the impacts of water distribution rules can contribute to formulating investments that better achieve the productivity and livelihood potentials of FBLS across Africa and globally.
Design of a wideband isolated out-of-phase filtering power divider/combiner with sharp selectivity
Authors: Wang Xuedao , Wang Dawei , Guo Zai-Cheng , Zhang Gang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new isolated out-of-phase filtering power divider/combiner with high selectivity is presented. Based on a single-layer microstrip, required coupling strength and phase difference are achieved by two pairs of three-line coupled feeding structures. To realize desired bandpass responses, a specific resonator is located between the input and output coupled structures. By connecting a half-wavelength transmission line which is centrally loaded with a grounded resistor between two output ports, high port-to-port isolation is attained. Based on the impedance matrix of coupled three-line structure, theoretical filtering responses are predicted with the specified bandwidth and return loss. For demonstration, a prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested. Both simulated and measured results are displayed to verify the design mechanism.
Diagenetic Geochemistry of Iron, Sulfur, and Molybdenum in Sediments of the Middle Okinawa Trough Impacted by Hydrothermal Plumes and/or Cold Seeps
Authors: Qin Shuang‐Shuang , Zhu Mao‐Xu , Sun Zhilei , Li Tie , Zhang Xilin , Geng Wei , Cao Hong , Xu Cuiling , Zhai Bin , Chen Ye 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIron (Fe), sulfur (S), and molybdenum (Mo) geochemistry in marine sediments impacted by hydrothermal plumes and/or cold seeps is complex and has not been systematically documented. Here we characterize Fe, S, and Mo diagenesis in sediments between the Minami‐Ensei Knoll hydrothermal field and a cold‐seep site of the middle Okinawa Trough. Results show that distances away from the hydrothermal field and the steep trough slope may significantly affect the transport of hydrothermal Fe. The transformation of hydrothermal reactive Fe to poorly reactive or unreactive Fe‐bearing phyllosilicates decreased the relative fractions of highly reactive Fe (FeHR) in total Fe (FeHR/FeT). Despite this, the standing stocks of Fe oxides in the methane‐free sediments have not been dampened, indicating no net impacts of hydrothermal Fe inputs on the size of Fe oxides. In the methane‐free sediments, low ratios of total reduced inorganic sulfide (TRIS) to total organic carbon (TOC) (TRIS/TOC), highly 34S‐depleted pyrite, and low Mo contents suggest that organoclastic sulfate reduction is at low rates and plays a limited role in carbon cycle. In the cold‐seep sediments, however, intense sulfate reduction coupled to anaerobic methane oxidation significantly elevate TRIS/TOC ratios, Mo enrichment, and isotope compositions of Mo and pyrite‐S. This pathway is expected to be important in carbon cycle in the basin due to the wide occurrence of cold seeps. Our results highlight the important controls of the local extreme depositional/diagenetic conditions on sedimentary S and Mo records, with implications for the reconstruction of paleoredox states of the past earth's surface.
Impact of Inherited Foreland Relief on Retro‐Foreland Basin Architecture
Authors: Gérard Benjamin , Rouby Delphine , Huismans Ritske S. , Robin Cécile , Fillon Charlotte , Braun Jean 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe use a Landscape Evolution Model including flexural isostasy to investigate the influence of inherited foreland relief on the stratigraphic evolution of the retro‐foreland domain during mountain building. We show models with four different types of initial relief in the foreland domain: at sea level, elevated (+300 m), a 1 km‐deep and 100 km‐wide foreland basin associated with either a forebulge at sea level or elevated at +300 m. During the first 10 Myr of simulation, the landscape evolution of the foreland is significantly altered by its inherited bathymetry/topography. The impact is then smoothed out once the foreland slope has stabilized and develops a transverse drainage network. Models record a long‐term shallowing‐up mega‐sequence driven by the increase in sediment production rate in the uplifting range and the decrease in the rate of flexural accommodation space creation in the foreland basin. The initial relief of the foreland domain alters the timing of its transition from the under‐filled to the over‐filled phase. An initially deep foreland basin is twice as thick as an initially elevated foreland. It records deep marine deposits while a foreland initially at sea level records thin shallow marine and an elevated foreland records continental deposits. The forebulge is buried by continental deposits in an initially elevated foreland while it is buried by marine sediments in other models. Alluvial fans at the foot of the range are more elevated in initially elevated forelands. We discuss our results of modeled stratigraphic architecture in comparison with the Pyrenean, Alpine and Andean retro‐foreland basins.
Can Stochastic Slip Rupture Modeling Produce Realistic M9+ Events?
Authors: Small David T. , Melgar Diego 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStochastic slip rupture modeling is a computationally efficient, reduced‐physics approximation that has the capability to create large numbers of unique ruptures based only on a few statistical assumptions. Yet one fundamental question pertaining to this approach is whether the slip distributions calculated in this way are “realistic.” Rather, can stochastic modeling reproduce slip distributions that match what is seen in M9+ events recorded in instrumental time? We focus here on testing the ability of the von Karman ACF method for stochastic slip modeling to reproduce M9+ events. We start with the 2011 M9.1 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake and tsunami where we test both a stochastic method with a homogeneous background mean model and a method where slip is informed by an additional interseismic coupling constraint. We test two coupling constraints with varying assumptions of either trench‐locking or ‐creeping and assess their influence on the calculated ruptures. We quantify the dissimilarity between the 12,000 modeled ruptures and a slip inversion for the Tohoku earthquake. We also model tsunami inundation for over 300 ruptures and compare the results to an inundation survey along the eastern coastline of Japan. We conclude that stochastic slip modeling produces ruptures that can be considered “Tohoku‐like,” and inclusion of coupling can both positively and negatively influence the ability to create realistic ruptures. We then expand our study to show that for the 1960 M9.4–9.6 Chile, 1964 M9.2 Alaska, and 2004 M9.1–9.3 Sumatra events, stochastic slip modeling has the capability to produce ruptures that compare favorably to those events.
Li3TiCl6 as ionic conductive and compressible positive electrode active material for all-solid-state lithium-based batteries
Authors: Wang Kai , Gu Zhenqi , Xi Zhiwei , Hu Lv , Ma Cheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of energy-dense all-solid-state Li-based batteries requires positive electrode active materials that are ionic conductive and compressible at room temperature. Indeed, these material properties could contribute to a sensible reduction of the amount of the solid-state electrolyte in the composite electrode, thus, enabling higher mass loading of active materials. Here, we propose the synthesis and use of lithium titanium chloride (Li3TiCl6) as room-temperature ionic conductive (i.e., 1.04 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) and compressible active materials for all-solid-state Li-based batteries. When a composite positive electrode comprising 95 wt.% of Li3TiCl6 is tested in combination with a Li-In alloy negative electrode and Li6PS5Cl/Li2ZrCl6 solid-state electrolytes, an initial discharge capacity of about 90 mAh g−1 and an average cell discharge voltage of about 2.53 V are obtained. Furthermore, a capacity retention of more than 62% is attainable after 2500 cycles at 92.5 mA g−1 and 25 °C with an applied external pressure of 1.5 tons. We also report the assembly and testing of a “single Li3TiCl6” cell where this chloride material is used as the solid electrolyte, negative electrode and positive electrode.
Heavy metals accumulation in soil and uptake by barley (Hordeum vulgare) irrigated with contaminated water
Authors: Haddad Marwan , Nassar Doa , Shtaya Munqez 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImpacts of nine heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn) contamination in irrigation water on the soil, shoots, and roots of barely were investigated. Due to freshwater shortages, the use of available and inexpensive urban wastewater with input from local industrial factories containing heavy metals in irrigation is still practiced in the Middle East including Palestine. Barely was grown in plastic pots filled with sandy soil irrigated with simulated treated wastewater during two growing seasons. The metal treatments investigated include one, three, nine, and 15 multiples of the average metal content of treated effluent. Results showed that (i) Barley showed similar growth responses but different metal uptake patterns, (ii) Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn in roots and shoots of barley were higher than WHO permissible levels, (iii) all metals accumulated in the soil had lower content than WHO permissible levels, (iv) The average value of enrichment factor (EF) for most heavy metals used was around unity indicating poor enrichment to soil and translocation to roots and shoots, (v) The highest Translocation factor (TF = 57.8) and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF = 126.8) was observed for K indicating its role in enhancing barley's tolerance to drought and its effectiveness in using barley in phytoremediation, and (vi) Barley growth and development and soil quality parameters were significantly affected by repetitive and increased irrigation with wastewater containing heavy metals.
The value evaluation model design and business innovation for P-RAN based on multi-party interaction
Authors: Meng Fanrong , Liu Hua , Li Weimin , Chen Xin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper takes the P-RAN, a proximity wireless access network system for 5G and 6G, as an example, and uses the theory related to value evaluation to discuss how to realize the decentralization of underlying infrastructure from the perspective of different interactive players in the system. The analysis of P-RAN helps to promote mobile network operators to recognize network interaction and solve the problems of weak coverage, reduce the cost of network construction, and provides a new research idea for exploring more network evaluation indicators in the future.
Time taken to resume activities of daily living after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors
Authors: Lee Jeong-A. , Tak Eun-Young , Lim Hyang Lan , Oh Seonghee , Sim Hyojung , Choi Hye-Ok , Kong Doo-Sik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPostoperative management after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is important; however, the guidelines for resuming daily activities after TSS are insufficient. This study aimed to examine the time to return to activities of daily living (ADL) after TSS for pituitary tumors. A 4-month prospective data collection was completed for 114 of 117 patients who underwent TSS for pituitary tumors from April to July 2021. The time when the patient returned to ADL after surgery was measured using the self-recording sheet. More than 97% and 92% of the patients returned within 1 month (median: within 7 days) for the elements of basic ADL and within 2 months (median: within 15 days) for the elements of instrumental ADL, excluding a few. Notably, 73.3% of patients returned to work within 4 months. The median time for the activities included 64 days for washing hair head down, 44 days for blowing nose, 59 days for lifting heavy objects, and 102 days for sexual activity. For patients who received extended-TSS or had postoperative problems, the time to return was delayed. Based on these results, it will be possible to provide practical information and guidelines on the time to return to ADL after TSS in pituitary tumor patients.
Spatial distribution and comparative analysis of Aconitum alkaloids in Fuzi using DESI-MSI and UHPLC-QTOF-MS
Authors: Ren Zhenhui , Zhang Huixia , Yang Liu , Chen Xin , Zhang Shuai , Chen Shiqi , Li Daowen , Li Cun , Jiang Haiyang 
Published: March 2023

Spatial distribution of Aconitum alkaloids (AAs) in raw Fuzi and content changes after processing by DESI-MSI and UHPLC-QTOF-MS.
Interprétation des examens cone beam et principales découvertes fortuites
Authors: Rocher Philippe 
Published: March 2023

Les examens cone beam sont très largement utilisés actuellement dans tous les domaines de la chirurgie dentaire et l’orthodontie ne fait pas exception.Les réalisateurs de ces examens doivent analyser l’ensemble du volume exploré, il n’est pas possible de se limiter à l’élément à l’origine de la justification. Cela nécessite de la méthode et des connaissances.La façon d’analyser un examen cone beam de façon systématique est présentée. Une approche séquentielle de la navigation au sein de ces examens tridimensionnels afin de distinguer l’anatomie normale de l’anatomie anormale et d’identifier les pathologies et les découvertes fortuites est proposée. Les principes généraux et des protocoles à suivre pour identifier, caractériser et éventuellement parvenir à un diagnostic différentiel sont détaillés.Les résultats de l’analyse servent à la rédaction du compte rendu radiologique. Celui-ci constitue la démarche médicale de l’acte radiologique et conditionne la prise en charge par l’Assurance Maladie. Sa constitution et les réponses qu’il doit apporter sont décrites.
Cone beam et articulations temporo mandibulaires
Authors: Bellaiche Norbert 
Published: March 2023

Le CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) s’est imposé comme l’examen radiologique de choix à visée squelettique des articulations temporomandibulaires (ATM).
Le CBCT est indiqué, en complément d’un panoramique dentaire :

en cas de suspicion de dysfonctionnement discal : Syndrome algodysfonctionnel de l’appareil manducateur (SADAM) ou Désordre Temporo Mandibulaire (DTM).

dans d’autres situations évocatrices de pathologies de l’ATM (traumatisme, contexte inflammatoire, malformation congénitale…).

Les pathologies les plus fréquentes sont en rapport avec un dysfonctionnement discal : anomalies fonctionnelles (limitation d’ouverture buccale et trismus) et arthrose. Dans ces deux cas un traitement symptomatique fonctionnel est mis en place.
Les autres pathologies sont plus rares : arthrites inflammatoires ou infectieuses, fractures, ankyloses, ostéonécrose aseptique d’un condyle, pathologies congénitales, tumeurs le plus souvent bénignes…
Tierschutz bei Transport und Schlachtung von Rindern –
Hintergründe und Wissenswertes
Authors: Herzog Kathrin , Kolk Cora 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungBei gewerblichen Beförderungen von Tieren müssen sowohl nationale
als auch europäische Rechtsvorgaben beachtet und eingehalten werden. Die
Tierschutzverpflichtung dehnt sich dabei auf alle an einem Tiertransport
beteiligten Personen aus. Bei der Entscheidung zur Abgabe eines Tieres
z. B. zur Schlachtung müssen dabei auch die Fragen nach der
Transportfähigkeit des Tieres im Sinne der europäischen
Tiertransportverordnung (VO (EG) Nr. 1/2005) berücksichtigt
werden. Allgemein gilt, dass nur transportfähige Tiere befördert
werden dürfen. Die Beantwortung der Frage nach der
Transportfähigkeit eines Tieres stellt in Zweifelsfällen
für alle am Transport beteiligten Personen eine Herausforderung dar.
Außerdem ist bereits im Vorfeld durch den Tierhalter durch die sog.
Standarderklärung zu bestätigen, dass das Tier im Sinne des
Lebensmittelhygienerechts „frei von Anzeichen für das Auftreten
von Krankheiten ist, die die Sicherheit des Fleisches beeinträchtigen
könnten“. Nur unter dieser Voraussetzung ist der Transport eines
transportfähigen Tieres zum Schlachthof zu begründen.Dieser Artikel fasst die jeweiligen Rechtsgrundlagen zusammen und stellt eine
tierschutzfachliche Informationsquelle zur Transport- und
Schlachtfähigkeit von Rindern dar.
Thermoreflectance-based approach for surface temperature measurements of thin-film gold sensors
Authors: Farbaniec L. , Eakins D. E. 
Published: March 2023

A novel thermoreflectance-based diagnostic tool capable of visualizing spatial and temporal changes in surface temperature is presented. The method uses narrow spectral emission bands of blue [λ = 405 nm with 10 nm full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM)] and green (λ = 532 nm with 10 nm FWHM) light to monitor the optical properties of gold and thin-film gold sensors, relating changes in reflectivity to temperature through a known calibration coefficient. The system is made robust to tilt and surface roughness variations through the simultaneous measurement of both probing channels with a single camera. Experimental validation is performed on two forms of gold materials heated from room temperature to 200 °C at a rate of ∼100 °C/min. Subsequent image analysis shows perceptible changes in reflectivity in the narrow band of green light, while the blue light remains temperature-insensitive. The reflectivity measurements are used to calibrate a predictive model with temperature-dependent parameters. The physical interpretation of the modeling results is given, and the strengths and limitations of the presented approach are discussed.
Solvent effects determine the sign of the charges of maximum entropy and capacitance at silver electrodes
Authors: Sundararaman Ravishankar , Schwarz Kathleen 
Published: March 2023

Fully harnessing electrochemical interfaces for reactions requires a detailed understanding of solvent effects in the electrochemical double layer. Predicting the significant impact of solvents on entropic and electronic properties of electrochemical interfaces has remained an open challenge of computational electrochemistry. Using molecular dynamics simulations of silver–water and silver–acetonitrile interfaces, we show that switching the solvent changes the signs for both the charge of maximum capacitance (CMC) and charge of maximum entropy (CME). Contrasting the capacitance and CME behavior of these two interfaces, we demonstrate that the preferred orientation of the solvent molecule and the corresponding charge density determine the sign of the CMC and CME and, hence, the qualitatively different charge asymmetry of the electrochemical interface.
Freestanding lipid bilayer tensiometer for the study of mechanosensitive ion channels
Authors: Pérez-Mitta Gonzalo , MacKinnon Roderick 
Published: March 2023

Mechanical forces modify the cell membrane potential by opening mechanosensitive ion channels. We report the design and construction of a lipid bilayer tensiometer to study channels that respond to lateral membrane tension,

γ

, in the range 0.2 to 1.4

k
B

T

nm

2

(0.8 to 5.7

mN

m

). The instrument consists of a black-lipid-membrane bilayer, a custom-built microscope, and a high-resolution manometer. Values of

γ

are obtained from the determination of the bilayer curvature as a function of applied pressure by means of the Young–Laplace equation. We demonstrate that

γ

can be determined by calculating the bilayer radius of curvature from fluorescence microscopy imaging or from measurements of the bilayer’s electrical capacitance, both yielding similar results. Using electrical capacitance, we show that the mechanosensitive potassium channel TRAAK responds to

γ

, not curvature. TRAAK channel open probability increases as

γ

is increased from 0.2 to 1.4

k
B

T

nm

2

but open probability never reaches 0.5. Thus, TRAAK opens over a wide range of

γ

, but with a tension sensitivity about one-fifth that of the bacterial mechanosensitive channel MscL.