bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 2 Incisional Methods in Hair Transplantation
Authors: Chen Lulu , Wang Bo , Liu Xiaona , Yang Jiadong , Jiang Wenjie 
Published: June 2023

Hair transplantation has been an effective technique for facial contour modification. Hair follicular units (FU) harvested from scalp strip is the gold-standard method for hair transplantation. The difference in obtaining FU from different shapes of scalp strips is not clear yet. Follicular units of 127 patients were harvested from scalp strip through parallelogram incision or fusiform incision from October 2017 to January 2020. The number of FU in 1 cm2 scalp strip were calculated and paired t test were used to compare the difference in hair follicle acquirement rate between 2 incisions. The number and acquisition rate of FU by parallelogram incision were significantly higher than that by fusiform incision. Therefore, parallelogram incision might be more suitable to harvest FU for hair transplantation surgery.
Utility of Regional Maxillary Nerve Blocks in Improving Cleft Palate Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Jacobs-El Hannah , Samuel Ankhita , Chen Xizhao , Yemen Terrance , Gampper Thomas , Black Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Palatoplasty procedures used to repair cleft palates are commonly associated with limiting postoperative pain. Regional anesthetic blocks have been utilized to improve pain outcomes and decrease opioid intake, yet additional data is needed to fully explore its utility in this setting.

Objective:
To explore whether ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic maxillary blocks (SMB) improve postoperative pain, postoperative opioid use, time to oral feeding, and length of stay compared with a palatal field block in cleft palate repair.

Methods:
In this retrospective chart review, 47 patients aged 9 to 25 months who underwent cleft palate repair between 2013 and 2020 were allocated into 2 groups: a control group where patients received only palatal local anesthetic in a field block fashion (N=29), and Maxillary block group who received ultrasound-guided SMB (N=18). Patients were matched by age and cleft Veau type. The primary outcomes were total postoperative morphine equivalent consumption, average pain scores, length of stay, and time to first oral feed.

Results:
Comparing field block versus SMB groups, there was not a statistical difference in the overall dose of postoperative morphine equivalent opioid administration (11.71 vs. 13.36 mg; P=0.483), average pain scores (5.78 vs. 5.27; P=0.194), time to first oral feed [17.21 vs. 14.48 h; P=0.407, 95% CI: (−3.85, 9.32)] or length of stay (P=0.292).

Conclusion:
The use of SMBs did not demonstrate a difference in the postoperative outcomes evaluated by this study. Further study is needed to define its utility in cleft palate repair
Performance of ChatGPT and Bard in Self-Assessment Questions for Nephrology Board Renewal
Authors: Noda Ryunosuke , Izaki Yuto , Kitano Fumiya , Komatsu Jun , Ichikawa Daisuke , Shibagaki Yugo 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundLarge language models (LLMs) pretrained on vast amounts of data have significantly influenced recent advances in artificial intelligence. While GPT-4 has demonstrated high performance in general medical examinations, its performance in specialised areas such as nephrology is unclear. This study aimed to compare ChatGPT and Bard and their potential clinical applications in nephrology.MethodsNinety-nine questions from the Self-Assessment Questions for Nephrology Board Renewal from 2018 to 2022 were presented to two versions of ChatGPT (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) and Bard. We calculated the overall correct answer rates for the five years, each year, and question categories and checked whether they exceeded the pass criterion. The correct answer rates were compared with those of the nephrology residents.ResultsThe overall correct answer rates for GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Bard were 31.3% (31/99), 54.5% (54/99), and 32.3% (32/99), respectively, thus GPT-4 demonstrated significantly higher performance than GPT-3.5 (p < 0.01) and Bard (p < 0.01). GPT-4 met the passing criteria in three years. GPT-4 demonstrated significantly higher performance in problem-solving, clinical, and non-image questions than GPT-3.5 and Bard. The correct answer rate for GPT-4 was intermediate between the rates for third- and fourth-year nephrology residents.ConclusionsGPT-4 significantly outperformed GPT-3.5 and Bard and met the Nephrology Board renewal standards in three of five years. These findings underline the potential applications of LLMs in nephrology as well as their advantages and disadvantages. As LLMs advance, nephrologists must understand their performance and reliability for future applications.
Identifying older adults at risk for Alzheimer’s Disease based on smartphone data obtained during wayfinding in the real world
Authors: Marquardt Jonas , Mohan Priyanka , Spiliopoulou Myra , Glanz Wenzel , Butryn Michaela , Kuehn Esther , Schreiber Stefanie , Maass Anne , Diersch Nadine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD), as a leading cause for disability and death in old age, represents a major burden to healthcare systems worldwide. For the development of disease-modifying interventions and treatments, the detection of cognitive changes at the earliest disease stages is crucial. Recent advancements in mobile consumer technologies provide new opportunities to collect multi-dimensional data in real-life settings to identify and monitor at-risk individuals. Based on evidence showing that deficits in spatial navigation might constitute one of the earliest AD symptoms, we assessed whether older adults who report subjective cognitive decline (SCD) but score normally on neuropsychological assessments show differences in smartphone-assisted wayfinding behavior compared with cognitively healthy older and younger adults. Guided by a mobile application, participants had to find locations along a short route on the medical campus of the Magdeburg university. We show that performance measures that were extracted from GPS and user input data distinguish between the groups. In particular, the number of orientation stops was predictive of the SCD status in older participants. Our data suggest that cognitive changes, associated with an elevated AD risk, can be inferred from smartphone data, collected during a brief episode of an everyday behavior.
Standardization of drug names in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System: The DiAna dictionary
Authors: Fusaroli Michele , Giunchi Valentina , Battini Vera , Puligheddu Stefano , Khouri Charles , Carnovale Carla , Raschi Emanuel , Poluzzi Elisabetta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) receives drug names in various forms, including brand names, active ingredients, abbreviations, and misspellings, which creates challenges in nomenclature standardization. The lack of consensus on standardization strategies and of transparency hampers replicability and accuracy in conducting disproportionality analysis using FAERS data.AimWe have developed an open-source drug-to-ingredient dictionary called the DiAna dictionary (short for Disproportionality Analysis). Additionally, we have linked the DiAna dictionary to the WHO Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system.MethodsWe retrieved all drug names reported to the FAERS from 2004 to December 2022. Using existing dictionaries such as RxNorm and string editing techniques, we automatically translated the drug names to active ingredients. Manual revision was performed to correct errors and improve translation accuracy. The resulting DiAna dictionary was linked to the ATC classification, proposing a primary ATC code for each ingredient.ResultsWe retrieved 18,151,842 reports, with 74,143,411 drug entries. We automatically translated and manually checked the first 14,832 terms, up to terms occurring at least 200 times (96.88% of total drug entries), to 6,282 unique active ingredients. Automatic unchecked translations extend the standardization to 346,854 terms (98.94%). After linking to the ATC classification, the most prominent drug classes in FAERS reports were immunomodulating (37.40%) and nervous system drugs (29.19%).ConclusionWe present the DiAna dictionary as an open-source tool and encourage experts to provide input and feedbacks. Regular updates can improve research quality and promote a common pharmacovigilance toolbox, ultimately advancing safety and improving study interpretability.Key pointsDrug name standardization impacts signal detection accuracy.DiAna dictionary cleanses drugs in FAERS for improved data control.DiAna’s transparency and flexibility improves interpretability.
Exposure to Noise and Cardiovascular Disease in a Nationwide US Prospective Cohort Study of Women
Authors: Roscoe Charlotte , T. Grady Stephanie , Hart Jaime E. , Iyer Hari S. , Manson JoAnn E. , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Rimm Eric B. , Laden Francine , James Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:Long-term noise exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including acute cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. However, longitudinal cohort studies of long-term noise and CVD are almost exclusively from Europe, and few modelled nighttime and daytime noise separately. We aimed to examine the prospective association of outdoor long-term nighttime and daytime noise from anthropogenic sources with incident CVD using a US-based, nationwide cohort of women.Methods:We linked L50 (median) nighttime and L50 daytime modelled anthropogenic noise estimates from a US National Park Service model to geocoded residential addresses of 114,116 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to estimate risk of incident CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke associated with long-term average noise exposure, adjusted for potential individual- and area-level confounders and CVD risk factors (1988-2018). We assessed effect modification by population density, region, air pollution, vegetation cover, and neighborhood socioeconomic status, and explored mediation by self-reported average nightly sleep duration.Results:Over 2,544,035 person-years, there were 10,331 incident CVD events. In fully-adjusted models, the hazard ratios for each interquartile range increase in L50 nighttime noise (3.67 dBA) and L50 daytime noise (4.35 dBA), respectively, were 1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.06) and 1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.07). Similar associations were observed for CHD and stroke. Stratified analyses suggested that associations of nighttime and daytime noise with CVD did not differ by prespecified effect modifiers. We found no evidence that inadequate sleep (< 5 hours per night) mediated associations of noise and CVD.Discussion:Outdoor median nighttime and daytime noise at the residential address was associated with a small increase in CVD risk in a cohort of adult female nurses.
CLASS - CiaoLApo Stillbirth Support checklist: adherence to stillbirth guidelines and women’s psychological well-being
Authors: Ravaldi Claudia , Roper Francesca , Mosconi Laura , Vannacci Alfredo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundStillbirth is a global public health issue affecting millions of parents and healthcare professionals. Quality and consistency of bereavement care after stillbirth are crucial for parents’ well-being, but they depend on the implementation and impact of international guidelines.AimThis study aimed to validate practices for stillbirth care by means of the CiaoLapo Stillbirth Support (CLASS) checklist, a tool that summarises the common elements of the main international guidelines on bereavement care after stillbirth, and to explore their association with women’s satisfaction, respectful care, and psychological outcomes.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 261 women who experienced a stillbirth in the last 10 years in Italy, a country without official national guidelines. The survey included the CLASS checklist, the Perinatal Grief Scale, the National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale, and questions on satisfaction and respectful care.FindingsThe mean score of adherence to guidelines was low, 2.0 (SD 1.1, on a 4-point scale), with regional differences. The lowest scores were in respect for the baby, communication about funeral and autopsy, creating memories, and aftercare. Adherence to at least 40 out of 60 CLASS checklist items was independently associated with greater satisfaction and respectful care, and lower grief and posttraumatic stress symptoms.ConclusionThe study shows that women who receive care that adheres to stillbirth guidelines have a better psychological outcome, with lower levels of grief and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The study also highlights the need for official national guidelines and adequate training and support for healthcare professionals in countries where they are lacking.
Regulation of Medical Devices in Zimbabwe: A qualitative study with key stakeholders
Authors: Chiku Charles , Maruta Talkmore , Mbiba Fredrick , Manasa Justen 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionMedical devices play a crucial role in promoting public health. However, there is a disparity in the availability and readiness of medical device regulations in Resource-Limited Settings (RLS) compared to the global average. We conducted a study to explore the medical device regulation landscape and stakeholder perceptions in Zimbabwe.MethodologyBetween June and November 2022, we administered questionnaires to representatives of the Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ), the Medical Laboratory and Clinical Scientists Council of Zimbabwe (MLCScCZ), and the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL). We also conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 national-level critical stakeholders from these institutions to understand the current status of medical device regulations and the relationships between them. Additionally, we interviewed regulators from the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority, Tanzania, and World Health Organisation to learn about best practices in transitioning to medical device regulations. We used a thematic approach and an inductively developed common coding framework to analyse emerging themes.ResultsOur findings indicate that the current legal framework needs to be revised to regulate medical devices effectively, as it does not specify the institution(s) responsible for regulating them. While the MCAZ regulates condoms and gloves, the MLCScCZ coordinates with the NMRL to register In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices for priority diseases. Other medical devices are not regulated. Furthermore, conformity assessments for product registration are not proportional to the risk classification of medical devices, and post-market surveillance activities are ineffective. Stakeholders recognise the need to collaborate and improve the regulation of medical devices.ConclusionZimbabwe must improve its regulatory framework for medical devices to ensure that safe medical devices of acceptable quality and performance are accessible. A solid legal foundation is necessary for harmonisation and reliance practices to reduce the regulatory burden on economic operators and ease the workload on regulators.
Multimodal Pain Recognition in Postoperative Patients: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Subramanian Ajan , Cao Rui , Naeni Emad Kasaeyan , Aqajari Syed Amir Hossein , Hughes Thomas D. , Calderon Michael-David , Zheng Kai , Dutt Nikil , Liljeberg Pasi , Salanterä Sanna , Nelson Ariana M. , Rahmani Amir M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and evaluate a multimodal machine learning-based objective pain assessment algorithm on data collected from post-operative patients.MethodsThe proposed method addresses the major challenges that come with using data from such patients like the imbalanced distribution of pain classes and the scarcity of ground-truth labels. Specifically, we extracted automatic features using a convolutional autoencoder (AE) along with data augmentation techniques like weak supervision and minority oversampling to improve our models’ predictive performance. This method was used in conjunction with four different machine learning classifiers: Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) to perform binary classification on three increasing levels of pain when compared to no pain.ResultsOur models are able to recognize different pain levels with an average balanced accuracy of over 80%.ConclusionThis is the first multimodal pain recognition work done on postoperative patients and our proposed method provides valuable insights for automatic acute pain recognition in such patients.
Early Experience with Ivabradine for Focal Atrial Tachycardia in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Tolani Drishti , Ramdat Misier Nawin L. , Alqahtani Manal , Tindel Kaitlin , Scott William A. , Nguyen Hoang H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIvabradine is a promising anti-arrhythmic therapy for automatic arrhythmias such as inappropriate sinus tachycardia, junctional ectopic tachycardia, and focal atrial tachycardia (AT). However, experience with ivabradine in pediatric patients, especially those with congenital heart disease (CHD) and focal AT, remains limited. We report our findings using ivabradine for focal AT in infants and children with CHD to assess its efficacy and safety.MethodA retrospective analysis was conducted on all pediatric patients (<21 years) diagnosed with CHD at Children’s Health of Dallas, who were treated with ivabradine for focal AT. Patient demographics, arrhythmia diagnosis, anti-arrhythmic therapies, and adverse effects were evaluated. A positive response was defined as complete rhythm control within 24 hours of initiation of ivabradine.ResultsFifteen patients (median age 7 [1-8] months; 9 males (60%)) were included in this study, including 12 (80%) complex CHD. Fourteen patients (93%) had unifocal AT and one (7%) had multifocal AT. The AT occurred in the early post-operative period in six patients (40%). In two patients (13%) ivabradine was used as monotherapy. Positive response to ivabradine was observed in 12 patients (80%). Adverse events occurred in 7 patients (47%) consisting of bradycardic, which was transient, or resolved upon reducing the ivabradine dosage.ConclusionIn infants and children with CHD, ivabradine was efficacious for the treatment of focal AT without major complications. Bradycardia is a frequent adverse event. Therefore, close monitoring may be required during initiation of therapy.
Instability in longitudinal sleep duration predicts cognitive impairment in aged participants of the Seattle Longitudinal Study
Authors: Keil Samantha A. , Schindler Abigail G. , Wang Marie X. , Piantino Juan , Silbert Lisa C. , Elliott Jonathan E. , Thomas Ronald G. , Willis Sherry , Lim Miranda M. , Iliff Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImportanceSleep disturbances and clinical sleep disorders are associated with all-cause dementia and neurodegenerative conditions. It remains unclear how longitudinal changes in sleep impact the incidence of cognitive impairment.ObjectiveTo evaluate how longitudinal sleep patterns contribute to age-related changes in cognitive function in healthy adults.Design, Setting, ParticipantsThis study utilizes retrospective longitudinal analyses of a community-based study within Seattle, evaluating self-reported sleep (1993-2012) and cognitive performance (1997-2020) in aged adults.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome is cognitive impairment as defined by sub-threshold performance on 2 of 4 neuropsychological batteries: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, Trail Making Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale (Revised). Sleep duration was defined through self-report of ‘average nightly sleep duration over the last week’ and assessed longitudinally. Median sleep duration, change in sleep duration (slope), variability in sleep duration (standard deviation, Sleep Variability), and sleep phenotype (“Short Sleep” median ≤7hrs.; “Medium Sleep” median = 7hrs; “Long Sleep” median ≥7hrs.).ResultsA total of 822 individuals (mean age of 76.2 years [11.8]; 466 women [56.7%]; 216APOEallele positive [26.3%]) were included in the study. Analysis using a Cox Proportional Hazard Regression model (concordance 0.70) showed that increased Sleep Variability (95% CI [1.27,3.86]) was significantly associated with the incidence of cognitive impairment. Further analysis using linear regression prediction analysis (R2=0.201, F (10, 168)=6.010, p=2.67E-07) showed that high Sleep Variability (β=0.3491; p=0.048) was a significant predictor of cognitive impairment over a 10-year period.Conclusions and RelevanceHigh variability in longitudinal sleep duration was significantly associated with the incidence of cognitive impairment and predictive of decline in cognitive performance ten years later. These data highlight that instability in longitudinal sleep duration may contribute to age-related cognitive decline.
IE-MOIF: a novel multi-omics early integration framework for biomedical classification and biomarker discovery
Authors: Zhang Wei , Mou Minjie , Hu Wei , Lu Mingkun , Zhang Hongning , Luo Yongchao , Xu Hongquan , Zhang Hanyu , Tao Lin , Dai Haibin , Gao Jianqing , Zhu Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the context of precision medicine, multi-omics data integration provides a comprehensive understanding of underlying biological processes and is critical for disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery. One commonly used integration method is early integration through concatenation of multiple dimensionally reduced omics matrices due to its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, this approach is seriously limited by information loss and lack of latent feature interaction. Herein, a novel multi-omics early integration framework (IE-MOIF) based on information enhancement and image representation learning is thus presented to address the challenges. IE-MOIF employs the self-attention mechanism to capture the intrinsic correlations of omics-features, which make it significantly outperform the existing state-of-the-art methods for multi-omics data integration. Moreover, visualizing the attention embedding and identifying potential biomarkers offer interpretable insights into the prediction results. All source codes and model for IE-MOIF are freely availablehttps://github.com/idrblab/IE-MOIF.