bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial tumor-to-tumor metastasis in an elderly female: An unusual case report
Authors: Hota Subhransu Kumar , Mishra Subhasis , Dash Sashibhusan , Samantaray Sagarika , Mallik Rabi Narayan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is an extremely rare event, with only 150 reported cases in the literature. Meningioma, renal carcinoma, and tumors of the thyroid are the commonest sites of metastasis. Lung, breast, and GI-tract cancers are the most common types that undergo metastasis. Meningioma is the most common intracranial tumor as recipient of the tumor-to-tumor metastasis. Although breast carcinoma is the most common tumor to metastasize, adenocarcinoma from other organs can also spread to meningiomas, like the ovary and upper gastrointestinal (GI). We report a case of adenocarcinoma metastasis to meningioma with the possibility of primary involvement of the ovary or upper GI. A 77-year-old female patient presented to neurosurgery with episodes of multiple seizures and loss of consciousness. An MRI suggested a left frontotemporal meningioma. The patient underwent craniotomy with mass dissection. Microscopic examinations showed a dual tumor containing both components of meningioma with a metastatic adenocarcinomatous component. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK7). Thus, the final diagnosis was made as meningothelial meningiomas (WHO grade I) with metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma, possible primaries of the ovary or upper GI tract. The patient could not be followed up as we lost the patient a few days after surgery.
Salivary superoxide dismutase activity in smokeless tobacco consumers and non-consumers: A biochemical study
Authors: Suvarna Reshma , Rao Prasanna K. , Poonja Preethi A. , Rai Devishree , Kini Raghavendra , Meghana HC 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective:
Tobacco can alter the antioxidative capacity of saliva, and it is the first fluid that is exposed to tobacco. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line defense antioxidant that plays an important protective role against peroxidation of lipids, converts superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide, and decreases the toxic effects of free radicals. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the levels and activity of SOD in the saliva of smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumers and non-consumers.

Method and Methodology:
Total of 64 individuals were divided into two groups (study and control) with 32 patients each. The patients were divided into two groups—Group I: 32 healthy individuals who do not consume SLT (control group) and Group II: 32 individuals who consume SLT for a period more than 1 year (study group). Saliva samples were collected for analysis from both the groups.

Results:
The results of this study showed that antioxidant salivary SOD enzyme activity in tobacco chewers is higher in comparison to non-chewers.

Conclusion:
The present study enlightens us to the possible relationship between SOD enzyme levels, oxidative stress, and tobacco habit. In initial or early stages, antioxidant levels increase, thereby showing an evidence of endogenous activity. But as the duration of the habit increases, there is decrease in the body’s defense mechanism, and the level of SOD starts to fall resulting in oral lesions. This will help in establishing the reliability of SOD in saliva as a potential biomarker of oxidative stress in tobacco chewers. Further, it may also help in establishing the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of premalignant lesions and oral cancer.
A dosimetric comparison of intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus rapid arc in gynecological malignancies: Dose beyond planning target volume, precisely 5Gy volume
Authors: Sidhu Manjinder Singh , Singh Kulbir , Sood Sandhya , Aggarwal Ritu 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Aim of radiotherapy is precise dose delivery with objective of achieving maximum local control and minimal toxicity by decreasing dose to organ at risk (OAR).This aim can be achieved by technologies like intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric arc therapy. However, later offers comparable or even better plan quality with shorter treatment time. It is important to note that low dose regions are also a concern due long-term risk of developing a second cancer after radiotherapy. The objective of our study is to do dosimetric comparison of IMRT vs. Rapid arc (RA) plan in gynecology cancer and specifically to assess dose beyond planning target volume (PTV), precisely 5 Gy volume.

Methods:
Each 20 eligible patients underwent radiotherapy planning on eclipse by both IMRT and RA plans as per institution protocols. Comparative dosimetric analysis of both plans was done by paired sample t-test. PTV metrics compared were D95%, homogenecity index (HI), and conformity index (CI). OAR dose compared were bowel V40 Gy <30%, Rectum V30 Gy <60%, Bladder V45 Gy <35%, and bilateral femur head and neck V30 Gy < 50%. Futhermore, calculated monitor units (MUs) were also compared. Finally, volume of normal tissue beyond the PTV, specifically 5 Gy volume, was compared between plans.

Results:
Dosimetric plan comparison showed statistically significant difference in RA and IMRT plans with improved PTV coverage and better OAR tolerance with RA plan. In addition, MU used were significantly less in RA plan, coupled with reduced V5 Gy volume.

Conclusion:
In sum, RA plans are dosimetrically significantly better compared to IMRT plans in gynecological malignancies in terms of PTV coverage and OAR sparing. Importantly, not only less MU used but also significantly less normal tissue V5 Gy volume is less in RA compared to IMRT plans.
Role of CA 19.9 and CEA in predicting diagnosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Verma Nishu , Vinocha Anjali 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for 90% of cases of primary liver cancer and is also responsible for the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. To improve the current scenario for the early diagnosis and management of HCC patients, a better understanding of HCC is required. Hence, serum tumor biomarkers such as CA 19-9 (cancer antigen), CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), and AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) show promising future, when it comes to early diagnosis of primary liver cancer (PHC), liver cirrhosis, and metastasis.

Methods:
It was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, data were collected from the hospital database and included a total of 245 patients of HCC attending the out-patient department and some were admitted for treatment at our institution. Out of 245 patients, 68 patients were selected for the study. We have collected information related to the patient’s demographic profile, pathological diagnosis, biochemical profile, and even radiological diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of CA 19-9 and CEA were also done.

Results:
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of liver cancer followed by HCC. We have shown a weak correlation between tumor markers CA 19-9 and CEA for the diagnosis of liver carcinoma. Further our study shows that the sensitivity of tumor marker CA 19-9 for the diagnosis of liver carcinoma is 64.28% and that of CEA is 83.67%.

Conclusion:
The search for a novel biomarker of early liver carcinoma requires further research.

Competing Interests:
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Difference in target dose distributions between Acuros XB and collapsed cone convolution/superposition and the impact of the tumor locations in clinical cases of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for lung cancer
Authors: Inoue Keiki , Matsukawa Hideaki , Kasai Yuki , Edamitsu Kana , Matsumoto Kazuki , Suetsugu Yoshiki , Hirose Taka-aki , Fukunaga Jun-ichi , Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Sasaki Tomonari 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The objective of the study is to analyze the difference in target dose distributions between Acuros XB (AXB) and collapsed cone convolution (CCC)/superposition and the impact of the tumor locations in clinical cases of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for lung cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Ninety-six patients underwent SABR for lung cancers Kyushu University Hospital from 2014 to 2017. We recalculated clinical plans originally calculated by AXB using CCC with the identical monitor units (MUs) and beam arrangements. We calculated the following dosimetric parameters: maximum dose (Dmax), minimum dose (Dmin), homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and D95 of the planning target volume (PTV). We investigated the difference between the results of two calculations and examined the impact of tumor location. Moreover, we determined the target central dose using a thorax phantom and assessed the calculation accuracy of the two algorithms for each fraction.

Results:
CCC significantly overestimated the dose to PTV, compared to AXB (P < 0.05). The mean differences of Dmax, Dmin, and D95 were 1.17, 1.95, and 1.85 Gy, respectively. The mean differences of HI and CI were 0.02 and − 0.06. Dmin, HI, and D95 had significant correlations with the tumor location, and the difference was greater when the PTV was included the chest wall (P < 0.05). The discrepancy between the calculated and irradiated dose was 2.48% for CCC, whereas it was 0.14% for AXB.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that CCC significantly overestimated the dose to PTV relative to AXB in clinical cases of lung SABR.
Simple and easily accessible prognostic markers in ewing sarcoma; neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-platelet score and systemic-inflammation index
Authors: Bal Oznur , Acikgoz Yusuf , Yildiz Birol , Kos Fahriye T. , Algin Efnan , Dogan Mutlu 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Inflammation markers are the new point of view in cancer due to increasing data on the interaction of immune system with tumor cells and their prognostic and predictive importance were found in many different types of solid tumors. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-platelet score (NPS), and systemic inflammation index (SII) in Ewing sarcoma patients in which risk groups are still not clearly defined.

Methods and Results:
A total of 64 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to find cut-off values for NLR and SII. Survival analysis was calculated by using Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine prognostic factors such as age, stage, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were statistically significant prognostic factors for OS in multivariate analysis. While patients with low NLR and SII had longer OS (P = 0.003 and P = 0.018), patients with high NPS score had shorter OS (67.7 vs 21.7 months, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Patients with lower NLR, NPS, and SII score have a better prognosis compared with those with higher NLR, NPS, and SII score and these simple parameters may be monitoring tools of the tumor microenvironment.
Expression of ER, PR, and HER-2 Neu and correlation with tumor markers in gall bladder carcinoma
Authors: Mani Rishit , Gupta Amit , Gupta Sweety , Goyal Bela , Mishra Rahul , Tandon Amoli , Sharma Oshin , Rohilla Kusum K , Kishore Sanjeev , Dhar Puneet 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Females having a large proportion of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and a higher incidence of gallstones pointed toward the role of sex hormones in GBC development. In this study, we evaluated the expression of Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2/neu and their correlation with tumor markers and clinicopathological parameters in the GBC.

Methods:
A total of 50 patients of GBC and 42 patients in control group undergoing surgery for other conditions were taken. The patient’s biopsy sample’s paraffin block was tested for ER, PR, and Her2/neu expression by immunohistochemistry.

Results:
ER and PR had no significant expression in GBC and control group, but Her2/neu had 16% expression in GBC, significantly associated with the degree of differentiation with 62.5% (n-5) being well-differentiated; 75% of Her2/neu positive were in stages III and IV. Her2/neu did not correlate with tumor markers despite expression.

Conclusions:
Her2/neu amplification is a small step in validating that option so it could be included in the treatment and prognostication of GBC.
Acylated ghrelin suppresses doxorubicin-induced testicular damage and improves sperm parameters in rats via activation of Nrf2 and mammalian target of rapamycin
Authors: Shati Ali A. , Khalil Mohammad A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Exogenous administration of acylated ghrelin (AG) afforded reproductive protective effect in several animal models but not in those treated with doxorubicin (DOX). This study evaluated the protective effect of AG against DOX-induced testicular damage and impairment in sperm parameters in rats and examined the potential mechanisms of action.

Materials and Methods:
Adult male rats were divided into five groups (n = 8/each) as control, control + AG (40 nmol/kg/day; subcutaneous), DOX (10 mg/kg/day 1; intraperitoneal [i.p.]), DOX + AG, and DOX + AG + brusatol (an Nrf2 inhibitor) (2 mg/kg/every 3 days; i.p.). The treatment regimen continued for 65 days.

Results:
AG prevented testicular damage and apoptosis; increased sperm count, motility, and viability; and reduced the number of abnormal sperms. It also increased their circulatory levels of AG, des-acylated ghrelin (DAG), and AG/DAG ratio and the testicular mRNA levels of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a Concomitantly, AG increased serum and testicular testosterone levels, reduced serum levels of the follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and upregulated the testicular protein levels of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in DOX-treated rats. In the testes of the control and DOX-treated rats, AG increased the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and stimulated the levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, as well as the nuclear activation of Nrf2. All these effects were completely prevented by co-treatment with brusatol.

Conclusion:
AG replacement therapy could be a novel strategy to prevent reproductive toxicity in cancer patients.
Human osteosarcoma cells in response to ELF-MF: Morphological remodeling compared to cell proliferation
Authors: Shoorche Amin Barati , Mohammadkarim Alireza , Jadidi Majid , Bahraminasab Marjan , Bagheri Hamed , Gholami Somayeh 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
The present study aimed to assess the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-MF) on structural changes of human osteosarcoma cells by analyzing the stained cytoskeleton for assessing the relationship between the fractal dimension parameter and proliferation rate of radiation-induced cells.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 2-mT magnetic fields with various waveforms, including sinusoidal, triangular, and pulsed shapes, were employed to determine the biological effects of ELF-EMF on the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line. All experiments were performed in two modes: continuous exposure at 3 h and fractionated irradiations at 3 consecutive days. Afterward, the proliferation assay was implemented for assessing the cell proliferation in each group. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining and confocal imaging were performed to determine the cell shape index. Furthermore, fractal dimension analysis was carried out by processing morphological images.

Results:
The proliferation and shape index parameters of radiation-induced osteosarcomas significantly decreased compared with non-irradiated cells. In addition, fractal dimensions significantly increased following fractionated exposure at 3 consecutive days.

Conclusions:
Assessing the fractal dimensions can be considered as a new morphological index for the prognosis of the structural remodeling of human osteosarcoma cells in response to fractionated irradiation of ELF-MF. In addition, various waveforms induce a similar effect on morphological remodeling and cell proliferation.
Retrospective comparison between definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy and radical surgery for 538 patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in a single institution
Authors: Miki Yosuke , Yamashita Hideomi , Nakajima Jun , Karasaki Takahiro , Kitano Kentaro , Katano Atsuto , Takenaka Ryousuke , Ogita Mami , Sawayanagi Subaru , Minamitani Masanari , Jinnouchi Haruka , Noyama Tomoyuki , Takeuchi Kenta , Ishida Aki , Abe Osamu 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Survival information for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and surgery for stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was examined.

Methods:
Stage I NSCLC patients who underwent surgery or SBRT between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively enrolled in this single-institution study. Using the Kaplan-–Meier method and Cox regression model, overall survival (OS) was estimated and compared.

Results:
Among 538 enrolled patients, compared to the surgery group (443), the SBRT group (95) had more complications (P = 0.01), worse performance status (P = 0.001), and were older (P < 0.001). Three-year OS was 70.5% post SBRT and 90.1% postsurgery. The 3-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) post SBRT and postsurgery were 92.7% vs. 92.3% and 61.1% vs 79.3%, respectively. Three-year locoregional and distant control rates post SBRT and postsurgery were 85.6% vs. 90.1% and 82.5% vs. 86.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis using the Cox model, including age, T-stage, CCI, and C/T ratio and treatment, showed the surgery group’s OS to be significantly superior to that of the SBRT group (HR of SBRT per surgery: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.12–3.21, P = 0.017). No significant differences were observed in rates of adverse events.

Conclusion:
Although OS was better in the surgery group, no differences in CSS existed. This analysis suggests the need for future studies that compare specific radical surgeries and SBRT in a prospective and randomized setting.
Carcinoma cervix: A single institute experience from Kashmir, Northern India
Authors: Nasreen Shahida , Lone Aabid R. , Manzoor Arshad , Dar Showket A. , Banday Saquib Z. , Nuzhatu Nazia , Rasool Malik T. , Andleeb Asifa , Wani Shaqul Q. , Fatima Kaneez , Sofi Mushtaq A. , Hussain Shaiba , Dar Nazir Ahmad 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Carcinoma cervix is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths worldwide in 2020. Carcinoma cervix is an uncommon malignancy in Kashmir. In this retrospective study, we have tried to find clinicopathological characteristics of carcinoma cervix along with the survival rates at our tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Case records of cervical cancer patients registered from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2019, were retrieved. A total of 138 patients was registered. 22 had undergone surgery, and out of these 17 had received postoperative radiotherapy. 109 patients were treated with definitive chemoradiation and 13 with palliative radiotherapy. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient and treatment-related variables, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed for survival analysis.

Results:
A total of 138 cases that were registered from 2015 to 2019 were included in this study. The median age at the presentation was 56 years. Most of the patients had a performance status of 1 (98 patients (71.01)). Most of the patients 110 (79.71%) were married before 20 years of age, only 1 patient was unmarried, and 85 (61.59) patients were multiparous in our study group. Only 14 (10.14%) patients in our study group had a history of oral contraceptive use and most of them were non-smokers [124 (89.80%)]. Multiple marriages were present in 8 (5.79%) patients only. The most common presenting symptom was bleeding per vagina (78.26%), and the maximum number of patients fall in the post-menopausal group (67.39%). 116 patients had squamous cell carcinoma histology while 10 patients had adenocarcinoma histology. Most of the patients had stage II and stage III disease (85 patients). At last, follow up out of 138 patients 75 (54.35) were alive. 3 year disease-free survival was 54.34% and 3-year overall survival was 72.46%.

Conclusion:
Carcinoma cervix is an uncommon malignancy in Kashmir because of different socio-cultural and religious practices but the response to treatment, toxicity profile, and survival are similar to the rest of the world.
Copy number variations in male breast cancer
Authors: Kour Akeen , Sharma Sarika , Sambyal Vasudha , Guleria Kamlesh , Singh Neeti R. , Uppal Manjit S. , Manjari Mridu , Sudan Meena 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Common copy number variations often contain cancer-related genes and are likely to play a role in carcinogenesis. Different mechanisms of tumorigenesis are suggested in female and male breast cancer because of different molecular profiles. The cytogenetic analysis of GTG-banded chromosomes was performed in six male patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma and six healthy male controls matched for age. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis was performed in male breast cancer (MBC) patients. Cytogenetic analysis found aberrations previously implicated in cancer. SNP array analysis in patients revealed a gain of Xp11.23, 8p23.2, Yq11.221, Yq11.3 (AZF region), 12p11.21, 18q12.1, and 17q21.3; a loss of Yq11.222 and 7q11.21; and a loss of heterozygosity of 4p16.3, 6p12.3, 6p22.2-p21.31, 7p14.2-14.1, 18q11.2-q12.1, 20p11.23-11.1, 20q11.21-11.23, 1q25.2-q25.3, 2q11.1-q11.2, 5q23.1-23.2, 11p15.4-15.3, and 22q13.1-13.31. Some of these variations, especially those of the Y-chromosome, have not been reported earlier. Chromosomal loci identified by SNP array harbor genes were reported to be associated with cancer progression and metastasis, indicating their involvement in MBC also.
Role of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in prognostication, monitoring of treatment response, and surveillance of locally advanced cervical carcinoma
Authors: Tony Vinitha , Sathyamurthy Arvind , Ramireddy Jeba Karunya , Iswarya S. Janani , Gowri S Mahasampath , Thomas Anitha , Peedicayil Abraham , Ram Thomas Samuel 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag) is a sub-fraction of the tumor antigen TA-4, first isolated by Kato and Torigoe, the most commonly used tumor marker in cervical cancer. It can be used as a serum marker to detect residual disease, early local recurrence, or distant metastasis in locally advanced cervical cancer even before the clinical symptoms of recurrence or metastasis.

Methods and Materials:
Between January 2018 and August 2018, 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma cervix (FIGO) stages IB2-IVA, who received concurrent chemoradiation, followed by brachytherapy, were included in the study. Serum SCC Ag levels were collected at four time points during the course of the treatment, and their correlation with tumor and treatment factors were analyzed.

Results:
As the FIGO stage increases, mean pre-treatment SCC Ag also increases. Node-positive patients had higher pre-treatment SCC Ag as compared to those who were negative (P = 0.05). There was a statistically significant decreasing trend in the mean SCC Ag at the end of EBRT (P = 0.015). After completion of treatment, 78% had a complete response, 8% had a partial response, and 14% had progressive disease with statistically significant elevation of SCC Ag at 6 weeks of follow-up (P = 0.01). Patients who progressed or had the residual disease at follow-up were found to have high pre-treatment SCC Ag values.

Conclusion:
SCC Ag can be potentially used as a reference indicator of biological behavior of cervical cancer, to monitor the treatment response, and as a prognostic marker, especially in those with node-positive disease.