bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the efficiency and the justice of energy transformation for the United States of America, China, and the European Union
Authors: Liu Pingkuo , Zhao Ruiqi , Han Xue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA conceptual framework is constructed to discuss the Energy Transformation Efficiency and the Energy Transformation Justice for Carbon Neutrality and sustainable development. Both the Slack Based Measure‐based Efficiency Model and the improved Energy Transformation Justice Model are applied to measure the transformation efficiency and the transformation justice respectively. Then for empirical analysis, the influencing mechanism of the energy transformation efficiency and justice on the energy economy is analyzed by using the panel data of the USA, China and the EU from 2000 to 2020 with the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR). The results reveal that: The energy transformation efficiency requires a subtle balance between three essential inputs and two important outputs, while the energy transformation justice associated with five dimensions can describe both the equal opportunity and the procedural justice. Both the energy transformation efficiency and the energy transformation justice are improving year by year, and they are not completely mutually exclusive at present. As far as the performance is concerned, the EU is the best of all at both the efficiency and the justice, the USA is better than China at the justice, but China is better than the USA at the efficiency. In terms of interrelationship, there is an obvious Regime Switching Effect when the energy transformation efficiency and justice influencing on the energy economy growth. Furthermore, note that the state transition of both the efficiency and the justice can be limited by the economic situation of energy sector in each economy.
The integration of machine learning into automated test generation: A systematic mapping study
Authors: Fontes Afonso , Gay Gregory 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) may enable effective automated test generation. We characterize emerging research, examining testing practices, researcher goals, ML techniques applied, evaluation, and challenges in this intersection by performing. We perform a systematic mapping study on a sample of 124 publications. ML generates input for system, GUI, unit, performance, and combinatorial testing or improves the performance of existing generation methods. ML is also used to generate test verdicts, property‐based, and expected output oracles. Supervised learning—often based on neural networks—and reinforcement learning—often based on Q‐learning—are common, and some publications also employ unsupervised or semi‐supervised learning. (Semi‐/Un‐)Supervised approaches are evaluated using both traditional testing metrics and ML‐related metrics (e.g., accuracy), while reinforcement learning is often evaluated using testing metrics tied to the reward function. The work‐to‐date shows great promise, but there are open challenges regarding training data, retraining, scalability, evaluation complexity, ML algorithms employed—and how they are applied—benchmarks, and replicability. Our findings can serve as a roadmap and inspiration for researchers in this field.
Capacity and failure modes of restrained hollow core slabs taking into account compressive membrane action
Authors: Thienpont Thomas , Van Coile Ruben , De Corte Wouter , Caspeele Robby 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe formation of compressive membrane action in restrained precast concrete hollow core slabs is investigated, and how it affects the load bearing capacity and failure mode under excessive loading. To this end, attention is oriented to a recently completed experimental campaign specifically aimed at quantifying this phenomenon in real‐scale hollow core slabs. The outcomes of this experimental campaign are then analyzed using a validated finite element model, to further study the effects of compressive membrane action on the structural behavior of hollow core slabs. From the numerical evaluations, it can be concluded that the ultimate capacity and failure mode of restrained hollow core slabs strongly depend on the restraint conditions, as well as the span‐to‐depth ratio. The results also indicate that in some cases the failure is caused by crushing of concrete in the top flange, which is typically not observed in case of simply supported boundary conditions. Additionally, the influence of the inherent uncertainties associated with material properties and geometry on the ultimate capacity and failure mode of restrained hollow core slabs is investigated. Probabilistic model evaluations are performed for a wide range of boundary conditions. The results indicate a very high influence of the uncertainty on the concrete tensile strength on the membrane action in precast hollow core slabs.
Numerical simulation of the grouting penetration process by developing a temperature‐dependent spatial–temporal rheological model
Authors: Yin Xiuliang , Wu Zhijun , Weng Lei , Liu Quansheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the grout penetration process in rock fracture using a self‐developed grouting simulator, in which the spatial–temporal characteristics of the grout properties are adequately considered. To this end, time‐dependent Bingham models as rheological equations, which consider the time‐dependent characteristics of the cement‐sodium silicate grout properties induced by grout hydration, were proposed first by the experimental method. Then, the new grouting simulator was developed by integrating the time‐dependent Bingham model, modified stepwise algorithm, and fluid flow solver. To verify the developed model, two benchmark tests were conducted. Finally, to further explore the influences of the injection rates, ratios of cement to sodium silicate (C/S ratios) and temperatures on the grouting process, a series of numerical grouting examples were systematically conducted. The results indicate that the developed simulator can accurately model the penetration process of the grout with temperature‐dependent spatial–temporal rheological characteristics, especially the grouting pressure distribution in the grouted zone. With the increase of the C/S ratios and temperatures, the grout pressure in the grouted zone increases. The grout pressure distribution is greatly dependent on the injection rates and C/S ratios but is relatively less affected by the temperatures.
Application of Metal‐Free Dearomatization Reaction as a Sustainable Strategy to Direct Access Complex Cyclic Compounds
Authors: Xu Xianjun , Zhong Ling , Feng Huangdi , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe highly efficient construction of complicated heterocyclic frameworks in an atom‐ and step‐economic manner is still one of the cores of synthetic chemistry. Dearomatization reactions show the unique advantage for the construction of functionalized heterocycles and have attracted widespread attention over the past two decades. The metal‐free approach has proved to be a green and sustainable paradigm for the synthesis of spirocyclic, polycyclic and heterocyclic scaffolds, which are widely present in natural products and bioactive molecules. In this review, the advances in the recent six years (2017–2023) in metal‐free dearomatization reactions are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on developments in the field of organo‐catalyzed dearomatization reactions, oxidative dearomatization reactions, Brønsted acid‐ or base‐promoted dearomatization reactions, photoredox‐catalyzed dearomatization reactions, and electrochemical oxidation dearomatization reactions.
Long time behaviour for solutions to a particular wave equation
Authors: MIRI Sofiane El‐Hadi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a wave problem, involving an anisotropic differential operator is considered. Such kind of problems can be used to modelise seismic phenomena or electrorheological smart fluid. Existence of local solution is obtained in a particular case. An asymptotic analysis is made, with the aim to obtain the long time behaviour of a solution, more precisely we establish a kind of polynomial decay.
Actors Behind Contention Over the Welfare State in the 1980s
Authors: Jansson Jenny , Uba Katrin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe 1980s has been described as a time when there was a ‘neoliberal turn’ in public and political debate. In Sweden, many of these new ideas focused on the size and organisation of the welfare state. Although the government implemented a few reforms in the 1980s, activists mobilised many welfare-state-related protests. In this chapter, we describe the trends of these actions and investigate which actors were behind these protests. Our findings show that trade unions and client groups of the welfare state were particularly active, and this aligns well with research on the retrenchment of the welfare state that has shown unions’ and client groups’ opposition to cutbacks everywhere. The third group that we expected to mobilise concerning welfare state issues comprised the proponents of neoliberal reforms, such as pro-business groups. Similar to other studies on the rich people’s movement, we show how these groups seldom choose visible actions, but when they do, they have the resources to organise significant and spectacular events. For example, the Fourth of October demonstration in 1983 was one of the largest demonstrations organised in Sweden. We also note that the mobilisation in the 1980s could not stop the significant welfare retrenchment that followed during the 1990s.
When Anarchism Met Punk
Authors: Lundström Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter outlines how certain repertoires of contention became regenerated and enacted in the Swedish 1980s when anarchism met punk. It shows how the meeting between the Swedish anarchist movement, and the subcultural punk scene, fostered a breeding ground for new forms of activism, a hotbed that regenerated political repertoires buried in the social soil—like pyrophile plants sprouting through a wildfire. The chapter exhibits how the anarchist periodical Brand, published on a regular basis since the late 1800s, was rebranded through anarcho-punk aesthetics and increasingly synchronized with the repertoires of contention signatory to the broader autonomous movement in Europe. Hence, the anarchist politics of direct action prompted in the Swedish 1980s a revived struggle accompanied by the disorderly rebelliousness of punk and the disobedient temporality of prefiguration. When anarchism met punk, the radical struggle against hierarchy and for freedom was not primarily a political goal located at the horizon of time, but rather a politics to enact, to prefigure, a desirable future already in the present.
The Environmental Movement Between Institutionalization and Conflict
Authors: Quirico Monica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to explore the development of this movement in Sweden in the 1980s, i.e. in that “middle-earth” between the formative period of a renewed environmental movement (1960s–1970s) and the completion of its institutionalization at global level in the 1990s. Theories of political opportunities structure have overlooked that the relation between the political arena and the complex galaxy of environmental groups was far from being uncomplicated. The chapter focuses precisely on this multifaceted interplay, which is studied through two cases of bottom-up mobilization, one at national level, the anti-nuclear campaign, and the other at local level: the struggle against the Scandinavian Link. How were institutions regarded by these activists? How did they experience the relation between representative and direct democracy, both in principle and in concrete terms (dialogue/confrontation with institutional representatives)? By addressing these issues, this chapter aims to contribute research on social movements with a more nuanced understanding of their oscillation between the institutional and the confrontational level. The sources are, besides secondary literature, bulletins and publications of the groups and associations involved in the two campaigns examined in this chapter as well as media articles.
Peace Actions and Mainstream Media: Framing Nuclear Disarmament Protests in Welfare Sweden
Authors: Öhman Anton 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates how reports in Swedish mainstream media framed the 1980s peace movement collective actions in Sweden. By revisiting press coverage of protest events, the analysis identifies the central characteristics of the framing. Primarily, the protests are found to be framed in positive terms and successfully conveyed what Charles Tilly and others have noted as key for a social movement to gain influence: worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment. In addition, the collective actions were framed as common sense based, festive, and diverse, and in favorable terms in contrast to the notion of the “protest paradigm,” which states that this kind of protest generally was framed negatively, and the framing of collective peace action in other countries. An explanation for the positive framing could be that the peace movement’s claims were non-threatening to the Swedish nuclear welfare state. This favorable framing can be further attributed to what is here analyzed as media-movement co-framing, meaning that the media’s representation of peace actions and collective action framework of them to a significant degree overlapped can explain the favorable framing. As a result, the movement and media framings mutually reinforced each other.
Wrapped M5-branes and AdS5 black holes
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , Dimitrov Vasil , Vekemans Annelien 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We use consistent truncations in supergravity to show that the backreaction of N rotating M5-branes wrapped on a Riemann surface leads to asymptotically AdS5 black hole solutions of 11d supergravity. We discuss the thermodynamic properties of these black holes focusing on their supersymmetric limit. The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the supersymmetric black holes scales as N3 and can be reproduced by the superconformal index of the holographically dual 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs of class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
.
(Non-)unitarity of strictly and partially massless fermions on de Sitter space
Authors: Letsios Vasileios A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present the dictionary between the one-particle Hilbert spaces of totally symmetric tensor-spinor fields of spin s = 3/2, 5/2 with any mass parameter on D-dimensional (D ≥ 3) de Sitter space (dSD) and Unitary Irreducible Representations (UIR’s) of the de Sitter algebra spin(D, 1). Our approach is based on expressing the eigenmodes on global dSD in terms of eigenmodes of the Dirac operator on the (D − 1)-sphere, which provides a natural way to identify the corresponding representations with known UIR’s under the decomposition spin(D, 1) ⊃ spin(D). Remarkably, we find that four- dimensional de Sitter space plays a distinguished role in the case of the gauge-invariant theories. In particular, the strictly massless spin-3/2 field, as well as the strictly and partially massless spin-5/2 fields on dSD, are not unitary unless D = 4.
Optical Effects by Escher Which Anticipate Digital Rendering
Authors: Martelli Luca , Carnevali Laura , Ippoliti Elena , Lanfranchi Fabio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEscher's depiction of transparency, refraction, and reflection overlaps geometric coding of chiaroscuro from the first half of the twentieth century and anticipates several eidomatic effects. After studying some digital rendering processes, we propose a method similar to Escher's and apply it to a drawing of Mies van der Rohe's Glashochhaus.
Technopolitical Construction of a River Basin: Turkey’s Encounters and Adventures with the “TVA Idea”
Authors: Alkan Aybike 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the postwar era, the preferred approach to harnessing rivers was through integrated river basin planning (IRBP), which required a holistic focus on the river basin for multipurpose development. While the river basin is taken for granted as the natural unit of development in the definitions of the IRBP concept, this article problematizes the river basin idea and reveals the politics behind what has been deemed natural (scientific), with a specific focus on Turkey’s experience with IRBP. It explores geopolitical and national motivations and challenges in the context of the scaling of the Euphrates-Tigris basin. By approaching IRBP as a process of scale-making, it draws from discussions of the politics of scale in the literature on political ecology, but also incorporates a historical dimension to these discussions with attention to the political and environmental histories of Southeastern Turkey, which became home to Turkey’s first and most extensive IRBP project, the Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP).The article stretches the chronological boundaries of GAP to the decades prior to the 1970s, when the project was initiated, by analyzing archival materials, including the proceedings of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the archives of a daily newspaper, and the expert reports on GAP. The analysis highlights the politics of scale as a powerful constituent of the politics of technological development, and shows the significance of historical analysis to delineate the politics of river basin planning into different layers, including the level of geopolitics, territorial disputes, and international conflicts.
Investigating the Role of Goals and Motivation on Waste Separation Behavior Through the Lens of the Theory of Reasoned Goal Pursuit
Authors: Concari Alessandro , Kok Gerjo , Martens Pim , Brink Nathalie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNowadays the prediction and change of waste-related behaviors represent a key topic for scholars and policy makers. The theoretical mainstays applied to waste separation behavior, such as the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the Norm Activation Model and the Value Belief Norm, do not include the construct of goal in their formulation. Other goal-focused theories, such as the Goal Systems Theory (GST), lack applications on separation behavior. Recently, Ajzen and Kruglanski (2019) have proposed the Theory of Reasoned Goal Pursuit (TRGP) which combines TPB and GST. Considering TRGP has the potential to offer further insights on human behavior and, to our knowledge, there is no application of TRGP to recycling behavior yet, this paper analyses waste separation behavior of households in Maastricht and Zwolle (The Netherlands) under the lens of TRGP. Although waste separation behavior represents a kind of habitual behavior, this paper highlights the influence of goals and motivation on intention to separate waste. Furthermore, it offers some indications to promote behavior change and some suggestions for future research directions.
Immune compartments at the brain’s borders in health and neurovascular diseases
Authors: Goertz Jennifer E. , Garcia-Bonilla Lidia , Iadecola Costantino , Anrather Josef 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent evidence implicates cranial border immune compartments in the meninges, choroid plexus, circumventricular organs, and skull bone marrow in several neuroinflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Their pathogenic importance has also been described for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and stroke. In this review, we will examine the cellular composition of these cranial border immune niches, the potential pathways through which they might interact, and the evidence linking them to cardiovascular disease.
Computed high-b-value high-resolution DWI improves solid lesion detection in IPMN of the pancreas
Authors: Harder Felix N. , Jung Eva , Weiss Kilian , Graf Markus M. , Kamal Omar , McTavish Sean , Van Anh T. , Demir Ihsan E. , Friess Helmut , Phillip Veit , Schmid Roland M. , Lohöfer Fabian K. , Kaissis Georgios A. , Makowski Marcus R. , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Braren Rickmer F. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To examine the effect of high-b-value computed diffusion-weighted imaging (cDWI) on solid lesion detection and classification in pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and histopathology as a standard of reference.

Methods
Eighty-two patients with known or suspected IPMN were retrospectively enrolled. Computed high-b-value images at b = 1000 s/mm2 were calculated from standard (b = 0, 50, 300, and 600 s/mm2) DWI images for conventional full field-of-view (fFOV, 3 × 3 × 4 mm3 voxel size) DWI. A subset of 39 patients received additional high-resolution reduced-field-of-view (rFOV, 2.5 × 2.5 × 3 mm3 voxel size) DWI. In this cohort, rFOV cDWI was compared against fFOV cDWI additionally. Two experienced radiologists evaluated (Likert scale 1–4) image quality (overall image quality, lesion detection and delineation, fluid suppression within the lesion). In addition, quantitative image parameters (apparent signal-to-noise ratio (aSNR), apparent contrast-to-noise ratio (aCNR), contrast ratio (CR)) were assessed. Diagnostic confidence regarding the presence/absence of diffusion-restricted solid nodules was assessed in an additional reader study.

Results
High-b-value cDWI at b = 1000 s/mm2 outperformed acquired DWI at b = 600 s/mm2 regarding lesion detection, fluid suppression, aCNR, CR, and lesion classification (p =  < .001–.002). Comparing cDWI from fFOV and rFOV revealed higher image quality in high-resolution rFOV-DWI compared to conventional fFOV-DWI (p ≤ .001–.018). High-b-value cDWI images were rated non-inferior to directly acquired high-b-value DWI images (p = .095–.655).

Conclusions
High-b-value cDWI may improve the detection and classification of solid lesions in IPMN. Combining high-resolution imaging and high-b-value cDWI may further increase diagnostic precision.

Clinical relevance statement
This study shows the potential of computed high-resolution high-sensitivity diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for solid lesion detection in pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN). The technique may enable early cancer detection in patients under surveillance.

Key Points
• Computed high-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (cDWI) may improve the detection and classification of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas.
• cDWI calculated from high-resolution imaging increases diagnostic precision compared to cDWI calculated from conventional-resolution imaging.
• cDWI has the potential to strengthen the role of MRI for screening and surveillance of IPMN, particularly in view of the rising incidence of IPMNs combined with now more conservative therapeutic approaches.
A Malmquist–Steinmetz Theorem for Difference Equations
Authors: Zhang Yueyang , Korhonen Risto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is shown that if the equation $$\begin{aligned} f(z+1)^n=R(z,f), \end{aligned}$$

f

(
z
+
1
)

n

=
R

(
z
,
f
)

,

where R(z, f) is rational in both arguments and $$\deg _f(R(z,f))\not =n$$

deg
f

(
R

(
z
,
f
)

)

≠
n

, has a transcendental meromorphic solution, then the equation above reduces into one out of several types of difference equations where the rational term R(z, f) takes particular forms. Solutions of these equations are presented in terms of Weierstrass or Jacobian elliptic functions, exponential type functions or functions which are solutions to a certain autonomous first-order difference equation having meromorphic solutions with preassigned asymptotic behavior. These results complement our previous work on the case $$\deg _f(R(z,f))=n$$

deg
f

(
R

(
z
,
f
)

)

=
n

of the equation above and thus provide a complete difference analogue of Steinmetz’ generalization of Malmquist’s theorem.