bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedside and Beyond
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The attendings made bedside teaching (or the teaching that occurs just outside of a patient’s room) a mainstay of their approach. They felt that the best way to learn was from the patients themselves. They combined their physical examination and questioning of the patient with the presentation of relevant teaching points. Attendings taught that information learned from a current patient should be applied to the next patient. In this way, what is taught builds on itself, creating a solid foundation of knowledge. Attendings would not only teach to the team but would be alert to any need to provide individual instruction. They recognized that team members have different learning capacities and sought to prevent knowledge gaps from developing in every level of learner.
The Sacred Act of Healing
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Attendings treated their patients with respect, empathy, and understanding. Even though their encounters may be brief, attendings spent time getting to know their patients and building rapport. Developing these relationships helped the team plan for the patient’s care both within and outside the hospital. Attendings spent time explaining, without the use of medical jargon, to patients what they were thinking and how they were approaching the patient’s treatment. To the extent they could, they sat down or kneeled when speaking to patients. In order to stave off hospital readmission, attendings not only focused their treatment on what brought the patient into the hospital in the first place, but they also looked for other potential issues that might affect the patient’s health and well-being and that could be addressed while the patient was hospitalized.
Caring During Crisis
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Attendings remain leaders and role models for their team, even in times of crisis or distress. The COVID-19 pandemic placed a unique strain on both healthcare workers and patients as the unknown unraveled. Observations of and actions taken by the authors’ own healthcare system revealed tactics used by attendings to navigate and teach during crisis, including attendings taking on roles outside of their normal responsibilities (to further assist their team), connecting on a personal level with their learners, and identifying as an equal member of the team rather than enforcing strict hierarchy. These principles, though observed during COVID-19 and discussed within that context, are applicable to many types of crises.
Putting It All Together
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Harrod Molly , Saint Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors summarize the main strategies and approaches the attendings used to create safe, productive learning environments. First, the attendings created supportive team environments by developing personal relationships, keeping their interactions positive, tailoring their teaching to the level of the learner, and being a learner themselves. Second, attendings created team-based learning by focusing on their team’s thought processes, sharing their own thought processes, and expanding the team to include all health professionals. And third, they delivered not only patient-centered care but also patient-centered teaching by knowing their patients, developing rapport with them, and planning for their patients’ future outside the hospital.
The Manuals
Authors: Mitchell James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter is intended to help composers write idiomatically for the manuals. Composers commonly assume writing for the manuals is identical to writing for the piano; the ‘Overview’ attempts to dispel that myth, examining the differences between organ and piano writing as well as common organist techniques such as finger substitution and hand redistribution. ‘Idiomatic Writing’ looks at specific keyboard techniques in more detail, separating chordal and non-chordal techniques and providing a basis from which composers can innovate idiomatically. Finally, the ‘Multiple Manuals’ section explains effective ways for using more than one manual simultaneously. All of these sections feature extensive music examples showing these techniques in practice.
The Pedals
Authors: Mitchell James 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the organ pedals, one of the most misunderstood aspects of organ writing by non–organist composers. The ‘Overview’ explains the basics of how to write for the pedals, including how to indicate the pedals in the score and the basic ergonomics of pedalling. ‘Idiomatic Writing’ looks at more specific pedalling techniques, such as alternating toes, by using marked-up musical examples to demonstrate how organists would approach pedalling in practice. The ‘Double/Multi-Pedalling’ section discusses double pedalling and multi-pedalling (playing multiple notes in the pedals simultaneously). The final section, ‘The Pedals in Context’, examines how to combine the pedals both with the manuals and with other instruments in orchestral situations.
The Pyramids of Giza
Authors: Higgins Michael Denis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Pyramids of Giza have a special place on the list of the Ancient Wonders as they are the oldest and only ones to survive largely intact. They were the first buildings at a new site chosen for easy access to the Nile and for the quality of the bedrock. Not all rock was obtained on-site: the casing of higher-quality limestone was quarried east of the valley and granite was obtained from quarries near Aswan, far to the south. The Pyramids have now lost most of their exterior casing, the looting of which may have been initiated by damage from a huge earthquake near Crete in 1303 ce, one that also affected the Pharos and Mausoleum far to the north. Although the Pyramids have been empty for a long time, the pharaoh’s body must have been preserved by mummification using natural materials like natrun and enclosed in an inner sarcophagus decorated with gold and precious stones.
The Colossus of Rhodes
Authors: Higgins Michael Denis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Colossus was a huge bronze statue of Helios that stood near the harbour of Rhodes. The most important ingredient of bronze was copper, which came from deposits on Cyprus originally formed on the seafloor by “black smoker” hot springs. Tin was also needed, but we still do not know where it came from, maybe along extensive trade routes from the Far East. The statue was made of bronze panels cast using the lost-wax process and affixed to an iron framework. Its location beside the sea made it susceptible to corrosion, which may have made it vulnerable to an earthquake that felled it some sixty years after it was completed. Although we have no contemporary description of the seismic event, we can reconstruct the movement from the topography of the modern coastline and the archaeology of the harbour.
John Locke on the Necessity of Miracles for Divine Revelation
Authors: Marko Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 looks at ROC in the context of the late seventeenth-century debate on the use of miracles as an evidentiary basis for the divinity of Scripture. It argues that Locke is one of many Christian theologians in the era with a strong emphasis on the evidentiary utility of the historical testimonies of miracles for proving the divinity of Scripture. But, for those who reject miracles as such an evidentiary basis and the need for special revelation, such as the deists, Locke asks them to consider: (1) the reasonableness of revealing Scripture as Locke thinks God did, especially as it concerns the legitimate assent of the poor and uneducated; and (2) the extraordinary advancement in right morality between Christ and the best thinkers preceding Him.
John Locke and the Above Reason Controversy
Authors: Marko Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 8 sets Locke within the debate over the categorization of propositions and disputes the perceived opposition of Locke and John Toland. The chapter argues that, for Locke, propositions “above reason” simply refer to that which Scripture tells the individual that is beyond the discovery of the application of his or her faculty of reason; but he is unclear to what extent this encompasses incomprehensible doctrines. This position is closer than traditionally thought to that of John Toland, who does not deny biblical revelation that surpasses our natural abilities of discovery, but only incomprehensible doctrines of a particular sort derived from revelation. In short, John Locke’s orthodoxy is more open to question than it is often claimed, and John Toland’s heterodoxy is less drastic than it is consistently presented.
Epilogue
Authors: Marko Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This epilogue accomplishes several objectives. For one, it restates the overall argument of the book. It also briefly discusses how the non-metaphysical rendering of ecclesiastical and civil freedom is an important recurrent theme in his works. The chapter also comments on the distinction we ought to make between Locke’s personal doctrine and programmatic doctrine and the commonalities that they share. The chapter indexes issues for which Locke fails to give pastoral guidance where one might expect or desire it. The chapter concludes commenting upon the difficulty of identifying Locke within the bounds of particular sects or whether or not he is “orthodox.”
Camp TV, The Beverly Hillbillies (1962–71), and Flip Wilson’s (1970–74) Geraldine Jones
Authors: Feil Ken 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the correspondence between camp and the comedy of manners—an enduring paradigm for camp narratives—as well as the deficiencies in camp theories for addressing race and, more subtly, gender nonconformity. Recent work by Racquel Gates unearths the proximity between camp and “negative” Black texts that challenge racialized norms of tastefulness. Quinlan Miller consequently illuminates the cisgendered and white assumptions of camp theory, as well as the racialized, “trans gender queer” dimensions of gender performance that underpin 1950s and 1960s Camp TV. The sitcom The Beverly Hillbillies (1962–71, CBS) in addition to Flip Wilson’s drag performances as Geraldine Jones on Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In (1968–73, NBC) and The Flip Wilson Show (1970–74, NBC) both derive humor from a camp comedy of manners in which flamboyant vulgarity interrupts conventionally “tasteful” performances of race, gender, and sexuality. The chapter also explores Wilson’s “secondary circulation” in Black queer and trans culture.
The Many and the None
Authors: Nefdt Ryan M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, anti-realist and eliminative accounts of the ontology of language are compared and contrasted with prominent pluralist views. Anti-realism is further divided into local and global theories which deny the existence of linguistic entities and language itself respectively. Pluralism is extolled in terms of its methodological virtues while serious questions are raised about the hybrid ontologies it invites.
Linguistic Patterns and Biological Systems
Authors: Nefdt Ryan M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter follows on from the last by specifying the ontological backdrop for a real pattern analysis of language. It argues that linguistic patterns are emergent phenomena within complex biological systems. This systems biology understanding of the linguistic community goes beyond other accounts in linking human and nonhuman components to introduce a broader notion of the linguistic environment. The chapter ends with a note on how language acquisition studies might be influenced by this new view.
A Case Study
Authors: Nefdt Ryan M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter enters into the debate concerning the nature of words and other standard linguistic entities (SLEs). It applies the structuralist thinking of previous chapters and aspects of cognitive linguistics to argue for a direct ontological relationship between morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences. It draws from construction grammar, model-theoretic syntax, and representational accounts in the philosophy of words to mount a special case for a view of words as positions in complex patterns.
The Minimalist Impulse
Authors: Agawu Kofi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter argues that a minimalist impulse lies at the heart of African creativity. Large tracts of musical thought are routinely spun from a minimum of resources—two or three pitches, a pair of contrasting timbres, or nuggets of distinctly shaped rhythms subjected to extensive repetition. The chapter first defines minimalism, distinguishes between an “African minimalism” and a “Western minimalism,” samples a range of minimalist compositions from across the African continent, and finishes with a detailed analysis of a balafon performance by Ivorian virtuoso Aly Keita. Appropriating the term minimalism from European music historiography to describe the varieties of repetition-based African music is designed to facilitate analysis, encourage cross-cultural exploration, and ultimately engender admiration for the achievements of African musicians working in predominantly oral traditions who have developed extraordinary abilities to make much out of little.
African Pianism and the Challenge of Art Music
Authors: Agawu Kofi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the challenge of on-paper composing by born-in-the-tradition composers of African art music. While the best-known African repertories fall roughly into two broad categories, traditional music (which emanates from pre-colonial practices and is often associated with rural populations) and popular music (which is a largely urban, commercial and modern activity), there exists a third repertory, art music, that came into being in the nineteenth century in the wake of European Christian missionization and subsequent colonial presence. Although not as prominent as the other two, the practice of art music is far from insignificant; its identity and creative possibilities are topics of growing interest to contemporary composers and critics. This chapter focuses on African pianism, a movement within African art music, and the brainchild of Nigerian composer, scholar, and performer, Akin Euba (1935–2020). African pianism was given further visibility by Ghanaian-American scholar and pianist, William Chapman Nyaho (b.1958). What specific technical challenges does the composition of art music bring to African composers, and how might the steps taken by currently active composers encourage the development of this domain of African creativity? The Oxford anthology prompts reflection on these and related questions and suggests that the choices made by individual composers in regard to key, meter, tonal organization, texture and form affirm the enormous potential of African art music. A detailed analysis of Kwabena Nketia’s Volta Fantasy (1967) allows readers to dig deeper into the compositional process.
Rethinking Music Theory, with African Aid
Authors: Agawu Kofi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile research into music theory and analysis in the Western academy has traditionally focused on Western “Classical” music, recent globalizing and post-globalizing trends have engendered a broadening of repertories to include non-canonical music (including popular music), non-Western music (from Southeast Asia, India, China, and Africa), and miscellaneous sound sources (including ringtones, protest songs, and urban soundscapes). Welcoming these new developments, this chapter suggests that the quotidian practices of music theory stand to be enriched by greater contact with Black African music as well. At the core of the chapter are eight platforms upon which such engagement might proceed. They include aspects of harmony, melody, form, rhythm, music and language, music and social structure, musical instruments, and the appropriation of African music. In rehearsing music theory’s previous encounters with non-Western music, it emerges that the non-West has played variable roles at different points in history, fostering a range of attitudes from downright dismissal of the music of others through exoticization to acknowledgment and genuine appreciation. To “rethink music theory with African aid,” therefore, is to retrieve from the margins of theory’s own history the sorts of engagement that have become ethical imperatives in our time. The chapter ends on a pedagogical note by advocating two practices: transcription (of African musics into various standard notations to facilitate analysis) and contrapuntal reading (after Edward Said), with its potential to unveil unsuspected parallels between compositions and performances of diverse, perhaps even far-flung origins, and in the process, expose deep-lying convergences in the ways in which human beings imagine and make music.
African Rhythm Studies
Authors: Agawu Kofi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a guide to the scholarship on African rhythm produced in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It builds on the widely circulated view that rhythm is the single most distinctive quality of African music—a view reflected not only in the popular imagination but also in the musicological literature. Setting aside the question why there is such intense interest in African rhythm, the chapter addresses “who” and “what” questions: who has written technically about African rhythm in the last one hundred years or so, and what have they claimed in the way of explanatory theory? Brisk summaries of the writings of some two dozen authors are provided, and the chapter goes on to observe some of the routines of theory-making. Rhythm remains salient in scholarship because it appears to be more fully elaborated in African music than in other world musical idioms. Yet the assumptions made by scholars, the analytical tools deployed, and the institutional contexts in which theories are produced all differ widely. Then also, the body of scholarship is strangely non-cumulative insofar as subsequent writers do not always build on their predecessors’ findings. Reflecting on these and other features of the discourse sheds light on the archive as currently constituted.
A Theory of Back-Channel Policymaking
Authors: Ritchie Melinda N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the theory of back-channel policymaking in detail. It describes how constraints in the legislative process drive lawmakers to seek alternative ways to advance policies and to represent their constituencies. The bureaucracy offers members of Congress several advantages over the legislative process. Agencies have an incentive to be responsive to lawmakersâ€™ requests in order to build support in Congress for their budgets and priorities and to avoid angering legislators. This chapter describes the role of the presidency and the judiciary and the limits of agency policymaking. It presents a series of hypotheses that are tested in subsequent chapters.
Congressional Access and Influence in the Bureaucracy
Authors: Ritchie Melinda N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter uses quantitative analyses to consider how agencies respond to policy appeals from members of Congress. The chapter describes the various ways legislators can retaliate against unresponsive agencies. This chapter tests the retaliation hypothesis: Agencies prioritize contacts from lawmakers who have the greatest capacity and motivation to retaliate against the agency if it is unresponsive. The analyses compare agency responsiveness using two measures: Agency response time and a novel measure of agency prioritization constructed from agency records. The novel measure of agency prioritization indicates how the agency prioritizes a legislatorâ€™s contact and what level of access the legislator achieves (e.g., cabinet member, program officer). The results suggest that agencies prioritize—but take longer to respond to—lawmakers with the greatest capacity to retaliate against the agencies. The results also show that agencies prioritize—and respond faster to—lawmakers who have the most motivation to retaliate against an unresponsive agency.
Conclusion
Authors: Ritchie Melinda N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the implications of the bookâ€™s findings for representation and democratic governance. The book assesses the normative tradeoffs posed by the arguments and findings presented in the previous chapters. The bookâ€™s findings suggest that individual members of Congress are exploiting the separation of powers by using agency policymaking to make policy changes that would not pass the collective body of Congress. However, given the growth of administrative policymaking and the challenges of gridlock in Congress, inter-branch communication may serve as a remaining means for preserving democratic norms. Yet, the bookâ€™s discussions of issues of transparency and democratic equality (or lack thereof) suggest that the current state of inter-branch policymaking and representation is far from ideal.
Introduction
Authors: Freilich Charles D. , Cohen Matthew S. , Siboni Gabi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers insights into why it is so important to study Israel in order to better understand the threats and opportunities presented by the global cyber realm as a whole. It further explores the threats facing the world in the cyber realm. The chapter then proceeds to lay out the analytical framework that comprises the core of the book. The framework looks at the combination of strategic and economic necessity that shapes Israel’s decisions and the cultural components, termed “chutzpa gone viral,” that help Israel to achieve its goals. International relations theory is used to frame these arguments, particularly realism and constructivism.
Primary Cyber Attacks around the World
Authors: Freilich Charles D. , Cohen Matthew S. , Siboni Gabi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter readers will find a discussion of the major and most significant cyber attacks known to have taken place around the world to date. It focuses on four of the main global cyber actors: Russia, China, North Korea, and the United States. The chapter looks at the range of types of attacks these countries employ and what types of networks they have targeted. Further, it notes that even allies can pose a danger in cyber-space. The central goal of the chapter is to illustrate to readers the potential real world impact of cyber attacks and help place the threat to Israel in a broader perspective, thus allowing readers greater insight into what can be learned from Israel’s experience and actions in the cyber realm.
Strategic Culture and National Security Strategy
Authors: Freilich Charles D. , Cohen Matthew S. , Siboni Gabi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Israel’s strategic culture and its national security making processes and strategy. To understand Israel’s culture and identity, it looks at Israel’s history, values, and security situation. The chapter argues that both Israel’s hostile neighbors and its economic opportunity have led it to view innovation as a key to survival. Technology has been central to this view since before Israel’s founding, with the ideal of promoting the rapid economic growth needed to ensure Israel’s strategic and socioeconomic success. Israel has thus made large-scale investments in education, science, and technology. The chapter then proceeds to examine Israel’s security posture and how Israel makes national security decisions. Three primary factors shape such decisions: the external environment, electoral system, and primacy of the defense establishment. The chapter concludes by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of this process. The chapter’s central goal is to frame Israel’s cyber actions in this broader perspective.