bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success Rates of Cranial Remolding Orthosis Treatment of Plagiocephaly Based on Initial Presentation
Authors: Richards Chelsea J. , Petz Alyssa M. , Vallery Claire E. , Yosef Matheos , Khalatbari Shokoufeh H. , Frank Christopher J. , Richards Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cranial remolding orthoses (CROs) are used to treat deformational plagiocephaly. Treatment outcomes vary widely depending on treatment timing and severity of the deformity. The relative impact of these factors on success rates is not well known.

Objective
This study aimed to quantify success rates of CRO treatment, based on age at initiation of treatment and the severity of cranial deformity.

Study Design
This is a retrospective cohort study of infants treated for positional plagiocephaly with a CRO.

Methods
A total of 300 infants with deformational plagiocephaly who were treated with a CRO were categorized into four groups by corrected age at initiation of orthotic treatment (<22 weeks, 22–25 weeks, 26–30 weeks, and >30 weeks) and into four groups by severity of their deformity (initial cranial vault asymmetry of 6–9 mm, 10–12 mm, 13–16 mm, and 17+ mm). Success rates were compared across the groups. A successful outcome was defined as achieving a final cranial vault asymmetry of 5 mm or less.

Results
The overall success rate for CRO treatment was 75%. However, success rates among the groups varied from 6% to 98%, depending on the severity and the age at initiation. Severity had a more significant effect on success rates than age at initiation. The age at initiation became more influential in determining the likelihood of success when the infant's deformity was severe.

Conclusions
The likelihood of achieving a successful treatment outcome with a CRO varies greatly depending on the severity of the deformity and corrected age at initiation of treatment, with severity having the greater impact.

Clinical Relevance
This study provides clinicians with treatment outcomes categorized by severity and corrected age at initiation to aid in setting appropriate expectations for treatment outcomes.
Fathers Matter
Authors: Misra Dawn P. , Giurgescu Carmen , Caldwell Cleopatra Howard , Song Peter , Hu Mengtong , Adaji Rosemary , Vaughan Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To describe the characteristics of participants in the Fathers Matter study for a better understanding of fathers of the baby who engage in pregnancy research involving primarily Black couples and their relationships with their partners.

Study Design and Methods:
The Fathers Matter Study uses a prospective design, identifying father–mother dyads during pregnancy and following them until birth as part of the Biosocial Impacts on Black Births Study. Participants completed prenatal and postpartum questionnaires.

Results:
Our analyses are based on 111 fathers. Nearly all (n = 101, 91.1%) of fathers identified as Black and 51.4% (n = 57) had a high school diploma, graduate equivalency diploma, or higher. About half (n = 57, 51.4%) reported annual incomes of $10,000 or less. Most reported that relationships with the mother were very close both before (n = 100, 89.9%) and during (n = 85, 76.6%) pregnancy. However, substantial variability was found in relationship satisfaction, involvement in the pregnancy, financial support provided, and scales of conflict and support.

Clinical Implications:
We found homogeneity in sociodemographic and basic relationship measures. Complex measures of the father–mother relationships demonstrated considerable variability. Data from fathers may identify their contributions to successful birth outcomes. Understanding relationships between fathers and mothers could identify risk or protective characteristics to be addressed at the family or community levels.
Predictors of Postpartum Depression Among Women with Low Incomes in the United States
Authors: Lau Elizabeth , Adams Yenupini Joyce 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the predictors of postpartum depression and to examine the effects of maternal racial identity on postpartum depression among women with low incomes in the United States.

Study Design and Methods:
We conducted a secondary data analysis using baseline data from the Baby's First Years study, including postpartum women living below the federal poverty line who were recruited from four diverse communities in the United States. Postpartum depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Logistic regressions were performed to identify associations between pre-identified postpartum depression risk factors and postpartum depression among participants, followed by predictive margins analyses to elaborate on probability of postpartum depression across different racial identity groups in the sample.

Results:
The sample included 1,051 postpartum women. Almost one-half of participants identified as Black (45.9%), followed by White (20.7%), American Indian (1.8%), and Asian (1.3%). Prevalence of postpartum depression in the sample was 24%. Financial insecurity and alcohol use were positively associated with postpartum depression, whereas level of education and reported physical health were negatively associated with postpartum depression. Mothers who identified as Black had an 8.3% higher probability of postpartum depression than that of White mothers in the sample.

Clinical Implications:
Nurses working with populations with low income should assess social determinants of health to provide holistic mental health care. Women with low incomes should be referred to resources which account for their financial burden. Racial disparities exist in perinatal care, and birth and postpartum mental health outcomes. It is crucial to address the systemic racism faced by Black mothers experiencing postpartum depression.
Risk Factors for Opioid-Related Adverse Drug Events Among Older Adults After Hospitalization for Major Orthopedic Procedures
Authors: Herzig Shoshana J. , Anderson Timothy S. , Urman Richard D. , Jung Yoojin , Ngo Long H. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesOlder adults undergoing orthopedic procedures are commonly discharged from the hospital on opioids, but risk factors for postdischarge opioid-related adverse drug events (ORADEs) have not been previously examined. We aimed to identify risk factors for ORADEs after hospital discharge following orthopedic procedures.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older, who underwent major orthopedic surgery during hospitalization in 2016 and had an opioid fill within 2 days of discharge. We excluded beneficiaries with hospice claims and those admitted from or discharged to a facility. We used billing codes and medication claims to define potential ORADEs requiring a hospital revisit within 30 days of discharge.ResultsAmong 30,514 hospitalizations with a major orthopedic procedure (89.7% arthroplasty, 5.6% treatment of fracture of dislocation, 4.7% other) and an opioid claim, a potential ORADE requiring hospital revisit occurred in 750 (2.5%). Independent risk factors included age of 80 years or older (hazard ratio [HR], 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.38–1.97), female sex (HR, 1.34 [1.16–1.56]), and clinical conditions, including heart failure (HR, 1.34 [1.10–1.62]), respiratory illness (HR, 1.23 [1.03–1.46]), kidney disease (HR, 1.23 [1.04–1.47]), dementia/delirium (HR, 1.63 [1.26–2.10]), anxiety disorder (HR, 1.42 [1.18–1.71]), and musculoskeletal/nervous system injuries (HR, 1.54 [1.24–1.90]). Prior opioid use, coprescribed sedating medications, and opioid prescription characteristics were not associated with ORADEs after adjustment for patient characteristics.ConclusionsPotential ORADEs occurred in 2.5% of older adults discharged with opioids after orthopedic surgery. These risk factors can inform clinician decision making, conversations with older adults, and targeting of harm reduction strategies.
Moderating role of millennials' financial literacy on the relationship between risk tolerance and risky investment behavior: evidence from India
Authors: Mohta Anu , Shunmugasundaram V 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study aims to examine the association between risk tolerance and risky investment intention with financial literacy as a moderating variable. The proposed relationship was explored specifically for millennials.Design/methodology/approachThe questionnaire was divided into three segments to assess millennials' financial literacy, risk tolerance and risky investment intention. This study uses survey data from 402 millennial investors residing in Delhi-NCR region. The authors exploited PLS-SEM for the analysis because the model involved higher-order constructs.FindingsThe findings revealed that financial literacy has a negative impact on risky investment intention. Further, risk tolerance had a positive and significant influence on risky investment intention; however, when financial literacy was added as a moderating variable in this relationship, it had a negative impact on risky investment intention.Originality/valueEvery generation has its quirks, and millennials are no exception. Given their age and sheer number, leading to their dominance in the global workforce, millennials will bring about a generational shift. Awareness of Gen Y's financial literacy and risk behavior enhances their ability to make informed financial decisions, thus proving beneficial not only to them, but also to the whole economy. This will also help policymakers and institutions to introduce financial literacy programs and financial products in alignment with their needs and preferences.
Elections and Democracy in Turkey: Reconsidering Competitive Authoritarianism in the Age of Democratic Backsliding
Authors: Ugur‐Cinar Meral 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article reflects on the reasons why Erdoğan and the Justice and Development Party (AKP) could still win in the recent 2023 presidential and parliamentary elections in Turkey despite, among other daunting issues, the deep economic crisis and their unsuccessful handling of the February 2023 earthquake. The article discusses the role of state apparatus and the media under a neopatrimonial system, as well as the role of the EU, which turned Turkey into a rentier state with the refugee deals. The discussion considers whether Turkey could still be seen as a competitive authoritarian regime and points to the difficulties in determining whether regimes such as the Turkish one are competitive authoritarian or not until the election results are seen and the opposition candidates actually win.
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) as an emerging technology for the valorisation of natural products and agro‐food residues: a review
Authors: González‐Laredo Rubén F. , Sayago‐Monreal Víctor Iván , Moreno‐Jiménez Martha Rocío , Rocha‐Guzmán Nuria Elizabeth , Gallegos‐Infante José Alberto , Landeros‐Macías Luisa Fernanda , Rosales‐Castro Martha 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA review paper on the natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) application to the extraction of bioactives from natural products and agri‐food wastes is introduced. NaDES are eutectic mixtures of two or more natural compounds forming a liquid phase at room temperature based in hydrogen bond acceptors (quaternary amines, alcohols) and hydrogen bond donors (sugars, organic acids). NADES have unique properties such as low toxicity, biodegradability and high solubility for a wide range of compounds. They represent a sustainable alternative to traditional organic solvents in a variety of applications, particularly metabolites extraction. Therefore, the status of NaDES is displayed in terms of their inspiration in nature, their preparation and physicochemical properties, as well as the extraction conditions for biologically important phytochemicals such as alkaloids, carotenoids, and phenolics (anthocyanins, isoflavonoids, and curcuminoids). Remarks on emerging technologies as well on therapeutic, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic NaDES systems are inserted. As NaDES can be easily prepared from natural and renewable sources, they are a promising green alternative in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Role of RIG-I-Like Receptors in the Activation of Innate Immunity in Tuberculosis
Authors: Skvortsova Y. V. , Bychenko O. S. , Azhikina T. L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract—
Despite the efforts to develop the strategies of tuberculosis control, this disease still takes more than a million lives annually. The development of tuberculosis infection can be considered as an imbalance between the immune response of the host organism and the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. In order to gain a foothold successfully in an infected organism, M. tuberculosis must overcome the mechanisms of innate immunity, including those that aim at the recognition of alien nucleic acids. RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) is a system of intracellular receptors (sensors of alien RNA), which is involved in the recognition of viruses and bacterial pathogens. The RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 receptors interact directly with RNA in the cell cytoplasm and trigger a cascade of interactions, which leads to the synthesis of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. To date, it has been proven that the activation of RLR during tuberculosis infection is the most important component of innate immunity. Their obvious role in the activation of type I interferons (which, however, can be not only protective, but also negative for the immune system) was demonstrated. The review considers the latest data on the functioning of RLR in tuberculosis on the example of model organisms and humans.
APCandP53mutations synergise to create a therapeutic vulnerability to NOTUM inhibition in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Tian Yuhua , Wang Xin , Cramer Zvi , Rhoades Joshua , Estep Katrina N. , Ma Xianghui , Adams-Tzivelekidis Stephanie , Katona Bryson W. , Johnson F Brad , Yu Zhengquan , Blanco M Andres , Lengner Christopher J , Li Ning 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with the majority of cases initiated by inactivation of the APC tumour suppressor. This results in the constitutive activation of canonical WNT pathway transcriptional effector ß-catenin, along with induction of WNT feedback inhibitors, including the extracellular palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM which antagonises WNT-FZD receptor-ligand interactions. Here, we sought to evaluate the effects of NOTUM activity on CRC as a function of driver mutation landscape.DesignMouse and human colon organoids engineered with combinations of CRC driver mutations were used for Notum genetic gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies. In vitro assays, in vivo endoscope-guided orthotopic organoid implantation assays and transcriptomic profiling were employed to characterise the effects of Notum activity. Small molecule inhibitors of Notum activity were used in preclinical therapeutic proof-of-principle studies targeting oncogenic Notum activity.ResultsNOTUM retains tumour suppressive activity in APC-null adenomas despite constitutive ß-catenin activity. Strikingly, on progression to adenocarcinoma with P53 loss, NOTUM becomes an obligate oncogene. These phenotypes are Wnt-independent, resulting from differential activity of NOTUM on glypican 1 and 4 in early-stage versus late-stage disease, respectively. Ultimately, preclinical mouse models and human organoid cultures demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of NOTUM is highly effective in arresting primary adenocarcinoma growth and inhibiting metastatic colonisation of distal organs.ConclusionsOur findings that a single agent targeting the extracellular enzyme NOTUM is effective in treating highly aggressive, metastatic adenocarcinomas in preclinical mouse models and human organoids make NOTUM and its glypican targets therapeutic vulnerabilities in advanced CRC.
Opportunistic genetic screening increases the diagnostic yield and is medically valuable for care of patients and their relatives with hereditary cancer
Authors: Fernández-Castillejo Sara , Roig Bàrbara , Melé Mireia , Serrano Sara , Salvat Mònica , Querol Montserrat , Brunet Joan , Pineda Marta , Cisneros Adela , Parada David , Badia Joan , Borràs Joan , Rodríguez-Balada Marta , Gumà Josep 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundMultigene panel testing by next-generation sequencing (MGP-NGS) enables the detection of germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs/LPVs) in genes beyond those associated with a certain cancer phenotype. Opportunistic genetic screening based on MGP-NGS in patients with suspicion of hereditary cancer reveals these incidental findings (IFs).MethodsMGP-NGS was performed in patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria to undergo genetic testing according to the Catalan Health Service guidelines. Variants were classified following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines and the Cancer Variant Interpretation Group UK guidelines.ResultsIFs were identified in 10 (1.22%) of the 817 patients who underwent MGP-NGS. The mean age at cancer diagnosis was 49.4±9.5 years. Three IFs (30.0%) were detected inPMS2, two (20.0%) inATMandTP53and one (10.0%) inMSH6, NTHL1andVHL. Seven (70.0%) IFs were single-nucleotide substitutions, two (20.0%) were deletions and one (10.0%) was a duplication. Three (30.0) IFs were located in intronic regions, three (30.3%) were nonsense, two (20.0%) were frameshift and two (20.0%) were missense variations. Six (60.0%) IFs were classified as PVs and four (40.0%) as LPVs.ConclusionsOpportunistic genetic screening increased the diagnostic yield by 1.22% in our cohort. Most of the identified IFs were present in clinically actionable genes (n=7; 70.0%), providing these families with an opportunity to join cancer early detection programmes, as well as secondary cancer prevention. IFs might facilitate the diagnosis of asymptomatic individuals and the early management of cancer once it develops.
Temporal Trends and Lesion Sets for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis and Meta-Regression
Authors: Sau Arunashis , Kapadia Sharan , Al-Aidarous Sayed , Howard James , Sohaib Afzal , Sikkel Markus B. , Arnold Ahran , Waks Jonathan W. , Kramer Daniel B. , Peters Nicholas S. , Ng Fu Siong 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) has been performed for over 20 years, although success rates have remained modest. Several adjunctive lesion sets have been studied but none have become standard of practice. We sought to describe how the efficacy of ablation for PsAF has evolved in this time period with a focus on the effect of adjunctive ablation strategies.

METHODS:
Databases were searched for prospective studies of PsAF ablation. We performed meta-regression and trial sequential analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 99 studies (15 424 patients) were included. Ablation for PsAF achieved the primary outcome (freedom of atrial fibrillation/atrial tachycardia rate at 12 months follow-up) in 48.2% (5% CI, 44.0–52.3). Meta-regression showed freedom from atrial arrhythmia at 12 months has improved over time, while procedure time and fluoroscopy time have significantly reduced. Through the use of cumulative meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis, we show that some ablation strategies may initially seem promising, but after several randomized controlled trials may be found to be ineffective. Trial sequential analysis showed that complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation is ineffective and further study of this treatment would be futile, while posterior wall isolation currently does not have sufficient evidence for routine use in PsAF ablation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall success rates from PsAF ablation and procedure/fluoroscopy times have improved over time. However, no adjunctive lesion set, in addition to pulmonary vein isolation, has been conclusively demonstrated to be beneficial. Through the use of trial sequential analysis, we highlight the importance of adequately powered randomized controlled trials, to avoid reaching premature conclusions, before widespread adoption of novel therapies.
Empirically Identifying and Computationally Modeling the Brain–Behavior Relationship for Human Scene Categorization
Authors: Karapetian Agnessa , Boyanova Antoniya , Pandaram Muthukumar , Obermayer Klaus , Kietzmann Tim C. , Cichy Radoslaw M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Humans effortlessly make quick and accurate perceptual decisions about the nature of their immediate visual environment, such as the category of the scene they face. Previous research has revealed a rich set of cortical representations potentially underlying this feat. However, it remains unknown which of these representations are suitably formatted for decision-making. Here, we approached this question empirically and computationally, using neuroimaging and computational modeling. For the empirical part, we collected EEG data and RTs from human participants during a scene categorization task (natural vs. man-made). We then related EEG data to behavior to behavior using a multivariate extension of signal detection theory. We observed a correlation between neural data and behavior specifically between ∼100 msec and ∼200 msec after stimulus onset, suggesting that the neural scene representations in this time period are suitably formatted for decision-making. For the computational part, we evaluated a recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) as a model of brain and behavior. Unifying our previous observations in an image-computable model, the RCNN predicted well the neural representations, the behavioral scene categorization data, as well as the relationship between them. Our results identify and computationally characterize the neural and behavioral correlates of scene categorization in humans.
Hippocampal and parahippocampal volume and function predict antidepressant response in patients with major depression: A multimodal neuroimaging study
Authors: Paolini Marco , Harrington Yasmin , Colombo Federica , Bettonagli Valentina , Poletti Sara , Carminati Matteo , Colombo Cristina , Benedetti Francesco , Zanardi Raffaella 
Published: August 2023

Background: For many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) adequate treatment remains elusive. Neuroimaging techniques received attention for their potential use in guiding and predicting response, but were rarely investigated in real-world psychiatric settings. Aims: To identify structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) biomarkers associated with antidepressant response in a real-world clinical sample. Methods: We studied 100 MDD inpatients admitted to our psychiatric ward, treated with various antidepressants upon clinical need. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale percentage decrease from admission to discharge was used as a measure of response. All patients underwent 3.0 T MRI scanning. Grey matter (GM) volumes were investigated both in a voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and in a regions of interest (ROI) analysis. In a subsample of patients, functional resting-state connectivity patterns were also explored. Results: In the VBM analysis, worse response was associated to lower GM volumes in two clusters, encompassing the left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, and the right superior and middle temporal gyrus. Investigating ROIs, lower bilateral hippocampi and amygdalae volumes predicted worse treatment outcomes. Functional connectivity in the right temporal and parahippocampal gyrus was also associated to response. Conclusion: Our results expand existing literature on the relationship between the structure and function of several brain regions and treatment response in MDD. While we are still far from routine use of MRI biomarkers in clinical practice, we confirm a possible role of these techniques in guiding treatment choices and predicting their efficacy.