bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of light‐intensity activity in people with type 1 diabetes improves glycaemic control without increasing hypoglycaemia: The SIT‐LESS randomised controlled trial
Authors: Campbell Matthew D. , Alobaid Anwar M. , Hopkins Mark , Dempsey Paddy C. , Pearson Sam M. , Kietsiriroje Noppadol , Churm Rachel , Ajjan Ramzi A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the impact of interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of light‐intensity activity on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsIn total, 32 inactive adults with T1D [aged 27.9 ± 4.7 years, 15 men, diabetes duration 16.0 ± 6.9 years and glycated haemoglobin 8.4 ± 1.4% (68 ± 2.3 mmol/mol)] underwent two 7‐h experimental conditions in a randomised crossover fashion with >7‐day washout consisting of: uninterrupted sitting (SIT), or, interrupted sitting with 3‐min bouts of self‐paced walking at 30‐min intervals (SIT‐LESS). Standardised mixed‐macronutrient meals were administered 3.5 h apart during each condition. Blinded continuous glucose monitoring captured interstitial glucose responses during the 7‐h experimental period and for a further 48‐h under free‐living conditions.ResultsSIT‐LESS reduced total mean glucose (SIT 8.2 ± 2.6 vs. SIT‐LESS 6.9 ± 1.7 mmol/L, p = .001) and increased time in range (3.9‐10.0 mmol/L) by 13.7% (SIT 71.5 ± 9.5 vs. SIT‐LESS 85.1 ± 7.1%, p = .002). Hyperglycaemia (>10.0 mmol/L) was reduced by 15.0% under SIT‐LESS (SIT 24.2 ± 10.8 vs. SIT‐LESS 9.2 ± 6.4%, p = .002), whereas hypoglycaemia exposure (<3.9 mmol/L) (SIT 4.6 ± 3.0 vs. SIT‐LESS 6.0 ± 6.0%, p = .583) was comparable across conditions. SIT‐LESS reduced glycaemic variability (coefficient of variation %) by 7.8% across the observation window (p = .021). These findings were consistent when assessing discrete time periods, with SIT‐LESS improving experimental and free‐living postprandial, whole‐day and night‐time glycaemic outcomes (p < .05).ConclusionsInterrupting prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of light‐intensity activity improves acute postprandial and 48‐h glycaemia in adults with T1D. This pragmatic strategy is an efficacious approach to reducing sedentariness and increasing physical activity levels without increasing risk of hypoglycaemia in T1D.
Population differences in multimodal lizard communication are not well explained by habitat or history
Authors: Romero‐Diaz Cristina , Wetherell Bryce R. , Ury Danielle , Reuter Mikayla , Pruett Jake A. , Martins Emília P. , Ossip‐Drahos Alison G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnimals evolve in complex selective regimes, where a suite of different factors can shape signal use. We might predict that more closely related species will exhibit more similar behavior than those more distantly related; however, sometimes signals are shaped more profoundly by the environment or other forces. Lizards in the genus Sceloporus communicate with conspecifics with multimodal signals that combine species‐typical push‐up and headbob displays and chemical signals in the form of femoral gland secretions. Here, we examine behavioral activity and signal use across three closely related populations of the Sceloporus undulatus species complex from diverse habitats across the United States, to test the relative roles of habitat and phylogeography in shaping communicative behavior. We filmed undisturbed levels of activity for free‐ranging males of S. consobrinus, syn. S. u. erythrocheilus, in Colorado, S. undulatus hyacinthinus in Indiana and S. u. undulatus in Georgia, and scored frequency and rates of behavior important for communication. We found that populations differed in their use of communicative signals in a way that deviates from expectations based solely on phylogeographic proximity or habitat, suggesting that plasticity or adaptation to conditions that vary among populations may be especially important. Specifically, canonical discriminant analyses found the largest differences in movement patterns. Sceloporus u. hyacinthinus was the most behaviorally different out of the three: males in this population had lower movement rates and particularly low levels of chemosensory behavior while male S. consobrinus and S. u. undulatus showed similar rates of chemosensory acts and headbob/push‐up displays. Phenotypic and environmental variation among closely related populations, in combination with phylogeographic knowledge can help us untangle the processes responsible for the origin and maintenance of organismal diversity in communicative behavior.
Economic hardship trajectories of college‐educated families living in or near poverty: Assessing predictors and outcomes
Authors: Tighe Lauren A. , Davis‐Kean Pamela E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the longitudinal trajectories of economic hardship for low‐income families with a college education.BackgroundThe relation between parental education and family income to parenting behaviors and children's achievement is well documented. Less is known on how high education and low income interact within families, particularly over time.MethodThe sample consisted of 537 families who were low‐income and college‐educated when their child was in kindergarten. We used latent growth curve analyses to classify families into different trajectory classes based on economic hardship over several years. We then examined predictors and outcomes of each class.ResultsWithin this sample of low‐income, college‐educated families, there were two economic hardship trajectories: Transient (i.e., short‐term) and Chronic (i.e., long term). Parents in the transient class were more likely to work an occupation requiring a postsecondary degree and had higher educational expectations than the chronic class. We conducted additional analyses to test for generalizability and comparison to other family types.ConclusionParental education attainment may provide a protective buffer for parents and children when facing short‐ or long‐term economic hardship.ImplicationsThis study highlights the sustained importance of educational attainment and the need for policy and program solutions to address families' diverse needs.
Temperature, resources and predation interact to shape phytoplankton size–abundance relationships at a continental scale
Authors: Gjoni Vojsava , Glazier Douglas S. , Wesner Jeff S. , Ibelings Bastiaan W. , Thomas Mridul K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimCommunities contain more individuals of small species and fewer individuals of large species. According to the ‘metabolic theory of ecology’, the relationship of log mean abundance with log mean body size across communities should exhibit a slope of −3/4 that is invariant across environmental conditions. Here, we investigate whether this slope is indeed invariant or changes systematically across gradients in temperature, resource availability and predation pressure.Location1048 lakes across the USA.Time Period2012.Major Taxa StudiedPhytoplankton.ResultsWe found that the size–abundance relationship across all sampled phytoplankton communities was significantly lower than −3/4 and near −1 overall. More importantly, we found strong evidence that the environment affects the slope: it varies between −0.33 and −0.93 across interacting gradients of temperature, resource (phosphorus) supply and zooplankton predation pressure. Therefore, phytoplankton communities have orders of magnitude more small or large cells depending on environmental conditions across geographical locations.ConclusionOur results emphasise the importance of the environmental factors' effect on macroecological patterns that arise through physiological and ecological processes. An investigation of the mechanisms underlying the link between individual energetics constrain and macroecological patterns would allow to predict how global warming and changes in nutrients will alter large‐scale ecological patterns in the future.
Significance of malnutrition defined with Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection
Authors: Harimoto Norifumi , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Okuyama Takayuki , Hoshino Kouki , Hagiwara Kei , Kawai Shunsuke , Ishii Norihiro , Igarashi Takamichi , Araki Kenichiro , Shirabe Ken 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimA recent study reported the utility of the definition of malnutrition according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in many types of cancers and chronic inflammatory disease. The present retrospective study aimed to investigate the significance of malnutrition defined with GLIM criteria in patients with hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and also to compare malnutrition using handgrip strength.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from 174 patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection for HCC including both skeletal muscle area and handgrip strength. Patients were divided according to malnutrition defined by GLIM or modified GLIM and clinicopathologic and short‐ and long‐term outcomes were analyzed. The modified GLIM criteria was defined using both handgrip strength and skeletal muscle area.ResultsMalnutrition defined by GLIM criteria was diagnosed in 47 patients (26.7%) and malnutrition defined by modified GLIM criteria was diagnosed in 21 patients (11.9%). Malnutrition defined by GLIM or modified GLIM criteria was associated with poorer liver function and malignant tumor behavior, but modified GLIM criteria predicted the postoperative complication and recurrence‐free survival outcome independently. In patients with poor liver function, malnutrition defined by modified GLIM criteria predicted postoperative complication and overall and recurrence‐free survival.ConclusionsMalnutrition defined by modified GLIM criteria using both handgrip strength and skeletal muscle area can more accurately predict short‐ and long‐term outcomes compared to malnutrition defined by the GLIM criteria. Nutritional and exercise therapy could become more important in patients with malnutrition and poor liver function.
Screening of lactobacilli strains isolated from artisanal Poro de Tabasco cheese for their ability to biosynthesise conjugated linoleic acid under simulated gastrointestinal conditions
Authors: Sosa‐Castañeda Jesus , Reyes‐Díaz Ricardo , Heredia‐Castro Priscilia Y. , Benítez‐Romero Lucio , Méndez‐Romero José Isidro , Hernández‐Mendoza Adrián , González‐Córdova Aarón F. , Vallejo‐Cordoba Belinda 
Published: August 2023

SummaryConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of linoleic acid isomers which have been shown to provide beneficial health effects; particularly, the isomers cis‐9, trans‐11 (c9‐t11) and trans‐10, cis‐12 (t10‐c12) are those with proven biological activity. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have demonstrated the ability to synthesise CLA in culture media or in fermented milk, however, few studies have considered the possibility that LAB can continue to produce CLA in the human gut. Therefore, the objective of this study was to screen lactobacilli strains isolated from artisanal Poro de Tabasco cheese for their ability to biosynthesise CLA under simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGD) and to evaluate their survival and gut colonisation capacity under these conditions. First of all, LAB strains were identified molecularly and their CLA biosynthesis capacity in culture media and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions were evaluated. Besides, bacterial survival to the gastrointestinal conditions and gut colonisation capacity by their adhesion and autoaggregation properties were assessed. Sixteen LAB strains were phenotypically and genotypically identified and were classified within the Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Companilactobacillus farciminis species. Nine strains were able to synthesise CLA in culture media supplemented with linoleic acid (7.19–18.78 μg mL−1; with a conversion rate of 0.43–1.13%) and seven of them achieved it under simulated gastrointestinal conditions (4.28–47.67 μg mL−1; with a conversion rate of 0.51–5.75%), with an outstanding performance of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LC12. In addition, the viable counts demonstrated that all the study strains achieved to survive under gastric conditions with a high population survival rate of 94.5%, except for LC19 (67%); however, all the nine strains recovered their viability with a high capacity to colonise the gut. Therefore, they may be considered as potential probiotic CLA‐producing strains, mainly Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LC12 since it was able to produce the closest CLA concentration to Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55739 (positive control). Thus, these strains can be used as starter cultures for designing promising functional foods with beneficial claims associated to the CLA content in the food matrix or produced after consumed.
GC–MS‐based metabolomics elucidates the impact of cereal‐based microbial starters on the metabolite profile of mahewu prepared from yellow maize
Authors: Daji Grace Abosede , Green Ezekiel , Akanni Gabriel Bidemi , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji 
Published: August 2023

SummaryFermentation of yellow maize using different inocula yields mahewu products with varying compositions. Comprehensive analysis of the metabolites influencing distinctive characteristics of mahewu from sorghum malt (YMSM); wheat (YMW), malted millet (YMMM) and malted yellow maize (YMYM) inocula was investigated using an untargeted gas chromatography high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐HRTOF‐MS)‐based metabolomics. Metabolites in mahewu from different inocula included phenols, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), benzenes, amides, amines, cyclic compounds, fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), esters, ketones and vitamins which differentiated metabolites identified in raw yellow maize (RYM). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the mahewu and related inocula were distinguished across PC1 and PC2. The OPLS‐DA result further intensifies the significant (P ≤ 0.05) metabolite causing variations among samples. This study serves as the first report into the metabolome of yellow maize mahewu from different inocula, serving as a foundation for the quality control of mahewu products for further research.
The investigation of the functional properties of single and mixed milk/lupine protein systems
Authors: Ivanov Maksim , Munialo Claire D. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryProteins play an important role in the human diet. While animal proteins have traditionally been a dietary staple due to their techno‐functional properties, factors such as cost, availability and sustainability concerns have driven the search for alternative protein sources. In this study, the techno‐functional properties of lupine proteins were studied. Protein isolates were shown to exhibit superior properties, with α‐La outperforming WPI and LPI in foaming and gelation properties. The combination of WPI and LPI displayed greater stability to pH changes, which is an important factor for the structural integrity of food products, contributing to quality, customer acceptance and shelf‐life. The findings of this study can contribute to existing knowledge on the functional properties of proteins from plant sources such as lupine, which can therefore help to enhance its usage and alleviate the overdependence on soy as an alternative protein.
Yoghurt fortification with green papaya powder and banana resistant starch: effects on the physicochemical and bioactive properties
Authors: Sarker Ayesha , Jung Yangjin , Siddiqui Rafat 
Published: August 2023

SummaryFor enhanced nutritional and health benefits, yoghurts have been fortified with plant‐based ingredients. In this study, functional yoghurts were formulated by incorporating banana resistant starch (BRS) and green papaya powder (GPP) into partially skimmed milk (2%). These yoghurts were analysed for various parameters over a 21‐day storage period at 5 °C, including pH, titratable acidity (TA), firmness, viscosity, water activity (aw), water‐holding capacity (WHC), colour, probiotic viability, protein and dietary fibre content, antioxidant activity (AA), and total phenolic content (TPC). The results demonstrated that the optimal addition of BRS and GPP significantly enhanced the WHC, nutritional, antioxidative, and TPC properties of the yoghurts (P < 0.05). Total dietary fibre was 73% higher, and TPC and AA were increased by 320.6% and 274%, respectively, in yoghurt containing a higher proportion of GPP than the control. During the storage period, the viable total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in yoghurts were above 8 log CFU mL−1. However, the formulated yoghurts exhibited decreased firmness and viscosity, as well as a darker colour (reduced L*) compared to the control, which significantly affected consumer preference (P < 0.05). Overall, the incorporation of plant‐based ingredients like BRS and GPP can effectively enhance the nutritional and functional values of yoghurts.
Evaluation of the fate of key bioactive pigments and physical properties of steamed bread fortified with Gardenia fruit pomace
Authors: Fan Mingcong , Li Na , Li Yan , Qian Haifeng , Rao Zhiming , Wang Li 
Published: August 2023

SummaryGardenia fruit pomace (GFP) is an industrial by‐product containing abundant bioactive components. Incorporating GFP into wheat flour improves the exterior quality of food and enhances healthy functions. This study developed a suitable GFP‐fortified wheat product by applying different cooking methods (steaming, boiling and baking). The fate of bioactive crocin derivatives, physical properties and in vitro digestion of GFP‐fortified wheat products was evaluated. The results showed that the steaming, boiling and baking treatments reduced the trans‐crocin‐4 content by 14.41%, 27.54% and 35.17%, respectively, but had no significant effect on geniposide. Combined with the colour change, the steaming treatment was suitable for developing GFP‐fortified steamed bread. With increasing GFP concentration, the increasing b* value indicated that the steamed bread developed a yellow hue. Meanwhile, GFP enrichment of steamed bread could retain most crocins and slow starch digestion by decreasing rapidly digestible starch content. Furthermore, the steamed bread with 1% GFP showed good overall sensory acceptance (flavour, taste, and mouthfeel). Therefore, GFP is a promising option for improving steamed bread's appearance and nutritional quality.
Attracting solvers' participation in crowdsourcing contests: The role of linguistic signals in task descriptions
Authors: Wu Shuang , Liu Qian , Zhao Xin , Sun Baowen , Liao Xiuwu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany companies gain external expertise, lower their costs and generate publicity by using crowdsourcing platforms to complete tasks by leveraging the power of the crowd. However, the number of solvers attracted by crowdsourcing tasks varies widely. Although some well‐known crowdsourcing contests have attracted large numbers of participants, many tasks still suffer from low participation rates. Prior research aimed at solving this problem has focused on factors such as task rewards and durations while overlooking whether a well‐written description might motivate solvers to choose a task. Based on signalling theory, this study investigates the effect of task descriptions on solvers' participation by focusing on informational and affective linguistic signals. Our model is validated by analysing 13 929 descriptions posted in single‐winner tasks on epwk.com, a Chinese competitive crowdsourcing platform. For informational linguistic signals, the results reveal that there are inverted U‐shaped relationships between both concreteness and specificity and solver participation, whereas linguistic accuracy has a positive effect on solver participation. For affective linguistic signals, positive emotional words have a positive relationship with solver participation, whereas negative emotional words have the opposite effect. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
AR/PCC herb pair inhibits osteoblast pyroptosis to alleviate diabetes‐related osteoporosis by activating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
Authors: Fu Fangda , Luo Huan , Du Yu , Chen Yuying , Tian Kun , Pan Jin , Li Jian , Wang Nani , Bao Ronghua , Jin Hongting , Tong Peijian , Ruan Hongfeng , Wu Chengliang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOsteoporosis is a prevalent complication of diabetes, characterized by systemic metabolic impairment of bone mass and microarchitecture, particularly in the spine. Anemarrhenae Rhizoma/Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (AR/PCC) herb pair has been extensively employed in Traditional Chinese Medicine to manage diabetes; however, its potential to ameliorate diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) has remained obscure. Herein, we explored the protective efficacy of AR/PCC herb pair against DOP using a streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced rat diabetic model. Our data showed that AR/PCC could effectively reduce the elevated fasting blood glucose and reverse the osteoporotic phenotype of diabetic rats, resulting in significant improvements in vertebral trabecular area percentage, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, while reducing trabecular separation. Specifically, AR/PCC herb pair improved impaired osteogenesis, nerve ingrowth and angiogenesis. More importantly, it could mitigate the aberrant activation of osteoblast pyroptosis in the vertebral bodies of diabetic rats by reducing increased expressions of Nlrp3, Asc, Caspase1, Gsdmd and IL‐1β. Mechanistically, AR/PCC activated antioxidant pathway through the upregulation of the antioxidant response protein Nrf2, while concurrently decreasing its negative feedback regulator Keap1. Collectively, our in vivo findings demonstrate that AR/PCC can inhibit osteoblast pyroptosis and alleviate STZ‐induced rat DOP, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating DOP.
Genome‐based epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Spain: A prospective multicentre study
Authors: Salmerón P. , Buckley C. , Arando M. , Alcoceba E. , Romero B. , Clavo P. , Whiley D. , Serra‐Pladevall J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhole‐genome sequencing (WGS) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates combined with epidemiological and phenotypic data provides better understanding of population dynamics.AimThe objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from three centres in Spain and determine associations of antimicrobial resistance.MethodsGenetic characterization was performed in 170 N. gonorrhoeae isolates. WGS was carried out with the HiSeq platform (Illumina). Genome assemblies were submitted to the PubMLST Neisseria database website to determine NG‐MAST, MLST and NG‐STAR. Antimicrobial resistance genes and point mutations were identified with PubMLST. Phylogenomic comparison was based on whole‐genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis.ResultsTwenty‐six MLST, 49 NG‐MAST and 41 NG‐STAR sequence types were detected, the most prevalent being MLST‐ST9363 (27.1%), NG‐MAST ST569 (12.4%) and NG‐STAR ST193 (14.7%). Phylogenetic analysis identified 13 clusters comprising 69% of the isolates, with two of note: one involved cefixime‐resistant isolates from Barcelona presenting a mosaic penA X and belonging to MLST‐ST7363 and the other involved azithromycin‐resistant isolates from Mallorca that possessed the C2611T mutation in the four 23S rRNA alleles belonging to MLST‐ST1901.ConclusionThe population of N. gonorrhoeae is quite heterogeneous in Spain. Our results agree with previous data published in Europe, albeit with some differences in distribution between regions. This study describes the circulation of two gonococcal populations with a specific resistance profile and sequence type in a specific geographic area. WGS is an effective tool for epidemiological surveillance of gonococcal infection and detection of resistance genes.