bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mystery of choice of equity incentive model: based on the game theory analysis between shareholders and top executives
Authors: Chen Wenzhe , Shi Ning , Liang Qi , Hao Xiangchao 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Based on the background of the restricted stock has gradually replaced stock option and has become the mainstream equity incentive model in China, this paper aims to investigate the which factors affect the choice of equity incentive model, and the impacts of equity incentive model.

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical analysis is based on the game theory between shareholders and top executives. The empirical analysis is based on the detailed data of equity incentives in China’s listed companies from 2006 to 2017; the logit method and least square method are implemented to estimate the regression coefficients and Black–Scholes options pricing model to estimate the value of restricted stock/option granted to the CEO.

Findings
This paper documents that enterprises with serious agency problems, high investment risks, high stock price synchronicity and great executive power are significantly and positively related to restricted stock. The main empirical findings still hold after several robust tests. In addition, restricted stock can significantly improve corporate performance when the performance evaluation index is strict and the validity period is long, while for the sample group with loose performance index and short validity period, restricted stock significantly reduces corporate performance.

Originality/value
This paper analyzes the “black box” of equity incentive model selection from the stakeholders’ game perspective by constructing a game theory model to investigate the reasons for the choice of equity incentive model in various situations, which enriches the research in this field. Moreover, this paper finds that restricted stock has both incentive and welfare characteristics, and the rationality of performance appraisal goals is the key factor leading to the difference in incentive effects. Overall, the research indicates that only well-designed equity incentive plans can improve corporate performance, which contributes to regulators and practitioners to form a rational understanding of restricted stock model and provides a reference for their decision-making.
Relatively large wings facilitate life at higher elevations among Nearctic dragonflies
Authors: Moore Michael P. , Khan Faiza 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Determining which traits allow species to live at higher elevations is essential to understanding the forces that shape montane biodiversity.

For the many animals that rely on flight for locomotion, a long‐standing hypothesis is that species with relatively large wings should better persist in high‐elevation environments because wings that are large relative to the body generate more lift and decrease the aerobic costs of remaining aloft. Although these biomechanical and physiological predictions have received some support in birds, other flying taxa often possess smaller wings at high elevations or no wings at all.

To test if predictions about the requirements for relative wing size at high elevations are generalizable beyond birds, we conducted macroecological analyses on the altitudinal characteristics of 302 Nearctic dragonfly species.

Consistent with the biomechanical and aerobic hypotheses, species with relatively larger wings live at higher elevations and have wider elevation breadths—even after controlling for a species' body size, mean thermal conditions, and range size. Moreover, a species' relative wing size had nearly as large of an impact on its maximum elevation as being adapted to the cold.

Relatively large wings may be essential to high‐elevation life in species that completely depend on flight for locomotion, like dragonflies or birds. With climate change forcing taxa to disperse upslope, our findings further suggest that relatively large wings could be a requirement for completely volant taxa to persist in montane habitats.
Evaluation and classification of fentanyl‐related compounds using EC‐SERS and machine learning
Authors: Cooman Travon , Ott Colby E. , Arroyo Luis E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiple analytical techniques for the screening of fentanyl‐related compounds exist. High discriminatory methods such as GC–MS and LC–MS are expensive, time‐consuming, and less amenable to onsite analysis. Raman spectroscopy provides a rapid, inexpensive alternative. Raman variants such as electrochemical surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (EC‐SERS) can provide signal enhancements with 1010 magnitudes, allowing for the detection of low‐concentration analytes, otherwise undetected using conventional Raman. Library search algorithms embedded in instruments utilizing SERS may suffer from accuracy when multicomponent mixtures involving fentanyl derivatives are analyzed. The complexing of machine learning techniques to Raman spectra demonstrates an improvement in the discrimination of drugs even when present in multicomponent mixtures of various ratios. Additionally, these algorithms are capable of identifying spectral features difficult to detect by manual comparisons. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate fentanyl‐related compounds and other drugs of abuse using EC‐SERS and to process the acquired data using machine learning—convolutional neural networks (CNN). The CNN was created using Keras v 2.4.0 with Tensorflow v 2.9.1 backend. In‐house binary mixtures and authentic adjudicated case samples were used to evaluate the created machine‐learning models. The overall accuracy of the model was 98.4 ± 0.1% after 10‐fold cross‐validation. The correct identification for the in‐house binary mixtures was 92%, while the authentic case samples were 85%. The high accuracies achieved in this study demonstrate the advantage of using machine learning to process spectral data when screening seized drug materials comprised of multiple components.
Living with anthropogenic climate change: Learning from environmental history to question narratives of doom, hope, and crisis
Authors: McManus Phil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe are living with anthropogenic climate change and must address the causes and reduce the negative impacts on our planet, humans, and other species. This commentary offers a brief review of environmental history from deep time to recent waves of environmentalism demonstrating that climate change has occurred before; that people have faced perceived end times; and that predictions of doom have helped us to act to avoid that potential scenario. These are important lessons for how we may live today and into the future, given the shift from climate change denial to narratives of impending doom because we have already failed to act. The commentary presents a matrix of positions adopted in relation to climate change and environmentalism more generally, highlighting narratives of hope, doom, and urgency. While not exhaustive, these summarised positions alert us to possibilities and are intended to generate wider discussion about how we may live with anthropogenic climate change. We have to learn to live with anthropogenic climate change while addressing the causes and reducing the negative impacts on our planet, humans and on other species.
A retrospective descriptive study of NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses used by midwives working in obstetrics and gynecologic service: An example from south‐eastern Turkey
Authors: Yeşil Yeşim , Baran Leyla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to identify NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses that midwives working in obstetrics and gynecologic service use while managing the electronic nursing care process.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in a descriptive way to evaluate electronic care plan records of 3025 patients staying in obstetrics and gynecologic service between April 1, 2020. and April 1, 2021. Diagnoses in the records of the electronic care process were digitalized by two faculty members. Then, NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses used by midwives were identified. NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses used by midwives were identified.FindingsIt was determined that diagnoses in care plans documented from the system within the 1‐year period fell into eight domains and 10 classes, and 5819 diagnoses were given in total. The most frequent diagnoses given in obstetrics and gynecologic service were “acute pain” and “risk for bleeding.”ConclusionFindings of this study revealed that nursing care records in obstetrics and gynecologic service did not have a large number of diagnoses and interventions.Implications for nursing practiceCare plans directly reflect the contribution of the care to the patient. Consequently, midwives being aware of and recording nursing diagnoses while giving care will ensure a standardized language and visibility in care. More coverage of midwifery‐related diagnoses in the midwifery curriculum will make NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses more visible in midwifery as well.
SPAG6 c.900 T>C affects boar semen quality and blood–testis barrier function by creating a new splice acceptor site
Authors: Bai Rong , Chen Dake , Xiong Hao , Song Huibin , Wang Tiansu , Yang Xinpeng , Tang Jinhua , Feng Yue , Li Jialian , Li Fenge 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) acts as a scaffolding protein in the center of the flagellar axoneme and has an impact on the maturation of the motility of mammalian sperm flagella and the maintenance of sperm structure. In our previous research, SPAG6 c.900 T>C in exon 7 and exon 7 skipped transcript was identified by analyzing RNA‐seq data of testicular tissues from 60 day (sexually immature) and 180 day (sexually mature) Large White boars. Herein, we found porcine SPAG6 c.900 T>C to be associated with semen quality traits in Duroc, Large White and Landrace pigs. SPAG6 c.900 C can generate a new splice acceptor site, inhibit the occurrence of SPAG6 exon 7 skipping to a certain extent, thereby promote the growth of Sertoli cells and maintain the normal blood–testis barrier function. This study provides new insights into the molecular regulation of spermatogenesis and a new genetic marker for the improvement of semen quality in pigs.
Lariciresinol protects rats from complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis in rats via modulation of transforming growth factor‐β and nuclear factor kappa B pathway: An in vivo and in silico study
Authors: Zhao Xiangzhuo , Wang Ying , Wang Ronghua , Shen Jingfang , Wang Jingxu , Li Lianju 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severe inflammatory auto‐immune disorder affecting millions of people across the globe. The current therapeutic options are not adequate to address the complications of RA. Therefore, the present study was conducted to elucidate the protective effect of lariciresinol, a lignan, against Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced arthritis in rats. The results of the study showed that lariciresinol improves paw swelling and arthritic scores in rats as compared to CFA rats. Lariciresinol also showed a significant reduction in rheumatoid factor, C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐17, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐3 level with a simultaneous increase in IL‐4 level. The burden of oxidative stress was also reduced in CFA rats, as shown by reduced MDA levels and increased SOD and GPx after the administration of lariciresinol. In a Western blot analysis, lariciresinol showed a significant reduction of transforming growth factor‐β and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) protein levels in CFA rats. To understand the binding characteristic of lariciresinol with NF‐κB, molecular docking analysis was conducted, which showed Larciresinol interacted with the active site of NF‐κB. Our study demonstrated the significant protective effect of lariciresinol against RA via multi‐target action.
A novel homozygous variant in ZFP36L2 cause female infertility due to oocyte maturation defect
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Fan Huizhen , Shi Rong , Zeng Yang , Liu Ruyi , Gu Hao , Li Qiaoli , Sang Qing , Wang Lei , Shi Juanzi , Chen Biaobang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNormal oocyte maturation is an important requirement for the success of human reproduction, and defects in this process will lead to female infertility and repeated IVF/ICSI failures. In order to identify genetic factors that are responsible for oocyte maturation defect, we used whole exome sequencing in the affected individual with oocyte maturation defect from a consanguineous family and identified a homozygous variant c.853_861del (p.285_287del) in ZFP36L2. ZFP36L2 is a RNA‐binding protein, which regulates maternal mRNA decay and oocyte maturation. In vitro studies showed that the variant caused decreased protein levels of ZFP36L2 in oocytes due to mRNA instability and might lead to the loss of its function to degrade maternal mRNAs. Previous study showed that the pathogenic variants in ZFP36L2 were associated with early embryonic arrest. In contrast, we identified a novel ZFP36L2 variant in the affected individual with oocyte maturation defect, which further broadened the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of ZFP36L2, suggesting that ZFP36L2 might be a genetic diagnostic marker for the affected individuals with oocyte maturation defect.
Visually Abstracting Event Sequences as Double Trees Enriched with Category‐Based Comparison
Authors: Krause Cedric , Agarwal Shivam , Burch Michael , Beck Fabian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEvent sequence visualization aids analysts in many domains to better understand and infer new insights from event data. Analysing behaviour before or after a certain event of interest is a common task in many scenarios. In this paper, we introduce, formally define, and position double trees as a domain‐agnostic tree visualization approach for this task. The visualization shows the sequences that led to the event of interest as a tree on the left, and those that followed on the right. Moreover, our approach enables users to create selections based on event attributes to interactively compare the events and sequences along colour‐coded categories. We integrate the double tree and category‐based comparison into a user interface for event sequence analysis. In three application examples, we show a diverse set of scenarios, covering short and long time spans, non‐spatial and spatial events, human and artificial actors, to demonstrate the general applicability of the approach.
Investigation of genetic sex‐specific molecular profile in well‐differentiated thyroid cancer: Is there a difference between females and males?
Authors: Morand Grégoire B. , Tessler Idit , Krasner Josh , Pusztaszeri Marc. P. , Yamin Tzahi , Gecel Nir A. , Avior Galit , Payne Richard J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough more common in females, thyroid cancer is deemed to be more aggressive in males. The reasons for sex disparities in thyroid cancer are not well understood. We hypothesised that differences in molecular mutations between females and males contribute to this phenomenon.MethodsRetrospective multicentre multinational study of thyroid nodules that underwent preoperative molecular profiling between 2015 and 2022. The clinical characteristics and mutational profiles of tumours in female and male patients were compared. Collected data included demographics, cytology results, surgical pathology, and molecular alterations.ResultsA total of 738 patients were included of which 571 (77.4%) were females. The extrathyroidal extension was more common in malignancies in males (chi‐squared, p = 0.028). The rate of point mutations and gene fusions were similar in both sex groups (p > 0.05 for all mutations). Patients with nodules with BRAFV600E mutations were significantly younger than BRAF wild‐type nodule patients (t‐test, p = 0.0001). Conversely, patients with TERT promoter mutations were significantly older than patients with wild‐type TERT (t‐test, p < 0.0001). For patients harbouring both BRAFV600E and TERT mutations, the difference in age at presentation was significantly different in females (t‐test, p = 0.009) but not in males (t‐test, p = 0.433). Among females, patients with BRAFV600E and TERT mutations were significantly older than their wild‐type or single‐mutation counterpart (t‐test, p = 0.003).ConclusionThe absolute rate of molecular mutations was similar in females and males. We found that extrathyroidal extension was more common in males. Moreover, BRAFV600E and TERT mutations occur at a younger age in males than in females. These two findings are factors that may explain the tendency of more aggressive disease in males.
A prospective evaluation of neck and shoulder function following treatments of early‐stage human papillomavirus‐associated oropharynx cancer
Authors: Gulati Arushi , Plonowska‐Hirschfeld Karolina , Stephens Erika M. , Kansara Sagar , Zebolsky Aaron L. , Ochoa Edgar , Xu Mary J. , Ha Patrick K. , Heaton Chase M. , Yom Sue S. , Chan Jason W. , Algazi Alain P. , Kang Hyunseok , Ryan William R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo compare post‐treatment neck and shoulder function between human papillomavirus‐associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC) treatments.DesignProspective, repeated‐measures study.SettingTertiary care center.ParticipantsTreatment‐naïve patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition stage T0‐3/N0‐2 HPV+OPSCC.Main Outcome MeasuresPatients completed the Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII) pre‐treatment and 3‐months and 1‐year post‐treatment. The NDII assesses 10 neck and shoulder functions scored 0–5 (total score 0–100), with higher scores suggesting better function.ResultsA total of 106 patients underwent: surgery alone (SA, n = 46, 43%), surgery with adjuvant radiation ± chemotherapy (S + a[C]XRT, n = 18, 17%), or definitive radiation ± chemotherapy (d[C]XRT, n = 42, 40%). cTN classification and pre‐treatment NDII scores did not differ between groups. SA patients reported worsened 3‐month post‐treatment versus pre‐treatment self‐care (4.6 vs. 5.0), lifting light (4.6 vs. 5.0) and heavy (4.2 vs. 4.8) objects, overhead reach (4.5 vs. 4.9), activity (4.5 vs. 4.9), socialization (4.7 vs. 4.9), recreation (4.6 vs. 4.9), and overall score (86.8 vs. 95.3) (all p < 0.05). One‐year post‐treatment scores (n = 34) were no different than pre‐treatment in all domains. S + a[C]XRT patients reported worsened 3‐month versus pre‐treatment stiffness (4.0 vs. 4.8), lifting heavy objects (3.8 vs. 4.9), overhead reach (4.2 vs. 4.9), socialization (4.6 vs. 5.0), recreation (4.4 vs. 4.9) and overall score (82.4 vs. 96.0) (all p < 0.05). One‐year post‐treatment scores (n = 13) were no different than pre‐treatment in all domains. d[C]XRT patients reported worsened 3‐month versus pre‐treatment difficulty lifting heavy objects (4.3 vs. 4.7) and recreation (4.3 vs. 4.7). One‐year posttreatment scores (n = 21) were no different than pre‐treatment in all domains.ConclusionHPV + OPSCC patients may experience mild shoulder/neck dysfunction 3 months after treatment that usually resolves by 1 year, independent of treatment modality.
Population pharmacokinetics, enzyme occupancy, and 24S‐hydroxycholesterol modeling of soticlestat, a novel cholesterol 24‐hydroxylase inhibitor, in healthy adults
Authors: Yin Wei , Facius Axel , Wagner Thomas , Tsai Max , Asgharnejad Mahnaz , Lahu Gëzim , Vakilynejad Majid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoticlestat is a first‐in‐class, selective inhibitor of cholesterol 24‐hydroxylase (CH24H), which catabolizes cholesterol to 24S‐hydroxycholesterol (24HC) in the brain, in phase III development for Dravet syndrome and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome treatment. This study aimed to develop a model of soticlestat pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) using 24HC plasma concentrations and CH24H enzyme occupancy (EO) time profiles. Subsequently, model‐based simulations were conducted to identify dosing strategies for phase II trials in children and adults with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). Four phase I trials of healthy adults involving oral administration of soticlestat 15–1350 mg were used to develop the mixed‐effect population PK/EO/PD model. The population PK analysis utilized 1727 observations (104 individuals), PK/EO analysis utilized 20 observations (11 individuals), and PK/PD analysis utilized 2270 observations (99 individuals). Optimal dosing strategies were identified from model‐based PK, EO, and PD simulations. The PK/EO/PD model described the observed data well and comprised a two‐compartment model with dose as a covariate on peripheral volume, linear elimination, and intercompartmental clearance. Transit and effect‐site compartments were included to accommodate different dosage forms and the delay between plasma drug concentrations and EO. Model‐based simulations indicated that soticlestat 100–300 mg twice daily may be an optimal adult dosing regimen with weight‐adjusted pediatric dosing strategies identified for evaluation in phase II trials. The population PK/EO/PD model provided understanding of the soticlestat PK/PD relationship with partial delineation of sources of variability, and identified dosing strategies for phase II trials of children and adults with DEEs.
Negotiating the challenges of an interracial marriage: An interpretive phenomenological analysis of the perception of diaspora Indian partners
Authors: Daniel Shaji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis interpretive phenomenological analysis study aimed to explore the marriage experience of diaspora Indians who chose to marry a non‐Indian partner and to fill in the literature gap to inform the counseling practices.BackgroundDiaspora Indians have the lowest level of interracial marriage of any immigrant group living in the United States at about 20%. The resistance to marrying someone of another culture and insufficient empirical research in the field makes it difficult for counselors to adjust counseling services when dealing with diaspora Indian interracial couples.MethodUsing interpretivism and phenomenology as the philosophical ground for the research, the researcher explored the subjective experiences of interracial marriage among diaspora Indians through in‐depth interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed using coding and thematic analysis.ResultsThe results illustrate those cultural issues, based on the differences between the collectivist nature of the Indian American community and the individualist American culture, caused considerable stress on interracial marriage and were the major driver of therapeutic intervention for the interracial couple.ConclusionThe study identified various coping mechanisms that could potentially reduce marital stress among diaspora Indians engaged in interracial marriage. Findings indicate that the cultural perspective should be at the core of counseling services rendered to interracial couples.ImplicationsMulticultural competence and cultural humility are essential for helping practitioners to understand nuances related to interracial marriage, especially those joining the collectivist diaspora Indian culture with that of more individualistic races and ethnicities in the United States. Future studies in the field may use longitudinal research for observing the evolution of interracial couples while managing their cultural differences and other marital issues.