bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metadata Extraction from User Queries for Self-Service Data Lake Exploration
Authors: Gunklach Jonas , Michalczyk Sven , Nadj Mario , Maedche Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractData catalogs represent a promising solution for semantically classifying and organizing data sources and enriching raw data with metadata. However, recent research has shown that data catalogs are difficult to implement due to the complexity of the data landscape or issues with data governance. Moreover, data catalogs struggle to enable business analysts to find the data they need for their use cases. Against this backdrop, we develop a self-service system that automatically extracts metadata from a data lake and enables business analysts to explore the metadata through an easy-to-use interface. Specifically, instead of implementing the data catalog top-down, our system derives metadata from user queries bottom-up. Hereby, we conduct 15 interviews with business analysts to derive the underlying requirements of the system and evaluate its features with a focus group. Our findings illustrate that participants especially value the possibility to reuse queries from other users and appreciated the support in query validation as data preparation is a complex and time-consuming endeavour.
A review of sewage sludge dewatering and stabilisation in reed bed system: towards the process-based modelling
Authors: Tan Y. Y. , Huong Y. Z. , Tang F. E. , Saptoro A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe sludge treatment reed bed is a sustainable sewage sludge management technology that offers promising sludge dewatering and stabilisation, due to its low energy and labour requirements, and minimal operating and maintenance costs. Despite numerous existing studies and increasing applications of sludge treatment reed bed in both developed and developing countries, the lack of standard system configurations and operating regimes led to several operational problems, including bed clogging and poor dewatering and mineralisation efficiency. Sludge dewatering and stabilisation in STBRs are complex processes governed by system- and operation-related factors such as the substrate media, macrophytes, loading regime, sludge characteristics, and climate conditions. Rather than the complex experimental study, process-based modelling has become a promising approach to investigating the influence of specific factors on the efficiency of sludge dewatering and stabilisation. This paper presents an overview of the critical system and operating parameters in sludge treatment reed beds and a summary of the interactions between the factors. Then, a framework of process-based modelling is proposed, which provides a useful platform to study the interactions of operating parameters and other factors in the complex processes of sludge dewatering and stabilisation, which supports the system design and optimisation of sludge treatment reed beds.
School quality and COVID-19-related compensatory measures
Authors: Helm Christoph , Huber Stephan Gerhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn response to the proven negative effects of COVID-19-related school closures on students’ learning, Germany launched a 2-billion-euro catch up program that provides financial resources for a variety of compensatory measures. However, many schools had already reacted to the pandemic beforehand and implemented appropriate measures. Against the background of the many funded initiatives as well as the individual initiatives that have been implemented in German schools, this paper examines what determines whether schools offer compensatory measures. Exploiting data from a teacher survey (N = 1648 teachers in 104 schools) in Germany, we tested the predictive power of various school aspects for the degree of compensatory measures realized at the school site to help students make up for possible learning losses due to COVID-19-related distance learning. Our findings from latent regression analyses and relative weight analyses, both at teacher and at school level, confirm the significant role of the existing culture of inclusion at a school for predicting a school’s degree of compensatory measures offered. At the same time a range of other investigated school aspects only indirectly predicted compensatory measures, particularly via the culture of inclusion at school. We discuss the findings against the background of the theoretical foundation and the methodological limitations of the present study.
Contingent Electric Skin Shock: An Empirical or Ideological Issue?
Authors: Blenkush Nathan , O’Neill Dawn A. , O’Neill John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntractable self-injury, aggressive, and other destructive behaviors are real human conditions. Contingent electric skin shock (CESS) is a technology, based on behavior-analytic principles, used to ameliorate such behaviors. However, CESS has always been extraordinarily controversial. The Association for Behavior Analysis (ABAI), commissioned an independent Task Force to examine the issue. After a comprehensive review, the Task Force suggested the treatment should be available for use in select cases through a largely accurate report. Yet, ABAI adopted a position indicating CESS is never appropriate. On the issue of CESS, we are extremely concerned behavior analysis departed from the fundamental epistemology of positivism and is misleading nascent behavior analysts and consumers of behavioral technology. Destructive behaviors are extremely difficult to treat. In our commentary, we outline clarifications regarding aspects of the Task Force Report, proliferation of falsehoods by leaders in our field, and limitations to the standard of care in behavior analysis. We recommend using science to answer important questions instead of propagating false information at the expense of current and future clients with treatment refractory behaviors.
Diagnostic policies on nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis of possible genetic origin by Italian nephrologists: a survey by the Italian Society of Nephrology with an emphasis on primary hyperoxaluria
Authors: Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Caletti Chiara , Capolongo Giovanna , Lombardi Marco , Scolari Francesco , Vezzoli Giuseppe , Vitale Corrado , Gambaro Giovanni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Primary hyperoxaluria is a genetic disorder of the metabolism of glyoxylate, the precursor of oxalate. It is characterized by high endogenous production and excessive urinary excretion of oxalate, resulting in the development of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and, in severe cases, end-stage kidney disease and systemic oxalosis. Three different forms of primary hyperoxaluria are currently known, each characterized by a specific enzymatic defect: type 1 (PH1), type 2 (PH2), and type 3 (PH3). According to currently available epidemiological data, PH1 is by far the most common form (about 80% of cases), and is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase.

Methods
A survey on rare forms of nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis with a focus on primary hyperoxaluria in the setting of Italian Nephrology and Dialysis Centers, using an online questionnaire, was recently conducted by the Project Group “Rare Forms of Nephrolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis” of the Italian Society of Nephrology, with the aim of assessing the impact and management of this disorder in clinical practice in Italy.

Results
Forty-five public and private Italian Centers participated in the survey, and responses to the questionnaire were provided by 54 medical professionals. The survey results indicate that 21 out of the 45 participating Centers are managing or have managed primary hyperoxaluria patients, most of whom are on dialysis, or are recipients of kidney transplants.

Conclusions
The data of this survey indicate the need to implement genetic testing in suspected cases of primary hyperoxaluria, not only in the setting of dialysis or transplantation, but also with the aim of encouraging early diagnosis of PH1, which is the only type of primary hyperoxaluria for which specific drug therapy is currently available.

Graphical abstract
Exploring the relationship between social connectedness and mental wellbeing: the mediating role of psychological resilience among adults in Azerbaijan
Authors: Rustamov Elnur , Musayeva Tunzala , Xalilova Xalida , Ismayilova Gultekin , Nahmatova Ulviyya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSocial connectedness can have a significant impact on improving individuals' mental well-being by serving as a pathway through which psychological resilience is enhanced. The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating influence of psychological resilience on the association between social connectedness and mental wellbeing among adults in Azerbaijan. A total of 519 adults, ranging from 18 to 66 years old and representing various regions in Azerbaijan, participated in the research. They completed measures including the Social Connectedness Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings from the SEM demonstrated that psychological resilience played a significant mediating role in the relationship between social connectedness and mental wellbeing among Azerbaijani adults. Specifically, when accounting for age and gender, it was observed that psychological resilience partially mediated the link between social connectedness and mental wellbeing. Thus, social connectedness emerges as a crucial factor in promoting individuals' mental well-being by fostering psychological resilience.
Identifying areas of animal welfare concern in different production stages in Danish pig herds using the Danish Animal Welfare Index (DAWIN)
Authors: Michelsen Anne Marie , Hakansson Franziska , Pedersen Lund Vibe , Kirchner Marlene Katharina , Otten Nina Dam , Denwood Matthew , Rousing Tine , Houe Hans , Forkman Björn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Animal welfare is of increasing public interest, and the pig industry in particular is subject to much attention. The aim of this study was to identify and compare areas of animal welfare concern for commercial pigs in four different production stages: (1) gestating sows and gilts; (2) lactating sows; (3) piglets; and (4) weaner-to-finisher pigs. One welfare assessment protocol was developed for each stage, comprising of between 20 and 29 animal welfare measures including resource-, management- and animal-based ones. Twenty-one Danish farms were visited once between January 2015 and February 2016 in a cross-sectional design. Experts (n = 26; advisors, scientists and animal welfare controllers) assessed the severity of the outcome measures. This was combined with the on-farm prevalence of each measure and the outcome was used to calculate areas of concern, defined as measures where the median of all farms fell below the value defined as ‘acceptable welfare.’ Between five and seven areas of concern were identified for each production stage. With the exception of carpal lesions in piglets, all areas of concern were resource- and management-based and mainly related to housing, with inadequate available space and the floor type in the resting area being overall concerns across all production stages. This means that animal-based measures were largely unaffected by perceived deficits in resource-based measures. Great variation existed for the majority of measures identified as areas of concern, demonstrating that achieving a high welfare score is possible in the Danish system.
“Invisible sisters, invincible brothers:” tracing masculine domination within the Turkish left
Authors: Türk H. Bahadır 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA Bourdieusian analysis of gender relations within political organizations is highly instructive. This kind of analysis might provide insight into the intertwinement of gender and politics by illuminating the construction process of gendered political identities. Drawing upon memoirs written by the members of the left-wing organizations in Turkey and interviews conducted with them, this article argues that the narratives of members of the Turkish left reflect the multidimensional nature of what Pierre Bourdieu called masculine domination.
Democratic commitment in the Middle East: a conjoint analysis
Authors: Ridge Hannah M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolls from the Middle East/North Africa show high support for democracy. However, the veracity of this support has been called into question. This study uses a conjoint analysis to show that citizens support democratic institutions, as well as favoring an effective welfare state and a state religion. The results demonstrate that support for elected governance is not contingent on the state's providing economic benefits; citizens are more likely to favor participatory government at each level of economic outcome. Interest in incorporating religion in the state, however, is contingent on the political and economic profile described; the contingent effects suggest interest in Islamic governance is, at least partly, instrumental. Although pro-democracy public opinion alone does not secure democratization, it creates fertile ground for future democratization movements.
Dead rats, dopamine, performance metrics, and peacock tails: Proxy failure is an inherent risk in goal-oriented systems
Authors: John Yohan J. , Caldwell Leigh , McCoy Dakota E. , Braganza Oliver 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure. For example, when standardized test scores in education become targets, teachers may start “teaching to the test,” leading to breakdown of the relationship between the measure – test performance – and the underlying goal – quality education. Similar phenomena have been named and described across a broad range of contexts, such as economics, academia, machine learning, and ecology. Yet it remains unclear whether these phenomena bear only superficial similarities, or if they derive from some fundamental unifying mechanism. Here, we propose such a unifying mechanism, which we label proxy failure. We first review illustrative examples and their labels, such as the “cobra effect,” “Goodhart's law,” and “Campbell's law.” Second, we identify central prerequisites and constraints of proxy failure, noting that it is often only a partial failure or divergence. We argue that whenever incentivization or selection is based on an imperfect proxy measure of the underlying goal, a pressure arises that tends to make the proxy a worse approximation of the goal. Third, we develop this perspective for three concrete contexts, namely neuroscience, economics, and ecology, highlighting similarities and differences. Fourth, we outline consequences of proxy failure, suggesting it is key to understanding the structure and evolution of goal-oriented systems. Our account draws on a broad range of disciplines, but we can only scratch the surface within each. We thus hope the present account elicits a collaborative enterprise, entailing both critical discussion as well as extensions in contexts we have missed.
Heterogeneity in Spatiotemporal Variability of High Mountain Asia's Runoff and Its Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Zhu Yanxin , Sang Yan‐Fang , Wang Bin , Lutz Arthur , Hu Shi , Chen Deliang , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh Mountain Asia (HMA) is the headwater area for major Asian rivers, providing a vast amount of freshwater to billions of people in Asia. These rivers also make their surrounding areas highly vulnerable to destructive water‐related disasters. However, the complex spatiotemporal variability of runoff over HMA and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study investigates into the spatial heterogeneity of HMA's runoff variability at three timescales (interannual, interdecadal, and multidecadal) and the roles played by climate conditions and catchment properties. We find significant interannual and multidecadal variability of runoff in west and central HMA, and significant interdecadal variability in central and east HMA. At interannual and multidecadal timescales, the runoff variability tends to be more significant in dryer basins. The variability of runoff at the three timescales is largely controlled by climate variations, especially precipitation. The catchment properties, including groundwater storage and glacier‐snow meltwater, also play important roles in regulating the effect of precipitation. In particular, the high contributions of glacier‐snow meltwater in east HMA can weaken the response of runoff variability to precipitation at interannual and multidecadal timescales. The space‐time patterns of runoff variability over HMA are driven by atmospheric drivers including El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation across timescales. The results of this study provide a better understanding of HMA's runoff variability and its physical mechanisms, which have critical implications for sustainable freshwater management and effective risk mitigation in this densely populated and ecologically vulnerable region.
Inverse Modeling for Subsurface Flow Based on Deep Learning Surrogates and Active Learning Strategies
Authors: Wang Nanzhe , Chang Haibin , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInverse modeling is usually necessary for prediction of subsurface flows, which is beneficial to characterize underground geologic properties and reduce prediction uncertainty. Considering the intensive computational effort required for repeated simulation runs when solving inverse problems, surrogate models can be built to substitute for the simulator and improve inversion efficiency. Deep learning models have been widely used for surrogate modeling of subsurface flow. However, a large amount of training data is usually needed to train the models, especially for constructing globally accurate surrogate models, which would bring large computational burden. In fact, the local accuracy of surrogate models in regions around the true solution of the inverse problem and the potential searching path of the solution is more important for the inversion processes. The local accuracy of surrogate models can be enhanced with active learning. In this work, active learning strategies based on likelihood or posterior information are proposed for inverse modeling, including both offline and online learning strategies. In the offline strategy, a pre‐trained model is utilized to select samples with higher likelihood, which can produce model responses closer to the observations, and then the selected samples can be used to retrain the surrogate. The retrained surrogate is further integrated with the iterative ensemble smoother (IES) algorithm for inversion. In the online strategy, the pre‐trained model is adaptively updated and refined with the selected posterior samples in each iteration of IES to continuously adapt to the solution searching path. Several subsurface flow problems, including both single‐phase groundwater flow and two‐phase (oil‐water) flow problems, are introduced to evaluate the performance of the proposed active learning strategies. The results show that the proposed strategies achieve better inversion performance than the original surrogate‐based inversion method without active learning, and the number of required simulation runs can also be reduced.
Ionospheric Vertical Correlation Distance Calculation Based on COSMIC Electron Density Profile Data
Authors: Zhang Simin , Wu Xiaocheng , Hu Xiong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground error covariance is an important part of ionospheric assimilation and contains correlation information of the ionospheric background field and error information of the model background field, determines the influence degree of observations on models, and controls the vertical electron density distribution of assimilation results. For more accurate background error covariance determination along the ionosphere vertical direction, we used Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate occultation electron density profile data for vertical correlation distance calculation considering IRI 2016 model errors. The vertical direction correlations are asymmetrical above and below the reference altitude, and with increasing altitude, the vertical correlation distance growth rate may decline or remain unchanged. There are correlation differences in different solar activity years, varying with local time, geomagnetic latitude, and altitude. The vertical correlation distances in high‐solar activity years are greater than that in low‐solar activity years. The correlation distances difference at different times decreases with latitude, with the largest correlation distances at low latitudes. The nighttime distances vary slightly with latitude, while the sunrise correlation distances vary the most relative to other periods. At the same altitude, the correlation distances in the daytime low‐latitude region are the smallest overall, while the correlation distances between the daytime mid‐latitude region and sunrise time are the largest. The point where vertical correlation distances growth stabilize may be correlated with ionospheric hmF2 and upper transition. The IRI model is the most widely used background model in ionospheric assimilation, and the study results could facilitate more accurate vertical background error covariance for ionospheric assimilation.
Adnp-mutant mice with cognitive inflexibility, CaMKIIα hyperactivity, and synaptic plasticity deficits
Authors: Cho Heejin , Yoo Taesun , Moon Heera , Kang Hyojin , Yang Yeji , Kang MinSoung , Yang Esther , Lee Dowoon , Hwang Daehee , Kim Hyun , Kim Doyoun , Kim Jin Young , Kim Eunjoon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractADNP syndrome, involving the ADNP transcription factor of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although Adnp-haploinsufficient (Adnp-HT) mice display various phenotypic deficits, whether these mice display abnormal synaptic functions remain poorly understood. Here, we report synaptic plasticity deficits associated with cognitive inflexibility and CaMKIIα hyperactivity in Adnp-HT mice. These mice show impaired and inflexible contextual learning and memory, additional to social deficits, long after the juvenile-stage decrease of ADNP protein levels to ~10% of the newborn level. The adult Adnp-HT hippocampus shows hyperphosphorylated CaMKIIα and its substrates, including SynGAP1, and excessive long-term potentiation that is normalized by CaMKIIα inhibition. Therefore, Adnp haploinsufficiency in mice leads to cognitive inflexibility involving CaMKIIα hyperphosphorylation and excessive LTP in adults long after its marked expressional decrease in juveniles.