bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advance in management of herpes simplex in Japan
Authors: Imafuku Shinichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerpes simplex, a common infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), is transmitted through contact of the skin/mucous membrane and establishes latency in the sensory ganglia for the rest of the life of the host. HSV occasionally reactivates and forms blisters around the lips or genitalia in some patients. Repeated overt symptoms, and, much more frequent, subclinical reactivation in the mucosa, make the host retain anti‐HSV immunity continuously, resulting in maintaining steadily elevated antibody titer at any point after infection. Clinical symptoms differ in primary infection and recurrence. Primary infections sometimes manifest as severe symptoms such as fever and lymphadenopathy in addition to blisters/erosions of the skin, gingiva, lips, and oral mucosa, while recurrent herpes is generally mild. Diagnosing typical herpes simplex is not difficult, but when the course and manifestations are typical, definitive tests to identify HSV infection are limited since serology is not useful except with primary infection. For treatment, safe and effective oral antiviral drugs are available. Patient‐initiated therapy is a new method of administration labeled in Japan. Amenamevir, an inhibitor of viral helicase primase, is available in Japan and labeled in addition to herpes zoster. These new diagnostic and therapeutic tools should be used for better management of herpes simplex.
European oak metabolites shape digestion and fitness of the herbivore Tortrix viridana
Authors: Bertić Marko , Orgel Franziska , Gschwendtner Silvia , Schloter Michael , Moritz Franco , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Zimmer Ina , Fladung Matthias , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter , Schroeder Hilke , Ghirardo Andrea 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Plants harbour a wide range of leaf‐feeding insects whose survival and fitness are influenced by both energy‐rich molecules and phytochemicals in the host foliage. Yet, how leaf host chemical diversity and insect microbiota—key factors in ecological and physiological processes—impact insect nutrition and fitness are still poorly understood.

To study the effects of leaf metabolic composition on insect herbivory resistance and performance, we fed the larvae of the specialist herbivory Tortrix viridana with leaves of susceptible and resistant Quercus robur trees that are characterized by contrasting metabolomes. We analysed the larval performance and mortality, the metabolomes in plant leaves, and in the insects' saliva and faeces by non‐targeted metabolomics. Using chemometrics, mass difference network analysis and metabarcoding, we show the metabolome changes and chemical reactions associated with the different diets as well as their impact on insect fitness and gut microbiota.

In the saliva and faeces of larvae, plant secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoids) persisted more the insect digestion while compounds from primary metabolism were more depleted. In addition, metabolic reactions within the larvae indicated different degradation pathways used on the two plant metabolic types (syn. metabotypes), including sulfation and sulfonation. We show that feeding insects with resistant oak leaves, enriched in secondary metabolites and depleted in primary metabolites, impaired insect performance and mortality. Although the insects' gut microbiota was slightly different upon the contrasting diets, overall, it was fairly stable. Despite the impact of host chemicals on herbivores, larvae were generally highly efficient in nutrient assimilation (feed conversion ratios of 3.3–3.6) and able to minimize plant defences (78% of secondary metabolites were converted, broken down or sequestrated).

The comparison of the oak metabotypes showed how the foliar composition of resistant oaks affected insect fitness by influencing their digestion. Herbivores feeding on resistant oaks were less efficient due to their lower ability to metabolize and detoxify higher levels of host phytochemicals, whereas those on susceptible oaks were more efficient as they could degrade the host metabolome. This study highlights the importance of the oak leaf chemical composition to insect digestion and fitness of a specialized herbivore.

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The SQuID protocol (subcutaneous insulin in diabetic ketoacidosis): Impacts on ED operational metrics
Authors: Griffey Richard T. , Schneider Ryan M. , Girardi Margo , Yeary Julianne , McCammon Craig , Frawley Laura , Ancona Rachel , Cruz‐Bravo Paulina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies using fast‐acting subcutaneous (SQ) insulin analogs in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have demonstrated efficacy, safety, and cost‐effectiveness, allowing treatment of mild‐to‐moderate (MTM)‐severity DKA patients in non–intensive care unit (ICU) settings. However, emergency department (ED)‐based studies are few, with limited exploration of impacts on operational metrics.MethodsWe implemented the SQuID (Subcutaneous Insulin in Diabetic Ketoacidosis) protocol for adults with MTM‐severity DKA in an urban academic ED, collecting data from August 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. We examined fidelity (frequency of required q2h glucose checks), safety (proportion of patients administered rescue dextrose for hypoglycemia), and ED length of stay (EDLOS) for the SQuID cohort compared to patients (non‐ICU) treated with a traditional insulin infusion. We also examined ICU admission rate among MTM‐severity DKA patients after introduction of SQuID to two historical control periods (pre‐intervention and pre‐COVID). We used Mann–Whitney U to test for differences in EDLOS distributions, bootstrapped (n = 1000) confidence intervals (CIs) for EDLOS median differences, and the two‐sample z‐test for differences in ICU admissions.ResultsWe identified 177 MTM‐severity DKA patients in the study period (78 SQuID, 99 traditional cohort) and 163 preintervention and 161 pre‐COVID historical control patients. Fidelity to the SQuID pathway was good, with glucose checks exceeding the q2‐h requirement. We found no difference in the proportion of rescue dextrose administration compared to the traditional pathway. We observed significant reductions in median EDLOS for the SQuID cohort compared to the traditional cohort during the study period (−3.0, 95% CI −8.5 to −1.4), the preintervention period (−1.4, 95% CI −3.1 to −0.1), and the pre‐COVID control period (−3.6, 95% CI −7.5 to −1.8).ConclusionsIn this single‐center study at an academic ED, treatment of patients with MTM‐severity DKA with a SQ insulin protocol was effective, demonstrated equivalent safety, and reduced ED length of stay.
Teachers' profiles of work engagement and burnout over the course of a school year
Authors: Drouin‐Rousseau Sophie , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Fernet Claude , Blechman Yael , Gillet Nicolas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research relies on a combination of variable‐ and person‐centered approaches to improve our understanding of the dimensionality of work engagement and burnout. Among 1004 teachers who completed a questionnaire twice over an eight‐month period, our results first revealed that work engagement and burnout ratings simultaneously reflected two global overarching constructs co‐existing with six specific dimensions (vigor, dedication, and absorption as well as emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy). We then examined the profiles taken by these global and specific dimensions, documented their stability and interrelations over time, and tested their associations with theoretically relevant predictors. Three work engagement (Vigorously Engaged, Disengaged, Engaged) and three burnout (Burned‐Out, Adapted, Normative) profiles were identified. Most Disengaged teachers at Time 1 corresponded to the Burned‐Out profile at Time 2, and most Burned‐Out teachers at Time 1 corresponded to the Disengaged profile at Time 2. Workload perceptions increased teachers' likelihood of membership into the Disengaged profile relative to the Engaged one. In contrast, most job resources perceptions (control, rewards, and values) predicted an increased likelihood of membership into the Engaged profile relative to the Disengaged one.
Conflicts between mining companies and communities: Institutional environments and conflict resolution approaches
Authors: Oh Chang Hoon , Shin Jiyoung , Ho Shuna Shu Ham 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough companies recognize the importance of social responsibility and community engagement, conflicts between companies and communities have been noticeably increasing. To better understand the role of institutional environments in company–community conflicts, we analyze two mining conflicts—Minera Yanacocha's Minas Conga extension project in Peru and Minera Los Pelambres' El Mauro Tailings Dam in Chile. Our findings imply that, to prevent negative consequences and alleviate company–community conflicts, mining companies should address underlying structural causes and pursue informal approaches in order to obtain and maintain their social license. We find that better formal institutional environments not only alleviate conflict intensity but also facilitate informal approaches through which companies and communities can cooperate to resolve conflicts. The best practice would be to start and continue dialogs between communities and companies, mediated by impartial governments, to understand the concerns of the counterparty and find means by which to address the causes.
Intervention fidelity assessment: A sub‐study of the Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS)
Authors: Withers Thomas M. , Garner Nikki J. , Thorley Chris S. , Kellett Jo , Price Lucy , Auckland Sara , Sheldon Jo , Howe Amanda , Pascale Melanie , Smith Jane R. , Sampson Mike J. , Greaves Colin J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown that lifestyle modification can delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in high‐risk individuals. The Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS) was a parallel, three‐arm, randomized controlled trial with up to 46 months follow‐up that tested a group‐delivered, theory‐based lifestyle intervention to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in high‐risk groups. The current study aimed to evaluate if the NDPS intervention was delivered to an acceptable standard and if any part(s) of the delivery required improvement.MethodsA sub‐sample of 30, 25 for inter‐rater reliability and audio‐recordings of the NDPS intervention education sessions were assessed independently by two reviewers (CT, TW) using a 12‐item checklist. Each item was scored on a 0–5 scale, with a score of 3 being defined as ‘adequate delivery’. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess changes in intervention fidelity as the facilitators gained experience.ResultsInter‐rater agreement was acceptable (86%). A mean score of 3.47 (SD = .38) was achieved across all items of the fidelity checklist and across all intervention facilitators (n = 6). There was an apparent trend for intervention fidelity scores to decrease with experience; however, this trend was non‐significant (p > .05) across all domains in this small sample.ConclusionThe NDPS was delivered to an acceptable standard by all Diabetes Prevention Facilitators. Further research is needed to better understand how the intervention's delivery characteristics can be optimized and how they might vary over time.
Tap water natural fluoride and parent‐reported experience of child dental caries in Japan: Evidence from a nationwide birth cohort survey
Authors: Matsuyama Yusuke , Fujiwara Takeo , Aida Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionWater fluoridation is an effective measure to prevent dental caries. In Japan, artificial water fluoridation is not implemented, and tap water natural fluoride concentration geographically differs because of various soil natures. This study aimed to examine the association between tap water natural fluoride and parent‐reported experience of dental caries in children.MethodData from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the twenty‐first century, a national birth cohort study following all infants born between January 10–17 and July 10–17, 2001, were analysed. Caregivers answered the child's caries treatment history, a proxy for dental caries, yearly from 5.5 to 12 years of age (N = 202 517 observations from 34 998 children). The annual data on tap water natural fluoride concentration in the municipality of residence were obtained from the national statistics. Cross‐classified multilevel Poisson regression models were fitted, adjusting for child, household and municipality characteristics, including average income and dental clinic density.ResultsThe average tap water natural fluoride concentration across municipalities was 0.0887 ppm (SD = 0.0422). The proportion of parent‐reported experience of child dental caries treatment ranged from 24.9% (at 12 years) to 40.3% (at 7 years) and was lower among children living in municipalities with high natural fluoride concentrations, which were 35.0%, 35.4%, 33.4% and 32.3% for <0.10, 0.10–0.19, 0.20–0.29 and ≥0.30 ppm respectively. A 0.1 ppm increment in tap water natural fluoride after controlling for all covariates was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of parent‐reported child dental caries treatment by 3.3% (prevalence ratio = 0.967, 95% credible interval: 0.939, 0.996).ConclusionNatural fluoride in tap water showed a protective effect for the parent‐reported experience of child dental caries in Japan.
Production of dye nanoparticles via a supercritical gas anti‐solvent process and optimisation of the process conditions
Authors: Amani Mitra , Saadati Ardestani Nedasadat , Sajadian Seyed Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNanoparticles of dyes and pigments with high quality and efficiency can be successfully used in the supercritical dyeing process of the textile industries, which is introduced as a waterless and greener dyeing method. In this study, nanoparticles of the Quinoline yellow dye, known as colour index (CI) Solvent Yellow 33, were precipitated via the supercritical gas anti‐solvent (GAS) process. This process was performed at various pressures (100, 130, and 150 bar), temperatures (308, 318, and 328 K), and solute concentrations (10, 30, and 50 mg/ml), designed by the Box–Behnken design (BBD) method. It was found that increasing the pressure, reducing the temperature, and reducing the initial concentration of the liquid solution provided favourable conditions for the production of nano‐sized particles with narrow size distribution and uniform morphology. Accordingly, the optimum operating conditions of the GAS process which resulted in precipitation of the dye nanoparticles, with a mean particle size of 125 nm, were determined at a temperature of 318 K, pressure of 150 bar, and the initial concentration of 10 mg/ml. The characteristics of the precipitated particles were analysed with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry analysis. Based on the DSC and XRD results, GAS processed samples have lower crystallinity and lower particle size. Also, nano‐metric size and narrow size distribution of the precipitated dye particles were confirmed through the FESEM and DLS results.
Comparing inhaled colistin with inhaled fosfomycin/tobramycin as an adjunctive treatment for ventilator‐associated pneumonia: An open‐label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hakamifard Atousa , Torfeh Esfahani Abbas Ali , Homayouni Alireza , Khorvash Farzin , Ataei Behrooz , Abbasi Saeed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeAlthough investigations are limited, adjunctive aerosolized antibiotics have been advised in the setting of gram‐negative ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). This study aimed to compare the efficiency of inhaled colistin with inhaled fosfomycin/tobramycin in treating VAP due to extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii.MethodsThis single center open‐label randomized controlled trial included 60 patients who developed XDR A. bumannii VAP. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to two groups (no. 30). Regardless of the assignment, all participants received meropenem (2 g as a 3‐h extended infusion every 8 h) plus intravenous colistin (a loading dose of 9 million IU and then 4.5 million IU every 12 h). The control group was given inhaled colistin (1 million IU every 8 h), and the case group received inhaled tobramycin/fosfomycin (300 mg every 12 h/80 mg every 12 h) as adjunctive therapy. The primary outcome was treatment duration, and the secondary outcomes were Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) trend and mortality rate in the groups. The decision to stop treatment was made by the treating physician.ResultsThe mean treatment duration was 13.73 ± 3.22 days in the colistin group and 10.85 ± 2.84 days in the tobramycin/fosfomycin group; the mean treatment duration in the latter group was lower significantly (P = 0.001). CPIS was decreased in the groups significantly (P < 0.001), but the mean changes of CPIS were significantly different between the groups, and in the inhaled tobramycin/fosfomycin group, a greater reduction (P = 0.005) was observed. Two (6.67%) patients in the control group and three (10%) patients in the case group died.ConclusionThe use of inhaled tobramycin/fosfomycin in cases with XDR A. bumannii VAP was associated with a shorter treatment duration in this open‐label trial.
Short‐term clinical outcomes and predicted cost savings of dd‐cfDNA‐led surveillance after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Feingold Brian , Rose‐Felker Kirsten , West Shawn C. , Miller Susan A. , Zinn Matthew D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndomyocardial biopsy (EMB)‐led surveillance is common after pediatric heart transplantation (HT), with some centers performing periodic surveillance EMBs indefinitely after HT. Donor derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA)‐led surveillance offers an alternative, but knowledge about its clinical and economic outcomes, both key drivers of potential utilization, are lacking.MethodsUsing single‐center recipient and center‐level data, we describe clinical outcomes prior to and since transition from EMB‐led surveillance to dd‐cfDNA‐led surveillance of pediatric and young adult HT recipients. These data were then used to inform Markov models to compare costs between EMB‐led and dd‐cfDNA‐led surveillance strategies.ResultsOver 34.5 months, dd‐cfDNA‐led surveillance decreased the number of EMBs by 81.8% (95% CI 76.3%–86.5%) among 120 HT recipients (median age 13.3 years). There were no differences in the incidences of graft loss or death among all recipients followed at our center prior to and following implementation of dd‐cfDNA‐led surveillance (graft loss: 2.9 vs. 1.5 per 100 patient‐years;p= .17; mortality: 3.7 vs. 2.2 per 100 patient‐years;p= .23). Over 20 years from HT, dd‐cfDNA‐led surveillance is projected to cost $8545 less than EMB‐led surveillance. Model findings were robust in sensitivity and scenario analyses, with cost of EMB, cost of dd‐cfDNA testing, and probability of elevated dd‐cfDNA most influential on model findings.Conclusionsdd‐cfDNA‐led surveillance shows promise as a less invasive and cost saving alternative to EMB‐led surveillance among pediatric and young adult HT recipients.
Multiple cases in case‐based learning: A qualitative description study
Authors: Perez Arnaldo , Howey Madison , Green Jacqueline L. , Nóbrega Marina Tavares Costa , Kebbe Maryam , Amin Maryam , von Bergmann HsingChi , Ganatra Seema 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionCase‐based learning is widely used in health professions education to improve clinical learning, but little is known about how best to approach multiple cases in this active learning strategy. Our study explored dental student views of multiple case‐based learning in oral pathology.Materials and methodsQualitative description informed the study design. Data were collected through semi‐structured, individual interviews with twenty‐one third‐ and fourth‐year dental students who participated in multiple case‐based learning seminars. Data were analysed using inductive, manifest thematic analysis.ResultsThemes were identified at approach and case levels. Approach‐level themes included preparing students for clinical practice and board exams and maximising exposure (e.g., to lesions/conditions), knowledge application, and engagement within the time allotted for the learning session. Case‐level themes included using challenging but manageable cases, linking cases to lecture content, providing the necessary clinical information to solve the cases, and ensuring that cases were authentic and common with non‐typical presentations. Aspects of themes encompassed definitions of case characteristics, benefits, conditions of implementation, and recommendations for improvement.ConclusionCases should be considered individually, collectively, purposefully, and contextually in multiple case‐based learning. Evaluations of learning and behavioural outcome are needed to further establish the effectiveness of approaches and case characteristics in multiple case‐based learning.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of respiratory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: McMahon Laura , Blake Catherine , Lennon Olive 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionRespiratory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is common and associated with increased hospital admission and mortality rates. Central and peripheral mechanisms have been proposed in PD. To date no systematic review identifies the extent and type of respiratory impairments in PD compared with healthy controls.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Pedro, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and OpenGrey were searched from inception to December 2021 to identify case–control studies reporting respiratory measures in PD and matched controls.ResultsThirty‐nine studies met inclusion criteria, the majority with low risk of bias across Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non‐randomized Studies (RoBANS) domains. Data permitted pooled analysis for 26 distinct respiratory measures. High‐to‐moderate certainty evidence of impairment in PD was identified for vital capacity (standardised mean difference [SMD] 0.75; 95% CI 0.45–1.05; p < 0.00001; I2 = 10%), total chest wall volume (SMD 0.38; 95% CI 0.09–0.68; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%), maximum inspiratory pressure (SMD 0.91; 95% CI 0.64–1.19; p < 0.00001; I2 = 43%) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SMD 0.58; 95% CI 0.30–0.87; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analysis provided high‐moderate certainty evidence of impairment for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s during medication ON phases and increased respiratory rate during OFF phases. Lower certainty evidence identified impairments in PD for maximum expiratory pressure, tidal volume, maximum voluntary ventilation and peak cough flow.ConclusionsStrong evidence supports a restrictive pattern with inspiratory muscle weakness in PD compared with healthy controls. Limited data for central impairment were identified with inconclusive findings.