bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flagellar motor remodeling during swarming requires FliL
Authors: Partridge Jonathan D. , Dufour Yann , Hwang YuneSahng , Harshey Rasika M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFliL is an essential component of the flagellar machinery in some bacteria, but a conditional one in others. The conditional role is for optimal swarming in some bacteria. During swarming, physical forces associated with movement on a surface are expected to exert a higher load on the flagellum, requiring more motor torque to move. FliL was reported to enhance motor output in several bacteria and observed to assemble as a ring around ion‐conducting stators that power the motor. In this study we identify a common new function for FliL in diverse bacteria—Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Proteus mirabilis. During swarming, all these bacteria show increased cell speed and a skewed motor bias that suppresses cell tumbling. We demonstrate that these altered motor parameters, or “motor remodeling,” require FliL. Both swarming and motor remodeling can be restored in an E. coli fliL mutant by complementation with fliL genes from P. mirabilis and B. subtilis, showing conservation of a swarming‐associated FliL function across phyla. In addition, we demonstrate that the strong interaction we reported earlier between FliL and the flagellar MS‐ring protein FliF is confined to the RBM‐3 domain of FliF that links the periplasmic rod to the cytoplasmic C‐ring. This interaction may explain several phenotypes associated with the absence of FliL.
Pemphigus syphiliticus with Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction in a newborn
Authors: Pañgan Erika Anne C. , Asetre‐Luna Imelda , Uy Maria Esterlita V. , Esguerra Angela Katrina M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCongenital syphilis is a serious, disabling, and life‐threatening infection that is transmitted transplacentally from mother to fetus. Early diagnosis is often difficult because affected infants are usually asymptomatic at birth and clinical findings are often subtle and nonspecific. Pemphigus syphiliticus is an early presentation of congenital syphilis which is characterized by fluid‐filled vesicles and bullae which appear mostly on the extremities and tend to rapidly desquamate and erode. Awareness of the clinicians to this early cutaneous manifestation and possible treatment reaction will allow for prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment of syphilis‐infected patients.
Calcium sulphate biomineralisation: Artefact of sample preparation?
Authors: Cera Andreu , Verdugo‐Escamilla Cristóbal , Marín Juan A. , Palacio Sara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCalcium biomineralisation is widely documented in plants. However, crystallisation of Ca‐sulphate‐containing minerals is closely related to water content, and sample processing, such as drying, alters the water balance of plant tissues. We hypothesised that common sample processing practices may favour the formation of crystals, leading to spurious crystallisation not observed in unaltered plant tissues. We selected three species (Ononis tridentata, Helianthemum squamatum and Gypsophila struthium) with reported gypsum biomineralisation. We used x‐ray diffractometry on fresh intact or sliced leaves, and on the same leaves processed by subsequent drying, to address whether sample processing alters crystal formation. Ca‐sulphate crystals were detected in dry samples of all species but not in fresh intact samples. Ca‐sulphate crystallisation occurred in some cut fresh samples, although the accumulation greatly increased after drying. In addition, G. struthium exhibited Ca‐oxalate crystals in both fresh and dry treatments, with a tendency for greater accumulation in dry treatments. Our results demonstrate that the Ca‐sulphate crystals observed by x‐ray diffractometry in these species are artefacts caused by common sample processing practices, such as excessive drying and slicing samples. We encourage future studies on the biomineral potential of plants to avoid the use of procedures that alter the water balance of tissues.
Does Geography Matter? A Regional Analysis of Early Transfer within Ontario Post‐Secondary Education*
Authors: Sano Yujiro , Hillier Cathlene , Milian Roger Pizarro , Zarifa David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe relationship between geography and early transfer behavior has received limited empirical attention. In this study, we track six cohorts of university and community college entrants to examine differences in the early pathways they travel through Ontario post‐secondary education (PSE), paying particular attention to how transfer pathway uptake by students in the province's rural north might vary from those in the more urbanized southern regions. Overall, we observe only modest regional differences in early transfer pathway uptake, with parental income proving to be a more constituent predictor of transfer. However, we do find more sizable net regional differences in the propensity that students will drop out within two years of entering PSE, with northern students being significantly more at risk of leaving PSE in their early years.
Individual freedom against liberalism: Hegel's nonliberal individualism
Authors: Parra‐Ayala Andrés F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this article, I argue that the main contribution of Hegel's philosophy of right to the contemporary political debate is that it opens a window on the idea that liberalism and individual freedom are incompatible. My main thesis is that the liberal conception of the State and law, structured from a nonrelational account of singularity, ends up denying the individual freedom that it claims to defend. I begin by reconstructing the Hegelian concept of freedom from its most general lines, showing that being free consists in wanting to become someone and not so much in wanting to do something. After showing that the purpose of becoming someone can only be fulfilled in a social medium, I focus on Hegel's critique of the liberal state (as expounded in the section on “civil society”). I argue that civil society structurally impedes individuals from realizing their purpose of becoming someone: the economical interactions of civil society give rise to impersonal and inscrutable mechanisms, which take the social conditions of people's individuation beyond their control. Finally, I claim that (rational) individual freedom consists in being able to thematize and democratically control the very social conditions of individuation through the State and law.
An optimal method for quantifying the facial sebum level and characterizing facial sebum features
Authors: Liu Yujie , Jiang Wencai , Tang Yulong , Zhang Qing , Zhen Yaxian , Wang Xuemin , Liu Wei , Wang Jiucun , Ma Yanyun , Tan Yimei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that sebum content is important in skin disorders such as acne. However, sebum levels change depending on the external environment, and quantifying skin sebum levels is challenging. Here, we propose an optimal method for quantifying the facial sebum level.Materials and methodsFour hundred and sixty participants (160 males and 300 females) aged 20–40 were enrolled in this study. A Sebumeter SM 810 was used to measure the sebum level at five facial locations: the forehead, the chin, the left cheek, the right cheek, and the nose. The participants were divided into two groups; one group underwent a one‐time measurement (n = 390, male: female = 120: 270), and the other underwent three consecutive measurements (n = 70, male: female = 40: 30). The casual sebum level (CSL) was measured in all patients after a 30‐min acclimatization; subsequently, the sebum removal process was conducted, followed by a resting period of 1 h to determine the sebum excretion rate (SER). Spearman's correlation analysis and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used to compare the sebum level consistency and differences between the groups.ResultsAlthough three consecutive measurements better reflected the sebum content, the one‐time measurement also represented the relative sebum level. One hour after sebum removal, the sebum level recovered to 70%–90%; thus, this method was applicable for use in SER quantification. Of the five testing points, the sebum content was highest in the nose and lowest in the cheeks (both left and right). In addition, the cheeks were the most stable sites in terms of testing points, testing times, and CSL/SER values. A one‐time measurement of the CSL could represent the SER 1 h after the sebum removal. In our cohort, the sebum level of males with oily skin was decreased at age 32–35, and that of males with non‐oily skin increased at 28–35. The opposite trend was observed in female participants.ConclusionSebum measurement methods were assessed, including testing times, indices (interval of time) and sites in a conditioned external environment. A one‐time measurement of the CSL 1 h after sebum removal was sufficient to determine the sebum level and SER, and the cheeks are recommended as the testing site. Sex and skin type differences were observed in sebum level changes with age.
Protein reservoirs of seeds are amyloid composites employed differentially for germination and seedling emergence
Authors: Sinha Nabodita , Zahra Talat , Gahane Avinash Yashwant , Rout Bandita , Bhattacharya Arnav , Basu Sangramjit , Chakrabarti Arunabha , Thakur Ashwani Kumar 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYSeed protein localization in seed storage protein bodies (SSPB) and their significance in germination are well recognized. SSPB are spherical and contain an assembly of water‐soluble and salt‐soluble proteins. Although the native structures of some SSPB proteins are explored, their structural arrangement to the functional correlation in SSPB remains unknown. SSPB are morphologically analogous to electron‐dense amyloid‐containing structures reported in other organisms. Here, we show that wheat, mungbean, barley, and chickpea SSPB exhibit a speckled pattern of amyloids interspersed in an amyloid‐like matrix along with native structures, suggesting the composite nature of SSPB. This is confirmed by multispectral imaging methods, electron microscopy, infrared, and X‐ray diffraction analysis, using in situ tissue sections, ex vivo protoplasts, and in vitro SSPB. Laser capture microdissection coupled with peptide fingerprinting has shown that globulin 1 and 3 in wheat, and 8S globulin and conglycinin in mungbean are the major amyloidogenic proteins. The amyloid composites undergo a sustained degradation during germination and seedling growth, facilitated by an intricate interplay of plant hormones and proteases. These results would lay down the foundation for understanding the amyloid composite structure during SSPB biogenesis and its evolution across the plant kingdom and have implications in both basic and applied plant biology.
A Global Correction Framework for Camera Registration in Video See-Through Augmented Reality Systems
Authors: Yang Wenhao , Zhang Yunbo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) enhances the user’s perception of the real environment by superimposing virtual images generated by computers. These virtual images provide additional visual information that complements the real-world view. AR systems are rapidly gaining popularity in various manufacturing fields such as training, maintenance, assembly, and robot programming. In some AR applications, it is crucial for the invisible virtual environment to be precisely aligned with the physical environment to ensure that human users can accurately perceive the virtual augmentation in conjunction with their real surroundings. The process of achieving this accurate alignment is known as calibration. During some robotics applications using AR, we observed instances of misalignment in the visual representation within the designated workspace. This misalignment can potentially impact the accuracy of the robot’s operations during the task. Based on the previous research on AR-assisted robot programming systems, this work investigates the sources of misalignment errors and presents a simple and efficient calibration procedure to reduce the misalignment accuracy in general video see-through AR systems. To accurately superimpose virtual information onto the real environment, it is necessary to identify the sources and propagation of errors. In this work, we outline the linear transformation and projection of each point from the virtual world space to the virtual screen coordinates. An offline calibration method is introduced to determine the offset matrix from the head-mounted display (HMD) to the camera, and experiments are conducted to validate the improvement achieved through the calibration process.
Characterizing Designs Via Isometric Embeddings: Applications to Airfoil Inverse Design
Authors: Chen Qiuyi , Fuge Mark 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Many design problems involve reasoning about points in high-dimensional space. A common strategy is to first embed these high-dimensional points into a low-dimensional latent space. We propose that a good embedding should be isometric—i.e., preserving the geodesic distance between points on the data manifold in the latent space. However, enforcing isometry is non-trivial for common neural embedding models such as autoencoders. Moreover, while theoretically appealing, it is unclear to what extent is enforcing isometry necessary for a given design analysis. This paper answers these questions by constructing an isometric embedding via an isometric autoencoder, which we employ to analyze an inverse airfoil design problem. Specifically, the paper describes how to train an isometric autoencoder and demonstrates its usefulness compared to non-isometric autoencoders on the UIUC airfoil dataset. Our ablation study illustrates that enforcing isometry is necessary for accurately discovering clusters through the latent space. We also show how isometric autoencoders can uncover pathologies in typical gradient-based shape optimization solvers through an analysis on the SU2-optimized airfoil dataset, wherein we find an over-reliance of the gradient solver on the angle of attack. Overall, this paper motivates the use of isometry constraints in neural embedding models, particularly in cases where researchers or designers intend to use distance-based analysis measures to analyze designs within the latent space. While this work focuses on airfoil design as an illustrative example, it applies to any domain where analyzing isometric design or data embeddings would be useful.
Sensitivity of Laidback Fan-Shaped Hole Discharge Coefficient Under Internal Coolant Crossflow Conditions
Authors: Haoyang Liu , Qiang Du , Qingzong Xu , Guangyao Xu , Hongye Li , Dawei Chen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An experimental study was performed on the discharge coefficients of laidback fan-shaped holes under different internal coolant crossflow orientations. The influence of the geometric and flow parameters on the discharge coefficient was investigated under flat plate conditions, where the pressure ratio ranged from 1 to 1.6. The results show that the film hole discharge coefficient is more sensitive to variations in the coolant crossflow under small pressure ratios. In comparison, the discharge coefficient is much less sensitive to the change of coolant crossflow under high pressure. Meanwhile, the length of the cylindrical section varied over the range of 1D–4D, and the length of the expansion section varied from 2D to 6D, where D represents the diameter of the film hole. The results show that the discharge coefficient is much more sensitive to the length of the cylindrical section than to the length of the expansion section. To quantify the sensitivity of the internal crossflow effects on the discharge coefficient, a low-ordered reduced model is proposed for the discharge coefficient of laidback fan-shaped holes. Both the geometric and flow parameters are considered in the model and give prediction errors within 5%.
On the Electrification of Winter Season in Cold Climate Megacities—The Case of New York City
Authors: Gamarro Harold , González-Cruz Jorge E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cities are accelerating policies to electrify their energy sectors as a key strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In densely populated cities with cold climates, the building sector often accounts for over 70% of total energy consumption during winter seasons. In such cold climate megacities, the common practice for heating building spaces involves burning oil or gas. A major shift from this conventional approach toward electric-based heating technologies could have far-reaching implications. In this work, we focus on New York City (NYC), where buildings account for over 75% of the total energy consumption used during winter seasons. The city has adopted policies aimed at achieving deep decarbonization by targeting buildings as a primary source of emissions. We evaluate the potential energy infrastructure and environmental impacts of such major shifts by focusing on the adoption of air-source heat pumps from natural gas boilers. The Weather Research and Forecasting model, coupled with a multilayer building environment parameterization and building energy model, is used to perform this analysis. A city-scale case study was performed over the winter month of January 2021. Simulation results show good agreement with surface weather stations. We show that a shift of heating systems from gas to electricity results in an equivalent peak energy demand from 21,500 MW to 5800 MW, while reducing the peak urban heat island (UHI) by 2.5–3 °C. Results highlight potential trade-offs in adaptation strategies for cities, which may be necessary in the context of increasing decarbonization policies.
Intricate link between siderophore secretion and drug efflux in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Meikle Virginia , Zhang Lei , Niederweis Michael 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is a worldwide health-care problem rendering current tuberculosis (TB) drugs ineffective. Drug efflux is an important mechanism in bacterial drug resistance. The MmpL4 and MmpL5 transporters form functionally redundant complexes with their associated MmpS4 and MmpS5 proteins and constitute the inner membrane components of an essential siderophore secretion system of
M. tuberculosis
. Inactivating siderophore secretion is toxic for
M. tuberculosis
due to self-poisoning at low-iron conditions and leads to a strong virulence defect in mice. In this study, we show that
M. tuberculosis
mutants lacking components of the MmpS4-MmpL4 and MmpS5-MmpL5 systems are more susceptible to bedaquiline, clofazimine, and rifabutin, important drugs for treatment of drug-resistant TB. While genetic deletion experiments revealed similar functions of the MmpL4 and MmpL5 transporters in siderophore and drug secretion, complementation experiments indicated that the MmpS4-MmpL4 proteins alone are not sufficient to restore drug efflux in an
M. tuberculosis
mutant lacking both operons, in contrast to MmpS5-MmpL5. Importantly, an
M. tuberculosis
mutant lacking the recently discovered periplasmic Rv0455c protein, which is also essential for siderophore secretion, is more susceptible to the same drugs. These results reveal a promising target for the development of dual-function TB drugs, which might poison
M. tuberculosis
by blocking siderophore secretion and synergize with other drugs by impairing drug efflux.
Characterization of CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein-mediated viral entry
Authors: Liu Yongmei , Chen Danying , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Xinglin , Qiu Yaruo , Zheng Mei , Song Yanjun , Li Guoli , Song Chuan , Liu Tingting , Zhang Yuanyuan , Guo Ju-Tao , Lin Hanxin , Zhao Xuesen 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018) was recently isolated from a child with pneumonia. This novel human pathogen resulted from cross-species transmission of a canine coronavirus. It has been known that CCoV-HuPn-2018 uses aminopeptidase N (APN) from canines, felines, and porcines, but not humans, as functional receptors for cell entry. The molecular mechanism of cell entry in CCoV-HuPn-2018 remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that among the nine APN orthologs tested, the APN of the Mexican free-tailed bat could also efficiently support CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike (S) protein-mediated entry, raising the possibility that bats may also be an alternative host epidemiologically important for the transmission of this virus. The glycosylation at residue N747 of canine APN is critical for its receptor activity. The gain of glycosylation at the corresponding residues in human and rabbit APNs converted them to functional receptors for CCoV-HuPn-2018. Interestingly, the CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped virus infected multiple human cancer cell lines in a human APN-independent manner, whereas sialic acid appeared to facilitate the entry of the pseudotyped virus into human cancer cells. Moreover, while host cell surface proteases trypsin and TMPRSS2 did not promote the entry of CCoV-HuPn-2018, endosomal proteases cathepsin L and B are required for the entry of CCoV-HuPn-2018 in a pH-dependent manner. IFITMs and LY6E are host restriction factors for the CCoV-HuPn-2018 entry. Our results thus suggest that CCoV-HuPn-2018 has not yet evolved to be an efficient human pathogen. Collectively, this study helps us understand the cell tropism, receptor usage, cross-species transmission, natural reservoir, and pathogenesis of this potential human coronavirus.

IMPORTANCE
Viral entry is driven by the interaction between the viral spike protein and its specific cellular receptor, which determines cell tropism and host range and is the major constraint to interspecies transmission of coronaviruses. Aminopeptidase N (APN; also called CD13) is a cellular receptor for HCoV-229E, the newly discovered canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018), and many other animal alphacoronaviruses. We examined the receptor activity of nine APN orthologs and found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 utilizes APN from a broad range of animal species, including bats but not humans, to enter host cells. To our surprise, we found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped viral particles successfully infected multiple human hepatoma-derived cell lines and a lung cancer cell line, which is independent of the expression of human APN. Our findings thus provide mechanistic insight into the natural hosts and interspecies transmission of CCoV-HuPn-2018-like coronaviruses.