bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insight into the effect of hydroxyl substituted flavonoids on the cytotoxicity of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline
Authors: Deng Hongting , He Yuanju , Cao Hui , Chen Lei , Teng Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to evaluate different structures of flavonoids interfering with the cytotoxicity of heterocyclic amines (HCA). Eight flavonoids with similar structure including myricetin, rutin, fisetin, quercetin, myricetrin, quercetrin, kaempferol, and galangin were coincubated with 2‐amino‐4‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinolone (IQ) respectively to determine the cytotoxicity. The results revealed that IQ at low doses showed no cytotoxicity; however, in the presence of myricetin and rutin, the cytotoxicity significantly elevated. It seems that C‐3′, C‐4′, C‐5′, and C‐5 hydroxyl substituents on the flavonoid skeleton of B ring play important role in the increasing cytotoxicity induced by IQ in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, the data obtained from the present study revealed an unexpected adverse effect of the supposed beneficial food ingredient myricetin, which appears to be able to increase the cytotoxicity of the procarcinogen HCA.
ダビガトラン過量服薬に対するイダルシズマブの静脈内投与：血漿中ダビガトラン濃度と血液凝固能の関連性(Intravenous idarucizumab for dabigatran overdose: association between plasma dabigatran concentration and coagulation profile)
Authors: 圭介 兼田 , 雄康 大野 , 勇輔 宮崎 , 一成 遠山 , 勇 山田 , 茂亮 井上 , 穣治 小谷 
Published: January 2023

要旨ダビガトランは直接トロンビンを阻害することで抗凝固作用を示す経口抗凝固薬であり，近年処方機会が急増している。過量内服症例における，血漿中ダビガトラン濃度および血液凝固能の推移に関するデータは不足している。腎機能障害のない，非弁膜症性心房細動をもつ71歳邦人女性が近医より処方されていたダビガトランを合計7,480mg自殺目的に過量内服し，当院に搬送された。過量内服4時間後の血漿中ダビガトラン濃度は4,217ng/mL（治療域濃度100～400ng/mL）であり，APTTは160.3秒，PT–INRは9.46であった。イダルシズマブ5g経静脈投与後，血漿中ダビガトラン濃度は経時的に低下し，それに伴いAPTTとPT–INRも正常化した。血漿中ダビガトラン濃度とAPTT（R2=0.9898），およびPT–INR（R2=0.9998）との間には強固な関連性が認められた。本症例は第9病日に後遺症なく独歩退院した。治療域の40倍の血漿中濃度を示すダビガトラン大量内服症例において，イダルシズマブは血漿中ダビガトラン濃度を安全に，かつ効果的に低下させた。また，血液凝固能は，血漿中ダビガトラン濃度を強固に反映した。本症例により，一般的な血液凝固能検査を用いることで，ダビガトランの血中薬物動態を推定できる可能性が示された。
シングルルーメンチューブを用いた緊急挿管後に大量皮下気腫を生じた気管損傷の1例(A case of tracheal rupture with massive subcutaneous emphysema after emergency tracheal intubation with a single–lumen tube)
Authors: 幸 服部 , 圭祐 櫻井 , 直志 武山 
Published: January 2023

要旨　気管挿管は救急医療において日常的に行われている手技であるが，挿管後の気管損傷は稀かつ死亡リスクが高いうえ，症状発現までの時間も一定ではないため診断や原因検索に難渋する。また，発生率はダブルルーメンのほうが多く，シングルルーメンではごく僅かである。今回我々は，シングルルーメンを用いた緊急気管挿管後に大量の皮下気腫を呈したものの，良好な転帰を経た気管膜様部損傷の1例を経験したので報告する。症例は80歳代女性，明け方に呼吸困難で救急搬送された。来院時は不穏状態かつ，リザーバーマスク10L/分の高濃度酸素投与下でSpO2 86%であった。画像検査にて急性心不全による肺水腫と診断し初療室で緊急挿管を行い集中治療室管理となったが，入室時のカフ圧が高値を示していた。挿管数時間後に全身の皮下気腫を認め精査にて気管膜様部に4cmに渡る縦方向の裂傷を確認し，カフ圧損傷に伴う気管膜様部損傷と推測した。挿管後気管損傷に至る原因は患者側要因と医療側要因が複雑に絡むため原因不明な場合も多いが，双方のリスクを吟味し発症を予防するための具体的な行動指標を考察する。
Fostering Professional Development for Inclusive Education in Rural Iceland: A Collaborative Action Research Project
Authors: Óskarsdóttir Edda , Wozniczka Anna Katarzyna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses collaborative action research carried out by the authors while preparing and teaching a professional development course to develop inclusive school practices. The purpose was to understand how a professional development course on inclusive education can be developed through a distance learning module for diverse participants. The authors discuss how they explored how they were able to be inclusive throughout the course as well as the insights they gained into how course participants developed their own inclusive practice and pedagogy.
Policy Equity Contexts in Inclusive Education for Immigrant Children in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Vijayavarathan-R Kalpana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to examine whether policies on integration and education in The Faroe Islands are fit-for-purpose when viewed from dual lenses: the acknowledgement of the importance of ethnic cultural identity and heritage language (first language/mother tongue) of immigrant children and their inclusion through education towards integration in The Faroe Islands. The focus is on whether existing policies consider the pivotal relationship between language and identity in education for second generation immigrant children and immigrant children in compulsory schools, i.e., grades 1 to 9 to ensure that they have agency in Faroese society.
Integrating EEG–fMRI Through Brain Simulation
Authors: Schirner Michael , Ritter Petra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEEG and fMRI are thought to measure partly distinct, partly overlapping, and certainly incomplete aspects of neuronal activity. Brain network models (BNMs) are used to simulate neuronal activity, like the dynamics of postsynaptic potentials, or spike-firing activity, and may conjointly predict both, EEG and fMRI, and therefore allow for the integration and the analysis of the two signals. The usual motivation for EEG–fMRI integration is to use both techniques in a complementary fashion by combining their strengths, while ameliorating their weaknesses. For instance, EEG measures electric activity on the scalp with a high temporal sampling rate, but a low spatial resolution (e.g., due to volume conduction effects). On the other hand, fMRI BOLD contrast is an indirect (proxy) measure of neural activity that is sensitive for the fluctuation of blood oxygenation at a relatively low temporal resolution. Some of the appeal of brain simulation-based integration of EEG–fMRI data is related to the idea that after fitting a neural model to reproduce observed activity, the internal activity of the model can tell us something about unobservable activity, like neural firing, which can only be measured invasively and in a spatially restricted manner. Brain simulation-based approaches have the potential to not only integrate EEG and fMRI, but basically data from every modality that can either directly (like multi-electrode recordings) or indirectly (like fMRI) be linked with the neural model.
Working with Robots as Colleagues: Kenyan Perspectives of Ethical Concerns on Possible Integration of Co-bots in Workplaces
Authors: Kwanya Tom 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRobots are moving closer to human beings especially in work environments. The entry of co-bots into workspaces raises many questions. One of the key questions surrounds the likely relationship between the co-bots and their co-workers. Are co-bots to be considered as colleagues or are they tools? What ethical issues emerge from this consideration in the context of Kenyan workspaces? This chapter discusses these questions in the Kenyan context. Data for the chapter was collected using qualitative interviews with 20 data scientists selected through information-oriented purposive sampling. The chapter concludes that there are six ethical issues which can influence the perceptions of co-bots by data scientists in Kenya. These include the concept of work as a divine gift to humanity which cannot be shared with machines; the notion that treating co-bots as legal persons equates them to human beings which is viewed as demeaning to humanity; the fear that co-bots will dominate and eventually replace humans in ordinary workspaces thereby denying the latter not just an opportunity to work but to livelihood too; fear of unintended social consequences of “anthropomorphisation”; lack of trust for machines created by limited humans to offer unlimited services and companionship; and discomfort with exotic robots entering professional but also indigenous spaces. Until these ethical issues are addressed comprehensively, it is unlikely that information scientists would unreservedly welcome co-bots into their workspaces as colleagues.
Towards Shaping the Future of Responsible AI in Africa
Authors: Eke Damian Okaibedi , Chintu Schmidt Shilukobo , Wakunuma Kutoma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) presents unprecedented opportunities for Africa. Increasingly, AI and other emerging technologies are being deployed in African contexts—healthcare, agriculture, sociopolitical processes, businesses and education—in ways that promise to change cultural dynamics. Despite obvious potential good benefits, AI deployment and implementation raise fundamental questions bordering on human rights, fairness, privacy, bias, discrimination, security, climate change and the future of work which highlight the importance of Responsible AI. However, the growing literature on Responsible AI focuses more on contexts in the Global North whereas African contexts are ignored or largely forgotten. This chapter makes an argument to clarify the importance of Responsible AI that considers African contexts, interests, values, fears, hopes and aspirations. It reviews the current and future AI landscape and then makes recommendations on how the discussions on Responsible AI in and for Africa should be shaped.
Consumption, Sustainability and Everyday Life
Authors: Hansen Arve , Nielsen Kenneth Bo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnsustainable consumption patterns are among the world’s most wicked problems. In large part in response to the environmental unsustainabilities embedded in modern consumer societies, a large field of consumption research has developed over the past decades. This introductory chapter reviews the history and development of consumption research and situates the contributions in this book within the broader field. We start broadly, before zooming in on the ‘practice turn’ and on research engaging with consumption and sustainability. Following this, we outline the chapters of the book and conclude with some reflections on the possible future of consumption research, calling for a broader agenda for research on consumption and sustainability.
Can Economics Help to Understand, and Change, Consumption Behaviour?
Authors: McNeill Desmond 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter assesses the contribution that economics can make to help us understand consumer behaviour and, if necessary, to try and change it. Economic theory of consumer behaviour is sophisticated and rigorous, but very limited. It excludes from consideration many of the factors which are well-recognised by other social sciences as being important. These limitations stem largely from the standard model of homo economicus. Economists are not unaware of this problem, but it is difficult to resolve it: to establish models that are tractable—for example incorporating the idea of interdependent preferences. But even simple economic theory, in which income and price are the main explanatory factors of consumer behaviour, provides the basis for potentially very effective policy instruments. If incomes fall, consumption is indeed reduced; and taxes and subsidies can substantially alter consumer behaviour. The problem is that such instruments are politically very unpopular.
Towards Sustainable Consumption: Reflections on the Concepts of Social Loading, Excess and Idle Capacity
Authors: Southerton Dale , Warde Alan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurrent levels of material consumption in the West are incompatible with environmental sustainability. Present strategies for achieving reduction are not sufficient for purpose. In an early critique of inadequate conceptions of consumer demand, Wilhite and Lutzenhiser (Advances in Consumer Research, 26, 281–287, 1999) examined the difference between base and peak loading as a mechanism responsible for immediate inefficiencies and escalating levels of production in energy systems. Their article introduced the term ‘just-in-case’ to identify a common rationalisation for the persistent tendency of individuals and organisations to hold or increase excess capacity. As a source of and justification for excess capacity, the proviso ‘just-in-case’ has wider relevance in debates about unsustainable levels of everyday consumption, regarding the determination of what might be too much, what too little and what just enough. Defining enough is an intellectual and political minefield, but at least we can identify mechanisms which tend to generate unfruitful excess. Just-in-case reasoning is itself one such mechanism. It is one surreptitious way to increase environmental load through the justification for ownership of un(der)utilised material resources. We reveal circumstances in which just-in-case provides a rationalisation for escalating production and overstocking and point to four ways of reducing the environmental impacts of particular goods. We demonstrate the entailment of problematic items within practices. We discuss the merits of alternatives to the private and exclusive ownership of under-utilised resources-intensive products, including sharing ownership and renting services. Finally, we review the opportunities afforded by digital technologies.
Sufficiency in China’s Energy Provision: A Service Understanding of Sustainable Consumption and Production
Authors: Korsnes Marius 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChina’s power sector has contributed to more than 45 per cent of China’s total historical carbon emissions. The economic turnaround experienced in China since 1978 has increased incomes and the national gross domestic product, in part through actively embracing consumerism. Environmental exploitation and widespread pollution of air, soil and water have accompanied the development process. This chapter qualitatively explores China’s current development path by presenting a social science analysis of electricity consumption and energy services. The analysis will not encompass the whole energy sector but looks mainly at the services that electricity provides domestically in an urban Chinese context. Seeing needs and demand as socially constructed and developed over time through a variety of influences, the chapter analyses and assesses the services provided by electricity. The working hypothesis of this chapter is that we need to change from efficiency thinking to sufficiency thinking, i.e., the possibility of having enough of something for a particular purpose, and the onus should still be on the affluent population of the world. Nevertheless, China organises its economy according to market-based and government-guided principles and acts as a growth engine for global capitalist endeavours. To make headway, the chapter discusses two points: First, is energy growth in China mainly about developing basic services and infrastructures? Second, is it ethical or practical to argue for restrictions on energy growth in China?
Practical Aeromobilities: Making Sense of Environmentalist Air-Travel
Authors: Volden Johannes , Hansen Arve 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlying has become an increasingly contested form of consumption, but ‘green’ consumers often continue to fly. This chapter provides novel insights into the stubbornness of air-travel by specifically studying the obstacles that environmentally conscious consumers face when trying to limit or eliminate aeromobility. Through in-depth interviews with Norwegian environmental organisation workers—conceptualised as particularly self-reflexive when it comes to environmentally contested forms of consumption—we analyse how environmentalists negotiate one of the most environmentally destructive aspects of their consumption patterns. To explore how the social embeddedness of flying complicates the reduction of air-travel in these accounts, we draw on a combination of mobilities and social practice approaches. The participants considered flying to be problematic, but also often necessary in specific practices. Various expectations related to convenience, time, and sociality, led to a certain ‘lock-in’ of (aero)mobility. Zooming out to consider broader practice geographies, we argue that aeromobility contributes to the tempo-spatial expansion of many practices, changing their contents, meanings, and the contexts in which they unfold. To achieve sustainable mobility, we suggest that attention must be shifted from the air-travels of individual consumers to the broader practices in which aeromobility is embedded.
Executive Summary
Authors: Hasanov Fakhri J. , Joutz Frederick L. , Mikayilov Jeyhun I. , Javid Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe objective of this book is to introduce the KAPSARC Global Energy Macroeconometric Model (KGEMM) and to conduct a detailed survey of the existing macroeconomic models for Saudi Arabia discussing their strengths and weaknesses. KGEMM is a policy analysis tool for examining the impacts of domestic policies and changes in global economy including energy markets on the Saudi Arabian economic (macro and sectoral), energy, and environmental relations.
KGEMM Simulations
Authors: Hasanov Fakhri J. , Joutz Frederick L. , Mikayilov Jeyhun I. , Javid Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs mentioned earlier, MEMs are evaluated and validated using in-sample and out-of-sample simulations, and policy analysis, among other validation methods. In this section, we run KGEMM for in-sample forecasting and out-of-sample policy analysis to evaluate its predictive ability. Hasanov and Joutz (2013) provide an overview of the literature that covers in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts and other methods for evaluating the predictive ability of MEMs. This includes Calzolari and Corsi (1977), Beenstock et al. (1986), Klein et al. (1999), Fair (1984, 1994, 2004), Bardsen and Nymoen (2008).
Money and Management
Authors: Freebody Jane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTensions between the therapeutic value and the financial benefits of patient work were exacerbated by the difficult financial climate following World War I and during the Great Depression. In France, prefects and asylum directors were keen to maximise the use of patient work to offset institutional running costs, which did not always sit comfortably alongside its therapeutic remit. The transformation of the Asile Clinique into a hospital for acute patients was delayed because it involved losing the asylum’s incurable and chronic patients, who were its best workers. In England, the economic contribution made by patient work was downplayed, in the light of accusations of exploitation, while the curative role of occupation was emphasised. Occupational therapy added to, rather than offset, institutional running costs, but this was justified by its role in active treatment. The budget for entertainment was another contested area; whether expenditure in this area could be justified on the grounds of therapy.
The Medical Prescription of Patient Occupation
Authors: Freebody Jane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnalysis of the different attitudes of English medical superintendents and French chief medical officers towards patient occupation provides an insight into the different conceptions of mental disorder and its treatment held by French and English psychiatrists during the interwar period. It also highlights the different management structures of French and English institutions. Authority for running French institutions was shared between a chief medical officer, in charge of medical matters, and an asylum director, responsible for administration and finance. In England, medical superintendents were in sole charge of their hospitals and had the authority to make decisions regarding all matters concerning management and medical treatment, including patient occupation. Psychiatrists' training, professional networks, and attitude towards innovation and risk all contributed to their vision of what constituted effective treatment. In France, this vision could be compromised by the asylum director’s need to maximise the productivity of the patient workforce.
Work and Support for Patients Outside Hospital
Authors: Freebody Jane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines whether the rehabilitative remit of patient workhad decreased in importance during the interwar years compared to during the nineteenth century. Despite the need to rebuild their respective economies after World War I, and the high unemployment of the Great Depression, patient occupation in French and English asylums did not appear to prepare patients for the modern workplace, as Freebody’s comparison of the work available locally to the work provided in linstitutions demonstrates. The work around the hospital tended to be based on outmoded artisanal techniques in France, while in England, occupational therapy, in the form of arts and crafts, was the antithesis of modern working practices, such as those associated with “scientific labour management”. Freebody attempts to explain this anomaly in terms of a focus on the "active treatment" of patients, rather than vocational rehabilitation, and increased levels of support for patients post-discharge in England, and to the emphasis on the financial contribution made by patient labour to asylum budgets in France.
The Nature and Circulation of False Information
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the nature of disinformation (false information spread with intent to deceive) and misinformation (false information spread without specific deceptive intent), inquiring into processes that increase their circulation online. As befits any study of media systems, it addresses interconnections between technologies, media forms, wider media and political environments, people and impacts. It opens with a discussion on the role of deception in citizen-political communications. This highlights the long-standing debate on whether political leaders should lie to their citizens, addressing evidence of such activity in the areas of national security and election campaigns. It then discusses the nature and scale of two key forms of contemporary disinformation: fake news and deepfakes. Widening the focus beyond intentionally deceptive forms to false information in general, the chapter then examines the dynamics of spreading false information online, discussing why people engage with such processes.
Profiling, Targeting and the Increasing Optimisation of Emotional Life
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo understand how the optimisation of emotion incubates false information online, this chapter examines profiling and targeting in citizen-political communications. Profiling and targeting are how emotion is understood, harnessed, amplified, dampened, manipulated and optimised. This chapter focuses on profiling and targeting in political campaigning as this is an intensively studied area awash with emotion and deception and attracts uneven protections across the world. Specifically, this chapter examines the targeting and profiling technologies and practices in political campaigning in the USA, UK and India, so highlighting the impact of different data protection regimes as well as uneven digital literacies. In exploring these issues, this chapter also outlines key tools and techniques utilised by digital political campaigners in the big data era to profile and target datafied emotions.
Harms to the Civic Body from False Information Online
Authors: Bakir Vian , McStay Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOpening Part II of this book on how to strengthen the civic body against the rising tide of optimisation of emotion and its incubation of false information online, this chapter examines six core social and democratic harms arising from false information online. Firstly (1) it produces wrongly informed citizens that (2) in certain circumstances, for certain communities, are likely to stay wrongly informed in digital echo chambers and (3), more widely, be emotionally provoked (given the affective nature of much false information), thereby fuelling polarisation, partisan misperceptions, incivility and hatred. Added to this is a fourth problem: (4) contagion, where false, emotive information incubated in digital echo chambers and highly partisan enclaves influences wider social media and mainstream news, thereby spreading its pollutants far and wide. Meanwhile, (5) profiling and microtargeting raise core democratic harms comprising fragmentation of important national conversations; targeted suppression of voters; and undue influence over susceptible citizens, although this is hard to directly prove. Also related (6) is the impact of false information in seeding distrust in important civic processes and institutions, from health messaging to democratic processes.