bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASHP Survey of Health-System Specialty Pharmacy Practice: Practice Models, Operations, and Workforce — 2022
Authors: Kelley Tara N , Canfield Scott , Diamantides Erica , Ryther Ashley M K , Pedersen Craig A , Pierce Gabrielle 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The results of the 2022 American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Survey of Health-System Specialty Pharmacy (HSSP) Practice: Practice Models, Operations, and Workforce are presented.

Methods
A total of 273 leaders in HSSPs were contacted by email to complete a survey hosted using Qualtrics. The survey sample was compiled from ASHP member lists, the presence of a specialty pharmacy indicated in previous ASHP surveys, and outreach to ASHP member organizational leaders.

Results
The survey response rate was 35.9%. Most HSSPs dispense 30,000 or fewer specialty prescriptions annually. Most respondents have an annual revenue of $100 million or less, are part of a 340B-covered entity, operate one location, have 1 to 2 specialty pharmacy accreditations, dispense both nonspecialty and specialty medications, and employ an average of 15.5 pharmacists and 17.6 technicians. The majority (66.7%) dispense 50% or less of prescriptions written by internal providers due to payor and manufacturer network restrictions. Over one-third employ nonpharmacist and nontechnician professionals. Specialty pharmacists are involved in treatment decisions and therapy selection before prescription generation (69.8%), and 47.7% of respondents report pharmacists operating under collaborative practice agreements. Most (82.6%) offer experiential or formal education in specialty pharmacy. The top point of pride remains patient satisfaction and level of service. Top challenges include access to payor networks, the ability to hire and retain qualified staff, and shrinking reimbursement from payors.

Conclusion
The HSSP is a continually maturing integrated advanced practice model focused on providing patient-centric care to all patients and employees of the health system regardless of network status. HSSPs are raising the standards for quality in specialty pharmacy care.
A deep dive into selected work sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic and the “living with COVID” phase: understanding similarities and differences in practice, perceptions, and preparedness
Authors: Coleman Anna , Canham Rebecca , Clabon Katie , Hosseini Paniz , Johnson Sheena , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
When it comes to controlling workplace transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, different workplaces and industrial sectors face different challenges, both in terms of likely transmission routes and which control measures can be practically, economically, and effectively implemented. This article considers a large body of research in the United Kingdom across different work sectors and time points during the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand mitigation measures, challenges to mitigating the risk of SARS-COV-2 transmission, knowledge gaps, and barriers and enablers to control viral transmission.

Methods
Data is drawn from 2 phases of research. Phase 1 gathered data from an interactive workshop (April 2022) where PROTECT researchers working across 8 work sectors shared knowledge and expertise from research conducted between 2020 and 2022. Phase 2 revisited 6 of these sectors to explore participants’ views on the “living with COVID” phase of the pandemic (February–October 2022) through qualitative interviews.

Results
Our findings emphasise the importance of considering the characteristics of each work sector (and their sub-sectors), relative to the physical workplace and workforce, the ways organisations operate, and how they interact with the public. Study findings show that participant’s views and organisational practices changed quickly and significantly over the course of the pandemic. Most participants initially perceived that the majority of risk mitigations would remain in place for the foreseeable future. However, following the change in Government Guidance towards “living with COVID”, most mitigation measures were quickly removed and it had become necessary for sectors/organisations to restore normal operations, thereby treating the COVID-19 virus like any other illness, while remaining prepared for future health emergencies that may arise.

Conclusion
We suggest that national policy makers and organisational leaders remain mindful of the lessons learned and knowledge gained at all levels (national, regional, local, organisational, and individual) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We make recommendations in support of recovery as sectors/organisations continue “living with COVID” and other respiratory diseases; balanced with longer term planning for the next public health crisis.
Golden mimics use multiple defenses to counter generalist and specialist predators
Authors: Pekár Stano , Whiting Martin J , Herberstein Marie E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Many prey species employ multiple defenses during interactions with predators. Multiple defenses can provide a selective advantage against a single predator at different stages of the interaction or attack, as well as against multiple predator types. However, the efficacy of multiple defenses both during different sequences of an attack and against multiple predator types, remains poorly understood. We measured and classified defensive traits used by five mimics (Müllerian and Batesian) of the myrmecomorphic golden mimicry complex and one non-mimetic species. We then performed predatory trials using two different predators that differed markedly in their body size, trophic specialization, and how they handle prey—one being an ant specialist (spider) and the other a generalist which avoided ants (skink). We identified 12 defensive traits and classified them into four groups (primary, chemical, mechanical, and behavioral), which were strongly correlated. Skinks were much less likely to attack and capture mimics than the ant-eating spider predators. Our results show that multiple defenses (five or six) were used against each predator. The defensive behaviors and features that were most effective against skinks included appendage waving and large body size, whereas the golden “shine” warning signal, large body size, cuticle thickness, and defensive gland size were most effective against spiders. Most defenses appeared to be predator-specific. We conclude that potential prey in the golden mimicry complex have been selected for multiple defenses because of their vulnerability to different predator types and consequently, the efficacy of some of these defenses likely represents a trade-off.
HTCL-DDI: a hierarchical triple-view contrastive learning framework for drug–drug interaction prediction
Authors: Zhang Ran , Wang Xuezhi , Wang Pengfei , Meng Zhen , Cui Wenjuan , Zhou Yuanchun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Drug–drug interaction (DDI) prediction can discover potential risks of drug combinations in advance by detecting drug pairs that are likely to interact with each other, sparking an increasing demand for computational methods of DDI prediction. However, existing computational DDI methods mostly rely on the single-view paradigm, failing to handle the complex features and intricate patterns of DDIs due to the limited expressiveness of the single view. To this end, we propose a Hierarchical Triple-view Contrastive Learning framework for Drug–Drug Interaction prediction (HTCL-DDI), leveraging the molecular, structural and semantic views to model the complicated information involved in DDI prediction. To aggregate the intra-molecular compositional and structural information, we present a dual attention-aware network in the molecular view. Based on the molecular view, to further capture inter-molecular information, we utilize the one-hop neighboring information and high-order semantic relations in the structural view and semantic view, respectively. Then, we introduce contrastive learning to enhance drug representation learning from multifaceted aspects and improve the robustness of HTCL-DDI. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on three real-world datasets. All the experimental results show the significant improvement of HTCL-DDI over the state-of-the-art methods, which also demonstrates that HTCL-DDI opens new avenues for ensuring medication safety and identifying synergistic drug combinations.
A risk assessment framework for multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using machine learning and mass spectrometry technology
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Pang Yuxuan , Chung Chia-Ru , Wang Hsin-Yao , Cui Haiyan , Chiang Ying-Chih , Horng Jorng-Tzong , Lu Jang-Jih , Lee Tzong-Yi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a critical global crisis that poses a serious threat to public health, particularly with the rise of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Accurate assessment of drug resistance is essential for appropriate treatment and prevention of transmission of these deadly pathogens. Early detection of drug resistance in patients is critical for providing timely treatment and reducing the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to develop a novel risk assessment framework for S. aureus that can accurately determine the resistance to multiple antibiotics. The comprehensive 7-year study involved ˃20 000 isolates with susceptibility testing profiles of six antibiotics. By incorporating mass spectrometry and machine learning, the study was able to predict the susceptibility to four different antibiotics with high accuracy. To validate the accuracy of our models, we externally tested on an independent cohort and achieved impressive results with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0. 94, 0.90, 0.86 and 0.91, and an area under the precision–recall curve of 0.93, 0.87, 0.87 and 0.81, respectively, for oxacillin, clindamycin, erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In addition, the framework evaluated the level of multidrug resistance of the isolates by using the predicted drug resistance probabilities, interpreting them in the context of a multidrug resistance risk score and analyzing the performance contribution of different sample groups. The results of this study provide an efficient method for early antibiotic decision-making and a better understanding of the multidrug resistance risk of S. aureus.
Mutational signature assignment heterogeneity is widespread and can be addressed by ensemble approaches
Authors: Wu Andy J , Perera Akila , Kularatnarajah Linganesan , Korsakova Anna , Pitt Jason J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Single-base substitution (SBS) mutational signatures have become standard practice in cancer genomics. In lieu of de novo signature extraction, reference signature assignment allows users to estimate the activities of pre-established SBS signatures within individual malignancies. Several tools have been developed for this purpose, each with differing methodologies. However, due to a lack of standardization, there may be inter-tool variability in signature assignment. We deeply characterized three assignment strategies and five SBS signature assignment tools. We observed that assignment strategy choice can significantly influence results and interpretations. Despite varying recommendations by tools, Refit performed best by reducing overfitting and maximizing reconstruction of the original mutational spectra. Even after uniform application of Refit, tools varied remarkably in signature assignments both qualitatively (Jaccard index = 0.38–0.83) and quantitatively (Kendall tau-b = 0.18–0.76). This phenomenon was exacerbated for ‘flat’ signatures such as the homologous recombination deficiency signature SBS3. An ensemble approach (EnsembleFit), which leverages output from all five tools, increased SBS3 assignment accuracy in BRCA1/2-deficient breast carcinomas. After generating synthetic mutational profiles for thousands of pan-cancer tumors, EnsembleFit reduced signature activity assignment error 15.9–24.7% on average using Catalogue of Somatic Mutations In Cancer and non-standard reference signature sets. We have also released the EnsembleFit web portal (https://www.ensemblefit.pittlabgenomics.com) for users to generate or download ensemble-based SBS signature assignments using any strategy and combination of tools. Overall, we show that signature assignment heterogeneity across tools and strategies is non-negligible and propose a viable, ensemble solution.
Genomic data resolve phylogenetic relationships of Australian mat-rushes,Lomandra(Asparagaceae: Lomandroideae)
Authors: Gunn Bee F , Murphy Daniel J , Walsh Neville G , Conran John G , Pires J Chris , Macfarlane Terry D , Crisp Michael D , Cook Lyn G , Birch Joanne L 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLomandra is the largest genus in Asparagaceae subfamily Lomandroideae and possesses economic, ecological, and ethnobotanical significance in Australia. Lomandra comprises four sections, L. section Capitatae, L. section Macrostachya, L. section Typhopsis and L. section Lomandra, the latter comprising series Lomandra and series Sparsiflorae, all recognized based solely on morphology. In this study, phylogenetic relationships were estimated for 79 Lomandroideae individuals, including 45 Lomandra species and subspecies (c. 63% of species and subspecies diversity). We generated genome-scale plastome sequence data and used maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria for phylogenetic estimation. Lomandra was non-monophyletic, with Xerolirion divaricata nested within it. Two major clades were recovered: Capitatae–Macrostachya (CM) and Lomandra–Typhopsis (LT). The CM clade included a monophyletic Lomandra section Capitatae with a base chromosome number x = 7, and L. section Macrostachya (x = 8); the LT clade included L. sections Typhopsis and Lomandra, both x = 8. Section Lomandra series Lomandra and series Sparsiflorae were both recovered as non-monophyletic. Morphological characters were assessed to identify combinations of characters that characterize clades. A base chromosome number of x = 8 was plesiomorphic for Lomandra. The largest number of Lomandra species occupy the Mediterranean ecoregion and occupancy of sclerophyll vegetation was reconstructed as ancestral for the genus.
Balancing selection shapes population differentiation of major histocompatibility complex genes in wild golden snub-nosed monkeys
Authors: Dong Shixuan , Zhang Bingyi , Huang Kang , Ying Meijing , Yan Jibing , Niu Fei , Hu Hanyu , Dunn Derek W , Ren Yi , Li Baoguo , Zhang Pei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Small and isolated populations face several intrinsic risks, such as genetic drift, inbreeding depression, and reduced gene flow. Thus, patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation have become an important focus of conservation genetics research. The golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana, an endangered species endemic to China, has experienced rapid reduction in population size and severe population fragmentation over the past few decades. We measured the patterns of genetic diversity and population differentiation using both neutral microsatellites and adaptive major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in 2 R. roxellana populations (DPY and GNG) distributed on the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains, respectively. Eight MHC-linked haplotypes formed by 5 DQA1 alleles, 5 DQB1 alleles, 5 DRB1 alleles, and 4 DRB2 alleles were detected in the 2 populations. The larger GNG population showed higher genetic variation for both MHC and microsatellites than the smaller DPY population, suggesting an effect of genetic drift on genetic variation. Genetic differentiation index (FST) outlier analyses, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and inferred population genetic structure showed lower genetic differentiation in the MHC variations than microsatellites, suggesting that pathogen-mediated balancing selection, rather than local adaptation, homogenized the MHC genes of both populations. This study indicates that both balancing selection and genetic drift may shape genetic variation and differentiation in small and fragmented populations.
Predictive value of the thrombotic risk criteria proposed in the 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of ACS: insights from a large PCI registry
Authors: Spirito Alessandro , Cao Davide , Sartori Samantha , Sharma Ashutosh , Smith Kenneth F , Vogel Birgit , Kamaleldin Karim , Koshy Anoop N , Feng Yihan , Power David , Baber Usman , Krishnamoorthy Parasuram , Dangas George , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin K , Mehran Roxana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aim
To assess the value of the thrombotic risk criteria proposed in the 2023 guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to predict the ischaemic risk after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results
Consecutive patients with acute or chronic coronary syndrome undergoing PCI at a large tertiary-care center from 2014 to 2019 were included. Patients were stratified into low, moderate, or high thrombotic risk based on the ESC criteria. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at 1 year, a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Secondary endpoints included major bleeding. Among 11 787 patients, 2641 (22.4%) were at low-risk, 5286 (44.8%) at moderate risk, and 3860 (32.7%) at high-risk. There was an incremental risk of MACE at 1 year in patients at moderate (hazard ratios (HR) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78–3.58) and high-risk (HR 3.39, 95% CI 2.39–4.80) as compared to those at low-risk, due to higher rates of all-cause death and MI. Major bleeding rates were increased in high-risk patients (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.25–2.02), but similar between the moderate and low-risk group. The Harrell's C-index for MACE was 0.60.

Conclusion
The thrombotic risk criteria of the 2023 ESC guidelines for ACS enable to stratify patients undergoing PCI in categories with an incremental 1 year risk of MACE; however, their overall predictive ability for MACE is modest. Future studies should confirm the value of these criteria to identify patients benefiting from an extended treatment with a second antithrombotic agent.
Plant growth promoting activities of Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. isolated from the rhizosphere of Vachellia gummifera in Morocco
Authors: Bennis Meryeme , Kaddouri Koutar , Badaoui Bouabid , Bouhnik Omar , Chaddad Zohra , Perez-Tapia Vicente , Lamin Hanane , Alami Soufiane , Lamrabet Mouad , Abdelmoumen Hanaa , Bedmar Eulogio J , Missbah El Idrissi Mustapha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Moroccan endemic Vachellia gummifera grows wild under extreme desert conditions. This plant could be used as an alternative fodder for goats, and camels, in order to protect the Argan forests against overgrazing in Central and Southwestern Moroccan semiarid areas. With the aim to improve the V. gummifera population’s density in semiarid areas, we proposed its inoculation with performing plant growth-promoting bacteria. Hence, 500 bacteria were isolated from the plant rhizosphere. From these, 291 isolates were retained for plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities assessment. A total of 44 isolates showed the best phosphates solubilization potential, as well as siderophore and auxin production. The combination of REP–PCR (repetitive extragenic palindromic–polymerase chain reaction) fingerprinting, PGP activities, and phenotypic properties, allowed the selection of three strains for the inoculation experiments. The three selected strains’ 16S rRNA sequencing showed that they are members of the Enterobacter and Pseudomonas genera. The inoculation with three strains had diverse effects on V. gummifera growth parameters. All single and combined inoculations improved the plant shoot weight by more than 200%, and the root length by up to 139%, while some combinations further improved protein and chlorophyll content, thereby improving the plant’s forage value. The three selected strains constitute an effective inoculum for use in the arid and semiarid zones of southern Morocco.
Optimization of breeding program design through stochastic simulation with kernel regression
Authors: Hassanpour Azadeh , Geibel Johannes , Simianer Henner , Pook Torsten 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In recent years, breeding programs have increased significantly in size and complexity, with various highly interdependent parameters and many contrasting breeding goals. As a result, resource allocation in these programs has become more complex, and deriving an optimal breeding strategy has become increasingly challenging. To address this, a common practice is to reduce the optimization problem to a set of scenarios that differ only in a few parameters and can therefore be analyzed in detail. The goal of this article is to provide a framework for the numerical optimization of breeding programs that goes beyond the simple comparison of scenarios. For this, we first determine the space of potential breeding programs only limited by basic constraints like the budget and housing capacities. Subsequently, the goal is to identify the optimal breeding program by finding the parametrization that maximizes the target function by combining different breeding goals. To assess the value of the target function for a parametrization, we propose using stochastic simulations and the subsequent use of a kernel regression method to cope with the stochasticity of simulation outcomes. This procedure is performed iteratively to narrow down the most promising areas of the search space and perform more and more simulations in these areas of interest. In a simplified example applied to a dairy cattle program, our proposed framework has shown its ability to identify an optimal breeding strategy that aligns with a target function aiming at genetic gain and genetic diversity conservation limited by budget constraints.
Minority Stress and Psychosocial Influences on Cognitive Performance in Sexual Minority Older Adults
Authors: Manca Riccardo , Venneri Annalena 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Sexual minorities experience health inequalities, but little is known about differences in neurocognitive health between heterosexual and sexual minority older adults and potential risk factors. To investigate minority stress, depression, and marital status as risk factors for worse cognitive performance in sexual minority older adults.

Research Design and Methods
A total of 336 sexual minorities and 5,561 heterosexual participants aged 50+, noninstitutionalized, and free from neurodegenerative diseases from Wave 6 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing were included. Cognitive performance (i.e., temporal orientation, episodic memory, and fluid intelligence) of sexual minority and heterosexual older adults was compared using general linear models including age, sex, and education as covariates. The differential impact of minority stress, depressive symptoms, and marital status on cognition in the 2 groups were also tested. Analyses were weighted for sampling probability and differential nonresponse.

Results
Sexual minority participants were more likely to report minority stress and to be single but had better episodic memory than heterosexual participants. Depression and being single were associated with worse cognitive performance in both groups. However, minority stress was negatively associated (B = −2.116, p = .016) with fluid intelligence in the sexual minority group only.

Discussion and Implications
Better memory in sexual minority participants and a negative effect of risk factors on cognition are in line with previous studies. However, this study provides the first evidence of a potential negative impact of minority stress on cognitive performance in sexual minorities. Further investigations are needed to assess minority stress more in detail and clarify its potential mechanisms of action on cognition in sexual minorities.