bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational transmission of stress: Multi-domain stressors from maternal childhood and pregnancy predict children’s mental health in a racially and socioeconomically diverse, multi-site cohort
Authors: Bush Nicole R. , Noroña-Zhou Amanda , Coccia Michael , Rudd Kristen L. , Ahmad Shaikh I. , Loftus Christine T. , Swan Shanna H. , Nguyen Ruby H. N. , Barrett Emily S. , Tylavsky Frances A. , Mason W. Alex , Karr Catherine J. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , LeWinn Kaja Z. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Despite growing recognition that unfortunately common maternal stress exposures in childhood and pregnancy may have intergenerational impacts on children’s psychiatric health, studies rarely take a life course approach. With child psychopathology on the rise, the identification of modifiable risk factors is needed to promote maternal and child well-being. In this study, we examined associations of maternal exposure to childhood traumatic events (CTE) and pregnancy stressful life events (PSLE) with child mental health problems in a large, sociodemographically diverse sample.

Methods
Participants were mother–child dyads in the ECHO-PATHWAYS consortium’s harmonized data across three U.S. pregnancy cohorts. Women completed questionnaires regarding their own exposure to CTE and PSLE, and their 4–6-year-old child’s mental health problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Regression analyses estimated associations between stressors and child total behavior problems, adjusting for confounders.

Results
Among 1948 dyads (child age M = 5.13 (SD = 1.02) years; 38% Black, 44% White; 8.5% Hispanic), maternal history of CTE and PSLE were independently associated with children’s psychopathology: higher CTE and PSLE counts were related to higher total problems ([ßCTE = 0.11, 95% CI [.06, .16]; ßSLE = 0.21, 95% CI [.14, 0.27]) and greater odds of clinical levels of problems (ORCTE = 1.41; 95% CI [1.12, 1.78]; ORPSLE = 1.36; 95% CI [1.23, 1.51]). Tests of interaction showed PSLEs were more strongly associated with child problems for each additional CTE experienced.

Conclusion
Findings confirm that maternal exposure to CTE and PSLE are independently associated with child mental health, and history of CTE exacerbates the risk associated with PSLE, highlighting intergenerational risk pathways for early psychopathology. Given the prevalence of these exposures, prevention and intervention programs that reduce childhood trauma and stress during pregnancy will likely positively impact women’s and their children’s health.
A virtual stylus method for non-destructive roughness profile measurement of additive manufactured lattice structures
Authors: Downing David , Rogers Jason , Tino Rance , Elambasseril Joe , Wallbrink Chris , Qian Ma , Brandt Milan , Leary Martin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Surface roughness is traditionally evaluated with contact profilometry; however, these methods are not compatible with complex additive manufactured lattice structures due to limited physical access. For these scenarios, computed tomography (CT) is often used to provide qualitative insight into surface roughness but does not directly yield roughness profile data. This research describes a hybrid approach for the non-destructive quantification of roughness profile data for lattice structures based on the mathematical reconstruction and interpretation of CT data. Formal analyses are applied to propose the theoretical minimum CT voxel size required to characterise surface roughness for a specified sampling length. The method is verified against optical data for nominally flat metallic specimens and applied to metallic and polymeric cylinders fabricated by powder bed fusion and material extrusion respectively. This research also assesses the influence of CT reconstruction thresholding as a process variable and finds that roughness profile data is only weakly influenced by thresholding settings, due to scattering effects at the surface — a novel finding that provides certainty for the industrial application of this method. The ability of the proposed method to accurately characterise the inherent surface roughness of these processes as well as the effect of specimen orientation is thus demonstrated, enabling full geometric characterisation supporting subsequent certification analysis. The method can be algorithmically implemented in combination with the generative design of complex lattice structures to support structural certification requirements.
Valorisation of the invasive alga Rugulopteryx okamurae through the production of monomeric sugars
Authors: Agabo-García Cristina , Romero-García Luis I. , Álvarez-Gallego Carlos J. , Blandino Ana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rugulopteryx okamurae is an invasive brown alga causing severe environmental and economic problems on the western Mediterranean coasts. Thus, in addition to the difficulties caused to the fishing and tourism sectors, there is a need to manage its accumulation on the beaches. This work aims to valorise this waste by using it as raw material for producing monosaccharides through a two-stage sequential process. These sugars could be used for different fermentative processes to obtain high-value-added bioproducts. In this work, biological pretreatment of the previously conditioned seaweed with the fungus Aspergillus awamori in solid-state fermentation (SSF), followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with a commercial enzyme cocktail, was performed. The effect of the extension of the biological pretreatment (2, 5, 8 and 12 days) on the subsequent release of total reducing sugars (TRS) in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage was studied. To analyse this effect, experimental data of TRS produced along the hydrolysis were fitted to simple first-order kinetics. Also, the secretion of cellulase and alginate lyase by the fungus, along with the biological pretreatment, was determined. The results suggest that 5 days of biological pretreatment of the macroalgae with A. awamori followed by enzymatic saccharification for 24 h with Cellic CTec2® (112 FP units/g of dry biomass) are the best conditions tested, allowing the production of around 240 g of TRS per kg of dried biomass. The main sugars obtained were glucose (95.8 %) and mannitol (1.5 %), followed by galactose (1 %), arabinose (0.9 %) and fucose (0.5 %).

Key points
• Five-day SSF by A. awamori was the best condition to pretreat R. okamurae.
• Five-day SSF was optimal for alginate lyase production (1.63 ±0.011 IU/g biomass).
• A maximum yield of 239 mg TRS/g biomass was obtained (with 95.8 % glucose).

Graphical Abstract
Eigenmode analysis of the multiple temperature model: spectrum properties, hierarchical structures, and temperature inversion
Authors: Katow Hiroki , Ishikawa Kenichi L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent developments of ultrafast laser pulse techniques enable us to study the subpicosecond scale dynamics out of thermal equilibrium. Multiple temperature models (MTMs) are frequently used to describe such dynamics where the total system is divided into subsystems each of which is in local thermal equilibrium. Typical examples include the electron-lattice two temperature model and electron-spin-phonon three temperature model. We present the exact analytical solutions of linear MTM, based on the Fourier series expansion and the Green’s function method. We then discuss their properties for the case of the two and three temperature models. We show that the general solution of MTM is expressed as a linear combinations of a spatially uniform, single-temperature stationary mode and the other non-oscillatory, decaying “eigenmodes” characterized by different wave vectors and well-defined mode lifetimes. The eigenmode picture enables us to explore the hierarchical structure of models with respect to space, time and the coupling parameter. Excitation by source term is included by the Green’s function method. As an example, we derive an analytical solution for a Gaussian type source term. We report a phenomenon “temperature inversion” where the lattice temperature exceeds electron’s temperature for ns time scale. Furthermore, we show how physical requirements such as energy conservation and equilibration are realized in the general linear MTM in terms of the eigenmode picture.
Glans dehiscence after severe hypospadias repair. Is it a real complication? Clues from a study in post-pubertal patients
Authors: Durante Ludovica , Ghidini Filippo , Panchieri Francesco , Bovolenta Eleonora , Bagnara Vincenzo , Esposito Ciro , Castagnetti Marco 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Glans dehiscence (GD) is reportedly a common complication after proximal hypospadias repairs. However, the need for surgical correction is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess awareness, risk factors, and outcome of GD in post-pubertal patients. The agreement with surgeon assessment was also evaluated.

Methods
The design was retrospective. All consecutive patients treated for proximal hypospadias between 2000 and 2011 were included. The presence of GD was self-reported, and the participants could optionally upload a photograph for surgeon assessment. Cosmetic and functional outcomes were assessed by validated questionnaires (HOSE, PPPS, KINDL®, IIEF-5). Results were compared between patients with and without GD.

Results
Of 219 patients, 34 (16%) participated. Fourteen of them (41%) self-reported GD. Eighteen patients (8%) also uploaded a photograph and, in ten of them (56%), the surgeon noted the presence of GD with poor agreement [k = − 0.444 (95 CI − 0.856 to − 0.033)] with patient report. Patients self-reporting GD had had more frequently a penile curvature at diagnosis (12/14 = 86%, p = 0.01), and had undergone a single-staged repair (100% vs. 65%, p = 0.03). No difference was found in cosmetic and functional outcomes. Results were similar also comparing groups with and without GD as assessed by the surgeon.

Conclusion
GD was a common finding after severe hypospadias repair. It was more common in case of surgeon assessment with poor agreement between patients and surgeons. GD did not prove to have clear clinical implications. Therefore, in our opinion, surgical repair of GD should be recommended only on patients request.
Absence of zeros implies strong spatial mixing
Authors: Regts Guus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper we show that absence of complex zeros of the partition function of the hard-core model on any family of bounded degree graphs that is closed under taking induced subgraphs implies that the associated probability measure, the hard-core measure, satisfies strong spatial mixing on that family. As a corollary we obtain that the hard-core measure on the family of bounded degree claw-free graphs satisfies strong spatial mixing for every value of the fugacity parameter. We furthermore derive strong spatial mixing for graph homomorphism measures from absence of zeros of the graph homomorphism partition function.
Iatrogenic lumbosacral infiltration with petroleum (hydrodesulfurized heavy) with secondary intrathecal distribution—a case report
Authors: Muruato-Araiza Fernando , Oekenpöhler Simon , Wagner Nana-Maria , Förster Petra , Warneke Nils , Holling Markus , Mannil Manoj , Grauer Oliver Martin , Stummer Walter , Brokinkel Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPetroleum is commonly used as a solvent, and primary intrathecal administration or secondary diffusion and subsequent clinical management has not been reported. We report the case of a male patient with intrathecal petroleum diffusion following accidental lumbar infiltration. After the onset of secondary myeloencephalopathy with coma and tetraparesis, continuous cranio-lumbar irrigation using an external ventricular and a lumbar drain was established. Cranial imaging revealed distinct supra- and infratentorial alterations. The patient improved slowly and was referred to rehabilitation. Intrathecal petroleum leads to myeloencephalopathy and continuous cranio-lumbar irrigation might be a safe treatment option.
Stressfulness of the design influences consistency of cognitive measures and their correlation with animal personality traits in wild mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Delacoux Mathilde , Guenther Anja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndividual variation in cognition is being increasingly recognized as an important evolutionary force but contradictory results so far hamper a general understanding of consistency and association with other behaviors. Partly, this might be caused by external factors imposed by the design. Stress, for example, is known to influence cognition, with mild stress improving learning abilities, while strong or chronic stress impairs them. Also, there might be intraspecific variation in how stressful a given situation is perceived. We investigated two personality traits (stress coping and voluntary exploration), spatial learning with two mazes, and problem-solving in low- and high-stress tests with a group of 30 female wild mice(Mus musculus domesticus). For each test, perceived stress was assessed by measuring body temperature change with infrared thermography, a new non-invasive method that measures skin temperature as a proxy of changes in the sympathetic system activity. While spatial learning and problem-solving were found to be repeatable traits in mice in earlier studies, none of the learning measures were significantly repeatable between the two stress conditions in our study, indicating that the stress level impacts learning. We found correlations between learning and personality traits; however, they differed between the two stress conditions and between the cognitive tasks, suggesting that different mechanisms underlie these processes. These findings could explain some of the contradictory findings in the literature and argue for very careful design of cognitive test setups to draw evolutionary implications.
Not myopathic, but autonomic changes in patients with long-COVID syndrome: a case series
Authors: Bocci Tommaso , Bertini Alessandro , Campiglio Laura , Botta Stefano , Libelli Giorgia , Guidetti Matteo , Priori Alberto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Neurological sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection still represent a serious concern both for neurologists and neuroscientists. In our paper, we investigated pain, myalgia, and fatigue as symptoms in long-COVID patients with an electrophysiological approach, comprising the evaluation of sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) and quantitative electromyography (qEMG).

Materials and methods
Twelve patients were enrolled (mean age, 47.7 ± 11.6 years), referred to our attention because of myalgia, pain, or muscle cramps, which persisted about 6 months after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. They underwent conventional electroneurography (ENG), needle electromyography (EMG), and SSRs; moreover, qEMG was performed by sampling at least 20 motor unit potentials (20–30 MUPs) during weak voluntary contraction in deltoid and tibialis anterior muscles. The mean duration, amplitude, and percentage of polyphasic potentials were assessed and compared with healthy and age-matched volunteers.

Results
ENG did not disclose significant changes compared to healthy subjects; needle EMG did not reveal denervation activity. In addition, qEMG showed MUPs similar to those recorded in healthy volunteers in terms of polyphasia (deltoid: p = 0.24; TA: p = 0.35), MUP area (deltoid: p = 0.45; TA: p = 0.44), mean duration (deltoid: p = 0.06; TA: p = 0.45), and amplitude (deltoid: p = 0.27; TA: p = 0.63). SSRs were not recordable from lower limbs in seven patients (58%) and from the upper ones in three of them (25%).

Conclusion
Our data suggest an involvement of the autonomic system, with a focus on cholinergic efferent sympathetic activity, without any evidence of myopathic changes.
Development of a Transformation System for Nitratireductor sp.
Authors: Maeda Hiroto , Hirata Yuto , Takahashi Hirokazu , Watanabe Kenshi , Aki Tsunehiro , Okamura Yoshiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNitratireductor sp. OM-1 can accumulate butenoic acid, which is a short-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid utilized for chemical products. So far, we have predicted the thioesterase gene, te, as a candidate gene for butenoic acid biosynthesis, based on comparative transcriptome analysis. To confirm the function of te, the gene transfer system in Nitratireductor sp. OM-1 was required. Thus, in this study, we used electroporation as a transformation system and pRK415, a broad host range plasmid, and optimized the conditions. As a result, a maximum transformation efficiency of 7.9 × 104 colonies/µg DNA was obtained at 22.5 kV/cm. Moreover, an expression vector, pRK415-te, was constructed by insertion of te, which was successfully transferred into strain OM-1, using electroporation. The recombinant OM-1 strain produced butenoic acid at 26.7 mg/g of dried cell weight, which was a 254% increase compared to transformants harboring an empty vector. This is the first report of a gene transfer system for Nitratireductor sp., which showed that the te gene was responsible for butenoic acid production.
Forest bathing and hiking benefits for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mediterranean regions
Authors: Muro Anna , Mateo Corel , Parrado Eva , Subirana-Malaret Montse , Moya Montserrat , Garriga Adrià , Canals Josep , Chamarro Andrés , Sanz Antoni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractForest bathing (FB) has evidenced positive effects on individuals’ mental health and well-being, but its benefits have mainly been studied in Asian biomes. The present study aimed to evaluate whether its benefits are also generalisable to other forests and biomes of the world, such as the Mediterranean. Eighty-six healthy adults of the general population were assessed before and after a FB near Barcelona (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A control-hiking group of participants was also analysed to contrast the FB effects on anxiety, affect, mood states and mindfulness. Results show that the guided practice of FB in Mediterranean-Catalan forests increases mindfulness states and positive affect and reduces anxiety and negative affect, with effect sizes being large to very large. Hiking also induced significant changes in all variables tested, but FB showed higher effect sizes. An exploratory analysis also revealed a different profile of the FB participants compared to the hiking practitioners, being highly educated women living in urban areas and with lower basal levels of psychological well-being. Accordingly, it is concluded that both Mediterranean FB and hiking (to a lesser degree) might be cost-effective strategies to promote and restore psychological well-being after the COVID-19 pandemic and to promote sustainable tourism in Mediterranean biomes of the European forested and protected areas.
Influence of local site effects on seismic risk maps and ranking of Italian municipalities
Authors: Sabetta Fabio , Fiorentino Gabriele , Bocchi Flavio , Sinibaldi Martina , Falcone Gaetano , Mendicelli Amerigo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe latest studies concerning seismic risk assessment in Italy were developed without considering the site geo-lithological effects, thus limiting the assessment to rock soil type. In this study, for the evaluation of site amplification effects, we used the results of recent works based on the Italian seismic microzonation data. As this first study is performed for the entire Italian territory at the municipality scale, the site amplification factors (AFs) have been assigned to the chief town of each of the 7715 Italian municipalities, assuming that the building stock is concentrated in that small area. The AFs have been compared with those foreseen by the Italian building code (NTC2018). The PGA amplification with the new AFs ranges from 1 to 2.2 bringing to an average increase of 75% in the hazard, compared to 27% if using the NTC2018 amplification. The seismic risk has been evaluated using the probabilistic hazard assessment adopted in the NTC2018 and recent vulnerability/exposure models developed for Italy. The residential building stock was subdivided into 5 vulnerability classes (3 for masonry and 2 for concrete) derived from the national census data and further refined using the construction age and building height. The results show that, for a rock site condition, the loss estimates are comparable with those of previous works in terms of casualties, homeless, and economic damage. The introduction of the site effects brings to a significant increase in the expected losses resulting higher than the historical data retrieved from a careful analysis of the major Italian earthquakes. This suggests the importance of developing new fragility curves based on updated AFs. To support the implementation of risk reduction programs, a seismic risk index is introduced, allowing a municipality ranking by risk, a cost estimation of the seismic retrofitting in the highest risk municipalities, and an assessment of the consequent risk reduction.
“It is Very Difficult for us to Separate Ourselves from this System”: Views of European Researchers, Research Managers, Administrators and Governance Advisors on Structural and Institutional Influences on Research Integrity
Authors: Kennedy Mari-Rose , Deans Zuzana , Ampollini Ilaria , Breit Eric , Bucchi Massimiano , Seppel Külliki , Vie Knut Jørgen , Meulen Ruud ter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch integrity is fundamental to the validity and reliability of scientific findings, and for ethical conduct of research. As part of PRINTEGER (Promoting Integrity as an Integral Dimension of Excellence in Research), this study explores the views of researchers, research managers, administrators, and governance advisors in Estonia, Italy, Norway and UK, focusing specifically on their understanding of institutional and organisational influences on research integrity.A total of 16 focus groups were conducted. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that competition is pervasive and appeared in most themes relating to integrity. The structural frameworks for research such as funding, evaluation and publication were thought to both protect and, more commonly, undermine integrity. In addition, institutional systems, including workload and research governance, shaped participants’ day-to-day work environment, also affecting research integrity. Participants also provided ideas for promoting research integrity, including training, and creating conditions that would be supportive of research integrity.These findings support a shift away from individual blame and towards the need for structural and institutional changes, including organisations in the wider research environment, for example funding bodies and publishing companies.
Spirituality and the Use of Psychoactive Substances: The Perspective of Polish Students
Authors: Chrost Marzena , Chrost Sławomir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of the article is to examine and analyze the correlation between the spirituality of Polish students and their use of psychoactive substances. The main research problem has been formulated as follows: What is the relationship between students’ spirituality and their use of selected psychoactive substances? The empirical research used the diagnostics survey method with the questionnaire technique and ASP (Aspects of Spirituality) scales. The study was carried out from November 2021 to December of the same year. The participants included 1348 Polish students from Krakow academies and universities. Based on the results of statistical tests, the hypothesis on the correlation between the students’ spirituality and their use of selected psychoactive substances was verified and accepted. Students with higher levels of spirituality (the protective factor) use psychoactive substances less frequently and in smaller quantities. Therefore, it was concluded that spirituality is a protective factor in young peoples’ lives. Some implications for student education are noted.