bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithm design of a Rubik metamaterial for sextuple orbital angular momentums
Authors: Yang Xiaokun , Li Jingjing , Zhang Xueheng , Yang Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis letter presents a Rubik metamaterial with sextuple orbital angular momentum (OAM) capabilities. The design is based on a comprehensive algorithm that draws inspiration from the Rubik's cube. This metamaterial can generate multiple phased vortex waves using only one model and is easily constructed from metallic blocks with varying heights. The performance of the metamaterial is verified at 18 GHz with a gain of over 30 dB. A faster verification process is achieved using an automated program based on macroscript for height‐adjusted Rubik metamaterials, which is more efficient than manual operations. By calculating the purity of the sextuple OAMs, it can be determined that the Rubik model is capable of generating multiple phased vortex wave beams as effectively as possible. This Rubik metamaterial has potential applications in experimental and educational settings, particularly with the growing trend in three‐dimensional printing.
Occupational needle stick injuries and related factors among healthcare workers in military hospitals in Tehran
Authors: Sepandi Mojtaba , Alimohamadi Yousef , Afrashteh Sima , Rashti Roya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimHealthcare workers (HCWs) are always at risk of experiencing occupational needle stick injuries (NSIs). The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NSIs among Iranian HCWs in military hospitals in Tehran.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in four military hospitals in the summer of 2019 in Tehran.MethodBy Census, 802 HCWs were included. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of vaccination history, safety equipment, use of safety box, history of NSIs and demographic variables. The logistics regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical significance level was set at 5%. The data were analysed using the SPSS software version 23.ResultsA total of 203 (25.3%, CI: 22.3–28.4) of the participants reported a history of NSIs at least once during the past year. Single HCWs had a higher risk of NSIs compared to married HCWs (OR: 1.59, 95% CI (1.09, 2.30)). Also, the night shift working (OR: 1.91, 95% CI (1.18, 3.12)), higher educational degree (OR: 2.25, 95% CI (1.21, 4.20)), working overtime (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: (1.07, 2.12)), older age (OR: 1.02, 95% CI (1.01, 1.04)) and needle recapping (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: (1.98, 4.22)) were identified as significant associated factors. The study draws attention to a relatively high prevalence of NSIs as well as high‐risk activities among military HCWs. The primary source of NSIs is needle recapping. Measures such as setting up training courses for the military HCWs are needed to be planned.
Student performance on mathematics CBMs across paper and tablet modalities
Authors: Reynolds Jennifer L. , Aspiranti Kathleen B. , Henze Erin E. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTablet‐based technology has become a conduit for the administration of curriculum‐based measurement (CBM) tools. Using tablets to administer CBM probes has many advantages; however, little is known about how students perform on CBMs when administered via a tablet. The current investigation compared digits correct per minute obtained from 44 third‐grade students on CBM addition fluency probes administered via three different modalities. Students completed the probes using traditional paper and pencil, a tablet using their fingers to write the answer, or a tablet application using a keyboard to type the answer. A within‐subjects group design showed students performed significantly better on the tablet when using their finger to write the answer, even though most students (58%) indicated this was their least preferred modality. The discussion focuses on the implications for educators and the use of different CBM modalities for interindividual and intraindividual comparisons.
Effect of physical therapy timing on patient‐reported outcomes for individuals with acute low back pain: A systematic review with meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: McDevitt Amy W. , Cooper Catherine G. , Friedrich Jason M. , Anderson Dustin J. M. , Arnold Elizabeth A. , Clewley Derek J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review with meta‐analysis was to investigate the effect of early physical therapy (PT) for the management of acute low back pain (LBP) on patient‐reported outcomes of pain and disability, compared to delayed PT or non‐PT care.Literature SurveyRandomized controlled trials in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase) were searched from inception to June 12, 2020, and updated on September 23, 2021.MethodologyEligible participants were individuals with acute low back pain. The intervention was early PT compared to delayed PT or non‐PT care. Primary outcomes included the patient‐reported outcomes of pain and disability. The following information was extracted from included articles: demographic data, sample size, selection criteria, PT interventions, and pain and disability outcomes. Data were extracted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Random effects models were used for the meta‐analysis.SynthesisSeven of 391 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. Random effects meta‐analysis comparing early PT to non‐PT care for acute LBP indicated a significant reduction in pain (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.69 to −0.17) and disability (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI: −0.57 to −0.16) in the short term. Early PT compared to delayed PT did not result in improvement in short‐term pain (SMD = −0.24, 95% CI: −0.52 to 0.04) or disability (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI: −0.56 to 0.01), or long‐term pain (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.57) or disability (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.42).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest early PT versus non‐PT care is associated with statistically significant reductions in short‐term pain and disability (up to 6 weeks) with small effect sizes. The results indicate a nonsignificant trend favoring a small benefit of early PT over delayed PT for outcomes at short‐term follow‐up but no effect at long‐term follow‐up (6 months or greater).
Interspecific and intraspecific variation in susceptibility of two co‐occurring pest thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips palmi, to nine insecticides
Authors: Shen Xiu‐Jing , Chen Jin‐Cui , Cao Li‐Jun , Ma Zhong‐Zheng , Sun Li‐Na , Gao Yong‐Fu , Ma Li‐Jun , Wang Jia‐Xu , Ren Ya‐Jing , Cao Hua‐Qian , Gong Ya‐Jun , Hoffmann Anthony Ary , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDField control of pest thrips mainly relies on insecticides, but the toxicity of insecticides can vary among thrips species and populations. In this study, we examined the susceptibility of multiple field populations of two thrips pests, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Thrips palmi, that often co‐occur on vegetables, to nine insecticides belonging to seven subgroups.RESULTSThe highest level of variation in susceptibility among F. occidentalis populations was for spinetoram (73.92 fold difference between most resistant and most susceptible population), followed by three neonicotinoids (8.06–15.99 fold), while among T. palmi populations, it was also for spinetoram (257.19 fold), followed by emamectin benzoate, sulfoxaflor, and acetamiprid (23.64–45.50 fold). These findings suggest evolved resistance to these insecticides in some populations of the two thrips. One population of F. occidentalis had a particularly high level of resistance overall, being the most resistant for five of the nine insecticides tested. Likewise, a population of T. palmi had high resistance to all nine insecticides, again suggesting the evolution of resistance to multiple chemicals. For F. occidentalis, the LC95 values of most populations were higher than the field‐recommended dosage for all insecticides except chlorfenapyr and emamectin benzoate. For several T. palmi populations, the LC95 values also tended to be higher than recommended dosages, except in the case of emamectin benzoate and spinetoram.CONCLUSIONSOur study found interspecific and intraspecific variations in the susceptibility of two thrips to nine insecticides and multiple resistance in some populations, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and resistance management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A rare case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis mimicking flare of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tiwana Areeb , Tiwana Maida , Wang Jiang , Khawar Muhammad Umair 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys are endemic to histoplasmosis. It is usually self‐limiting in immunocompetent people, but it can cause morbidity and mortality if not detected early in people with an underlying autoimmune disease. Disseminated Histoplasmosis induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) mimicking the flare of an underlying autoimmune disease, is uncommon in the published literature. Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) can cause multiorgan involvement, especially in a patient with an underlying autoimmune disease. We present the case of a 24‐year‐old female with HLH who was initially treated as a flare of autoimmune disease but later etiology was confirmed as disseminated histoplasmosis on bone marrow histopathological examination.
Quality by Design approach for a planar chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of Ivabradine Hydrochloride and Carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Chadha Hiteshi , Parmar Rajesh , Shah Purvi , Patel Kalpana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBox‐Behnken design was applied for the development of a novel, precise, simple, and accurate high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of mentioned drugs in the formulation. Optimization was performed using Quality by Design. Principles of risk assessment followed by application of design for optimization of chromatographic conditions to determine critical parameters: volume of hexane, chamber saturation time, solvent front and their effects on critical method attributes: Rf values of both drugs. Optimized conditions were determined through Derringer's desirability approach of the multi‐criteria decision‐making technique. Good resolution using optimized mobile phase, hexane:ethyl acetate:ammonium acetate in methanol (5.1:3:2) with Rf values 0.34 and 0.67 for Ivabradine Hydrochloride and Carvedilol, respectively, was obtained. The method was validated as per International Council on Harmonization having a linear range of 1000–5000 ng/band of Ivabradine and 1250–6250 ng/band for Carvedilol, respectively. %Recovery was in range of 99.23–101.3 and 99.8–100.5, respectively. Precision and robustness were found to be in an acceptable range. Thus, Quality by Design based method development assisted in making design space with knowledge of all method performance characteristics with a better understanding of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography. The Analytical GREEnness profile was assessed using AGREE tool with an overall reliable score of 0.68.
Size effect on dynamic compressive failure mode and mechanical properties of recycled concrete
Authors: Liu Chunyang , Gao Yingqi , Luan Kaiye , Su Jing , Lin Yuying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to study the size effect behavior of recycled concrete under dynamic compression load, a meso‐scale model of recycled concrete was established. The particle size of coarse aggregate, replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate, and section size were used as parameters to explore the mechanical properties of recycled concrete under uniaxial dynamic compression load, such as failure mode, compressive strength, peak strain, and residual strength. The effects of strain rate, particle size of recycled coarse aggregate, and replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate on the size effect of dynamic compression of recycled concrete were further analyzed. The results showed that under uniaxial dynamic compression load, the damage degree of recycled concrete deep and along with the change of the strain rate change, recycled concrete dynamic compression strength and strain rate were positively correlated. There is the critical strain rate is 1/s, which weaken the influence of the size effect, when the strain rate reaches 10/s, the dynamic compressive strength of recycled concrete increases with the increase of section size. At the same time, when the strain rate is high, the particle size of recycled coarse aggregate and the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate have little effect on the size effect behavior of recycled concrete.
Organocatalytic Synthesis of Chiral Halogenated Compounds
Authors: Shibatomi Kazutaka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis account summarizes our recent efforts in the enantioselective organocatalytic synthesis of chiral halogenated compounds. The enantioselective α‐halogenation of aldehydes, decarboxylative chlorination of β‐keto acids, and enantioselective C−C bond formation at the trifluoromethylated prochiral carbon to yield the corresponding organohalides with chlorinated, fluorinated, or trifluoromethylated chiral stereogenic centers are discussed. We applied common organocatalysts, such as Jørgensen‐Hayashi catalyst and cinchona alkaloid‐derivatived catalyst, and developed novel chiral amine catalysts for these reactions. This account also discusses stereospecific derivatizations of the resulting chiral halogenated compounds via nucleophilic substitution. Thus, we synthesized many novel chiral compounds that have not been reported, even as racemates.
The effectiveness of goreisan, for gestational edema and amniotic fluid decrease
Authors: Makimoto Fukashi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveOrdinarily, a diuretic uniformly performs diuresis of body water and decreases it. When a diuretic is used for gestational edema, blood vessel dehydration and amniotic fluid are expected to decrease. This may be rather harmful for the gestational prognosis. Goreisan's mechanism of efficacy is different from that of ordinary diuretics. The results of treating gestational edema and amniotic fluid reduction with goreisan were studied. Whether goreisan is helpful for improving gestational prognosis was studied.Clinical resultsGoreisan is effective in the treatment of gestational edema. During edematous treatment, goreisan exhibits a diuretic effect. After edema has improved, goreisan does not exhibit a compulsory diuresis effect. These effects were ascertained by examining the change in the expectant mother's weight. Goreisan appeared to normalize the gross body water volume. In the presence of edema, a reduction in the amniotic fluid volume was often apparent after 36 weeks of gestation. Treatment of gestational edema by goreisan prevented the reduction of the amniotic fluid volume. Maximum vertical pocket (MVP) changes before and after treatment with goreisan for oligohydramnios were studied. Goreisan prospectively appeared to exhibit a therapeutic effect on oligohydramnios.ConclusionGoreisan contributes to improvement in the prognosis of the course of gestation. Goreisan, rather than diuretics, corrects the maldistribution of body water. Only Kampo medicine has these activities for water metabolism. Ordinary diuretics cannot be substituted for these medicines.
Microneedle‐assisted transdermal delivery of nanoparticles: Recent insights and prospects
Authors: Guillot Antonio José , Martínez‐Navarrete Miquel , Zinchuk‐Mironova Valeria , Melero Ana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransdermal delivery of drugs offers an interesting alternative for the administration of molecules that present certain troubles when delivered by the oral route. It can produce systemic effects or perform a local action when the formulation exerts an optimal controlled drug release or a targeted delivery to the specific cell type or site. It also avoids several inconveniences of the oral administration such as the hepatic first pass effect, gastric pH‐induced hydrolysis, drug malabsorption because of certain diseases or surgeries, and unpleasant organoleptic properties. Nanomedicine and microneedle array patches (MAPs) are two of the trendiest delivery systems applied to transdermal research nowadays. However, the skin is a protective barrier and nanoparticles (NPs) cannot pass through the intact stratum corneum. The association of NPs and MAPs (NPs@MAPs) work synergistically, since MAPs assist NPs to bypass the outer skin layers, and NPs contribute to the system providing controlled drug release and targeted delivery. Vaccination and tailored therapies have been proposed as fields where both NPs and MAPs have great potential due to inherent characteristics. MAPs conception and easy use could allow self‐administration and therefore facilitate mass vaccination campaigns in undeveloped areas with weak healthcare services. Additionally, nanomedicine is being explored as a platform to personalize therapies in such an important field as oncology. In this work we show recent insights that prove the benefits of NPs@MAPs association and analyze the prospects and the discrete interest of the industry in NPs@MAPs, evaluating different limiting steps that restricts NPs@MAPs translation to the clinical practice.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > NA
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > NA
Utilizing functional cell‐free extracts to dissect ribonucleoprotein complex biology at single‐molecule resolution
Authors: Duran Elizabeth , Schmidt Andreas , Welty Robb , Jalihal Ameya P. , Pitchiaya Sethuramasundaram , Walter Nils G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCellular machineries that drive and regulate gene expression often rely on the coordinated assembly and interaction of a multitude of proteins and RNA together called ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). As such, it is challenging to fully reconstitute these cellular machines recombinantly and gain mechanistic understanding of how they operate and are regulated within the complex environment that is the cell. One strategy for overcoming this challenge is to perform single molecule fluorescence microscopy studies within crude or recombinantly supplemented cell extracts. This strategy enables elucidation of the interaction and kinetic behavior of specific fluorescently labeled biomolecules within RNPs under conditions that approximate native cellular environments. In this review, we describe single molecule fluorescence microcopy approaches that dissect RNP‐driven processes within cellular extracts, highlighting general strategies used in these methods. We further survey biological advances in the areas of pre‐mRNA splicing and transcription regulation that have been facilitated through this approach. Finally, we conclude with a summary of practical considerations for the implementation of the featured approaches to facilitate their broader future implementation in dissecting the mechanisms of RNP‐driven cellular processes.This article is categorized under:
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
Physiological and engineered tRNA aminoacylation
Authors: Tijaro‐Bulla Santiago , Nyandwi Samuel Protais , Cui Haissi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases form the protein family that controls the interpretation of the genetic code, with tRNA aminoacylation being the key chemical step during which an amino acid is assigned to a corresponding sequence of nucleic acids. In consequence, aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases have been studied in their physiological context, in disease states, and as tools for synthetic biology to enable the expansion of the genetic code. Here, we review the fundamentals of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase biology and classification, with a focus on mammalian cytoplasmic enzymes. We compile evidence that the localization of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases can be critical in health and disease. In addition, we discuss evidence from synthetic biology which made use of the importance of subcellular localization for efficient manipulation of the protein synthesis machinery.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Application of BIM Technology in Nuclear Power Construction Schedule Management
Authors: Yan Jiafu , Xie Yonghui , Zhou Zhigang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSchedule management is one of the important contents of nuclear power project management, which often leads to the lack of theoretical system due to the lack of sufficient information support. BIM technology provides a new solution for nuclear power project schedule management, ensures the effective linkage of all levels of schedule, reduces project delay and saves construction time. Combined with the theoretical basis of BIM and the characteristics of nuclear power project schedule management, this paper summarizes the application advantages of BIM technology in nuclear power construction schedule management.
Visualized Numerical Analysis of Fustar Reactor Based on Modelica Language
Authors: He Xuan’ang , Zhang Dalin , Wang Xiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFuSTAR is a new small fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor designed for the energy needs of remote western regions. The TRISO fuel and helical cruciform fuel elements used in FuSTAR and the integrated core design enables inherent safety. Modelica is a process description language based on object equations. It has key features such as non-causal expression and model reuse, which achieve repeatable visual modeling by connecting components. By modeling and simulating FuSTAR using the Modelica, studies were carried out under steady-state as well as multiple transients to understand the primary loop system response of FuSTAR under accident scenarios. The results show that the parameters of the primary loop system cannot exceed the safety limit with the insertion of step reactivity and after changing the size of the temperature coefficient of reactivity, the model can give a reasonable response.
Heat Pipe Temperature Oscillation Effects on Solid-State Reactor Operation
Authors: Ma Yugao , Zhao Yicheng , Yu Hongxing , Huang Shanfang , Deng Jian , Chai Xiaoming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe alkali metal heat pipes are the critical heat transfer elements in heat pipe cooled reactors. However, there are instabilities in heat pipes such as geyser boiling, resulting in temperature oscillation and even threatening the reactor safety. This work developed a coupled neutronic and thermal-mechanical analysis method to analyze the effects of geyser boiling and heat pipe temperature oscillations on the critical parameters, e.g., temperature and stress, during reactor operation.
The megawatt heat pipe reactor MegaPower was chosen as an application case. The simulations show that the heat pipe temperature oscillation leads to the same frequency oscillation of the temperature and stress in the solid-state core. Besides, the temperature amplitudes are significantly reduced by shortening the oscillation period. Reducing the oscillation period from 60 s to 15 s reduced the temperature amplitude of the fuel pellet center from 22℃ to 5℃. Furthermore, the stress oscillation in the core may lead to material fatigue or even failure for a long period of operation, which is highly undesired. This work can provide valuable data and references for the safety design of heat pipe reactors.