bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation initiation with exotic amino acids using EF-P-responsive artificial initiator tRNA
Authors: Katoh Takayuki , Suga Hiroaki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Translation initiation using noncanonical initiator substrates with poor peptidyl donor activities, such as N-acetyl-l-proline (AcPro), induces the N-terminal drop-off-reinitiation event. Thereby, the initiator tRNA drops-off from the ribosome and the translation reinitiates from the second amino acid to yield a truncated peptide lacking the N-terminal initiator substrate. In order to suppress this event for the synthesis of full-length peptides, here we have devised a chimeric initiator tRNA, referred to as tRNAiniP, whose D-arm comprises a recognition motif for EF-P, an elongation factor that accelerates peptide bond formation. We have shown that the use of tRNAiniP and EF-P enhances the incorporation of not only AcPro but also d-amino, β-amino and γ-amino acids at the N-terminus. By optimizing the translation conditions, e.g. concentrations of translation factors, codon sequence and Shine-Dalgarno sequence, we could achieve complete suppression of the N-terminal drop-off-reinitiation for the exotic amino acids and enhance the expression level of full-length peptide up to 1000-fold compared with the use of the ordinary translation conditions.
Demographic history and distinct selection signatures of two domestication genes in mungbean
Authors: Lin Ya-Ping , Chen Hung-Wei , Yeh Pei-Min , Anand Shashi S , Lin Jiunn , Li Juan , Noble Thomas , Nair Ramakrishnan , Schafleitner Roland , Samsononova Maria , Bishop-von-Wettberg Eric , Nuzhdin Sergey , Ting Chau-Ti , Lawn Robert J , Lee Cheng-Ruei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Domestication is the long and complex process underlying the evolution of crops, in which artificial directional selection transformed wild progenitors into the desired form, affecting genomic variation and leaving traces of selection at targeted loci. However, whether genes controlling important domestication traits follow the same evolutionary pattern expected under the standard selective sweep model remains unclear. With whole-genome resequencing of mungbean (Vigna radiata), we investigated this issue by resolving its global demographic history and targeted dissection of the molecular footprints of genes underlying 2 key traits representing different stages of domestication. Mungbean originated in Asia, and the Southeast Asian wild population migrated to Australia about 50 thousand generations ago. Later in Asia, the cultivated form diverged from the wild progenitor. We identified the gene associated with the pod shattering resistance trait, VrMYB26a, with lower expression across cultivars and reduced polymorphism in the promoter region, reflecting a hard selective sweep. On the other hand, the stem determinacy trait was associated with VrDet1. We found that 2 ancient haplotypes of this gene have lower gene expression and exhibited intermediate frequencies in cultivars, consistent with selection favoring independent haplotypes in a soft selective sweep. In mungbean, contrasting signatures of selection were identified from the detailed dissection of 2 important domestication traits. The results suggest complex genetic architecture underlying the seemingly simple process of directional artificial selection and highlight the limitations of genome-scan methods relying on hard selective sweeps.
Consumers pay attention to ingredients on the front of a label: an eye tracking study
Authors: Lowry Mark , Julian Anne K , Tribby Calvin , Perna Frank 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sunscreen is an important part of skin cancer prevention. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed numerous changes to sunscreen labeling including adding active ingredients to the front of a label. The purpose of the study was to identify and describe differences in attention between current label formatting and the proposed label formatting. Forty-seven participants were interviewed. Participants were presented with mock sunscreen labels that resembled current labeling or labeling based on the proposed FDA rule. While reading the labels, eye movements were recorded. Participants spent 12.3 s longer looking at the front of the proposed rule-compliant label than they did on the front of the current label. They spent the longest time reading the directions (13–14 seconds) compared with other areas. Placing active ingredients on the front of a label in relatively large font makes it more likely consumers will look at the information.
Plasma exosomes and contained MiRNAs affect the reproductive phenotype in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Zhang Zhirong , Hou Min , Yang Xiaohe , Cui Linlin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnovulation is the main feature of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and there is very limited understanding of the role of plasma exosomes and miRNAs in it. To identify the effect of PCOS patients' plasma exosomes and exosomal miRNAs, we isolated plasma exosomes of PCOS patients and normal women and injected into 8‐week‐old ICR female mice via tail vein. The changes in estrus cycle, serum hormone levels, and ovarian morphology were observed. KGN cells were cultured and transfected with mimics and inhibitors of differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (miR‐18a‐3p, miR‐20b‐5p, miR‐106a‐5p, miR‐126‐3p, and miR‐146a‐5p) and then tested for steroid hormone synthesis, proliferation, and apoptosis. The results showed that female ICR mice injected with plasma exosomes from PCOS patients presented ovarian oligo‐cyclicity. Hormone synthesis and proliferation of granulosa cells were affected by differentially expressed PCOS plasma‐derived exosomal miRNAs, of which miR‐126‐3p having the most evident effect. MiR‐126‐3p affected the proliferation of granulosa cells by inhibiting PDGFRβ and its downstream PI3K‐AKT pathway. Our results demonstrated plasma exosomes and contained miRNAs in PCOS patients affect the estrus cycle of mice, hormone secretion, and proliferation of granulosa cells. This study provides a novel understanding about the function of plasma exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in PCOS.
Experiences and Perceptions of Using Smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment for Reporting Knee Osteoarthritis Pain and Symptoms
Authors: Overton Mark , Swain Nicola , Falling Carrie , Gwynne-Jones David , Fillingim Roger , Mani Ramakrishnan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent, painful, and disabling musculoskeletal condition. One method that could more accurately monitor the pain associated with knee OA is ecological momentary assessment (EMA) using a smartphone.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to explore participant experiences and perceptions of using smartphone EMA as a way of communicating knee OA pain and symptoms following participating in a 2-week smartphone EMA study.

Materials and Methods:
Using a maximum variation sampling method, participants were invited to share their thoughts and opinions in semistructured focus group interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim before thematic analysis using the general inductive approach.

Results:
A total of 20 participants participated in 6 focus groups. Three themes and 7 subthemes were identified from the data. Identified themes included: user experience of smartphone EMA, data quality of smartphone EMA, and practical aspects of smartphone EMA.

Discussion:
Overall, smartphone EMA was deemed as being an acceptable method for monitoring pain and symptoms associated with knee OA. These findings will assist researchers in designing future EMA studies alongside clinicians implementing smartphone EMA into practice.

Perspective:
This study highlights that smartphone EMA is an acceptable method for capturing pain-related symptoms and experiences of those expereiencing knee OA. Future EMA studies should ensure design features are considered that reduce missing data and limit the responder burden to improve data quality.
Emergence of resistance-associated variants during sofosbuvir treatment in chronically infected hepatitis E patients
Authors: Gömer André , Klöhn Mara , Jagst Michelle , Nocke Maximilian K. , Pischke Sven , Horvatits Thomas , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Müller Tobias , Hardtke Svenja , Cornberg Markus , Wedemeyer Heiner , Behrendt Patrick , Steinmann Eike , Todt Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims:
Chronic HEV infections remain a serious problem in immunocompromised patients, as specifically approved antiviral drugs are unavailable. In 2020, a 24-week multicenter phase II pilot trial was carried out, evaluating the nucleotide analog sofosbuvir by treating nine chronically HEV-infected patients with sofosbuvir (Trial Number NCT03282474). During the study, antiviral therapy reduced virus RNA levels initially but did not lead to a sustained virologic response. Here, we characterize the changes in HEV intrahost populations during sofosbuvir treatment to identify the emergence of treatment-associated variants.

Approach and Results:
We performed high-throughput sequencing on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences to characterize viral population dynamics in study participants. Subsequently, we used an HEV-based reporter replicon system to investigate sofosbuvir sensitivity in high-frequency variants. Most patients had heterogenous HEV populations, suggesting high adaptability to treatment-related selection pressures. We identified numerous amino acid alterations emerging during treatment and found that the EC50 of patient-derived replicon constructs was up to ~12-fold higher than the wild-type control, suggesting that variants associated with lower drug sensitivity were selected during sofosbuvir treatment. In particular, a single amino acid substitution (A1343V) in the finger domain of ORF1 could reduce susceptibility to sofosbuvir significantly in 8 of 9 patients.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, viral population dynamics played a critical role during antiviral treatment. High population diversity during sofosbuvir treatment led to the selection of variants (especially A1343V) with lower sensitivity to the drug, uncovering a novel mechanism of resistance-associated variants during sofosbuvir treatment.
Elevated Serum Tau and UCHL-1 Concentrations Within 12 Months of Injury Predict Neurobehavioral Functioning 2 or More Years Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lange Rael T. , Gill Jessica M. , Lippa Sara M. , Hungerford Lars , Walker Thomas , Kennedy Jan , Brickell Tracey A. , French Louis M. 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Blood-based biomarkers have received considerable attention for their diagnostic and prognostic value in the acute and postacute period following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to examine whether blood-based biomarker concentrations within the first 12 months of TBI can predict neurobehavioral outcome in the chronic phase of the recovery trajectory.

Setting:
Inpatient and outpatient wards from 3 military medical treatment facilities.

Participants:
A total of 161 service members and veterans classified into 3 groups: (a) uncomplicated mild TBI (MTBI; n = 37), (b) complicated mild, moderate, severe, penetrating TBI combined (STBI; n = 46), and (c) controls (CTRL; n = 78).

Design:
Prospective longitudinal.

Main Measures:
Participants completed 6 scales from the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life (ie, Anger, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Headaches, and Cognitive Concerns) within 12 months (baseline) and at 2 or more years (follow-up) post-injury. Serum concentrations of tau, neurofilament light, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and UCHL-1 at baseline were measured using SIMOA.

Results:
Baseline tau was associated with worse anger, anxiety, and depression in the STBI group at follow-up (R
2 = 0.101-0.127), and worse anxiety in the MTBI group (R
2 = 0.210). Baseline ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL-1) was associated with worse anxiety and depression at follow-up in both the MTBI and STBI groups (R
2Δ = 0.143-0.207), and worse cognitive concerns in the MTBI group (R
2Δ = 0.223).

Conclusions:
A blood-based panel including these biomarkers could be a useful tool for identifying individuals at risk of poor outcome following TBI.
Trajectories of Daily Postconcussion Symptoms in Children
Authors: Sullivan Lindsay , Xu Menglin , Yeates Keith Owen , Alshaikh Enas , Taylor H. Gerry , Pommering Thomas , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
To identify trajectories of daily postconcussion symptoms (PCS) from the acute postinjury period to symptom resolution among concussed children and examine demographic factors and acute PCS associated with the identified symptom trajectories.

Setting and Participants:
Seventy-nine participants with a concussion were enrolled within 72 hours of injury and completed a daily survey that assessed PCS from enrollment until symptom resolution.

Design:
This was a prospective cohort study among concussed children aged 11–17 years.

Main Measures:
Children rated their concussion symptoms daily using the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale. Symptom duration was assessed using participants' date of symptom resolution and coded as a dichotomous variable: (1) PCS duration 14 days or less or (2) PCS duration longer than 14 days.

Results:
Of the 79 participants, most were male (n = 53, 67%), injured during a sporting activity (n = 67, 85%), or had PCS that persisted for more than 14 days post-injury (n = 41, 52%). Group-based trajectory modeling yielded 4 trajectory groups: (1) low acute/resolved PCS (n = 39, 49%), (2) moderate/persistent PCS (n = 19, 24%), (3) high acute/persistent PCS (n = 13, 16%), and (4) high acute/resolved PCS (n = 8, 10%). No significant associations were found between demographic factors and the trajectory group. A higher symptom burden at injury was associated with an increased odds of being in the high acute/resolved or high acute/persistent recovery groups than being in the low acute/resolved group (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% CI = 1.11-1.74; OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.11-1.60, respectively), as was a higher symptom severity at injury (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03-1.15; OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.11, respectively).

Conclusion:
Our findings may help clinicians identify concussed children on slower recovery trajectories, and implement early, individualized treatment plans that foster optimal recovery for concussed children.
Associations of Prior Head Injury With Mild Behavioral Impairment Domains
Authors: Richey Lisa N. , Daneshvari Nicholas O. , Young Lisa , Bray Michael J. C. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Mosley Thomas , Walker Keenan A. , Peters Matthew E. , Schneider Andrea L. C. 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
This study investigated associations of prior head injury and number of prior head injuries with mild behavioral impairment (MBI) domains.

Setting:
The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Participants:
A total of 2534 community-dwelling older adults who took part in the ARIC Neurocognitive Study stage 2 examination were included.

Design:
This was a prospective cohort study. Head injury was defined using self-reported and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code data. MBI domains were defined using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) via an established algorithm mapping noncognitive neuropsychiatric symptoms to the 6 domains of decreased motivation, affective dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, social inappropriateness, and abnormal perception/thought content.

Main Measures:
The primary outcome was the presence of impairment in MBI domains.

Results:
Participants were a mean age of 76 years, with a median time from first head injury to NPI-Q administration of 32 years. The age-adjusted prevalence of symptoms in any 1+ MBI domains was significantly higher among individuals with versus without prior head injury (31.3% vs 26.0%, P = .027). In adjusted models, a history of 2+ head injuries, but not 1 prior head injury, was associated with increased odds of impairment in affective dysregulation and impulse dyscontrol domains, compared with no history of head injury (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.13-2.98, and OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.08-2.78, respectively). Prior head injury was not associated with symptoms in MBI domains of decreased motivation, social inappropriateness, and abnormal perception/thought content (all P > .05).

Conclusion:
Prior head injury in older adults was associated with greater MBI domain symptoms, specifically affective dysregulation and impulse dyscontrol. Our results suggest that the construct of MBI can be used to systematically examine the noncognitive neuropsychiatric sequelae of head injury; further studies are needed to examine whether the systematic identification and rapid treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms after head injury is associated with improved outcomes.
Risk of Adverse Outcomes Among Veterans Who Screen Positive for Traumatic Brain Injury in the Veterans Health Administration But Do Not Complete a Comprehensive Evaluation: A LIMBIC-CENC Study
Authors: Pogoda Terri K. , Adams Rachel Sayko , Carlson Kathleen F. , Dismuke-Greer Clara E. , Amuan Megan , Pugh Mary Jo 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
To examine whether post-9/11 veterans who screened positive for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) but did not complete a Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE) were at higher risk of subsequent adverse events compared with veterans who screened positive and completed a CTBIE. Upon CTBIE completion, information assessed by a trained TBI clinician indicates whether there is mTBI history (mTBI+) or not (mTBI−).

Setting:
Veterans Health Administration (VHA) outpatient services.

Participants:
A total of 52 700 post-9/11 veterans who screened positive for TBI were included. The follow-up review period was between fiscal years 2008 and 2019. The 3 groups studied based on CTBIE completion and mTBI status were: (1) mTBI+ (48.6%), (2) mTBI− (17.8%), and (3) no CTBIE (33.7%).

Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study. Log binomial and Poisson regression models adjusting for demographic, military, pre-TBI screening health, and VHA covariates examined risk ratios of incident outcomes based on CTBIE completion and mTBI status.

Main Measures:
Incident substance use disorders (SUDs), alcohol use disorder (AUD), opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose, and homelessness documented in VHA administrative records, and mortality as documented in the National Death Index, 3 years post-TBI screen. VHA outpatient utilization was also examined.

Results:
Compared with the no CTBIE group, the mTBI+ group had 1.28 to 1.31 times the risk of incident SUD, AUD, and overdose, but 0.73 times the risk of death 3 years following TBI screening. The mTBI− group had 0.70 times the risk of OUD compared with the no CTBIE group within the same period. The no CTBIE group also had the lowest VHA utilization.

Conclusions:
There were mixed findings on risk of adverse events for the no CTBIE group relative to the mTBI+ and mTBI− groups. Future research is needed to explore the observed differences, including health conditions and healthcare utilization, documented outside VHA among veterans who screen positive for TBI.
Prognostic factors in young patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhang Zhanshuai , Qin Shaoqiang , Wang Rui , Wang Yaling , Fang Zhiqin 
Published: June 2023

Objective
The prognostic factors of young patients aged ≤40 years with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain unclear. This study explored risk factors that may affect the 1-year prognosis of young STEMI patients by analyzing patient data of baseline, clinical regimen, and secondary prevention.

Methods
Baseline and clinical data were collected from 420 STEMI patients aged ≤40 years. One year of follow-up was performed to record and compare the differences in data between patients with and without adverse events. Binary logistic regression analysis with controls for confounding factors was used to evaluate prognosis-related independent factors.

Results
The overall incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was 15.95%. Comparison of the subgroups revealed that regardless of adjustment for confounding factors, prognoses of the patients were affected by the following factors: BMI, marital status, serum apolipoprotein(a) (ApoA) levels, number of diseased vessels, treatment regimen, compliance of secondary prevention, improvement of lifestyle, and adjusted comorbidities (P < 0.05). Independent analysis of adverse events revealed that BMI, number of diseased vessels, and compliance of secondary prevention were independent factors of recurrent acute myocardial infarction in patients. Serum ApoA level, treatment regimen, and compliance of secondary prevention were independent influence factors of heart failure in patients. Marital status and serum ApoA level were independent factors of malignant arrhythmias in patients. BMI, compliance of secondary prevention, and improvement of lifestyle were independent factors of cardiac death in patients.

Conclusion
This study determined the influential factors for the prognosis of STEMI patients aged ≤40 years as follows: BMI, marital status, comorbidities, number of diseased vessels, regimen, compliance of secondary prevention, and improvement of lifestyle. The risk of cardiovascular adverse events may be reduced by modulating the influential factors.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography metabolic parameters and sarcopenia in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhang Qing , Ren Jingyun , Tan Xiaoyue , He Ming , Qiu Ting , Jiang Lei 
Published: June 2023

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) and clinicopathological characteristics and sarcopenia in patients with pancreatic cancer and to determine their prognostic roles.

Methods
Clinicopathological factors and 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters of maximum standard uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis of the primary tumor (SUVmax_P, MTV_P, and TLG_P) and of whole-body lesions (MTV_T and TLG_T) were retrospectively reviewed in 113 pretreatment patients with pancreatic cancer. Sarcopenia was defined based on skeletal muscle index (SMI) calculated at the third lumbar vertebra (L3), and SUVmax of the psoas major muscle (SUVmax_M) was measured at L3 as well. The primary endpoint used was the overall survival (OS).

Results
Among 113 patients, 49 patients (43.4%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Compared with nonsarcopenia, sarcopenia more frequently occurred in the older population (P = 0.027), males (P = 0.014), and lower BMI (P < 0.001), and displayed lower SUVmax_M (P = 0.011). Age, sex, BMI, and SUVmax_M were independently predictive of sarcopenia. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor stage (P = 0.010) and TLG_T (P < 0.001) were independently predictive of OS.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia increased with declining SUVmax_M in pancreatic cancer. Compared with SMI, SUVmax_M offers a more straightforward prediction of sarcopenia, thus a promising measurement to be incorporated into the diagnostic algorithm. Tumor stage and TLG_T, but not sarcopenia, were independent prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer.