bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raising Awareness and Capacity Building as a Way Ahead to Revitalising Tourism Industry in Sudan
Authors: Fahmi M M , Ahmad Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article discusses the links between the tourism industry and the world heritage context using raising awareness and capacity building as a driving force to promote economic growth. Albejrawiah pyramids’ world heritage site in Sudan will be used as a case study, with a special focus on local communities’ role and participation in enhancing tourism growth. This paper analyses the effect of using the conservation of world heritage sites as a tool for tourism attraction in order to consequently gain economic development. Furthermore, it examines the basic role that local communities at the Albejrawiah pyramids’ world heritage site can play in promoting the tourism industry. The article points out, maybe for the first time, the importance of the local communities role in enhancing the tourism industry. The response by the site director ensured that the governmental investments in tourism infrastructure would promote the country’s economy extensively. The article concludes that a shift from current traditional heritage management strategies to a new one could contribute effectively to enhancing tourism infrastructure and consequently promote economic aspects and quality of life in Sudan. The data used for this research were collected via questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and during field trips to the Albejrawiah pyramids world heritage site in 2014 and 2016, updated in 2018.
Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Poguntano Herb Extract (Picria fel-terrae Lour) against Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Putra E D P , Wahyuni H S , Hertiana T , Nasri  , Muhammad M , Satria D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Green synthesis methods to synthesize nanoparticles using natural products can be used by utilizing plants or microorganisms. Poguntano (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) or leaf kukurang is a plant from the family Scrophulariaceae. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles of Poguntano aqueous extract. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticle water extract bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis with extract concentrations of 20 mg/mL (12.43 ± 0.12), 10 mg/mL (11.50 ± 0.10) and 5 mg/mL (10.43 ± 0.12) can inhibit bacterial growth, Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, absorbance values at wavelengths of 260 nm and 280 nm were higher than the absorbance values at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm inhibition test shows that the results of the absorbance or OD measurement in the biofilm inhibition test using the silver nanoparticle of Poguntano extract, the OD value at a concentration of 10 mg/mL (0.367± 0.57) showed a biofilm inhibition result of 45.24 % greater than the concentration of 5 mg/mL which is 0.510 ± 0.54 with a biofilm inhibition result of 23.77%, this indicates that the greater the attention of the extract, the smaller the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria.
First evidences of energy performance certificate operational rating: The case of Cyprus
Authors: Fokaides P A , Georgali P Z , Afxentiou N 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aims to introduce the first pieces of evidence of an operational rating scheme for energy performance certificates for the case of Cyprus, an EU member state which conducts buildings classification with asset rating. For the purpose of this study, a case building was monitored for over 12 months in Cyprus, recording over 60 sensors within the building related to heating, cooling, lighting, and appliances. A set of operational indicators were extracted and demonstrated with the purpose of establishing a dataset of operational measurements for buildings in Cyprus. Normalization practices related to occupancy and weather correction factors are also discussed. Following the guidelines of ISO 52003 on the operational rating of buildings, the study concludes with the definition of representative values for the actual energy performance of buildings in Cyprus, delivering typical operational rates for the Cypriot building stock. The case study building is also examined, with regard to its operational rating, based on the average value of the Cypriot building stock. This study aspires to set the grounds for the development of an operational rating scheme for the island state of Cyprus based on best practices and the normative framework for energy-efficient buildings.
Analysing the existing dynamic insulation technologies focusing on buildings’ renovation – A review
Authors: Karanafti A , Theodosiou T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Towards the achievement of zero-emission buildings, conventional envelope solutions have started to become outdated. The concept of Dynamic thermal insulation is an innovative approach, still under development, that attracts a continuously and fast growing scientific and research interest, mainly due to its perfect alignment with the targets of a zero-carbon future. The aim of this study is to investigate a variety of such systems that are capable to adjust the envelope’s thermal resistance based on the building’s needs. The study follows a two-levelled categorization approach. Initially, the classification focuses on whether an assembly switches or varies its thermal properties within a range, whilst the operating principle is used for further categorization. The systems under investigation, are further categorized based on their adequacy as a measure for the implementation on existing buildings’ energy retrofit. This innovative categorization takes into consideration properties like operational and control complexity, mechanical equipment requirements, construction simplicity, cost, etc. The results reveal great potential for this technology and indicate a need for further investigation on issues related to their sustainability potential in new or in existing buildings.
Multi-Period Optimisation of District-Scale Building Integrated Photovoltaic Deployment
Authors: McCarty J , Waibel C , Schlueter A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The deployment of solar energy technologies such as building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) is one of many ways to mitigate present greenhouse gas emissions and abate GHG emissions in future urban development. The widespread deployment of BIPVs is therefore ideal, but deployment must be met with an understanding of the life cycle carbon associated with the technologies manufacturing and their availability as a finite resource. In this paper we describe deployment schedules over the next several decades for BIPVs in a redeveloping urban quarter in Zürich, Switzerland, known as Altstetten. Altstetten has near term goals for carbon neutral buildings that must be met through energy retrofits, higher building standards, and renewable energy. In solving how best to deploy BIPV systems to reduce the life cycle emissions of the buildings in Altstetten, we develop a multi period deployment scheme from a Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization model that determines the optimal PV deployment within a larger urban multi-energy system. This approach intermingles spatially resolved optimisations with temporally resolved projections of how to deploy the BIPV systems. We analyse results of several optimal solutions sets to investigate the role urban morphology and BIPV embodied emissions play in BIPV utility. We find that different planning strategies (e.g. reduce cost before carbon emissions) play a role in the quantity and rate at which BIPV could be expected to be deployed and that a strategy of minimizing carbon before cost results in less required BIPV deployment than if cost is of the prime concern.
Generative Sustainable Performance Design Exploration Applied to Greek Urban Typologies
Authors: Christodoulou A , Symeonidou I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Generative Design offers a paradigm for the automatic generation of variations of a design so that designers can quantify the bounds of possible Key Performance Indicator’s (KPI’s) and identify most promising variants based on their design objectives. While such studies are often performed to provide inspiration for high-end building designs, applying them on standard building typologies gives equally interesting insights on the impact of related design decisions. This paper presents a developed parametric model for the typical Greek Urban Typology, the Polykatoikia, and shows how this was utilized to identify sustainable design strategies for this typology. The methodology is applied on unfinished skeleton buildings in urban areas but can also be extended to new building designs. The KPI’s that the Generative Design algorithm optimizes towards are selected to fit important sustainability criteria, such as the minimization of summer solar loads and the maximization of winter solar load, together with standard User Experience Quality metrics related to Views and Daylight as well as standard leasable floor area maximisation criteria also taking into account standard dimensions of Structural core elements. The paper will also present opportunities for further optimization of the Polykatoikia design process, through the use of advanced design exploration and optimization algorithms and tools utilizing Machine Learning algorithms and advanced data visualisation.
Barriers of large-scale energy efficiency modelling of urban building stocks. Methods to overcome them – the case of the Re-Polis platform.
Authors: Theodoridou I , Mallinis G , Pippis I , Mermigas A , Christodoulou K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The European Union has set strict goals towards climate-neutral cities by 2050, pushing private and public stakeholders to develop integrated assessment tools for measuring urban buildings’ energy performance and designing sustainable retrofitting strategies. Within this context, efficient energy use modelling of urban built environments, in a precise and transparent manner, is a crucial driver for global cities’ decarbonisation. Thus, rapid developments of bottom-up and top-down methodologies and tools reflect the current international research and technological developments in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) software industry. Combined bottom-up based GIS technologies and building typologies (archetype buildings) enable a detailed energy performance analysis of urban built environments. Since the results are produced for each building unit, these methods offer scalability, starting from single buildings to neighbourhoods and whole cities. In order to assess the energy performance of urban buildings in a bottom-up and efficient way, several aspects must be considered, such as substantial differentiations in archetype buildings according to the use, location, year of construction and each country’s profile. Furthermore, access to pan-European building typologies data, developed with the same methodology, is crucial to overcome such barriers. Moreover, although dispersed methodological tools already exist, no integrated methods have yet been developed, that can be easily used on a pan-European base. As an innovative, cloud-based tool, the Re-Polis platform aims to fill the gap in urban buildings’ large-scale energy efficiency modelling. Within this context, this paper describes all barriers identified during the design of the Re-Polis platform, regarding the development of an end-to-end robust methodological procedure and the decisions that were made to overcome them.
Increasing the Content of Reclaimed Asphalt in Asphalt Mixture by using Rejuvenators
Authors: Belhaj Majda , Vackova Pavla , Valentin Jan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recycling pavements is beneficial on various levels, since using reclaimed asphalt (RA) has a positive effect on the economy and environmental protection at the same time. Removed old asphalt pavement is no longer considered as a waste material, which has to be landfilled, but a useful material for further applications. Leading to a reduction of the need for virgin materials and preserve the planet. At the start, RA was used for construction of embankments and unbound granular layers, later cold recycling became another effective solution. After years of experiments, the rate of RA has increased to reach even the 100 %. But typical RA content in hot asphalt mixtures is between 25 % to 40 %. The presence of RA in the asphalt mixture has a negative effect on the mixture properties. Two alternatives were used in order to soften the aged bitumen – use of softer binder or special additives, i.e., rejuvenators. This study evaluated the possibility of increasing the RA content (30 % and 50 %) in asphalt mixture by adding mainly bio-based alternative rejuvenators. Mechanical performance was evaluated by means of laboratory investigations for typical characteristics dedicated to durability, stiffness, and cracking potential.
Investigation on the use of PET and XLPE plastic wastes as aggregates in cement-based mortars
Authors: Kesikidou F , Georgilas A , Tsiakaloglou G , Anastasiou E K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
End-of-life plastics are an increasing environmental problem that needs to be addressed. Within the scope of utilizing secondary and recycled materials as aggregate in the construction industry, recycled XLPE and PET plastics were used as aggregates in cement-based mortars. The recycled plastics were reduced to fine aggregate granulometry and were used to partially replace natural sand in mortars. The replacement rates tested were 20% and 30% for XLPE, 30%, 50%, and 80% for PET, while a test mortar with 90% combined replacement with XLPE and PET was also tested. The workability of the mortars reduced with XLPE use and increased with PET use and the same pattern was observed regarding the porosity and water absorption of the hardened mortars. Compressive strength and density, on the other hand, reduced for both alternative aggregates, but recycled PET showed better performance overall and could be considered as an alternative for the production of lightweight mortars.
Framework for selecting and setting boundaries for social sustainability indicators in a life cycle perspective
Authors: Heide Mia , Skrøder Nana Kira Prisholm , Steffen Sara Føns , Hauschild Michael , Ryberg Morten 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The historical consumption of natural resources to fulfil the demands of the growing population have resulted in severe environmental degradation. Therefore, understanding the role of fulfilment of human needs and the social aspect of sustainability is crucial in the transition towards more sustainable societies. We present a methodological framework for a social sustainability assessment that includes a full life cycle perspective and is based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The framework comprehends operationalisation of the social aspects of the SDGs and includes means/tools to achieve the environmental targets through a six-step guide. A demonstration of the method’s application is given by applying the six-step framework to a case study: the Danish building sector focusing on SDGs 3 Good health and well-being, 7 Affordable and clean energy, 8 Decent work and economic growth, 9 Industry, innovation and infrastructure, 10 Reduced inequalities and 11 Sustainable cities and communities, 12 Responsible consumption and production, 13 Climate action and 15 Life on land. The final social indicators and the associated targets indicate in which areas a building is absolute social sustainable and in which areas the social performance falls short. The developed framework supports an informed and transparent selection of relevant social indicators across the life cycle while setting objective absolute targets.
Happiness in the urban built environment, people, and places
Authors: Andalib E , Diaconu M G , Temeljotov-Salaj A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The built and urban environment have an impact on citizens’ health and well-being. This impact could lead to long-term results on individuals’ happiness and quality of life. The environment we interact with, including our living, working, and social spaces, can significantly affect our health and could be considered as part of the determinants of health. WHO now defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, incorporating the built environment as a factor in promoting individuals’ happiness and well-being. This scoping review examines the impact of the built and urban environment on citizens’ health and well-being. The study explores the factors of the built environment that influence citizens’ happiness and their impact on mental health. It suggests a more integrated, ecosystem-based approach between public, private, and citizens to create healthier and happier places.
Sustainable University campuses. Qualitative and quantitative approach through the scope of an undergraduate, elective architectural technology course
Authors: Alexandrou Eleni , Bougiatioti Flora , Kotsenos Athanasios 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Universities should promote sustainable development excellence not only through teaching and research but also via in campus operational management. This article presents the set-up, methodology and results of an undergraduate architectural technology course, which challenges the sustainable, bioclimatic and energy performance of buildings at NTUA Patission Campus. The course’s scope is to introduce different approaches so that students get acquainted with various research tools for the analysis of the sustainability indicators on campus and proposals for the sustainable design and redesign of university buildings and open spaces. The investigation and assessment of the existing condition was conducted with qualitative assessment and experimental quantitative methods for selected classrooms in different orientations at two adjacent buildings. Consequently, digital models of the classrooms under study were constructed with energy simulation software, in order to analyse the existing condition and assess the impact of simple interventions on the energy performance and bioclimatic conditions. The results involve the evaluation of the course set-up, but most importantly the structure of a methodology that could be applied not only to undergraduate student projects, but also to actual interventions to existing university buildings and campuses with similar characteristics in order to implement interdisciplinary methods that address environmental challenges.
Shrinking Cities as European Capitals of Culture: Has this Status enabled their Reurbanisation?
Authors: Antonić B , Djukić A , Marić J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
More than 50 cities across Europe have been designed as the European capitals of culture for one year since the launch of this programme in 1985. Through organisation of different cultural events, this programme gives selected cities accessibility to generate significant cultural and socio-economic advantages, addressing their long-term regeneration and revitalisation and better competitiveness thereof. Several selected cities had gained this status during long-term urban shrinkage, the process where a population loss is caused by local socio-economic difficulties. Therefore, the supreme goal of such cities is certainly the reurbanisation based on better economic performance. The goal of the programme of European capital of culture –culture-led regeneration and revitalisation – perfectly fits with solutions for the economic problems of shrinking cities. The aim of this paper is to analyse has the status of European capital of culture has had an impact on population trends in the selected shrinking cities. Before the analysis, theoretical link between the concept of shrinking cities and urban regeneration and revitalisation is made. The selected cases are the shrinking cities with this status from 1985-2017, to preserve a 5-year threshold, adequate for the most recent demographic trends. The obtained results from the analysis show that the majority of the selected cities have entered reurbanisation after their year of the European capital of culture. Nevertheless, some of them have continued to shrink. The obtained results of the reurbanisation or prolonged shrinkage of the cities are further combined with the other characteristics of the selected cities, to fully understand their context. Comparing this, the paper conclusions target to indicate if and how the status of European capital of culture impacts on the local economy of a selected city though culture-led urban regeneration and revitalisation.
Introducing a methodology to define the negative effects of upward façade lighting in historical buildings.
Authors: Balafoutis Th , Zerefos S , Tomasovits M , Vital R , Doulos L T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Light pollution is a phenomenon that affects both humans and the environment negatively. Currently there are no established means to calculate light pollution. This work proposes a method for calculating the levels of light pollution on the facades of buildings, specifically historical buildings, which are the most difficult to light, using simulation techniques. The proposed methodology tested different simulation grid densities and concluded that the highest density produces most accurate results, since lower densities are prone to software errors. Moreover, this research proves that the visual perception of a lit façade is the wrong way to determine if a lighting design produces light pollution and that the comprehensive methodology proposed should be used to determine the percentage of light that spills into the environment.
Application and validation of a method to assess the energy reduction and environmental impact of renovation alternatives
Authors: Gonzalez-Caceres A , Somanath S , Forsberg J , Galimshina A , Theißen S , Hollberg A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The renovation of residential stock is one of the most promising areas, in terms of energy reduction, because these buildings are highly inefficient and represent the largest part of the building stock. However, the environmental impact assessment over the life cycle of building renovation is rare. It is more common to develop an assessment for new buildings. This study presents a method that combines the evaluation of the benefits of renovating residential buildings, considering cost, energy and environmental benefits using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The method is based on 3 stages of development. First, the database of energy certificates, costs and LCA was analysed. The second step is to develop a workflow in Rhino/Grasshopper/E-Plus to automatically model a residential building and feed the simulation model with the data obtained from the databases. Finally, a simulation campaign was carried out to obtain an optimal renovation package, minimising energy consumption and environmental impact. The research was carried out in a case study in Uddevalla, Sweden. The residential building has different measurements including energy consumption data before and after renovation. This was used to validate the proposed methodology. The validation shows that accurate results are achievable with potential for mass application.