bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Approach to Derive Water T1 from Multiparametric MR Images Using an Automated Pipeline and Comparison With Liver Stiffness
Authors: Michelotti Filippo C. , Kupriyanova Yuliya , Mori Tim , Küstner Thomas , Heilmann Geronimo , Bombrich Maria , Möser Clara , Schön Martin , Kuss Oliver , Roden Michael , Schrauwen‐Hinderling Vera B. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundWater T1 of the liver has been shown to be promising in discriminating the progressive forms of fatty liver diseases, inflammation, and fibrosis, yet proper correction for iron and lipid is required.PurposeTo examine the feasibility of an empirical approach for iron and lipid correction when measuring imaging‐based T1 and to validate this approach by spectroscopy on in vivo data.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationNext to mixed lipid‐iron phantoms, individuals with different hepatic lipid content were investigated, including people with type 1 diabetes (N = 15, %female = 15.6, age = 43.5 ± 14.0), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (N = 21, %female = 28.9, age = 59.8 ± 9.7) and healthy volunteers (N = 9, %female = 11.1, age = 58.0 ± 8.1).Field Strength/Sequences3 T, balanced steady‐state free precession MOdified Look‐Locker Inversion recovery (MOLLI), multi‐ and dual‐echo gradient echo Dixon, gradient echo magnetic resonance elastography (MRE).AssessmentT1 values were measured in phantoms to determine the respective correction factors. The correction was tested in vivo and validated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS). The quantification of liver T1 based on automatic segmentation was compared to the T1 values based on manual segmentation. The association of T1 with MRE‐derived liver stiffness was evaluated.Statistical TestsBland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used for MOLLI vs. 1H‐MRS agreement and to compare liver T1 values from automatic vs. manual segmentation. Pearson's r correlation coefficients for T1 with hepatic lipids and liver stiffness were determined. A P‐value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMOLLI T1 values after correction were found in better agreement with the 1H‐MRS‐derived water T1 (ICC = 0.60 [0.37; 0.76]) in comparison with the uncorrected T1 values (ICC = 0.18 [−0.09; 0.44]). Automatic quantification yielded similar liver T1 values (ICC = 0.9995 [0.9991; 0.9997]) as with manual segmentation. A significant correlation of T1 with liver stiffness (r = 0.43 [0.11; 0.67]) was found. A marked and significant reduction in the correlation strength of T1 with liver stiffness (r = 0.05 [−0.28; 0.38], P = 0.77) was found after correction for hepatic lipid content.Data ConclusionImaging‐based correction factors enable accurate estimation of water T1 in vivo.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 1
A Fully Automatic Method to Segment Choroid Plexuses in Multiple Sclerosis Using Conventional MRI Sequences
Authors: Storelli Loredana , Pagani Elisabetta , Rubin Martina , Margoni Monica , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundChoroid plexus (CP) volume has been recently proposed as a proxy for brain neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS).PurposeTo develop and validate a fast automatic method to segment CP using routinely acquired brain T1‐weighted and FLAIR MRI.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFifty‐five MS patients (33 relapsing–remitting, 22 progressive; mean age = 46.8 ± 10.2 years; 31 women) and 60 healthy controls (HC; mean age = 36.1 ± 12.6 years, 33 women).Field Strength/Sequence3D T2‐weighted FLAIR and 3D T1‐weighted gradient echo sequences at 3.0 T.AssessmentBrain tissues were segmented on T1‐weighted sequences and a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) was fitted to FLAIR image intensities obtained from the ventricle masks of the SIENAX. A second GMM was then applied on the thresholded and filtered ventricle mask. CP volumes were automatically determined and compared with those from manual segmentation by two raters (with 3 and 10 years' experience; reference standard). CP volumes from previously published automatic segmentation methods (freely available Freesurfer [FS] and FS‐GMM) were also compared with reference standard. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was assessed within 3 days of MRI. Computational time was assessed for each automatic technique and manual segmentation.Statistical TestsComparisons of CP volumes with reference standard were evaluated with Bland Altman analysis. Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) were computed to assess automatic CP segmentations. Volume differences between MS and HC for each method were assessed with t‐tests and correlations of CP volumes with EDSS were assessed with Pearson's correlation coefficients (R). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCompared to manual segmentation, the proposed method had the highest segmentation accuracy (mean DSC = 0.65 ± 0.06) compared to FS (mean DSC = 0.37 ± 0.08) and FS‐GMM (0.58 ± 0.06). The percentage CP volume differences relative to manual segmentation were −0.1% ± 0.23, 4.6% ± 2.5, and −0.48% ± 2 for the proposed method, FS, and FS‐GMM, respectively. The Pearson's correlations between automatically obtained CP volumes and the manually obtained volumes were 0.70, 0.54, and 0.56 for the proposed method, FS, and FS‐GMM, respectively. A significant correlation between CP volume and EDSS was found for the proposed automatic pipeline (R = 0.2), for FS‐GMM (R = 0.3) and for manual segmentation (R = 0.4). Computational time for the proposed method (32 ± 2 minutes) was similar to the manual segmentation (20 ± 5 minutes) but <25% of the FS (120 ± 15 minutes) and FS‐GMM (125 ± 15 minutes) methods.Data ConclusionThis study developed an accurate and easily implementable method for automatic CP segmentation in MS using T1‐weighted and FLAIR MRI.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 4
The prognostic significance of surgical resection margins for local recurrence, distant metastasis, and overall survival in sarcoma
Authors: Stauss Ricarda , Aigner Alexander , Richter Alena , Suero Eduardo , Altemeier Anna , Savov Peter , Ettinger Max , Omar Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgical resection with microscopically negative margins constitutes one of the key elements of a curative therapeutic approach for localized sarcomas. However, the prognostic value of quantitative margin width remains controversial. We sought to determine the prognostic significance of margin status and margin width for local recurrence (LR), distant recurrence (DR), and overall survival.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 210 patients undergoing resection of localized sarcoma between 1997 and 2018 at a national sarcoma reference center.ResultsLogistic regression did not reveal an effect of metric margin width as a prognostic factor for LR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.98, p = 0.574), DR (OR = 1, p = 0.908), or overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval = 0.73–1.20, p = 0.609). Subgroup analysis revealed no differences between complete first resections (R0) and re‐resections (re‐R0) following unplanned R1‐resections for LR (p = 0.727) and overall survival (p = 0.125), but a significantly higher DR‐rate in re‐R0 cases (p = 0.022).ConclusionsAchieving a negative margin is essential in sarcoma surgery, however, metric margin width was not associated with disease‐specific outcomes. Re‐resection of unplanned R1‐resections should be performed to control for LR and overall survival rates. As re‐R0 cases were at significantly higher risk of DR, these patients should be followed up closely in standardized surveillance protocols.
Accuracy of DOTATATE PET imaging in the preoperative planning of small bowel neuroendocrine tumor resection
Authors: Zhang Chi , Gudmundsdottir Hallbera , Takahashi Hiroaki , Day Courtney , Glasgow Amy , Wasif Nabil , Starlinger Patrick , Warner Susanne , Grotz Travis , Smoot Rory , Truty Mark , Cleary Sean , Kendrick Michael , Nagorney David , Navin Patrick , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Thiels Cornelius 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe assessed the accuracy of preoperative gallium‐68 DOTA‐Tyr3‐octreotate (DOTATATE) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in estimating multifocality and nodal metastases of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (sbNETs).MethodsA multicenter analysis was performed on patients with sbNETs who underwent preoperative DOTATATE PET imaging and surgical resection, with manual palpation of the entire length of the small bowel, between January 2016 and August 2022. Preoperative imaging reports and blinded secondary imaging reviews were compared to the final postoperative pathology reports. Descriptive statistics were applied.ResultsOne‐hundred and four patients met inclusion criteria. Pathology showed 53 (51%) patients had multifocal sbNETs and 96 (92%) had nodal metastases. The original preoperative DOTATATE PET imaging identified multifocal sbNET in 28 (27%) patients and lymph node (LN) metastases in 80 (77%) patients. Based on original radiology reports, sensitivity for multifocal sbNET identification was 45%, specificity was 92%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 86%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 62%. For the identification of LN metastases, sensitivity was 82%, specificity was 88%, PPV was 99%, and NPV was 29%.ConclusionsAlthough DOTATATE PET imaging is specific and relatively accurate, sensitivity and NPV are insufficient to guide surgical planning. Preoperative use should not replace open palpation to identify additional synchronous lesions or to omit regional lymphadenectomy.
Long‐term surveillance of branch‐duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms without worrisome or high‐risk features
Authors: Lattimore Courtney M. , Kane William J. , Subbarao Shalini , Venitti Corinne , Cramer Christopher L. , Turkheimer Lena M. , Bauer Todd W. , Turrentine Florence E. , Zaydfudim Victor M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionLong‐term data evaluating clinical outcomes in patients with branch‐duct Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD‐IPMN) without high‐risk stigmata (HRS) or worrisome features (WF) remain limited.MethodsThis observational cohort study included all patients diagnosed with BD‐IPMN without HRS or WF between 2003 and 2019 who were enrolled in a prospective surveillance program. Time‐to‐progression analysis was performed using a cumulative incidence function plot and survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier.ResultsThe median follow‐up time for the 267 patient cohort was 44.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 24.1–72.2). Radiographic cyst growth was observed in 123 (46.1%) patients; 65 (24.3%) patients progressed to WF/HRS. Twenty‐six (9.7%) patients were selected for resection during surveillance: 21 (80.8%) WF, 4 (15.4%) HRS; 1 (3.9%) transformed to mixed‐duct. Of all the patients who underwent resection, 5 (19.2%) had adenocarcinoma, and 1 (3.8%) had carcinoma‐in‐situ. The probability of any radiographic progression was 21.3% (5‐year) and 51.3% (10‐year). For the entire cohort, there was 1.1% mortality secondary to pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 8.2% all‐cause mortality. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 91.5%, and at 10 years, 81.5%.ConclusionApproximately one in four patients with nonworrisome BD‐IPMN have progression to WF/HRS stigmata during surveillance. However, the risk of malignant transformation remains low. Surveillance strategy remains prudent in this patient population.
Sponge‐nested polymer monoliths: Versatile materials for the solid‐phase extraction of bisphenols
Authors: Morales Natalia , Thickett Stuart C. , Maya Fernando 
Published: August 2023

Polymer monoliths are promising materials for sample preparation due to their high porosity, pH stability, and simple preparation. The use of melamine formaldehyde foams has been reported as an effective support to prepare highly robust silica and polymer monoliths. Herein, divinylbenzene monoliths based on a 50:50 (%, w/w) crosslinker/porogen ratio have been nested within a melamine‐formaldehyde sponge, resulting in monoliths with a surface area higher than 400 m2/g. The extraction performance of these monoliths was evaluated for the extraction of endocrine‐disrupting bisphenols from aqueous solutions. We evaluated for the first time the versatility of sponge‐nested polymer monoliths by comparing three different extraction modes (vortex mixing, magnetic stirring, and orbital shaking). Vortex mixing showed a comparable recovery of bisphenols (39%–81%) in a shorter extraction time (30 min, instead of 2 h). In addition, the robustness of the sponge‐nested polymer monoliths was demonstrated for the first time by reshaping a larger monolithic cube (0.125 cm3) into four smaller pieces (4 × 0.03125 cm3) leading to a 16%–21% increase in extraction efficiency. This effect was attributed to an increase in the effective contact area with the sample, obtaining a higher analyte extraction capacity.
Ultralow flow liquid chromatography and related approaches: A focus on recent bioanalytical applications
Authors: Greguš Michal , Ivanov Alexander R. , Wilson Steven Ray 
Published: August 2023

Ultralow flow LC employs ultra‐narrow bore columns and mid‐range pL/min to low nL/min flow rates (i.e., ≤20 nL/min). The separation columns that are used under these conditions are typically 2–30 μm in inner diameter. Ultralow flow LC systems allow for exceptionally high sensitivity and frequently high resolution. There has been an increasing interest in the analysis of scarce biological samples, for example, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, organelles, and single cells, and ultralow flow LC was efficiently applied to such samples. Hence, advances towards dedicated ultralow flow LC instrumentation, technical approaches, and higher throughput (e.g., tens‐to‐hundreds of single cells analyzed per day) were recently made. Here, we review the types of ultralow flow LC technology, followed by a discussion of selected representative ultralow flow LC applications, focusing on the progress made in bioanalysis of amount‐limited samples during the last 10 years. We also discuss several recently reported high‐sensitivity applications utilizing flow rates up to 100 nL/min, which are below commonly used nanoLC flow rates. Finally, we discuss the path forward for future developments of ultralow flow LC.
Engineering Biomimetic Microenvironment for Organoid
Authors: Chen Shuo , Wang Lijuan , Yang Lei , Rana Abdus Samad , He Chuanglong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganoid is an emerging frontier technology in the field of life science, in which pluripotent stem cells or tissue‐derived differentiated/progenitor cells form 3D structures according to their multi‐directional differentiation potential and self‐assembly ability. Nowadays, although various types of organoids are widely investigated, their construction is still complicated in operation, uncertain in yield, and poor in reproducibility for the structure and function of native organs. Constructing a biomimetic microenvironment for stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro is recognized as a key to driving this field. This review reviews the recent development of engineered biomimetic microenvironments for organoids. First, the composition of the matrix for organoid culture is summarized. Then, strategies for engineering the microenvironment from biophysical, biochemical, and cellular perspectives are discussed in detail. Subsequently, the newly developed monitoring technologies are also reviewed. Finally, a brief conclusion and outlook are presented for the inspiration of future research.
Mechanical Strain Tailoring via Magnetic Field Assisted 3D Printing of Iron Particles Embedded Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Afshari Pantea , Pavlyuk Maryna , Lira Cristian , Katnam Kali‐Babu , Bodaghi Mahdi , Yazdani Nezhad Hamed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of efficient, energy‐saving, and automated manufacturing of free‐form variable‐thickness polymer composite components has created a step‐change and enabled technology for the composites industry seeking geometry tailoring during a mould‐less and/or additive manufacturing such as that in 3D printing. The current article presents research on magnetic field assisted 3D printing of iron particles‐embedded thermoplastic polylactic acid, during a fused deposition method based 3D printing. The magnets are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the printed nanocomposite. The setup utilised Neodymium magnets with a constant strength below one Tesla. Observations have shown that the nanocomposites being printed undergo permanent macro‐scale deformations due to the extrinsic strains induced by the iron particles' magnetisation. To provide a theoretical understanding of the induced strains, a Multiphysics constitutive equation has been developed. The evolution of magnetisation within a relatively thick nanocomposite (5 mm thickness) has been studied. A correlation has been established between the extrinsic strains from the experimental data and the theoretical solution. The theory exhibits an accurate description of the field‐induced strains provided that real‐time temperatures for the printed layers are accounted for. The results demonstrate a viable and disruptive magnetic field‐equipped fabrication with ability for permanent geometry control during a process.
Hypomethylation of DYRK4 in peripheral blood is associated with increased lung cancer risk
Authors: Qiao Rong , Zhu Qiang , Di Feifei , Liu Chunlan , Song Yakang , Zhang Jin , Xu Tian , Wang Yue , Dai Liping , Gu Wanjian , Han Baohui , Yang Rongxi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. It is urgent to identify new biomarkers for the early detection of LC. DNA methylation in peripheral blood has been reported to be associated with cancers. We conducted two independent case–control studies and a nested case–control study (168 LC cases and 167 controls in study Ⅰ, 677 LC cases and 833 controls in study Ⅱ, 147 precancers and 21 controls in the nested case–control study). The methylation levels of DYRK4 CpG sites were measured using mass spectrometry and their correlations with LC were analyzed by logistic regression and nonparametric tests. Bonferroni correction was used for the multiple comparisons. LC‐related decreased DYRK4 methylation was discovered in Study I and validated in Study II (the odds ratios [ORs] for the lowest vs. highest quartile of all three DYRK4 CpG sites ranged from 1.64 to 2.09, all p < 0.001). Combining the two studies, hypomethylation of DYRK4 was observed in stage I cases (ORs per −10% methylation ranged from 1.16 to 1.38, all p < 5.9E−04), and could be enhanced by male gender (ORs ranged from 1.77 to 4.17 via interquartile analyses, all p < 0.017). Hypomethylation of DYRK4_A_CpG_2 was significantly correlated with tumor size, length, and stage (p = 0.034, 0.002, and 0.002, respectively) in LC cases. Our study disclosed the association between DYRK4 hypomethylation in peripheral blood and LC, suggesting the feasibility of blood‐based DNA methylation as new biomarker for LC detection.
Condition and postrelease mortality of angled Northern Pike temporarily retained on stringers
Authors: Madden Jamie C. , LaRochelle Luc , Burton Declan , Danylchuk Andy J. , Landsman Sean J. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Anglers typically use stringers to keep fish intended for harvest from spoiling or for high-grading purposes (i.e., culling). However, relatively few studies have examined the effects of temporary stringer retention on the physical condition and postrelease mortality of fish. In this study, our objective was to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of temporarily retaining Northern Pike Esox lucius on stringers.

Methods
We evaluated the blood physiology, reflex impairment, injury, and fate of 168 Northern Pike that were exposed for 2 h on one of five treatments: (1) cord stringer through the operculum, (2) cord stringer through the lower jaw, (3) metal stringer through the operculum, (4) metal stringer through the lower jaw, and (5) aerated tank control.

Result
Immediately after retention, blood lactate concentrations of stringer treatments were on average 42% greater relative to controls. Fish from the stringer treatments exhibited injuries of varying severity, most of which (e.g., gill lesions, expanded puncture wounds, swelling) were still present on surviving fish 48 h later. Reflexes were impaired for all stringer fish, whereas control fish tended to have all reflexes intact. No fish died during the treatment period. The highest occurrence of mortality was within the first 8 h following retention for the cord–operculum (48%), metal–jaw (15%), and metal–operculum (19%) treatments. Stringers placed through the operculum had a higher mortality rate (37%) compared with stringers placed through the lower jaw (17%), regardless of stringer type. Overall, 27% of fish placed on stringers died and 68% of the remaining fish showed injuries related to stringers, while control fish showed low mortality (7%) and no meaningful injuries.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that holding fish on stringers causes stress and injury levels that can result in postrelease mortality. As such, fisheries managers should consider restricting the release of fish placed on stringers, and once placed on a stringer, fish should be regarded as part of the daily harvest limit for a given angler.
Urinary incontinence‐related effects on functional connectivity circuits in persons with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Denmon Chanse , Wakeman Daniel G. , Vernon Mark , McGregor Keith , Krishnamurthy Venkatagiri , Krishnamurthy Lisa , Stevens Jennifer , Vaughan Camille P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionUrinary incontinence (UI) is a common and disruptive symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to identify neural correlates associated with UI among PD patients with UI (UI‐PD) compared to those PD patients without UI (nonUI‐PD) with the expectation of demonstrating increased functional connectivity (FC) between areas in the striatum and limbic system and decreased FC in executive areas.MethodsrsfMRI and T1w data (n = 119) were retrieved from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Resting‐state FC analyses assessed temporal covariance with anterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and putamen seed regions.ResultsThe UI‐PD group (n = 32, 16 females) showed significantly greater positive FC between the bilateral putamen seed and the right caudate and right thalamus (p < 0.01), relative to individuals with PD but who did not have UI (n = 87, 18 females). The UI‐PD group showed greater negative FC between the anterior cingulate seed and right angular gyrus (p < 0.01) relative to nonUI‐PD.ConclusionIndividuals with PD and UI display stronger FC within neural circuits likely affected by PD such as between the putamen and caudate, as well as within those associated with brain bladder control, compared to persons with PD and without UI. Clinical application based on this study's results can provide greater discernment of treatment strategies for UI‐PD patients.