bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of fin density and fin height on flow-induced vibration behavior of finned tube arrays subjected to water cross flow
Authors: Desai Sandeep Rangrao , Sonare Mangalsing Narsing 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe prediction of critical velocity at instability threshold for shell and tube heat exchangers is important to avoid failure of tubes as a result of flow-induced vibrations due to water cross flow. The flow-induced vibration in finned tube heat exchangers is affected by various parameters such as fin height, fin pitch, fin material, tube array, pitch ratio, fin type, fluid velocity etc. In this paper, an experimental investigation of fluid elastic instability in shell and tube heat exchangers is carried out by subjecting normal square finned tube arrays of pitch ratio 1.79 to water cross flow.Design/methodology/approachThe five tube arrays, namely plain array, two finned tube arrays with 3 fpi and 9 fpi fin density, and two finned tube arrays with 3 mm and 6 mm fin height are tested in the experimental test setup with water flow loop and vibration measurement system. The research objective is to evaluate the effect of fin density and fin height on the instability threshold. The critical velocity at instability threshold is determined to characterize the fluid elastic instability behavior of different tube arrays. The vortex shedding behavior of the tube arrays is also studied by determining Strouhal number corresponding to the small peaks before fluid elastic instability.FindingsThe fluid elastic instability behavior of the tube arrays was found to be the function of fin tube parameters. The experimental results indicate that an increase in fin density and fin height results in delaying the instability threshold for finned tube arrays. It is also observed that critical velocity at instability is increased for finned tube arrays compared to plain tube arrays of the same pitch ratio. The design modifications in the outer box have resulted in further reduction in the natural frequency. This enabled to reach clear instability for all the five-tube arrays.Originality/valueThe research data add the value to the present body of knowledge by knowing the effect of fin height and fin density on the fluid elastic instability threshold of normal square finned tube arrays subjected to water cross flow.
Factors affecting populations of the endemic Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) after the first myxomatosis outbreaks in Central Spain
Authors: LÁZARO Carlos , GUZMÁN José Luis , CASAS Fabián , SÁNCHEZ‐GARCÍA Carlos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) is an endemic species distributed in Spain and Portugal. Myxomatosis outbreaks affecting this species were detected in 2018 in Central and Southern Spain, spreading afterward. Aiming to evaluate factors affecting the status of hare population after the arrival of myxomatosis, we conducted 108 nocturnal hare counts in Central Spain during two study periods (winter/spring and summer/autumn) in 54 different hunting grounds, covering 1071 km and observing 884 individuals. The mean density in winter/spring was 7.66 hares/100 ha, (range 6.14–9.54/100 ha), while in summer/autumn, it was 3.4 hares/100 ha (range 2.6–4.4/100 ha). Densities of hares were not affected by the dominant habitat and the presence/absence of myxomatosis outbreaks. Hares were more abundant at hunting grounds at a higher altitude and in those conducting targeted management, while detection of myxomatosis was related to lower altitude and higher levels of game management. A MaxEnt model used to generate a risk map for myxomatosis occurrence showed that the temperature annual range was the most important predictor, which suggests that environmental factors affecting myxomatosis vectors (mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks) could play a key role in disease transmission. As myxomatosis in hares is becoming endemic, hare densities may be improved by game management and the monitoring and surveillance of this emerging disease. These surveillance programs could be the basis of effective collaborations between hunters, researchers, and environmental managers.
Genome‐wide association study identified the candidate genes associated with angel wing trait in Pekin duck
Authors: Sun Yun‐xiao , Sang Qiang‐qiang , Yin Zhong‐tao , Zhang Fan , Zhu Feng , Hou Zhuo‐cheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAngel wing is a developmental wing deformity that can influence breeding and reproduction in the commercial duck industry. The nutrition foundation of angel wing trait was initially explored, but the genetic basic remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified candidate genes and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with angel wing trait in Pekin ducks using a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and selective sweep analysis. The GWAS results showed that nine SNPs across five chromosomes were significantly correlated with the angel wing trait. In total, 468 selection signals were shown between the angel wing ducks and normal ducks, and these signals harbored 154 genes, which were enriched in the nervous system and metabolism. This study provides the new insights into the genetic factors that may influence duck angel wing.
Predicting the distributions of Pouteria adolfi‐friederici and Prunus africana tree species under current and future climate change scenarios in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Zerihun , Nemomissa Sileshi , Lemessa Debissa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDistributions of potential ranges of plant species are not yet fully known in Ethiopia where high climatic variability and vegetation types are found. This study was undertaken to predict distributions of suitable habitats of Pouteria adolfi‐friederici and Prunus africana under current and two future climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 in 2050 and 2070) in Ethiopia. Eleven environmental variables with less correlation coefficients (r < 0.7) were used to make the prediction. Shifting in extents of habitat suitability and effects of elevation, solar radiation and topographic position in relation to the current and future climatic scenarios were statistically analysed using independent t‐test and linear model. We found decreasing area of highly suitable habitat from 0.51% to 0.46%, 0.36% and 0.33%, 0.24% for Prunus africana and 1.13% to 1.02%, 0.77% and 0.76%, 0.60% for Pouteria adolfi‐friederici, under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 by 2050 and 2070 respectively. Moist and dry afromontane forests are identified as the most suitable habitat for both species. Overall, our results suggest that climate change can promote dynamic suitable habitat niches under different future climate scenarios. Therefore, biodiversity conservation strategies should take into account habitat suitability dynamics issues and identify where to conserve species before implementing conservation practices.
“The other side of the table…’: Early career gynaecological oncologists' transition from trainee to trainer
Authors: Rao Archana , Smith Julian A. , Nestel Debra 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe transition to consultant practice represents an important transition from the role of trainee to trainer. We used the theoretical framework of Threshold Concepts to better understand this transition by analysing data from a broader qualitative study examining the experience of early career Certified Gynaecological Oncologists (CGOs) in Australia and New Zealand.Materials and methodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with CGOs of <5 years consultant experience. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, sensitised by the theoretical framework of Threshold Concepts.ResultsSeven early career CGOs were interviewed. Analysis resulted in the construction of five main themes related to the trainer role, each demonstrating characteristics of Threshold Concepts: ‘Part of becoming and being a consultant’; ‘Managing complex work environments and training responsibilities’; ‘Optimising near peer relationships’; ‘Recency informing evolution of training’; and “‘Being responsible and letting go…’ – the next transition.”DiscussionThe themes offer insights into the areas of the transition to trainer that are troublesome, the impact of negotiating these challenges on professional identity formation, and the strategies used by CGOs to negotiate them. Using the lens of Threshold Concepts, these experiences can be normalised, and supported through efforts to facilitate the development of skills in reflection, feedback, coaching and mentorship.
Pulmonary function tests for evaluating the severity of Duchenne muscular dystrophy disease
Authors: Levine Hagit , Goldfarb Itai , Katz Julia , Carmeli Moriah , Shochat Tzippy , Mussaffi Huda , Aharoni Sharon , Prais Dario , Nevo Yoram 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimIn Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), lung disease contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of various pulmonary function tests in evaluating DMD severity.MethodsThis retrospective study analysed lung function tests of patients with DMD‐treated in the multidisciplinary respiratory neuromuscular clinic at Schneiders' Children Medical Center of Israel. Data were analysed according to age, ambulatory status and glucocorticoid treatment.ResultsAmong 90 patients with DMD, 40/63 (63.5%) ambulatory patients and 22/27 (81.5%) nonambulatory patients successfully performed spirometry. Significant annual declines were demonstrated among nonambulatory patients, in percentile predicted forced vital capacity (3.8%) and in total lung capacity (5.5%) per year. The decline correlated with age and loss of ambulation but not with steroid treatment. Peak cough flow values were randomly distributed and did not correlate with age, ambulation or treatment. In nonambulatory patients, transcutaneous carbon dioxide measurement correlated significantly with age (r = 0.55, p = 0.02).ConclusionForced vital capacity, total lung capacity and transcutaneous carbon dioxide correlated with the clinical severity of disease in children with DMD. These measures may be useful in follow‐up and clinical trials. A comparable correlation was not found for peak cough flow.
Assessment of a compounded synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone product in 17 healthy dogs
Authors: Yang W , Hosgood G , Foster S , Langner K , Hayward D , Thompson M 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesSynthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone or tetracosactide is routinely used in the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism and frequently in the diagnosis and treatment of hyperadrenocorticism. There have been repeated shortages of tetracosactide in recent years in Australia.This study investigated the agreement of serum cortisol after a compounded tetracosactide (Bova Aus), compared to commercial tetracosactide (Synacthen®) in healthy dogs.MethodsProspective crossover study using 20 dogs. Ten dogs received 5 μg/kg Synacthen® on day 1 and 5 μg/kg compounded tetracosactide on Day 2. The other 10 dogs received the reverse order. Cortisol concentrations in each dog 1 h after injection were compared for agreement, which was defined as the limits of agreement of the Bland–Altman ratio to be within a range of 0.8–1.25. Passing‐Bablok regression analysis examined for constant and proportional biases.ResultsThree dogs were excluded with post‐stimulation serum cortisol concentrations markedly outside reference interval. For the remaining 17 dogs, Bland–Altman ratio analysis of cortisol concentration (tetracosactide/Synacthen®) at 1 h found virtually no constant bias (mean of ratios 1.01;95% CI 0.97–1.05) and 95% limits of agreement were 0.88 (95% CI 0.78–0.90) and 1.17 (95% CI 1.13–1.25). This met our criteria for agreement between cortisol concentrations. Bias of the Bland–Altman difference was 2.8 nmol/L (95% CI −7.2 to 12.8); 95% limits of agreement −35.2 nmol/L (95% CI −57.0 to −26.1) and 40.8 nmol/L (95% CI 31.7–62.6). Passing‐Bablok regression analysis did not identify bias.ConclusionIn healthy dogs, cortisol concentrations were in agreement after compounded tetracosactide compared to commercial tetracosactide, Synacthen®.
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and bioavailability of lithium from processed lithiated and nonlithiated white Agaricus bisporus mushrooms
Authors: Pankavec Sviatlana , Falandysz Jerzy , Eun Heesoo , Barałkiewicz Danuta , Fernandes Alwyn R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimIn order to avoid side effects of lithium doses in some patients, some commonly cultivated mushroom species including A. bisporus have been successfully lithiated, with the potential to provide more acceptable sources of Li. This study assessed the in vitro release (potential bioaccessibility) and possible intake of Li using the action of artificial gastrointestinal juices on lithiated and nonlithiated (control) button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) that were subjected to certain modes of culinary processing.MethodsIn the in vitro release study, mushrooms were processed using a number of routinely used domestic treatments including rehydrating dried mushrooms, blanching and blanching followed by pickling of fresh or frozen mushrooms. The in vitro digestion procedure used artificial gastrointestinal juices in a two‐stage methodology that was adapted from ‘The Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe’ method. The Li concentrations were determined using an inductively coupled argon plasma–dynamic reactive cell–mass spectrometer.ResultsLithium was found to be more bioaccessible from caps of lithiated mushrooms compared with nonlithiated. Releases from the caps and stipes of blanched or blanched and then pickled mushrooms through gastric digestion ranged from 32 ± 2 to 50 ± 1% relative to the dried product and was lower for gastrointestinal digestion, which ranged from 16 ± 1 to 20 ± 1%.ConclusionLosses of Li sustained through blanching or blanching followed by pickling of fresh mushrooms (41–87% wet weight) combined with limited accessibility during gastrointestinal release (16–55%) result in much lower bioavailability of the dose from lithiated products. A 300‐g meal would provide <5% of the Li (6 mg) required for potential preventative treatments, such as reducing suicide rates and lowering dementia risk.
Bayesian Design of Multi-Regional Clinical Trials with Time-to-Event Endpoints
Authors: Bean Nathan William , Ibrahim Joseph George , Psioda Matthew Austin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSponsors often rely on multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs) to introduce new treatments more rapidly into the global market. Many commonly used statistical methods do not account for regional differences, and small regional sample sizes frequently result in lower estimation quality of region-specific treatment effects. The International Council for Harmonization E17 guidelines suggest consideration of methods that allow for information borrowing across regions to improve estimation. In response to these guidelines, we develop a novel methodology to estimate global and region-specific treatment effects from MRCTs with time-to-event endpoints using Bayesian model averaging (BMA). This approach accounts for the possibility of heterogeneous treatment effects between regions, and we discuss how to assess the consistency of these effects using posterior model probabilities. We obtain posterior samples of the treatment effects using a Laplace approximation, and we show through simulation studies that the proposed modeling approach estimates region-specific treatment effects with lower mean squared error than a Cox proportional hazards model while resulting in a similar rejection rate of the global treatment effect. We then apply the BMA approach to data from the LEADER trial, an MRCT designed to evaluate the cardiovascular safety of an anti-diabetic treatment.
Effect sizes in ANCOVA and difference‐in‐differences designs
Authors: Hedges Larry V. , Tipton Elizabeth , Zejnullahi Rrita , Diaz Karina G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is common practice in both randomized and quasi‐experiments to adjust for baseline characteristics when estimating the average effect of an intervention. The inclusion of a pre‐test, for example, can reduce both the standard error of this estimate and—in non‐randomized designs—its bias. At the same time, it is also standard to report the effect of an intervention in standardized effect size units, thereby making it comparable to other interventions and studies. Curiously, the estimation of this effect size, including covariate adjustment, has received little attention. In this article, we provide a framework for defining effect sizes in designs with a pre‐test (e.g., difference‐in‐differences and analysis of covariance) and propose estimators of those effect sizes. The estimators and approximations to their sampling distributions are evaluated using a simulation study and then demonstrated using an example from published data.
Lateral migration and channel bend morphology around growing folds (Niger Delta continental slope)
Authors: Bouchakour Massine , Zhao Xiaoming , Miclăuș Crina , Yang Baoquan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions of submarine channels with seafloor deformations is challenging as these channels more often involve a wide variety of responses relying on both autogenic and allogenic factors. The effect of active growing structures on channel pathways is well documented, but the evolution of lateral migration and the internal architectures along the deflected channel bends around ongoing active structures remain poorly constrained. Here, we use 3D seismic interpretation and quantitative geomorphologic methods to examine the channel bend morphology and the kinematics of lateral migration near gravity‐driven tectonic deformation. Using high‐resolution seismic reflection data acquired from the offshore Niger Delta, two‐channel levee systems (Amaku Major System and Amaku Channel Levee System) have been recognized in the seismic survey. Each system consists of three channel complexes, recording five types of deflected channel bends, defined here as: (i) avulsed bend, (ii) confined bend, (iii) chute cut‐off bend, (iv) blocked bend and (v) kinked bend. Geomorphologic parameters including bend sinuosity, bend amplitude, along‐bend length, straight‐bend length, channel depth and width, were considered within the deflected channels. Lateral migration estimators; channel lateral shift (SH), and channel lateral spacing (CS), were assessed throughout the distances of cross‐sectional channel patterns. The lateral migration estimators (SH and CS) were used to estimate the expression of internal architectures and the evolution of lateral migration around seabed deformation at the scale of the channel complex. The results show that the morphology and internal architecture of the deflected bends, although developing in the same structural context, display varied responses to structural deformation. Unlike previously published models of channel‐fold interactions asserting tectonics as the solitary driver, here we demonstrate that the channel deflections around structures are sensitive to the lateral confinement produced by sediment relief of the outer levees, and the autogenic forcing of channel mechanisms. This study provides new insights into the evolution of submarine channels in active tectonic settings, shows detailed mechanisms of channel bends at a small scale and offers a better understanding of the distribution of sediments in the deep sea.
Early childhood naps initiate emotional memory processing in preparation for enhanced overnight consolidation
Authors: Hanron Olivia , Mason Gina M. , Holmes Jennifer F. , Spencer Rebecca M. C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEarly childhood naps support emotional memory, but benefits are only observed after overnight sleep. Whether emotional memory consolidation occurs during naps, or whether napping only prepares memories for overnight consolidation is unknown. We investigated whether naps protect emotional memories from interference, indicating consolidation. Between 2018 and 2020, 63 children in western Massachusetts preschools (30 female, 33 male; 33–67 months; 23.8% Hispanic, 87.3% White) learned faces paired with negative or neutral descriptions, followed by nap or wake. Before delayed recognition, half completed an interference task. Without interference, napping benefited recognition. With interference, children recognized fewer negative faces post‐nap (compared to wake), with overnight sleep attenuating this difference. Results suggest that naps initially destabilize emotional memories, possibly reflecting partial processing that promotes long‐term consolidation.
The significance of vertical platform discrepancies and splinting on marginal bone levels for adjacent dental implants
Authors: Lin Guo‐Hao , Tran Christine , Brzyska Karolina , Kan Joseph Y. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Curtis Donald A. , Kao Richard T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of vertical platform discrepancies for splinted and non‐splinted adjacent implants on radiographic marginal bone loss (RMBL).MethodsData from January 2000 to February 2021 were collected from the electronic charts of 156 patients with 337 implants at the UCSF School of Dentistry. Five different implant restoration categories were evaluated for radiographic evidence of proximal RMBL. Patients with (1) two adjacent single crowns, (2) two adjacent splinted crowns, (3) three‐unit bridges supported by two implants, (4) three adjacent single crowns, and (5) three adjacent splinted crowns. Inclusion required baseline radiograph taken at the time of prosthesis delivery or final impression, and follow‐up radiographs at least 12 months after restorations have been in function. Measurements assessed included vertical distance between adjacent implant platforms and proximal RMBL around implants. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of implants with ≥1 mm RMBL between different type of restorations were calculated.ResultsIn general, prostheses supported by splinted adjacent implants demonstrated a significant association with the presence of ≥1 mm RMBL (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.17–5.17, p = 0.018) when compared to prostheses supported by non‐splinted adjacent implants. In addition, prostheses with a vertical platform discrepancy ≥0.5 mm demonstrated a significant association with the presence of ≥1 mm RMBL (OR = 4.30, 95% CI = 1.85 to 10.01, p = 0.007) when compared to prostheses with a vertical platform discrepancy <0.5 mm. When adjacent implants had ≥0.5 mm vertical platform discrepancy, the majority (66.67%) of three splinted adjacent crowns had at least one implant with ≥1 mm RMBL. This was followed by two splinted adjacent crowns (58.97%), three‐unit bridge (25.93%), two single adjacent crowns (24.24%), and three single adjacent crowns (18.18%). When adjacent implants had ≥1 mm vertical platform discrepancy, there was an increased percentage of implants with ≥1 mm RMBL. The restorative design associated with the highest percent of implants with bone loss was three splinted adjacent crowns (70%), two splinted adjacent crowns (61.11%), three single adjacent crowns (40%), and three‐unit bridge and two single adjacent implants (21.05%). Three splinted adjacent crowns were significantly associated with ≥1 mm RMBL when compared to three‐unit bridge (OR 6.56, 95% CI 1.59–27.07). Similarly, two splinted crowns were significantly associated with ≥1 mm RMBL when compared to two single crowns (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.08–5.79).ConclusionTwo or three adjacent implants placed with a vertical platform discrepancy, when splinted together, are associated with higherincidence of ≥1 mm RMBL than non‐splinted restorations.