bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between local and three validated triage systems in an emergency department for 2126 children under 3 months
Authors: Mollet Agathe , Rousselet Louis , Tristram Domitille , Kalach Nicolas , Pelzer Marie Moukagni , Charkaluk Marie‐Laure , Delebarre Mathilde 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTriage of patients less than 3 months old was not already studied. The aim was to evaluate Paediatric Emergency Department triage in patients less than 3 months old and newborns using a local system in comparison with three validated paediatric triage systems (Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale, Manchester Triage System and Emergency Severity Index) and to determine inter‐system agreement.MethodsAll admissions of patients less than 3 months old admitted to the Emergency Department of the Saint Vincent University Hospital between April 2018 and December 2019 were included. The local triage system level was determined prospectively for comparison with retrospectively calculated triage levels of the validated systems. Hospitalisation rates were compared and inter‐system agreements determined.ResultsAmong emergency admissions, 2126 were included (55% males, mean age 45 days). Hospitalisation rate increased with priority severity as determined by all triage systems studied. Cohen's kappa showed slight agreement between the local triage system and the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale, Emergency Severity Index and Manchester Triage System (weighted kappa = 0.133, 0.185 and 0.157 respectively).ConclusionWhether prospective or retrospective triage used, the systems studied exhibited good association with hospitalisation rate for patients aged less than 3 months and newborn infants.
Cooperatives and sustainability drivers in the Spanish wine sector. What differences do we find with investor owner firms?
Authors: Ferrer Juan Ramón , García‐Cortijo María‐Carmen , Castillo Valero Juan‐Sebastián , Pinilla Vicente , Serrano Raúl 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe fight against climate change has become a basic vector for agri‐food business strategies. In Spain, commercial wineries (Investor Owner Firms, IOFs) and cooperatives are facing major challenges in adapting to the most stringent environmental requirements and in becoming sustainable and environmentally responsible companies. The European winemaking model, unlike its “new world” competitors, has a very distinct configuration with the predominance of the social economy in parallel with capitalist enterprises. However, these two forms of business organization are different in terms of objectives, position in the value chain, type of organization and form of management. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether these two types of companies have a different orientation towards sustainability, and which are the drivers that facilitate a greater approach to sustainability in each group. With a sample of 411 wineries, the results of the study show a lower orientation towards sustainability among the cooperatives, without a relevant alignment of their resources towards this objective. However, IOFs orient their resources towards sustainability in a consistent and strategic way. This may infer that the European model, with a clear advantage in the social component, could be somewhat more limited in the environmental aspect.
Modelling ASthma TrEatment Responses (MASTER): Effect of individual patient characteristics on the risk of exacerbation in moderate or severe asthma: A time‐to‐event analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Oosterholt Sean , Pavord Ian D. , Brusselle Guy , Yorgancıoğlu Arzu , Pitrez Paulo M. , PG Abhijith , Teli Chirag , Della Pasqua Oscar 
Published: May 2023

AimsThere is limited understanding of how clinical and demographic characteristics are associated with exacerbation risk in patients with moderate‐to‐severe asthma, and how these factors correlate with symptom control and treatment response. Here we assess the relationship between baseline characteristics and exacerbation risk during regular dosing with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) monotherapy or in combination with long‐acting beta2‐agonists (ICS/LABA) in clinical trial patients with varying levels of symptom control, as assessed by the asthma control questionnaire (ACQ‐5).MethodsA time‐to‐event model was developed using pooled patient data (N = 16 282) from nine clinical studies [Correction added on 26 July 2023, after first online publication: The N value in the preceding sentence has been corrected in this version.]. A parametric hazard function was used to describe the time‐to‐first exacerbation. Covariate analysis included the assessment of the effect of seasonal variation, clinical and demographic baseline characteristics on baseline hazard. Predictive performance was evaluated by standard graphical and statistical methods.ResultsAn exponential hazard model best described the time‐to‐first exacerbation in moderate‐to‐severe asthma patients. Body mass index, smoking status, sex, ACQ‐5, % predicted forced expiratory volume over 1 s (FEV1p) and season were identified as statistically significant covariates affecting baseline hazard irrespective of ICS or ICS/LABA use. Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (FP/SAL) combination therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the baseline hazard (30.8%) relative to FP monotherapy.ConclusionsInterindividual differences at baseline and seasonal variation affect the exacerbation risk independently from drug treatment. Moreover, it appears that even when a comparable level of symptom control is achieved in a group of patients, each individual may have a different exacerbation risk, depending on their baseline characteristics and time of the year. These findings highlight the importance of personalized interventions in moderate‐to‐severe asthma patients.
Correcting for Bias Due to Mismeasured Exposure History in Longitudinal Studies with Continuous Outcomes
Authors: Cai Jiachen , Zhang Ning , Zhou Xin , Spiegelman Donna , Wang Molin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epidemiologists are often interested in estimating the effect of functions of time-varying exposure histories in relation to continuous outcomes, for example, cognitive function. However, the individual exposure measurements that constitute the history upon which an exposure history function is constructed are usually mismeasured. To obtain unbiased estimates of the effects for mismeasured functions in longitudinal studies, a method incorporating main and validation studies was developed. Simulation studies under several realistic assumptions were conducted to assess its performance compared to standard analysis, and we found that the proposed method has good performance in terms of finite sample bias reduction and nominal confidence interval coverage. We applied it to a study of long-term exposure to , in relation to cognitive decline in the Nurses' Health Study Previously, it was found that the 2-year decline in the standard measure of cognition was 0.018 (95% CI, −0.034 to −0.001) units worse per 10 increase in exposure. After correction, the estimated impact of on cognitive decline increased to 0.027 (95% CI, −0.059 to 0.005) units lower per 10 increase. To put this into perspective, effects of this magnitude are about 2/3 of those found in our data associated with each additional year of aging: 0.044 (95% CI, −0.047 to −0.040) units per 1 year older after applying our correction method.
Footwall geomorphology during necking domain evolution: A new model for the Frøya High, mid‐Norwegian rifted margin
Authors: Gresseth Julie Linnéa Sehested , Osmundsen Per Terje , Péron‐Pinvidic Gwenn 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObservations and modelling results from highly extended regions indicate that detachment fault systems recording displacements of 10 km or more become associated with footwall uplift and back‐rotation. This is commonly explained by the rolling hinge model, which predicts detachment fault back‐rotation and severe dip reduction (<20°) controlled by the amount of extension. Although detachment faults within necking domains at rifted margins often record displacements in orders consistent with those for the rolling hinge model, it is rarely invoked to explain the associated footwall configurations. Our study area encircles the necking domain of the mid‐Norwegian rifted margin, where the Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Klakk Fault Complex (KFC) directly separates the Frøya High from the Rås Basin. The Frøya High represents the eroded footwall of the KFC detachment fault system which records displacements of 20–40 km. Seismic mapping and well correlation across the Frøya High reveal how three erosional unconformities correspond to three laterally extensive top basement segments which follow the strike of the sinuous KFC. The segments differ in terms of dip, basement geomorphology and the composition and age of the sediments that rest unconformably on the top of basement. We attribute the associated cross‐cutting basement unconformities across the Frøya High to footwall uplift and back‐rotation during fluctuating relative sea‐level and repeated subaerial exposure during Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous times. We herein introduce a revised tectono‐sedimentary model for the evolution of the Frøya High, with significant implications for sediment (re‐)routing across the high during rifting. The model indicates that spatio‐temporal sediment distribution was ultimately controlled by the process of necking and evolution of the KFC. Our findings indicate a rolling hinge‐type evolution for the KFC and further suggest that the associated mechanisms may be more common in the necking domains of rifted margins than previously assumed.
L'étude des milieux de vie et de leurs populations : les chantiers d'une géographie historique environnementale au Québec
Authors: Castonguay Stéphane 
Published: May 2023

RésuméL'histoire environnementale contribue à la géographie historique au Québec par l'attention qu'elle porte aux dimensions spatiales et matérielles des rapports entre la société et l'environnement. Cette contribution que peut caractériser l'appellation de «géographie historique environnementale » se remarque par une série de travaux qui enrichissent notre compréhension des rapports entre les populations et les milieux de vie forestiers, ruraux, et urbains. La mise à contribution d'outils numériques, comme les systèmes d'informations géohistoriques, et de sources numérisées, comme les cartes historiques et les archives d'arpentage, permet de refondre les modes d'appréhension des rapports aux territoires de pans mouvants de la société québécoise et d'offrir une réinterprétation géographique et écologique de problèmes historiques. En repensant conjointement le passé et l'espace à partir de nouvelles questions, méthodes et théories, ainsi que de sources récemment révélées ou remises en disponibilité sous format numérique, la géographie historique environnementale projette des créneaux intellectuels neufs pour saisir les rapports entre les populations et leurs milieux de vie.
Peer learning and cultural evolution
Authors: Lew‐Levy Sheina , van den Bos Wouter , Corriveau Kathleen , Dutra Natália , Flynn Emma , O'Sullivan Eoin , Pope‐Caldwell Sarah , Rawlings Bruce , Smolla Marco , Xu Jing , Wood Lara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, we integrate cultural evolutionary theory with empirical research from developmental psychology, cultural anthropology, and primatology to explore the role of peer learning in the development of complex instrumental skills and behavioral norms. We show that instrumental imitation, contingent teaching, generative collaboration, and selective copying contribute to domain‐specific transmission of knowledge between peers. Stages of development and characteristics inherent to the learner and model influence how and when children learn from each other. Peer learning is persistent across societies despite cultural beliefs that favor adult–child transmission in some settings. Comparative research hints at the possibility that children's greater motivation to interact with and learn from each other may set humans apart from other primates. We conclude by outlining avenues for future research, including how individual characteristics and developmental changes in social networks, motivation, and cognition may contribute to cultural evolution.
Computed tomography of the equine elbow: A subchondral bone lesion in a novel location
Authors: Bowkett‐Pritchard Constance , Sinovich Matthew , Meehan Lucinda J. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryA yearling Oldenburg filly presented for acute severe forelimb lameness, localised to the cubital joint by intrasynovial anaesthesia. Computed tomographic examination of the elbow under general anaesthesia revealed a region of osseous resorption surrounded by a sclerotic rim within the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The lesion was confirmed via arthroscopy and treated with debridement and subsequent intra‐articular stem cell therapy. The authors describe a resorptive subchondral bone lesion in a previously undescribed location within the elbow.
Complement: Functions, location and implications
Authors: Kareem Samer , Jacob Alexander , Mathew John , Quigg Richard J. , Alexander Jessy J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe complement system, an arm of the innate immune system plays a critical role in both health and disease. The complement system is highly complex with dual possibilities, helping or hurting the host, depending on the location and local microenvironment. The traditionally known functions of complement include surveillance, pathogen recognition, immune complex trafficking, processing and pathogen elimination. The noncanonical functions of the complement system include their roles in development, differentiation, local homeostasis and other cellular functions. Complement proteins are present in both, the plasma and on the membranes. Complement activation occurs both extra‐ and intracellularly, which leads to considerable pleiotropy in their activity. In order to design more desirable and effective therapies, it is important to understand the different functions of complement, and its location‐based and tissue‐specific responses. This manuscript will provide a brief overview into the complex nature of the complement cascade, outlining some of their complement‐independent functions, their effects at different locale, and their implication in disease settings.
Final‐stage densification kinetics of direct current–sintered ZrB2
Authors: Stanfield Austin D. , Smith Steven M. , Filipović Suzana , Obradović Nina , Buljak Vladimir , Hilmas Gregory E. , Fahrenholtz William G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFinal‐stage sintering was analyzed for nominally phase pure zirconium diboride synthesized by borothermal reduction of high‐purity ZrO2. Analysis was conducted on ZrB2 ceramics with relative densities greater than 90% using the Nabarro–Herring stress–directed vacancy diffusion model. Temperatures of 1900°C or above and an applied uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa were required to fully densify ZrB2 ceramics by direct current sintering. Ram travel data were collected and used to determine the relative density of the specimens during sintering. Specimens sintered between 1900 and 2100°C achieved relative densities greater than 97%, whereas specimens sintered below 1900°C failed to reach the final stage of sintering. The average grain size ranged from 1.0 to 14.7 μm. The activation energy was calculated from the slope of an Arrhenius plot that used the Kalish equation. The activation energy was 162 ± 34 kJ/mol, which is consistent with the activation energy for dislocation movement in ZrB2. The diffusion coefficients for dislocation motion that controls densification were 5.1 × 10−6 cm2/s at 1900°C and 5.1 × 10−5 cm2/s at 2100°C, as calculated from activation energy and average grain sizes. This study provides evidence that the dominant mechanism for final‐stage sintering of ZrB2 ceramics is dislocation motion.
Tissue‐ and diet‐dependent stable carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination: a calibration study in a captive shorebird species
Authors: Oortwijn Tim , de Monte Luc G. G. , Varley Daniel P. , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , van Gils Jan A. 
Published: May 2023

In ecology, stable‐isotope ratios are widely used to determine diets of organisms and reconstruct food webs. This is usually done by analyzing the stable‐isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N), which increase with increasing trophic level, and those of carbon (δ13C), which correlate with the δ13C value of food source(s) and generally differ between terrestrial and marine food sources. Assimilation of food changes stable‐isotope ratios, resulting in different values between the food source and its consumer. These differences are known as isotope trophic discrimination factors and, if known, can be used to determine from the stable‐isotope ratios in the consumer's tissue what the consumer has been eating. What is often ignored is that discrimination factors can differ between consumer's food sources and also between tissue types. Therefore, we performed a controlled feeding study in red knots Calidris canutus to determine discrimination factors between different food sources and red knot tissues. We kept two groups of red knots in captivity on a stable diet, one group feeding on mudsnails and the other on Trouvit pellets, for several months, during which the birds molted their feathers. We analyzed δ13C and δ15N in both food sources and in five red knot tissues (blood cells, blood plasma and three feather types) and subsequently calculated the isotope discrimination factors. We confirmed that the discrimination factors differed between tissues, and also between diets. Our values deviated from general averages reported in reviews on a wide range of animals/birds, but were very similar to values from previous red knot and dunlin studies. We therefore think that our discrimination factors can be used in future stable isotope studies, not only on red knots, but also on other marine shorebird species and plea for careful consideration of using the right discrimination factors.Keywords: δ13C, δ15N, discrimination factor, red knot, shorebird, stable isotope
The spillover effects of financial misconduct on director‐interlocked firms: Evidence from auditor scrutiny
Authors: Li Rong , Cai Wenjing , Wang Zehao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of firm financial misconduct on its director‐interlocked firms from the perspective of auditors. We argue that when a firm engages in financial misconduct, auditors tend to perceive its director‐interlocked firms as having higher audit risks. This is because accounting policies, procedures and corporate governance can propagate via common directors. Using a sample of listed US firms from 1999 to 2018, we find that auditors charge higher fees for firms whose director‐interlocked firms engage in financial misconduct. Further analyses show that this spillover effect is stronger when focal firms are riskier (when they are financially distressed or have worse earnings quality) or they have weaker alternative monitoring mechanisms (as evidenced by lower institutional shareholding). The effect is also more prominent when the tainted directors hold important positions or the financial misconduct is more severe. We also find that the higher auditor fees arise from not only risk premium but also greater audit effort. Our results are still valid after conducting a series of robustness tests.
Right atrial collision time (RACT): A novel marker of propensity for typical atrial flutter
Authors: Ryckman Nick , Crinion Derek , Enriquez Andres , Bakker David , Chacko Sanoj , Abdollah Hoshiar , Baranchuk Adrian , Simpson Christopher , Redfearn Damian P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe risk of typical atrial flutter (AFL) is increased proportionately to right atrial (RA) size or right atrial scarring that results in reduced conduction velocity. These characteristics result in propagation of a flutter wave by ensuring the macro re‐entrant wave front does not meet its refractory tail. The time taken to traverse the circuit would take account of both of these characteristics and may provide a novel marker of propensity to develop AFL. Our goal was to investigate right atrial collision time (RACT) as a marker of existing typical AFL.MethodsThis single‐centre, prospective study recruited consecutive typical AFL ablation patients that were in sinus rhythm. Controls were consecutive electrophysiology study patients >18 years of age. While pacing the coronary sinus (CS) ostium at 600 ms, a local activation time map was created to locate the latest collision point on the anterolateral right atrial wall. This RACT is a measure of conduction velocity and distance from CS to a collision point on the lateral right atrial wall.ResultsNinety‐eight patients were included in the analysis, 41 with atrial flutter and 57 controls. Patients with atrial flutter were older, 64.7 ± 9.7 versus 52.4 ± 16.8 years (<.001), and more often male (34/41 vs. 31/57 [.003]). The AFL group mean RACT (132.6 ± 17.3 ms) was significantly longer than that of controls (99.1 ± 11.6 ms) (p < .001). A RACT cut‐off of 115.5 ms had a sensitivity and specificity of 92.7% and 93.0%, respectively for diagnosis of atrial flutter. A ROC curve indicated an AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–1.0, p < .01).ConclusionRACT is a novel and promising marker of propensity for typical AFL. This data will inform larger prospective studies.
A frog‐derived antimicrobial peptide as a potential anti‐biofilm agent in combating Staphylococcus aureus skin infection
Authors: Fei Fan , Wang Tao , Jiang Yangyang , Chen Xiaoling , Ma Chengbang , Zhou Mei , Wu Qinan , Cao Peng , Duan Jinao , Chen Tianbao , Burrows James F. , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), one of the most prevalent bacteria found in atopic dermatitis lesions, can induce ongoing infections and inflammation by downregulating the expression of host defence peptides in the skin. In addition, the emergence of the ‘superbug’ Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has made the treatment of these infections more challenging. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), due to their potent antimicrobial activity, limited evidence of resistance development, and potential immunomodulatory effects, have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutic agents for atopic dermatitis. In this study, we report a novel AMP, brevinin‐1E‐OG9, isolated from the skin secretions of Odorrana grahami, which shows potent antibacterial activity, especially against S. aureus. Based on the characteristics of the ‘Rana Box’, we designed a set of brevinin‐1E‐OG9 analogues to explore its structure–activity relationship. Brevinin‐1E‐OG9c‐De‐NH2 exhibited the most potent antimicrobial efficacy in both in vitro and ex vivo studies and attenuated inflammatory responses induced by lipoteichoic acid and heat‐killed microbes. As a result, brevinin‐1E‐OG9c‐De‐NH2 might represent a promising candidate for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections.
Combatting antifungal resistance: Paradigm shift in the diagnosis and management of onychomycosis and dermatomycosis
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Talukder Mesbah , Carviel Jessie L. , Cooper Elizabeth A. , Piguet Vincent 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAntifungal resistance has become prevalent worldwide. Understanding the factors involved in spread of resistance allows the formulation of strategies to slow resistance development and likewise identify solutions for the treatment of highly recalcitrant fungal infections. To investigate the recent explosion of resistant strains, a literature review was performed focusing on four main areas: mechanisms of resistance to antifungal agents, diagnosis of superficial fungal infections, management, and stewardship. The use of traditional diagnostic tools such as culture, KOH analysis and minimum inhibitory concentration values on treatment were investigated and compared to the newer techniques such as molecular methods including whole genome sequencing, and polymerase chain reaction. The management of terbinafine‐resistant strains is discussed. We have emphasized the need for antifungal stewardship including increasing surveillance for resistant infection.