bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Mechanism of Photodamage to Sphingolipid Molecules via Laser Flash Photolysis and EPR
Authors: Lisouskaya Aliaksandra , Schiemann Olav , Carmichael Ian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSphingolipids are involved in the maintenance of the skin barrier function and regulate cellular processes of keratinocytes. The work reported here is designed to uncover details of the mechanism of damage to such lipids by UV radiation. Our approach employs laser flash photolysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry to explore the mechanism of the decay reactions, and to determine the associated kinetic parameters. To interpret our experiments, we computed both excitation energies and EPR parameters of radicals formed during photolysis. Employing the spin‐trap EPR method confirmed the formation of both carbon‐ and nitrogen‐centered radicals. Thus, we can conclude that the photodecomposition of sphingolipids and their analogues proceeds by Norrish type I reactions with the formation of both nitrogen‐centered and alkyl radicals.
Optimising platelet usage during the induction therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia: Impact of physician education
Authors: Gnanaraj John , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh , Kayal Smita , Sahoo Dibyajyothi , Toora Esha , Dubashi Biswajit , Ganesan Prasanth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPlatelet products are scarce and expensive resources to be used judiciously. However, inappropriate usage is common. Lack of physician awareness is an important issue. We implemented a physician education program (PEP) along with repeated WhatsApp reminders at our centre. We audited the platelet usage practise before and after the intervention.MethodsCharts of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treated between January 2020 and August 2020 was reviewed, and the mean platelet usage per patient per day was calculated. Physician education was implemented between September 2020 and December 2020 (2 PowerPoint lectures of 20 min each and weekly WhatsApp messages containing the guidelines). Data of patients treated between Jan 2021 and August 2021 was prospectively audited to understand platelet usage and the indications for transfusions. The British Committee for the Standards in Haematology (BCSH) platelet transfusion guidelines were used as the adjudication tool to evaluate compliance. The mean platelet usage per day per kg body weight of a patient before and after the PEP was compared using the t‐test.ResultsGroup A (before physician education) consisted of 22 patients, and group B (after physician education) consisted of 23 patients. The mean number of platelet transfusions for each patient in a day per kg body weight was 125.7 × 108 in group A whereas, after the PEP, it had reduced to 73.9 × 108 amounting to an absolute reduction of 51 × 108 (58.8%) from the baseline with a statistical significance of P = 0.001. After implementing the PEP, the mean number of random donor platelets used reduced by 10.25 units (34% reduction), and the mean single donor platelets used reduced by 0.83 units (19% reduction). The 190 requests for platelet transfusion received during this period were classified as appropriate (157/190), which constituted 82.63% of the requests, or inappropriate (33/190), which accounted for 17.36%.ConclusionsA short‐duration education programme supplemented with weekly WhatsApp messages and an active feedback mechanism on the rationale of platelet transfusion by the treating physician and transfusion specialist could significantly reduce platelet consumption during the therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia patients. This is a measure that can be considered by all high‐volume haematology centres, which can improve patient safety and reduce costs.
The development of the normal Schirmer tear test results during the dog's first year of life
Authors: de Sampaio Manuella Oliveira Borges , Moore Bret A. , de Seabra Nathália Mendonça , Bortolini Mariza , Vieira Thayane Cristina , Martins Camilla Bolmann , de Souza Ana Leticia Groszewicz , Martins Camila Marinelli , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between lacrimation and age in a homogeneous group of healthy beagle dogs during the first year of life.Materials and methodsSchirmer tear test I (STT I) was performed at an interval of 12–15 days in both eyes of 16 clinically healthy beagle dogs (eight males and eight females) from 94 to 361 days of age. Three different quadratic polynomial regression equations were estimated for the variation in lacrimation: (1) for the entire period (19 observations), (2) for observations 1–4 (days 94–136), and (3) for observations 5–19 (days 150–361).ResultsBy fitting quadratic regression equations to different phases of tear production during the dog's first year of life, it was possible to see that with each day of life, lacrimation increased 0.08 times (8%). From days 94 to 136, however, lacrimal production fell 1.1 times with each day of life. From day 150 to 361, production increased by 0.02 (2%) each day of life. In addition, there was a positive significant and moderate linear correlation between body weight and STT I values (p = .01).ConclusionIn dogs, during the first year of life, STT I data distribution is parabolic in shape. Age significantly affected tear production. STT I decreased at approximately 108–121 days of age and increased thereafter. Body weight was a significant factor for STT I in young dogs. The establishment of this normal pattern of lacrimation is important for both clinical practitioners and laboratory studies.
Telehealth in palliative care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Lin Chia‐Chin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused unprecedented disruption to healthcare delivery worldwide. The use of telehealth practices rapidly expanded during the pandemic, while its application in palliative care remains a conflicted issue.AimsThe aims of this study were to evaluate users' reports of their satisfaction with telehealth palliative care during COVID‐19 and to identify facilitators and barriers to telehealth implementation in palliative care during COVID‐19.MethodsA systematic search of the literature, including studies between January 2020 and June 2022, was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Empirical studies of telehealth in palliative care during COVID‐19 were included.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included in the review, of which nine were outpatient consultations, four were family meetings, two were remote volunteering programs, two were inpatient care, and one was a residential care home needs assessment. The satisfaction rates were high (66%–99%) among patients and family members who participated in telehealth consultations, but the satisfaction with family meetings was mixed. Compared with their clients, healthcare professionals were less likely to assess telehealth as satisfactory. The authors identified four barriers and four facilitators. The barriers were technological challenges, lack of nonverbal communication, ethical concerns, and limitations for clinical practice. The facilitators were accessibility and convenience, visual cues, facilitation and training, and family engagement.Linking Evidence to ActionThis systematic mixed studies review suggests that current evidence supports the feasibility of telehealth implementation in palliative care for outpatient consultations and routine follow‐up appointments. This review also identified facilitators and barriers to telehealth in palliative care, and the findings can inform the implementation of future palliative care services. Future attention should be paid to the effectiveness of telehealth implementation in palliative care patients.
Finite Element Analysis of Maxillary Anterior Dentition During Retraction With Varying Level of Bone Support
Authors: Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Pradhan Rururaja , Mondal Nitesh , Ballav Sejuti , Rana Masud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study is being carried out to evaluate and compare the stress along the root surfaces of anterior maxillary dentition during retraction in labial and lingual mechanics with varying level of bone support. Eight three-dimensional finite element models (FEM) were created with normal periodontium and different levels of alveolar bone loss; four with labial brackets and four with lingual brackets. Sliding mechanics were simulated as en-masse retraction of the anterior dentition. The equivalent stresses along the roots of six anterior maxillary teeth were measured in all the models. Equivalent stresses generated at the root surfaces of central incisors are always higher in labial technique and of canines are always higher in lingual technique, suggesting the increased vulnerability toward root resorption in both cases. Stresses at the root apices of all the teeth are increasing progressively when the bone loss is progressively more than 2 mm in labial technique. In labial technique, the stresses at the root apices of all the teeth are increasing progressively when the bone loss is progressively more than 2 mm. In Lingual technique, equivalent stresses generated at the root surfaces of canines are more than central and lateral incisors irrespective of the alveolar bone loss, suggesting increased susceptibility to root resorption.
Study on the Residual Stress Distribution of Bi-Directional Cold Expansion Process Performed on Open Holes
Authors: Yan Wuzhu , Wang Yaowei , Liang Shujing , Huo Shihui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraditional unidirectional cold expansion technology usually generates non-uniform distribution of residual stress in the thickness direction of holes, which is harmful to the improvement of fatigue life of holes. The present work proposed a bi-directional cold expansion procedure to realize the homogenization of residual stress in the thickness direction of the cold expanded hole, thereby further improved antifatigue performance of cold expanded hole. For this aim, a series of finite element (FE) simulations were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the bi-directional cold expansion procedure and optimize the process parameters. The results showed that the optimized bi-directional cold expansion process generated a more uniform distribution of residual circumferential compressive stress in the thickness direction comparing to the simplified bidirectional cold expansion process using a single mandrel. For the Aluminum alloy 7050-T7451, when the first interference level I1 = 1.8%, the largest and the most uniform residual circumferential compressive stress was achieved, which suggested the best anti-fatigue performance.
Mobile Electroencephalography Reveals Differences in Cortical Processing During Exercises With Lower and Higher Cognitive Demands in Preadolescent Children
Authors: Becker Linda , Büchel Daniel , Lehmann Tim , Kehne Miriam , Baumeister Jochen 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether cortical activity changes during exercise with increasing cognitive demands in preadolescent children. Method: Twenty healthy children (8.75 [0.91] y) performed one movement game, which was conducted with lower and higher cognitive demands. During a baseline measurement and both exercise conditions, cortical activity was recorded using a 64-channel electroencephalographic system, and heart rate was assessed. Ratings of perceived excertion and perceived cognitive engagement were examined after each condition. To analyze power spectral density in the theta, alpha-1, and alpha-2 frequency bands, an adaptive mixture independent component analysis was used to determine the spatiotemporal sources of cortical activity, and brain components were clustered to identify spatial clusters. Results: One-way repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed significant main effects for condition on theta in the prefrontal cluster, on alpha-1 in the prefrontal, central, bilateral motor, bilateral parieto-occipital, and occipital clusters, and on alpha-2 in the left motor, central, and left parieto-occipital clusters. Compared with the lower cognitive demand exercise, cortical activity was significantly higher in theta power in the prefrontal cluster and in alpha-1 power in the occipital cluster during the higher cognitive demand exercise. Conclusion: The present study shows that exercise complexity seems to influence cortical processing as it increased with increasing cognitive demands.
Physical Activity Levels and Adiposity in Ambulant Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy Compared With Their Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Janzen Leticia , Toomey Clodagh M. , Brunton Laura K. , Condliffe Elizabeth G. , Esau Shane , Kirton Adam , Emery Carolyn A. , Kuntze Gregor 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study assessed physical activity (PA) and body composition of ambulatory children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and their typically developing peers. Methods: Participants included youth with CP (ages 8–18 y and Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I–III) and their typically developing peers. Outcomes included PA (actigraphy) and fat/lean mass index (FMI/LMI; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Statistical analyses included linear mixed effects models with Bonferroni adjustment. Fixed effects were study group (CP and typically developing); random effects were participant clusters (sex and age). Exploratory analyses included association of body composition and PA, GMFCS level, and CP involvement (unilateral and bilateral). Results: Seventy-eight participants (CP: n = 40, girls: n = 29; GMFCS I: n = 20; GMFCS II: n = 14; GMFCS III: n = 6) met inclusion criteria. Individuals with CP had lower moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA; β = −12.5; 98.3% confidence interval, −22.6 to −2.5 min; P = .004) and lower LMI (β = −1.1; 97.5% confidence interval, −2.1 to −0.0 kg/m2; P = .020). Exploratory analyses indicated increased LMI with greater MVPA (P = .001), reduced MVPA for GMFCS II (P = .005) and III (P = .001), increased sedentary time for GMFCS III (P = .006), and greater fat mass index with unilateral motor impairment (P = .026). Conclusions: The findings contribute to the knowledge base of increasing MVPA and LMI deficits with the greater functional impact of CP. Associations of increasing LMI with greater MVPA support efforts targeting enhanced PA participation to promote independent mobility.
Maternal outcomes in association with motor vehicle crashes during pregnancy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study
Authors: Chang Ya-Hui , Chien Yu-Wen , Chang Chiung-Hsin , Chen Ping-Ling , Lu Tsung-Hsueh , Hsu I-Lin , Li Chung-Yi 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundLimited studies have assessed the association of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) during pregnancy with adverse maternal outcomes using a population-based nationwide dataset that covers all MVCs.MethodsA total of 20 844 births from women who had been involved in MVCs during pregnancy were obtained from the National Birth Notification (BN) Database in Taiwan. We randomly selected 83 274 control births from women in the BN matched on age, gestational age and crash date. All study subjects were linked to medical claims and the Death Registry to identify the maternal outcomes after crashes. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% CI of adverse outcomes associated with MVCs during pregnancy.ResultsPregnant women involved in MVCs had significantly higher risks of placental abruption (aOR=1.51, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.74), prolonged uterine contractions (aOR=1.31, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.53), antepartum haemorrhage (aOR=1.19, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.26) and caesarean delivery (aOR=1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09) than the controls. Such elevated risks tended to be higher in the MVCs with greater severity. Scooter riders had higher ORs of various adverse maternal outcomes than car drivers.ConclusionsWomen involved in MVCs during pregnancy were at increased risk of various adverse maternal outcomes, especially in those with severe MVCs and riding scooters at MVCs. These findings suggest that clinicians should be aware of these effects, and educational materials that include the above information should be provided as part of prenatal care.
Deep learning searches for vector-like leptons at the LHC and electron/muon colliders
Authors: Morais António P. , Onofre António , Freitas Felipe F. , Gonçalves João , Pasechnik Roman , Santos Rui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe discovery potential of both singlet and doublet vector-like leptons (VLLs) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) as well as at the not-so-far future muon and electron machines is explored. The focus is on a single production channel for LHC direct searches while double production signatures are proposed for the leptonic colliders. A Deep Learning algorithm to determine the discovery (or exclusion) statistical significance at the LHC is employed. While doublet VLLs can be probed up to masses of 1 TeV, their singlet counterparts have very low cross sections and can hardly be tested beyond a few hundreds of GeV at the LHC. This motivates a physics-case analysis in the context of leptonic colliders where one obtains larger cross sections in VLL double production channels, allowing to probe higher mass regimes otherwise inaccessible even to the LHC high-luminosity upgrade.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Yu Yi-Chuan , Paragomi Pedram , Jin Aizhen , Wang Renwei , Schoen Robert E. , Koh Woon-Puay , Yuan Jian-Min , Luu Hung N. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Colorectal cancer is common cancer with a high mortality rate. Low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score holistically evaluates the LCD pattern from carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake. Epidemiologic data of LCD–colorectal cancer association are sparse.

Methods:
We evaluated the associations between LCD (i.e., total, animal- and plant-based) and colorectal cancer risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort study including 61,321 Chinese in Singapore who were 45 to 74 years old at baseline. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine the HRs and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) for colorectal cancer associated with LCD after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, BMI, physical activity, family history of colorectal cancer, etc.

Results:
After an average of 19.5 years of follow-up, 2,520 participants developed colorectal cancer (1,608 colon cancer and 912 rectal cancer). Overall, the association between total or plant-based LCD scores with the risk of colorectal, colon, or rectal cancer was null (all Ptrend ≥ 0.28). The animal-based LCD was modestly associated with colon cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.02), but not with rectal cancer. Compared with the lowest quartile, HRs (95% CIs) of colon cancer for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 of animal-based LCD were 1.12 (0.98–1.29), 1.27 (1.10–1.46), and 1.14 (0.99–1.31), respectively.

Conclusions:
A low-level carbohydrate diet with a high level of animal protein and fat was associated with a moderate increase in the risk of colon cancer among Chinese Singaporeans.

Impact:
High consumption of animal protein/fat and low consumption of carbohydrates may increase colon cancer risk.
Use of Nonrecommended Drugs in Patients With Brugada Syndrome: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Jespersen Camilla H. B. , Krøll Johanna , Bhardwaj Priya , Hansen Carl Johann , Svane Jesper , Winkel Bo G. , Jøns Christian , Jacobsen Peter Karl , Haarbo Jens , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Johansen Jens Brock , Philbert Berit T. , Riahi Sam , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Tfelt‐Hansen Jacob , Weeke Peter E. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) are recommended to avoid drugs that may increase their risk of arrhythmic events. We examined treatment with such drugs in patients with BrS after their diagnosis.

Methods and Results

All Danish patients diagnosed with BrS (2006–2018) with >12 months of follow‐up were identified from nationwide registries. Nonrecommended BrS drugs were grouped into drugs to “avoid” or “preferably avoid” according to
http://www.brugadadrugs.org
. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to identify factors associated with any nonrecommended BrS drug use, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associated risk of appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy, mortality, and a combined end point indicating an arrhythmic event of delayed implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation, appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy, and mortality. During a median follow‐up of 6.8 years, 93/270 (34.4%) patients with BrS (70.4% male, median age at diagnosis 46.1 years [interquartile range, 32.6–57.4]) were treated with ≥1 nonrecommended BrS drugs. No difference in any nonrecommended BrS drug use was identified comparing time before BrS diagnosis (12.6%) with each of the 5 years following BrS diagnosis (
P
>0.05). Factors associated with any nonrecommended BrS drug use after diagnosis were female sex (hazard ratio [HR]) 1.83 [95% CI, 1.15–2.90]), psychiatric disease (HR, 3.63 [1.89–6.99]), and prior use of any nonrecommended BrS drug (HR, 4.76 [2.45–9.25]). No significant association between any nonrecommended BrS drug use and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy (n=20/97, odds ratio [OR], 0.7 [0.2–2.4]), mortality (n=10/270, OR, 3.4 [0.7–19.6]), or the combined end point (n=38/270, OR, 1.7 [0.8–3.7]) was identified.

Conclusions
One in 3 patients with BrS were treated with a nonrecommended BrS drug after BrS diagnosis, and a BrS diagnosis did not change prescription patterns. More awareness of nonrecommended drug use among patients with BrS is needed.
Classification From Positive and Biased Negative Data With Skewed Labeled Posterior Probability
Authors: Watanabe Shotaro , Matsui Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The binary classification problem has a situation where only biased data are observed in one of the classes. In this letter, we propose a new method to approach the positive and biased negative (PbN) classification problem, which is a weakly supervised learning method to learn a binary classifier from positive data and negative data with biased observations. We incorporate a method to correct the negative influence due to a skewed confidence, which is represented by the posterior probability that the observed data are positive. This reduces the distortion of the posterior probability that the data are labeled, which is necessary for the empirical risk minimization of the PbN classification problem. We verified the effectiveness of the proposed method by synthetic and benchmark data experiments.