bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaves of Cannabis sativa and their trichomes studied by DESI and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging for their contents of cannabinoids and flavonoids
Authors: Lorensen Marcus Daniel Brandbjerg Bohn , Hayat Sidra Yasmine , Wellner Niels , Bjarnholt Nanna , Janfelt Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, industrial production of Cannabis sativa has increased due to increased demand of medicinal products based on the plant. In these medicinal products, it is mainly the contents of cannabinoids like THCA and CBDA which are of interest, but also the flavonoids of C. sativa have pharmaceutical interest.ObjectivesThe primary aim is to study the distribution of the different cannabinoids in leaves of C. sativa and specifically to which extent they are located on the trichomes found on the surface of C. sativa leaves. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provide non‐targeted imaging of numerous compounds in the same experiment. Therefore, the distribution of flavonoids is also mapped in the same experiments.Material and methodsFan leaves from C. sativa were imaged in the lateral dimension using direct DESI‐MSI as well as indirect DESI‐MSI via a porous PTFE surface using pixel sizes of 150–200 μm. For cross sections of sugar leaves, MALDI‐MSI was performed at 20 μm pixel size.ResultsFrom indirect DESI‐MSI experiments, a connection was made between the cannabinoid CBGA and capitate‐stalked trichomes. Other cannabinoids like THCA/CBDA (isomers, which are not resolved in an MSI experiment) were also detected in the capitate‐stalked trichomes, but in addition to this also in the small glandular trichomes. MALDI‐MSI experiments on cross sections of sugar leaves confirmed that the cannabinoids were not an integral part of the leaf tissue itself, but originated from the trichomes on the surface of the leaf.ConclusionThe study provides visual evidence that the cannabinoids are produced and accumulated in the trichomes of C. sativa leaves.
Physicochemical parameters for design and development of lead herbicide molecules: Is ‘Lipinski's rule of 5′ appropriate for herbicide discovery?
Authors: Rani Priyanka , Rajak Bikash Kumar , Singh Durg Vijay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHerbicide use has been a great add‐on in agriculture, aiding weed management in crop fields, thereby escalating crop production. However, the development of resistance in weeds against the existing herbicides is a setback. The development of herbicide resistance has compelled the agrochemical industries to replace existing herbicides with novel agrochemicals. Developing new herbicide molecules through traditional methods is time‐consuming and cost‐prohibitive. The use of high‐throughput virtual screening (HTVS) through physicochemical properties, de novo design and combinatorial design of molecules with cutting‐edge computational methods is an alternative to the traditional techniques in lead molecule discovery. The lack of optimal physicochemical criteria for screening herbicide‐like molecules has become a hindrance in the process.RESULTSIn this study, physicochemical parameters [molecular weight, aromatic atoms, rotatable bonds, hydrogen‐bonding capacity, topological polar surface area (TPSA), polarity and solubility] of known herbicide molecules have been studied and evaluated, and optimal criteria have been proposed for target‐specific herbicides. Properties including molecular weight and hydrogen (H)‐bond acceptor atoms tend to have higher values, but the range of H‐bond donor atoms is relatively lower. These are distinguishable characteristics in herbicides when compared with oral drugs. Significant variations in optimal physicochemical parameters between herbicides of different groups (targeting weeds with different modes of action) have been observed.CONCLUSIONThe proposed parameters for respective target sites could be used as filters for in silico screening, designing and developing of target‐specific lead herbicide molecules. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of nanomaterial enabling highly sensitive surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry peptide analysis
Authors: Cournut Aline , Hosu Ioana Silvia , Braud Flavie , Moustiez Paul , Coffinier Yannick , Enjalbal Christine , Bich Claudia 
Published: January 2023

RationaleSurface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI‐MS) is an approach derived from matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‐MS which overcomes the drawbacks associated with the use of organic matrices required to co‐crystallize with the analytes. Indeed, nanomaterials commonly used in SALDI‐MS as inert surfaces to promote desorption/ionization (D/I) ensure straightforward direct deposition of samples while providing mass spectra with ions only related to the compound of interest. The objective of this study was to develop a novel SALDI‐MS approach based on steel plates that are surfaces very rapidly and easily tuned to perform the most efficient peptide detection as possible. To compare the SALDI efficacy of such metal substrates, D/I efficiency and deposit homogeneity were evaluated according to steel plate fabrication processes.MethodsThe studied surfaces were nanostructured steel plates that were chemically modified by perfluorosilane and textured according to different frequencies and laser writing powers. The capacity of each tested 100 surfaces was demonstrated by comparative analyses of a mixture of standard peptides (m/z 600–3000) performed with a MALDI‐TOF instrument enabling MALDI, SALDI and imaging experiments.ResultsA peptide mix was used to screen the different surfaces depending on their D/I efficiency and their ability to ensure homogeneous deposit of the samples. For that purpose, deposition homogeneity was visualized owing to reconstructed ionic images from all protonated or sodiated ions of the 10 peptides constituting the standard mix.ConclusionsSeven surfaces were then selected satisfying the required D/I efficiency and deposit homogeneity criteria. Results obtained with these optimal surfaces were then compared with those recorded by MALDI‐MS analyses used as references.
Distributed synchronization control for multiple tailless flying‐wing UAVs with predefined tracking accuracy and input nonlinearities
Authors: Zhou Yang , Dong Wenhan , Chen Yong , Lv Maolong , Zhang Boyang , Xue Jianping 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis article addresses the distributed adaptive synchronization tracking control problem for multiple flying‐wing UAVs with predefined accuracy and unknown input nonlinearities. Considering that the multiple flying‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) system is a large‐scale nonlinear and strongly coupled system, the control schemes in existing literature which only consider longitudinal, lateral or attitude control may not be applicable in practical engineering. Thus, a full‐state flying‐wing UAV model containing both translational and rotational motions is established, whose dynamics are six‐degree‐of‐freedom with twelve‐state‐variables. Furthermore, to handle the problem that the prior knowledge of the actuator nonlinearities of multi‐UAV system are difficult to obtain, a more general input nonlinear model is established and the adaptive boundary estimation technique is developed. Finally, a performance‐oriented controller is proposed by incorporating a series of smooth functions into adaptive neural control design and Lyapunov analysis. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the presented control scheme can guarantee the satisfactory transient tracking error performance, and the tracking error converges to a user‐defined interval ultimately.
Reinforcement learning‐based optimal trajectory tracking control of surface vessels under input saturations
Authors: Wei Ziping , Du Jialu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a reinforcement learning (RL)‐based optimal trajectory tracking control scheme of surface vessels with unknown dynamics, unknown disturbances, and input saturations of surface vessels. The control scheme is designed by combining the optimal control theory, adaptive neural networks, and the RL method in a unified actor‐critic NN framework. A hyperbolic‐type penalty function of the control input is designed so as to deal with the input saturations of surface vessels. An actor‐critic NN‐based RL mechanism is established to learn the optimal trajectory tracking control law without the knowledge of the surface vessel dynamics and disturbances, where NN weights are tuned online on the basis of devised tuning laws. Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that the proposed RL‐based optimal trajectory tracking control scheme can ensure surface vessels track the desired trajectory, while guaranteeing the boundedness of all signals in the surface vessel optimal trajectory tracking closed‐loop control system.
Blind competition on the numerical simulation of continuous shallow steel‐fiber reinforced concrete beams failing in bending
Authors: Barros Joaquim , Sanz Beatriz , Filho Marcílio , Figueiredo Fabio , Kabele Petr , Yu Rena C. , Meschke Günther , Planas Jaime , Cunha Vitor , Caggiano Antonio , Ozyurt Nilüfer , Gouveia Ventura , van den Bos Ab , Poveda Elisa , Gal Erez , Cervenka Jan , Neu Gerrit E. , Rossi Pierre , Dias‐da‐Costa Daniel , Juhasz Peter K. , Cendon David , Ruiz Gonzalo , Valente Tiago 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article describes the second blind simulation competition (BSC) organized by the fib WG 2.4.1, which aims to assess the predictive performance of models based on the finite element method (FEM) for the analysis and design of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) structures. Slabs supported on columns or piles have becoming competitive applications for FRC due to the technical and economic benefits may be obtained by combining properly the fiber reinforcement mechanisms to those provided by conventional reinforcement placed, as a strip, in the alignment of columns/piles. Therefore, a representative zone of this structural system, namely a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (R/FRC) shallow beam, is chosen in this BSC to show the potentialities of FRC in these types of applications, as well as to assess the predictive performance of FEM‐based computational models on the design verification at serviceability and at ultimate limit state conditions (SLS and ULS, respectively). Two statically indeterminate shallow beams of two equal spans were tested up to their failure, by recording the applied loads, the strains in the conventional reinforcements and in the FRC of the critical zones of the structure. By using digital image correlation, the average crack width at the level of the flexural reinforcements was recorded. The participants had to predict these results by receiving information about the mechanical properties of the materials, the geometry of the prototypes and their loading and support conditions. In this article, the rules and the results of this 2nd BSC competition are presented, and the data obtained experimentally is thoroughly analyzed.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of MXene Quantum Dots
Authors: Sun Jiuxiao , Shengping Zhang B. S. , Alomar Muneerah , Alqarni Areej S. , Najla Alotaibi M. S. , Badriah Alshahrani M. S. , Alghamdi Abeer A. , Kou Zongkui , Shen Wangqiang , Chen Yingquan , Zhang Jian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) with ultrahigh surface‐to‐volume ratio, abundant edge active sites, forceful quantum confinement and other remarkable physio‐chemical properties, have garnered considerable research interest. MXene QDs, as an emerging member of them, have also attracted wide attention in the last six years, and shown great achievements in many fields. This critical review systematically summarizes the various methods for synthesizing MXene QDs. The characteristics and corresponding applications of various MXene QDs are also presented. The advantages and disadvantages of various synthetic methods, and the limitations of corresponding MXene QDs are compared and highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of synthesizing MXene QDs are proposed. We hope this review will enlighten researchers to the fabrication of more advancing and promising MXene‐based QDs with proprietary properties in diverse applications.
Influence of inoculation ratio on the performance and microbial community of bacterial‐algal symbiotic system for rural wastewater treatment
Authors: Liyun Cai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, co‐culture of microalgae and activated sludge in photobioreactors (PBRs) was investigated at different inoculation ratios (0:1, 0.3:1, 0.7:1, and 1.3:1 sludge wt./algae wt.) for rural domestic wastewater treatment under direct solar radiation. Effluent qualities (such as pH, NO2−, PO43−, and NH4+‐N concentrations) were assessed; bacterial and microalgal communities in co‐culture system were compared. The microalgal and bacterial biomass fraction played a significant role in the performance and microbial community structure of the treatment system. In reactors with inoculation ratio of 0.3:1 and 0.7:1, the pH exceeded 9 or 10 under solar radiation, which led to some functional bacteria being missing. In the reactor with inoculation ratio of 1.3:1, activated sludge effectively prevented excessive increase in pH in the reactor. Similar observations were made for reactors with inoculation ratios below 1.3:1 by adding sludge halfway through the process. The results show that activated sludge can inhibit excessive increase in pH caused by algal photosynthesis, maintain the activity of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria in PBR, and reduce algae loss with the effluent.Practitioner Points
Appropriate fraction of activated sludge can effectively inhibit the excessive increase in pH caused by algal photosynthesis in PBR.
Adding activated sludge could maintain the activity of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria in PBR, and reduce microalgae loss with the effluent.
Considering the stability of operation and biodiversity in PBR, a 1.3:1 inoculation ratio of activated sludge and microalgae is preferred.
The medium-modified $$ g\to c\overline{c} $$ splitting function in the BDMPS-Z formalism
Authors: Attems Maximilian , Brewer Jasmine , Innocenti Gian Michele , Mazeliauskas Aleksas , Park Sohyun , van der Schee Wilke , Wiedemann Urs Achim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The formalism of Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peigné-Schiff and Zakharov determines the modifications of parton splittings in the QCD plasma that arise from medium-induced gluon radiation. Here, we study medium-modifications of the gluon splitting into a quark-anti-quark pair in this BDMPS-Z formalism. We derive a compact path-integral formulation that resums effects from an arbitrary number of interactions with the medium to leading order in the $$ 1/{N}_c^2 $$
1
/

N
c
2

expansion. Analyses in the N = 1 opacity and the saddle point approximations reveal two phenomena: a medium-induced momentum broadening of the relative quark-anti-quark pair momentum that increases the invariant mass of quark-anti-quark pairs, and a medium-enhanced production of such pairs. We note that both effects are numerically sizeable if the average momentum transfer from the medium is comparable to the quark mass. In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, this condition is satisfied for charm quarks. We therefore focus our numerical analysis on the medium modification of $$ g\to c\overline{c} $$
g
→
c

c
¯

, although our derivation applies equally well to $$ g\to b\overline{b} $$
g
→
b

b
¯

and to gluons splitting into light-flavoured quark-anti-quark pairs.
One-loop hexagon integral to higher orders in the dimensional regulator
Authors: Henn Johannes M. , Matijašić Antonela , Miczajka Julian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The state-of-the-art in current two-loop QCD amplitude calculations is at five-particle scattering. Computing two-loop six-particle processes requires knowledge of the corresponding one-loop amplitudes to higher orders in the dimensional regulator. In this paper we compute analytically the one-loop hexagon integral via differential equations. In particular we identify its function alphabet for general D-dimensional external states. We also provide integral representations for all one-loop integrals up to weight four. With this, the one-loop integral basis is ready for two-loop amplitude applications. We also study in detail the difference between the conventional dimensional regularization and the four-dimensional helicity scheme at the level of the master integrals and their function space.
Phases of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models
Authors: Heydeman M. , Turiaci G. J. , Zhao W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models with com- plex fermions at non-zero background charge. Motivated by multi-charge supersymmetric black holes, we propose a new $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SYK model with multiple U(1) symmetries, integer charges, and a non-vanishing supersymmetric index, realizing features not present in known SYK models. In both models, a conformal solution with a super-Schwarzian mode emerges at low temperatures, signalling the appearance of nearly AdS2/BPS physics. However, in contrast to complex SYK, the fermion scaling dimension depends on the background charge in the conformal limit. For a critical charge, we find a high to low entropy phase transition in which the conformal solution ceases to be valid. This transition has a simple interpretation– the fermion scaling dimension violates the unitarity bound. We offer some comments on a holographic interpretation for supersymmetric black holes.
HvNCX, a prime candidate gene for the novel qualitative locus qS7.1 associated with salinity tolerance in barley
Authors: Zhu Juan , Zhou Hui , Fan Yun , Guo Yu , Zhang Mengna , Shabala Sergey , Zhao Chenchen , Lv Chao , Guo Baojian , Wang Feifei , Zhou Meixue , Xu Rugen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Key Message
A major QTL (qS7.1) for salinity damage score and Na+ exclusion was identified on chromosome 7H from a barley population derived from a cross between a cultivated variety and a wild accession. qS7.1 was fine-mapped to a 2.46 Mb physical interval and HvNCX encoding a sodium/calcium exchanger is most likely the candidate gene.

Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. Developing salinity-tolerant varieties is critical for minimizing economic penalties caused by salinity and providing solutions for global food security. Many genes/QTL for salt tolerance have been reported in barley, but only a few of them have been cloned. In this study, a total of 163 doubled haploid lines from a cross between a cultivated barley variety Franklin and a wild barley accession TAM407227 were used to map QTL for salinity tolerance. Four significant QTL were identified for salinity damage scores. One (qS2.1) was located on 2H, determining 7.5% of the phenotypic variation. Two (qS5.1 and qS5.2) were located on 5H, determining 5.3–11.7% of the phenotypic variation. The most significant QTL was found on 7H, explaining 27.8% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTL for Na+ content in leaves under salinity stress were detected on chromosomes 1H (qNa1.1) and 7H(qNa7.1). qS7.1 was fine-mapped to a 2.46 Mb physical interval using F4 recombinant inbred lines. This region contains 23 high-confidence genes, with HvNCX which encodes a sodium/calcium exchanger being most likely the candidate gene. HvNCX was highly induced by salinity stress and showed a greater expression level in the sensitive parent. Multiple nucleotide substitutions and deletions/insertions in the promoter sequence of HvNCX were found between the two parents. cDNA sequencing of the HvNCX revealed that the difference between the two parents is conferred by a single Ala77/Pro77 amino acid substitution, which is located on the transmembrane domain. These findings open new prospects for improving salinity tolerance in barley by targeting a previously unexplored trait.
Adult life-course trajectories of psychological distress and economic outcomes in midlife during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts
Authors: Moulton V. , Sullivan A. , Goodman A. , Parsons S. , Ploubidis G. B. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Financial adversity in times of economic recession have been shown to have an unequal effect on individuals with prior mental health problems. This study investigated the relationship between mental health groupings across the adult life-course and change in financial situation and employment status during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the use of financial measures to mitigate the economic shock.

Methods
Using two nationally representative British birth cohorts, the National Child Development Study (1958) n = 17,415 and 1970 British Cohort Study n = 17,198, we identified 5 different life-course trajectories of psychological distress from adolescence to midlife which were similar but not identical across the two cohorts. We explored their relation to changes in financial and employment circumstances at different stages during the pandemic from May 2020 to March 2021, applying multinomial logistic regression and controlling for numerous early life covariates, including family socio-economic status (SES). In addition, we ran modified Poisson models with robust standard errors to identify whether different mental health trajectories were supported by government and used other methods to mitigate their financial situation.

Results
We found that the financial circumstances of pre-pandemic trajectories of psychological distress with differential onset, severity, and chronicity across the life-course were exacerbated by the COVID-19 economic shock. The ‘stable-high’ (persistent severe symptoms) and ‘adult-onset’ (symptoms developing in 30s, but later decreasing) groups were vulnerable to job loss. Compared to pre-pandemic trajectory groupings with no, minor, or psychological distress symptoms in early adulthood, the ‘stable-high’, ‘midlife-onset’ (symptoms developing in midlife), and ‘adult-onset’ trajectory groups were more likely to seek support from the UK governments economic response package. However, trajectories with pre-pandemic psychological distress were also at greater risk of reducing consumption, dis-saving, relying on increased financial help from family and friends, and also taking payment holidays (agreements with lenders to pause mortgage, credit card or loan payments for a set period) and borrowing.

Conclusion
This work highlights different trajectories of pre-pandemic psychological distress, compared to groups with no symptoms were more vulnerable to pandemic-related economic shock and job loss. By adopting unsustainable mitigating measures (borrowing and payment holidays) to support their financial circumstances during COVID-19, these mental health trajectories are at even more risk of lasting adverse impacts and future economic difficulties.