bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the prevalence of two or more diseases using outcomes from multiplex group testing
Authors: Warasi Md S. , Tebbs Joshua M. , McMahan Christopher S. , Bilder Christopher R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen screening a population for infectious diseases, pooling individual specimens (e.g., blood, swabs, urine, etc.) can provide enormous cost savings when compared to testing specimens individually. In the biostatistics literature, testing pools of specimens is commonly known as group testing or pooled testing. Although estimating a population‐level prevalence with group testing data has received a large amount of attention, most of this work has focused on applications involving a single disease, such as human immunodeficiency virus. Modern methods of screening now involve testing pools and individuals for multiple diseases simultaneously through the use of multiplex assays. Hou et al. (2017, Biometrics, 73, 656–665) and Hou et al. (2020, Biostatistics, 21, 417–431) recently proposed group testing protocols for multiplex assays and derived relevant case identification characteristics, including the expected number of tests and those which quantify classification accuracy. In this article, we describe Bayesian methods to estimate population‐level disease probabilities from implementing these protocols or any other multiplex group testing protocol which might be carried out in practice. Our estimation methods can be used with multiplex assays for two or more diseases while incorporating the possibility of test misclassification for each disease. We use chlamydia and gonorrhea testing data collected at the State Hygienic Laboratory at the University of Iowa to illustrate our work. We also provide an online R resource practitioners can use to implement the methods in this article.
Demographic and clinical factors associated with recovery of poststroke dysphagia: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Lian , Qiao Jia , Sun Fang , Wei Xiaomei , Dou Zulin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoststroke dysphagia (PSD) recovery depends on various factors. We aimed to provide evidence concerning predictive variables for the recovery of PSD.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP database of Chinese periodicals, Chinese biomedical literature service system (SinoMed), and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched up to September 21, 2022. According to the inclusion criteria, the literature searched in the database was screened. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta‐analysis was performed to identify the factors prognostic for PSD.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies were eligible, and pooled analyses were allowed for 12 potential prognostic factors. We identified older age, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, lower activities of daily living (ADL) score, lower body mass index (BMI), severe dysphagia on admission, aspiration, brainstem stroke, severe cognitive impairment, and bilateral hemispheric stroke were negative factors for the recovery of PSD, while early intervention and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) = 0 before onset were protective factors for the recovery of PSD. There was no significant association between stroke type and prognosis of PSD.ConclusionPrognostic factors of PSD summarized in this meta‐analysis could be useful for developing reasonable treatment plan to better promote recovery of swallowing function after stroke.
Increased serum prolactin level may indicate more migraine attack frequency
Authors: Togha Mansoureh , Nematgorgani Shiva , Ghorbani Zeinab , Rafiee Pegah , Haghighi Samaneh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesMigraine is a common, multifactorial disorder. The exact pathomechanism of migraine remains unclear. Studies have revealed changes in serum prolactin (PRL) levels in relation to migraine, although the results have been inconsistent. The present case‐control study assessed the serum level of prolactin in migraine patients.Materials and methodsIn this case‐control study, participants were divided into chronic migraine (CM; n = 39), episodic migraine in ictal (during an attack), and interictal (between attacks) phases (n = 63, n = 37, respectively) along with 30 age‐ and sex‐matched headache‐free controls. After obtaining demographic, anthropometric data, and headache characteristics, blood samples were gathered and analyzed to evaluate the serum levels of prolactin (ng/mL).ResultsA significant difference was observed between the control, CM, and ictal EM, and interictal EM groups. The mean ± SD serum prolactin levels of the chronic migraineurs (1.82 ± 0.94) and those with ictal EM (1.93 ± 1.70) were comparable and were significantly higher than for interictal EM patients (0.82 ± 0.46) and the headache‐free control subjects (0.49 ± 0.15; p < .001). Although the mean serum concentration of prolactin for the interictal EM group tended to be higher than for control individuals, this difference was not statistically significant. The Spearman's correlation test also showed significant correlations between the serum prolactin levels and the number of headaches days among migraineurs.ConclusionThe findings suggest that there might be an association between increased prolactin concentrations and migraine headache induction and progression. Further detailed and well‐designed studies are needed to confirm the importance of serum prolactin levels in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches.
The intestinal mucosal barrier – A key player in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Li Jing , Jia Nini , Cui Mengyao , Li Yaqing , Li Xiang , Chu Xiaoqin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a recurrent chronic autoimmune disease, which is not only difficult to treat, but also has a great adverse impact on the physical and mental health of patients. The intestinal mucosa barrier has some relationship with RA and it consists of mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, immune barrier, and microflora barrier. It is a dynamic system that contributes to the stability of the intestinal environment by regulating the absorption of relevant substances from the lumen into the circulation, while limiting the passage of harmful substances. This article summarizes the connection between the intestinal mucosa barrier and RA, and proposes the role of relevant Chinese medicines on RA from the point of improving barriers, to provide new perspectives on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of RA.
Gamification and neuromarketing: A unified approach for improving user experience
Authors: Behl Abhishek , Jayawardena Nirma , Shankar Amit , Gupta Manish , Lang Le Dang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeuroscience and its offshoot as neuromarketing have helped marketers understand neuroscientific aspects of customers while gamification has helped them understand the psyche of consumers. Despite neuromarketing's many potential benefits to businesses, little academic work has been done on the field so far. Most studies have examined consumer shifts during and after pandemics without analyzing them from two critical perspectives: neuroscientific theories and psychology theories. As the two streams of knowledge lean on each other, their interdependence in the field of e‐engagement needs exploration. The purpose of this study is to answer an important question – “How do marketers use gamification and neuromarketing to understand online engagement of consumers?”. We used a quantitative empirical research approach to assess the inter‐relationship between neuromarketing and gamification. The study collected data from digital marketing strategists of retail firms to propose a theoretical framework for self‐determination theory in successfully implementing new age technologies by plugging the cues of gamification and neuromarketing. The framework would be useful for retail firms to design digital marketing strategies for capturing the attention of consumers across different geographies. Findings indicated that, marketers are interested in neuromarketing for two main reasons: first, they think it can help them save money and improve their marketing plans, and second, they think that cutting‐edge research techniques such as brain imaging can help them get more accurate findings.
HPLC‐DAD Analysis and Versatile Bioactivities of Turkish Sunflower Honeys Using Chemometric Approaches
Authors: Emin Duru Mehmet , Eroğlu Büşra , Tel‐Çayan Gülsen , Taş‐Küçükaydın Meltem , Küçükaydın Selçuk , Çayan Fatih , Ceylan Özgür 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSunflower honey (SH) is bright yellow, fragrant, pollen‐flavoured, slightly herbaceous and has a unique taste. The present research aims to examine the enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti‐quorum sensing activities and phenolic compositions of 30 sunflower honeys (SHs) produced from several regions of Turkey with chemometric study. SAH from Samsun exhibited the best antioxidant activity in β‐carotene linoleic acid (IC50: 7.33±0.17 mg/mL) and CUPRAC (A0.50: 4.94±0.13 mg/mL) assays, anti‐urease activity (60.63±0.87 %) and anti‐inflammatory activity against COX‐1 (73.94±1.08 %) and COX‐2 (44.96±0.85 %). SHs exhibited mild antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms while they showed high quorum sensing inhibition zones measured in the range of 42–52 mm against the CV026 strain. The phenolic composition was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) system and levulinic, gallic, p‐hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and p‐coumaric acids were identified in all studied SHs. The classification of SHs was performed the using PCA and HCA. This study revealed that phenolic compounds and biological properties are effective in classification of SHs according to their geographical origin. The results suggest that studied SHs could be valued as potential agents with versatile bioactivities in oxidative stress‐related disease, microbial infections, inflammation, melanoma, and peptic ulcer.
In situ H2O2 Generation by Choline Oxidase and Its Application in Amino Polysaccharide Degradation by Coupling to Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase
Authors: Hoang Nam‐Hai , Golten Ole , Forsberg Zarah , Eijsink Vincent G. H. , Richter Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChitin, the most abundant amino polysaccharide in Nature, has many applications in different fields. However, processing of this recalcitrant biopolymer in an environmentally friendly manner remains a major challenge. In this context, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are of interest, as they can act on the most recalcitrant parts of chitin and related insoluble biopolymers such as cellulose. Efficient LPMO catalysis can be achieved by feeding reactions with H2O2, but careful control of H2O2 is required to avoid autocatalytic enzyme inactivation. Herein, we present a coupled enzyme system in which a choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis is employed for controlled in situ generation of H2O2 that fuels LPMO‐catalyzed oxidative degradation of chitin. We show that the rate, stability and extent of the LPMO reaction can be manipulated by varying the amount of choline oxidase and/or its substrate, choline chloride, and that efficient peroxygenase reactions may be achieved using sub‐μM concentrations of the H2O2‐generating enzyme. This coupled system requires only sub‐stoichiometric amounts of the reductant that is needed to keep the LPMO in its active, reduced state. It is conceivable that this enzyme system may be used for bioprocessing of chitin in choline‐based natural deep eutectic solvents.
Model‐assisted marsupialization of a large odontogenic keratocyst in the maxillofacial region using a multicolored 3D‐printed model: A novel approach in surgical planning and teaching
Authors: Haribabu Prashanth Konatham , Verma Minaal , Vij Akshay 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message3D printing can improve surgical planning and coordination between the healthcare team and serve as a valuable educational tool for students.AbstractAlthough the occurrence of odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) in the maxillofacial region is not uncommon, their aggressive growth behavior requires advanced surgical techniques for minimal recurrence. The current case report describes the use of a multicolored 3D‐printed model as an interactive visual aid for the surgical planning and management of an OKC treated with a minimally invasive surgical decompression technique. A cone‐beam computed tomography scan of the patient showed a profound OKC involving the left side of the body of the mandible. A 3D printer was used to print a multicolor resin model of the patient's OKC lesion within the mandible. The printed model was successfully used as a planning tool for surgical intervention (i.e., marsupialization and enucleation) of the OKC. The model was also used as a handheld interactive visual aid for dental students, so they could more effectively understand the anatomical and surgical complexity of the case. The novel use of the multicolor 3D‐printed model for treatment of this OKC improved visualization of the lesion during surgical planning and was a valuable teaching tool for educational discussion of this case.
A large intracardiac hydatid cyst with concomitant cervical and hepatic involvement: A case report
Authors: Faramarzpour Maryam , Jafari Sirous , Rahmanian Mehrzad , Sardari Akram , Larti Farnoosh 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageCardiac hydatidosis is a relatively rare complication of echinococcosis. Understanding the atypical manifestations, potential associated risk factors, and epidemiology leads to optimal and timely management.AbstractCardiac hydatidosis is a relatively rare complication of echinococcosis, with a potentially life‐threatening condition. Here, we reported a large interventricular septal hydatid cyst bulging in the left ventricle accompanied by a huge cervical lamp with recurrent hepatic cysts that underwent cardiac surgery to excise the cyst uneventfully.
Managing class III jaw relations
Authors: Alhazmi Shahad T. F. , Abdurahiman V. T. 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageThe article describes the treatment of a patient with a class III ridge relation who required a complete denture. An artificial dentition cross‐arch configuration was used to treat the patient. The dentist should relate the biomechanical component to the anatomy.AbstractComplete edentulism is not uncommon in day‐to‐day prosthodontic clinical practice. Retention and stability are critical factors in successfully treating a complete denture patient. A practitioner must always plan the treatment depending on various situations encountered in the patient's mouth. Maxillomandibular relation, which involves deviation from everyday situations, occurs with considerable frequency and is often quite challenging to the dentist in offering a suitable treatment. The importance of teeth arrangement and a stable occlusion in maintaining the stability of a denture is well‐documented. This Article highlights a case with a class III jaw relation situation, which was managed successfully by a cross‐arch arrangement of artificial teeth. A follow‐up, along with an indication, is represented.
A case of tension pneumoperitoneum with fecal peritonitis due to high‐pressure air insufflation through the anus
Authors: Bakka Havil Stephen Alexander , Babu Perumalla Karthik , Kutikuppala Lakshmi Venkata Simhachalam , Suvvari Tarun Kumar , Koirala Samrat Babu 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageThe reckless or ridiculous usage of high pressure compressed air could lead to disastrous consequences as demonstrated in this case. Injuries from a barotrauma can vary from a simple mucosal laceration to tension pneumoperitoneum causing abdominal compartment syndrome. Decompression by a wide‐bore needle can be done as depicted in our patient to provide immediate relief.AbstractRectal perforation most commonly occurs due to trauma, but rarely due to a high pressure compressed air passing through the anus as a part of playful joke. Owing to the belief of medico‐legal issues and socio‐psychological circumstances about the ano‐rectal injury, initial approach to the medical facilities might be delayed, causing a delayed presentation and poor prognosis. We report an incident of a young male who presented with tension pneumoperitoneum causing abdominal compartment syndrome with fecal peritonitis due to forceful passing of high‐pressure air through his anus. An initial decompression of the abdomen with a wide‐bore needle was done at the emergency room. An emergency laparotomy with a primary repair of the rectal perforation by two layered sutures was done followed by a loop colostomy, 10 cm proximal to the injury. Colostomy closure was performed after 4 weeks. Post‐operative recovery period was uneventful.
A case of systemic amyloidosis showing papular/nodular lesions due to Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Toma Yumeno , Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Yasuda Ken‐ichi , Asahina Akihiko 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis case report provides evidence that Waldenström's macroglobulinemia may cause cutaneous manifestations represented as papules/nodules through the development of light chain amyloidosis. Here, we report a case of a 67‐year‐old man.
Ileocecal intussusception as a first presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma with multi‐organ involvement
Authors: Farahmandinia Zahra , Nakhaie Mohsen , Rukerd Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn children, intussusception may have a pathologic cause, such as Burkitt's lymphoma. As a result, we should be cautious of Burkitt's lymphoma in children with intussusception. Finally, the importance of histological assessment of resected tissues in pediatric operations, particularly those with intussusception, should be emphasized.AbstractA 2‐year‐old boy was diagnosed with ileocecal intussusception and underwent surgical treatment and appendectomy. Appendix histopathology revealed lymphoid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, high mitotic activity, and starry sky appearance. The patient was diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma, which involves many organs, such as the appendix, liver, kidney, and bone marrow.
Anthradithiophene (ADT)‐Based Polymerized Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Forti Giacomo , Pankow Robert M. , Qin Fei , Cho Yongjoon , Kerwin Brendan , Duplessis Isaiah , Nitti Andrea , Jeong Seonghun , Yang Changduk , Facchetti Antonio , Pasini Dario , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRealizing efficient all‐polymer solar cell (APSC) acceptors typically involves increased building block synthetic complexity, hence potentially unscalable syntheses and/or prohibitive costs. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and implementation in APSCs of three new polymer acceptors P1–P3 using a scalable donor fragment, bis(2‐octyldodecyl)anthra[1,2‐b : 5,6‐b’]dithiophene‐4,10‐dicarboxylate (ADT) co‐polymerized with the high‐efficiency acceptor units, NDI, Y6, and IDIC. All three copolymers have comparable photophysics to known polymers; however, APSCs fabricated by blending P1, P2 and P3 with donor polymers PM5 and PM6 exhibit modest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), with the champion P2‐based APSC achieving PCE=5.64 %. Detailed morphological and microstructural analysis by AFM and GIWAXS reveal a non‐optimal APSC active layer morphology, which suppresses charge transport. Despite the modest efficiencies, these APSCs demonstrate the feasibility of using ADT as a scalable and inexpensive electron rich/donor building block for APSCs.
A Versatile, Electrophilic Reagent for Monofluoromethylthiolation†
Authors: Wang Rui , Lu Long , Shen Qilong 
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA new electrophilic monofluoromethylthiolating reagent N‐fluoromethylthiophthalimide PhthSCH2F 1 was developed. Reagent 1 could be readily synthesized from easily available starting materials benzyl mercaptan and CH2FCl in three steps. N‐Fluoromethylthiophthalimide 1 is a powerful electrophilic monofluoromethylthiolating reagent that allows the monofluoromethylthiolation of a wide range of nucleophiles including alkynes, aryl/vinyl boronic acids, electron‐rich heteroarenes, β‐ketoesters and oxindoles, as well as thiols under mild conditions.
The place of social transformation analysis in vulnerability assessment for climate adaptation planning in Upper West Region, Ghana: A review synthesis
Authors: Osei‐Amponsah Charity , Quarmine William , Wahabu Esther 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate vulnerability could be influenced by transforming demographic, technological, cultural, political and economic factors, which cuts across global, regional, national and local scales. Such social transformations result in positive and negative outcomes, with implications for the adaptive capacities of resource‐poor households, especially those headed by women. However, these transformations are usually not integrated in climate vulnerability assessments. Based on insights from a stakeholders’ brainstorming workshop and the synthesis of information from traditional literature review, this paper contributes to better understanding of the intersections of social transformation with climate vulnerabilities in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The review indicates that the region is experiencing social transformation triggered by technological, demographic and cultural factors, with implications for climate resilience building. For example, compared to the last decade, there is now an increased use of mobile phones, resulting in improved access to e‐extension and climate‐smart agriculture services. At the same time, an emerging trend of land commodification is driving poor households to sell or lease farming lands. Within the context of these transformations, climate vulnerability is still assessed through approaches that mainly focus on a ‘static’ view of the extent of exposure to climate hazards and their impacts on rural livelihoods. A social transformation analysis that promotes a systematic investigation of the transforming factors is proposed as an effective approach for vulnerability assessment in climate adaptation planning. This approach provides critical reflections on, and sustainable resilience interventions for addressing both changing biophysical and social vulnerabilities of rural communities.