bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurotransmitter and receptor systems in the subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Emmi Aron , Campagnolo Marta , Stocco Elena , Carecchio Miryam , Macchi Veronica , Antonini Angelo , De Caro Raffaele , Porzionato Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Subthalamic Nucleus (STh) is a lens-shaped subcortical structure located ventrally to the thalamus, that despite being embryologically derived from the diencephalon, is functionally implicated in the basal ganglia circuits. Because of this strict structural and functional relationship with the circuits of the basal ganglia, the STh is a current target for deep brain stimulation, a neurosurgical procedure employed to alleviate symptoms in movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and dystonia. However, despite the great relevance of this structure for both basal ganglia physiology and pathology, the neurochemical and molecular anatomy of the STh remains largely unknown. Few studies have specifically addressed the detection of neurotransmitter systems and their receptors within the structure, and even fewer have investigated their topographical distribution. Here, we have reviewed the scientific literature on neurotransmitters relevant in the STh function of rodents, non-human primates and humans including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline with particular focus on their subcellular, cellular and topographical distribution. Inter-species differences were highlighted to provide a framework for further research priorities, particularly in humans.
Neural networks as building blocks for the design of efficient learned indexes
Authors: Amato Domenico , Lo Bosco Giosué , Giancarlo Raffaele 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe new area ofLearned Data Structuresconsists of mixing Machine Learning techniques with those specific to Data Structures, with the purpose to achieve time/space gains in the performance of those latter. The perceived paradigm shift in computer architectures, that would favor the employment of graphics/tensor units over traditional central processing units, is one of the driving forces behind this new area. The advent of the corresponding branch-free programming paradigm would then favor the adoption of Neural Networks as the fundamental units of Classic Data Structures. This is the case of Learned Bloom Filters. The equally important field of Learned Indexes does not appear to make use of Neural Networks at all. In this paper, we offer a comparative experimental investigation regarding the potential uses of Neural Networks as a fundamental building block of Learned Indexes. Our results provide a solid and much-needed evaluation of the role Neural Networks can play in Learned Indexing. Based on our findings, we highlight the need for the creation of highly specialised Neural Networks customised to Learned Indexes. Because of the methodological significance of our findings and application of Learned Indexes in strategic domains, such as Computer Networks and Databases, care has been taken to make the presentation of our results accessible to the general audience of scientists and engineers working in Neural Networks and with no background about Learned Indexing.
Multicenter prospective registration study of efficacy and safety of capsule endoscopy in Crohn’s disease in Japan (SPREAD-J study)
Authors: Sakurai Toshiyuki , Omori Teppei , Tanaka Hiroki , Ito Takahiro , Ando Katsuyoshi , Yamamura Takeshi , Nanjjo Sohachi , Osawa Satoshi , Takeda Teruyuki , Watanabe Kenji , Hiraga Hiroto , Yamamoto Shuji , Ozeki Keiji , Tanaka Shinji , Tajiri Hisao , Saruta Masayuki ,   the SPREAD-J group, Akutagawa Tsuyoshi , Aoyama Nobuo , Iguchi Toshihiro , Endo Katsuya , Esaki Motohiro , Ogata Haruhiko , Oka Shiro , Omiya Naoki , Kagaya Takeshi , Kakimoto Kazuki , Kobayashi Taku , Sagami Shintaro , Sakuraba Hirotake , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Sugimoto Ken , Takao Masaki , Torisu Takehiro , Nakajima Atsushi , Nakamichi Konosuke , Nakamura Masanao , Nakase Hiroshi , Nishiyama Ryuhei , Hayashi Yukie , Hayashida Mari , Hiraoka Sakiko , Fuijya Mikihiro , Fukada Norimasa , Fukuda Masayuki , Mihara Hiroshi , Yokoyama Kaoru , Yoshida Yuicihiro , Wagatsuma Kohei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Evidence of small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) for evaluating lesions in Crohn’s disease (CD) is lacking. We aimed to clarify the effectiveness and safety of SBCE in a large sample of patients with CD.

Methods
This multicenter prospective registration study recorded the clinical information and SBCE results of patients with definitive CD (d-CD) or suspected CD (s-CD). The primary outcomes were the rates of successful assessment of disease activity using SBCE, definitive diagnosis of CD, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were the assessment of SBCE findings in patients with d-CD and s-CD and factors affecting SBCE incompletion and retention; and tertiary outcomes included the association between clinical disease activity or blood examination, endoscopic disease activity, ileal CD, and the questionnaire assessment of patient acceptance of SBCE.

Results
Of 544 patients analyzed, 541 underwent SBCE with 7 (1.3%) retention cases. Of 468 patients with d-CD, 97.6% could be evaluated for endoscopic activity. Of 76 patients with s-CD, 15.8% were diagnosed with ‘confirmed CD’. CD lesions were more frequently observed in the ileum and were only seen in the jejunum in 3.4% of the patients. Male sex and stenosis were risk factors for incomplete SBCE, and high C-reactive protein levels and stenosis were risk factors for capsule retention. In L1 (Montreal classification) patients, clinical remission was associated with endoscopic remission but showed low specificity and accuracy. The answers to the acceptability questionnaire showed the minimal invasiveness and tolerability of SBCE.

Conclusion
SBCE is practical and safe in patients with CD.
A comprehensive analysis of tumor-stromal collagen in relation to pathological, molecular, and immune characteristics and patient survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ashina Shigeto , Masuda Atsuhiro , Yamakawa Kohei , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Tsujimae Masahiro , Tanaka Takeshi , Toyama Hirochika , Sofue Keitaro , Shiomi Hideyuki , Sakai Arata , Kobayashi Takashi , Abe Shohei , Gonda Masanori , Masuda Shigeto , Inomata Noriko , Uemura Hisahiro , Kohashi Shinya , Nagao Kae , Harada Yoshiyuki , Miki Mika , Juri Noriko , Irie Yosuke , Kanzawa Maki , Itoh Tomoo , Inoue Jun , Imai Toshio , Fukumoto Takumi , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Abundant collagen deposition is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). This study clarified the interactive relationship between tumor-stromal collagen, molecular and immune characteristics, and tumor pr ogression in human PDAC.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive examination using an integrative molecular pathological epidemiology database on 169 cases with resected PDAC . The amount of tumor-stromal collagen was quantified through digital imaging analysis for Elastica van Gieson-stained whole-section tumor slides. We analyzed the association of tumor-stromal collagen with gene alterations (KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A/p16, and SMAD4), immune parameters (CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes [TILs], CD8+ TILs, FOXP3+ TILs, and tertiary lymphoid structures), and patient prognosis.

Results
Low amounts of tumor-stromal collagen were associated with poor differentiation (multivariable OR = 3.82, 95%CI = 1.41–12.2, P = 0.008) and CDKN2A/p16 alteration (OR [95%CI] = 2.06 [1.08–4.02], P = 0.03). Tumors with low collagen levels had shorter overall survival (HR [95%CI] = 2.38 [1.59–3.56], P < 0.0001). In the S-1 and gemcitabine (GEM) treatment groups, low tumor-stromal collagen was linked to poor prognosis of patients with PDAC (S-1 group: multivariable HR [95%CI] = 2.76 [1.36–5.79], P = 0.005; GEM group: multivariate HR [95%CI] = 2.91 [1.34–6.71], P = 0.007). Additionally, low amounts of tumor-stromal collagen were also linked to low levels of CD4+ TILs (P = 0.046), CD8+ TILs (P = 0.09), and tertiary lymphoid structures (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Tumor-stromal collagen deposition may play a crucial role in modulating tumor-immune microenvironment and determining response to adjuvant chemotherapy and patient survival outcomes.
Slowly walking down to the more food: relative quantity discrimination in African spurred tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata)
Authors: Tomonaga Masaki , Haraguchi Daiki , Wilkinson Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuantity discrimination, is thought to be highly adaptive as it allows an organism to select greater amounts of food or larger social groups. In contrast to mammals, the processes underlying this ability are not as well understood in reptiles. This study examined the effects of ratio and number size on relative quantity discrimination in African spurred tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata). To assess these effects, tortoises were presented with trays containing favored food pieces in all possible number combinations between 1 and 7. The tortoises had to approach the tray they perceived as having the larger quantity. If correct, they received one piece of food as reinforcement. The results revealed that relative quantity discrimination was influenced by the ratio between the numbers of pieces, with performance improving as the ratio between the numbers increased. This finding suggests that the approximate number system or analogue magnitude estimation may control their behavior. However, as the number size increased, their performance declined, also suggesting that the approximate number system alone could not explain the present results.
The combined rhizoremediation by a triad: plant-microorganism-functional materials
Authors: Chojnacka Katarzyna , Moustakas Konstantinos , Mikulewicz Marcin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe article describes new strategies for the remediation of soils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. The aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic effects of combining plant-microorganism-functional materials for a more effective reduction of soil contamination with toxic chemicals. The innovative triad involves functional materials as a habitat for microorganisms, which helps to control the release of pollutants into the soil solution from the adsorbed form. This, in turn, reduces the toxic effect on microorganisms and plants. Microorganisms play a complex role, consisting of partial biodegradation of pollutants, stimulation of plant growth, and support for nutrient supply. Plants synthesize root exudates that facilitate microorganisms in biodegrading organic pollutants and stimulate their growth. The plant takes up pollutants through the root system, which can be further supported by endophytic microorganisms. The cooperation of the three players produces a synergistic effect that enhances the effectiveness of rhizodegradation supported by functional materials, which is more effective than using microorganisms, phytoremediation, or functional materials alone. The combination of physicochemical methods (functional materials) and microbiological methods (bacteria and fungi, rhizosphere, symbiotic and non-symbiotic) supported by plants (hyperaccumulators) is a promising approach for reducing chemicals from soil. Key examples of the synergistic effects of combining plant-microorganism-functional materials have been provided in this article.
Multiple instance ensembling for paranasal anomaly classification in the maxillary sinus
Authors: Bhattacharya Debayan , Behrendt Finn , Becker Benjamin Tobias , Beyersdorff Dirk , Petersen Elina , Petersen Marvin , Cheng Bastian , Eggert Dennis , Betz Christian , Hoffmann Anna Sophie , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose

Paranasal anomalies are commonly discovered during routine radiological screenings and can present with a wide range of morphological features. This diversity can make it difficult for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to accurately classify these anomalies, especially when working with limited datasets. Additionally, current approaches to paranasal anomaly classification are constrained to identifying a single anomaly at a time. These challenges necessitate the need for further research and development in this area.

Methods

We investigate the feasibility of using a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify healthy maxillary sinuses (MS) and MS with polyps or cysts. The task of accurately localizing the relevant MS volume within larger head and neck Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans can be difficult, but we develop a strategy which includes the use of a novel sampling technique that not only effectively localizes the relevant MS volume, but also increases the size of the training dataset and improves classification results. Additionally, we employ a Multiple Instance Ensembling (MIE) prediction method to further boost classification performance.

Results

With sampling and MIE, we observe that there is consistent improvement in classification performance of all 3D ResNet and 3D DenseNet architecture with an average AUPRC percentage increase of 21.86 ± 11.92% and 4.27 ± 5.04% by sampling and 28.86 ± 12.80% and 9.85 ± 4.02% by sampling and MIE, respectively.

Conclusion

Sampling and MIE can be effective techniques to improve the generalizability of CNNs for paranasal anomaly classification. We demonstrate the feasibility of classifying anomalies in the MS. We propose a data enlarging strategy through sampling alongside a novel MIE strategy that proves to be beneficial for paranasal anomaly classification in the MS.
Activation of MG53 Enhances Cell Survival and Engraftment of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in Injured Hearts
Authors: Park Ki Ho , He Xingyu , Jiang Lin , Zhu Hua , Liang Jialiang , Wang Yigang , Ma Jianjie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background and Objective
Our previous studies demonstrated that MG53 protein can protect the myocardium, but its use as a therapeutic is challenging due to its short half-life in blood circulation. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective role of MG53 on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (HiPSC-CMs) in the context of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Methods
In vitro: HiPSC-CMs were transfected with adenoviral MG53 (HiPSC-CMsMG53), in which the expression of MG53 can be controlled by doxycycline (Dox), and the cells were then exposed to H2O2 to mimic ischemia/reperfusion injury. In vivo: HiPSC-CMsMG53 were transplanted into the peri-infarct region in NSG™ mice after I/R. After surgery, mice were treated with Dox (+ Dox) to activate MG53 expression (sucrose as a control of -Dox) and then assessed by echocardiography and immunohistochemistry.

Results
MG53 can be expressed in HiPSC-CMMG53 and released into the culture medium after adding Dox. The cell survival rate of HiPSC-CMMG53 was improved by Dox under the H2O2 condition. After 14 and 28 days of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), transplanted HiPSC-CMsMG53 + Dox significantly improved heart function, including ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in mice, compared to HiPSC-CMsMG53-Dox, and reduced the size of the infarction. Additionally, HiPSC-CMMG53 + Dox mice demonstrated significant engraftment in the myocardium as shown by staining human nuclei-positive cells. In addition, the cell survival-related AKT signaling was found to be more active in HiPSC-CMMG53 + Dox transplanted mice’s myocardium compared to the HiPSC-CMMG53-Dox group. Notably, the Dox treatment did not cause harm to other organs.

Conclusion
Inducible MG53 expression is a promising approach to enhance cell survival and engraftment of HiPSC-CMs for cardiac repair.

Graphical Abstract
Associations of Social Support with Sexual Practices, Health Behaviours, and Health Outcomes Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Durevall Dick , Cowden Richard G. , Beckett Sean , Kharsany Ayesha B. M. , Lewis Lara , George Gavin , Cawood Cherie , Khanyile David , Govender Kaymarlin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Several studies have reported on the benefits of social support for health behaviour, including risky sex. Social support may thus be an important resource for promoting individual health and well-being, particularly in regions where HIV rates are high and healthcare resources are scarce. However, prior research on the implications of social support for the health behaviour of young women has yielded mixed and inconclusive findings. Using prospective data from young women in South Africa, this study examines the associations of social support with subsequent sexual practices, health behaviour, and health outcomes.

Method
We used two rounds of longitudinal data from a sample of n = 1446 HIV-negative emerging adult women, aged 18 to 29 years, who participated in a population-based HIV study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Applying the analytic template for outcome-wide longitudinal designs, we estimated the associations between combinations of social support (i.e. tangible, educational, emotional) and ten HIV risk–related outcomes.

Results
Combinations of tangible, educational, and emotional support, as well as tangible support by itself, were associated with lower risk for several outcomes, whereas educational and emotional support, by themselves or together, showed little evidence of association with the outcomes.

Conclusion
This study highlights the protective role of tangible support in an environment of widespread poverty, and the additional effect of combining tangible support with non-tangible support. The findings strengthen recent evidence on the benefits of combining support in the form of cash and food with psychosocial care in mitigating risk behaviours associated with HIV and negative health outcomes among young women.
Sedimentary facies analysis, seismic interpretation, and reservoir rock typing of the syn-rift Middle Jurassic reservoirs in Meleiha concession, north Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Rezk , Radwan Ahmed A. , Mahfouz Kamel H. , Leila Mahmoud 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Middle Jurassic syn-rift sediments of the Khatatba Formation contain not only the principle source rock organofacies in the north Western Desert (NWD), but also several potential sandstone reservoir targets. However, controls on the reservoir quality of the Khatatba facies and spatiotemporal evolution of the reservoir rock types (RRTs) are still blurred. This study integrates seismic, wireline logs, and conventional core data from some wells in the Meleiha development lease in the NWD to investigate the petrophysical characteristics of the Khatatba reservoir facies, and determine the different RRTs. On seismic, Khatatba Formation consists of high reflectivity, continuous reflections displaying an upward decrease in seismic amplitude corresponding to a fining-upward clastic succession of fluvial–tidal facies. These facies display a large-scale pore system heterogeneity, thereby comprising three different RRTs. RRTI and RRTII rocks have a well-connected pore network dominated by capillary and super-capillary pores (> 10 µm), whereas sub-capillary pores (< 10 µm) are more common in RRTIII sediments. RRTI rocks consist of quartzose sandstones with a clean pore network (cement < 20%). The open pore system of RRTI allows a displacement of more than 80% of the pore water at entry pressure levels < 500 psi. Carbonate and clay components are more common in RRTIII rocks (average = 5.6% and 13%, respectively). These components adversely impact the pore system connectivity of RRTIII sediments. Fluvial channel sandstones host the principal fluid flow conduits where RRTI sandstones account for more than 95% of the reservoir flow capacity. The present study provides the first reservoir rock typing for the Khatatba clastic reservoir facies and highlights the link between depositional, compositional attributes and the spatial distribution of the different RRTs.
Nonparametric Conditional Risk Mapping Under Heteroscedasticity
Authors: Fernández-Casal Rubén , Castillo-Páez Sergio , Francisco-Fernández Mario 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA nonparametric procedure to estimate the conditional probability that a nonstationary geostatistical process exceeds a certain threshold value is proposed. The method consists of a bootstrap algorithm that combines conditional simulation techniques with nonparametric estimations of the trend and the variability. The nonparametric local linear estimator, considering a bandwidth matrix selected by a method that takes the spatial dependence into account, is used to estimate the trend. The variability is modeled estimating the conditional variance and the variogram from corrected residuals to avoid the biasses. The proposed method allows to obtain estimates of the conditional exceedance risk in non-observed spatial locations. The performance of the approach is analyzed by simulation and illustrated with the application to a real data set of precipitations in the USA.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.
MAP-box: a novel, low-cost and easy-to-fabricate 3D-printed box for the storage and transportation of dissolving microneedle array patches
Authors: Anjani Qonita Kurnia , Cárcamo-Martínez Álvaro , Wardoyo Luki Ahmadi Hari , Moreno-Castellanos Natalia , Sabri Akmal Hidayat Bin , Larrañeta Eneko , Donnelly Ryan F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch on the use of microarray patches (MAPs) has progressed at an unprecedented rate over the years, leading to the development of many novel drug delivery systems. As the technology approaches patients, there are several key aspects that ought to be addressed in order to facilitate the smooth translation of MAPs from bench to bedside. One integral factor includes the choice of devices and packaging for the storage of MAPs. In the current work, a slide-and-seal box, MAP-box, was developed for the storage of dissolving MAPs, using fused-deposition modelling. The device has been designed to act as a pill-box for MAPs not only to provide protection for MAPs from the environment, but also to improve patient’s adherence to treatment. The overall design of the MAP-box was simple, yet offers the capability of sealing and protecting dissolving MAPs up to 30 days. Donepezil HCl was formulated into a dissolvable MAP, which was used to treat dementia related to Alzheimer’s disease. This compound was used as a model formulation to evaluate the utility of the 3D printed MAP-box when placed under three storage conditions: 5 °C and ambient humidity, 25 °C and 65% relative humidity and 40 °C and 75% relative humidity. It was shown that the slide-and-seal box was able to confer protection to MAPs for up to 30 days under accelerated stability study conditions as the drug loading, mechanical properties and insertion properties of MAPs remained unaffected when compared to the unpackaged MAPs stored under these same parameters. These preliminary data provide evidence that the MAP-box prototype may be of great utility for the storage of single or multiple MAPs. Nevertheless, future work will be needed to evaluate their patient usability and its application to different types of MAP systems to fully validate the overall robustness of the prototype.
Graphical Abstract