bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using multiobjective optimization to reconstruct interferometric data. Part I
Authors: Müller Hendrik , Mus Alejandro , Lobanov Andrei 
Published: May 2023

Context.Imaging in radioastronomy is an ill-posed inverse problem. However, with increasing sensitivity and capabilities of telescopes, several strategies have been developed in order to solve this challenging problem. In particular, novel algorithms have recently been proposed using (constrained) nonlinear optimization and Bayesian inference.Aims.The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration convincingly investigated the fidelity of their image reconstructions with large surveys, solving the image reconstruction problem with different optimization parameters. This strategy faces a limitation for the existing methods when imaging active galactic nuclei: Large and expensive surveys solving the problem with different optimization parameters are time-consuming. We present a novel nonconvex, multiobjective optimization modeling approach that gives a different type of claim and may provide a pathway to overcome this limitation.Methods.To this end, we use a multiobjective version of the genetic algorithm (GA): the Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition, or MOEA/D. The GA strategies explore the objective function by evolutionary operations to find the different local minima and to avoid becoming trapped in saddle points.Results.First, we tested our algorithm (MOEA/D) using synthetic data based on the 2017 EHT array and a possible EHT plus next-generation EHT configuration. We successfully recover a fully evolved Pareto front of nondominated solutions for these examples. The Pareto front divides into clusters of image morphologies representing the full set of locally optimal solutions. We discuss approaches to find the most natural guess among these solutions and demonstrate its performance on synthetic data. Finally, we apply MOEA/D to observations of the black hole shadow in Messier 87 with the EHT data in 2017.Conclusions.The MOEA/D is very flexible and faster than any other Bayesian method, and it explores more solutions than regularized maximum likelihood methods. We have written two papers to present this new algorithm. In the first, we explain the basic idea behind multiobjective optimization and MOEA/D, and we use MOEA/D to recover static images. In the second paper, we extend the algorithm to allow dynamic and (static and dynamic) polarimetric reconstructions.
Seed germination and seedling performance of Pinus pinaster Ait. populations from Coastal Central Portugal
Authors: Corticeiro Sofia , Rodrigues Diana , Pinto Glória , Fonseca Carlos , Maia Paula 
Published: May 2023

Natural regeneration is crucial to maintaining local adaptative genetic pools of Pinus pinaster Ait. forests and their restoration following disturbance events. After a wildfire, weak-serotinous maritime pine populations may only depend on the viability of seeds exposed to fire to recover. Subsequently, summer drought during the early stages of the pine seedlings may seriously jeopardize the success of natural regeneration and the productivity of natural exploitable forests. The main objectives of this work were 1) to determine and compare the seed germination rates of weak-serotinous maritime pine populations along a geographic gradient within the Coastal Center of Portugal and 2) to investigate the ability of non-selected natural regenerated pine seedlings to survive under water limitation conditions. To accomplish those aims, seeds were collected from 8 populations distributed along a 100 km geographical gradient and left to germinate for 2 months. The seedlings were submitted to a water limitation experiment for 3 weeks.
Overall no relation was found between seed weight and germination rate, but different trends were observed amongst populations. No relation was found between seed traits and seedling growth. Under water limitation, results suggested differences in water use efficiency between populations, possibly justified by adaptation to specific site conditions.
Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels at the Time of Admission Predict 90-Day
Mortality in Patients with Viral Pneumonia. A Prospective Study
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhao Jianyu , Wu Liyuan , Lu Xinxin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level at
admission affects the 90-day mortality rate in patients with viral
pneumonia.
Methods Two hundred fifty viral pneumonia patients were stratified into
normal FPG (FPG<7.0 mmol/L), moderately-elevated FPG
(FPG=7.0–14.0 mmol/L), and highly-elevated FPG
groups (FPG≥14.0 mmol/L) according to the FPG level at
the time of admission. The clinical characteristics, etiologies, and prognosis
of different groups of patients were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox
regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between the FPG
level and 90-day all-cause mortality rate in patients with viral pneumonia.
Results Patients in the moderately- and highly-elevated FPG groups had a
higher proportion of severe disease and mortality compared with the normal FPG
group (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant
trend toward higher mortality and increased cumulative risk at 30, 60, and 90 d
in patients with an FPG=7.0–14.0 mmol/L and an
FPG≥14 mmol/L (χ2=51. 77,
P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that compared
with an FPG<7.0 mmol/L, FPG=7.0 and
14.0 mmol/L (HR: 9.236, 95% CI: 1.106–77.119,
P=0.040) and FPG≥14.0 mmol/L (HR: 25.935,
95% CI: 2.586–246.213, P=0.005) were independent risk
factors for predicting the 90-day mortality rate in viral pneumonia
patients.
Conclusions The higher the FPG level at admission in a patient with viral
pneumonia, the higher the risk of all-cause mortality within 90 d.
Appropriate Surgical Margins for Excision of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Lip
Authors: Hong Jung Hyun , Jung Chan Woo , Kim Hoon Soo , Bae Yong Chan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy on the lower lip. Surgical excision, the standard treatment for SCC, requires full-thickness excision. However, no consensus exists about the appropriate surgical margin. Therefore, we investigated the appropriate surgical margin and excision technique by analyzing 23 years of surgical experience with lower-lip SCC.
Methods We reviewed 44 patients with lower-lip SCC who underwent surgery from November 1997 to October 2020. Frozen biopsy was performed with an appropriate margin on the left and right sides of the lesion, and the margin below the lesion was the skin above the sulcus boundary. If the frozen biopsy result was positive, an additional session was performed to secure a negative margin. Full-thickness excision was performed until the final negative margin. In each patient, the total number of sessions performed, final surgical margin, and recurrence were analyzed.
Results Forty-one cases ended in the first session, 2 ended in the second session, and 1 ended in the third session. The final surgical margins (left and right; n = 88) were 5 mm (66%), 7 mm (9%), 8 mm (2.3%), 10 mm (20.4%), and 15 mm (2.3%). During an average follow-up of 67.4 months (range, 12–227 months), recurrence occurred in one patient.
Conclusion The final surgical margin was 5 mm in 66% (58/88) of the cases, and 97.7% (86/88) were within 10 mm. Therefore, we set the first frozen biopsy margin to 5 mm, and we suggest that a 5-mm additional excision is appropriate when frozen biopsy results are positive.
Relationship between Psychological States and Coping in Reproductive Cancer Patients in the Context of the Pandemic
Authors: Menon Bindu , Gadiraju Padmaja 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction Cancer is known as a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells with the potential to proliferate and destroy body tissues. While it is not uncommon to observe changes in psychological states among patients with cancer, the pandemic situation has been reported to have an impact more severely.
Objective This study attempts to understand the psychological problems of cancer patients, and the process of coping adopted by reproductive cancer patients during the period of the pandemic.
Materials and Methods This study uses a correlation research design and the tools used for assessment were the four-dimensional symptom questionnaire and Brief COPE inventory. Through nonrandom sampling, a sample of 120 cancer patients diagnosed with reproductive cancer, both male and female from the regional cancer center and private cancer hospitals in Hyderabad, was recruited for the pandemic period from May 2020 to September 2021. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression statistical analysis methods were implemented.
Results Significant negative correlation was observed between psychological states and coping. Using multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that distress and depression predict problem-solving coping, distress and anxiety predict emotion-solving coping, and distress predicts adaptive coping.
Conclusion This study examines the psychological factors and coping methods in adapting to the dual challenges of illness and potential risk of infection transmission, and emphasizes designing an effective intervention. During the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis, the lack of support through psychological counseling to address their coping mechanisms to face the challenges is also glaring.
The Olfactory Dysfunction of COVID-19
Authors: Doty Richard L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUntil the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, much of the scientific community and the general public lacked an appreciation of the impact of decreased smell function on everyday life, including the importance of this sensory system for safety, nutrition, and overall quality of life. It is now well established that the SARS-CoV-2 virus inflicts measurable but frequently reversible smell loss during its acute phase. Indeed, in many studies such loss is the most common symptom of COVID-19. Permanent or long-term deficits (i.e., deficits lasting over a year) may occur in up to 30% of those who have been infected, including the development of odor distortions (dysosmias; parosmias). This review presents up-to-date information on the epidemiology, severity, and pathophysiology of COVID-19-related smell dysfunction, including its association with psychological and neurological sequelae.
National Access to EyeSi Simulation: A Comparative Study Among U.S. Ophthalmology Residency Programs
Authors: Oseni Jessinta , Adebayo Ayobami , Raval Nilesh , Moon Jee Young , Juthani Viral , Chuck Roy S. , Shrivastava Anurag 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate regional disparities in access to EyeSi surgical simulation training among U.S. ophthalmology residency programs.
Methods Access to EyeSi simulation was determined from sales data (2021) provided by VRMagic. Key demographic metrics of the primary counties of U.S. residency training programs were retrieved from the U.S. Census Bureau Database (2019) and PolicyMap (2021). Demographic metrics, Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital affiliation, and Doximity residency program ranking (2021) were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test.
Results A total of 124 residency training programs across 95 U.S. counties were included. Regional density (number of EyeSi simulators/million people) was calculated; the west had a significantly lower density when compared with the northeast (NE), south, and midwest (0.4 vs 1.0, 1.3, 1.1, respectively). In the NE, there was a significantly lower population of Blacks (p = 0.01), Hispanics (p = 0.028), and Native Americans (p = 0.008) residing in counties with access to EyeSi, compared with counties without EyeSi access. Programs with EyeSi access (N = 95) had a median Doximity ranking of 52.5, whereas programs without EyeSi access (N = 35) had a lower median ranking of 94 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Our analysis demonstrates significant disparities in access to EyeSi simulation training in the United States that could disproportionately impact minority communities. Access to an EyeSi simulator was associated with higher residency ranking independent of VA affiliation.
Effects of thermal annealing on the spin–orbit torque and unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance in Pt/CoFe/Ta trilayers
Authors: Feng Guonan , Fu Di , Chen Xi , Liu Jintao , Yang Xinyan , Liang Xiaorong , Lv Penghao , Zhao Di , Zuo Minggao , Yu Guanghua 
Published: May 2023

We investigated the spin–orbit torque (SOT) and unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance (USMR) in Pt/CoFe/Ta trilayer as well as Pt/CoFe and CoFe/Ta bilayers with in-plane magnetic anisotropy by performing transverse and longitudinal second harmonic resistance measurements. Compared to the two bilayers, we found that the trilayer exhibits enhanced SOT and USMR due to the opposite spin Hall angles of Pt and Ta, which work together to enhance the spin accumulation in the trilayer. Furthermore, we found that thermal annealing has a significant influence on the magnitude and sign of the SOT and USMR in the Pt/CoFe/Ta trilayers. Specifically, we observed that both the damping-like SOT and USMR of the trilayer decrease as the annealing temperature increases, and they even change signs at an annealing temperature between 235 and 265 °C. In contrast, the sign change of the SOT and USMR upon annealing is absent in the Pt/CoFe and CoFe/Ta bilayers. These findings suggest that the sign of the SOT and USMR in the Pt/CoFe/Ta trilayer can be easily manipulated by using an appropriate thermal annealing treatment, which has important implications for the development of novel spintronic devices.
Multiplexed structured imaging of laser induced fluorescence at 10 GHz rate
Authors: He Zichen , McCord Walker , Dogariu Arthur , Morozov Anatoli , Zhang Zhili 
Published: May 2023

The frame rate of conventional high-speed imaging devices is limited by exposure time and signal read-out time. Structured imaging is able to push the frame rate beyond the limit of the imaging device. This work demonstrates the feasibility of potential TeraHz rate structured imaging with a multiplexed structured imaging setup. In this work, a multiplexed structured image capture system was employed to image UV laser induced krypton-II emission lines at 10 GHz. The measured emission intensity of the 764 nm line over time suggests a temporal resolution of 97 ps. The temporal resolution is adjustable, and the frame rate can be further increased to the TeraHz level.
Study on flow characteristics of leakage in the last stage inner blade tip clearance of steam turbine
Authors: Lv Zhijia , Liu Xiaolong , Jiang Zhicheng , Lin Zhao , Zhao Zicheng , Han Xu 
Published: May 2023

Internal steam leakage in steam turbines from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side through clearances causes loss, resulting in reduced efficiency and potentially compromising the safe operation of the turbine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the flow characteristics of leakage through blade tip clearances is crucial to improve the efficiency of steam turbines. In this paper, the last stage blades of the low-pressure cylinder of a certain 600 MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine unit were studied. A wet steam flow model and a turbulence model were established, and the flow characteristics of the last stage under different inlet parameters, outlet parameters, and tip clearance sizes were analyzed. The results showed that an increase in the clearance size affects the inlet and outlet steam angles of the rotor blades, with significant changes occurring near the blade tip. The main flow velocity inside the rotor blade channel fluctuates violently starting from the 70% axial position. The high entropy region is located near the exit flow region of the rotor blade, with its range expanding as the clearance size increases. The entropy change is significant at 60% blade height and above, with more intense changes occurring in the blade tip area. The relative leakage amount and efficiency change uniformly with clearance variation. Generally, for every 0.1% increase in clearance height, the relative leakage amount increases by ∼0.31%–0.42%, and the stage efficiency decreases by 0.34%–0.44%. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis and guidance for improving the flow efficiency of steam turbines.
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) agroforestry systems: intraspecific differences in water relations and hydraulic architecture
Authors: Villagra Mariana , di Francescantonio Débora , Munaretto Nestor , Campanello Paula I. 
Published: May 2023

Intensive farming systems benefit from the additional ecosystem services provided by tree integration, which generate different growing conditions for the main crop. We studied yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) responses to growing conditions in monoculture (the conventional cropping system of yerba mate) and in three agroforestry systems: (1) yerba mate + Balfourodendron riedelianum; (2) yerba mate + Peltophorum dubium; and (3) yerba mate + Toona ciliata. Mainly, we focused on water relations and the hydraulic architecture of yerba mate. Agroforestry cropping systems provided a shade cover of around 34–45% and yielded as high as the conventional system. The shade cover influenced the allocation pattern to enhance leaf light capture, incrementing the leaf area to the sapwood area at the branch level. We also found a higher specific hydraulic conductivity in stems of yerba mate plants in consortium with T. ciliata than in the conventional cropping system, as well as higher resistance to water deficits due to lower vulnerability to embolism in the stems. During a severe drought, yerba mate plants had a similar stem and leaf water potential in both agricultural systems. Still, plants in monoculture had lower hydraulic safety margins and higher signs of leaf damage and mortality. This indicates that integrating trees into the yerba mate cultivation increases water stress resistance which would be beneficial to avoid restrictions on crop productivity under severe droughts induced by climate change.
Stars and junction conditions in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Brassel Byron P , Maharaj Sunil D , Goswami Rituparno 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The junction conditions for a higher dimensional spherically symmetric charged and anisotropic static star are derived in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity with nonvanishing cosmological constant. It is shown that for a timelike boundary hypersurface of zero thickness, the generalised matching conditions across this surface in EGB gravity are satisfied. A sufficient condition is that the Israel-Darmois conditions are valid. Therefore it is possible to generate a complete stellar model in EGB gravity. The interior matches to the exterior higher dimensional charged Boulware–Deser spacetime with cosmological constant. The barotropic radial pressure has to vanish at the boundary of the star which is also the case in general relativity.
Raman scattering studies of Si/B4C periodic multilayer mirrors with an operating wavelength of 13.5 nm
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Smertin Ruslan M , Prathibha B S , Nezhdanov Aleksey V , Drozdov Mikhail N , Polkovnikov Vladimir N , Chkhalo Nikolay I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In order to obtain mirrors with a minimum value of residual stress, periodic multilayer mirrors composed of Si/B4C were deposited by magnetron sputtering with change in pressure of sputtering Ar gas. The microstructure and phase of Si and B4C was manipulated by the pressure of Ar gas which overall affected the stress in the mirrors. The minimum stress was obtained at higher pressure of sputter Ar gas, which showed the formation of amorphous boron, amorphous B4C, free carbon atoms and amorphous carbon structure in the B4C layers, investigated by Raman scattering spectroscopy. In Raman spectroscopy, a transverse optical (TO) mode of amorphous Si was shifted to lower frequency with increase in Ar gas pressure, which indicated relaxation of stress, also confirmed by the curvature measurement of mirrors. However, in the case of high residual stress, the amorphous B4C was a prominent phase in this layer and the frequency of the TO mode of amorphous Si was blue-shifted. Microstructure and stress affected the interfaces and modulation of the periodicity of the Si/B4C mirrors, investigated by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, which influenced the reflectivity of the mirrors.
Evaluation of material surface properties using one-way collinear mixing Rayleigh waves
Authors: Lu Lu , Xu Caibin , Lai Quanqing , Deng Mingxi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear Rayleigh waves are useful for material surface damage detection. Traditional non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques based on higher harmonics of Rayleigh waves are inevitably interfered with by the nonlinearity of measurement systems. To overcome this disadvantage, an approach based on one-way collinear mixing Rayleigh waves (MRWs) is proposed to evaluate the material surface properties. A wedge with two different incidence angles for the excitations of transverse and longitudinal waves is designed to generate one-way collinear MRWs. The one-way collinear MRWs can be generated on the whole surface of the material, and propagate along the propagation way under one excitation. Numerical simulations of one-way collinear MRWs under different surface properties, which are characterized using different third-order elastic constants, are studied on a semi-infinite aluminum. Experiments are also conducted on the aluminum specimen, whose surface is corroded by hydrochloric acid so as to change the material surface properties. Both numerical and experimental results show that the one-way collinear MRWs are generated effectively, and the defined relative acoustic nonlinearity parameter increases with the propagation distance as well as the severity of the material surface damages. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed MRW-based method and prove that it would be a promising NDT technique for the accurate evaluation of material surface properties.
A robust and efficient model for transmission of surface plasmon polaritons onto metal–insulator–metal apertures
Authors: Barış İplikçioğlu S , Aksun M I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A simple yet accurate model for the transmission of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a finite metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide to the sides of the apertures is proposed and demonstrated to be more accurate than the available models. It is as simple as using a magnetic current density across the plane of the aperture whose value is defined by the SPPs with any number of modes in the waveguide through the equivalence principle. Then, the generated SPPs on both sides of the aperture are extracted from the convolution integral of the equivalent current density and Green’s function. As a result, the model provides the transmission coefficients of the SPPs in the MIM waveguide to the side walls of the aperture accurately and efficiently; not only for symmetric MIM waveguides with a single isolating layer but also non-symmetric ones with multi-layered insulating materials. The results are in very good agreement with those obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method and better than the other approximations available in literature for a wide range of aperture widths.
Generic role of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in nanocrystalline ferromagnets
Authors: Erokhin Sergey , Berkov Dmitry , Michels Andreas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Motivated by recent experimental polarized neutron results, we present a numerical micromagnetic study of the interfacial (intergrain) Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in nanocrystalline terbium. We demonstrate that the DMI-induced spin misalignment between adjacent nanograins is the reason for the formation of the asymmetric positive-negative pattern seen in polarized neutron scattering experiments. Analysis of the remagnetization process suggests the generic impact of the DMI on the macroscopic magnetic parameters of polycrystalline defect-rich materials.