bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiome alterations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (literature review)
Authors: Gaifullina Olga V. , Deryabina Elena G. , Melkozerova Oksana A. 
Published: January 2025

Background. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common disorder that is getting a special attention recently due to the unwanted outcomes that it leaves on the health of both the women and their offspring. New approaches are being applied in order to develop strategies that prevent GDM and its consequences on the metabolic and physiological state. One of the factors that have been thought to be involved in the pathology behind this disorder is the microbiome.Objective: to determine the current evidence regarding the association of the maternal microbiota composition with gestational diabetes mellitus and to discuss the possibility of the management of GDM using the microbiome.Material and methods. An extensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE database (PubMed) using keywords and filter: randomized controlled trial, meta-analysis, systematic review.Research results. This review summarizes the main data on the influence of microbiota composition and diversity on the occurrence and development of GDM. Although there were some inconsistencies among the results, a pattern of significant changes in the gut, oral, and vaginal microbiome of women with GDM was observed. It was found that the composition and diversity of gut microbiota were significantly associated with the occurrence and development of GDM. Specifically, the abundance of certain gut bacteria is associated with anincreased risk of GDM, while other changes in the microbiome may beassociated with improved insulin sensitivity. In addition, alterations in the gutmicrobiota may affect blood glucose control through a variety of mechanisms, including the production of short-chain fatty acids, activation of inflammatory pathways, and metabolism of the B vitamin group.Conclusion. We concluded a clear existing correlation between GDM and the microbial communities, where specific patterns of alterations in the microbiome was observed in the gut, oral and vaginal tracts of the pregnant women. These findings, although having some limitations, are promising and encouraging to develop strategies that target the human microbiome in order to develop novel therapeutic plans to treat or prevent GDM using next generation probiotics and parabiotics. Future studies should assess the outcomes and the efficacy of such therapeutic methods.
The basis of bacteriological safety in the neonatal intensive care unit (literature review)
Authors: Shakirova Ksenia P. , Ivanov Mikhail M. , Gaeva Alexandra I. 
Published: January 2025

Background. According to world statistics, 7% of patients out of 100 in high-income countries and 15% of patients out of 100 in low- and middle-income countries develop infections related to medical care. As follows from the report of the World Health Organization, one in four cases of hospital sepsis that occurred in the intensive care unit is caused by hospital strains. On average, one in ten of these patients has a hospital-acquired infection that is fatal. The high-risk group includes patients in intensive care units, including newborns. In 2023, 28973 cases of neonatal infections (including intrauterine infection) were registered in medical organizations of the Russian Federation. The highest rates of neonatal morbidity were recorded in the Sverdlovsk Region (42.2%), the Trans-Baikal Territory (33.0%), the Novosibirsk Region (26.0%), the Chelyabinsk Region (22.4%), the Krasnoyarsk Territory (21.8%) and the Irkutsk Region (21.3%). Thus, infection prevention and control strategies aimed at both patients and their environment are of paramount importance in neonatal intensive care units.Objective. To summarize current relevant data on the prevention of hospital infections in neonatal intensive care units.Materials and methods. A literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE database (PubMed) as of December 2024 using keywords and a filter: randomized controlled trial, meta-analysis, systematic review.Results. This review summarizes the main data on the prevention of hospital infections in neonatal intensive care units. According to the literature, ensuring bacteriological safety in relation to the development of hospital infections depends on many factors: hand hygiene of medical personnel, organization of venous access control, disinfection of medical equipment and premises, compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics when performing invasive manipulations, the introduction of modern approaches in the care of premature infants.Conclusion. There are many tasks in the intensive care unit that require innovative strategies to ensure the safe care of premature newborns. Joint efforts to standardize the processing of specialized equipment, maintain the cleanliness of the environment, comply with vascular access care protocols, adequate hand hygiene, and the active introduction of parents into newborn care are an integral part of the program aimed at preventing nosocomial infections. Active cooperation between the neonatal intensive care unit and the epidemiological service of the institution will allow us to develop a rational policy for risk management and monitoring of hospital infections.
Fetal growth restriction: features of anamnesis, outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth
Authors: Syundyukova Elena G. , Tikhonova Tatyana E. , Uzlova Tatyana V. , Diner Natalia M. , Ryabikina Maria G. , Filippova Natalia A. , Yakovleva Yulia A. , Tarasova Lyudmila B. 
Published: January 2025

Background. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a serious medical and social problem, which is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term consequences for offspring. To date, there are no absolute instrumental tests for accurately predicting the condition of the fetus, which justifies the relevance of this study.Objective. To study the features of the anamnesis, the course of pregnancy, and the outcome of childbirth in women with fetal growth restriction.Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a continuous sample of 200 women who were delivered at the Clinic of the South Ural State Medical University (Chelyabinsk) in 2022. All the women were divided into two groups: group 1 - 30 women with FGR, group 2 - 170 women without FGR. The outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth were studied (the results were obtained by means of a questionnaire, analysis of medical documentation: the book of a pregnant woman, the history of childbirth).Results. There was a low effectiveness of the prognosis of FGR both according to the results of the analysis of anamnestic risk factors and according to laboratory and instrumental screening programs at 11-13,6 weeks of gestation. A low percentage of coverage with drug prevention was registered in the high-risk group of FGR (55%). We found that FGR is associated with other placental disorders, which more often began in the second trimester with changes in uterine and fetal blood flow and progressed as the gestation period increased. Fetal growth restriction is associated with severe preeclampsia, high incidence of premature birth, cesarean section, hypotrophy and severe asphyxia of newborns.Conclusion. The absence of significant anamnestic risk factors, the low effectiveness of predicting fetal growth retardation based on the results of programmatic screening at 11-13,6 weeks require the development of new modern methods for predicting pathology. Research should focus on the development of new fetal diagnostic tools that can improve the accuracy of predicting critical fetal conditions, as well as on the introduction of innovative therapeutic measures aimed at improving placental hemodynamics, which will further optimize the timing of delivery.
Streptococcus agalactiae in neonatology: detection strategies
Authors: Amineva Polina G. , Voroshilina Ekaterina S. , Starkov Vadim Yu. , Dodrov Dmitry S. 
Published: January 2025

Background. Group B streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae, SGV) remains the main cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis, despite a marked decrease due to the use of intranatal antibiotic prophylaxis. At the same time, delays in the detection and treatment of neonatal infections can cause serious consequences and, in some cases, the death of a newborn, on the other hand, unnecessary use of antibiotics also has harmful consequences (changes in the normal microbiota of a newborn, the development of antimicrobial resistance, etc.). At the same time, laboratories are constantly faced with the task of improving diagnostic approaches for the rapid and correct identification of newborns with infection.The purpose of the study. To analyze the effectiveness, efficiency and timing of the results of bacteriological examination in neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae to determine the best diagnostic strategy.Material and methods. In the period from January to November 2024, the case histories of 10 newborns with positive hemoculture for Streptococcus agalactiae were analyzed. Blood samples were taken under aseptic conditions according to the standard protocol. The identification of microorganisms was carried out by 2 methods: 1 — by standard subcultivation on nutrient cups and 2 — directly from positive vials using MALDI-TOF MS technology on a Vitek MS analyzer (BioMerieux, France) using the in-house method.Results. The average time from the moment of sampling to placement in the hemocultivation device (A) was 13.1±7.4 hours, the average growth time of the microorganism, i.e., to a positive signal (B) was 6.7± 3.0, the average time for identification of the pathogen from a blood vial (C) was 20.2±13.1, the average sample turnover time in the laboratory (from the collection of the material to the issuance of the identification result to the clinician — D) was 42.0 ± 12.0 hours. When using the accelerated identification method directly from a positive vial, the average time C was 12.5 hours, D — 36.3 hours.Conclusions. The use of an accelerated technique for the cultural detection of OHS in hemocultures of newborn children allowed to reduce the time of identification of the pathogen in a positive blood culture by 17.5 hours from 30 hours to 12.5 (more than 2 times), and the total time from obtaining the biomaterial to making a decision by the attending physician was reduced by 14 hours (from 50 hours to 36), i.e. almost 1.5 times.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Western Sudan during the armed conflict 2023-2024
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Humida Eldisugi , Mohamed Ibrahim Salah , Khalil Yousif Mohammed Amal , Alhadi Hamid Namarig , Mirghani Osman Ali Ahmed , Gadelkarim Ahmed Hussain 
Published: January 2025

Background: Tuberculosis represents one of the foremost infectious cause of mortality globally; the disease is endemic in Sudan and has experienced a significant increase amid the ongoing armed conflict. This study aims to investigate extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Western Sudan during the conflict period from 2023 to 2024.
Methodology: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted at El-Obeid Teaching Hospital in North Kordofan State, Sudan, from August 2023 to September 2024. This was conducted on 233 patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis from a total of 751 patients with tuberculous infections. The study collected all data related to the patients from the hospital records during the specified period from 15 April 2023 to 15 April 2024. A total coverage of all patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis within the designated time frame, irrespective of any inclusion or exclusion criteria. Results: The data revealed that 65% were males and 35% were females. The most prevalent age group is > 46, followed by < 18, 26-35, and 36-45, with incidence rates of 37%, 18%, 17%, and 13%, respectively. The majority of the patients (59%) lived in urban areas, while 41% in rural areas.63% of them were married, while 35% were single. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most prevalent type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, followed by tuberculous pleuritis, abdominal TB, spinal TB, tuberculous pericarditis, and TB meningitis (39%, 28%, 14%, 12%, 5%, and 2%, respectively). Conclusion: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is widespread in western Sudan, with tuberculous lymphadenitis and tuberculous pleuritis being the most common manifestations of the disease. This study indicates greater values than what was previously recorded in the world. In Western Sudan the disease primarily affects middle-aged males, with the majority of cases presented beyond the 2 months period. The near-collapsed economy, the inadequately equipped health system, and the detrimental effects of the armed conflict were the primary factors in the study's findings.
The value of ICT and Latex Serological tests in Screening for Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Yousif Adam Regal Hassan , Abdalla Agab Eldour Ahmed , Abdelbagi Alneel Khansa , Hamed Audalla Sukar Akram , Mohammed Eisa Ibrahim , Abakar Hassan , Gadelkarim Ahmed Hussain 
Published: January 2025

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic parasite responsible for infections in various warm-blooded animals and humans. This study primarily focused on evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of ICT and latex serological methods for screening Toxoplasma gondii in North Kordofan, Sudan. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted in El-Obeid, North Kordofan State, Sudan, from January to May 2024. A total of 260 samples were collected from women who had experienced abortions or had a previous history of such events. A blood sample was collected from each respondent to conduct serological tests, including ICT, latex, and ELISA. Results: The study involved approximately 260 women to evaluate the validity of the various techniques employed. In this research, ICT and LaTeX were compared with ELIZA as the gold standard method, yielding a positive rate of 14.6% and a negative rate of 85.4% using ICT methods. However, the results from the Latex method indicated a positivity rate of 15.8%, while the negativity rate stood at 84.2%. In ELIZA, 17.3% is positive, while 82.7% is negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the techniques employed in this study are compared with the ELISA technique, as detailed in the following tests. The sensitivity achieved through the ICT technique was 84%, while the specificity reached 100% as observed in the findings. The sensitivity and specificity obtained through the latex technique were determined to be 94% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Both Latex and ICT demonstrate relatively better sensitivity and very good specificity, making them suitable for screening and diagnostic purposes in conflict areas.
Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kota Pematangsiantar
Authors: Eve Ida Malau  
Published: January 2025

Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan perubahan kondisi ekonomi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kapasitas produksi barang dan jasa selama periode tertentu dan dapat diartikan akan memberikan kontribusi pada pendapatan daerah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap pendapatan asli daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kota Pematangsiantar. Data sekunder yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data pertumbuhan ekonomi dan realisasi pendapatan asli daerah tahun 2012-2021 yang berasal dari website resmi Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana. Alat analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji normalitas, regresi linier sederhana, uji t, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di kota Pematangsiantar yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai pertumbuhan ekonomi yaitu sebesar thitung = 5,711 > ttabel = 2,306 dengan taraf signifikan 0,05. Besarnya pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi yaitu sebesar 80,3% sedangkan sebesar 19,7% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
« Des livres superbes… avec une touche de mystère » : stratégies et positionnement des éditions Lounak (2013-2018)
Authors: Rioux Philippe 
Published: January 2025

En observant les débuts des éditions Lounak, nous chercherons à capter ce moment crucial où les paramètres qui déterminent la trajectoire de l’entreprise sont définis. Pour ce faire, nous nous attarderons à « l’acte éditorial » posé par Lounak, qui est compris comme « une situation d’énonciation, non pas dissociée, mais intégrée au texte et qui se traduit autant dans et par la matérialité visuelle du livre que dans les opérations intellectuelles de son établissement et les éléments paratextuels qui l’accompagnent » (Ouvry-Vial, 2007 : 77).
Incidental Extraluminal Leiomyosarcoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Rare Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Manohar Anisha , Negi Preety , Miglani Ripan , Pruthi Harnoor Singh , Kaur Manjeet , Kumari Priyanka 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Non-urothelial malignancies in the bladder are rare. Leiomyosarcoma has been recognized as the most common mesenchymal tumor, accounting for less than 0.1% of primary bladder tumors. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma mostly relies on histopathological analysis and specific immunohistochemical markers, as clinical and imaging findings are typically inadequate.
Case Report: We here describe the case of a 56-year-old female who presented with diffuse pain in the lower abdomen during micturition for one week. Whole body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging findings identified a faintly FDG-avid lesion in the anterior pelvic region raising the suspicion of a mesenteric mass. She underwent exploratory laparotomy, which revealed a 4x3 cm mass originating from the fundus of the bladder (extraluminal) with adhesions to the sigmoid colon. Histopathological examination of the resected mass confirmed it as a high-grade sarcoma of the urinary bladder with necrotic areas and high mitotic activity. The surrounding cuff of bladder tissue revealed no evidence of malignancy. The immunohistochemistry report results were positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin, and caldesmon supporting the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma urinary bladder.
Conclusion: This case underscores the rarity and diagnostic challenges associated with extraluminal leiomyosarcoma of the bladder. There is a need to consider leiomyosarcoma as differential diagnosis of atypical bladder masses highlighting the importance of a tailored, multidisciplinary approach, addressing the potential for recurrence, and improving patient outcomes. Continued reporting of cases and collaborative research efforts are essential to advance our understanding of this rare malignancy.
Evaluation of Drug Utilization in Coronary Artery Disease in Tertiary Care Centre: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: CS Vishal , Florence Jasma Ellen , Das Sayantan , Raj Aravinth , Sarkar Sunil , Kumar E. Satheesh , L Padma , V Smitha 
Published: January 2025

Aim: In this study, the goal was to asses Drug utilization evaluation, WHO core indicators, monitoring the patient’s response to therapy of coronary artery disease.
Study Design: Sapthagiri institute of medical sciences, Bangalore.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Cardiology Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), From (June 2024- Nov 2024) Chikkasandra, Hesaraghatta Road Bangalore.
Methodology: We conducted prospective cross-sectional study for 6 months which includes patients who were diagnosed with coronary artery disease diagnosed of different types.
Results: Among 311 patients, 30.2% were in the age group between 58-67 years of age. By 68.8%, male patients outnumbered female patients. Ischemic heart disease in coronary artery disease were the most common diagnosis. Out of 311 patients, 197 patients had comorbidities and the most common comorbidity was Hypertension (66), Diabetes melitus (47). Most commonly used combination therapy was Coronary angiography (CAG) with drug therapy (233). Majority of drugs prescribed under generic name with Aspirin (244). Category of drugs used is antiplatelet (471). Oral route (1423) of drug administration was the preferred route. Drug interactions are moderate which can be avoided at dose adjustments and limiting to single drug use of antiplatelets. WHO reports 45% of prescriptions include 5.4 drugs, 2.3% prescribe antibiotics, 10.6% use injections, 73.2% use generic names, and 98% are from the essential medicines list.
Conclusion: The study evaluated drug utilization in coronary artery disease patients in a tertiary care hospital. The most common treatment approach was Coronary Angiography with drug therapy, with antiplatelet, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic drugs being the most commonly prescribed.
Mapping local policy approaches to child neglect assessment practice and use of tools in England
Authors: Duman Monica , Bekaert Sarah , Cocks Alison , Appleton Jane V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChild neglect has devastating enduring consequences for children and its identification and assessment remains challenging for practitioners. In England, assessment tools and standardised measures have been incorporated in welfare and safeguarding practice to help practitioners' critical observation and analysis and improve their assessments of risk. However, the picture regarding child neglect assessment practice trends on the ground remains unknown. This mapping exercise aimed to, firstly, provide an overview of the approaches to neglect practice and neglect assessment tools promoted by Local Safeguarding Children Partnerships (LSCPs) across England, and secondly, provide a brief examination of the types of tools advocated. An email survey was sent to the safeguarding leads or chairs of LSCPs in England (n = 121). Forty‐two valid responses were received (34.7%). Almost all participating LSCPs had a Neglect Strategy in place and recommended the use of tools and chronologies when working with neglect. Eighteen individual neglect tools were reported with only two of these having undergone psychometric testing. The findings affirm that the use of tools or instruments with low or no testing for psychometric properties continues to be widespread in children's social care and welfare practice in England. Implications and recommendations for practice, policy and future research are discussed.