bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid ZnO@Au Nanorod Array for Fast and Repeatable Bacteria Inactivation
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaosa , Jia Xiaodan , Wu Lie , Jiang Xiue 
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe worldwide abuse of antibiotics and resultant antimicrobial resistance made the development of new antibacterial materials an urgent and significant issue. Herein, a hybrid ZnO@Au nanorod array with fast bacterial inactivation and excellent recyclability was reported. 93% bacteria could be inactivated within 5 min ultra‐sonication under indoor daylight, and the killing rate maintains above 90% after seven repeated using cycles. Antibacterial mechanism involves extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from photocatalysis and piezoelectricity of nanorod array, intracellular ROS generation and decrease of adenosine‐triphosphate (ATP) originated from electron transfer (ET) from bacteria to nanorod array, as well as mechanical effect from the nanorod, among which ET mechanism plays a major role. Large Schottky barrier from the hybrid interface not only enhances the ROS generation by promoting the charge transfer and carrier separation as well as light utilization, but also enables one‐direction electron transfer from bacteria to nanorod array. The resultant continuous electron loss breaks the energy metabolism and disturbs the redox equilibrium, leading to bacterial death. This study demonstrates the great potential of hybrid structure in antibacterial applications and indicates ET as a novel effective antibacterial mechanism for semiconductor materials, which provides insights into the design of next‐generation antibacterial materials.
Cell‐by‐cell quantification of the androgen receptor in benign and malignant prostate leads to a better understanding of changes linked to cancer initiation and progression
Authors: Derderian Seta , Benidir Tarik , Scarlata Eleonora , Altaylouni Turki , Hamel Lucie , Zouanat Fatima Zahra , Brimo Fadi , Aprikian Armen , Chevalier Simone 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in the development and homeostasis of the prostate and is a key therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). The gold standard therapy for advanced PCa is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which targets androgen production and AR signaling. However, resistance to ADT develops via AR‐dependent and AR‐independent mechanisms. As reports on AR expression patterns in PCa have been conflicting, we performed cell‐by‐cell AR quantification by immunohistochemistry in the benign and malignant prostate to monitor changes with disease development, progression, and hormonal treatment. Prostates from radical prostatectomy (RP) cases, both hormone‐naïve and hormone‐treated, prostate tissues from patients on palliative ADT, and bone metastases were included. In the normal prostate, AR is expressed in >99% of luminal cells, 51% of basal cells, and 61% of fibroblasts. An increase in the percentage of AR negative (%AR−) cancer cells along with a gradual loss of fibroblastic AR were observed with increasing Gleason grade and hormonal treatment. This was accompanied by a parallel increase in staining intensity of AR positive (AR+) cells under ADT. Staining AR with N‐ and C‐terminal antibodies yielded similar results. The combination of %AR− cancer cells, %AR− fibroblasts, and AR intensity score led to the definition of an AR index, which was predictive of biochemical recurrence in the RP cohort and further stratified patients of intermediate risk. Lastly, androgen receptor variant 7 (ARV7)+ cells and AR− cells expressing neuroendocrine and stem markers were interspersed among a majority of AR+ cells in ADT cases. Altogether, the comprehensive quantification of AR expression in the prostate reveals concomitant changes in tumor cell subtypes and fibroblasts, emphasizing the significance of AR− cells with disease progression and palliative ADT.
Electrochemical Determination of Carbendazim Based on In2S3 Nanotubes
Authors: Lan Lin , Li Bei , Chen Xiaomei , Gao Yunkai , Kuang Xuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPesticide residue is one of the main concerns in human health and environmental safety. A label‐free electrochemical sensor for carbendazim detection based on In2S3 hollow nanotubes is presented. The MOF‐derived In2S3 possessed a porous structure and excellent electrical conductivity properties, leading to the strong affinity to carbendazim pesticide. Under optimized conditions, this sensor exhibited a linear response from 5 to 80 μM and was used to determine carbendazim in the orange juice extract samples, which possesses satisfactory accuracy. Therefore, the method provides broad prospects for rapid and reliable detection of pesticide residues in food and environmental samples.
Prediction of behavior of a noncommunicative robot based on observations of its movement
Authors: Das Bappaditya , Mandal Chintan Kr 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn adversary robot can move around in a free space “patrolling an area” appearing to have a random“behavior”if observed through a “lens.” The“behavior”of the robot is associated with its observed/internal state. Stochastic techniques or machine learning techniques, which can be used to predict the future states of an adversary robot demand high computation and thus, power. Advanced RNN techniques like long short‐term memory, which can make predictions using long‐term dependencies of the sequence data, also have extremely high computing and memory requirements. Thus, the systems involved in using these former techniques are not appropriate to be deployed in fields which require inconspicuous monitoring. In this work, we present two novel methods using the“behavior”to predict the future states of an adversary robot which can be deployed using a low computing device/small single board computer/robot in a non‐GPS environment without any internet connection. The proposed two methods are based on a list and a graph, respectively. Unlike the most available literature, where the prediction is based on “time,” our model predicts the future state using the states of the system. These methods work for both single and multiple‐looped paths taken by the adversary robot. The results show that the prediction error which depends on the predicted move and the actual move taken by the robot decreases as a logarithmic function and is comparatively lower when the adversary robot follows a path having multiple loops.
The Role of a Sn Promoter on an Anodic Pt Electrocatalyst Prepared over H2O2‐Functionalized Carbon Supports for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) Applications
Authors: Azcoaga Chort María Florencia , Stassi Julieta Paola , de Miguel Sergio Rubén , Veizaga Natalia Soledad , Rodríguez Virginia Inés 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes and Vulcan carbon were functionalized with a 30 %v/v hydrogen peroxide solution and employed as supports for Pt and PtSn catalysts prepared by the polyol method. PtSn catalysts with a Pt loading of 20 wt.% and a Pt : Sn atomic ratio equal to 3 : 1 were evaluated in the ethanol electrooxidation reaction. The effects of the oxidizing treatment on the surface area and the surface chemical nature were analyzed through N2 adsorption, isoelectric point, and temperature‐programmed desorption measurements. Results showed that the H2O2 treatment affects the surface area of the carbons to a great extent. Characterization results indicated that the performance of the electrocatalysts strongly depends both on the presence of Sn and on the support functionalization. PtSn/CNT−H2O2 electrocatalyst displays a high electrochemical surface area and enhanced catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation in comparison to other catalysts in the present study.
Three‐phase bidirectional isolated LLC resonant DC‐DC converter for DC microgrid applications
Authors: dos Santos Kristian Pessoa , de Lima Henn Gustavo Alves , de Souza Oliveira Junior Demercil , Barreto Luiz Henrique Silva Colado , Tofoli Fernando Lessa , Filho Hermínio Miguel Oliveira , Praça Paulo Peixoto 
Published: April 2023

SummaryDC microgrids rely strongly on bidirectional dc‐dc converters responsible for managing the power flow among distinct loads and renewable energy sources like fuel cells and batteries. In this context, this work presents a three‐phase inductor‐inductor‐capacitor (LLC) resonant dc‐dc converter with high‐frequency isolation and bidirectional power flow capability, employing phase‐shift control and frequency modulation. The resonant tank takes advantage of using the leakage inductance and the magnetizing inductance of the high‐frequency transformer (HFT), which allows for improving power density. The active switches operate with a fixed duty ratio of 50% so that the converter can always achieve zero‐voltage switching (ZVS). The mathematical analysis is carried out based on a single‐phase representation of the converter, which considers only the fundamental components. A dynamic model is derived using the gyrator theory, which allows representing the converter as a frequency‐controlled current source to regulate the output voltage. In addition, the power flow direction is determined from the estimation of an ideal phase‐shift angle for each frequency aiming to control the output power. An experimental prototype is implemented and thoroughly assessed to demonstrate that the introduced topology is feasible for dc microgrids and other applications that require bidirectional power flow.
Demography and dispersal at a grass‐shrub ecotone: A spatial integral projection model for woody plant encroachment
Authors: Drees Trevor , Ochocki Brad M. , Collins Scott L. , Miller Tom E. X. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe encroachment of woody plants into grasslands is a global phenomenon with implications for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Understanding and predicting the pace of expansion and the underlying processes that control it are key challenges in the study and management of woody encroachment. Theory from spatial population biology predicts that the occurrence and speed of expansion should depend sensitively on the nature of conspecific density dependence. If fitness is maximized at the low‐density encroachment edge, then shrub expansion should be “pulled” forward. However, encroaching shrubs have been shown to exhibit positive feedbacks, whereby shrub establishment modifies the environment in ways that facilitate further shrub recruitment and survival. In this case there may be a fitness cost to shrubs at low density causing expansion to be “pushed” from behind the leading edge. We studied the spatial dynamics of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), which has a history of encroachment into Chihuahuan Desert grasslands over the past century. We used demographic data from observational censuses and seedling transplant experiments to test the strength and direction of density dependence in shrub fitness along a gradient of shrub density at the grass–shrub ecotone. We also used seed‐drop experiments and wind data to construct a mechanistic seed‐dispersal kernel, then connected demography and dispersal data within a spatial integral projection model (SIPM) to predict the dynamics of shrub expansion. Contrary to expectations based on potential for positive feedbacks, the shrub encroachment wave is “pulled” by maximum fitness at the low‐density front. However, the predicted pace of expansion was strikingly slow (ca. 8 cm/year), and this prediction was supported by independent resurveys of the ecotone showing little to no change in the spatial extent of shrub cover over 12 years. Encroachment speed was acutely sensitive to seedling recruitment, suggesting that this population may be primed for pulses of expansion under conditions that are favorable for recruitment. Our integration of observations, experiments, and modeling reveals not only that this ecotone is effectively stalled under current conditions but also why that is so and how that may change as the environment changes.
Effect of species‐level trait variation on urban exploitation in mammals
Authors: Weiss Katherine C. B. , Green Austin M. , Herrera Daniel J. , Hubbard Tru M. , Rega‐Brodsky Christine C. , Allen Maximilian L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIdentifying drivers of urban association in wildlife is a central challenge in conservation biology. Traits facilitating access to novel resources and avoiding humans often correspond with urban exploitation in mammal species, but these relationships differ by taxa and trophic guild. Variation among or within traits may be a yet untested explanation for the non‐generality of species‐trait relationships in cities. Using camera trap data from 1492 sites throughout the contiguous USA in 2019, we investigated if mammal species with greater intraspecific trait variation have higher degrees of urban occupancy. We hypothesized that intraspecific trait variation would correspond with urban occupancy, but that the strength of these relationships would vary by taxonomic order due to expected phylogenetic constraints. Mean trait values (average home range size, body mass, group size, weaning age, litter size, and diet composition) varied widely across orders. The only traits that affected urban association across all species corresponded with demography (litter size), while responses across orders were more variable and informative. Mean trait values associated with home range and body size had informative relationships with urbanization for Cetartiodactyla, Rodentia, and Carnivora, while intraspecific variation in traits corresponding with diet (Carnivora), demography (Cetartiodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia), and temporal responses to humans (Carnivora) had informative relationships to urbanization. This is the first study investigating mammalian species‐level trait variation and its relationship to urban exploitation across many traits and taxa. Since natural selection requires trait variation, the variation of demographic traits, like litter size, can have significant implications for wildlife management and conservation. Our results also provide further evidence for omnivory as a form of dietary plasticity supporting urban accessibility in higher trophic guilds (e.g., Carnivora). Using this information, we can better manage and understand which species occupy and adapt to cities, thereby promoting human‐wildlife coexistence.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide Mediated by Electron Donor–Acceptor Complex: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 3‐Sulfonyl Indolizines
Authors: Naud‐Martin Delphine , Kosiuha Marharyta , Zucolotto Cocca Leandro H. , Retailleau Pascal , Mahuteau‐Betzer Florence , De Boni Leonardo , Piguel Sandrine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work investigates a light‐driven 3‐component sulfonylation reaction of indolizines without needing any external photocatalyst. The mechanistic investigations support the formation of an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex in situ. This transformation offers a mild and sustainable approach with high functional group tolerance for the synthesis of 3‐sulfonylated indolizines. This compound class has valuable photophysical properties and represents promising candidates in various applications related to fluorescence.
Oxetane Ring‐Opening Reaction: A Key Step for the Preparation of Substituted (Fluoro)alkenyl as Acyclonucleoside Mimics
Authors: Leparfait David , Xiao Feng , Coupri Delphine , Gueulle Sabrina , Desriac Florie , Budin‐Verneuil Aurélie , Verneuil Nicolas , Hartke Axel , Pfund Emmanuel , Lequeux Thierry 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTri‐ and tetra‐substituted alkenes, including fluoroalkenes, were prepared by a selective ring‐opening reaction of functionalized oxetanes. The introduction of adenine nucleic base allows the synthesis of alkenyl and fluoroalkenyl derivatives that were evaluated towards DltA enzyme as potential nucleoside mimics.
A deep learning method to monitor axial pressure and shear deformation of rubber bearings under coupled compression and shear loading
Authors: Zeng Yi , He Zhizhou , Pan Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLaminated rubber bearings are the key components of base isolated structures. It is important to effectively monitor the axial pressure and shear deformation in rubber bearings. In previous studies, the axial pressure and shear deformation of rubber bearings have been monitored separately using wavelet‐packet‐based method. However, when the axial pressure and deformation of rubber bearings change at the same time, the prediction error of the above method is large. Therefore, this paper proposed a new deep neural network architecture, named P&D‐NET to monitor the axial pressure and shear deformation simultaneously. The P&D‐NET combines wavelet packet decomposition method and fully connected neural network. In this study, the coupling effects of axial pressure and shear deformation monitoring are studied by full‐scale experiments. The details of P&D‐NET are also introduced. Three full‐scale smart rubber bearings (SRB) were tested under different axial pressure and shear deformation to form a real measured dataset. The influence of feature extraction methods, network structures, and weighting coefficient in loss function was investigated to optimize the network. By using the optimal hyperparameters, the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of axial pressure prediction and shear deformation prediction in the test set is 1.41 MPa and 17.6%, which has reduced the error by up to 68.8% compared to the previous wavelet‐packet‐based method.
A new method for determining loess particle size distribution based on ‘core + clothes’ structure
Authors: Zhou Bingquan , Li Xi‐An , An Mingxiao , Yang Wenfu , Ren Yongbiao , Wen Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe particle size distribution (PSD) of loess particles and agglomerates is the key factor determining the microstructure of loess. The PSD largely determines many physical and mechanical properties such as mechanical strength, deformation characteristics and permeability of loess. In this paper, we combined image processing, geometric measurements and statistical methods to quantitatively characterize the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of loess. A new method based on the ‘core + clothes’ structure is proposed to determine the PSD. The developed Gaussian mixture model is applicable to describe the overall distribution of the image pixel density. Determining pixel density distribution and particle boundary allows for the measurement of various geometric parameters. The comparison analyses suggest that the sieve‐hydrometer method has a well‐developed test procedure; however, the measured particle size is limited to 0.075 mm. The laser diffraction method is simple and fast, yet only weak agglomerates can be dispersed, and very fine particles are influenced by size data conversion theory and light source parameters. X‐ray microtomography has the advantage of a non‐destructive sample preparation and intuitive process. However, the results are greatly affected by the parameter settings and segmentation algorithm, and the segmentation effect is poor for particles with a size smaller than 12 μm. The new image processing technique developed in this study improves the limitation of the measurement results via changes in the loess state (water content, stress level). Moreover, different PSDs can be determined according to the variation of functional units. This work is of great significance for the study of numerous properties related to the loess state.
Exploring tree‐like fins for enhanced latent heat storage performance
Authors: Diaz Andres J. , Yaconi Vicente 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines how tree‐like fins can be used to improve the phase‐change process of Latent Heat Storage (LHS) systems. ANSYS‐Fluent was utilized to predict the temperature distribution and the time‐evolution of the phase‐change process. A Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) at 353 K was used for the charging, and 293 K for the discharging process in a shell and tube configuration. Results showed that tree‐like fins provide superior thermal performance compared to straight fins (base case) for both charging and discharging. The thermal performance is enhanced when employing short fin lengths relative to their maximum size at each branch (small αn values). This reduces the temperature gradients within the PCM without increasing the volume occupied by the fins within the LHS system. In addition, decreasing αn values increases the heat transfer area between the fins and Phase‐Change Material (PCM). Designs with two bifurcations achieved a notable increase in their heat transfer area, accelerating the phase‐change process compared to the base case.
A coupled multigrid solver with wall functions forthree‐dimensionalturbulent flows over urban‐like obstacles
Authors: Lien Fue‐Sang , Ji Hua , Ryan Sydney D. , Ripley Robert C. , Zhang Fan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the objectives for rapid operational tools for urban atmospheric events isfastcalculation of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for multiphase flows to respond to deliberate or accidental chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) releases. This article addresses the implementation of a coupled multigrid (CMG) method in an in‐house pressure‐based low‐speed CFD solver called STREAM in detail, including its validation against several 2D/3D benchmark test problems pertinent to urban flows. It was identified that solving the advection–diffusion equation of concentration for the prediction of dispersion of CBR agents is computationally very efficient, provided that the input data of turbulence viscosity and flow fields can be supplied in a timely fashion. Since most pressure‐based solvers adopt the segregated SIMPLE algorithm, and the coupling among different (linearized) equations is established via outer iterations on a single grid, its convergence rate is generally poor, particularly for turbulent flows in urban environments involving massive flow separation. The proposed approach and main contribution here is to adopt CMG to solve turbulent flows over urban‐like obstacles efficiently in 2D and particularly 3D, in which the standard Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model in conjunction with wall functions is employed. The results presented in this paper demonstrate a speedup ratio based on work unit (WU) for 3D laminar cavity flows of roughly 100, and 25 for 3D turbulent urban flow, depending on grid sizes.
Work‐role overload, work–life conflict, and perceived career plateau: The moderating role of emotional stability
Authors: Huo Meng‐Long , Jiang Zhou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs perceived career plateau is a prevalent but undesirable state which is harmful to employees and organizations, human resource management (HRM) research has devoted efforts to exploring ways of managing it. However, to date, research has largely been limited to variables that reduce perceived career plateau. There is a need to understand what factors increase these perceptions and how/when they do so, to advance theoretical and practical perspectives. This study contributes to the career plateau literature by investigating how and under what conditions work‐role overload can increase employees' perceived career plateau (hierarchical and job content plateaus). Based on a three‐wave survey of employees from the service sector of China, we found that work‐role overload interacted with employees' trait emotional stability and affected their work–life conflict, which had downstream implications on the two types of perceived career plateaus. Specifically, work‐role overload related positively to work–life conflict only when employees had a high (versus low) level of emotional stability. Also, work–life conflict mediated the effects of work‐role overload on perceived hierarchical and job content plateaus for employees with high, but not for those with low, emotional stability. These findings provide new insights into how, by taking into account stressful work contexts and individual differences, HRM professionals may intervene to prevent employees from perceiving career plateau.