bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell resolution functional networks during sleep are segregated into spatially intermixed modules
Authors: Kiyooka Daiki , Oomoto Ikumi , Kitazono Jun , Kobayashi Midori , Matsubara Chie , Kobayashi Kenta , Murayama Masanori , Oizumi Masafumi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe neural mechanisms responsible for the reduction of consciousness during sleep remain elusive. Previous studies investigating macro/mesoscale neural data have suggested that functional networks are segregated into spatially localized modules, and that these modules are more segregated during sleep than during wakefulness. However, large-scale single-cell resolution functional networks remain largely unexplored. Here, we simultaneously recorded the activities of up to 10,000 cortical neurons from multiple brain regions in mice during wakefulness and sleep using a fast, single-cell resolution, and wide-field-of-view two-photon calcium imaging technique. We examined how networks were integrated or segregated between brain states in terms of modularity and spatial distribution in the cortex. We found that modularity during non-rapid eye movement sleep was higher than that during wakefulness, indicating a more segregated network. However, these modules were not spatially localized but rather intermixed across regions in both states. Our results provide novel insights into differences in the cellular-scale organization of functional networks during altered states of consciousness.
Management of very severe tungiasis cases through repeated community-based treatment with a dimeticone oil formula: a longitudinal study in a hyperendemic region in Uganda
Authors: McNeilly Hannah , Mutebi Francis , Thielecke Marlene , Reichert Felix , Banalyaki Mike B. , Arono Rebecca , Mukone George , Feldmeier Hermann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTungiasis (sand flea disease) is a neglected tropical disease that is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Tungiasis causes pain, mobility restrictions, stigmatisation, and reduced life quality. Very severe cases with hundreds of sand fleas have been described, but treatment of such cases has never been studied systematically.During a larger community-based tungiasis control programme in a hyperendemic region in Karamoja, northeastern Uganda, 96 very severe tungiasis cases were identified and treated with the dimeticone formula NYDA®. They were repeatedly followed-up and treated again when necessary. The present study traces tungiasis frequency, intensity, and morbidity among these 96 individuals over two years.At baseline, very severe tungiasis occurred in all age groups, including young children. Throughout the intervention, tungiasis frequency decreased from 100% to 25.8% in this group. The overall number of embedded sand fleas in this group dropped from 15,648 to 158, and the median number of embedded sand fleas among the tungiasis cases decreased from 141 to 4. Walking difficulties were reported in 96.9% at the beginning and in 4.5% at the end of the intervention.Repeated treatment with the dimeticone formula over two years was a successful strategy to manage very severe cases in a hyperendemic community. Treatment of very severe cases is essential to control the spread and burden of tungiasis in endemic communities.
Enteral Vs Oral Nutrition in non-interrupted compliance with chemoradiotherapy in subjects with esophageal cancer
Authors: Chacón Corena Ayder , Chacón Chacón Hernando , Vargas Moranth Rusvelt , Sierra Maury Grey 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal cancer (EC) generates malnutrition, added to the adverse effects of chemoradiotherapy. It is important to avoid intratreatment interruptions to improve survival. The objective is to evaluate the effect of Enteral Nutrition (EN) Vs Oral Nutrition (ON) in compliance without interruptions of chemoradiotherapy in adults with esophageal cancer, in two centers of La Plata Argentina, during 2014-2019.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. 76 subjects participated, 34 with EN and 46 with ON. Independent variable: type of nutrition, dependent variable: compliance with chemoradiotherapy; potentially confusing variables: sex, age, comorbidities, risk factors, and cancer stages. The percentages of qualitative variables were compared through Chi2 and the T test for the quantitative ones. The RR (95% CI) was calculated by comparing the interruptions in both groups. A crude and adjusted RR analysis was performed, stratifying by sex and clinical variables.Results34 subjects had EN and 42 ON; mean age: 65.9 (SD +/-: 10.5) and 68.4 (SD +/-: 9.9) respectively. In both groups, most participants with interruptions were men, in advanced stages, with radical treatment and a diagnosis of carcinoma. In the EN group, 44.12% had interruptions, compared to 14.3% of ON (p <0.05). The group with EN interrupted a mean of 9.9 days (SD +/-: 5.9) and ON: 8.3 (SD +/-: 9.2) (p> 0.05).ConclusionThe group with EN presented more interruptions, therefore it is not recommended for use prophylactically, only if necessary.
Clinical Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Tests: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Germic Nina , Hayer Johannes , Feng Qian 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe conducted a meta-analysis of RAT diagnostic accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 infections, and further evaluated test sensitivity versus the presence of symptoms, days post symptom onset (DPSO), sample viral load, and sample type (i.e. direct swabs versus specimens stored in transport media).MethodsThree databases were searched systematically for performance evaluations of the Roche-distributed SDB SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test (Roche/SDB RAT) through March 2022. If the Roche/SDB RAT was compared with any of 9 commonly available antigen tests, data from these tests were also included.ResultsOverall sensitivity of RATs among different manufacturers and study cohorts varied between 36.0% (95% CI: 24.0-50.1) and 79.4% (95% CI: 64.8-89.0). Roche/SDB RATs demonstrated a competitive performance with a pooled (including off-label use) sensitivity of 70.0%, and nearly 100% specificity in included studies. The Roche/SDB RATs exhibited reliable sensitivity in patients with a relatively high viral load (96.6% [95% CI: 95.2-98.2] for Ct≤25). Roche/SDB RATs were more sensitive in symptomatic patients within the first 7 DPSO (85.5% [95% CI: 81.2-88.4]), and when used to test direct swabs (74.4% [95% CI: 69.7-80.3]).ConclusionRATs show reliable performance in clinical settings and should be considered when rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical.HIGHLIGHTSMeta-analysis of 86 studies of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test (RAT) performanceRAT performance supports near-patient testing for early COVID-19 diagnosisRAT specificity is high and sensitivity is reliable in those with high viral loadRAT sensitivity in symptomatic patients is higher than in asymptomatic individualsRAT sensitivity is higher for direct swabs compared to swabs in transport media
Vaccination coverage and adverse events following a reactive vaccination campaign against hepatitis E in Bentiu displaced persons camp, South Sudan
Authors: Nesbitt Robin , Asilaza Vincent Kinya , Gignoux Etienne , Koyuncu Aybüke , Gitahi Priscillah , Nkemenang Patrick , Duncker Jetske , Antier Zelie , Haile Melat , Gakima Primitive , Wamala Joseph , Loro Frederick Beden , Biem Duol , Rull Monica , Azman Andrew S. , Rumunu John , Ciglenecki Iza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionHepatitis E (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2 are a common cause of jaundice and acute viral hepatitis that can cause large-scale outbreaks. HEV infection is associated with adverse fetal outcomes and case fatality risks up to 26% among pregnant women. An efficacious three-dose recombinant vaccine (Hecolin®) has been licensed in China since 2011 but until 2022, had not been used for outbreak response despite a 2015 WHO recommendation. The first ever mass vaccination campaign against hepatitis E in response to an outbreak was implemented in 2022 in Bentiu internally displaced persons camp in South Sudan targeting 27,000 residents 16-40 years old, including pregnant women.MethodsWe conducted a vaccination coverage survey using simple random sampling from a sampling frame of all camp shelters following the third round of vaccination. For survey participants vaccinated in the third round in October, we asked about the onset of symptoms experienced within 72 hours of vaccination. During each of the three vaccination rounds, passive surveillance of adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) was put in place at vaccination sites and health facilities in Bentiu IDP camp.ResultsWe surveyed 1,599 individuals and found that self-reported coverage with one or more dose was 86% (95% CI 84-88%), 73% (95% CI 70-75%) with two or more doses and 58% (95% CI 55-61%) with three doses. Vaccination coverage did not differ significantly by sex or age group. We found no significant difference in coverage of at least one dose between pregnant and non-pregnant women, although coverage of at least two and three doses was 8 and 14 percentage points lower in pregnant women. The most common reasons for non-vaccination were temporary absence or unavailability, reported by 60% of unvaccinated people. Passive AEFI surveillance captured few mild AEFI, and through the survey we found that 91 (7.6%) of the 1,195 individuals reporting to have been vaccinated in October 2022 reported new symptoms starting within 72 hours after vaccination, most commonly fever, headache or fatigue.ConclusionsWe found a high coverage of at least one dose of the Hecolin vaccine following three rounds of vaccination, and no severe AEFI. The vaccine was well accepted and well tolerated in the Bentiu IDP camp community and should be considered for use in future outbreak response.
Association Patterns of Antisocial Personality Disorder across Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Low Aislinn , Stiltner Brendan , Nunez Yaira Z. , Adhikari Keyrun , Deak Joseph D. , Pietrzak Robert H. , Kranzler Henry R. , Gelernter Joel , Polimanti Renato 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a high prevalence of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in individuals affected by substance use disorders (SUD). However, there is limited information on the specific patterns of association of ASPD with SUD severity and specific SUD diagnostic criteria. We investigated the association of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, opioid, and tobacco use disorders (AUD, CanUD, CocUD, OUD, and TUD, respectively) in 1,660 individuals with ASPD and 6,640 controls matched by sex (24% female), age, and racial/ethnic background in a sample ascertained for addiction-related traits. Generalized linear regressions were used to test the association of ASPD with the five DSM-5 SUD diagnoses, their severity (i.e., mild, moderate, severe), and their individual diagnostic criteria. We found that ASPD is associated with the diagnosis and severity of AUD (Odds Ratio, ORs=1.89 and 1.25), CanUD (ORs=2.13 and 1.32), and TUD (ORs=1.50 and 1.21) (ps<.003). Of the specific diagnostic criteria, the “hazardous use” criterion showed the strongest association with ASPD across the five SUDs investigated (from ORTUD=1.88 to ORCanUD=1.37). However, when criteria of different SUDs were included in the same model, ASPD was independently associated only with TUD “hazardous use” and CocUD “attempts to quit”. Attempting to quit cocaine was inversely related to the presence of ASPD and remained significant (OR=0.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.36-0.89) after controlling for interactive effects with sex. The current work provides novel insights into how different SUDs, their severity, and their diagnostic criteria associate with ASPD, potentially furthering our understanding of the impact of polysubstance addiction on mental health.
Different populations of midbrain neurons control the production of distinct acoustic categories of vocalization
Authors: Ziobro Patryk , Woo Yena , He Zichen , Tschida Katherine 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAnimals produce different acoustic types of vocalizations in different behavioral contexts. The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is obligatory for vocal production (Jürgens, 1994, 2002, 2009), but how midbrain circuits are organized to control the production of different vocalization types remains unknown. To test whether a single population of midbrain neurons regulates the production of different vocalization types, we applied intersectional methods to selectively ablate a population of midbrain neurons required for the production of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in mice. We find that although ablation of these PAG-USV neurons blocks USV production in both males and females, these neurons are not required for the production of squeaks. Our findings provide strong evidence that distinct populations of midbrain neurons control the production of different acoustic categories of vocalizations.
Genomic consequences of isolation and inbreeding in an island dingo population
Authors: Leon-Apodaca Ana V. , Kumar Manoharan , del Castillo Andres , Conroy Gabriel C. , Lamont Robert W , Ogbourne Steven , Cairns Kylie M. , Borburgh Liz , Behrendorff Linda , Subramanian Sankar , Szpiech Zachary A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTDingoes come from an ancient canid lineage that originated in East Asia around 8000-11,000 years BP. As Australia’s largest terrestrial predator, dingoes play an important ecological role. A small, protected population exists on a world heritage listed offshore island, K’gari (formerly Fraser Island). Concern regarding the persistence of dingoes on K’gari has risen due to their low genetic diversity and elevated inbreeding levels. However, whole-genome sequencing data is lacking from this population. Here, we include five new whole-genome sequences of K’gari dingoes. We analyze a total of 18 whole genome sequences of dingoes sampled from mainland Australia and K’gari to assess the genomic consequences of their demographic histories. Long (>1 Mb) runs of homozygosity (ROH) — indicators of inbreeding — are elevated in all sampled dingoes. However, K’gari dingoes showed significantly higher levels of very long ROH (>5 Mb), providing genomic evidence for small population size, isolation, inbreeding, and a strong founder effect. Our results suggest that, despite current levels of inbreeding, the K’gari population is purging strongly deleterious mutations, which, in the absence of further reductions in population size, may facilitate the persistence of small populations despite low genetic diversity and isolation. However, there may be little to no purging of mildly deleterious alleles, which may have important long-term consequences, and should be considered by conservation and management programs.SIGNIFICANCEA long-standing question in conservation genetics is whether long-term isolation and elevated levels of inbreeding always leads to inevitable population extinction. Here we conduct the first-ever whole-genome analysis of a population of dingoes living in long-term isolation on an island off the coast of Australia (K’gari). We show that these animals are beset by very low genetic diversity, likely the result of extensive inbreeding, and an elevated number of deleterious homozygotes. However, our results suggest that these dingoes are likely purging highly deleterious alleles, which may have allowed them to persist long term despite their extremely small population (<200 individuals).
State dependent constraints on claustrocortical communication and function
Authors: Marriott Brian A. , Do Alison D. , Portet Coline , Thellier Flora , Goutagny Romain , Jackson Jesse 
Published: September 2023

SummaryNeural activity in the claustrum has been associated with a range of vigilance states, yet the activity patterns and efficacy of synaptic communication of identified claustrum neurons have not been thoroughly determined. Here we show that claustrum neurons projecting to the retrosplenial cortex were most active during synchronized cortical states such as non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and were suppressed during increased cortical desynchronization in arousal, movement, and REM sleep. The efficacy of claustrocortical signaling was also increased during NREM and diminished during movement due in part to increased cholinergic tone. Finally, claustrum activation during NREM sleep enhanced memory consolidation through the phase-resetting of cortical delta waves. Therefore, claustrocortical communication is constrained to function most effectively during cognitive processes associated with synchronized cortical states, such as memory consolidation.Key PointsClaustrum neurons are suppressed/activated during desynchronized/synchronized cortical statesClaustrocortical connectivity is increased in non-REM and suppressed during movementClaustrocortical communication is heightened during low cholinergic toneClaustrum – modulated cortical delta waves enhance the consolidation of a labile memory
Myosin1G promotes Nodal signaling to control Zebrafish Left-Right asymmetry
Authors: Kurup Akshai Janardhana , Bailet Florian , Fürthauer Maximilian 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTMyosin1D (Myo1D) has recently emerged as a conserved regulator of animal LR asymmetry that governs the morphogenesis of the central LR Organizer (LRO). In addition to Myo1D, the zebrafish genome encodes the closely related Myo1G. While Myo1G also controls LR asymmetry, we show that it does so through an entirely different mechanism. Myo1G promotes the Nodal-mediated transfer of laterality information from the LRO to target tissues. At the cellular level, Myo1G is associated with endosomes positive for the TGFβ signaling adapter SARA.myo1gmutants have fewer SARA-positive Activin receptor endosomes and a reduced responsiveness to Nodal ligands that results in a delay of left-sided Nodal propagation and tissue-specific laterality defects in organs that are most distant from the LRO. Beyond LR asymmetry, Myo1G promotes signaling by different Nodal ligands in other biological contexts. Our findings therefore identify Myo1G as a novel positive regulator of the Nodal signaling pathway.
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala Projections to Ventromedial Striatum Encode Active Avoidance Behavior
Authors: Bullock Teagan E. , Gunaydin Lisa A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractActive avoidance is a fundamental defensive behavior, defined as performing a voluntary action to escape a noxious stimulus. Active avoidance serves as an adaptive response to threat, ensuring safety. In individuals with anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, avoidance behavior can become maladaptive when even safe situations are avoided, at great psychosocial cost. Corticostriatal and amygdalostriatal pathways have been implicated in active avoidance, though their role in learning and expression of this behavior is not fully understood. Projections from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to the ventromedial striatum (VMS) have been shown to regulate a variety of defensive behaviors; however, their role in active avoidance has not previously been examined. Additionally, basolateral amygdala (BLA) projections to the VMS have been shown to promote active avoidance in studies utilizing pharmacological inactivation and optogenetic inhibition, though in vivo real time neural activity in this pathway has not been recorded during active avoidance learning. Here we utilized fiber photometry for in vivo recordings of neural activity in vmPFC-VMS and BLA-VMS projections during active avoidance learning and expression. We implemented a two-way signaled active avoidance paradigm in which a light cue served as the conditioned stimulus (CS) signaling an impending foot shock. We examined changes in neural activity in these two projections during CS presentation, onset of active avoidance, and conditioned freezing. We found that vmPFC-VMS projections develop learning-related increases in activity at CS onset across training, while BLA-VMS projections do not show learning-related encoding of the CS. Additionally, we found that both vmPFC-VMS and BLA-VMS projections develop an increase in activity at avoidance onset. No changes in neural activity were observed during cued freezing in either vmPFC-VMS or BLA-VMS projections. Together these results indicate that vmPFC-VMS projections encode both CS and avoidance, while BLA-VMS projections may simply encode avoidance. Finally, we utilized optogenetic inhibition of vmPFC-VMS projections during the CS to investigate the necessity of this pathway for expression of active avoidance behavior. We found that inhibition of vmPFC-VMS projections attenuates learned active avoidance behavior, indicating that activity in this pathway is required for proper active avoidance. In summary, our results demonstrate task-relevant encoding of active avoidance behavior in vmPFC-VMS and BLA-VMS projections.
Strategic sensemaking by social entrepreneurs: creating strategies for social innovation
Authors: Price Michael , Wong Nicholas , Harvey Charles , Maclean Mairi 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis study explores how a small minority of social entrepreneurs break free from third sector constraints to conceive, create and grow non-profit organisations that generate social value at scale in new and innovative ways.Design/methodology/approachSix narrative case histories of innovative social enterprises were developed based on documents and semi-structured interviews with founders and long serving executives. Data were coded “chrono-processually”, which involves locating thoughts, events and actions in distinct time periods (temporal bracketing) and identifying the processes at work in establishing new social ventures.FindingsThis study presents two core findings. First, the paper demonstrates how successful social entrepreneurs draw on their lived experiences, private and professional, in driving the development and implementation of social innovations, which are realised through application of their capabilities as analysts, strategists and resources mobilisers. These capabilities are bolstered by personal legitimacy and by their abilities as storytellers and rhetoricians. Second, the study unravels the complex processes of social entrepreneurship by revealing how sensemaking, theorising, strategizing and sensegiving underpin the core processes of problem specification, the formulation of theories of change, development of new business models and the implementation of social innovations.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates how social entrepreneurs use sensemaking and sensegiving strategies to understand and address complex social problems, revealing how successful social entrepreneurs devise and disseminate social innovations that substantially add value to society and bring about beneficial social change. A novel process-outcome model of social innovation is presented illustrating the interconnections between entrepreneurial cognition and strategic action.