bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Assists Bit Selection and Optimization
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2023

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 21299, “Drilling in the Digital Age: Machine-Learning-Assisted Bit Selection and Optimization,” by Peter Batruny, SPE, Hafiz Zubir, and Pete Slagel, SPE, Petronas, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2021 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

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The project outlined in the complete paper describes machine learning as a powerful tool for bit selection and parameter optimization to improve drilling performance. Machine learning will become a significant part of well planning, design, and operations in the future. The study demonstrates how artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be used to learn from previous operations and influence planning decisions to improve bit performance.

Introduction
Multiple wells have been drilled in an onshore field in Iraq using different bit designs and with a variety of downhole conditions. To improve the rate of penetration (ROP) in a significant manner, a radical shift in how drill bits are selected, as well as a closer look at bit characteristics, is needed. This work aims to combine analytical and physical models to examine aspects of bit designs previously overlooked.
Two mathematical models traditionally have been used for bit selection, the cost per foot (CPF) model and the mechanical specific energy (MSE) model. This work concludes that MSE is more effective than CPF in optimizing ROP and is a valid benchmark for comparing bits. MSE can be used to compare previous bit runs but is limited in predicting ROP for future bit runs.

Equipment and Processes
Data governance consists of data collection, processing, cleaning, and compilation. Data are collected from American Standard Code for Information Interchange logs in real time and then are processed by removing missing values. The data sets are split by individual bits, with each bit characterized by data compiled from multiple wells in which the bit was run. Throughout this paper, ROP will refer to instantaneous on-bottom ROP. Given the success that ANNs have had, and continue to have, in predicting ROP in the literature, they are used for this work.
Once a model is established based on statistical and physical performance, it is used as a base model to run optimization analysis for each bit. This paper examines two methods of optimization, the first being sensitivity analysis based on average ROP. The second optimization method used in this study is a Monte Carlo-style optimization.
Once optimal parameters are generated from the sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo models, they are plotted against the modeled values of offset ROP. This acts as a further verification of the optimal parameters to ensure they are within range of actual historical parameters. The optimal values are then implemented in future wells.
A type-1 immunity-restricted promoter of the IL-33 receptor gene directs antiviral T cell responses
Authors: Löhning Max , Brunner Tobias , Serve Sebastian , Marx Anna-Friederike , Dzamukova Maria , Duran Nayar , Saikali Philippe , Kommer Christoph , Heinrich Frederik , Durek Pawel , Heinz Gitta , Höfer Thomas , Mashreghi Mir-Farzin , Kuehn Ralf , Pinschewer Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The pleiotropic alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) drives type-1, type-2, and regulatory T-cell responses via its receptor ST2. Subset-specific differences in ST2 expression intensity and dynamics suggest that transcriptional regulation is key in orchestrating the context-dependent activity of IL-33-ST2 signaling in T-cell immunity. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized alternative promoter in mice and humans that is located far upstream of the curated ST2-coding gene and drives ST2 expression in type-1 immunity. Mice lacking this promoter exhibit a selective loss of ST2 expression in type-1- but not type-2-biased immune cells, resulting in impaired expansion of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and T-helper-1 cells upon viral infection. T-cell-intrinsic IL-33 signaling via type-1 promoter-driven ST2 is critical to generate a clonally diverse population of antiviral short-lived effector CTLs. Thus, lineage-specific alternative promoter usage directs alarmin responsiveness in T-cell subsets and offers opportunities for immune cell-specific targeting of the IL-33-ST2 axis in infections and inflammatory diseases.
Using artificial neural networks for estimating the compressive strength of andesite-substituted cement-based composites
Authors: Özkan Şükrü , Ceylan Hakan , Sivri Mustafa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, the effect of waste andesite dust (WAD) substitution used in the production of cement-based composites on the strength values of the composite material was investigated using artificial neural networks (ANN). In the production of cement-based mixtures, WAD was substituted with cement at six different ratios as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by weight. In addition, the effect of curing times on compressive strength was investigated at two different curing times as 28-days and 90-days curing times. While the cement and WAD replacement rates constituted the main input data for the ANN, the 28 and 90-days compressive strength values constituted the output data. When the data obtained from the compressive strength estimation conducted by ANN and the experimental data obtained under laboratory conditions were compared, it was determined that the compatibility between them was good with a 99% coefficient of determination. In addition, the 5% substitution rate used in the mixtures provided higher strength values among other substitution rates.
Evaluation of a new robotic system for infant surgery – a study in piglets of less than 10kg body weight.
Authors: Krebs Thomas F. , Kayser Timo , Lorenzen Ulf , Grünewald Matthias , Kayser Marit , Saltner Anna , Durmaz Lidya-Olgu , Reese Lina Johanna , Brownlee Ewan , Reischig Katja , Baastrup Jonas , Meinzer Andreas , Kalz Almut , Becker Thomas , Bergholz Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
We were able to demonstrate the feasibility of a new robotic system (Versius, CMR Surgical, Cambridge, England) for procedures in small inanimate cavities. The aim of this consecutive study was to test the Versius® system for its feasibility, performance and safety of robotic abdominal and thoracic surgery in piglets simulating infants with a body weight lower than 10kg.
METHODS:
24 Procedures (from explorative laparoscopy to thoracoscopic esophageal repair) were performed in 4 piglets with a mean age of 12 days days and a mean body weight of 6.4 (7 - 7.5) kg. Additional urological procedures were performed after euthanasia of the piglet. The Versius® robotic system was used with 5mm wristed instruments and a 10 mm 3D 0° or 30° camera. The setup consisted of the master console and three to four separate arms. The performance of the procedure, the size, position and the distance between the ports, the external and internal collisions and complications of the procedures were recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS:
We were able to perform all surgical procedures as planned. We encountered neither surgical nor robot associated complications in the live model. Whereas all abdominal procedures could be performed successfully under general anesthesia, one piglet was euthanized early before the thoracic intervention, likely due to pulmonary inflammatory response. Technical limitations were based on the size of the camera (10 mm) being too large and the minimal insertion depth of the instruments for calibration of the pivot point.
CONCLUSIONS:
Robotic surgery on newborns and infants appears technically feasible with the Versius® system. Software adjustments for pivot point calibration need to be implemented by the manufacturer as a result of our study.
To further evaluate the Versius® system, prospective trials are needed, comparing comparing it to open and laparoscopic surgery as well as to other robotic systems.
Comparison of clinical outcomes and second-look hysteroscopy of complete and incomplete septate uterus after hysteroscopic septoplasty
Authors: Xiong Wei , Tan Xin , Liu Yana , Liu Jie , Dong Xue , Wang Zhilin , Chen Hengxi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose

Septate uterus is the most common congenital uterine malformation. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to compare the clinical outcomes and second-look hysteroscopy of patients with complete and incomplete septate uterus after septoplasty.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of patients with septate uterus who underwent hysteroscopic septoplasty and a second-look hysteroscopy at West China Second University Hospital between September 2013 to September 2021. Information on pregnancy outcomes was subsequently collected through telephone interviews. Independent samples t-test/Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson’s chi-square test/ Fisher’s exact test were used to explore the differences between the complete group and the incomplete group.

Results

A total of 64 patients were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) rates (16.7% and 32.1%), pregnancy rates (44.1% and 42.9%), term delivery rates (35.3% and 32.1%), premature delivery rates (2.9% and 0), placenta previa rates (2.9% and 3.6%), placenta implantation/adhesion rates (5.9% and 3.6%), and premature rupture of membranes rates (2.9% and 0) between the complete group and the incomplete group after hysteroscopic septoplasty (P＞0.05). Endometrial polyps in septate uterus were not rare, with an incidence of 33.3% in complete group and 25% in incomplete group (P＞0.05).

Conclusion

The pregnancy outcomes of complete septate uterus and incomplete septate uterus after hysteroscopic septoplasty were similar, and there was no statistical difference in IUAs after the surgery.
Impact of molecular symmetry on Ostwald's step rule
Authors: Cho Yong Chan , Lee Sooheyong , Wang Lei , Lee Yun-Hee , Kim Seongheun , Lee Hyun Hwi , Lee Jonghyun , Lee Geun Woo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Solute structure and its evolution in supersaturated aqueous solutions are key clues to understand Ostwald’s step rule. Here, we measure the structural evolution of solute molecules in extremely supersaturated solutions (KH2PO4 (KDP) and NH4H2PO4 (ADP)) using a combination of electrostatic levitation and synchrotron X-ray scattering. The measurement reveals the existence of a solution-solution transition in KDP solution, caused by changing molecular symmetries and structural evolution of the solution with supersaturation. Moreover, we find that the molecular symmetry of H2PO4- impacts on phase selection. These findings manifest that molecular symmetry and its structural evolution can govern the crystallization pathways in aqueous solutions, explaining the microscopic origin of Ostwald’s step rule.
Real-time controlling a single DNA in hotspot for back-and-forth programmable site-specified SERS characterizations in solution
Authors: Fu Wenhao , Dai Xin , Chiu King Wai , Mesias Vince St. , Zhu Hongni , Liu Wei , Huang Jinqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool for single-molecule studies. However, it is challenging to characterize biomacromolecules with conformational complexity in solutions, concerning its credibility, sensitivity, repeatability, and accuracy, due to the limited molecular control of existing single-molecule SERS platforms. Here, we integrate dual-trap optical tweezers and nanoparticle-deposited nanostages with a typical Raman spectro-microscope to correlate single-molecule manipulations and molecular site-specified SERS characterizations. A single drug-bound DNA is stretched at sub-nanometer precision, while its specified site is placed into an inter-particle hotspot under spatial and temporal control. It allows back-and-forth translocations of the single drug-bound DNA through hotspot in a programmable manner, generating the real-time SERS readouts correlative to the specified DNA sites for re-examining the same single molecule multiple times. Hence, it utilizes the extra molecular controllability to minimize errors in direct single-molecule spatial SERS characterizations of biomacromolecules in solutions, providing implications for molecular interactions, encryption, and sequencing.
Genomic landscape of drug binding and pharmacogenetic variation across diverse populations using SNPdrug3D
Authors: Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Malik Ashar , Kenanov Dimitar , Chong Cheng-Shoong , Ozturk Mert Burak , Hebrard Maxime , Ho Ying Swan , Wang Zhenxun , Limviphuvadh Vachiranee , Miyajima Jhoann , Magallanes Roberto , Sim Xueling , Chai Jin Fang , Davila Sonia , Yeo Khung Keong , Leong Khai Pang , Goh Liuh Ling , Karnani Neerja , Eriksson Johan Gunnar , Cheng Ching-Yu , Wong Tien , Loh Marie , Dalan Rinkoo , Khor Chiea Chuen , Chew Guo-Liang , Lim Weng Khong , Ngeow Joanne , Chambers John , Tai E Shyong , Bertin Nicolas , Tan Chris Soon Heng , Koh Judice , Tan Patrick , Verma Chandra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the promises of precision medicine is to understand and act on inter-individual genetic differences in drug responses. SNPdrug3D contains the complete genomic landscape of missense single nucleotide variants (SNV) across the human proteome and at population-wide level that could affect drug binding. In the Singapore SG10K Health and global gnomAD cohorts, comprising variations in over 80,000 individuals, we identified ~ 1.17 million variants mapped to residues near bound drug molecules in protein-drug complexes relative to ~ 6000 drug molecules and experimentally verified effects of selected SNVs, including previously uncharacterized variants, on drug binding in relevant proteins ranging from kinases to cytochrome P450s (CYPs). The latter led to a specific predictor for interpreting variants in the CYP family that vastly outperforms existing tools in the prediction of pharmacogenetic effects. By placing variants and drugs in structural context, SNPdrug3D aids drug development by early flagging of resistance potential through population-specific variability.
Antibody Bioconjugates Incorporating Bacterial formyl-Met Peptides Engage Neutrophils in Targeted Cell Killing
Authors: Linnik Matthew , Parker James , Valenzuela Francisco , Swearingen Michelle , Trivedi Purva , Feng Yiqing , Brennan Seamus , Castanares Mark , Mezo Adam , Xu Jianghuai , Chao Grace , Batt Michael , Onyia Jude , Leung Donmienne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Immune-oncology therapies targeting adaptive immunity have transformed cancer therapy. In contrast, therapies targeting the innate immune response have received less attention. Here we describe an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) capable of engaging neutrophils in targeted cell killing. These initial ADCs, which we term bactabodies, consist of a targeting antibody conjugated to formyl-Met peptides via a short polyethylene glycol linker to activate formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR-1) on neutrophils. A trastuzumab (Tmab) bactabody stimulated human neutrophil migration, degranulation and reactive oxygen production. Her2+ tumor cells opsonized with Tmab bactabody were rapidly killed by primary human neutrophils and antibody targeted killing was more effective than FPR-1-mediated bystander killing. In vivo, Tmab bactabody activated intratumor neutrophils and reduced tumor growth in a mouse xenotransplant model. Molecular design elements required for translation to humans and mice are described. Our results establish a modular strategy for engineering novel ADCs to engage neutrophils in targeted cell killing.
Effect of Moderate Sedation Versus Deep Sedation on Recovery Following Outpatient Gastroscopy in Older Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Bing , Lu Lin , Zhai Jie , Hua Zhen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

Although gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation is being increasingly performed in older patients, the appropriate level of sedation remains unclear. This study compared the effect of moderate sedation (MS) and deep sedation (DS) on recovery following outpatient gastroscopy in older patients.

Methods

In this randomized, partly blinded, controlled trial, 270 patients older than 60 years scheduled for elective outpatient gastroscopy were randomly divided into MS or DS group according to Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S). The primary outcome was the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time. Secondary outcomes include total hospital stay time, the incidence of retching, bucking, and body movements during the examination, the endoscopist and patient satisfaction, and sedation-associated adverse events during procedure.

Results

A total of 264 patients completed the study, of whom 131 received MS, and 133 received DS. MS was associated with a shorter PACU stay time [15.83 ± 8.69 min vs. 19.28 ± 9.70 min, P༜0.001] and total hospital stay time[30.37 ± 8.99 min vs. 34.02 ± 12.16min, P༜0.001], lesser hypoxemia [2.3% (3/131) vs. 12.8% (17/133), P = 0.014], use of fewer vasoactive drugs (P༜0.001) and more retching (P༜0.001). There was no difference in the incidence of bucking and body movements and endoscopist and patient satisfaction between two groups.

Conclusion

MS may be a better option for older patients undergoing outpatient gastroscopies, as demonstrated by shorter PACU stay time and total hospital stay time, lower sedation-associated adverse events, equal endoscopist and patient satisfaction.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial registration number ChiCTR2100049180. Registered 24/07/2021.
Optimizing Predator-Prey Relation of Atlantic Bonito and Anchovy, and their Sustainable Fishery in the Black Sea
Authors: DEMIR Mahir 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There is no consistent harvesting strategy for the fisheries of the Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) and the Black Sea anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) on the southern part of the Black Sea. To address this problem, the predator-prey relation of the Atlantic bonito and the Black Sea anchovy is optimized and stabilized as both species are facing harvesting on the southern part of the Black Sea. A fishery model was built and a stability analysis was applied to the fishery model to obtain stable predator-prey dynamics. After that, it was coupled with Optimal Control Theory (OCT) to optimize the stable predator-prey dynamics of these species, and to obtain an optimal and sustainable landing. This study not only provides optimal and stable predator-prey dynamics for these species but also provides more landings and profits for the commercial fishery of these species as compared with the predicted current harvesting strategy obtained in this study. It also provides optimal and sustainable yields to be considered as fishing quotes for these fisheries.
MSC Classification: 92B05 , 92B99 , 34H15 , 93D99
Network Consensus Analysis and Optimization of Distributed FANETs Based on Multi-agent Consensus Theory
Authors: Tong Xin , Li Xu , Ding FuZhuang , Liu Ying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Distributed flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) have been widely used in collaborative reconnaissance, situation construction, and other scenarios. In distributed FANETs with multi-hop and intermittent links, nodes only maintain neighbors' information and cannot obtain knowledge of the whole network. There may be contradicting information collected across nodes, resulting in inconsistency problems. However, existing research on collaborative consensus focuses mainly on the control domain using multi-agent consensus theory. The study on distributed network consensus does not consider the effect of the multi-hop forwarding sequence, hence limiting distributed FANETs optimization. Based on this, we establish a network consensus model utilizing the multi-agent consensus theory and analyze the impact of outage probability of links and untimely forwarding on the distributed consensus probability, considering the node density, link outage probability, and network maintenance times. Besides, using the election mechanism as an example, we establish distributed network performance analysis models considering consensus error to enhance the performance analysis of service delay and resource efficiency of distributed FANETs. Finally, we construct a protocol-level simulation platform based on Visual Studio and extensive experiments to validate the model’s accuracy and figure out the optimal mechanism parameters under different network and channel parameters. The simulation results show that the optimal network maintenance times increase with the increasing outage probability of links. Moreover, distributed FANETs can achieve optimal resource efficiency without achieving complete consensus; that is, there is a tradeoff between network maintenance cost and network consensus performance.
Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplankton in ice-covered Lake Baikal
Authors: Toda Kei , Obolkin Vladimir , Ohira Shin-Ichi , Saeki Kentaro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Phytoplankton dinoflagellate forms colonies between vertical ice crystals during the ice-melting season in Lake Baikal: how the plankton survive the freezing conditions was previously not known. Here we show that the phytoplankton produces large amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) known as a marine compound. Lake-water DMSP concentrations in the spring season are comparable with those in the oceans, and colony water in ice exhibits extremely high concentrations. DMSP concentration correlates with plankton density and reaches maximum in mid-April with exhibiting temperature-dependent fluctuations. DMSP is released from plankton cells into water in warm days. DMSP is a characteristic osmolyte of marine algae; our results demonstrate that the freshwater plankton has the DMSP-producing ability, and efficiently uses the limited sulfur resource (only 1/500 of sea sulfate) to survive in freshwater ice. Plankton in Lake Baikal do not need an osmolyte, and our results indicate that DMSP plays a purely cryoprotective role.
Improvement of oxidation stability and cold flow properties of biodiesel using mixed oil strategy
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Singhal Mukesh Kumar , Sharma Mahendra P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Biodiesel's major limitations are its low-temperature performance and oxidation stability. This study analyses how different oil mixes affect biodiesel oxidation stability and cold flow. For this investigation, Jatropha, Karanja, and Palm oils were selected based on their chemical composition and availability, and their mixtures were formed. A simplex lattice mixture design model for biodiesel properties was designed, and optimisation was carried out to achieve a set of objectives. The optimal mixed-oil ratio for Jatropha, Karanja, and Palm oil was found 8:57:35(% v/v), with the desirability of 0.32, and the response values were observed to be compatible with biodiesel standards. Optimal oils mix biodiesel oxidation stability was 8.5 h, better than Jatropha (5.2 h) and Karanja (7.5 h). Similarly, blended oil's biodiesel cloud point improves by 57% compared to Palm biodiesel. oil-mixing technique balances saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and improves the oxidation stability and cold flow properties without chemical treatment.