bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining mini-halos with MeerKAT I. Calibration and imaging
Authors: Trehaeven K S , Parekh V , Oozeer N , Hugo B , Smirnov O , Bernardi G , Knowles K , Tasse C , Asad K M B , Giacintucci S 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Radio mini-halos are clouds of diffuse, low-surface brightness synchrotron emission that surround the Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG) in massive cool-core galaxy clusters. In this paper, we use third generation calibration (3GC), also called direction-dependent (DD) calibration, and point source subtraction on MeerKAT extragalactic continuum data. We calibrate and image archival MeerKAT L-band observations of a sample of five galaxy clusters (ACO 1413, ACO 1795, ACO 3444, MACS J1115.8+0129, MACS J2140.2-2339). We use the CARACal pipeline for direction-independent (DI) calibration, DDFacet and killMS for 3GC, followed by visibility-plane point source subtraction to image the underlying mini-halo without bias from any embedded sources. Our 3GC process shows a drastic improvement in artefact removal, to the extent that the local noise around severely affected sources was halved and ultimately resulted in a 7 per cent improvement in global image noise. Thereafter, using these spectrally deconvolved Stokes I continuum images, we directly measure for four mini-halos the flux density, radio power, size, and in-band integrated spectra. Further to that, we show the in-band spectral index maps of the mini-halo (with point sources). We present a new mini-halo detection hosted by MACS J2140.2-2339, having flux density $S_{\rm 1.28\, GHz} = 2.61 \pm 0.31$ mJy, average diameter 296 kpc, and $\alpha ^{\rm 1.5\, GHz}_{\rm 1\, GHz} = 1.21 \pm 0.36$. We also found a ∼100 kpc southern extension to the ACO 3444 mini-halo which was not detected in previous VLA L-band observations. Our description of MeerKAT wide-field, wide-band data reduction will be instructive for conducting further mini-halo science.
Genomic Underpinnings of Population Persistence in Isle Royale Moose
Authors: Kyriazis Christopher C , Beichman Annabel C , Brzeski Kristin E , Hoy Sarah R , Peterson Rolf O , Vucetich John A , Vucetich Leah M , Lohmueller Kirk E , Wayne Robert K 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIsland ecosystems provide natural laboratories to assess the impacts of isolation on population persistence. However, most studies of persistence have focused on a single species, without comparisons to other organisms they interact with in the ecosystem. The case study of moose and gray wolves on Isle Royale allows for a direct contrast of genetic variation in isolated populations that have experienced dramatically differing population trajectories over the past decade. Whereas the Isle Royale wolf population recently declined nearly to extinction due to severe inbreeding depression, the moose population has thrived and continues to persist, despite having low genetic diversity and being isolated for ∼120 years. Here, we examine the patterns of genomic variation underlying the continued persistence of the Isle Royale moose population. We document high levels of inbreeding in the population, roughly as high as the wolf population at the time of its decline. However, inbreeding in the moose population manifests in the form of intermediate-length runs of homozygosity suggestive of historical inbreeding and purging, contrasting with the long runs of homozygosity observed in the smaller wolf population. Using simulations, we confirm that substantial purging has likely occurred in the moose population. However, we also document notable increases in genetic load, which could eventually threaten population viability over the long term. Overall, our results demonstrate a complex relationship between inbreeding, genetic diversity, and population viability that highlights the use of genomic datasets and computational simulation tools for understanding the factors enabling persistence in isolated populations.
P-TEFb promotes cell survival upon p53 activation by suppressing intrinsic apoptosis pathway
Authors: Wang Zhijia , Mačáková Monika , Bugai Andrii , Kuznetsov Sergey G , Hassinen Antti , Lenasi Tina , Potdar Swapnil , Friedel Caroline C , Barborič Matjaž 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPositive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is the crucial player in RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pause release that has emerged as a promising target in cancer. Because single-agent therapy may fail to deliver durable clinical response, targeting of P-TEFb shall benefit when deployed as a combination therapy. We screened a comprehensive oncology library and identified clinically relevant antimetabolites and Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitors as top compounds eliciting p53-dependent death of colorectal cancer cells in synergy with selective inhibitors of P-TEFb. While the targeting of P-TEFb augments apoptosis by anti-metabolite 5-fluorouracil, it switches the fate of cancer cells by the non-genotoxic MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a from cell-cycle arrest to apoptosis. Mechanistically, the fate switching is enabled by the induction of p53-dependent pro-apoptotic genes and repression of P-TEFb-dependent pro-survival genes of the PI3K-AKT signaling cascade, which stimulates caspase 9 and intrinsic apoptosis pathway in BAX/BAK-dependent manner. Finally, combination treatments trigger apoptosis of cancer cell spheroids. Together, co-targeting of P-TEFb and suppressors of intrinsic apoptosis could become a viable strategy to eliminate cancer cells.
Simultaneous inhibition of endocytic recycling and lysosomal fusion sensitizes cells and tissues to oligonucleotide therapeutics
Authors: Finicle Brendan T , Eckenstein Kazumi H , Revenko Alexey S , Anderson Brooke A , Wan W Brad , McCracken Alison N , Gil Daniel , Fruman David A , Hanessian Stephen , Seth Punit P , Edinger Aimee L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Inefficient endosomal escape remains the primary barrier to the broad application of oligonucleotide therapeutics. Liver uptake after systemic administration is sufficiently robust that a therapeutic effect can be achieved but targeting extrahepatic tissues remains challenging. Prior attempts to improve oligonucleotide activity using small molecules that increase the leakiness of endosomes have failed due to unacceptable toxicity. Here, we show that the well-tolerated and orally bioavailable synthetic sphingolipid analog, SH-BC-893, increases the activity of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) up to 200-fold in vitro without permeabilizing endosomes. SH-BC-893 treatment trapped endocytosed oligonucleotides within extra-lysosomal compartments thought to be more permeable due to frequent membrane fission and fusion events. Simultaneous disruption of ARF6-dependent endocytic recycling and PIKfyve-dependent lysosomal fusion was necessary and sufficient for SH-BC-893 to increase non-lysosomal oligonucleotide levels and enhance their activity. In mice, oral administration of SH-BC-893 increased ASO potency in the liver by 15-fold without toxicity. More importantly, SH-BC-893 enabled target RNA knockdown in the CNS and lungs of mice treated subcutaneously with cholesterol-functionalized duplexed oligonucleotides or unmodified ASOs, respectively. Together, these results establish the feasibility of using a small molecule that disrupts endolysosomal trafficking to improve the activity of oligonucleotides in extrahepatic tissues.
Species-specific regulation ofXISTby theJPX/FTXorthologs
Authors: Rosspopoff Olga , Cazottes Emmanuel , Huret Christophe , Loda Agnese , Collier Amanda J , Casanova Miguel , Rugg-Gunn Peter J , Heard Edith , Ouimette Jean-François , Rougeulle Claire 
Published: February 2023

AbstractX chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an essential process, yet it initiates with remarkable diversity in various mammalian species. XIST, the main trigger of XCI, is controlled in the mouse by an interplay of lncRNA genes (LRGs), some of which evolved concomitantly to XIST and have orthologues across all placental mammals. Here, we addressed the functional conservation of human orthologues of two such LRGs, FTX and JPX. By combining analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data from early human embryogenesis with various functional assays in matched human and mouse pluripotent stem- or differentiated post-XCI cells, we demonstrate major functional differences for these orthologues between species, independently of primary sequence conservation. While the function of FTX is not conserved in humans, JPX stands as a major regulator of XIST expression in both species. However, we show that different entities of JPX control the production of XIST at various steps depending on the species. Altogether, our study highlights the functional versatility of LRGs across evolution, and reveals that functional conservation of orthologous LRGs may involve diversified mechanisms of action. These findings represent a striking example of how the evolvability of LRGs can provide adaptative flexibility to constrained gene regulatory networks.
Activatable G-quadruplex based catalases for signal transduction in biosensing
Authors: Iwaniuk Elzbieta E , Adebayo Thuwebat , Coleman Seth , Villaros Caitlin G , Nesterova Irina V 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Discovery of oxidative catalysis with G-quadruplex•hemin constructs prompted a range of exciting developments in the field of biosensor design. Thus, G-quadruplex based DNAzymes with peroxidase activity found a niche as signal transduction modules in a wide range of analytical applications. The ability of nucleic acid scaffolds to recognise a variety of practically meaningful markers and to translate the recognition events into conformational changes powers numerous sensor design possibilities. In this work, we establish a catalase activity of G-quadruplex•hemin scaffolds. Catalase activated hydrogen peroxide decomposition generates molecular oxygen that forms bubbles. Observation of bubbles is a truly equipment free signal readout platform that is highly desirable in limited resources or do-it-yourself environments. We take a preliminary insight into a G-quadruplex structure—folding topology—catalase activity correlation and establish efficient operating conditions. Further, we demonstrate the platform's potential as a signal transduction modality for reporting on biomolecular recognition using an oligonucleotide as a proof—of—concept target. Ultimately, activatable catalases based on G-quadruplex•hemin scaffolds promise to become valuable contributors towards accessible molecular diagnostics applications.
Nanopore sequencing for N1-methylpseudouridine in RNA reveals sequence-dependent discrimination of the modified nucleotide triphosphate during transcription
Authors: Fleming Aaron M , Burrows Cynthia J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDirect RNA sequencing with a commercial nanopore platform was used to sequence RNA containing uridine (U), pseudouridine (Ψ) or N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) in &gt;100 different 5-nucleotide contexts. The base calling data for Ψ or m1Ψ were similar but different from U allowing their detection. Understanding the nanopore signatures for Ψ and m1Ψ enabled a running start T7 RNA polymerase assay to study the selection of UTP versus ΨTP or m1ΨTP competing mixtures in all possible adjacent sequence contexts. A significant sequence context dependency was observed for T7 RNA polymerase with insertion yields for ΨTP versus UTP spanning a range of 20–65%, and m1ΨTP versus UTP producing variable yields that differ by 15–70%. Experiments with SP6 RNA polymerase, as well as chemically-modified triphosphates and DNA templates provide insight to explain the observations. The SP6 polymerase introduced m1ΨTP when competed with UTP with a smaller window of yields (15–30%) across all sequence contexts studied. These results may aid in future efforts that employ RNA polymerases to make therapeutic mRNAs with sub-stoichiometric amounts of m1Ψ.
DIS3L2 ribonuclease degrades terminal-uridylated RNA to ensure oocyte maturation and female fertility
Authors: Wu Di , Pedroza Monique , Chang Jonathan , Dean Jurrien 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During oocyte development in mice, transcripts accumulate in the growth phase and are subsequently degraded during maturation. At the transition point between growth and maturation, oocytes have an intact nucleus or germinal vesicle (GV), and terminal uridylation labels RNA for degradation in meiosis I. By profiling the transcriptome using single-oocyte long-read PacBio RNA sequencing, we document that a small cohort of mRNAs are polyadenylated after terminal uridylation in GV oocytes [designated uridylated-poly(A) RNA]. Because DIS3L2 ribonuclease is known to degrade uridylated transcripts, we established oocyte-specific Dis3l2 knockout mice (Dis3l2cKO). Upon DIS3L2 depletion, uridylated-poly(A) RNAs remain intact which increases their abundance, and they predominate in the transcriptome of Dis3l2cKO oocytes. The abundance of uridylated-poly(A) RNA in Dis3l2cKO oocytes arises not only from insufficient degradation, but also from the stabilizing effect of subsequent polyadenylation. Uridylated-poly(A) RNAs have shorter poly(A) tails and their translation activity decreases in Dis3l2cKO oocytes. Almost all Dis3l2cKO oocytes arrest at the GV stage, and female mice are infertile. Our study demonstrates multiple fates for RNA after terminal uridylation and highlights the role of DIS3L2 ribonuclease in safeguarding the transcriptome and ensuring female fertility.
Identifying the economic determinants of individual voting behaviour in UK general elections
Authors: Chrysanthou Georgios Marios , Guilló María Dolores 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We explore the economic determinants of individual voting behaviour in five UK electoral cycles during 1992–2014. Using the Understanding Society and the British Household Panel Surveys, we investigate the importance of political sentiments and subjective economic evaluations disentangling persistence of party support and unobserved heterogeneity effects. We estimate joint dynamic tripartite models of party support and egocentric perceptions of current and prospective finances, permitting longitudinal simultaneous determination of perceptions of personal finances and political preferences. The results validate the economic voting hypothesis in cycles adjacent to economic downturns: support for the governing political party is positively related to individual perceptions of own financial well-being. Failing to account for simultaneity and not accounting for dynamics and initial political party support inflate the impact of personal financial evaluations.
In vivo protein kinase activity of SnRK1 fluctuates in Arabidopsis rosettes during light-dark cycles
Authors: Avidan Omri , Moraes Thiago A , Mengin Virginie , Feil Regina , Rolland Filip , Stitt Mark , Lunn John E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sucrose-nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)–related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a central hub in carbon and energy signaling in plants, and is orthologous with SNF1 in yeast and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in animals. Previous studies of SnRK1 relied on in vitro activity assays or monitoring of putative marker gene expression. Neither approach gives unambiguous information about in vivo SnRK1 activity. We have monitored in vivo SnRK1 activity using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) reporter lines that express a chimeric polypeptide with an SNF1/SnRK1/AMPK-specific phosphorylation site. We investigated responses during an equinoctial diel cycle and after perturbing this cycle. As expected, in vivo SnRK1 activity rose toward the end of the night and rose even further when the night was extended. Unexpectedly, although sugars rose after dawn, SnRK1 activity did not decline until about 12 h into the light period. The sucrose signal metabolite, trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), has been shown to inhibit SnRK1 in vitro. We introduced the SnRK1 reporter into lines that harbored an inducible trehalose-6-phosphate synthase construct. Elevated Tre6P decreased in vivo SnRK1 activity in the light period, but not at the end of the night. Reporter polypeptide phosphorylation was sometimes negatively correlated with Tre6P, but a stronger and more widespread negative correlation was observed with glucose-6-phosphate. We propose that SnRK1 operates within a network that controls carbon utilization and maintains diel sugar homeostasis, that SnRK1 activity is regulated in a context-dependent manner by Tre6P, probably interacting with further inputs including hexose phosphates and the circadian clock, and that SnRK1 signaling is modulated by factors that act downstream of SnRK1.
ON LIVING THE TESTIMONIAL SCEPTIC’S LIFE: CAN TESTIMONIAL SCEPTICISM BE DISMISSED?
Authors: Keren Arnon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Within the contemporary epistemology of testimony, it is widely assumed that testimonial scepticism can be dismissed without engaging with possible reasons or arguments supporting the view. This assumption of dismissibility both underlies the debate between reductionist and non-reductionist views of testimony and is responsible for the neglect of testimonial scepticism within contemporary epistemology. This paper argues that even given liberal assumptions about what may constitute valid grounds for the dismissal of a sceptical view, the assumption that testimonial scepticism is dismissible should be rejected. For even if familiar sceptical positions and scepticism about testimonial justification can be dismissed on such grounds, scepticism about testimonial knowledge cannot.
Establishment of coverage-mass equation to quantify the corrosion inhomogeneity and examination of medium effects on iron corrosion
Authors: Li Xin , Ding Jiandong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetal corrosion is important in the fields of biomedicine as well as construction and transportation etc. While most corrosion occurs inhomogeneously, there is so far no satisfactory parameter to characterize corrosion inhomogeneity. Herein, we employ the Poisson raindrop question to model the corrosion process and derive an equation to relate corrosion coverage and corrosion mass. The resultant equation is named coverage-mass equation, abbreviated as C-M equation. We also suggest corrosion mass at 50% coverage, termed as half-coverage mass Mcorro50%, as an inhomogeneity parameter to quantify corrosion inhomogeneity. The equation is confirmed and the half-coverage mass Mcorro50% is justified in our experiments of iron corrosion in five aqueous media, normal saline, phosphate-buffered saline, Hank’s solution, deionized water and artificial seawater, where the former three ones are biomimetic and very important in studies of biomedical materials. The half-coverage mass Mcorro50% is proved to be more comprehensive and mathematically convergent than the traditional pitting factor. Iron corrosion is detected using visual observation, scanning electron microscopy with a build-in energy dispersive spectrometer, inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometry and electrochemical measurements. Both rates and inhomogeneity extents of iron corrosion are compared among the five aqueous media. The factors underlying the medium effects on corrosion rate and inhomogeneity are discussed and interpreted. Corrosion rates of iron in the five media differ about 7-fold, and half-coverage mass values differ about 300 000-fold. The fastest corrosion and the most significant inhomogeneity occur both in biomimetic media, but not the same one. The new equation (C-M equation) and the new quantity (half-coverage mass) are stimulating for dealing with a dynamic and stochastic process with global inhomogeneity including but not limited to metal corrosion. The findings are particularly meaningful for research and development of next-generation biodegradable materials.
Central Bank Balance Sheet Policies Without Rational Expectations
Authors: Iovino Luigi , Sergeyev Dmitriy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the effects of central bank balance sheet policies—namely, quantitative easing and foreign exchange interventions—in a model where people form expectations through an iterative level-k thinking process. We emphasize two main theoretical results. First, under a broad set of conditions, central bank interventions are effective under level-k thinking, while they are neutral in the rational expectations equilibrium. Second, when preferences exhibit constant relative risk aversion, asset purchases increase aggregate output if they target assets with pro-cyclical returns but reduce it if asset returns are counter-cyclical. Finally, we empirically show that forecast errors about future asset prices are predictable by balance sheet interventions, a property that differentiates our channel from popular alternatives, such as portfolio-balance and signaling channels.
DELTA AIR LINES, INC v ONTRO LTD
Authors:   Appointed Person (Trade Marks)
Published: February 2023

Abstract
H1 Trade marks—Opposition proceedings—Device marks—SKYCLUB—Pleadings—Inadequacy of counterstatement—Applications to amend—Amendment on appeal—Comparison of goods and services—Interpretation of the word “featuring”—Whether air transportation services similar to in-flight magazines, loyalty schemes, chauffeur services, storage and collection of luggage and arrangement of meals for travellers—Likelihood of confusion—Applications to stay pending EUIPO proceedings—Appeal to Appointed Person
Ethical Practice in a Post-RoeWorld: A Guide for Social Workers
Authors: Reamer Frederic G 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOn June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court voted to overturn Roe v. Wade, concluding that the Constitution of the United States does not confer a right to abortion. The court’s decision in Dobbs immediately introduced challenging ethical issues for social workers who serve people who become pregnant. Key questions concern social workers’ ability to protect clients’ privacy and confidentiality, documentation protocols, and client abandonment. In addition, social workers must be concerned about the possibility that they are at risk of being named in licensing board and ethics complaints, lawsuits, and criminal court indictments because of their work with people who seek abortion-related information and services. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the Dobbs decision; discuss compelling ethical issues facing social workers who work with people who seek reproductive health information and services; present guidelines to assist social workers who face ethical dilemmas related to reproductive health services; and highlight the critical importance of ethics-informed social work advocacy related to reproductive health.
Assessing Color-Blind Racism in Nursing Students
Authors: Ramsay-Seaner Kristine , Letcher Amber , Isaacson Mary J. , Fenster Kathryn , Heckmann Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The nursing workforce does not mirror the demographics of the United States, contributing to health disparities related to race. The purpose of this study was to assess possible changes in racial bias among undergraduate nursing students. Students in their first (n = 58) or fifth (n = 50) semester completed the Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale via an online survey. Fifth-semester students reported significantly more racial bias than first-semester students. Further investigation revealed more influence of students’ race: White students indicated greater color-blind attitudes than students of color. Recommendations for integrating multicultural curricula into nursing programs are included.