bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brønsted acid catalyzed mechanochemical domino multicomponent reactions by employing liquid assisted grindstone chemistry
Authors: Borah Biplob , Swain Sidhartha , Patat Mihir , Kumar Bhupender , Prajapat Ketan Kumar , Biswas Rathindranath , Vasantha R. , Chowhan L. Raju 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere, we have demonstrated a metal-free energy-efficient mechanochemical approach for expedient access to a diverse set of 2-amino-3-cyano-aryl/heteroaryl-4H-chromenes, tetrahydrospiro[chromene-3,4′-indoline], 2,2′-aryl/heteroarylmethylene-bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enone) as well as tetrahydro-1H-xanthen-1-one by employing the reactivity of 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione/cyclohexane-1,3-dione with TsOH⋅H2O as Brønsted acid catalyst under water-assisted grinding conditions at ambient temperature. The ability to accomplish multiple C–C, C=C, C–O, and C–N bonds from readily available starting materials via a domino multicomponent strategy in the absence of metal-catalyst as well as volatile organic solvents with an immediate reduction in the cost of the transformation without necessitates complex operational procedures, features the significant highlights of this approach. The excellent yield of the products, broad functional group tolerances, easy set-up, column-free, scalable synthesis with ultralow catalyst loading, short reaction time, waste-free, ligand-free, and toxic-free, are other notable advantages of this approach. The greenness and sustainability of the protocol were also established by demonstrating several green metrics parameters.
A novel bi-planar calibration method for digital templating in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ries Christian , Rolvien Tim , Beil Frank Timo , Boese Henriette S. , Boese Christoph Kolja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn total hip arthroplasty and reconstructive orthopedic surgery, pre-operative digital templating is essential for surgical treatment optimization, risk management, and quality control. Calibration is performed before templating to address magnification effects. Conventional methods including fixed calibration factors, individual marker-based calibration and dual-scale marker methods are not reliable. A novel bi-planar calibration method is described aiming to reduce the error below clinical significance. The bi-planar calibration method requires two conventional orthogonal radiographs and a standard radiopaque marker ball. An algorithm computes the hip plane height parallel to the detector in the antero-posterior radiograph. Foreseeable errors (i.e., patient rotation and misplaced markers or lateral offset) are considered in a correction algorithm. Potential effects of errors are quantified in a standard model. Influence of rotation in lateral radiographs and lateral offset of marker on the calibration factor are quantified. Without correction, patient rotation in the lateral radiograph of 30° results in absolute calibration error of 2.2% with 0 mm offset and 6.5% with 60 mm lateral offset. The error is below the threshold of 1.5% for rotation less than 26° with 0 mm offset and 10° with 60 mm offset. The method is supposed to be reliable in precisely predicting the hip plane and thereby the calibration factor. It may be superior to other methods available. In theory, the method allows correction of clinically relevant rotation of at least 30° and marker displacement without impacting the computed calibration factor.
Cumulative trauma predicts hair cortisol concentrations and symptoms of depression and anxiety in pregnant women—an investigation of community samples from Greece, Spain and Perú
Authors: Dobernecker Johanna , Spyridou Andria , Elbert Thomas , Schauer Maggie , Garthus-Niegel Susan , Ruf-Leuschner Martina , Schalinski Inga 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExposure to traumatic experiences across lifespan shapes the functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and sets individuals at risk to develop symptoms of depression and anxiety. Particularly, HPA axis regulation and the psychological health of the expectant mother have been of interest, as the health of the unborn child may be affected through changes in gestational biology. The present study investigated the potential associations between lifetime trauma, current symptoms (depression and anxiety) and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in pregnant women. A total of 149 pregnant women were interviewed in public outpatient clinics with varying gestational age in Greece, Spain and Perú. Lifetime trauma exposure and current symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed. HCC was measured in scalp-near hair segments (2 cm length) reflecting cumulative cortisol secretion of the past two months. Results showed that trauma load is negatively associated with HCC and higher symptoms of depression and anxiety. There was a negative association between HCC and symptoms. The present findings support the notion that cumulative trauma exposure exerts long-lasting effects on the expectant mother’s HPA axis activity functioning and mental health and may thereby potentially create risk trajectories for the unborn child via changes in gestational biology.
Spatial and temporal variation of CBPI and leakage of heavy metals from cigarette butts into the urban environment
Authors: Darabi Khadijeh , Hassani Ghasem , Alinejad Navid , Badeenezhad Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMore than 5 trillion cigarettes are produced in the world every year. This hazardous waste is one of the most important litter in the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the density and dispersion of cigarette butts in the urban environment and to estimate the leakage of pollution from it to the environment. For this purpose, the cigarette butt pollution index was used in 14 locations. Observations were made during a year and once a month for each location. The study of the locations was done with the same conditions on weekend and working days. The amount of heavy metal leakage was estimated based on the average weight of cigarette butts and the ratio of metal leakage in different weather conditions. The results showed that the annual average of index for the studied locations was 1.36 (SD 0.11) to 10.6 (SD 1.23). Based on this, 28.5% of the locations were in the low pollution status and 42.8% were in the significant pollution status and worse. On average, the index on weekend decreased by 32.3 percent in all locations, and the average index of the studied locations in spring and summer was 26.2 percent higher than in autumn and winter. The average leakage of heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, zinc, lead, copper, and nickel from littered cigarette butts in commercial, residential, and recreational areas was estimated to be 0.27, 0.079, and 0.17 µg per square meter, respectively. Cigarette butt is one of the most abundant litter in the studied area, which is the source of many pollutants, including heavy metals. This hazardous waste is a serious threat to the urban environment.
As good as human experts in detecting plant roots in minirhizotron images but efficient and reproducible: the convolutional neural network “RootDetector”
Authors: Peters Bo , Blume-Werry Gesche , Gillert Alexander , Schwieger Sarah , von Lukas Uwe Freiherr , Kreyling Juergen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlant roots influence many ecological and biogeochemical processes, such as carbon, water and nutrient cycling. Because of difficult accessibility, knowledge on plant root growth dynamics in field conditions, however, is fragmentary at best. Minirhizotrons, i.e. transparent tubes placed in the substrate into which specialized cameras or circular scanners are inserted, facilitate the capture of high-resolution images of root dynamics at the soil-tube interface with little to no disturbance after the initial installation. Their use, especially in field studies with multiple species and heterogeneous substrates, though, is limited by the amount of work that subsequent manual tracing of roots in the images requires. Furthermore, the reproducibility and objectivity of manual root detection is questionable. Here, we use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the automatic detection of roots in minirhizotron images and compare the performance of our RootDetector with human analysts with different levels of expertise. Our minirhizotron data come from various wetlands on organic soils, i.e. highly heterogeneous substrates consisting of dead plant material, often times mainly roots, in various degrees of decomposition. This may be seen as one of the most challenging soil types for root segmentation in minirhizotron images. RootDetector showed a high capability to correctly segment root pixels in minirhizotron images from field observations (F1 = 0.6044; r2 compared to a human expert = 0.99). Reproducibility among humans, however, depended strongly on expertise level, with novices showing drastic variation among individual analysts and annotating on average more than 13-times higher root length/cm2 per image compared to expert analysts. CNNs such as RootDetector provide a reliable and efficient method for the detection of roots and root length in minirhizotron images even from challenging field conditions. Analyses with RootDetector thus save resources, are reproducible and objective, and are as accurate as manual analyses performed by human experts.
Gray matter differences associated with menopausal hormone therapy in menopausal women: a DARTEL-based VBM study
Authors: Kim Tae-Hoon , Kim ByoungRyun , Kim Youe Ree , Jeong Chang-Won , Lee Young Hwan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMenopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in women can reduce troublesome menopause symptoms and prevent cognitive decline. This cross-sectional study investigated the MHT-related effect on brain morphology and its association with sex hormones in menopausal women by using an optimized diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated Lie algebra (DARTEL)-based voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method. Twenty-one menopausal women without MHT (noMHT) and 20 menopausal women with MHT were included in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging data were processed using SPM 12 with DARTEL-based VBM whole brain analysis approach. A 2-sample t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for age and total intracranial volume were used to compare GM volume between noMHT and MHT women. The association between MHT (treatment period, hormones levels) and brain volume variations were analyzed by Spearman correlation. MHT women showed significantly larger volumes of the superior/middle/inferior frontal gyri, hypothalamus, inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, cerebellar cortex, postcentral gyrus, precuneus, angular gyrus, supplementary motor area, superior occipital gyrus, and precentral gyrus compared to the noMHT women. The volumes of the angular gyrus and hypothalamus in MHT women positively correlated with treatment period. On the other hand, the hypothalamic volume negatively correlated with FSH and LH levels, and the volumes of the inferior frontal gyrus, and angular gyrus negatively correlated with progesterone levels, respectively. MHT-treated women showed larger GM volume than noMHT women. The anatomical structures that showed greater volume in association with MHT included the deep brain areas, frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital gyri.
Synergistic effect of sulfonation followed by precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate on the bone-bonding strength of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone
Authors: Takaoka Yusuke , Fujibayashi Shunsuke , Yabutsuka Takeshi , Yamane Yuya , Ishizaki Chihiro , Goto Koji , Otsuki Bungo , Kawai Toshiyuki , Shimizu Takayoshi , Okuzu Yaichiro , Masamoto Kazutaka , Shimizu Yu , Hayashi Makoto , Ikeda Norimasa , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSulfonation and applications of amorphous calcium phosphate are known to make polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bioactive. Sulfonation followed by precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (AN-treatment) may provide PEEK with further bone-bonding strength. Herein, we prepared a carbon-fiber-reinforced PEEK (CPEEK) with similar tensile strength to cortical bone and a CPEEK subjected to AN-treatment (CPEEK-AN). The effect of AN-treatment on the bone-bonding strength generated at the interface between the rabbit’s tibia and a base material was investigated using a detaching test at two time-points (4 and 8 weeks). At 4 weeks, the strength of CPEEK-AN was significantly higher than that of CPEEK due to the direct bonding between the interfaces. Between 4 and 8 weeks, the different bone forming processes showed that, with CPEEK-AN, bone consolidation was achieved, thus improving bone-bonding strength. In contrast, with CPEEK, a new bone was absorbed mainly on the interface, leading to poor strength. These observations were supported by an in vitro study, which showed that pre-osteoblast on CPEEK-AN caused earlier maturation and mineralization of the extracellular matrix than on CPEEK. Consequently, AN-treatment, comprising a combination of two efficient treatments, generated a synergetic effect on the bonding strength of CPEEK.
Use of thoracoscopy for thoracic sympathetic nerve block in primary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Han Jung Wook , Ahn Seha , Jeong Jin Yong , Park Chan Beom , Eom Eunjin , Park Soo Seog 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThoracic sympathetic nerve block (TSNB) has been widely used in the treatment of neuropathic pain. To reduce block failure rates, TSNB is assisted with several modalities including fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. The present study describes our experience assessing the usefulness of thoracoscopy in TSNB for predicting compensatory hyperhidrosis before sympathectomy in primary hyperhidrosis. From September 2013 to October 2021, TSNB was performed under local anesthesia using a 2-mm thoracoscope in 302 patients with severe primary hyperhidrosis. Among the 302 patients, 294 were included for analysis. The target level of TSNB was T3 in almost all patients. The mean procedure time was 21 min. Following TSNB, the mean temperature of the left and right palms significantly changed from 31.5 to 35.3 °C and from 31.5 to 34.8 °C, respectively. With TSNB, primary hyperhidrosis was relieved in all patients. Pneumothorax occurred in six patients, in which no chest tube insertion was required. One patient developed hemothorax and was discharged the next day after small-bore catheter drainage. Transient ptosis developed in 10 patients and improved within a day in all patients. Our experiences showed that thoracoscopic TSNB is accurate, safe, and feasible to block the thoracic sympathetic nerve in patients with severe primary hyperhidrosis.
Research on visual search behaviors of basketball players at different levels of sports expertise
Authors: Jin Peng , Ge Zhigang , Fan Tieming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine visual search strategies of skilled basketball players in an anticipation task. This study selected 48 experienced and inexperienced basketball players. The participants were grouped into novice and expert groups based on their experience. The participants were asked to look at series of pictures of offensive patterns of play in a basketball game from a third person perspective and chose one of the three options: passing, shooting and break through. This study measured and recorded the response time, key pressing results, and eye movements. Eye movement data were recorded using the Tobii X-3 120 eye tracker. The results showed that, the expert group demonstrated superior anticipation performance, and were more accuracy. In addition, the results showed that participants in the expert group and faster predicted the offensive way faster than the novice group. The results also showed that experienced basketball players employed a simple and efficient visual search strategy including greater fixation counts and longer fixation duration on more informative areas than the novice group. Furthermore, the visualization metrics showed that the expert group had a more concise fixation trajectory and focused mainly on key information area. Generally, expert players exhibited a more efficient and effective visual search strategy demonstrating better performance on anticipation tasks.
A self-assembling CXCR4-targeted pyroptosis nanotoxin for melanoma therapy
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Huang Yingbin , Wang Jing , Lin Hongsheng , Cao Fei , Li Shuxin , Li Yin , Li Ziqian , Liu Xuekui 
Published: January 2023

The self-assembling nanotoxin T22-PE24 that specifically targets CXCR4 was designed to selectively deliver the cytotoxic toxin PE24 to treat CXCR4+ melanoma via activating caspase 3/GSDME pathways in which initially “cold” tumors will become “hot”.
Multi‐feature fusion‐based strabismus detection for children
Authors: Zhang Guiying , Xu Wenjing , Gong Haotian , Sun Lilei , Li Cong , Chen Huicong , Xiang Daoman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStrabismus is a common ophthalmologic disease that affects approximately 1.19% to 5.0% of children; however if the disease is detected early it can be treated effectively. Generally, the automatic detection of strabismus is usually performed only by a single feature, which is, with image deep features or ratio features. However, the accuracy of a strabismus diagnosis with a single feature is unreliable. This study aims to develop an intelligent strabismus detection model driven by corneal light reflection photographs to automatically detect children's strabismus. The proposed multi‐feature fusion model (MFFM) improves the detection performance by fusing the deep features and ratio features extracted from the corneal light reflection photographs to identify strabismus. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed multi‐feature model outperforms all of the single feature models in strabismus detection. The experiments show that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 97.17%, sensitivity of 96.06%, specificity of 97.79%, and AUC of 0.969 in strabismus detection. Our evidence shows that it greatly improves the performance of strabismus detection.
Detailed α abundance trends in the inner Galactic bulge
Authors: Nieuwmunster N. , Nandakumar G. , Spitoni E. , Ryde N. , Schultheis M. , Rich R. M. , Barklem P. S. , Agertz O. , Renaud F. , Matteucci F. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Until now, heavy interstellar extinction has meant that only a few studies of chemical abundances have been possible in the inner Galactic bulge. However, it is crucial to learn more about this structure in order to better understand the formation and evolution of the centre of the Galaxy and galaxies in general.
Aims. In this paper, we aim to derive high-precision α-element abundances using CRIRES high-resolution IR spectra of 72 cool M giants of the inner Galactic bulge.
Methods. Silicon, magnesium, and calcium abundances were determined by fitting a synthetic spectrum for each star. We also incorporated recent theoretical data into our spectroscopic analysis (i.e. updated K-band line list, better broadening parameter estimation, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) corrections). We compare these inner bulge α abundance trends with those of solar neighbourhood stars observed with IGRINS using the same line list and analysis technique; we also compare our sample to APOGEE DR17 abundances for inner bulge stars. We investigate bulge membership using spectro-photometric distances and orbital simulations. We construct a chemical-evolution model that fits our metallicity distribution function (MDF) and our α-element trends.
Results. Among our 72 stars, we find four that are not bulge members. [Si/Fe] and [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trends show a typical thick disc α-element behaviour, except that we do not see any plateau at supersolar metallicities as seen in other works. The NLTE analysis lowers [Mg/Fe] typically by ∼0.1 dex, resulting in a noticeably lower trend of [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H]. The derived [Ca/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trend has a larger scatter than those for Si and Mg, but is in excellent agreement with local thin and thick disc trends. With our updated analysis, we constructed one of the most detailed studies of the α abundance trends of cool M giants in the inner Galactic bulge. We modelled these abundances by adopting a two-infall chemical-evolution model with two distinct gas-infall episodes with timescales of 0.4 Gyr and 2 Gyr, respectively.
Conclusions. Based on a very meticulous spectral analysis, we have constructed detailed and precise chemical abundances of Mg, Si, and Ca for cool M giants. The present study can be used as a benchmark for future spectroscopic surveys.
Dynamical masses of two young transiting sub-Neptunes orbiting HD 63433
Authors: Mallorquín M. , Béjar V. J. S. , Lodieu N. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Tabernero H. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Zechmeister M. , Luque R. , Pallé E. , Montes D. 
Published: January 2023

Context.Although the number of exoplanets reported in the literature exceeds 5000 so far, only a few dozen of them are young planets (≤900 Myr). However, a complete characterization of these young planets is key to understanding the current properties of the entire population. Hence, it is necessary to constrain the planetary formation processes and the timescales of dynamical evolution by measuring the masses of exoplanets transiting young stars.Aims.We characterize and measure the masses of two transiting planets orbiting the 400 Myr old solar-type star HD 63433, which is a member of the Ursa Major moving group.Methods.We analysed precise photometric light curves of five sectors of the TESS mission with a baseline of ~750 days and obtained ~150 precise radial velocity measurements with the visible and infrared arms of the CARMENES instrument at the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope in two different campaigns of ~500 days. We performed a combined photometric and spectroscopic analysis to retrieve the planetary properties of two young planets. The strong stellar activity signal was modelled by Gaussian regression processes.Results.We have updated the transit parameters of HD 63433 b and c and obtained planet radii ofRpb= 2.140 ± 0.087R⊕andRpc= 2.692 ± 0.108R⊕. Our analysis allowed us to determine the dynamical mass of the outer planet with a 4σsignificance (Mpc= 15.54 ± 3.86M⊕) and set an upper limit on the mass of the inner planet at 3σ (Mpb< 21.76M⊕). According to theoretical models, both planets are expected to be sub-Neptunes, whose interiors mostly consist of silicates and water with no dominant composition of iron, and whose gas envelopes are lower than 2% in the case of HD 63433 c. The envelope is unconstrained in HD 63433 b.
Rosig und Pulslos – eine suprakondyläre Fraktur des
distalen Humerus mit indirekter Einschnürung der Brachialarterie bei
einem 4-jährigen Jungen
Authors: Krickl Julian , Thannheimer Andreas , Noeldeke Stefan , Gesslein Markus , Lange Thomas , Millrose Michael 
Published: January 2023

FallberichtBei einem 4-Jährigen mit starker Schwellung bei einer dislozierten
suprakondylären Humerusfraktur vom Typ Laer IV (Abb. 1) fand sich bei der klinischen
Untersuchung eine rosige, jedoch pulslose Hand. Die periphere Sensibilität
war intakt, und die Kennmuskelfunktionen der oberen Extremität zeigten,
soweit klinisch prüfbar, einen vollen Kraftgrad (Janda 5/5). Die
Rekapillarisationszeit war hochnormal mit ca. zwei Sekunden. Allerdings war ein Puls
der A. radialis bzw. A. ulnaris weder tast- noch dopplerbar.