bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing comfort with sexuality-related questions in medical students: “a little discomfort is better than a lifetime of suffering in silence”
Authors: Thomson Jantien , Ross Michael W , van Deventer Heidi , Poelsma Mieke , Pienaar Marie E , du Toit Marlena , Botha Matthys H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Sexual history–taking competence in medical students is an essential skill that they need to acquire. It requires them to learn to develop comfort in using sexuality-related language and raising the subject with patients. Sexual history exploration skills are inadequately taught in a significant number of medical schools.

Aim
We studied comfort levels in using sexuality-related language in medical students who had no training yet in history taking.

Methods
First-year medical students in a South African university engaged in an exercise in pairs—a dyad—alternating the role of interviewer and interviewee. Provided questions and answers were offered to the students, who videotaped their dyad interview and uploaded it to a safe university environment for peer review.

Outcomes
As part of the exercise, students rated their comfort in the interview for 35 questions on a 5-point Likert scale. Students then participated in online discussion forums with fellow students and tutors on their experience.

Results
Students posing the questions, the interviewers, were significantly more comfortable with the questions than interviewees. Total comfort scores over the 35 questions showed a roughly normal distribution for both. Questions with explicit sexual behavior or vocabulary were rated more uncomfortable by interviewers as well as interviewees. The total scores for interviewers showed a distribution with a longer tail toward discomfort. Female interviewees were significantly more uncomfortable than male interviewees, but this was not the case for interviewers. Dyads of 2 females were significantly more uncomfortable than mixed-gender and 2-male dyads. Qualitative data showed wide acceptance of the exercise by students, with increasing confidence and comfort in using sexually explicit terms in strong appreciation of the responder’s perspective in the exercise, as well as awareness that receiving a question—the patient’s position—is more uncomfortable.

Clinical Translation
Data indicate that comfort assessment in asking sexuality-related questions with expected different levels of comfort and discomfort is a valuable measure that can evaluate progress in this skill. The data also suggest the need for students to select profiles and questions to provide a trauma-informed approach, knowing that some of the medical students will have experienced sexually related trauma, as in the general population.

Strengths and Limitations
This study provides a method and student feedback in teaching sexual history elicitation and increasing comfort with sexual language in a clinical context. The study is limited to first-year medical students.

Conclusion
Histories with provided questions and answers allow for rating of comfort and provision of trauma-informed education in developing sexual history exploration clinical skills.
Human-relevant exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate tampers with the ovarian insulin-like growth factor 1 system and disrupts folliculogenesis in young adult mice
Authors: Jauregui Estela J , McSwain Maile , Liu Xiaosong , Miller Kara , Burns Kimberlie , Craig Zelieann R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Phthalates are compounds used in consumer and medical products worldwide. Phthalate exposure in women has been demonstrated by detection of phthalate metabolites in their urine and ovarian follicular fluid. High urinary phthalate burden has been associated with reduced ovarian reserve and oocyte retrieval in women undergoing assisted reproduction. Unfortunately, no mechanistic explanation for these associations is available. In short term in vivo and in vitro animal studies modeling human-relevant exposures to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), we have identified ovarian folliculogenesis as a target for phthalate exposures. In the present study, we investigated whether DBP exposure negatively influences insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling in the ovary and disrupts ovarian folliculogenesis. CD-1 female mice were exposed to corn oil (vehicle) or DBP (10 µg/kg/day, 100 µg/kg/day, or 1000 mg/kg/day) for 20–32 days. Ovaries were collected as animals reached the proestrus stage to achieve estrous cycle synchronization. Levels of mRNAs encoding IGF1 and 2 (Igf1 and Igf2), IGF1 receptor (Igf1r), and IGF-binding proteins 1–6 (Ifgbp1–6) were measured in whole ovary homogenates. Ovarian follicle counts and immunostaining for phosphorylated IGF1R protein (pIGF1R) were used to evaluate folliculogenesis and IGF1R activation, respectively. DBP exposure, at a realistic dose that some women may experience (100 µg/kg/day for 20–32 days), reduced ovarian Igf1 and Igf1r mRNA expression and reduced small ovarian follicle numbers and primary follicle pIGF1R positivity in DBP-treated mice. These findings reveal that DBP tampers with the ovarian IGF1 system and provide molecular insight into how phthalates could influence the ovarian reserve in females.
Relationship Between Adherent Perinephric Fat and Sex Hormone Levels in Serum and Fat in Patients Undergoing Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Nomura Masashi , Matsumura Nozomi , Fujizuka Yuji , Sekine Yoshitaka , Tsuji Yusuke , Syuto Takahiro , Yokoo Hideaki , Suzuki Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Perinephric fat removal is essential for safe and effective robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Adherent perinephric fat (APF) occasionally compromises RAPN, but the relationship between such fat and sex hormone levels is unclear. We explored a possible association between APF and sex hormone levels in serum and APF tissue.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a prospective study from 2021 to 2022 at Gunma University Hospital. Fifty patients treated using RAPN were analyzed. We measured the testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) levels in serum and perinephric fat using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The correlations between the extent of adherence measured intraoperatively and hormone concentrations were examined.

Results:
Of the 50 cases, 36 were male, and 14 were female. APF was observed in 16 of the male patients but in no female patients. In male patients, the T levels in perinephric fat were significantly higher in patients with APF. E2 levels in perinephric fat tissue were also significantly higher in patients with APF.

Conclusion:
In the 36 male patients lacking APF, there were no significant differences in the serum levels of T compared with those with APF, but a significant difference was apparent in APF tissue. The changed T level in APF tissue may have affected APF development.
Body Composition and Physical Activity in Pediatric Intestinal Failure On and Off Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Yanchis Dianna , So Stephanie , Patterson Catherine , Belza Christina , Garofalo Elizabeth , Wong-Sterling Sylvia , Silva Carina , Avitzur Yaron , Wales Paul W. , Hulst Jessie M. , Kong Dehan , Xu Libai , Li Yuxuan , Courtney-Martin Glenda 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
Data on the relationship between body composition (BC) and physical activity (PA) in children with intestinal failure (IF) are lacking. The objectives were to collect data on PA and BC in children with IF, both parenterally and enterally fed, and to assess the relationship between PA and BC.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study in children 5–18 years with IF including those receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) and those fully enterally fed. PA levels were measured using accelerometry. BC was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data were compared to age- and sex-matched population norms using t tests. Regression analysis assessed the relationship between BC and PA.

Results:
Fifty-eight children with IF (38 males), mean (SD) age of 10.0 (3.5) years, 20 dependent on PN were included. Patients with IF had significantly fewer steps per day (P ≤ 0.001) compared with literature controls, with a mean (SD) of 7,972 (3,008) and 11,749 (1,106), respectively. There were no significant differences between patients receiving PN and those enterally fed, but both groups were significantly less active than literature controls (P < 0.001). Patients with IF had higher fat mass and lower fat-free mass compared to literature controls (P = 0.008). PA had a significant effect on BC (r
2 = 0.32, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Children with IF, those receiving PN and those fully enterally fed, are at risk of decreased PA and altered BC. PA should be part of ongoing rehabilitation and management to optimize outcomes.
The mechanical failure of locally manufactured prosthetic feet from the Jaffna Jaipur Centre for Disability Rehabilitation (JJCDR), Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranson Gemma , Morley Matthew , Corsial Nathan , Sathiadas Gitanjali , Ganeshamoorthy Jeya , Berthaume Michael 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10328 standards are used to verify the safety of lower limb prosthetic devices. However, the ISO 10328 tests are performed in sterile laboratory settings and do not account for environmental or sociocultural factors associated with prosthetic use. Most locally manufactured prosthetic feet from low-income and middle-income countries, which are safely used for years, do not meet these standards. In this study, we investigate the modes of wear patterns of naturally worn prosthetic feet from Sri Lanka.

Objective:
To characterize wear patterns of locally manufactured prosthetic feet from low-income and middle-income countries.

Methods:
Sixty-six replaced prosthetic feet from the Jaffna Jaipur Center of Disability and Rehabilitation were analyzed. Delamination between the keel and rest of the foot could not be detected with ultrasound. Sole wear pattern was quantified by photographing soles and dividing them into 200 rectangles and scoring the rectangle’s wear from 1 to 9 (no to extreme wear). Homologous scores were averaged to create a contour map of prosthetic foot wear.

Results:
The highest levels of wear occurred at the heel, end of the keel, and the perimeter of the prosthetic foot. All regions of the prosthetic feet had significantly different wear scores (p < 0.005).

Conclusions:
Locally manufactured solid ankle cushion heel feet display high levels of wear in localized areas of the sole of prosthetic feet, which can limit their life span. High levels of wear occur at the end of the keel, which would not be detectable in the ISO 10328 tests.
Challenges in the management of depressive disorders comorbid with tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Caceres-Cardenas Guillermo , Ruiz-Grosso Paulo , Ugarte-Gil Cesar 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to address the most relevant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the management of depressive disorders among patients with diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis (TB).

Recent findings
Depressive disorder, diabetes mellitus and TB are considered important contributors to the global burden of diseases with an emphasis on developing countries. Depressive disorder increases the chance of negative outcomes during the treatment of both diabetes mellitus and TB, while biological and adaptive changes due to diabetes mellitus and TB increase in turn the chance of depressive disorder.

Summary
In this review, we present major challenges in the management of depressive disorder among patients with TB and diabetes mellitus, from detection and clinical diagnosis using appropriate diagnostic tools, to selecting the best psychotherapeutic and/or pharmacological intervention, considering the potential, adverse events and interactions due to potential polypharmacy.
Ethical dilemmas of mental healthcare for migrants and refugees
Authors: Schouler-Ocak Meryam , Iris T. Graef-Calliess 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
This review will discuss the current development of ethical dilemmas in psychiatry in the care of migrants and refugees. The world is in times of increasing conflicts and disasters, which are leading to increased migration and flight. In dealing with patients, psychiatrists have their own codes of ethics. The purpose of developing codes of ethics is to serve educational and regulatory functions and to provide explicit and visible standards for the professional conduct of psychiatrists.

Recent findings
The codes of ethics are more recognised and required as standards in the form of guiding ethical principles on duties and rights as well as explicit rules. However, in the case of migrants and refugees, ethical principles are suspended in many places, exposing patients to different barriers.

Summary
Many National Psychiatric Associations have adopted the World Psychiatric Association or European Psychiatric Association Code of Ethics for Psychiatry. However, migrants and refugees still do not have the same rights and opportunities to access mental healthcare as well as preventive measures and thus equal treatment due to various barriers. Not only is equal treatment suspended in comparison to native patients, but also access to care between migrants and refugees from different regions of origin for various reasons. This invalidates the ethical principles.
Is suicide a mental health, public health or societal problem?
Authors: Goel Digvijay , Dennis Brian , McKenzie Sarah K. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Suicide is a complex phenomenon wherein multiple parameters intersect: psychological, medical, moral, religious, social, economic and political. Over the decades, however, it has been increasingly and almost exclusively come to be viewed through a biomedical prism. Colonized thus by health and more specifically mental health professionals, alternative and complimentary approaches have been excluded from the discourse. The review questions many basic premises, which have been taken as given in this context, particularly the ‘90 percent statistic’ derived from methodologically flawed psychological autopsy studies.

Recent findings
An alternative perspective posits that suicide is a societal problem which has been expropriated by health professionals, with little to show for the efficacy of public health interventions such as national suicide prevention plans, which continue to be ritually rolled out despite a consistent record of repeated failures. This view is supported by macro-level data from studies across national borders.

Summary
The current framing of suicide as a public health and mental health problem, amenable to biomedical interventions has stifled seminal discourse on the subject. We need to jettison this tunnel vision and move on to a more inclusive approach.
Modulation of Neural Networks and Symptom Correlated in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Double-blind Factorial Explanatory Clinical Trial of Home-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Authors: Lopes Alves Rael , Zortea Maxciel , Vicuña Serrano Paul , dos Santos Laranjeira Vani , Franceschini Tocchetto Betina , Ramalho Leticia , Fernanda da Silveira Alves Camila , Brugnera Tomedi Rafaela , Pereira de Almeida Rodrigo , Machado Bruck Samara , Medeiros Liciane , Sanches Paulo R. S. , Silva Danton P. , Lucena da Silva Torres Iraci , Fregni Felipe , Caumo Wolnei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) might modulate neural activity and promote neural plasticity. This factorial randomized clinical trial compared a-tDCS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) or sham (s-tDCS), and a-tDCS or s-tDCS on the primary motor cortex (M1) in the connectivity analyses in eight regions of interest (ROIs) across eight resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) frequencies. We included 48 women with fibromyalgia, aged 30 to 65, randomly assigned to 2:1:2:1 to receive 20 sessions during 20 minutes of a-tDCS 2mA or s-tDCS at home, over l-DLPFC or M1, respectively. EEG recordings were obtained before and after treatment with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). In the EC condition, comparing pre to post-treatment, the a-tDCS on l-DLPFC decreased the lagged coherence connectivity in the delta frequency band between the right insula and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (t=-3.542, p=.048). The l-DLPFC a-tDCS compared to s-tDCS decreased the lagged coherence connectivity in the delta frequency band between the right insula and left ACC (t=-4.000, p=.017). In the EO condition, the l-DLPFC a-tDCS compared to M1 s-tDCS increased the lagged coherence connectivity between the l-DLPFC and left ACC in the theta band (t=-4.059, p=.048). Regression analysis demonstrated that the a-tDCS effect on the l-DLPFC was positively correlated with sleep quality, while a-tDCS on l-DLPFC and M1 s-tDCS were positively correlated with pain catastrophizing. The application of a-tDCS over the l-DLPFC has modulated the connectivity between various brain regions involved in the affective-attentional aspects of pain, especially at lower EEG frequencies during the resting state. These findings suggest that the effects of a-tDCS on neural oscillations could serve as a neural marker associated with its impact on fibromyalgia symptoms.
Neural Correlates of Perceptual Similarity Masking in Primate V1
Authors: Chen Spencer C. , Chen Yuzhi , Geisler Wilson S. , Seidemann Eyal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVisual detection is a fundamental natural task. Detection becomes more challenging as the similarity between the target and the background in which it is embedded increases, a phenomenon termed “similarity masking”. To test the hypothesis that V1 contributes to similarity masking, we used voltage sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) to measure V1 population responses while macaque monkeys performed a detection task under varying levels of target-background similarity. Paradoxically, we find that during an initial transient phase, V1 responses to the target are enhanced, rather than suppressed, by target-background similarity. This effect reverses in the second phase of the response, so that in this phase V1 signals are positively correlated with the behavioral effect of similarity. Finally, we show that a simple model with delayed divisive normalization can qualitatively account for our findings. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that a nonlinear gain control mechanism in V1 contributes to perceptual similarity masking.
The concreteness effect from memory illusions’ perspective: the DIM-HA effect
Authors: Marín-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Díez Villoria Emiliano , González Ana María 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA vast body of evidence has shown that concrete nouns are processed faster and more accurately than abstract nouns in a variety of cognitive tasks. This phenomenon is widely known as the concreteness effect and explanations for its occurrence seem to reflect differences in processing and organization between both type of concepts. While there is considerable evidence to support this concrete effect, the nature of these differences is still controversial. In developing this explanation, we have proposed a relatively different approach from a false memory perspective using the DRM paradigm. Three different experiments were created to address the importance of association in creating concrete and abstract false memories. Results showed that false recognition rates differed significantly between concrete and abstract critical words when they were associated strongly with their respective lists, which led to a higher proportion of abstract false alarms both in behavioral and electrophysiological experiments. The principal outcomes were discussed in terms of theories of associative activation and qualitatively different representation.
Dietary pattern and diversity analysis using ‘DietR’ package in R
Authors: Sadohara Rie , Jacobs David , Pereira Mark A. , Johnson Abigail J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere are scarce resources available for analyzing 24-hour dietary records. Here we introduce DietR, a set of functions written in R for the analysis of 24-hour dietary recall or records data, collected with either the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24) dietary assessment tool or two-day data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The R functions are intended for food and nutrition researchers who are not computational experts. DietR provides users with functions to (1) clean dietary data; (2) analyze 24-hour dietary intakes in relation to other study-specific metadata variables; (3) visualize percentages of calorie intake from macronutrients; (4) perform principal component analysis (PCA) ork-means to group participants by similar dietary patterns; (5) generate foodtrees based on the hierarchical information of food items consumed; (6) perform principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) taking food classification information into account; (7) and calculate diversity metrics for overall diet and specific food groups. DietR includes a set of tutorials available on a website (https://computational-nutrition-lab.github.io/DietR/), which are designed to be self-paced study materials. DietR enables users to visualize dietary data and conduct data-driven dietary pattern analyses using R to answer research questions regarding diet. As a demonstration of DietR, we applied DietR to a set of created 24-hour dietary records data to demonstrate the basic functions of the package. We also applied DietR to a subset of 24-hour recall data from NHANES to demonstrate analyses using dietary diversity metrics. We present the results of this example NHANES analysis comparing legume diversity with waist circumference.
The dopamine inhibitor GBR12909 improves attention and compulsive behaviour in female rats
Authors: Abdulkader Sara , Gigg John 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundStimulants such as methylphenidate are the first-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A principal mechanism of action for these drugs is to reduce dopamine reuptake in the striatum. However, the ensuing risk of abuse with such stimulants means there is an urgent need for new, low-risk therapeutic agents. GBR12909 is a highly selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor, making it an important experimental tool. Indeed, this drug completed Phase II clinical trials for treatment of cocaine abuse. Understanding such drugs has the potential to expand our understanding of the striatal dopamine contribution to impulsivity, attention and compulsive behaviour and will help the development of novel targeted treatments for ADHD without an abuse risk.AimsThe aim of this work was to examine the role of low doses of GBR12909 on attention, impulsivity and compulsive behaviour as measured by 5C-CPT. Oldham’s methods was used to determine the presence of a rate-dependent effect.MethodsFemale Lister hooded rats were trained to criterion in the 5C-CPT (>70% accuracy, < 30% omission and < 40% false alarms). Effects of GBR12909 (0.25-1 mg/kg) were investigated on attention, impulsivity and compulsive behaviour under challenging task conditions.ResultsThe two lowest doses of GBR12909 improved selective attention in a rate-dependent manner while the highest dose of GBR 12909 showed a tendency toward improving compulsive behaviour in a baseline-dependent manner. However, GBR 12909 impaired waiting impulsivity in a baseline-dependent manner.ConclusionsGBR12909 has a clearly beneficial effect on attention and compulsive behaviour in the female rat. These findings support further clinical investigation of GBR-type dopamine uptake blockers or GBR analogues to facilitate the discovery of medications for inattentive ADHD, stimulant abuse, compulsive drug seeking behaviour and obsessive-compulsive disorder.