bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reining in Reviewer Two: How to Uphold Epistemic Respect in Academia
Authors: Krlev Gorgi , Spicer André 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJournals and scholarly communities seek to uphold standards of professional conduct. They regularly issue guideposts for how to do a good peer review, which highlight its tone should not be overly harsh. However, this guidance is frequently violated by a well‐known academic folk‐devil: ‘Reviewer Two’. A defining feature of reviewer two is that they do not show ‘epistemic respect’. A review shows epistemic respect by assessing arguments on the basis of their soundness, their logic, or their originality. A review violates epistemic respect when it assesses scholarly work on the basis of irrelevant information such as the epistemic origins of arguments, or the ranking of journals in which the arguments were published. We suggest that epistemic respect can be upheld by fundamentally changing established practices that scholars, editors, reviewers and journals take for granted. We show that upholding epistemic respect in academia is more than a question of tact. Stopping reviewer two‐like behaviour will promote innovative thought, accelerate the evolution of knowledge, and increase the diversity of knowing and learning.
Prevention strategies of the risk of violence and aggression towards nurses in renal units
Authors: de Barbieri Ilaria , Buja Alessandra , Noble Helen , Strini Veronica 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNursing, between healthcare professions, is the most at risk of violence and aggression. Most healthcare organizations rely on training as the primary strategy for the prevention of violence. Very little is known about the key factors for prevention against nurses: staff education, training and risk assessment.ObjectivesThe aim is to verify if the number of observed episodes of violence and aggression in renal units are associated with structural and prevention managerial strategies.DesignAn observational, cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsThey were part of a convention sample of participants in the European Dialysis and Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association Conference of 2019, who understood the English Language and had a smartphone or tablet.MeasurementsThe tool used was a questionnaire developed by Zampieron in 2010, with closed questions, focused on violence and aggression's prevention and management.ConclusionsIn conclusion our study found that organizational and managerial strategies to address violence and aggression are highly correlated with observed violence in unit. Nurses are encouraged to become proactive by participating in prevention committees and policies, attending prevention training offered by unit, and reporting all incidents including those witnessed.
City subcenter as a regional development policy: Impact on the property market
Authors: Li Ling , Xia Fangzhou 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to perform a locally specific investigation of a polycentric development policy through the lens of the property market. The capital city of China, Beijing, adopted a subcenter program for the purpose of developing a new economic growth pole in the suburbs through the redistribution of administrative and economic resources. Herein, we exploit spatial and temporal differencing in microproperty transaction data to address the issue of nonrandom selection of the site for developing the subcenter. The results show that in the first year after announcing the subcenter program, property prices in the subcenter rose by 10.5%, stabilizing at approximately 20% after 2 years of continuous increase. Moreover, property price growth decreases sharply with increased distance from the new administrative center in the subcenter, which will host tens of thousands of civil servants under the subcenter program. In response to the subcenter‐induced demand shock, locations with elastically supplied housing have experienced greater population growth and weaker appreciation in property prices. Although strict purchase restrictions have helped stabilize the subcenter's property market to some extent, the fever has spread to adjacent markets. The specific geography of property market dynamics provides an important channel to evaluate the impact of the subcenter program and offers insight regarding the development of tactics to optimize subcenter outcomes.
The use of pain scales in small animal veterinary practices in the USA
Authors: Costa R. S. , Hassur R. L. , Jones T. , Stein A. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesPain assessment in veterinary medicine is challenging. Uncertainty in the ability to recognise pain in animals contributes to suboptimal analgesia. Pain scales have been developed to aid in pain recognition. It is unknown if such scales are routinely utilised in veterinary practices.Materials and MethodsA survey using RedCap software was emailed to veterinarians and veterinary technicians working in practices across the USA. This study aimed to investigate whether pain scoring was routinely performed and reasons to use or not use pain scales. One hundred and forty‐four participants were required to estimate prevalence (95% confidence level, 5% precision) with hypothesised prevalence of approximately 10%.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐seven participants completed the survey. Seventy (47.6%) responded that pain scoring was performed in their practices, 24 (16.3%), reported “sometimes” and 53 (36.1%) reported pain scores were not performed. Reasons for not pain scoring included no training (51.9%) and busy caseload (48.1%). Disadvantages of pain scales were unreliability (16/82; 20%), duration required for completion (14/82; 17%) and vocalisation (14/82; 17%).Clinical SignificanceAlmost 50% of the small animal practices surveyed reported the use of pain scales as part of their routine workflow. However, many practices still do not consistently utilise pain scales to assess pain in dogs and cats. Perceived unreliability and lack of compliance were reasons for this result. Improvement of training and proper pain scale introduction and implementation in small animal practices in the USA appears to be required.
Carboxyhemoglobin as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hemolytic anemias in dogs
Authors: Nivy Ran , Sutton Gila , Bruchim Yaron 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndogenous production of carbon monoxide during hemoglobin metabolism leads to the formation of carboxyhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin concentration is abnormally high in humans with hemolytic anemia (HA).HypothesisMeasurement of carboxyhemoglobin concentration can discriminate HA from other forms of anemia.AnimalsTwenty‐seven dogs with HA (immune‐mediated HA, n = 22; microangiopathic HA, n = 5), 27 dogs with non‐HA (kidney disease, n = 14; immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia, [n = 6]; miscellaneous, n = 7) and 24 nonanemic control dogs.MethodsProspective cohort study. Carboxyhemoglobin quantification, a CBC and biochemistry profile were performed upon admission, and survival to hospital discharge and at 30 days were the measured outcomes. Groups were compared by the Mann‐Whitney and Kruskal‐Wallis tests. Receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to examine the predictive utility of carboxyhemoglobin for the diagnosis of HA in anemic dogs.ResultsCarboxyhemoglobin (median [interquartile range]) differed between dogs with HA (7.7% [2.5%]) and non‐HA (3.6% [1.05];P < .001) and dogs with HA and nonanemic dogs (3.5% [0.65%];P < .001). No difference was detected between nonHA and nonanemic dogs. The area under the ROC curve for carboxyhemoglobin as predictor of HA in anemic dogs was 0.997 (95% CI, 0.99‐1.00). Three optimal cut‐off points were identified, including 5.05%, 4.55% and 4.85%, with corresponding sensitivity/specificity of 92.6%/100%, 100%/92.6% and 96.3%/96.3%, respectively. Neither carboxyhemoglobin nor any of the CBC or chemistry analytes were associated with survival.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCarboxyhemoglobin proved an excellent predictor of HA in dogs and might constitute a useful, ancillary tool for diagnosing and monitoring hemolytic anemias.
The association between plasma choline, growth and neurodevelopment among Malawian children aged 6–15 months enroled in an egg intervention trial
Authors: Bragg Megan G. , Prado Elizabeth L. , Caswell Bess L. , Arnold Charles D. , George Matthews , Oakes Lisa M. , Beckner Aaron G. , DeBolt Michaela C. , Bennett Brian J. , Maleta Kenneth M. , Stewart Christine P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCholine is an essential micronutrient that may influence growth and development; however, few studies have examined postnatal choline status and children's growth and development in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The aim of this observational analysis was to examine associations of plasma choline with growth and development among Malawian children aged 6–15 months enrolled in an egg intervention trial. Plasma choline and related metabolites (betaine, dimethylglycine and trimethylamine N‐oxide) were measured at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up, along with anthropometric (length, weight, head circumference) and developmental assessments (the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool [MDAT], the Infant Orienting with Attention task [IOWA], a visual paired comparison [VPC] task and an elicited imitation [EI] task). In cross‐sectional covariate‐adjusted models, each 1 SD higher plasma choline was associated with lower length‐for‐age z‐score (−0.09 SD [95% confidence interval, CI −0.17 to −0.01]), slower IOWA response time (8.84 ms [1.66–16.03]) and faster processing speed on the VPC task (−203.5 ms [−366.2 to −40.7]). In predictive models, baseline plasma choline was negatively associated with MDAT fine motor z‐score at 6‐month follow‐up (−0.13 SD [−0.22 to −0.04]). There were no other significant associations of plasma choline with child measures. Similarly, associations of choline metabolites with growth and development were null except higher trimethylamine N‐oxide was associated with slower information processing on the VPC task and higher memory scores on the EI task. In this cohort of children with low dietary choline intake, we conclude that there were no strong or consistent associations between plasma choline and growth and development.
Duplicate genes as sources for rapid adaptive evolution of sperm under environmental pollution in tree sparrow
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Zhang Yingmei , Yang Wenzhi , Shen Yue , Lin Zhaocun , Zhang Sheng , Song Gang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnvironmental pollution can result in poor sperm quality either directly or indirectly in birds. However, adaptive and compensatory sperm morphology changes and motility improvements have rapidly evolved in tree sparrows (Passer montanus) inhabiting polluted areas over the past 65 years. To identify the genetic underpinnings of the rapidly evolving sperm phenotype, we carried out population genomics and transcriptomics on tree sparrow populations in the two differently polluted places. We identified a gene encoding the serine/threonine protein kinase PIM1, which may drive rapid phenotypic evolution of sperm. An unprecedented and remarkable expansion of the PIM gene family, caused by tandem and segmental duplication of PIM1, was subsequently observed in the tree sparrow genome. Most PIM1 duplicates showed a testis‐specific expression pattern, suggesting that their functions are related to male reproduction. Furthermore, the elevated expression level of PIM1 was consistent with our earlier findings of longer and faster swimming sperm in polluted sites, indicating an important role for duplicated PIM1 in facilitating the rapid evolution of sperm. Our results suggest that duplicated PIM1 provides sources of genetic variation that may enable the rapid evolution of sperm under environmental heavy metal pollution. The findings of this study indicated that duplicated genes can be targets of selection and predominant sources for rapid adaptation to environmental change and shed light on sperm evolution under pollution stress.
The for gene as one of the drivers of foraging variations in a parasitic wasp
Authors: Gallot Aurore , Desouhant Emmanuel , Lhuillier Vincent , Lepetit David , El Filali Adil , Mouton Laurence , Vieira‐Heddi Cristina , Amat Isabelle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractForaging behaviours encompass strategies to locate resources and to exploit them. In many taxa, these behaviours are driven by a major gene called for, but the mechanisms of gene regulation vary between species. In the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens, sexual and asexual populations coexist in sympatry but differ in life‐history traits, physiology and behaviours, which could impact their foraging strategies. Here, we explored the molecular bases underpinning divergence in behaviours by testing two mutually nonexclusive hypotheses: first, the divergence in the for gene correlates with differences in foraging strategies, and second, the latter rely on a divergence in whole‐genome expression. Using comparative genomics, we showed that the for gene was conserved across insects considering both sequence and gene model complexity. Polymorphism analysis did not support the occurrence of two allelic variants diverging across the two populations, yet the asexual population exhibited less polymorphism than the sexual population. Sexual and asexual transcriptomes split sharply, with 10.9% differentially expressed genes, but these were not enriched in behaviour‐related genes. We showed that the for gene was more highly expressed in asexual female heads than in sexual heads and that those differences correlate with divergence in foraging behaviours in our experiment given that asexuals explored the environment more and exploited more host patches. Overall, these results suggested that fine tuning of for gene expression between populations may have led to distinct foraging behaviours. We hypothesized that reproductive polymorphism and coexistence in sympatry of sexual and asexual populations specialized to different ecological niches via divergent optima on phenotypic traits could imply adaptation through different expression patterns of the for gene and at many other loci throughout the genome.
Plasma membrane‐associated calcium signaling modulates cadmium transport
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Wang Zhangqing , Liu Yisong , Zhang Tianqi , Liu Jiaming , You Zhang , Huang Panpan , Zhang Zhenqian , Wang Cun 
Published: December 2022

Summary

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy element for plant growth and development, and plants have evolved many strategies to cope with Cd stress. However, the mechanisms how plants sense Cd stress and regulate the function of transporters remain very rudimentary.

Here, we found that Cd stress induces obvious Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis roots. Furthermore, we identified the calcium‐dependent protein kinases CPK21 and CPK23 that interacted with the Cd transporter NRAMP6 through a variety of protein interaction techniques.

Then, we confirmed that the cpk21 23 double mutants significantly enhanced the sensitive phenotype of cpk23 single mutant under Cd stress, while the overexpression and continuous activation of CPK21 and CPK23 enhanced plants tolerance to Cd stress. Multiple biochemical and physiological analyses in yeast and plants demonstrated that CPK21/23 phosphorylate NRAMP6 primarily at Ser489 and Thr505 to inhibit the Cd transport activity of NRAMP6, thereby improving the Cd tolerance of plants.

Taken together, we found a plasma membrane‐associated calcium signaling that modulates Cd tolerance. These results provide new insights into the molecular breeding of crop tolerance to Cd stress.
Dental arch changes comparison between Expander with Differential Opening, Hyrax‐type and Haas‐type expanders: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Bistaffa Alisson Gabriel Idelfonso , Belomo‐Yamaguchi Luciana , de Castro Ferreira Conti Ana Claudia , Oltramari Paula Vanessa Pedron , de Almeida Marcio Rodrigues , de Almeida‐Pedrin Renata Rodrigues , Fernandes Thais Maria Freire 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveCompare changes in arch form after RME achieved by Expander with Differential Opening (EDO), Hyrax‐type and Haas‐type expanders.Materials and MethodsDental models were obtained from 61 patients aged 7‐11 years before expansion (T1) and 6 months after the active phase when the appliances were removed (T2). The groups were formed according to the expander used: EDO (n = 18, mean age: 9.46 ± 0.82 years), Hyrax‐type (n = 22, mean age: 9.62 ± 1.57 years) and Haas‐type (n = 21, mean age: 9.29 ± 1.05 years). The expander`s activation protocol consisted of 7 mm, except for EDO`s anterior screw, which was 9 mm. The measurements of upper and lower intercanine distance, inter‐first permanent molar, arch perimeter and length, maxillary canine and first‐permanent molar inclination, and palatal depth were performed using the OrthoAnalyzer 3D software. Intergroup comparisons of T1 and between changes (T2‐T1) were performed using ANOVA followed by Tukey.ResultsIn the upper intercanine distance EDO provided a greater increase than Haas‐type. In the distance between upper fist permanent molars EDO showed higher values than Haas‐type and Hyrax‐type. In the lower intercanine distance and maxillary arch length, Haas‐type promoted higher increase than EDO.ConclusionsThe EDO promoted greater transverse changes in anterior region than Haas‐type and greater transverse changes in posterior region of the maxilla than both conventional expanders. The appliance used for RME influences dental arch changes after treatment; therefore, it is recommended to individualize the choice of expander depending on the clinical necessity of each case.
A replication of “the effects of making public service employees aware of their prosocial and societal impact”
Authors: Hansen Paw 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent studies show that simple recall tasks can make public employees more aware of the positive impact they have on others and society. This in turn increases their motivation. However, studies often draw on paid survey respondents, such as respondents recruited via Amazon MTurk, resulting in an unfortunate mismatch between test sample and target population. Addressing the need to test recall tasks among real‐world public servants, we conducted a wide replication (n = 412) of a recent study by Vogel and Willems. Our findings suggest that the effect sizes of recall tasks are likely relatively smaller when deployed “in the wild.” Based on our findings, we propose three themes for a future research agenda and point practitioners to areas of attention when implementing recall tasks in real‐world settings.
VaxForce: Mobilizing interprofessional licensees and students for community COVID‐19 vaccination events
Authors: Chan Garrett K. , Metzger Owen N. , Sablik Melissa , Goldberg Emily M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDuring the early phases of the COVID‐19 vaccine efforts, there was limited supply of the vaccine available to administer. However, as the vaccine supply improved, there was a lack of qualified personnel to administer the vaccine. VaxForce, a volunteer workforce management system to vet healthcare professionals and students and match them with existing vaccination events, was created. VaxForce activities were mainly focused on under‐resourced communities. From March 2021 through July 2022, VaxForce mobilized 316 health professional volunteers in 72 vaccination events administering over 8451 vaccines in 7 counties in California. The racial and ethnic profile of vaccine recipients in VaxForce events were reported to be 49% Latinx, 26% Black, 4% Asian/Pacific Islander, 18% White, 3% Mixed Race.
Organ‐specific immune profiling of Leishmania donovani‐infected hamsters
Authors: Saini Sheetal , Singh Bharat , Dube Anuradha , Sahasrabuddhe Amogh Anant , Rai Ambak Kumar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and involvement of visceral organs. Organ‐specific immune response against the Leishmania donovani (Ld) complex is not yet understood due to the unavailability of an appropriate experimental model. In reference to our recent work on comparing the hamster model with VL patients, it is now possible to understand immune profiling in different visceral organs. This may offer an answer to varying parasite loads in different visceral organs in the same host. Herein, we analysed a panel of immune markers (Th‐2/Th‐1) in visceral organs of Ld‐infected hamsters and quantified parasitic load in the same tissues using qPCR assay. In spleen, liver, bone marrow and lymph node (mesenteric) from Ld‐infected hamsters, the parasite burden was quantified along with mRNA expression of a panel of Th‐2 and Th‐1 type immune markers, namely IL‐10, IL‐4, Arginase‐I, GATA‐3, SOCS‐3, IL‐12, IFN‐γ, iNOS, T‐bet and SOCS‐5. A clear dichotomy was absent between Th‐2 and Th‐1 type immune markers and the major players of this immune response were IFN‐γ, IL‐10, T‐bet, GATA‐3, SOCS‐5 and SOCS‐3.
When and why will creative discovery succeed or fail? The role of reactive control in resolving conflicts
Authors: Jia Lujia , Song Yan , Ren Jingyuan , Li Fuhong , Huang Furong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe process of creative discovery refers to discovering additional values of existing objects by identifying novel associations between seemingly unrelated things; however, this process is not always successful. To reveal the dynamic process of creative discovery, particularly when and why people made right or wrong judgments, the daily life scenario was described, and a possible tool was presented for judging whether it is usable to solve problems. Electrophysiological activity was recorded when people identified novel tools and then retrospectively analyzed the differences among three responses: correctly identified novel and usable (C‐NU) options, falsely identified novel and usable (F‐NU) options, and correctly identified novel but unusable (C‐NUU) options. The results showed that, compared with ordinary tools, novel tools evoked greater N2, N400 and LSP amplitudes; the differences in these components were likely associated with the monitoring and resolution of cognitive conflicts in the process of discovering novel associations. Regarding novel tools, smaller N400 and greater LSP amplitudes were evoked by the C‐NU option than by the F‐NU option, and no differences in these components were found between the F‐NU and C‐NUU options. The findings revealed that the success or failure of discovering novel associations depended on reactive control in resolving conflicts. Only when sufficient cognitive effort is used to resolve a conflict to a great degree can the appropriately novel association be successfully discovered; otherwise, the novel and appropriate association is lost.
Restoration research actions to address rapid change in drylands: insights from the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Young Kristina E. , Osborne Brooke B. , Phillips Michala , Winkler Daniel E. 
Published: December 2022

The rapid intensification of ecological extremes in response to climate change and human land use is perhaps nowhere more apparent than in drylands, including the semiarid region of the Colorado Plateau in the southwestern United States. Here, we describe research directions to aid in the restoration of Colorado Plateau ecosystems during the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030) that 1) address high levels of heterogeneity 2) explore simultaneous global change drivers 3) are co‐produced with a broad range of partners and 4) center Indigenous ways of knowing. We highlight restoration research efforts led by early career scientists grappling with informing management actions in a region where a rapidly changing climate intersects with historic grazing and continued land use pressures to create novel ecological extremes. We highlight restoration research efforts led by early career researchers grappling with informing management actions in a region where novel ecological extremes are the result of historic grazing, continued land‐use pressures, and a rapidly changing climate.