bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphical evaluation of evidence structure within a component network meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Hua , Shih Ming‐Chieh , Tu Yu‐Kang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComponent network meta‐analysis (CNMA) compares treatments comprising multiple components and estimates the effects of individual components. For network meta‐analysis, a standard network plot with nodes for treatments and edges for direct comparisons between treatments is drawn to visualize the evidence structure and the connections between treatments. However, the standard network plot does not effectively illustrate the connections between components for a CNMA. For example, the comparison between linear combinations of components within a trial is not shown directly in a standard network plot, and whether all components are identifiable cannot be deduced directly from the plot. Therefore, we need a new approach to visualizing the evidence structure of a CNMA. In this article, we proposed a new graph, a modified signal‐flow graph representing a system of equations, to evaluate the evidence structure for CNMA. In our new graph, each node represents a component, and arrows are used to show linear relationships between components. We used two examples to demonstrate how to draw and interpret the graph and how to use it to identify components that require more evidence.
A test of motion‐sensitive cameras to index ungulate densities: group size matters
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , Lazzeri Lorenzo , Fattorini Niccolò 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe use of species detection rates gathered from motion‐sensitive cameras as relative abundance indices (RAIs) could be a cost‐effective tool to monitor wildlife populations; however, validations based on comparisons with reference methods are necessary. We considered 3 ungulates, wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and fallow deer (Dama dama), and compared 2 different RAIs with independent indices of density obtained through feces counts across 3 summers (2019–2021) in a protected area of central Italy. We estimated the number of detections per day (RAIevents), and the number of individuals per day (RAIindividuals) from remote camera videos. Both indices were correlated with density estimates, yet only RAIindividuals correctly ranked interspecific densities. Values of RAIevents for the most abundant and gregarious ungulate (i.e., wild boar) were biased low and were lower than those of fallow deer. The uncertainty of RAIs was acceptable for the 2 most abundant study species (CVs ≤ 25%) but was greater for roe deer. At the intra‐specific level, density estimates and RAIs showed comparable but slight inter‐annual variation. Our results support the use of RAIs derived from motion‐sensitive cameras as a promising and cost‐effective tool to monitor ungulate populations, and researchers should incorporate group size into monitoring. We advocate the necessity of field tests based on comparison with locally reliable reference methods to validate the use of motion‐sensitive cameras.
Bidirectional needs assessment of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery short‐term surgical trips to Ethiopia and Kenya
Authors: Chweya Cynthia M. , Ryder C. Yoonhee , Fei‐Zhang David J. , Green Katerina J. , Zemene Yilkal , Okerosi Samuel , Wiedermann Joshua P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo create an otolaryngology‐specific needs assessment tool for short‐term global surgical trips and to describe our findings from its implementation.MethodsSurveys 1 and 2 were developed based on a literature review and disseminated to Low‐Middle Income (LMIC) hosting institutions in Kenya and Ethiopia and to High‐Income surgical trip participants (HIC), respectively. Respondents were otolaryngologists identified online, through professional organizations, and by word‐of‐mouth, who had participated in a surgical trip of <4 weeks.ResultsHIC and LMIC respondents shared similar goals of expanding host surgical skills through education and training while building sustainable partnerships. Discrepancies were identified between LMIC desired surgical skills and supply needs and HIC current practices. Microvascular reconstruction (17.6%), advanced otologic surgery (17.6%), and FESS (14.7%) were most desired skills and high‐demand equipment needs were FESS sets (89%), endoscopes (78%), and surgical drills (56%). Frequently taught techniques included advanced otologic surgery (36.6%), congenital anomaly surgery (14.6%), and FESS (14.6%) with the largest gap between LMIC‐need and HIC‐offerings being in microvascular reconstruction (17.6% vs. 0%). We also highlight the discrepancy in expectations of responsibility for trip logistics, research, and patient follow‐up.ConclusionWe created and implemented the first otolaryngology‐specific needs assessment tool in the literature. With its implementation in Ethiopia and Kenya, we were able to identify unmet needs as well as attitudes and perceptions of LMIC and HIC participants. This tool may be adapted and utilized to assess specific needs, resources, and goals of both host and visiting teams to facilitate successful global partnerships.Level of EvidenceLevel VI.
Deep Brain Stimulation: When to Test Directional?
Authors: Debove Ines , Petermann Katrin , Nowacki Andreas , Nguyen Thuy‐Anh Khoa , Tinkhauser Gerd , Michelis Joan Philipp , Muellner Julia , Amstutz Deborah , Bargiotas Panagiotis , Fichtner Jens , Schlaeppi Janine Ai , Krack Paul , Schuepbach Michael , Pollo Claudio , Lachenmayer Martin Lenard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDirectional deep brain stimulation (DBS) allows for steering of the stimulation field, but extensive and time‐consuming testing of all segmented contacts is necessary to identify the possible benefit of steering. It is therefore important to determine under which circumstances directional current steering is advantageous.MethodsFifty two Parkinson's disease patients implanted in the STN with a directional DBS system underwent a standardized monopolar programming session 5 to 9 months after implantation. Individual contacts were tested for a potential advantage of directional stimulation. Results were used to build a prediction model for the selection of ring levels that would benefit from directional stimulation.ResultsOn average, there was no significant difference in therapeutic window between ring‐level contact and best directional contact. However, according to our standardized protocol, 35% of the contacts and 66% of patients had a larger therapeutic window under directional stimulation compared to ring‐mode. The segmented contacts warranting directional current steering could be predicted with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 57%.ConclusionTo reduce time required for DBS programming, we recommend additional directional contact testing initially only on ring‐level contacts with a therapeutic window of less than 2.0 mA.
Evolution of Clinical Outcome Measures and Biomarkers in Sporadic Adult‐Onset Degenerative Ataxia
Authors: Oender Demet , Faber Jennifer , Wilke Carlo , Schaprian Tamara , Lakghomi Asadeh , Mengel David , Schöls Ludger , Traschütz Andreas , Fleszar Zofia , Dufke Claudia , Vielhaber Stefan , Machts Judith , Giordano Ilaria , Grobe‐Einsler Marcus , Klopstock Thomas , Stendel Claudia , Boesch Sylvia , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Timmann‐Braun Dagmar , Thieme Andreas Gustafsson , Kamm Christoph , Dudesek Ales , Tallaksen Chantal , Wedding Iselin , Filla Alessandro , Schmid Matthias , Synofzik Matthis , Klockgether Thomas 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSporadic adult‐onset ataxias without known genetic or acquired cause are subdivided into multiple system atrophy of cerebellar type (MSA‐C) and sporadic adult‐onset ataxia of unknown etiology (SAOA).ObjectivesTo study the differential evolution of both conditions including plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers.MethodsSPORTAX is a prospective registry of sporadic ataxia patients with an onset >40 years. Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia was the primary outcome measure. In subgroups, blood samples were taken and MRIs performed. Plasma NfL was measured via a single molecule assay. Regional brain volumes were automatically measured. To assess signal changes, we defined the pons and middle cerebellar peduncle abnormality score (PMAS). Using mixed‐effects models, we analyzed changes on a time scale starting with ataxia onset.ResultsOf 404 patients without genetic diagnosis, 130 met criteria of probable MSA‐C at baseline and 26 during follow‐up suggesting clinical conversion to MSA‐C. The remaining 248 were classified as SAOA. At baseline, NfL, cerebellar white matter (CWM) and pons volume, and PMAS separated MSA‐C from SAOA. NfL decreased in MSA‐C and did not change in SAOA. CWM and pons volume decreased faster, whereas PMAS increased faster in MSA‐C. In MSA‐C, pons volume had highest sensitivity to change, and PMAS was a predictor of faster progression. Fulfillment of possible MSA criteria, NfL and PMAS were risk factors, CWM and pons volume protective factors for conversion to MSA‐C.ConclusionsThis study provides detailed information on differential evolution and prognostic relevance of biomarkers in MSA‐C and SAOA. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Translations and psychometric validation of the Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey
Authors: Cho Hyeonmi , Han Kihye , Baek Hyang , Ju Jieun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnhancing nursing teamwork benefits both patients and nurses. The Nursing Teamwork Survey is a reliable, valid tool to evaluate nursing teamwork. This study was conducted to translate and psychometrically validate the Nursing Teamwork Survey for nurses in Korea. In Phase 1, the Nursing Teamwork Survey was translated into Korean using forward and backward translations. Content and face validity were determined using expert review and pilot testing, respectively. In Phase 2, we evaluated construct and convergent validity and internal consistency, and test‐retest reliability. We used survey data from 1119 hospital nursing staff; 98 of whom completed the Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey after 2 weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable fit (χ2/df ratio = 3.96, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, standardized root mean square residual = 0.05, comparative fit index = 0.91, and Tucker‐Lewis index = 0.90) with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.76‐93) and test‐retest reliability (rs = 0.63–0.83). Convergent validity was supported by the correlation between the subscales of the Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey and the Teamwork Within Units subscale of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (rs = 0.45–0.69, ps < 0.01). These findings indicate that the Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey is a reliable and valid measurement for assessing nursing teamwork. The Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey can inform management strategies to promote nursing teamwork and improve patient safety and nurses' well‐being.
Long‐term all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality for four bariatric surgery procedures
Authors: Adams Ted D. , Meeks Huong , Fraser Alison , Davidson Lance E. , Holmen John , Newman Michael , Ibele Anna R. , Richards Nathan , Hunt Steven C. , Kim Jaewhan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study incorporated long‐term mortality results after different bariatric surgery procedures and for multiple age at surgery groups.MethodsParticipants with bariatric surgery (surgery) and without (non‐surgery) were matched (1:1) for age, sex, BMI, and surgery date with a driver license application/renewal date. Mortality rates were compared by Cox regression, stratified by sex, surgery type, and age at surgery.ResultsParticipants included 21,837 matched surgery and non‐surgery pairs. Follow‐up was up to 40 years (mean [SD], 13.2 [9.5] years). All‐cause mortality was 16% lower in surgery compared with non‐surgery groups (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79‐0.90; p < 0.001). Significantly lower mortality after bariatric surgery was observed for both females and males. Mortality after surgery versus non‐surgery decreased significantly by 29%, 43%, and 72% for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, respectively. The hazard ratio for suicide was 2.4 times higher in surgery compared with non‐surgery participants (95% CI: 1.57‐3.68; p < 0.001), primarily in participants with ages at surgery between 18 and 34 years.ConclusionsReduced all‐cause mortality was durable for multiple decades, for multiple bariatric surgical procedures, for females and males, and for greater than age 34 years at surgery. Rate of death from suicide was significantly higher in surgery versus non‐surgery participants only in the youngest age at surgery participants.
Analysis of Care and Outcomes for Epistaxis Weekend Admissions
Authors: Cohen David Avery , Thomas Perez Laura Sofia , Chemas‐Velez Maria Manuela , Tseng Christopher C. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Fang Christina H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo study differences in care of patients admitted for epistaxis during the weekend compared to the weekday.Study DesignRetrospective database review.Setting2003 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample.MethodsPatients admitted for a primary diagnosis of epistaxis were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to assess differences in patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes between weekend and weekday admissions.ResultsA total of 39,329 cases were included in our study cohort, with 28,458 weekday admissions and 10,892 weekend admissions. There was no significant difference in patient race, gender, insurance status, hospital ownership status, or location between weekend and weekday admissions (p > .05). Most weekend admissions were emergent (82.2%) and were treated with packing (51.8%). Upon performing logistic regression, the likelihood of emergent admission (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32‐1.51, p < .001) and prolonged length of stay (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05‐1.17, p < .001) was higher for weekend admissions versus weekday admissions. Moreover, odds of packing for epistaxis were significantly higher (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09‐1.19, p < .001) on the weekend, while odds of ligation (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80‐0.97, p = .013) and endovascular arterial embolization (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65‐0.84, p < .001) were lower. There were no significant differences in in‐hospital mortality, patient discharge disposition, and total hospital charges (p > .05).ConclusionPatients primarily admitted for epistaxis over the weekend were more likely to be emergent, experienced prolonged length of stay, and be treated nonoperatively with packing, than weekday admissions. No significant differences in patient insurance or hospital ownership were identified. Level of Evidence: 4.
Detection of Tip Fold‐Over of the Slim Modiolar Electrode Using Intraoperative Mobile Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Inoue Taishi , Tona Yosuke , Okano Takayuki , Omori Koichi , Yamamoto Norio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the importance of mobile cone‐beam computed tomography in detecting tip fold‐over of a slim modiolar electrode within the cochlea during surgery.Study DesignRetrospective case review.SettingTertiary medical center.MethodsFrom January 2020 to June 2022, 33 ears of 30 patients with normal cochlear morphology underwent cochlear implantation with slim modiolar electrodes and intraoperative mobile cone‐beam computed tomography imaging. Furthermore, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records and images.ResultsThe tip fold‐over of the electrodes was detected using mobile cone‐beam computed tomography in 3 out of 33 ears (9.1%). We could not identify the tip fold‐over by scouting plain X‐ray images in 2 out of 3 cases before taking the cone‐beam computed tomography images. Electrode removal and reinsertion were performed before wound closure and the successful reinsertion was confirmed by mobile cone‐beam computed tomography. The folded electrode tips were located at 238.8°, 152°, and 185.8°.ConclusionIntraoperative mobile cone‐beam computed tomography is useful in detecting the tip fold‐over of the slim modiolar electrodes during surgery. Therefore, it was possible to reinsert the electrodes in all cases before closing the wound, eliminating the need for revision surgeries. Moreover, the analysis of mobile cone‐beam computed tomography images may help to elucidate the mechanisms of electrode tip fold‐over.
From science to society to practice? Public reactions to the insect crisis in Germany
Authors: Felgentreff Esther Sophie , Buchholz Sascha , Straka Tanja Maria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The insect crisis, as conservation topic, has historically received little attention among the general public. Yet, the publication “More than 75% decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas” by Hallmann et al. gained vast media coverage in Germany in October 2017. Given the media's known influence on public perception, we investigated (i) whether coverage of this publication increased awareness among the German public for insect die‐off, and (ii) whether it contributed to people's intentions to undertake insect protecting actions.

We used Google Trends to examine people's internet activity in Germany in relation to keywords relevant to our research question.

A high peak in Google searches for insect die‐off (“Insektensterben”) was indeed visible immediately after the study publication, and search volume remained significantly higher for the following 6 months, confirming that the topic gained attention.

Further, searches for the three keywords insect hotel, bee‐friendly and bee meadow (“Insektenhotel”, “bienenfreundlich”, “Bienenweide”) increased significantly over the summers of the years 2017 to 2019. It appears that increased media attention around insect die‐off spurned by the publication of Hallmann et al not only addressed the crisis but also encouraged implementation of simple insect protection measures by the public.

These findings suggest that cooperation between the media, conservation organizations and scientists to disseminate evidence‐based information alongside practical conservation measures may have lasting benefits.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Investigation on the flame retardancy, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin/cyanate ester composites based on mSiO2@ZrPB and DOPO‐HQ
Authors: Wang Wenduo , Cao Zhilin , Wang Zhengzhou 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerein, we fabricated a hybrid (mSiO2@ZrPB) by modifying mesoporous silica (mSiO2) with zirconium N,N′‐piperazine (bismethylene phosphonate) (ZrPB) via a self‐assembly method, and studied the effects of the combination between mSiO2@ZrPB and 10‐(2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐10H‐9‐oxa‐10‐phospha‐phenantbrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO‐HQ) on the curing behavior, flame retardancy, mechanical/thermal properties of epoxy/cyanate (EPCE) copolymer. The EPCE composite containing 8.0 wt% DOPO‐HQ and 2.0 wt% mSiO2@ZrPB reaches UL‐94V‐0 with the highest limiting oxygen index of 30.5%, and exhibits a reduction of 34.1% on the peak heat release rate and a reduction of 26.8% on the total heat release compared with pure EPCE. The flame‐retardant mechanism is mainly attributed to the catalyzing carbonization effect of both DOPO‐HQ and mSiO2@ZrPB in the condensed phase. Moreover, the EPCE composites have improved thermal resistance (i.e., an increase in glass transition temperature). In addition, the tensile and impact strengths of the composite containing 9.0 wt% DOPO‐HQ and 1.0 wt% mSiO2@ZrPB are respectively increased by 19.1% and 18.9%, with respect to those of pure EPCE. Moreover, the EPCE composites exhibit excellent dielectric properties. Additionally, the curing and thermal‐oxidative degradation behaviors of EPCE and its composites were investigated in more detail. The work provides a new strategy for preparation of EPCE composites with excellent comprehensive properties.
Metal‐ion sensor composed of self‐assembled monolayer of amine ligand formed by the use of molecular tripod
Authors: Kitagawa Toshikazu , Hanai Narimi , Kawano Takashi , Tono Ayaka , Tabata Hiroki , Kobayashi Tae , Hirai Katsuyuki , Okazaki Takao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical ion‐sensor performance of the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of 3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine, which is known as a metal ionophore, was examined using a triad composed of ferrocene, an ionophore, and a tripodal trithiol with adamantane core. The voltammetry of the SAM‐modified Au electrode showed a large positive change (280 mV) in the ferrocene oxidation potential via the addition of Pb2+, with a detection limit of 10–6 M. A Langmuir adsorption‐type analysis of the ion binding equilibrium suggested that as much as 70% of the imidazopyridine ligand was actually functioning as a Pb2+ ionophore on the SAM, whereas the rest of the ligand was uncomplexed because of the crowding of the molecules in the SAM. Control experiments using an analogous triad of monothiol revealed a strong advantage in using trithiol; thus, tripod‐shaped anchor is requisite for the ionophore to function well as a sensor.
The association of physician empathy with cancer patient outcomes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lelorain Sophie , Gehenne Lucie , Christophe Véronique , Duprez Christelle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn oncology, research remains unclear as to whether physician empathy is associated with patient outcomes. Our goal was to answer this question and explore potential moderators of the association.MethodsIn this meta‐analysis on adult cancer care, we excluded randomised controlled trials, and studies of survivors without active disease or involving analogue patients. Eight databases were searched, in addition to reference lists of relevant articles and grey literature. Two reviewers independently screened citations, extracted data, assessed risk of bias and graded quality of evidence by using the AXIS tool. Effect size correlations (ESr) were chosen and pooled by using a random effect model. Subgroup analyses were performed, and statistically significant variables were introduced in a meta‐regression. Several methods were used to explore heterogeneity and publication biases.ResultsWe included 55 articles, yielding 55 ESr (n = 12,976 patients). Physician empathy was associated with favourable patient outcomes: ESr = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.18 to 0.27), z = 9.58, p < 0.001. However, heterogeneity was high, as reflected by a large prediction interval, 95% (−0.07 to 0.49) and I2 = 94.5%. The meta‐regression explained 53% of variance. Prospective designs and physician empathy assessed by researchers, compared with patient‐reported empathy, decreased ESr. Bad‐news consultations, compared with all other types of clinical encounters, tended to increase ESr.ConclusionPatient‐reported physician empathy is significantly associated with cancer patient outcomes. However, the high heterogeneity warrants further longitudinal studies to disentangle the conditions under which physician empathy can help patients. Recommendations are proposed for future research.