bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unparalleled Dielectric‐Switching Effects Caused by Dual Polarization Synergy
Authors: Gong Yutie , Zhao Jiayu , Li Zhenzhen , Huang Jing , Zhang Yang , Dong Lijie , Xiong Chuanxi , Jiang Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDielectric switching materials are prospective candidates for smart electronic/electrical applications, and high dielectric switching ratios are crucial for their practical applications. However, the substantial improvement of the dielectric switching ratio is limited by the available dielectric switching mechanisms, and obtaining high dielectric switching ratios is a major challenge. Here, an unparalleled dielectric switching effect is reported in a water‐in‐oil emulsion system, caused by dual polarization synergy below the dielectric transition temperature in concert with suppression of the electrode polarization above the dielectric transition temperature. The synergistic dielectric switching effect of interfacial polarization and electrode polarization endows the emulsion with unprecedentedly high dielectric switching ratios. The highest room temperature dielectric switching ratio of this emulsion system up to 2.86 × 106 at 20 Hz, is four orders of magnitude higher than the highest switching ratio reported so far. The unparalleled high dielectric switching ratio, reliable cycle stability, good frequency adaptability, and satisfactory scalability make the inorganic salt solution/octadecane emulsions potentially excellent candidates for high‐sensitivity room‐temperature smart switching or sensing devices.
Nonlinear Terahertz Generation: Chiral and Achiral Meta‐Atom Coupling
Authors: Wang Qingwei , Zhang Xueqian , Xu Quan , Feng Xi , Lu Yongchang , Niu Li , Chen Xieyu , Plum Eric , Gu Jianqiang , Yang Quanlong , Fang Ming , Huang Zhixiang , Zhang Shuang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGeneration and manipulation of terahertz (THz) waves are of vital importance for advancing THz technology. Nonlinear metasurfaces allow effective integration of both processes into a single compact device. However, such existing THz devices commonly rely on utilizing a single meta‐atom, which has fixed THz generation properties and thus limits the range of achievable functionalities. Here, it is demonstrate how coupling between different meta‐atoms within the unit‐cell can be used as a degree of freedom for controlling nonlinear THz generation, where achiral coupling provides full control over the amplitude of the generated THz field, while chiral coupling makes the THz generation sensitive to the handedness of the pump polarization. In particular, chiral coupling allows the realization of multiplexed pump‐handedness‐selective nonlinear metasurfaces, which is illustrated experimentally by selectively generating THz beams with different orbital angular momentum with a single nonlinear metasurface. This approach provides opportunities for developing various integrated nonlinear THz devices.
FIB‐SEM and ToF‐SIMS Analysis of High‐Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes
Authors: Braig Michael , Deissler Niklas H. , Lüdeking Ildiko , Regnet Fabian , Bevilacqua Nico , Zeis Roswitha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe phosphoric acid (PA) distribution in the electrodes is a crucial factor for the performance of high‐temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT‐PEM FCs). Therefore, understanding and optimizing the electrolyte distribution is vital to maximizing power output and achieving low degradation. Although challenging, tracking the PA in nanometer‐sized pores is essential because most active sites in the commonly used carbon black‐supported catalysts are located in pores below 1 µm. For this study, a cell is operated at 200 mA cm−2 for 5 days. After this break‐in period, the cathode is separated from the membrane electrode assembly and subsequently investigated by cryogenic focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (cryo FIB‐SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). PA is located on the surface and in the bulk of the cathode catalyst layer. In addition, the PA distribution can be successfully linked to the gas diffusion electrode morphology and the binder distribution. The PA preferably invades nanometer‐sized pores and is uniformly distributed in the catalyst layer.
Miniature Transparent Dopamine Sensor Based on Nanosphere Lithography
Authors: Kim Yoojeong , Jang Eunyoung , Lee Youngsun , Oh Chaerin , Kim Kiup , Kook Geon , Kim Mi Kyung , Lee Mi‐Ok , Lee Hyunjoo J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDetection of neurotransmitters for in vitro analysis systems is an essential component in evaluating the integrity and viability of in vitro models of neurodegenerative disorders and the cytotoxicity of drug candidates. Currently, electrochemical analysis such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) is the most widely used method for the detection of neurotransmitters. However, while most in vitro analysis systems are based on optical imaging, electrochemical sensors are non‐transparent and hinder in situ simultaneous cell monitoring. In this work, a highly sensitive miniaturized electrochemical sensor that is also transparent is proposed, which enables simultaneous dopamine detection and in vitro optical assays. The microfabrication process and nanosphere lithography are utilized to fabricate a transparent working electrode. The transparent electrode is functionalized with the overoxidized polypyrrole/sodium dodecyl sulfate‐modified carbon nanotube (OPPy/SDS‐CNT). The detection of DA is successfully demonstrated using the miniaturized transparent sensor. In addition, the PC‐12 cell is cultured in the sensor‐integrated chamber and the cell viability is confirmed on the sensor over 3 days. The proposed miniature transparent sensor is a great candidate for next‐generational multi‐modal in vitro analysis systems.
Long‐term follow‐up of a patient with neonatal form of Gaucher disease
Authors: Gragnaniello Vincenza , Cazzorla Chiara , Gueraldi Daniela , Loro Christian , Massa Pamela , Puma Andrea , Cananzi Mara , Salviati Leonardo , Burlina Alessandro P. , Burlina Alberto B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGaucher disease is the most common of the lysosomal storage diseases. It presents a wide phenotypic continuum, in which one may identify the classically described phenotypes, including type 1 form with visceral involvement, type 2 acute neuropathic early‐infantile form, and type 3 subacute neuronopathic form. At the most severe end there is the perinatal form with onset in utero or during the neonatal period. The very few reported cases of neonatal onset Gaucher disease presented high and early mortality, due to neurological or visceral involvement, including liver failure. We report our experience treating a patient with the neonatal form of Gaucher disease who presented at birth with thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and cholestasis. Despite early enzyme replacement therapy, liver disease was progressive. Liver biopsy showed hepatocellular giant‐cell transformation, a nonspecific finding consistent with inflammation. The lack of response to enzyme replacement therapy and the microscopic findings suggested that mechanisms apart from substrate accumulation and Gaucher cells may play a role in the hepatic pathogenesis in Gaucher disease. An attempt to use corticosteroids at the age of 3 months resulted in a dramatic improvement in liver function and resulted in long‐term survival. The patient is alive and 2 years old at this writing. Our case suggests that inflammatory processes may be important in the early pathogenesis of Gaucher disease and that early use of corticosteroids may open the way to a new therapeutic approach.
The range of publications on arthrogryposis multiplex congenita from 1995 to 2022—A scoping review
Authors: Hermansen My Vuong , Wekre Lena Lande , Lidal Ingeborg B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is defined as “a group of congenital conditions characterized by joint contractures in two or more body areas.” Given its heterogeneity, the definition of AMC has changed multiple times. This scoping review provides an overview of how AMC is defined in scientific publications, on existing knowledge and trends regarding the concept of AMC. Our review illuminates possible knowledge gaps and provides directions for future research. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Quantitative studies on AMC from 1995 to date were included. We summarized information about definitions/descriptions of AMC, study objectives, study designs, methods, funding, and involvement of patient organizations. A total of 2729 references were screened, and 141 articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Our scoping revealed that the majority of publications were cross‐sectional or retrospective studies of children and young people, commonly about orthopedic management. Explicit or good definitions of AMC were provided in 86% of the cases. Recent publications on AMC mostly used consensus‐based definitions. The research gaps were primarily related to adults, aging, etiology, and new medical treatment, in addition to implications on daily life.
High‐Current Capable and Non‐Flammable Protic Organic Electrolyte for Rechargeable Zn Batteries
Authors: Raza Bareera , Zhang Yu , Chen Jiahang , Shamraiz Umair , Zhang Yang , Naveed Ahmad , Wang Jiulin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWiederaufladbare Zinkbatterien (RZBs) gelten aufgrund ihrer zahlreichen Vorteile als potente Konkurrenten für elektrochemische Geräte der nächsten Generation. Dennoch können herkömmliche wässrige Elektrolyte aufgrund der komplexen Reaktionskinetik in wässrigen Systemen durch schnellen Kapazitätsabfall und schlechte Coulomb′sche Effizienz (CE) ernsthafte Gefahren für den langfristigen Batteriebetrieb verursachen. Wir haben hier die neuartige Verwendung des protischen Amid‐Lösungsmittels N‐Methylformamid (NMF) als Zinkbatterie‐Elektrolyt vorgeschlagen, dass eine hohe Dielektrizitätskonstante und einen hohen Flammpunkt besitzt, um gleichzeitig eine schnelle Kinetik und Batteriesicherheit zu fördern. Die dendritenfreie und körnige Zn‐Abscheidung im Zn‐NMF‐Elektrolyten gewährleistet eine ultralange Lebensdauer von 2000 Stunden bei 2.0 mA cm−2/2.0 mAh cm−2, ein hohes CE von 99.57 %, ein breites elektrochemisches Fenster (≈3.43 V vs. Zn2+/Zn) und eine hervorragende Haltbarkeit bis zu 10.0 mAh cm−2. Diese Arbeit wirft ein Licht auf die effiziente Leistung des protischen nichtwässrigen Elektrolyten, der neue Möglichkeiten zur Förderung sicherer und energiedichter RZBs eröffnen wird.
Strong, Supertough and Self‐Healing Biomimetic Layered Nanocomposites Enabled by Reversible Interfacial Polymer Chain Sliding
Authors: Wang Yuyan , Shu Rui , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the remarkable progress in ultrastrong mechanical laminate materials, the simultaneous achievement of toughness, stretchability and self‐healing properties in biomimetic layered nanocomposites remains a great challenge due to the intrinsic limitations of their hard essences and lack of effective stress transfer at the organic‐inorganic fragile boundary. Here, an ultratough nanocomposite laminate is prepared by constructing chain‐sliding cross‐linking at the interface between sulfonated graphene nanosheets and polyurethane layers based on the ring molecules sliding on the linear polymer chains to release stresses. Unlike traditional supramolecular bonding toughening with limited sliding spacing, our strategy enables interfacial molecular chains reversible slippage when the inorganic nanosheets bear stretching force, providing sufficient interlayer spatial distance for relative sliding to dissipate more energy. The resulting laminates exhibit strong strength (22.33 MPa), supertoughness (219.08 MJ m−3), ultrahigh stretchability (>1900 %) and self‐healing ability (99.7 %), which far surpass most of reported synthetic and natural laminate materials. Moreover, the fabricated proof‐of‐concept electronic skin shows excellent flexibility, sensitivity and healability for human physiological signals monitoring. This strategy breaks through the challenge that traditional layered nanocomposites are intrinsically stiff and opens up the functional application of layered nanocomposites in flexible devices.
Infrared spectroscopy for ploidy estimation: An example in two species of Veronica using fresh and herbarium specimens
Authors: Buono Daniele , Albach Dirk C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPremisePolyploidy has become a central factor in plant evolutionary biological research in recent decades. Methods such as flow cytometry have revealed the widespread occurrence of polyploidy; however, its inference relies on expensive lab equipment and is largely restricted to fresh or recently dried material.MethodsHere, we assess the applicability of infrared spectroscopy to infer ploidy in two related species of Veronica (Plantaginaceae). Infrared spectroscopy relies on differences in the absorbance of tissues, which could be affected by primary and secondary metabolites related to polyploidy. We sampled 33 living plants from the greenhouse and 74 herbarium specimens with ploidy known through flow cytometrical measurements and analyzed the resulting spectra using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and neural network (NNET) classifiers.ResultsLiving material of both species combined was classified with 70% (DAPC) to 75% (NNET) accuracy, whereas herbarium material was classified with 84% (DAPC) to 85% (NNET) accuracy. Analyzing both species separately resulted in less clear results.DiscussionInfrared spectroscopy is quite reliable but is not a certain method for assessing intraspecific ploidy level differences in two species of Veronica. More accurate inferences rely on large training data sets and herbarium material. This study demonstrates an important way to expand the field of polyploid research to herbaria.
Comparative Effectiveness of Rituximab‐ Versus Cyclophosphamide‐Based Remission Induction Strategies in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis for the Risk of Kidney Failure and Mortality
Authors: Wallace Zachary S. , Fu Xiaoqing , Cook Claire , Ahola Catherine , Williams Zachary , Doliner Brett , Hanberg Jennifer S. , Stone John H. , Zhang Yuqing , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo compare rituximab‐ versus cyclophosphamide‐based remission induction strategies for the long‐term risks of kidney failure and death in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) in a real‐world cohort.MethodsWe performed a cohort study using the Mass General Brigham AAV Cohort, which includes proteinase 3–ANCA+ and myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐ANCA+ AAV patients diagnosed from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2019. We included cases in which the initial remission induction strategy was based either on rituximab or cyclophosphamide. The primary outcome was the composite outcome of kidney failure or death. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score–matched analyses to assess the association of rituximab‐ versus cyclophosphamide‐based treatment strategies with the composite outcome of kidney failure or death.ResultsOf 595 included patients, 352 patients (~60%) received rituximab‐based and 243 patients (~40%) received cyclophosphamide‐based regimens. The mean age was 61 years, 58% of patients were female, 70% of patients were MPO‐ANCA+, and 69% of patients had renal involvement (median estimated glomerular filtration rate 37.3 ml/minute/1.73 m2). There were 133 events at 5 years, and the incidence rates in rituximab‐ and cyclophosphamide‐based regimens were 6.8 and 6.1 per 100 person‐years, respectively. The risk of kidney failure or death was similar in both groups in multivariable‐adjusted analyses (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.55–1.93]) and in propensity score–matched analyses (HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.55–1.99]) at 5 years. Our findings were similar when outcomes were assessed at 1 and 2 years as well as in subgroups stratified according to renal involvement and severity as well as major organ involvement.ConclusionRituximab‐ and cyclophosphamide‐based remission induction strategies for AAV are associated with similar risks of kidney failure and death.
Higher Genetic Risk Loads Confer More Diverse Manifestations and Higher Risk of Lupus Nephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kwon Young‐Chang , Ha Eunji , Kwon Hyuk‐Hee , Park Dae Jin , Shin Jung‐Min , Joo Young Bin , Chung Won Tae , Yoo Dae‐Hyun , Lee Hye‐Soon , Kim Kwangwoo , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Bang So‐Young 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heritable complex disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. In this study, we aimed to identify the genetic risk load using clinical and serological manifestations in SLE patients.MethodsWe genotyped a total of 1,655 Korean patients with SLE (n = 1,243 as a discovery set and n = 412 as a replication set) using a customized genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, KoreanChip. A weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) for an individual was calculated from 112 well‐validated non‐HLA SNPs and HLA haplotypes of SLE‐risk loci. We analyzed associations between individual wGRS and clinical SLE subphenotypes and autoantibodies using multivariable linear or logistic regression adjusted by onset age, sex, and disease duration.ResultsChildhood‐onset SLE (<16 years) conferred the highest genetic risk compared with adult‐onset (16–50 years) or late‐onset (>50 years) SLE (P = 6.8 × 10−6). High wGRS significantly increased associations with SLE manifestations, regardless of onset age, sex, and disease duration. Individual wGRS significantly correlated positively with more clinical American College of Rheumatology criteria (β = 0.143, P = 1.8 × 10−6). Subphenotype analysis revealed significant associations between the highest and lowest wGRS quartile with risk of renal disorder (hazard ratio [HR] 1.74, P = 2.2 × 10−8) and anti–Sm antibody production (HR 1.85, P = 2.8 × 10−5). Higher wGRS markedly modulated the pathogenesis of proliferative and membranous lupus nephritis class III or IV (HR 1.98, P = 1.6 × 10−5) and class V (HR 2.79, P = 1.0 × 10−3), but especially lupus nephritis class V in anti–Sm‐positive SLE (area under the curve 0.68, P = 1.8 × 10−4).ConclusionPatients with SLE and high wGRS tended to have earlier age of SLE onset, higher anti–Sm antibody positivity, and more diverse clinical phenotypes. Genetic profiling may predict high risk for lupus nephritis and a diverse clinical course in SLE patients.
Mechanoresponsive Fluorescence On‐off Switching of Two‐component Emitters Composed of Mechanochromically Luminescent Dyes and Non‐emissive Pigments
Authors: Kubota Rikuto , Takahashi Shohei , Nagai Sayaka , Ito Suguru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganic emitters capable of changing their luminescence properties in response to mechanical stimuli have recently attracted considerable attention. While mechanoresponsive switching of luminescence color has been widely investigated, there are only a limited examples regarding the on‐off luminescence intensity switching by mechanical stimulation. Consequently, rational design guidelines for mechanoresponsive switching of luminescence intensity have not been established. Herein, on‐off luminescence switching has been achieved by two‐component organic emitters composed of phenanthroimidazolylbenzothiadiazoles, which exhibit mechanochromic luminescence (MCL), and non‐emissive pigments. In these two‐component emitters, the emission color can be tuned by changing the MCL dye, and the apparent color under room light can be modulated by changing the non‐emissive pigment. Moreover, we have demonstrated the encryption and decryption of luminescent displays by using the two‐component emitter. The present two‐component strategy is expected to serve as a useful method for developing advanced mechanoresponsive luminescent materials.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3‐Chromonyl‐Substituted Glycine Imino Esters with Arylidenes and in situ Diastereodivergent via Retrocycloaddition
Authors: Radwan Mohammed F. , Elboray Elghareeb E. , Dardeer Hemat M. , Kobayashi Yusuke , Furuta Takumi , Hamada Shohei , Dohi Toshifumi , Aly Moustafa F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition through in situ generation of azomethine ylide provides a straightforward and critically important sustainable approach for access to diverse pyrrolidine chemical space. Herein, we developed a metal‐free AcOH‐activated 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition protocol that permits the synthesis of uncommon pyrrolidine cycloadducts with excellent diastereoselectivity. The challenging substrates of 3‐formylchromone, glycine ester.HCl and arylidene dipolarophile were reacted in the presence of AcONa, which played a dual role as a base and AcOH source, to deliver firstly endo‐cycloadduct. Under prolonged reaction time at room temperature or heating; the endo‐adduct underwent diastereodivergent via a sequence of retro‐cycloaddition, stereomutation of the generated syn‐dipole into anti‐dipole and recycloaddition; to furnish the scarcely known exo′‐cycloadduct with high diastereodivergency. The reaction worked well with a broad range of substrates and the stereochemistry of the obtained cycloadducts was determined without ambiguity using NMR‐ and X‐ray analysis. Experimental and theoretical DFT calculation studies were performed to support the proposed reaction mechanism and elucidate the key role of AcOH in the process which seems more beneficial than other transition metal‐catalyzed processes.
Preclinical development of a novel Group B Streptococcus (GBS) vaccine candidate for maternal immunization based upon the alpha‐like protein family of GBS surface proteins (Alp)
Authors: Banks Christopher , Lindbom Bengt J. , Kitson Geoff , Darsley Michael , Fischer Per B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA novel Group B Streptococcus (GBS) vaccine, based upon the GBS alpha‐like surface proteins, is being developed by MinervaX for administration to pregnant women. The vaccine is intended to generate antibodies (IgG) capable of crossing the placenta, in order to passively immunize the baby and provide protection in utero and up to 3 months after birth. An initial vaccine candidate, GBS‐NN (based on the N‐terminal domains of Rib and AlphaC surface proteins) was replaced, due to insufficient cross‐reactivity with the two other N‐terminal proteins (Alp1 and Alp2/3), by a modified vaccine candidate designated GBS‐NN/NN2 that included all four AlpNs. Preclinical studies raised no safety concerns and the subsequent Phase I clinical trial demonstrated that the vaccine was well tolerated and strongly immunogenic. As the vaccine is intended for use during pregnancy for maternal immunization, an embryofetal study in rats and a fertility and embryofetal study in rabbits were performed, in both cases using GBS‐NN/NN2. Vaccination of female rats or rabbits did not adversely affect embryofetal development or survival in either species, or mating or fertility in rabbits. In both studies, the pregnant animals developed immune responses to GBS‐NN and GBS‐NN2 proteins and concentrations of antibodies to both fusion proteins were detected in the fetuses and in the amniotic fluid. Data generated during these reproductive studies indicated a suitable safety margin (approximately 40‐fold clinical dose) considered appropriate to support a subsequent human trial of GBS‐NN/NN2 administered in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.