bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles from Olea europaea (Common Olive) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation
Authors: Al-Momani Hafez , Al Balawi Dua’a , Hamed Saja , Albiss Borhan Aldeen , Almasri Muna , AlGhawrie Hadeel , Ibrahim Lujain , Al Balawi Hadeel , Al Haj Mahmoud Sameer , Pearson Jeffrey , Ward Christopher 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is a limitation in the range of effectual antibiotics due to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection due to its innate antimicrobial resistance. Researchers have therefore been concentrating their efforts to discover advanced and cost effective antibacterial agents among the ever-increasing PA bacterial resistance strains. It has been discovered that various nanoparticles can be employed as antimicrobial agents. Here, we evaluated the antibacterial properties of the Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which was biosynthesized, being examined on six hospital strains of PA alongside a reference strain (ATCC 27853). A chemical approach was applied to biosynthesize the ZnO NPs from Olea europaea was performed, and confirmed by using X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopes. The nanoparticles then applied their antibacterial properties to examine them against six clinically isolated PA strains alongside the reference strain. This process tested for the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The Growth, biofilm formation and eradication were analyzed. The influence of the differentiating degrees ZnO NPs in regard to Quorom sensing gene expression were further examined. The ZnO NPs exhibited a crystalline size and diameter (Dc) of 40–60 nm and both the MIC and MBC tests revealed positive outcomes of concentrations of 3 and 6 mg/ml for each PA strain, respectively. At sub inhibitory concentration, The ZnO NPs were found to significantly inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of all PA strains and decreases in the biomass and metabolic behavior of PA established biofilms; these decreases varied depending on the dosage. At ZnO NPs concentrations of 900 µg/ml, the expression of majority of quorum sensing genes of all strains were significantly reduced, at ZnO NPs concentrations of 300 µg/ml, few genes were significantly impacted. In conclusion, the treatment of PA and could be other antibiotic resistant bacteria can therefore be approached by using ZnO NPs as it has been uncovered that they withhold advanced antibacterial properties.
Effect of oxidation at an elevated temperature on the evolution of phases, microstructure, and properties of the oxide films formed on the surface of TiZr
Authors: Chang Shih-Hang , Li Zong-Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examined the evolution of the microstructure, microhardness, corrosion resistance, and selective leaching properties of oxide films formed on the surface of a Ti–50Zr (%) alloy during heat treatment at 600 °C for various time intervals. According to our experimental results, the growth and evolution of oxide films can be divided into three stages. In stage I (heat treatment for less than 2 min), ZrO2 was first formed on the surface of the TiZr alloy, which slightly improved its corrosion resistance. In stage II (heat treatment for 2–10 min), the initially generated ZrO2 is gradually transformed into ZrTiO4 from the top to the bottom of the surface layer. The formation of ZrTiO4 significantly improves the microhardness and corrosion resistance of the alloy. In stage III (heat treatment for more than 10 min), microcracks appeared and propagated on the surface of the ZrTiO4 film, deteriorating the surface properties of the alloy. The ZrTiO4 began to peel off after heat treatment for more than 60 min. The untreated and heat-treated TiZr alloys exhibited excellent selective leaching properties in Ringer’s solution, whereas a trace amount of suspended ZrTiO4 oxide particles formed in the solution after soaking the 60 min heat-treated TiZr alloy for 120 days. Surface modification of the TiZr alloy by generating an intact ZrTiO4 oxide film effectively improved its microhardness and corrosion resistance; however, oxidation should be performed appropriately to obtain materials with optimal properties for biomedical applications.
Possible contribution of phosphate to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease in dolphins
Authors: Jahan Nourin , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Kaneko Kiyoko , Rahman Asadur , Nishiyama Takeshi , Koizumi Makoto , Yamanaka Shuichiro , Kitada Kento , Sugiura Yuki , Matsui Kenji , Yokoo Takashi , Hamano Takayuki , Kuro-o Makoto , Itou Takuya , Suzuki Miwa , Ueda Keiichi , Nishiyama Akira 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether phosphate contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dolphins. Renal necropsy tissue of an aged captive dolphin was analyzed and in vitro experiments using cultured immortalized dolphin proximal tubular (DolKT-1) cells were performed. An older dolphin in captivity died of myocarditis, but its renal function was within the normal range until shortly before death. In renal necropsy tissue, obvious glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes were not observed except for renal infarction resulting from myocarditis. However, a computed tomography scan showed medullary calcification in reniculi. Micro area X-ray diffractometry and infrared absorption spectrometry showed that the calcified areas were primarily composed of hydroxyapatite. In vitro experiments showed that treatment with both phosphate and calciprotein particles (CPPs) resulted in cell viability loss and lactate dehydrogenase release in DolKT-1 cells. However, treatment with magnesium markedly attenuated this cellular injury induced by phosphate, but not by CPPs. Magnesium dose-dependently decreased CPP formation. These data support the hypothesis that continuous exposure to high phosphate contributes to the progression of CKD in captive-aged dolphins. Our data also suggest that phosphate-induced renal injury is mediated by CPP formation in dolphins, and it is attenuated by magnesium administration.
Risk assessment of human exposure to airborne pesticides in rural greenhouses
Authors: Hu Yuzhao , Wu Shuai , Lyu Wei , Ning Jun , She Dongmei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn comparison to an open field, greenhouses utilize much more pesticides. The non-occupational exposure risk caused by pesticide drift is unknown. In this study, within 8 months (from March 2018 to October 2018), air samples were collected from indoor and outdoor houses and public areas near greenhouses in vegetable growing areas (eggplant, leek, garlic, etc.), and qualitative and quantitative analyses of pesticides were carried out. Using a 95% confidence interval, six pesticides (acetamiprid, difenoconazole, thiazophos, isoprocarb, malathion, and pyridaben) were detected. The results of the safety assessment showed that the non-cancer exposure risk of single pesticides for all residents in the agricultural areas was within the acceptable range, and the excess lifetime cancer risk of all residents inhaling difenoconazole exceeded 1E−6, and the agricultural region urgently needs increased cancer regulatory scrutiny. But combined toxicity of six pesticides not evaluated due to lack of suitable data. Comparison with open field scenes, the results show that pesticide levels to airborne are lower in greenhouse regions.
An adversarial training framework for mitigating algorithmic biases in clinical machine learning
Authors: Yang Jenny , Soltan Andrew A. S. , Eyre David W. , Yang Yang , Clifton David A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMachine learning is becoming increasingly prominent in healthcare. Although its benefits are clear, growing attention is being given to how these tools may exacerbate existing biases and disparities. In this study, we introduce an adversarial training framework that is capable of mitigating biases that may have been acquired through data collection. We demonstrate this proposed framework on the real-world task of rapidly predicting COVID-19, and focus on mitigating site-specific (hospital) and demographic (ethnicity) biases. Using the statistical definition of equalized odds, we show that adversarial training improves outcome fairness, while still achieving clinically-effective screening performances (negative predictive values >0.98). We compare our method to previous benchmarks, and perform prospective and external validation across four independent hospital cohorts. Our method can be generalized to any outcomes, models, and definitions of fairness.
From Recognizing Known Words to Learning New Ones: Comparing Online Speech Processing in Typically Developing and Late-Talking 2-Year-Olds
Authors: LaTourrette Alexander , Waxman Sandra , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Norton Elizabeth S. , Weisleder Adriana 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
This study examines online speech processing in typically developing and late-talking 2-year-old children, comparing both groups' word recognition, word prediction, and word learning.

Method:

English-acquiring U.S. children, from the “When to Worry” study of language and social–emotional development, were identified as typical talkers (
n
= 67,
M
age
= 27.0 months,
SD
= 1.4; Study 1) or late talkers (
n
= 30,
M
age
= 27.0 months,
SD
= 2.0; Study 2). Children completed an eye-tracking task assessing their ability to recognize both nouns and verbs, to use verbs to predict an upcoming noun's referent, and to use verbs to infer the meaning of novel nouns.

Results:
Both typical and late talkers recognized nouns and verbs and used familiar verbs to predict the referents of upcoming nouns, whether the noun was familiar (“You can eat the apple”) or novel (“You can eat the dax”). Late talkers were slower in using familiar nouns to orient to the target and were both slower and less accurate in using familiar verbs to identify the upcoming noun's referent. Notably, however, both groups learned and retained novel word meanings with similar success.

Conclusions:
Late talkers demonstrated slower lexical processing, especially for verbs. Yet, their success in using familiar verbs to learn novel nouns suggests that, as a group, their slower processing did not impair word learning in this task. This sets the foundation for future work investigating whether these measures predict later language outcomes and can differentiate late talkers with transient delays from those with language disorders.
New methods and functionalities for railway maintenance through a draisine prototype based on RADAR sensors
Authors: Gomez‐Jauregui Valentin , Agustín Javier , Badolato Alejandro , del‐Castillo‐Igareda Jesús , Bobi Juan de Dios Sanz , Carrera‐Monterde Ana , Manchado Cristina , Otero César 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInspection of the railway tracks requires relying on a precise positioning system that accurately determines the location of potential failures and deficiencies. Therefore, measuring the speed and precise location of rail vehicles is essential. Many methods and approaches have been proposed, but most of them lack several conditions that do not allow them to be optimal for this task. In this paper, the authors present a novel method for measuring the speed of a train by means of the time correlation approach, by using 2‐mm wave radar sensors. Additionally, it is also an accurate positioning system because the authors prove that the track has a unique profile, sufficiently characteristic and stable over time, that serves as a distinctive signature, which can be used to locate the vehicle at any point on that track. As a result, this new methodology, combined with a laser profilometer device, can be used as an effective inspection system for cracks or deficiencies in the rails, sleepers, fastenings, bolts etc., locating them precisely on the railway track.
Aspect ratios of far-infrared and H I filaments in the diffuse interstellar medium at high Galactic latitudes
Authors: Kalberla P. M. W. , Haud U. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Dusty magnetized structures observable in the far-infrared (FIR) at high Galactic latitudes are ubiquitous and found to be closely related to H I filaments with coherent velocity structures.
Aims. Considering dimensionless morphological characteristics based on Minkowski functionals, we determine the distribution of filamentarities ℱ and aspect ratios 𝒜 for these structures.
Methods. Our data are based on Planck FIR and HI4PI H I observations. Filaments have previously been extracted by applying the Hessian operator. We trace individual filamentary structures along the plane of the sky and determine 𝒜 and ℱ.
Results. Filaments in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) are seldom isolated structures, but are rather part of a network of filaments with a well-defined, continuous distribution in 𝒜 and ℱ. This distribution is self-replicating, and the merger or disruption of individual filamentary structures leads only to a repositioning of the filament in 𝒜 and ℱ without changing the course of the distribution.
Conclusions. FIR and H I filaments identified at high Galactic latitudes are a close match to model expectations for narrow filaments with approximately constant widths. This distribution is continuous without clear upper limits on the observed aspect ratios. Filaments are associated with enhanced column densities of CO-dark H2. Radial velocities along the filaments are coherent and mostly linear with typical dispersions of ∆υLSR = 5.24 km s−1. The magnetic field strength in the diffuse turbulent ISM scales with hydrogen volume density as B ∝ nH0.58. At high Galactic latitudes, we determine an average turbulent magnetic field strength of 〈δB〉 = 5.3 µG and an average mean strength of the magnetic field in the plane of the sky of 〈BPOS〉 = 4.4 µG.
Rauchen – Wissenswertes über Tabak und alternative Produkte
Authors: Urlbauer Matthias 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungTabakrauchen ist weltweit die häufigste vermeidbare Ursache für Krankheit und vorzeitigen Tod. Rauchen ist keine Life-Style-Entscheidung oder nur eine (schlechte) Angewohnheit. Es ist eine
chronische Krankheit, die viele Erkrankungen mitverursacht und aggraviert. Durch das psychoaktive Nikotin ist Rauchen zusätzlich eine Suchterkrankung. Bei der Strategie zur Harm Reduction
sollen Raucher die Tabakzigarette durch alternative nikotinhaltige Produkte („Alternative Nicotine Delivery Products“), wie die E-Zigarette oder Tabakerhitzer (Heat-not-burn-Produkte),
ersetzen. Tabakkonzerne bewerben im Rahmen ihrer Marketingstrategie diese Produkte mit einer Schadstoffreduktion um 95%. Jedoch stehen unabhängige Forschungen und Langzeitergebnisse
diesbezüglich aus. Raucher, die zu derartigen Produkten wechseln, sind durch die fortbestehende Nikotinabhängigkeit weiterhin langfristig den Belastungen durch (kardio)toxische und
karzinogene Substanzen ausgesetzt. Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen dieser inhalativen Noxen werden dargestellt, wobei die Heat-not-burn-Produkte eine Mittelstellung zwischen der
schädlichsten Tabakzigarette und den (möglicherweise) weniger gesundheitsschädlichen E-Zigaretten einnehmen. Das Fortbestehen einer (wenn auch reduzierten) kontinuierlichen Exposition in
Verbindung mit einer Nikotinabhängigkeit ist keine Alternative zu einer professionellen evidenzbasierten multimodalen Tabakentwöhnung, die endlich flächendeckend (auch in Deutschland)
angeboten werden muss. Ziel sollte der komplette Verzicht auf inhalative Noxen sein, ohne jegliche Toleranz für die Marketingstrategien der Tabakkonzerne.
Stärkung der Prävention: von der Früherkennung bis zur qualifizierten Nachsorge
Authors: Wienbergen Harm , Hambrecht Rainer 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungAktuelle Versorgungsstudien zeigen eine alarmierende Zunahme lebensstilassoziierter kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren (wie Adipositas und körperliche Inaktivität) in der Bevölkerung; eine
Verstärkung dieser Entwicklung ist durch die Coronapandemie zu befürchten. Aufklärungsmaßnahmen (insbesondere in Bevölkerungsschichten mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status) sowie
konsequentes politische Handeln (z. B. beim Nichtraucherschutz oder bei der Steuerung von Ernährungsverhalten) sind deshalb von großer Wichtigkeit.Für die Risikostratifikation und Früherkennung von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen bei einzelnen Personen empfehlen die aktuellen europäischen Leitlinien SCORE2 unter Beachtung von
Risikomodifikatoren (Bildgebung mit Karotis-Ultraschall oder Kardio-CT, psychosoziale und ethnische Faktoren, Begleiterkrankungen). Zukünftig werden voraussichtlich deutlich komplexere
Methoden der Risikostratifikation zur Verfügung stehen (insbesondere Genetik und künstliche Intelligenz), die aber derzeit noch nicht für den Routineeinsatz empfohlen werden.In der Nachsorge von Patienten mit manifesten Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen besteht ein großer Verbesserungsbedarf zur nachhaltigen Einstellung der Risikofaktoren. Aktuelle Studien haben die
Effektivität von intensiven Langzeit-Präventions-Programmen nachgewiesen, die durch Präventions-Assistent*innen mit ärztlicher Supervision durchgeführt werden. Deshalb wurde im letzten Jahr
ein deutschlandweit standardisiertes Curriculum zur Ausbildung von kardiovaskulären Präventions-Assistent*innen eingeführt, die nun in der Praxis die präventivmedizinische Nachsorge der
Patienten*innen verbessern können.
Körperliche Aktivität/Sport – Auswirkung unterschiedlicher Trainingsformen und -intensitäten auf das Herz
Authors: Schmied Christian 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung„Das Sport-Paradox“ beschreibt die Ambivalenz zwischen einerseits klar evidenzbasierten gesundheitlichen Vorteilen des regelmäßigen Sporttreibens und andererseits der ebenso unumstrittenen
gesundheitlichen Nachteile, die der Sport mit sich bringen kann.Mindestens 30 Minuten moderate körperliche Belastung (bei Kindern 60 Minuten), an mindesten 5 Tagen pro Woche sind notwendig, um die gesundheitlichen Vorteile zu erreichen. Das
Herz-Kreislaufsystem unterliegt dabei, bei regelmäßigem intensiven, vor allem dynamischem Ausdauertraining physiologischen Adapationen, welche von verschiedenen weiteren Faktoren abhängen.
Während die exzentrische Hypertrophie des linken Ventrikels, in der Regel, reversibel ist, zeigt sich die „right ventricular fatigue“, bei entsprechender genetischer Belastung teilweise
progredient. Dilatation und Fibrosierung der Vorhöfe führen zu einem erhöhten Risiko für ein Vorhofflimmern und auch eine häufig klinisch asymptomatische Dilatation der Aorta oder eine durch
chronischen Stress bedingte Koronarsklerose können potenziell schwerwiegende Folgen mit sich bringen. Umso entscheidender sind individuelle und spezifische Trainingsempfehlungen.
Weiterentwickelte zielgruppenorientierte Influenzaimpfstoffe – Neue Evidenz zeigt höhere Effektivität bei älteren Erwachsenen
Authors: Frühwein Markus , Schelling Jörg , Wahle Klaus , Beier Dietmar , Kwetkat Anja , Schwarz Tino F. 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie saisonale Influenza verursacht eine signifikante Krankheitslast in der deutschen
Bevölkerung und geht mit hohen volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten einher. Personen ab 60 Jahren sind
aufgrund von Immunseneszenz und chronischen Erkrankungen besonders gefährdet und machen einen
Großteil der influenzaassoziierten Hospitalisierungen und Todesfälle aus. Adjuvantierter,
Hochdosis-, rekombinanter und zellbasierter Influenzaimpfstoff wurden entwickelt, um die
Effektivität im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Impfstoffen zu verbessern. Neueste
Beobachtungsstudien zeigen eine bessere Effektivität des adjuvantierten Impfstoffs gegenüber
herkömmlichen Impfstoffen und eine ähnliche Effektivität wie der Hochdosis-Impfstoff bei
älteren Erwachsenen. Einige Länder berücksichtigten die neue Evidenz bereits in ihren
Impfempfehlungen für die aktuelle oder frühere Saisons. Auch in Deutschland sollte die
Verfügbarkeit der Impfstoffe für ältere Erwachsene sichergestellt sein, um einen hohen
Impfschutz zu garantieren.
Development of Silicon Nanowire Array–Metal Hybrid Catalysts for Batch and Flow Organic Reactions
Authors: Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Baek Heeyoel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of highly efficient and reusable supported metal catalysts is important for academic and industrial synthetic organic chemistry; however, their widespread application remains a challenge because supported Pd, Rh, and Pt catalysts are expensive. To overcome these problems, we have developed novel, highly stable, reusable, and selective heterogeneous catalysts consisting of silicon nanowire arrays (SiNAs) and metal nanoparticle composites. Metal nanoparticles on SiNA have been applied as heterogeneous catalysts in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction, C–H arylation, hydrosilylation, hydrogenation, reductive alkylation of amines, and hydrogenative decarboxylation of fatty acids. The catalysts used in this study showed high catalytic activity in batch and microflow conditions. Their structural investigation using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) suggests that strong metallic bonding (alloy/agglomeration) between the metal and silicon (metal silicide bond formation) is key to the high catalyst stability.1	Introduction2	Development of Silicon Nanowire Array (SiNA) Hybrid Catalysts and Silicon Nanostructure (SiNS) Hybrid Catalysts3	Application of SiNA-Pd to Organic Synthesis4	SINA-Supported Mono- and Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Hydrogenation Reactions5	Application of SiNA-Pd to Microflow Reductive Alkylation Reactions6	Application of SiNA-Rh to Hydrogenative Decarboxylation Reactions using Microwave Irradiation7	Conclusions
The Predictors of Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Endoscopic Endonasal Pituitary Surgery: The Role of Tumor Volume
Authors: Cetinalp Nuri Eralp , Tarkan Ozgür , Akkuş Gamze , Ozsoy Kerem Mazhar , Yildirim Dogu Cihan , Seydaoglu Gulsah , Oktay Kadir , Erman Tahsin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (Po-CSF) leak is still a challenging complication of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. However, data describing the predictive factors of Po-CSF leak in pure pituitary adenomas is lacking. Aim of this study is to determine the risk factors of Po-CSF leak in a pituitary adenoma group operated via pure transsellar endoscopic approach.
Design This is a retrospective cohort study.
Setting A single-center academic hospital.
Participants Patients operated for a pituitary adenoma between 2015 and 2021 and followed up until June 2022 were included.
Main Outcome Measures Demographics, comorbidities, imaging, and outcome were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of Po-CSF leak.
Results Of the total 170 patients with a mean age of 47.5 ± 13.8 (min: 15; max: 80), 11 (6.5%) had Po-CSF leak. Univariate analysis revealed age, diabetes mellitus (DM), and tumor volume as predictors of Po-CSF leak. According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis, 7.5 cm3 of tumor volume was found to be a good cutoff value with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 75%. Hence, multivariable logistic regression model adjusted by age showed that a tumor volume of > 7.5 cm3 (odds ratio [OR]: 22.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8–135.9, p = 0.001) and DM (OR: 8.9; 95% CI: 1.7–46.5; p = 0.010) are strong independent risk factors of Po-CSF leak in pure endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery.
Conclusion Besides younger age and DM, a cutoff value for tumor volume > 7.5 cm3 is the most remarkable risk factor for Po-CSF leak in pure endoscopic pituitary surgery. These patients should carefully be assessed preoperatively and potential preemptive surgical strategies should be taken into consideration to avoid complications.