bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences of Enamel Microhardness Post External Bleaching After Application with Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Phosphate (CPP-ACP) and 5% Sodium Fluoride (NAF)
Authors: Irmaleny Irmaleny , Prisinda Diani , Susilo Marietta 
Published: February 2023

Background
Bleaching is an effort to lighten the color of teeth through application of chemicals. One of the side effects of bleaching is that it cause demineralization so that the hardness of the enamel will decrease. The hardness of the enamel can be returned back through mineral laying process, namely remineralization.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in post-bleaching enamel hardness after Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Phosphate (CPP-ACP) or 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) application.

Method:
In this in-vitro research bleaching was applied to 30 lower premolars that were divided into three groups, the first group without remineralization, the second group remineralization with CPP-ACP, and the third group remineralization with NAF. Enamel microhardness was measured using Vickers Hardness Tester Machine before bleaching, immediately after bleaching, after application of remineralization pastes, and after 7 days. The teeth were bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide and underwent remineralization for 7 days.

Results:
The results showed differences in enamel microhardness after using CPP-ACP or 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) application and the highest post-bleaching enamel hardness was after 5% NaF application. The data were analyzed and tested using ANOVA to measure the differences in hardness between more than 2 groups, and using the post hoc student t-test to measure the differences in violence between the 2 groups. Natural remineralization can occur with saliva but not optimally; therefore, additional remineralizing agents are needed.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of this study was that 5% NaF used as remineralization agent after in-vitro bleaching could increase enamel microhardness more than CPP-ACP, after 7 days of application.
A Review of Digital Watermarking Approaches for Forensic Applications
Authors: Sinhal Rishi , Ansari Irshad Ahmad , Verma Om Prakash 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
There has been remarkable growth in the digital domain. This has led to the production
of a huge amount of digital data in the form of text messages, documents, audio/speech signals,
digital images, videos, etc. In forensics, digital information (i.e., images of crime scenes, etc.) is
very important to examine cases and collect the proof regarding the incident. This further leads to
judge the victims and culprits by the court for appropriate actions. So, even a slight change (intentional/
unintentional) may lead to the wrong judgement. Several digital signal processing tools are
easily available to process this type of digital data, which means data may get disrupted, altered, or
deform in such a way that the authenticity gets compromised. In such cases, it can be difficult to
recognize the source information as well as to check the originality/intactness of the digital data. In
the recent past, several techniques have come into existence to protect digital data against security
issues. Steganography, cryptography, and watermarking are examples of security techniques,
which have been widely used for data security and forensic applications for a long time. Specifically,
digital watermarking techniques provide many useful features to help users regarding data
security and authentication without affecting other data characteristics. This work is an attempt to
provide a review of recent digital image watermarking approaches for forensic applications.
Perceptions of Using Instant Messaging Apps for Alcohol Reduction Intervention Among University Student Drinkers: Semistructured Interview Study With Chinese University Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Chau Siu Long , Wong Yiu Cheong , Zeng Ying Pei , Lee Jung Jae , Wang Man Ping 
Published: February 2023

Background
Mobile instant messaging (IM) apps (eg, WhatsApp and WeChat) have been widely used by the general population and are more interactive than text-based programs (SMS text messaging) to modify unhealthy lifestyles. Little is known about IM app use for health promotion, including alcohol reduction for university students.

Objective
This study aims to explore university student drinkers' perceptions of using IM apps for alcohol reduction as they had high alcohol exposure (eg, drinking invitations from peers and alcohol promotion on campus) and the proportion of IM app use in Hong Kong.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted with 20 Hong Kong Chinese university students (current drinkers) with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification test scores of ≥8 recruited using purposive sampling. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted from September to October 2019. Interview questions focused on drinking behaviors, quitting history, opinions toward IM app use as an intervention tool, perceived usefulness of IM apps for alcohol reduction, and opinions on the content and design of IM apps for alcohol reduction. Each interview lasted approximately 1 hour. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers independently analyzed the transcripts using thematic analysis with an additional investigator to verify the consistency of the coding.

Results
Participants considered IM apps a feasible and acceptable platform for alcohol reduction intervention. They preferred to receive IMs based on personalized problem-solving and drinking consequences with credible sources. Other perceived important components of instant messages included providing psychosocial support in time and setting goals with participants to reduce drinking. They further provided suggestions on the designs of IM interventions, in which they preferred simple and concise messages, chat styles based on participants' preferences (eg, adding personalized emojis and stickers in the chat), and peers as counselors.

Conclusions
Qualitative interviews with Chinese university student drinkers showed high acceptability, engagement, and perceived utility of IM apps for alcohol reduction intervention. IM intervention can be an alternative for alcohol reduction intervention apart from traditional text-based programs. The study has implications for developing the IM intervention for other unhealthy behaviors and highlights important topics that warrant future research, including substance use and physical inactivity.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04025151; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04025151?term=NCT04025151
Effects of Bioactive Pulp-capping Materials on Cell Viability, Differentiation, and Mineralization Behaviors of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro
Authors: Gungor AS , Durmus E , Kurt BZ , Kocyigit A , Dalkilic E , Arisu HD 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARY

Purpose
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of bioactive pulp-capping materials on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) behavior in terms of cell viability and bioactivity via mineralization potential.

Methods and Materials
Nanoparticles of 58S5 bioactive glass (nBG) powder were elaborated by a sol-gel process. Primer hDPSCs were cultured with experimental nBG, Biodentine, TheraCal LC, and ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) extracts. Cell viability was measured for 1, 3, and 7 days by water-soluble tetrazolium salts (WST-1) assay. Expression of mineralization-related marker genes (dentin sialophosphoprotein [DSPP] and osteocalcin [OCN]) was quantified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Detection of DSPP protein expression in hDPSCs was also assessed by western blotting. Alizarin red staining was used to detect the formation of mineralized nodules, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was quantified by a photometric method (days 7 and 14). All data were statistically analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p&lt;0.05).

Results
The cell viability of hDPSCs in all groups decreased except for nBG, and the lowest cell viability was determined in TheraCal LC at all incubation times. nBG and MTA showed significantly higher ALP activity than the control group. The tested materials elevated the calcium nodule form of hDPSCs except for TheraCal LC. The highest DSPP expression was seen in nBG for both incubation times.

Conclusion
nBG promotes differentiation and mineralization of hDPSCs at a higher rate than other bioactive pulp-capping materials tested.
The Algorithm for the Study of Deep Femoral Vessels Using Ultrasound Duplex Angioscanning
Authors: Kalinin R. E. , Suchkov I. A. , Klimentova E. A. , Shanayev I. N. , Khashumov R. M. 
Published: February 2023

The deep femoral vessels are the main branches/donor vessels of the femoral vessels. Their branches penetrate the entire array of muscles of the posteromedial group and descend almost to the popliteal region, so they are able to both largely compensate for blood flow disorders in obliterating atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities, and in the presence of an anastomosis with the popliteal vein, influence the course of acute and chronic vein diseases. The modern standard for studying the vascular system of the lower extremities is duplex scan, but it allows deep femoral vessels to be examined only in the ostium segment up to 5–6 cm.AIM OF STUDY To determine the patency and state of blood flow in the deep femoral vessels throughout the entire length using ultrasound duplex angioscanning.MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis of the results of 30 computed tomograms and 100 ultrasound scans of patients (aged 20 to 85 years) who underwent routine examination of the vascular system of the lower extremities in a polyclinic setting was carried out. The study was performed according to the original method (Patent for invention No. 2751819).RESULTS In the upper third of the thigh, the deep femoral vessels are located most superficially, 2.3±0.15 cm from the skin surface and 0.5±0.08 cm from the posterior wall of the femoral artery. In the middle third of the thigh, the depth of the deep femoral vessels is 3.5±0.9 cm from the skin surface and 4.3±0.24 cm from the posterior wall of the femoral artery. The deep femoral vessels are located between the vastus medialis and adductor longus muscles closer to the femur. In the lower third of the thigh, deep femoral vessels are located at a distance of 4.3±0.4 cm from the skin surface and 1.8±0.5 cm from the posterior wall of the femoral artery. Therefore, for ultrasound examination, a linear probe is first used, which is placed along the projection line of the femoral vessels in the upper third of the thigh, and then the orifice of the deep femoral vessels is visualized. Next, a convex probe is used, and in the middle and lower third of the thigh, it is drawn along a line located 2 cm medially to the projection line of the femoral vessels, while the probe itself deviates posteriorly by ~ 15°.CONCLUSION The research algorithm helps increase the length of the areas of the deep femoral artery and vein available for research and help the physician choose the optimal method of treating the patient.
Achilles Tendon Injury Treatment: the History and Current State of the Art
Authors: Fain A. M. , Vlasov A. P. , Akimov R. N. , Kisel D. A. , Lazarev M. P. , Miguleva I. Yu. , Svetlov K. V. 
Published: February 2023

RELEVANCE The overall incidence of Achilles tendon rupture has been increasing in recent decades due to population aging, the growing prevalence of obesity and increased participation in sports. Achilles tendon ruptures are common injuries of the musculoskeletal system, and according to various authors, they account for 47% of all ruptures of human tendons and muscles, about 18 cases per 100 thousand people per year. Despite the abundance of various options of tendon suture in surgery, a wide choice of suture material and the use of precision techniques in tendon reconstruction, the proposed methods of macroscopic reconstruction of the tendon apparatus do not solve the problem of tendon suture failure.CONCLUSION Despite the abundance of proposed accesses to the Achilles tendon, the optimal one for all types of injuries has not yet been developed. Currently, there are no clear recommendations for choosing a specific method of treating an Achilles tendon rupture.
EFEKTIVITAS AIR REBUSAN DAUN KARSEN TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL PADA LANSIA
Authors: Wahyuni Sry , Sumiyati  , Masyitah Wahab  
Published: February 2023

Kolesterol darah yang tinggi, dapat berakibat serius bagi kesehatan individu. Seseorang dengan risiko tinggi kolesterol darah hingga 200 mg/dL berisiko tinggi mengalami gangguan kesehatan. Semakin tinggi kadar kolesterol, semakin tinggi risiko jantung dan pembuluh darah. Daun kersen (m. calabura l.) diketahui mengandung flavonoid, triterpenoid, saponin, dan steroid. Saponin efektif dalam peningkatan sekresi, flavonoid menyebabkan pengurangi transfusi HMG-CoA ke mevalonat, mengakibatkan efektif terhadap sintesis kolesterol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efektifitas air rebusan karsen terhadap kadar kolesterol pada lansia. Metode penelitian ini adalah rancangan eksperimen dengan menggunakan model one-group pretest-posttest design, menggunakan 10 sampel yang memiliki kadar kolesterol di atas 200 mg/dl dan bersedia dikutip untuk responden dengan sampel latihan sampling. Data yang diperoleh dari kadar kolesterol sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada lembar observasi menggunakan uji saphiro wilk berdistribusi normal memiliki p-value > 0,05. Uji normalitas menggunakan partner t test diperoleh data dengan nilai p-value = 0,030 < 0,050 hal ini menunjukkan ho ditolak, sehingga efektif menilai kadar kolesterol yang berbeda sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan air daun karsen terhadap penderita kolesterol. Berdasarkan penelitian diharapkan air rebusan daun kersen efektif pada kadar kolesterol lansia.
ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE: THE PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION
Authors: Faridah Faridah , Ansar Ansar 
Published: February 2023

This study explores perceptions of school principals in secondary education about entrepreneurial competence, and how these perceptions affect the development of entrepreneurship education in schools. Using a qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with four principals, two high schools and two vocational schools. The results showed that the principals’ understanding of entrepreneurial competence concerned developing business units for school income. There were differences between the high school and vocational school principals’ perceptions of entrepreneurship education. In vocational schools, the focus was more on developing school production units, while in high schools, the entrepreneurship education was the addition to the local content curriculum through craftsmanship teaching to students. The study found that the schools have limited resources to enhance knowledge to put entrepreneurship education into practice. Entrepreneurship education was viewed as difficult to develop in general schools due to the high school curriculum that focused on academic knowledge, where, there is no subject directly related to entrepreneurship.
Abstrak:
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi kepala sekolah pada jenjang Pendidikan menengah atas dan bagaimana persepsi tersebut berdampak terhadap kurikulum Pendidikan kewirausahaan di sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan yang diwawancarai adalah 4 kepala sekolah, 2 kepala SMA, dan 2 kepala SMK. Pemilihan kepala sekolah dilakukan berdasarkan jenis sekolah, SMA dan SMK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persepsi kepala sekolah tentang kompetensi kewirausahaan adalah tentang pengembangan unit bisnis sebagai sumber pendapatan sekolah. Terdapat perbedaan antara SMA dan SMK tentang pendidikan kewirausahaan. Di jenjang SMK, sekolah lebih fokus pada pengembangaan unit produksi dalam pengembangan kewirausahaan sekolah, sedangkan di jenjang SMA, pendidikan kewirausahaan dimasukkan dalam kurikulum muatan lokal dengan mengajarkan mata pelajaran prakarya pada peserta didik. Pendidikan Kewirausahaan juga dirasakan agak sulit untuk dikembangkan di SMA karena karakteristik kurikulum SMA yang dianggap lebih fokus pada pembelajaran yang sifatnya akademik, dan tidak adanya mata pelajaran khusus yang terkait langsung dengan kewirausahaan.
Abandoned Train Stations. Katowice-Zwardoń-Žilina-Rajec
Authors: Ľudviková Dominika 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The subject of the paper is train station. The research deal with those train stations that either no longer serve their purpose or are now abandoned. By abandoned train stations, the author of the paper means rail buildings that do not provide passengers with the necessities of cash desk and a waiting room or toilet. Stations that have abandoned their original purpose. Such stations were analysed on the only railway line connecting Poland and Slovakia operating on a daily basis. Mentioned line is connecting cities Katowice – Zwardoń – Žilina – Rajec. Much of this railway architecture is abandoned and unused. The work described in the paper aims to create a database of abandoned train stations based on authors own research and points to a large number of abandoned train stations that have potential for their future development. The data was collected by means of various methods described in the paper and was valid as of 31.12.2021. The situation today may differ.
Graphical Documentation of the Historical City of Cagliari (Italy)
Authors: Pirinu Andrea , Sanna Giancarlo , Scalas Leonardo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The documentation of the urban historical heritage is the preliminary step to identify the correct strategies for its protection and enhancement. To achieve this aim it is necessary to acquire a graphic documentation at the different scales of detail required by a multi-layered system as the historical landscape; this complexity can now be explored integrating traditional and digital survey methods and representation methodologies. Traditional methods, in particular, are characterized by a direct contact with places; this condition guarantee a deepest perception and a total immersion in the landscape integrating and giving quality to the considerable amount of data offered by recent technologies; this approach has been applied in the survey of the historical city of Cagliari in which the medieval districts of Marina, Stampace, Villanova and Castello retain a great part of the modern walled system built since the fourteenth century until the first half of the nineteenth century and a lot of interesting buildings designed for civil, public and religious use.
Analysis and Definition of Restoration Strategies with H-BIM Applications. The Case Study of Vittorio Giorgini's “Casa Esagono” in Baratti, Italy
Authors: Ulivieri Denise , Landi Stefania , Pardini Cristina , Bevilacqua Marco Giorgio , Martino Massimiliano , Francia Marco Del 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This contribution is focused on the “Casa Esagono” realized in 1957 by Vittorio Giorgini in Baratti (LI), Italy. The research objective is to lay the foundations for a restoration plan of this experimental wooden architecture, which is now in precarious conditions due to its location near the sea, and whose constructive features, has always raised great questions about the technical feasibility of a full restoration. The paper describes the workflow for the implementation of the H-BIM model, aimed to organise all the data deriving from the historical and on-site research, and the restoration programme. The historical analysis about the house and the architect was the basis for the geometric survey and the analysis of building materials. All building components were subjected to visual analysis aimed to identify deterioration forms. The proposed conservation approach aims to maintain as much of the original elements as possible, while increasing their durability. H-BIM revealed to be the ideal tool to manage the entire restoration process, whose ultimate goal is to celebrate Giorgini's work, to exploit the potential of the house as a cultural attraction.
CFD Modelling of Thermal Comfort in the Passenger Coach
Authors: Palmowska Agnieszka , Sarna Izabela 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of numerical simulations of thermal comfort in a passenger coach. The numerical model with people's presence was developed and appropriate boundary conditions were prepared. The ANSYS CFX program was used for the simulations. The calculations were carried out for summer and winter conditions. The predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) and draft rate (DR) were calculated to assess the thermal comfort of passengers. The requirements of railway standards in terms of passenger comfort assessment were also verified. Based on the simulation results, it was found that the thermal comfort conditions of the passengers in the coach were not fully satisfactory, especially in summer.
PERAN KOMITMEN AFEKTIF TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR PADA KARYAWAN PT X DI JAKARTA
Authors: Patricia Delfina , Christina Sophia , Nirwanto Angela Fredella 
Published: February 2023

Employees owned by the company should have extensive knowledge, adequate skills, and be committed to realizing company goals. Organizational Citizenship Behavior is a voluntary behavior shown by employees that influences performance improvement even though it is not included in the job description. Organizational Citizenship Behavior is thought to be enhanced by organizational commitment. Organizational commitment is an attitude of loyalty shown by employees towards their company in realizing the vision and mission and progress of the company. One dimension of organizational commitment that is in line with Organizational Citizenship Behavior is affective commitment. This study aims to determine the role of affective commitment to Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The research method uses quantitative methods that are non-experimental using predictive correlation techniques. The sample of this research is 73 employees who work at PT X. The results of this research show that affective commitment has a positive and significant role on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The size of the role given by organizational commitment to Organizational Citizenship Behavior is 24%. The results of the different test as an additional test show that there are differences in the levels of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in employees with permanent and non-permanent status.
Keywords: Organizational commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Employees