bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary findings of northeast organic and conventional dairy farmers' perception of benefits and challenges in feeding algae
Authors: Tynan Michelle K. , Bryant Marie Claire , Welsh Rick , Greenwood Sabrina L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Enteric fermentation from livestock accounts for over a quarter of the United States' methane emissions. A potent greenhouse gas, methane has 80 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide over a 20-year period. An emerging focus of research is the incorporation of algae (e.g., kelp, seaweed or microalgae) into livestock feed, with several studies documenting dramatic suppression of enteric methane emissions in cattle. As part of a nationwide multidisciplinary study of using algae feed supplements to reduce methane emissions and improve dairy productivity, we used focus groups and individual interviews to measure organic and conventional dairy farmer's knowledge and opinions of algae-based feed supplements. Our goals were to learn what both organic and conventional dairy farmers know about algae-based feed supplements, why they do or do not feed them to their cows and if they were interested in the methane-reducing potential of these algal-based feeds. We also sought to understand where they get valued information about animal nutrition. We found most farmers were aware of algae-based feed supplements on the market, but organic farmers were more familiar with marketing claims. Farmers reported feeding algae-based feed supplements to address herd health concerns, especially reproductive issues and pink eye, but expressed rising costs of the supplements as an obstacle. Both organic and conventional farmers expressed interest in suppressing methane emissions, but only if incentives are provided. Lastly, participants receive trusted information about feed supplements from their dairy nutritionists, who help them make decisions around feed purchasing and rations.
Sensitivity of Precipitation Displacement of a Simulated MCS to Changes in Land Surface Conditions
Authors: Yang Zhao , Varble Adam , Berg Larry K. , Qian Yun , Tai Sheng‐Lun , Chen Jingyi , Gustafson William I. , Feng Zhe , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the role of the land surface on the precipitation produced by an elevated mesoscale convective system (MCS) in Iowa between 24–25 June 2015 during the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign. Previous studies have shown a strong effect of low‐level atmospheric moisture on the location of this MCS. A series of semi‐idealized and realistic simulations with irrigation are conducted to understand the effect of moisture perturbations on the MCS precipitation displacement. In general, numerical simulations place the MCS east of the observed location. Adding moisture directly in the low‐level atmosphere in the semi‐idealized experiments reduces this displacement error. However, experiments with perturbed soil moisture result in drying over Iowa induced by moisture flux divergence from cooler low‐level temperatures and higher surface pressure, causing the MCS to move further to the east. The irrigation impact on low‐level moisture is highly dependent on the length of simulation period. Shorter simulations on the order of days generate similar drying over Iowa but the opposite is found for month‐long simulations. Despite the lack of low‐level moistening in the perturbed soil moisture and short‐term irrigation experiments, the sensitivity to low‐level moisture is similar in all runs. More low‐level moisture generates a more convectively unstable environment with less inhibition and a lower level of free convection that leads to more rapid MCS development and a change in MCS location.
Simulation of Downward Frequency Chirping in the Rising Tone Chorus Element
Authors: Chen Huayue , Wang Xueyi , Chen Lunjin , Omura Yoshiharu , Lu Quanming , Chen Rui , Xia Zhiyang , Gao Xinliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe frequency chirping of chorus waves is commonly observed in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere, but its generation remains an open question. Recently, Liu et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029258 reported two unusual rising‐tone (upward chirping) chorus elements. Although the central frequency of constituent subpackets rises, the frequency of a single subpacket is surprisingly downward chirping. With a gcPIC‐ simulation in the dipole field, we successfully reproduce this kind of substructure, which contains alternating signs of chirping. Interestingly, both hole and hill structures are formed around the theoretical resonant velocities in the electron phase space, no matter whether the chirping is upward or downward. However, during each chirping interval, only one structure (either a hole or a hill) is associated with wave excitation: the upward chirping is related to the hole, while the hill contributes to the downward chirping. Our study provides a fresh perspective on the theory of frequency chirping in chorus waves.
Remote Sensing‐Based Forest Modeling Reveals Positive Effects of Functional Diversity on Productivity at Local Spatial Scale
Authors: Schneider Fabian D. , Longo Marcos , Paul‐Limoges Eugénie , Scholl Victoria M. , Schmid Bernhard , Morsdorf Felix , Pavlick Ryan P. , Schimel David S. , Schaepman Michael E. , Moorcroft Paul R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractForest biodiversity is critical for many ecosystem functions and services. Yet, it remains uncertain how plant functional diversity influences ecosystem functioning across environmental gradients and contiguous larger areas. We integrated remote sensing and terrestrial biosphere modeling to explore functional diversity–productivity relationships at multiple spatial scales for a heterogeneous forest ecosystem in Switzerland. We initialized forest structure and composition in the ecosystem demography model (ED2) through a combination of ground‐based surveys, airborne laser scanning and imaging spectroscopy for forest patches at 10 × 10‐m spatial grain. We derived morphological and physiological forest traits and productivity from model simulations at patch‐level to relate morphological and physiological aspects of functional diversity to the average productivity from 2006 to 2015 at 20 × 20 to 100 × 100‐m spatial extent. We did this for model simulations under observed and experimental conditions (mono‐soils, mono‐cultures and mono‐structures). Functional diversity increased productivity significantly (p < 0.001) across all simulations at 20 × 20 to 30 × 30 m scale, but at 100 × 100‐m scale positive relationships disappeared under homogeneous soil conditions potentially due to the low beta diversity of this forest and the saturation of functional richness represented in the model. Although local functional diversity was an important driver of productivity, environmental context underpinned the variation of productivity (and functional diversity) at larger spatial scales. In this study, we could show that the integration of remotely sensed information on forest composition and structure into terrestrial biosphere models is important to fill knowledge gaps about how plant biodiversity affects carbon cycling and biosphere feedbacks onto climate over large contiguous areas.
Highly conformable chip-in-foil implants for neural applications
Authors: Stieglitz Thomas , Gueli Calogero , Martens Julien , Floto Niklas , Eickenscheidt Max , Sporer Markus , Ortmanns Maurits 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDemands for neural interfaces around functionality, high spatial resolution, and longevity have recently increased. These requirements can be met with sophisticated silicon-based integrated circuits. Embedding miniaturized dice in flexible polymer substrates significantly improves their adaptation to the mechanical environment in the body, thus improving the systems’ structural biocompatibility and ability to cover larger areas of the brain. This work addresses the main challenges in developing a hybrid chip-in-foil neural implant. Assessments considered (1) the mechanical compliance to the recipient tissue that allows a long-term application and (2) the suitable design that allows the implant’s scaling and modular adaptation of chip arrangement. Finite element model studies were performed to identify design rules regarding die geometry, interconnect routing, and positions for contact pads on dice. Providing edge fillets in the die base shape proved an effective measure to improve die-substrate integrity and increase the area available for contact pads. Furthermore, routing of interconnects in the immediate vicinity of die corners should be avoided, as the substrate in these areas is prone to mechanical stress concentration. Contact pads on dice should be placed with a clearance from the die rim to avoid delamination when the implant conforms to a curvilinear body. A microfabrication process was developed to transfer, align, and electrically interconnect multiple dice into conformable polyimide-based substrates. The process enabled arbitrary die shape and size over independent target positions on the conformable substrate based on the die position on the fabrication wafer.
VISEM-Tracking, a human spermatozoa tracking dataset
Authors: Thambawita Vajira , Hicks Steven A. , Storås Andrea M. , Nguyen Thu , Andersen Jorunn M. , Witczak Oliwia , Haugen Trine B. , Hammer Hugo L. , Halvorsen Pål , Riegler Michael A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA manual assessment of sperm motility requires microscopy observation, which is challenging due to the fast-moving spermatozoa in the field of view. To obtain correct results, manual evaluation requires extensive training. Therefore, computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) has become increasingly used in clinics. Despite this, more data is needed to train supervised machine learning approaches in order to improve accuracy and reliability in the assessment of sperm motility and kinematics. In this regard, we provide a dataset called VISEM-Tracking with 20 video recordings of 30 seconds (comprising 29,196 frames) of wet semen preparations with manually annotated bounding-box coordinates and a set of sperm characteristics analyzed by experts in the domain. In addition to the annotated data, we provide unlabeled video clips for easy-to-use access and analysis of the data via methods such as self- or unsupervised learning. As part of this paper, we present baseline sperm detection performances using the YOLOv5 deep learning (DL) model trained on the VISEM-Tracking dataset. As a result, we show that the dataset can be used to train complex DL models to analyze spermatozoa.
Abilities and Disabilities Among Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Ohlmann Nancy , Eden Nichole , Arbisi-Kelm Tim , Young Alys 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to situate developmental language disorder (DLD) within the impairment and disability framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF); describe the functional strengths and weaknesses of a cohort of first-grade children with DLD and their peers; and explore the ways that language-related disabilities relate to language impairment, developmental risk, and receipt of language services.

Method:
We queried the caregivers of 35 children with DLD and 44 peers with typical language development about their children's language-related functions, developmental risks, and language services using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results:
The children with DLD presented with weaknesses in domains that are highly dependent upon language skill, including communication, community function, interpersonal relationships, and academics. They presented with strengths in domestic and personal aspects of daily living, play and coping aspects of socialization, and gross motor function. Caregivers of children with DLD expressed pride in their children's agentive and prosocial qualities. Consistent with the ICF, what distinguished children with DLD who had functional weaknesses and disabilities from those who had healthy function was not the severity of language impairment as measured by decontextualized tests of language skill, but the presence of cumulative developmental risks. Compared to those with healthy function, a larger portion of children with weaknesses and disabilities were receiving language services; however, two girls who had disabilities despite mild levels of impairment were without services.

Conclusions:
Children with DLD present with predictable strengths and weaknesses in everyday language-related functioning. For some children, the weaknesses are mild, but for others, they limit function to a greater extent and should be considered disabilities. The severity of language impairment is not a strong indicator of language-related function and, therefore, is not a good metric for determining service qualification.
Optimal placement of fault indicator and remote‐controlled switches for predetermined reliability of selected buses
Authors: Gholami Mostafa , Ahmadi Iraj , Pouriani Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFault indicators (FI) and remotely controlled switches (RCS) can reduce the power outage time in distribution network (DN) by finding and isolating the faulty area. Therefore, they play an important role in reducing the power outage cost and increasing the reliability of the DN. In DN, there may be high‐priority loads. One of the goals of improving and updating the DN is to increase the reliability of all network buses, especially buses feeding such loads. Here, the placement of FI and RCS, as the distribution system automation devices, is designed and modelled to increase the reliability of the buses supplying high‐priority loads. For the placement problem, two goals of cost and reliability have been considered. But the problem is not defined as a multi‐objective optimization. Rather, it is modelled as a one‐objective optimization (i.e. network cost) and constrained to a certain level of reliability in predetermined locations and buses. The IEEE‐33bus network is used as the sample network and different scenarios are simulated. The number of FI and RCS and the optimization cost of simulated scenarios are compared to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model. The obtained results show the adequacy of the modelling.
An interpretable semi‐supervised system for detecting cyberattacks using anomaly detection in industrial scenarios
Authors: Perales Gómez Ángel Luis , Fernández Maimó Lorenzo , Huertas Celdrán Alberto , García Clemente Félix J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen detecting cyberattacks in Industrial settings, it is not sufficient to determine whether the system is suffering a cyberattack. It is also fundamental to explain why the system is under a cyberattack and which are the assets affected. In this context, the Anomaly Detection based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques showed great performance when detecting cyberattacks in industrial scenarios. However, two main limitations hinder using them in a real environment. Firstly, most solutions are trained using a supervised approach, which is impractical in the real industrial world. Secondly, the use of black‐box ML and DL techniques makes it impossible to interpret the decision made by the model. This article proposes an interpretable and semi‐supervised system to detect cyberattacks in Industrial settings. Besides, our proposal was validated using data collected from the Tennessee Eastman Process. To the best of our knowledge, this system is the only one that offers interpretability together with a semi‐supervised approach in an industrial setting. Our system discriminates between causes and effects of anomalies and also achieved the best performance for 11 types of anomalies out of 20 with an overall recall of 0.9577, a precision of 0.9977, and a F1‐score of 0.9711.
Mearsheimer, Putin, ideology, and the war in Ukraine
Authors: Hughes Neil 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article questions the offensive realist explanation of the war in Ukraine found in the work of John Mearsheimer. It argues that Mearsheimer’s failure to take seriously predispositional factors means his account of the war offers an incomplete basis for discerning motives, predicting the conflict’s evolution, or responding to Russian aggression. To address this deficit and explain how ideological beliefs and meanings expressed in discourse are shaping Russia’s prosecution of the war, the article sets out an interpretive framework that draws on insights into armed conflict and ideology from the likes of Michael Freeden and Jonathan Leader Maynard as well as contributions to Political Discourse Analysis (PDA) primarily in the work of Teun van Dijk. To explore the Russian ideological and discursive aspects at play in the Ukraine war, the article fixes its analytical gaze on an address delivered by Putin to the Russian nation on February 24, 2022.
Experimental Research on Linear MLEFP Damage Element Intercepting High-speed Penetrator
Authors: Yinliang Li , Liuqi Ji , Ning Kang , Li Wang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Linear explosively formed projectile is a new type of interceptor ammunition which can accurately and efficiently intercept large caliber penetrator at a close range. In this paper, multiple linear explosively formed projectile (MLEFP) damage element is used as the active protection system to intercept ammunition, so as to explore a system that can intercept high-speed penetrator. We carry out the experimental research on the interception of dynamic large caliber high-speed penetrators with statically placed MLEFP damage element to verify the feasibility of the interception scheme. The research results provide a useful reference for tank and armored vehicles to intercept high-speed penetrators accurately and efficiently.
Decreased community-acquired pneumonia coincided with rising awareness of precautions before governmental containment policy in Japan
Authors: Tashiro Masato , Sato Shuntaro , Endo Akira , Hamashima Ryosuke , Ito Yuya , Ashizawa Nobuyuki , Takeda Kazuaki , Iwanaga Naoki , Ide Shotaro , Fujita Ayumi , Takazono Takahiro , Yamamoto Kazuko , Tanaka Takeshi , Furumoto Akitsugu , Yanagihara Katsunori , Mukae Hiroshi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Izumikawa Koichi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The effectiveness of population-wide compliance to personal precautions (mask-wearing and hand hygiene) in preventing community-acquired pneumonia has been unknown. In Japan, different types of nonpharmaceutical interventions from personal precautions to containment and closure policies (CACPs, e.g. stay-at-home requests) were sequentially introduced from late January to April 2020, allowing for separate analysis of the effects of personal precautions from other more stringent interventions. We quantified the reduction in community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations and deaths and assessed if it coincided with the timing of increased public awareness of personal precautions before CACPs were implemented. A quasi-experimental interrupted time-series design was applied to non–COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalization and 30-day death data from April 2015 to August 2020 across Japan to identify any trend changes between February and April 2020. We also performed a comparative analysis of pyelonephritis and biliary tract infections to account for possible changes in the baseline medical attendance. These trend changes were then compared with multiple indicators of public awareness and behaviors related to personal precautions, including keyword usage in mass media coverage and sales of masks and hand hygiene products. Hospitalizations and 30-day deaths from non–COVID-19 pneumonia dropped by 24.3% (95% CI 14.8–32.8) and 16.1% (5.5–25.5), respectively, in February 2020, before the implementation of CACPs, whereas pyelonephritis and biliary tract infections did not suggest a detectable change. These changes coincided with increases in indicators related to personal precautions rather than those related to contact behavior changes. Community-acquired pneumonia could be reduced by population-wide compliance to moderate precautionary measures.
Identification and Characterization of Pain Processing Patterns Among Patients With Chronic Primary Pain
Authors: Scheidegger Alina , Jäger Joshua , Blättler Larissa T. , Aybek Selma , Bischoff Nina , grosse Holtforth Martin 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
To develop individual and effective treatment plans for patients with chronic pain, we aimed to replicate Grolimund and colleagues’ empirical categorization of chronic pain patients on a new and larger sample. Moreover, this work aimed to extend previous knowledge by considering various treatment outcomes and exploratorily analyzing which coping skills might be particularly relevant for treatment success in each subtype.

Materials and Methods:
Latent class analysis was used to identify homogenous subtypes with different pain processing patterns using the pain processing questionnaire (FESV).

Results:
By analyzing 602 inpatients with chronic primary pain, we identified 3 subtypes: (1) severely burdened individuals with low coping skills, (2) mildly burdened individuals with high coping skills, and (3) moderately burdened individuals with moderate coping skills. Pain interference, psychological distress, and cognitive and behavioral coping skills improved after treatment in all subtypes. Pain-related mental interference significantly improved only in subtypes (1) and (3). Only individuals of subtype (3) reported significant reductions in pain intensity after treatment. Exploratory regression analysis suggested that of subtype (1), the most promising targets in reducing pain interference and psychological distress posttreatment might be to foster relaxation techniques, counteractive activities, and cognitive restructuring. None of the FESV dimensions significantly predicted treatment outcomes among individuals of subtype (2). Individuals of subtype (3) might benefit the most from experiencing more competence during treatment.

Discussion:
Our findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing subtypes of chronic primary pain patients and that these subtypes should be considered for individualized and effective treatment.
Fixation of transverse midshaft clavicle fractures with nitinol staples vs. superior locked plating: a biomechanical study
Authors: Mistretta Katherine L. , Abbasi Pooyan , Wright Melissa A. , Murthi Anand M. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Nitinol staples have been used effectively for stabilization and compression at fracture sites. This study compared yield load, fracture displacement, and load to failure between nitinol staples and superior plating for midshaft clavicle fractures.

Methods:
Ten pairs of cadaveric clavicles underwent midshaft osteotomy. Each specimen in each pair was randomly assigned to fixation with superiorly placed nitinol staples or with superior plating. Specimens were loaded cyclically with increasing loads to a maximum of 1200 cycles and 60 N. Fracture displacement and construct stiffness were compared at each load. Load to failure was performed at the conclusion of testing.

Results:
The staple group demonstrated lower yield load and higher median fracture displacement at all levels of force compared to the plate group. Median displacement at physiologic load was 15.3 (IQR 12.8-16.5) mm for the staple construct and 2.9 (IQR 2.5-3.6) mm for plated constructs (P=2.04E-07). Median stiffness of plated constructs was significantly higher than staple constructs at all levels (P<0.05). Median cycles to failure for staple constructs was significantly lower compared to plated constructs (P=0.004). Median load to failure was significantly higher for plated constructs compared to staple constructs (P=2.8E-06).

Conclusions:
Nitinol staple fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures demonstrated lower yield load, stiffness, increased displacement, and lower load to failure compared to superior plate fixation. However, staple constructs provided adequate stability to maintain reduction of the fracture at physiologic levels of repetitive stress, indicating a potential role for nitinol staples in clavicle fracture fixation.