bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stokes Number Effects on Deposition in Particle‐Laden Turbulent Pipe Flows
Authors: Wolde Bisrat , Mortimer Lee F. , Fairweather Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ability to predict particle dispersion, interaction, and deposition in turbulent pipes is of value in improving the transport and process efficiency of high concentration particulate flows. In this work, the settling and deposition behavior of suspensions of dense particles in a cylindrical pipe has been studied using direct numerical simulation coupled with Lagrangian particle tracking, with the influence of Stokes number on deposition behavior examined. From the analysis performed, it can be concluded that particle deposition is sensitive to Stokes number. In particular, the dispersion function and mean vertical displacement of the particles are demonstrated to decrease considerably faster with time at the higher Stokes number. Particle migration towards the lower wall regions of the pipe also shows the formation of a solid bed of these particles, whilst over the same time period only dune‐like structures are produced at the lower Stokes number. Further analysis of the particle dynamics confirms these findings and generates insight into the particle dynamics within the deposition regions.
The Irwin Test and Functional Observational Battery (FOB) for Assessing the Effects of Compounds on Behavior, Physiology, and Safety Pharmacology in Rodents
Authors: Mathiasen Joanne R. , Moser Virginia C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe modified Irwin procedure or functional observational battery (FOB) can be used to achieve several goals. New chemical entities (NCEs) can be behaviorally screened for nervous system effects at a variety of doses to identify potential therapeutic uses and in the selection of appropriate doses for subsequent assays. NCEs can also be evaluated in the behavioral battery and compared with reference standards to assess liabilities in a new compound class, with an estimated therapeutic index being suggested by the doses used in comparison to therapeutic doses. For the assessment of neurotoxicology, the FOB is often used. The differences between the two assays are subtle. The procedures used are essentially the same, but when considering neurotoxicology, the FOB is often conducted using GLP guidelines, with more animals being used per group, and doses that are low enough to determine a no effect level and high enough to induce marked nervous system behaviors. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: The Irwin test and FOB for assessing the effects of compounds on behavior, physiology, and safety pharmacology in rodents
An Efficient Gram‐Scale Chemical Synthesis of UNA‐Nucleoside‐5′‐O‐Triphosphates
Authors: Senthilvelan Annamalai , Shanmugasundaram Muthian , Kore Anilkumar R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis unit describes a facile, reliable, and efficient method for the gram‐scale chemical synthesis of unlocked nucleic acid‐ (UNA) nucleoside‐5′‐O‐triphosphates such as UNA‐guanosine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate (UNA‐GTP), UNA‐adenosine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate (UNA‐ATP), UNA‐cytidine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate (UNA‐CTP), and UNA‐uridine‐5′‐O‐triphosphate (UNA‐UTP), starting from the commercially available corresponding nucleoside‐5′‐O‐triphosphate. The present process involves a “one‐pot, two‐step” strategy that utilizes green chemistry principles. The overall reaction involves the oxidation of nucleoside‐5′‐O‐triphosphate using sodium periodate under aqueous conditions, followed by reduction using sodium borohydride to furnish the corresponding UNA‐nucleoside‐5′‐O‐triphosphate in good yields with high purity (>99.5%). © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Synthesis of UNA‐nucleoside‐5′‐O‐triphosphates
Real time implementation of a new seven level multilevel inverter with design considerations for feasible and reliable operation
Authors: Krishnachaitanya Daki , Annamalai Chitra 
Published: May 2023

SummaryFuture power electronics is moving towards compact, economical, feasible, and reliable inverters for integration with renewable energy sources and energy efficient drive schemes. Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are becoming more prominent candidates for such medium and high power applications. Though their attractive performance offers a better choice, the real time implementation of MLIs suffer with higher part count, compatibility of bidirectional switches, complementary conditions, number of transitions, polarity conversion module, and reliability. In order to bridge this gap, this work has come up with a new seven level symmetric MLI for utility applications. The abovementioned design parameters have been considered in the proposed MLI that promotes feasible and reliable operation for real time implementation. To defend this proposed topology, recent symmetric seven level MLI topologies have been compared and the results are compiled from constructional, operational, and performance aspects using Matlab/SIMULINK. The performance indices quantified for the analysis include part count, total harmonic distortion (THD), complementary conditions, number of transitions, polarity conversion module, switching losses, and reliability in terms of failure rate. The proposed topology has been validated through real time hardware implementation in which Atmega 2560 microprocessor is deployed for pulse generation.
Miniaturized lumped‐element low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic balun using capacitance‐enhanced capacitors
Authors: Zhou Bo , Pan Zheng 
Published: May 2023

SummaryA capacitance‐enhanced capacitor (CEC) is proposed and applied to build a low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) balun for miniaturization. The capacitance enhancement is by adding horizontal fingers to traditional vertically interdigital capacitor (VIC) for capacitance increasing without size enlargement. The proposed CEC increased 7.2% capacitance comparing with that of traditional VIC. The balun using the proposed CEC is only 9.5 × 8.4 × 1 mm3, which is equivalent to 0.0034 × 0.0031 × 0.0004 λg3. The measured inband S11, S21, and S31 are better than −15, −3.6, and 3.5 dB from 46 to 58 MHz, respectively. A wide fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 24% based on 15 dB return loss is also reached. The proposed balun has widely applications in maritime navigation, aircraft navigation, and 1–1.5 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications.
Significance of non‐granulomatous cytomorphology on fine needle aspirate in lymphadenitis cases classified as tuberculous by using a composite reference standard
Authors: Helle Ole Magnus Bjørgaas , Kanthali Mala , Akhtar Naish , Purohit Manju Raj , Mustafa Tehmina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is established as a first line investigation for tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLA). We aimed to describe the various cytomorphologic features of tuberculosis (TB) on FNAC and their contribution in the diagnostic decision‐making in suspected TBLA cases.MethodsPatients with presumptive TBLA were prospectively enrolled (n = 266) and subjected to routine diagnostic work‐up for TB, including FNAC samples, and followed until the end of treatment. Patients were categorized as TB or non‐TB cases based on a composite reference standard of which the various cytomorphologic patterns were compared. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy was calculated using cross‐tabulation.ResultsFifty‐six patients were categorized as bacteriologically confirmed TB, 102 as clinically confirmed TB and 108 as non‐TB. The most common cytomorphologic pattern among TB cases (59%) was granulomatous inflammation with necrosis, however, about one‐third of tuberculous lymphadenitis patients presented with non‐granulomatous inflammation, with 21% showing only necrosis and 13% presenting with a reactive pattern. The overall sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 85% and 66%, respectively.ConclusionsWe found that about one‐third of TBLA patients presented without granulomas on FNA, highlighting the importance of considering TB in a wide spectrum of cytomorphology in a high TB burden setting. Our study supports the use of FNAC as a first‐line investigation tool for diagnosing TBLA in a low‐resource setting due to its relative simplicity and good sensitivity. However, the low specificity of FNAC, emphasizes the need for a second‐tier confirmatory test with improved specificity.
Distinct signatures on d‐galactose‐induced aging and preventive/protective potency of two low‐dose vitamin D supplementation regimens on working memory, muscular damage, cardiac and cerebral oxidative stress, and SIRT1 and calstabin2 downregulation
Authors: Salemi Sahar , Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Giménez‐Llort Lydia , Jalali Zahra , Mahmoodi Mehdi , Golmohammadi Maryam , Kaeidi Ayat , Taghipour Zahra , Khademalhosseini Morteza , Modanloo Mona , Hajizadehi Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic administration of d‐galactose (d‐gal) in rodents reproduces the overproduction of reactive oxygen species of physiological aging. The present research shows for the first time distinct signatures on d‐gal‐induced aging (500 mg/kg, 6 weeks) and the preventive and protective potential of two vitamin D (50 IU) supplementation regimens (pre‐induction and simultaneous, respectively) in two vital organs (heart and brain). d‐gal‐induced notorious alterations in working memory, a strong increase in brain malondialdehyde (MDA) oxidative levels, and strong downregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the heart and hippocampus and of calstabin2 in the heart. Cardiac and brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymatic antioxidant capacities were damaged, brain calstabin2 was downregulated, and neuropathology was observed. Heart damage also included a moderate increase in MDA levels, serologic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total creatine kinase (CK) activities, and histopathological alterations. The used dose of vitamin D was enough to prevent cognitive impairment, avoid muscular damage, hamper cardiac and cerebral oxidative stress, and SIRT1 and calstabin2 downregulation. Most importantly, the potencies of the two preventive schedules depended on the tissue and level of study. The pre‐induction schedule prevented d‐gal‐induced aging by 1 order of magnitude higher than simultaneous administration in all the variables studied except for SIRT1, whose strong downregulation induced by d‐gal was equally prevented by both schedules. The benefits of vitamin D for oxidative stress were stronger in the brain than in the heart. Brain MDA levels were more sensitive to damage, while SOD and GPx antioxidant enzymatic activities were in the heart. In this order, the magnitude of SOD, MDA, and GPx oxidative stress markers was sensitive to prevention. In summary, the results unveiled distinct aging induction, preventive signatures, and sensitivity of markers depending on different levels of study and tissues, which are relevant from a mechanistic view and in the design of targeted interventions.
Investigation of microwave application time with constant pulse ratio on drying of zucchini
Authors: Dehghannya Jalal , Farhoudi Sepideh , Dadashi Saeed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince nonuniform drying in the continuous microwave harms the safety and quality of dried food materials, a significant quality improvement can be achieved by controlling the application time of the microwave. This study aimed to investigate the influence of microwave application time and power at a constant pulse ratio during the drying of zucchini on different product characteristics. The samples were first exposed to microwaves with powers of 360, 600, and 900 W alternately for 10, 30, and 50 s. After drying with intermittent microwaves, the process was continued using the hot‐air drying. Increasing the microwave application time and power caused a significant reduction in the total process time. The minimum drying time was obtained at 900 W and 50 s (259.44 min). Deff increased significantly by 24.4% and 34.1% with increasing application time and power, respectively. The highest shrinkage and bulk density were observed in the samples dried at 360 W and 10 s due to a longer total process time than the other treatments. Rehydration increased by 10.3% and 14.7% with increasing application time and power, respectively. A 33% decrease in energy consumption was noticed in the 900 W–50 s treatment compared to the 360 W–10 s treatment. Moreover, with increasing microwave application time and power, the lightness of the dried product decreased, and the total color difference increased. In summary, the 900 W power and 50 s application time produced a better‐dried product than the other treatments considering different quantitative and qualitative properties. The results of this research can be used in the food industry to dry products using microwave and hot air to control and improve their quality.
Age‐associated change in pyruvate metabolism investigated with hyperpolarized 13C‐MRI of the human brain
Authors: Uthayakumar Biranavan , Soliman Hany , Bragagnolo Nadia D. , Cappelletto Nicole I. C. , Lee Casey Y. , Geraghty Benjamin , Chen Albert P. , Perks William J. , Ma Nathan , Heyn Chris , Endre Ruby , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Stanisz Greg J. , Black Sandra E. , Cunningham Charles H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, hyperpolarized 13C MRI (HP‐13C MRI) was used to investigate changes in the uptake and metabolism of pyruvate with age. Hyperpolarized 13C‐pyruvate was administered to healthy aging individuals (N = 35, ages 21–77) and whole‐brain spatial distributions of 13C‐lactate and 13C‐bicarbonate production were measured. Linear mixed‐effects regressions were performed to compute the regional percentage change per decade, showing a significant reduction in both normalized 13C‐lactate and normalized 13C‐bicarbonate production with age: per decade for 13C‐lactate and per decade for 13C‐bicarbonate. Certain regions, such as the right medial precentral gyrus, showed greater rates of change while the left caudate nucleus had a flat 13C‐lactate versus age and a slightly increasing 13C‐bicarbonate versus age. The results show that both the production of lactate (visible as 13C‐lactate signal) as well as the consumption of monocarboxylates to make acetyl‐CoA (visible as 13C‐bicarbonate signal) decrease with age and that the rate of change varies by brain region.
A massive hit that targets kids quite a bit: Where and how Australian school children see energy drinks
Authors: Parnell Stephanie A. , Mandzufas Joelie , Howard Justine , Gannett Anna T. , Trapp Gina S. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIssues AddressedEnergy drinks (EDs) are not recommended for children due to their high caffeine content and adverse health risks. Their popularity among children may be due to children's exposure to ED marketing. This study aimed to identify where children have seen ED marketing and whether they believe ED marketing targets them.MethodsParticipant data were drawn from ‘AMPED UP: An Energy Drink Study’, where 3688 students in grades 7–12 (age 12–17 years) from 25 randomly selected secondary schools in Western Australia were asked if they had ever seen ED advertising on television, posters/signs in shops, online/internet, movies, cars/vehicles, social media, magazines/newspapers, music videos, video games, merchandise and free samples. Participants were also shown three ED advertisements and asked, ‘Which age group/s do you think this ad targets?’ (12 years or less, 13–17 years, 18–23 years, 24 years or older) and could select multiple age groups for each advertisement.ResultsOn average, participants saw ED advertising on 6.5 (SD = 2.5) of 11 possible marketing channels, including television (seen by 91% of participants), posters/signs in shops (88%), online/internet (82%) and movies (71%). Participants also perceived ED advertisements targeted children (< 18 years).ConclusionsED marketing has a high reach among Western Australian children. The voluntary ED advertising pledge to not market EDs to children in Australia does not prevent children from seeing or being targeted by ED marketing.So What?Stronger regulatory control of ED marketing is needed to better protect children from the appeal and adverse health risks of ED use.
Antibiotic Treatment Prior to Injury Abrogates the Detrimental Effects of LPS in STR/ort Mice Susceptible to Osteoarthritis Development
Authors: Mendez Melanie E , Murugesh Deepa K , Christiansen Blaine A , Loots Gabriela G 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTPost traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a form of secondary osteoarthritis (OA) that develops in ~50% of cases of severe articular joint injuries and leads to chronic and progressive degradation of articular cartilage and other joint tissues. PTOA progression can be exacerbated by repeated injury and systemic inflammation. Few studies have examined approaches for blunting or slowing down PTOA progression with emphasis on systemic inflammation; most arthritis studies focused on the immune system have been in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. To examine how the gut microbiome affects systemic inflammation during PTOA development, we used a chronic antibiotic treatment regimen starting at weaning for 6 weeks before anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in STR/ort mice combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced systemic inflammation. STR/ort mice develop spontaneous OA as well as a more severe PTOA phenotype than C57Bl/6J mice. By 6 weeks post injury, histological examination showed a more robust cartilage staining in the antibiotic‐treated (AB) STR/ort mice than in the untreated STR/ort controls. Furthermore, we also examined the effects of AB treatment on systemic inflammation and found that the effects of LPS administration before injury are also blunted by AB treatment in STR/ort mice. The AB‐ or AB+LPS‐treated STR/ort injured joints more closely resembled the C57Bl/6J VEH OA phenotypes than the vehicle‐ or LPS‐treated STR/ort, suggesting that antibiotic treatment has the potential to slow disease progression and should be further explored therapeutically as prophylactic post injury. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Preparation of a fluorescent composite coating and its anticorrosive and indicative performance
Authors: Zhang Lanhe , Wang Sen , Wang Junqi , Jiang Hong , Liu Qiang , Cheng Xin , Xu Xiaohui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveA novel fluorescent composite anti‐corrosion coating was prepared, which could simultaneously indicate corrosion sites and corrosion degree according to change of fluorescence intensity.MethodsTri‐HDI/GO/SR/AP coating was prepared by blending method. Its structure, physical properties, anti‐corrosion ability and fluorescence intensity were analyzed.ResultsTri‐HDI/GO/SR/AP coating was not significantly damaged during the corrosion simulation experiment. The fluorescence intensity of the coating decreased with the increase of corrosion degree.ConclusionsBased on structure characterization and electrochemical analysis, it is found that Tri‐HDI/GO/SR/AP coating has positive anti‐corrosion performance. Fluorescence molecules undergo a quenching reaction when corrosion occurs, the corrosion location and corrosion degree can be determined according to the changes of luminescence intensity.
A preliminary examination of the contextual interference effect on trained trick retention in domestic dogs
Authors: Messina Maddie G. , Ziv Gal , Byosiere Sarah‐Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study sought to enhance current dog training practices by determining whether a finding from human motor skill learning research, the contextual interference (CI) effect, could be replicated in a trick‐training paradigm with companion dogs. In humans, research shows that practicing skills in random order, as compared with blocked order, improves learning of those skills. To test this question in dogs, we randomly allocated 17 dogs to blocked training (low CI) or random training (high CI). The dogs performed three behaviors of varying difficulty. After training, we conducted a retention test in which half of the dogs in each group performed the tasks in blocked order and the other half in random order. We scored each trick, measured duration, and measured whether dogs required one or two tries to perform a behavior. We found no significant differences between dogs who practiced three tricks in random or in blocked order during training and during a retention test. This study is the first to apply the CI effect to dog trick training. Although no evidence of the CI effect was found, the current research provides a preliminary framework for future studies with potential implications for increasing retention of trained skills.
Real‐world complication burden and disease management paradigms in transfusion‐related β‐thalassaemia in Greece: Results from ULYSSES, an epidemiological, multicentre, retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kattamis Antonis , Voskaridou Ersi , Delicou Sophia , Klironomos Evangelos , Lafiatis Ioannis , Petropoulou Foteini , Diamantidis Michael D. , Lafioniatis Stylianos , Evliati Loukia , Kapsali Eleni , Karvounis‐Marolachakis Kiki , Timotheatou Despoina , Deligianni Chrysoula , Viktoratos Panagiotis , Kourakli Alexandra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPatients with transfusion‐dependent beta (β)‐thalassaemia experience a broad range of complications. ULYSSES, an epidemiological, multicentre, retrospective cross‐sectional study, aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of treatment and disease complications, capture disease management and identify predictors of complications in patients with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia, treated in routine settings in Greece. Eligible patients were adults diagnosed with β‐thalassaemia ≥12 months before enrolment and having received ≥6 red blood cell (RBC) units (excluding elective surgery) with no transfusion‐free period ≥35 days in the 24 weeks before enrolment. Primary data were collected at a single visit and through chart review. Between Oct 21, 2019, and Jun 15, 2020, 201 eligible patients [median (interquartile range, IQR) age 45.7 (40.2–50.5) years; 75.6% > 40 years old; 64.2% female] were enrolled, a mean (standard deviation) of 42.9 (7.8) years after diagnosis. Median (IQR) age at diagnosis and RBC transfusion initiation were 0.8 (0.4–2.8) and 1.3 (1.0–5.0) years, respectively. From diagnosis to enrolment, patients had developed a median of six (range: 1–55) complications; 19.6% were grade ≥3. The most represented complications were endocrine/metabolic/nutrition disorders (91.5%), surgical/medical procedures (67.7%) and blood/lymphatic system disorders (64.7%). Real‐world data generated by ULYSSES underscore the substantial complication burden of transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia patients, routinely managed in Greece.