bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of intercourse without condoms among migrants and refugees in Morocco, 2021: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Essayagh Touria , Essayagh Meriem , Essayagh Firdaous , Rattal Mourad , Bukassa Germain , Lemriss Hajar , Mahdaoui El Khansa , Himmouche Naoufal , Kouyate Mady Fanta , Essayagh Sanah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the world's migratory flow, the risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among migrants is increasing. The prevalence of intercourse without condoms with a casual or commercial sex partner, a high-risk sexual behavior for HIV infection, is unknown among migrants. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intercourse without condoms among migrants and the risk factors associated with not using condoms. In Oujda, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 416 sexually active migrants. We used a multistage sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants to collect socio-demographic information, disease perception, behavioral habits, sexual behavioral habits, and para-clinical parameters. A multivariate logistical regression analysis identified the risk factors associated with high-risk HIV sexual behaviors. The prevalence of intercourse without condoms with a casual or commercial sex partner was 72.8%, with a median age of 25.0 years, and 212 (69.9%) were males. The prevalence of HIV was 0.2%. Being homeless, having difficulty obtaining condoms, and only having a basic education were all risk factors for these sexual behaviors. Migrants with precarious living conditions are at increased risk of having intercourse without condoms. This group must be prioritized by strengthening public health programs targeting the health of migrants as well as the intervention of thematic non-governmental organizations. Vigilant monitoring of the HIV epidemic, with a focus on vulnerable populations, should be a high priority in Morocco.
Imatinib use for gastrointestinal stromal tumors among older patients in Japan and Taiwan
Authors: Ichinose Yuichi , Yang Yi-Hsin , Tsai Hui-Jen , Huang Ru-Yu , Higashi Takahiro , Nishida Toshirou , Chen Li-Tzong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) improve the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using cancer registries linked with health utilization data in Japan and Taiwan to assess TKI usage in older and non-older patients. Patients diagnosed with GIST (2012–2014) were categorized into the following: adjuvant and advanced/metastatic settings. The duration and patterns of imatinib therapy were compared between the older (aged ≥ 75 years) and non-older (< 75 years) groups. We included 232 Japanese and 492 Taiwanese patients in the adjuvant setting, and 235 Japanese and 401 Taiwanese patients in the advanced/metastatic setting. Older patients had higher proportions of starting with lower doses (< 400 mg/day) than the non-older patients (adjuvant: 22.5% vs. 4.3% [Japan]; 22.5% vs. 10.9% [Taiwan]; advanced/metastatic: 29.6% vs. 7.2% [Japan]; 32.6% vs. 8.1% [Taiwan]; all p < 0.01). The median time to stop imatinib was shorter in the older than in the non-older patients (adjuvant: 301 vs. 975 days [Japan], 366 vs. 1028 days [Taiwan]; advanced/metastatic: 423 vs. 542 days [Japan]; 366.5 vs. 837 days [Taiwan]). More older patients with GIST tended to have TKIs at a lower initial dose and a shorter imatinib duration than the non-older patients.
Surface immobilization of nitrogen-coordinated iron atoms: a facile and efficient strategy toward MNC sites with superior catalytic activities
Authors: Hou Qiankun , Yang Nan , Liu Kang , Ding De , Lei Yongpeng , Liu Min , Chen Yin 
Published: December 2022

By immobilization FeNxsites on the porous substrate surface, stable atomically dispersed iron electrocatalyst with high-performance and high-metal content was rationally produced in quantitative yield and large-scaleviaa simple two-step process.
Dynamic identification of logistics critical roads based on BeiDou trajectory data
Authors: Sun Baofeng , Nie Liaodong , Wang Wei , Sun Yu , Li Han 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe convergency and diffusion behaviours of truck information derived from BeiDou trajectory data are extremely useful in improving the capacity of logistics critical roads (LCR) in industrial parks. In this paper, a novel dynamic identification method of LCR is proposed for traffic refined organization in industrial parks. The structural importance method is built in the first step to assess the theoretical importance of road network structure. The logistics attractiveness of the road is then measured using a business circle model with built environment and truck behaviour factors. In the third step, the real‐time road selectivity is calculated using the K‐Average Nearest Neighbour Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (KANN—DBSCAN) algorithm to assess road vulnerability. Finally, LCR are identified by solving the road criticality based on the aforementioned parameters. The method is validated by comparing the predicted LCR with the factual LCR in a case study of Hongqi town and relative BeiDou data. The conformity of the proposed method with reality is > 85%. The authors reveal some rules at various times: Logistics factors are more important in LCR in industrial parks. LCR with heavy passenger traffic have a significant tide, and those with heavy freight traffic are strongly correlated with production plans.
Estimating number of group targets arranged in linear array via forward‐backward matrix pencil method
Authors: Sun Xiyuan , Li Shixi , Gu Pengfei , He Zi , Ding Dazhi , Guo Shaoqing , Li You 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn efficient number estimation method is proposed for target detection by using the forward‐backward matrix pencil method. Compared with the traditional parameter estimation methods, the proposed method can work well even for sparse signals. At first, the radar cross section of the group targets arranged in linear array is obtained at some certain angles or frequencies. Then, the Hankel‐Toeplitz matrix is constructed from the known radar echoes, and the singular value decomposition is performed on this matrix. Finally, the number of the group targets arranged in linear array can be accurately estimated by setting an appropriate threshold to select the singular value with a large proportion. In addition, the influence of different signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) on the estimation results is also discussed. In order to enhance the accuracy, several groups of different echoes are used to estimate the number of group targets jointly. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and accurate in estimating the number of group targets arranged in linear array. Moreover, the estimation result of the proposed method in this paper is not affected by the noise, which shows that this method has better robustness.
Highly focussed beampattern synthesis in FDA‐MIMO radar with multicarrier transmission
Authors: Geng Langhuan , Li Yong , Cheng Wei , Dong Limeng , Tan Yumei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMulticarrier technology is widely used for improving the performance of beampattern synthesis in frequency diverse array multiple‐input and multiple‐output (FDA‐MIMO) Radar. However, how to use multicarrier technology to achieve highly focussed beampattern synthesis is still an open problem. To this end, the authors first establish the system model of FDA‐MIMO radar with multicarrier transmission and analyse the parameters influencing beampattern synthesis by Cramér–Rao lower bound derivation. It can be recognised that frequency increments and multicarrier distribution are key parameters hindering highly focussed beampattern synthesis. On top of the investigation, a simple yet effective Multidimensional Non‐linear Frequency Component, named multidimensional frequency components (MNFC), is proposed for forming a highly focussed beam. Specifically, MNFC is a two‐dimension frequency component for FDA‐MIMO radar. The first dimension is the frequency increment weighted by the Dynamic Taylor Window Function that effectively decouples the joint‐range‐angle beampattern. The second dimension is a non‐linear multicarrier weighted by Log with a Linear Coefficient for further optimising dot‐shaped beampatterns for target indication with high precision. Finally, numerical simulations and comparative experiments are performed to validate the superiority of the MNFC in beampattern synthesis.
Cardiovascular Disease in Women: What the Radiologist Needs to Know
Authors: Sommer Oliver Josef , Hergan Klaus 
Published: December 2022

Background Sex-specific disparities are well documented for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are differences in physiology and pathophysiology, pain perception, spectrum of disease, risk, therapeutic aspects, prognosis, and outcome. CVD represents a broad spectrum of disorders. This review focuses on cardiovascular and cardiac pathology.
Method This review summarizes the current state of the literature on cardiovascular disease in women from a radiological viewpoint. It aims to provide a deeper understanding of these differences and thereby alerts the reader to the potential of CT and MRI for diagnosing CVD in women. Special attention is paid to disparities in the underlying physiological and pathophysiological processes, clinical presentation, and the quality of care to provide a deep understanding of the topic. Cardiovascular and cardiac pathologies with a sex-specific pattern of disease are presented and typical CT and MRI findings are arranged and illustrated with imaging findings.
Results and Conclusion Sex-specific differences are not only sex hormonal in nature but are rooted in the epigenome and encompass a multitude of physiological systems. In fact, cardiovascular disease shows sex-specific characteristics spanning from incidence to clinical presentation, course of disease, and prognosis. This is of significance regarding pretest probabilities, the power of tests, imaging strategies, and interpretation of imaging results. Key sex-specific issues encompass obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), microvascular angina, myocardial infarction with non-obstructive CAD, and coronary artery dissection. Sex-specific patterns are also noted in myocardial disease and heart failure such as pregnancy-related heart disease, Takotsubo syndrome, and anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
Key points:
Volumetric Evaluation of 3D Multi-Gradient-Echo MRI Data to Assess Whole Liver Iron Distribution by Segmental R2* Analysis: First Experience
Authors: Wunderlich Arthur P , Cario Holger , Kannengießer Stephan , Grunau Veronika , Hering Lena , Götz Michael , Beer Meinrad , Schmidt Stefan Andreas 
Published: December 2022

Purpose MR transverse relaxation rate R2* has been shown to be useful for monitoring liver iron overload. A sequence enabling acquisition of the whole liver in a single breath hold is now available, thus allowing volumetric hepatic R2* distribution studies. We evaluated the feasibility of computer-assisted whole liver segmentation of 3 D multi-gradient-echo MRI data, and compared whole liver R2* determination to analyzing only a single slice. Also, segmental R2* differences were studied.Materials and Methods The liver of 44 patients, investigated by multi-gradient echo MRI at 1.5 T, was segmented and divided into nine segments. Segmental R2* values were examined for all patients together and with respect to two criteria: average R2* values, and reason for iron overload. Correlation of single-slice and volumetric data was tested with Spearman’s rank test, segmental and group differences were evaluated by analysis of variance.Results Whole-liver R2* values correlated excellent to single slice data (p < 0.001). The lowest R2* occurred in segment 1 (S1), differences of S1 with regard to other segments were significant in five cases and highly significant in two cases. Patients with high average R2* showed significant differences between S1 and segments 2, 6, and 7. Disease-related differences with respect to S1 were significant in segments 3 to 5 and 7.Conclusion Our results suggest inhomogeneous hepatic iron distribution. Low R2* in S1 may be explained by its special vascularization.Key Points Citation Format
Interconsultas urológicas a un Servicio de Ética Clínica en un hospital de IV nivel
Authors: Monroy Gabriela , Bohórquez Quintero Diana Carolina , Moreno Ormanza Diana , Silva Herrera Jose Miguel 
Published: December 2022

Resumen
Objetivo Los problemas éticos tienen una gran importancia en discusiones teóricas en la medicina, y este estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar a los pacientes urológicos cuyos casos fueron motivos de consulta al Servicio de Ética Clínica (SEC) institucional de un hospital de IV nivel para comprender los dilemas éticos prevalentes en la práctica diaria de la urología y su abordaje.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo en el que se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de 20 pacientes urológicos interconsultados al SEC de un hospital de IV nivel. Se evaluó la frecuencia de las siguientes variables: diagnóstico, estadio funcional y clínico en el momento del diagnóstico, tiempo de evolución, tratamientos, y tipo de dilema ético motivo de la interconsulta.
Resultados Desde enero de 2018, el SEC del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio ha respondido 1.123 interconsultas, y se vio un aumento significativo de las mismas en 2020 por razón de la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, en inglés). De estas interconsultas, solamente trece corresponden a pacientes con patología urológica de base, y siete, a compromiso urológico secundario. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue carcinoma de próstata en estadio IV, seguido de carcinoma urotelial avanzado. Predominó el tratamiento adecuado; solamente tres se diagnosticaron en ese momento, y no alcanzaron a recibir tratamiento. El principal dilema ético encontrado tuvo que ver con proporcionalidad al final de la vida, en dos casos, con respeto de la autonomía del paciente, incluida una solicitud de eutanasia.
Conclusión El tamizaje establecido y los tratamientos efectivos tempranos se podrían reflejar en la baja frecuencia de situaciones clínicas extremas conducentes a la toma de decisiones al final de la vida, que serían dirigidas, entonces, ya sea a la reorientación del esfuerzo terapéutico, al plan de fin de vida, o a eutanasia.
A Retrospective Short-Term Evaluation Using a Polyaxial Plating System in 60 Small Animal Fractures
Authors: Mascellino Haley , Maritato Karl , Barnhart Matthew , Kass Philip 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the use, complications and outcomes of the Liberty Lock System (LLS) used to repair fractures in dogs and cats.Study Design Medical records (October 2016–June 2019) of dog and cat fractures repaired with the LLS were reviewed. Data reviewed included signalment, fracture classification, complications and radiographic outcome.Results The LLS was used to repair 60 fractures (57 appendicular and 3 axial) in 54 dogs and 6 cats. Mean time to radiographic union was 6 weeks (range: 4–16). Radiographic union was achieved in all 60 fractures with 55/60 healing without recorded complications. Major complications 4/60 and minor complication 1/60 rates were low and no catastrophic complications occurred. The most common major complication was surgical site infection.Conclusion The LLS allowed for successful repair in all 60 cases with a wide variety of fractures. The LLS had a similar complication rate and time to radiographic union to that reported in other veterinary locking plate systems. The LLS is a reliable locking plate system which offers some advantages such as a low-profile plate with the ability to place non-polyaxial to angled polyaxial screws, to treat fractures in dogs and cats.
Comparación de la costo-efectividad de la nefrolitotomía percutánea y de la nefrolitotomía retrógrada flexible con láser de holmio en pacientes con litiasis renal de 20 a 30 mm en Colombia
Authors: Lopez Hugo Enrique , Riveros Silvia , Diaz Ana Maria , Chaparro Diana Maria , Monroy Gabriela 
Published: December 2022

Resumen
Introducción y Objetivo Con el advenimiento de nuevas tecnologías, vienen controversias respecto al espectro de sus aplicaciones. El costo derivado de estas tecnologías juega un papel muy importante en el momento de la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Es por esto que consideramos relevante estimar la costo-efectividad de la nefrolitotomía percutánea comparada con la nefrolitotomía retrógrada flexible con láser de holmio en pacientes con litiasis renal de 20 mm a 30 mm en Colombia.
Materiales y Métodos Por medio de la construcción de un modelo de árbol de decisión usando el programa Treeage (TreeAge Software, LLC, Williamstown, MA, EE.UU.), se realizó una comparación entre la nefrolitotomía percutánea y la nefrolitotomía retrógrada flexible con láser de holmio en pacientes con litiasis renal de 20 mm a 30 mm. La perspectiva fue la del tercer pagador, y se incluyeron los costos directos. Las cifras fueron expresadas en pesos colombianos de 2018. La mejoría clínica, definida como el paciente libre de cálculos, fue la unidad de resultado. Se hizo una extracción de datos de efectividad y seguridad por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. La razón de costo-efectividad incremental fue calculada.
Resultados El modelo final indica que la nefrolitotomía percutánea puede ser considerada como la alternativa más costo-efectiva. Los hallazgos fueron sensibles a la probabilidad de mejoría clínica de la nefrolitotomía percutánea.
Conclusión Teniendo en cuenta las variables económicas, los supuestos del modelo y desde la perspectiva del tercer pagador, la nefrolitotomía percutánea para el tratamiento de pacientes con cálculos renales de 20 mm a 30 mm es costo-efectiva en nuestro país. Estos hallazgos fueron sensibles a los costos y a la efectividad de los procedimientos quirúrgicos.
Sporadic Renal Angiomyolipoma: Can We Adopt a Uniform Management Protocol?
Authors: Ahmed Mussammet , Teo Hong , Sami Tariq , Otite Ugo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRenal angiomyolipomas (AMLs), formerly known as PEComas (tumors showing perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation) are common benign renal masses composed of a varying ratio of fat, blood vessels, and smooth muscles. They are largely asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on imaging.The adipose tissue content is the factor that gives AMLs their characteristic appearance on imaging and makes them easily identifiable. However, the fat-poor or fat-invisible varieties, which are difficult to differentiate radiologically from renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), present a diagnostic challenge. It is thus essential to establish the diagnosis and identify the atypical and hereditary cases as they require more intense surveillance and management due to their potential for malignant transformation.Multiple management options are available, ranging from conservative approach to embolization and to the more radical option of nephrectomy. While the indications for intervention are relatively clear and aimed at a rather small cohort, the protocol for follow-up of the remainder of the cohort forming the majority of cases is not well established. The surveillance and discharge policies therefore vary between institutions and even between individual practitioners. We have reviewed the literature to establish an optimum management pathway focusing on the typical AMLs.
Mortalidad secundaria a SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con trasplante renal de un centro del nordeste colombiano
Authors: Sandoval Juan Manuel , Becerra Ana María , Tobar Verónica , Puerto Ricardo , Sarmiento Guillermo , López Lida , Barajas Juan 
Published: December 2022

Resumen
Objetivo Describir la tasa de mortalidad de infección por coronavirus de tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, en inglés) y los factores de riesgo asociados a la severidad de la enfermedad en pacientes con trasplante renal de un centro del nordeste colombiano.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo de una cohorte de pacientes en seguimiento postrasplante renal, en el que se hizo una búsqueda retrospectiva de los que presentaron infección por SARS-CoV-2 entre marzo del 2020 y mayo del 2021. Para el análisis, se incluyeron los pacientes con infección confirmada mediante pruebas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (polymerase chain reaction, PCR, en inglés), de antígenos, o de anticuerpos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, y un análisis bivariado de los posibles factores asociados con el riesgo de mortalidad.
Resultados Con un total de 307 individuos en seguimiento, se encontró una prevalencia del 14,3% (n = 44) de infección por enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, en inglés). La media de edad fue de 56 años, con predominio del género masculino. El esquema de inmunosupresión más frecuente fue micofenolato–tacrolimus–prednisona. Entre los pacientes infectados, la mortalidad fue del 34,1% (15/44), lo que representa el 4,8% de toda la población a estudio. Maás de la mitad de los pacientes requirieron hemodiálisis, y en el 86,7% fue necesario hacer ajustes en el esquema de inmunosupresión.
Conclusión La prevalencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en nuestro grupo de trasplantes fue similar a la reportada por otros grupos de trasplante del país, y mayor a la de la población no trasplantada. El valor de creatinina previo a la infección, la edad y las comorbilidades se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad.
Artritis reumatoide de la columna cervical: Aspectos clave para el cirujano ortopédico
Authors: Krainz Pablo Enrique 
Published: December 2022

ResumenLa artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad inflamatoria autoinmune crónica que afecta con frecuencia a la columna cervical. El diagnóstico clínico de la afección cervical puede ser difícil; por lo tanto, se recomienda la evaluación radiográfica sistemática de todos los pacientes. El tratamiento oportuno de estas lesiones es importante para preservar la independencia, la función neurológica, e, incluso, la vida de los pacientes. Este artículo es una revisión actualizada de todos los aspectos de la artritis reumatoide de la columna cervical relevantes para el cirujano ortopédico.