bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragility Score: a REMS-based indicator for the prediction of incident fragility fractures at 5 years
Authors: Pisani Paola , Conversano Francesco , Muratore Maurizio , Adami Giovanni , Brandi Maria Luisa , Caffarelli Carla , Casciaro Ernesto , Di Paola Marco , Franchini Roberto , Gatti Davide , Gonnelli Stefano , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Lombardi Fiorella Anna , Natale Alessandra , Testini Valentina , Casciaro Sergio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Accurate estimation of the imminent fragility fracture risk currently represents a challenging task. The novel Fragility Score (FS) parameter, obtained during a Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) scan of lumbar or femoral regions, has been developed for the non-ionizing estimation of skeletal fragility.

Aims
The aim of this study was to assess the performance of FS in the early identification of patients at risk for incident fragility fractures with respect to bone mineral density (BMD) measurements.

Methods
Data from 1989 Caucasians of both genders were analysed and the incidence of fractures was assessed during a follow-up period up to 5 years. The diagnostic performance of FS to discriminate between patients with and without incident fragility fracture in comparison to that of the BMD T-scores measured by both Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and REMS was assessed through ROC analysis.

Results
Concerning the prediction of generic osteoporotic fractures, FS provided AUC = 0.811 for women and AUC = 0.780 for men, which resulted in AUC = 0.715 and AUC = 0.758, respectively, when adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI). For the prediction of hip fractures, the corresponding values were AUC = 0.780 for women and AUC = 0.809 for men, which became AUC = 0.735 and AUC = 0.758, respectively, after age- and BMI-adjustment. Overall, FS showed the highest prediction ability for any considered fracture type in both genders, resulting always being significantly higher than either T-scores, whose AUC values were in the range 0.472–0.709.

Conclusion
FS displayed a superior performance in fracture prediction, representing a valuable diagnostic tool to accurately detect a short-term fracture risk.
Reduction in Social Media Usage Produces Improvements in Physical Health and Wellbeing: An RCT
Authors: Reed Phil , Fowkes Tegan , Khela Mariam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial media usage has increased over recent years and has been associated with negative effects on health and wellbeing. This study explored whether reducing smartphone screentime would improve health and wellbeing. Fifty students completed a battery of questionnaires regarding their health, immune function, loneliness, sleep, anxiety, and depression. They were allocated randomly to groups either using smartphones as normal (No Change), reducing usage by 15 min per day (Reduce), or reducing use by 15 min and substituting another activity during this time (Reduce + Activity). After 3 months, they completed the same questionnaires again. There was unexpectedly low compliance with the Reduce + Activity (leisure substitution) intervention. In contrast, there was a significant reduction in screentime for the Reduce group compared to the other two groups. There was a significant improvement in the Reduce group in general health, immune function, loneliness, and depression compared to the other groups. These findings extend previous results from similar studies and suggest limiting screentime may be beneficial to health and wellbeing.
Disseminated Invasive Mucormycosis Infection Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Cliff Edward R. Scheffer , Reynolds Gemma , Grigg Andrew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInvasive fungal infections (IFI) are challenging to predict, diagnose and treat, and are associated with a particularly high mortality among patients with hematological malignancies. They are relatively uncommon in patients with lymphoma, compared with those with acute leukemia or undergoing allogeneic transplantation. We present a patient, autografted for recurrent lymphoma, with fever and refractory diarrhea persisting post engraftment, eventually attributable to disseminated mucor infection. This case illustrates the challenge of timely diagnosis and initiation of treatment for IFI in lymphoma patients, who do not routinely receive antifungal prophylaxis, and the importance of aggressive investigation and symptom-directed tissue sampling for evidence of IFI in febrile immunocompromised hosts not responding to broad-spectrum antibiotics.
A dual risk model with additive and proportional gains: ruin probability and dividends
Authors: Boxma Onno , Frostig Esther , Palmowski Zbigniew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe consider a dual risk model with constant expense rate and i.i.d. exponentially distributed gains
$C_i$
(
$i=1,2,\dots$
) that arrive according to a renewal process with general interarrival times. We add to this classical dual risk model the proportional gain feature; that is, if the surplus process just before the ith arrival is at level u, then for
$a>0$
the capital jumps up to the level
$(1+a)u+C_i$
. The ruin probability and the distribution of the time to ruin are determined. We furthermore identify the value of discounted cumulative dividend payments, for the case of a Poisson arrival process of proportional gains. In the dividend calculations, we also consider a random perturbation of our basic risk process modeled by an independent Brownian motion with drift.
Adaptation of a bidirectional crisis and emergency risk communication framework by community-engaged research partnerships in rural Mississippi during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Washington Rodney , Weis Jennifer A. , Monger Mauda , Burse Nakeitra , Melvin Sandra Carr , Omondi Angela A. , Lohr Abby M. , Njeru Jane W. , Compretta Caroline E. , Sia Irene G. , Wieland Mark L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Community engagement is important for reaching populations at risk for health inequities in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A community-engaged risk communication intervention implemented by a community-engaged research partnership in Southeast Minnesota to address COVID-19 prevention, testing, and socioeconomic impacts has demonstrated high acceptability, feasibility, perceived efficacy, and sustainability. In this study, we describe the adaptation of the intervention by a community-academic partnership with rural African American populations in three Mississippi counties with high COVID-19 disparities. Intervention reach was assessed by the number of messages delivered by Communication Leaders to members of their social networks. Perceived scalability of the intervention was assessed by the Intervention Scalability Assessment Tool. Bidirectional communication between Communication Leaders and community members within their social networks was used by the partnership to refine messages, meet resource needs, and advise statewide decision-makers. In the first 3 months, more than 8482 individuals were reached in the three counties. The intervention was deemed to be highly scalable by partnership members. Adaptation of a community-engaged pandemic CERC intervention is feasible and scalable, and it has the potential to reduce COVID-19 inequities across heterogeneous populations. This approach may be incorporated into current and future pandemic preparedness policies for community engagement.
Real-world evaluation of a two-step testing algorithm for Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Hecker Michelle T. , Son Andrea H. , Zuccaro Patricia , Conti Jennifer , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring the 4 years after implementation of the 2-step Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) testing algorithm, 70% to 78% of patients with suspected CDI and a positive nucleic acid amplification test but a negative toxin test (NAAT+/TOX−) received CDI treatment. Overall, 73% of NAAT+/TOX− patients were classified as having probable or possible CDI.
Data science approaches provide a roadmap to understanding the role of abscisic acid in defence
Authors: Stevens Katie , Johnston Iain G. , Luna Estrella 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone well known to regulate abiotic stress responses. ABA is also recognised for its role in biotic defence, but there is currently a lack of consensus on whether it plays a positive or negative role. Here, we used supervised machine learning to analyse experimental observations on the defensive role of ABA to identify the most influential factors determining disease phenotypes. ABA concentration, plant age and pathogen lifestyle were identified as important modulators of defence behaviour in our computational predictions. We explored these predictions with new experiments in tomato, demonstrating that phenotypes after ABA treatment were indeed highly dependent on plant age and pathogen lifestyle. Integration of these new results into the statistical analysis refined the quantitative model of ABA influence, suggesting a framework for proposing and exploiting further research to make more progress on this complex question. Our approach provides a unifying road map to guide future studies involving the role of ABA in defence.
Achieving health through diet: a joint event of the Sabri Ülker Foundation and The Nutrition Society of UK and Ireland, May 2022
Authors: Evans Charlotte Elizabeth Louise , Besler Halit Tanju , Dinç Özge , Lean Michael E. J. , Lovegrove Julie Anne , Lowe Nicola M. , Mathers John , Mutuş Begum , Satman Ilhan , Tanriover Mine D. , Tedstone Alison , Theobald Claire , Unal Serhat , Vartiainen Erkki , Wall Rachel , Yardim Nazan , Stowell Julian D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptimum nutrition plays a major role in the achievement and maintenance of good health. The Nutrition Society of the UK and Ireland and the Sabri Ülker Foundation, a charity based in Türkiye and focused on improving public health, combined forces to highlight this important subject. A hybrid conference was held in Istanbul, with over 4000 delegates from sixty-two countries joining the proceedings live online in addition to those attending in person. The primary purpose was to inspire healthcare professionals and nutrition policy makers to better consider the role of nutrition in their interactions with patients and the public at large to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The event provided an opportunity to share and learn from different approaches in the UK, Türkiye and Finland, highlighting initiatives to strengthen research in the nutritional sciences and translation of that research into nutrition policy. The presenters provided evidence of the links between nutrition and disease risk and emphasised the importance of minimising risk and implementing early treatment of diet-related disease. Suggestions were made including improving health literacy and strengthening policies to improve the quality of food production and dietary behaviour. A multidisciplinary approach is needed whereby Governments, the food industry, non-governmental groups and consumer groups collaborate to develop evidence-based recommendations and appropriate joined-up policies that do not widen inequalities. This summary of the proceedings will serve as a gateway for those seeking to access additional information on nutrition and health across the globe.
Cartilage grafts mimicking cholesteatoma recurrence on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: a case series
Authors: Walters H , Lee-Warder L , Mentias Y , Arullendran P 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCholesteatomas present a high risk for residual and recurrent disease, and the surveillance of post-operative patients can be challenging. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is becoming the preferred method for investigating recidivism; however, false positive imaging findings increase the risk of patients undergoing unnecessary second look surgery.Case reportsThis study reports two patients with false positive diffusion restriction associated with cartilage grafts that mimicked cholesteatoma and resulted in second look surgery with no disease found at operation. This study also discusses the related medical literature, including potential causes of abnormal diffusion restriction and methods to negate this.ConclusionCaution should be exercised when considering second look surgery in the presence of a cartilage graft and a high confidence of disease clearance. A multi-disciplinary approach is recommended for the operating surgeon to review the images with a radiologist.
Unlikely Expropriators: Why Right-Wing Parties Implemented Agrarian Reform in Democratic Brazil
Authors: López Matias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhat motivated right-wing and conservative parties to endorse a policy of land expropriation and redistribution in Brazil? I argue that urban-dominated right-wing parties endorsed agrarian reform in order to: (i) reduce crime in wealthier metropolises by reversing rural–urban migration; and (ii) gain competitive advantage against left-wing challengers. To test this argument I conduct process tracing, analysing over 500 elite statements about agrarian reform, drawn from archival, interview and survey data. In addition, I model land expropriations at the municipal level and show how right-wing administrations disproportionately expropriated land in the states of origin of migrants and, within those, in localities where the Left was more competitive. My results portray how two externalities of inequality – crime and competition with the Left – motivated conservative support for agrarian reform in Brazil.
A time of need: Exploring the changing poverty risk facing larger families in the UK
Authors: Stewart Kitty , Patrick Ruth , Reeves Aaron 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite its significance in determining poverty risk, family size has received little focus in recent social policy analysis. This paper provides a correction, focusing squarely on the changing poverty risk of larger families (those with three or more dependent children) in the UK over recent years. It argues that we need to pay much closer attention to how and why poverty risk differs according to family size. Our analysis of Family Resource Survey data reveals how far changes in child poverty rates since 1997 – both falling poverty risk to 2012/13 and increases since then – have been concentrated in larger families. Social security changes are identified as central: these have affected larger families most as they have greater need for support, due to both lower work intensity and higher household needs. By interrogating the way policy change has affected families of different sizes the paper seeks to increase understanding of the effects of different poverty reduction strategies, with implications for policy debates in the UK and beyond. In providing evidence about the socio-demographics of larger families and their changing poverty risk it also aims to inform contested debates about the state’s role in providing financial support for children.
Impact of glaucoma on the spatial frequency processing of scenes in central vision
Authors: Trouilloud Audrey , Ferry Elvia , Boucart Muriel , Kauffmann Louise , Warniez Aude , Rouland Jean-François , Peyrin Carole 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by a progressive vision loss usually starting in peripheral vision. However, a deficit for scene categorization is observed even in the preserved central vision of patients with glaucoma. We assessed the processing and integration of spatial frequencies in the central vision of patients with glaucoma during scene categorization, considering the severity of the disease, in comparison to age-matched controls. In the first session, participants had to categorize scenes filtered in low-spatial frequencies (LSFs) and high-spatial frequencies (HSFs) as a natural or an artificial scene. Results showed that the processing of spatial frequencies was impaired only for patients with severe glaucoma, in particular for HFS scenes. In the light of proactive models of visual perception, we investigated how LSF could guide the processing of HSF in a second session. We presented hybrid scenes (combining LSF and HSF from two scenes belonging to the same or different semantic category). Participants had to categorize the scene filtered in HSF while ignoring the scene filtered in LSF. Surprisingly, results showed that the semantic influence of LSF on HSF was greater for patients with early glaucoma than controls, and then disappeared for the severe cases. This study shows that a progressive destruction of retinal ganglion cells affects the spatial frequency processing in central vision. This deficit may, however, be compensated by increased reliance on predictive mechanisms at early stages of the disease which would however decline in more severe cases.
Handel as Miscellany
Authors: DeSimone Alison 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring the early eighteenth century, music composed by George Frideric Handel began to circulate in miscellaneous publications of songs and arias. His music appeared in various forms. Some publications, such as four notable pocket collections published in the mid-1720s, preserve the music largely unchanged, although within a new sonic context. Other publications completely transform arias and even overtures into vocal works with new texts, creating layers of musical associations and meanings. Unauthorized appearances of Handel's music in songbook miscellanies and single-sided prints show alternative ways in which consumers may have heard and experienced the composer outside of the opera house or a concert setting. Examining these alternative sources for Handel's music allows for an enriched assessment of which works of the composer were critically and commercially appreciated during the early eighteenth century. Analysing appearances of Handel's music in songbook anthologies also offers insight into how musical miscellanies became ubiquitous forms of the production and reception of his works in the early eighteenth century.
Heat Transport by Mesoscale Eddies in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas
Authors: Bashmachnikov I. L. , Raj R. P. , Golubkin P. , Kozlov I. E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOcean vortices are an important regional agent of water transport and cross‐frontal exchange. This study is a first attempt to compare statistics of 3D properties of mesoscale eddies over the Norwegian and Greenland Seas. Results suggest that eddies in the central Greenland Sea are less intense, have smaller vertical extent and much smaller heat anomalies in their cores compared to eddies in the Lofoten Basin of the Norwegian Sea. In addition, these results suggest a relatively small inter‐basin eddy exchange. The large‐scale pattern of eddy translations shows that eddies cyclonically skirt the Norwegian‐Greenland region. There is also a regional cyclonic pattern in the Lofoten Basin with a consistent signature of eddy merger in the northern part of the basin. We confirm that eddies generated from the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current (NwASC) have a significant effect on the amount of heat the NwASC brings to the Arctic. The heat lost from the NwASC between the Svinoy and Sorkapp sections associated with the westward eddy heat transport translates to 70 ± 23 TW, 90% of which occurs in the Lofoten Basin. This accounts to 35% of the heat advected by the NwASC across the Svinoy section and is comparable with the heat loss in the Barents Sea. Interannual variability of the heat flux due to a change in the number of generated eddies is relatively small (∼10 TW). Nevertheless, our estimates suggest that, by varying temperature of their cores, the generated eddies can effectively damp temperature anomalies that propagate north along the NwASC.
The Coexistence of Gravity Waves From Diverse Sources During a SOUTHTRAC Flight
Authors: Alexander P. , de la Torre A. , Llamedo P. , Hierro R. , Marcos T. , Kaifler B. , Kaifler N. , Geldenhuys M. , Preusse P. , Giez A. , Rapp M. , Hormaechea J. L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe use observations from one of the SOUTHTRAC (Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics, and Chemistry) Campaign flights in Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula during September 2019 to analyze possible sources of gravity waves (GW) in this hotspot during austral late winter and early spring. Data from two of the instruments onboard the German High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) are employed: the Airborne Lidar for Middle Atmosphere research (ALIMA) and the Basic HALO Measurement and Sensor System (BAHAMAS). The former provides vertical temperature profiles along the trajectory, while the latter gives the three components of velocity, pressure, and temperature at the flight position. GW‐induced perturbations are obtained from these observations. We include numerical simulations from the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to place a four‐dimensional context for the GW observed during the flight and to present possible interpretations of the measurements, for example, the orientation or eventual propagation sense of the waves may not be inferred using only data obtained onboard. We first evaluate agreements and discrepancies between the model outcomes and the observations. This allowed us an assessment of the WRF performance in the generation, propagation, and eventual dissipation of diverse types of GW through the troposphere, stratosphere, and lower mesosphere. We then analyze the coexistence and interplay of mountain waves (MW) and non‐orographic (NO) GW. The MW dominate above topographic areas and in the direction of the so‐called GW belt, whereas the latter waves are mainly relevant above oceanic zones. WRF simulates NOGW as mainly upward propagating entities above the lower stratosphere. Model runs show that deep vertical propagation conditions are in general favorable during this flight but also that in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere and mainly above topography there is some potential for wave breaking. The numerical simulations evaluate the GW drag for the whole flight area and find that the strongest effect is located in the zonal component around the stratopause. The general behavior against height resembles that obtained with a local fixed lidar data. According to WRF results, up to 100 km horizontal wavelength MW account for about half of the force opposing the circulation of the atmosphere.
Distributions and Trends of the Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect in the 21st Century: Aerosol and Environmental Contributions
Authors: Yu Qiurun , Huang Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) is controlled by both aerosol distributions and environmental factors, making it interesting and important to quantitatively assess their effects on the ADRE inhomogeneity and climate trends. By analyzing the ADRE in the 21st century from a global reanalysis data set, we find that the spatial variability of the ADRE and its trends can be well explained by a linear regression model. In this model, scattering and absorbing aerosol optical depths (AODs) are used, along with critical environmental variables such as surface albedo and cloud radiative effect, as predictors. Based on this model, we find that approximately 70% of the ADRE inhomogeneity is due to the AOD distributions and the remainder is attributable to environmental factors. This study also shows that a stronger cooling effect of the scattering aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere drives northward cross‐equator meridional energy transport, although this transport exhibits a declining trend over the last two decades. The changes in surface albedo and cloud radiative effect strongly influence the trends in the regional ADRE and the meridional energy transport driven by them. In particular, the reduction of surface albedo (sea ice) is primarily responsible for the enhancement of the cooling ADRE, as well as an associated trend in meridional energy transport, in the Arctic.