bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of perceived patient benefit in a longitudinal cohort study of patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Wintermann Gloria-Beatrice , Abraham Susanne , Peters Eva M. J. , Beissert Stefan , Weidner Kerstin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) should be used to assess treatment success in psoriasis (PSO). However, the DLQI does not assess the importance and achievement of treatment goals. The Patient Benefit Index (PBI) is a questionnaire that takes both into account. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge about the modulating variables of the PBI and whether it can complement the assessment of the DLQI. In a longitudinal cohort study, 82 patients with PSO were assessed before and up to sixteen weeks after a new treatment episode. The PBI was compared with patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) (n = 61). The effects of gender, age, type of therapy, improvement in body surface area (BSA), anxiety/depression, DLQI and individual coping were assessed. “Getting better skin quickly” was most important in PSO. Improved BSA, anxiety/depression, DLQI, male gender and initiation of biological therapy had the most positive effects. Partial mediation was found for the reduction of anxiety/depression and improved coping. The PBI may be considered an appropriate outcome measure of treatment success in PSO, complementing the DLQI. Patients with clinically relevant anxiety/depression and inadequate coping should be offered adjuvant psychosomatic treatment.
Assessing clenbuterol’s modulation of metabolic and inflammatory pathways in Nile tilapia (Oreochromas niloticous) fed high fat diet
Authors: Rashwan Aya G. , Assar Doaa H. , Salah Abdallah S. , Abualreesh Muyassar H. , Salem Shimaa M. R. , Althobaiti Norah , Elbialy Zizy I. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study was performed to reveal the metabolic effects and molecular mechanisms that govern the dietary incorporation of clenbuterol on growth performance, haemato-biochemical changes, histological alteration, and gene expression regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in normal and high-fat diets fed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Six experimental diets were formulated, incorporating different concentrations of clenbuterol. The 1st three groups were supplemented with a diet comprising 6% fat, with clenbuterol of 0, 5, and 10 g/kg diet was designated as F6 clenb0, F6clenb5, and F6clenb10, respectively. The other treatment groups were fed a diet of 12% fat, with clenbuterol 0, 5, and 10 g/kg diet, respectively termed F12 clenb0, F12 clenb5, and F12 clenb10. The results revealed that compared to the control group, HFD exhibited a marked reduction in FBW, BWG, PER, and body protein percent but significantly increased the FCR, IPF, liver fat percent, and body ash percent with altered hematological parameters, raised serum biomarkers of hepatic and renal injury. HFD signally raised mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and declined nrf2 and antioxidative function-related genes. Also increased mRNA expression of lipogenic genes as FAS and SREBP-1c and gluconeogenic genes as pepck and g6pc while downregulated, pparα, cpt1, acox1. Nevertheless, clenbuterol supplementation significantly reversed the aforementioned findings induced by HFD. Clenbuterol inclusion significantly improves growth performance and antioxidant defenses by modulating nrf2 signaling and reducing inflammatory response, reduces fatty acid synthesis, and enhances mitochondrial β-oxidation not only functioning as a lipid regulator and effectively alleviating fat accumulation in the liver but playing an essential role in the control of glucose metabolism by reducing hepatic glucose production in high-fat diet-fed Nile tilapias well.
Organic ligands in whale excrement support iron availability and reduce copper toxicity to the surface ocean
Authors: Monreal Patrick J. , Savoca Matthew S. , Babcock-Adams Lydia , Moore Laura E. , Ruacho Angel , Hull Dylan , Pallin Logan J. , Nichols Ross C. , Calambokidis John , Resing Joseph A. , Friedlaender Ari S. , Goldbogen Jeremy , Bundy Randelle M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNutrient recycling by marine megafauna is a key ecosystem service that has been disturbed by anthropogenic activity. While some hypotheses attribute Southern Ocean ecosystem restructuring to disruptions in micronutrient cycling after the elimination of two million great whales, there is little knowledge of trace metal lability in whale excrement. Here we measured high concentrations of dissolved iron and copper in five baleen whale fecal samples and characterized micromolar levels of organic metal-binding ligands as a proxy for their availability. The iron-ligand pool consisted of weakly-binding ligands and intermediate-binding ligands which enhanced iron stability and potential bioavailability. In comparison, 47 novel strongly-binding metallophores dominated copper-binding, curtailing its potential toxicity. These results illustrate how marine megafauna transform prey biomass into highly-labile micronutrients that they inject directly into the surface ocean, a mechanism whaling reduced by over 90%. Thus, the rapid restructuring of pelagic ecosystems through overharvesting may cause large biogeochemical feedbacks, altering primary productivity and carbon sequestration processes in the ocean.
Relationships of eating behaviors with psychopathology, brain maturation and genetic risk for obesity in an adolescent cohort study
Authors: Yu Xinyang , Zhang Zuo , Herle Moritz , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth J. , Bokde Arun L. W. , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Brühl Rüdiger , Martinot Jean-Luc , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Lemaître Hervé , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Holz Nathalie , Bäuchl Christian , Smolka Michael N. , Vaidya Nilakshi , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schmidt Ulrike , Schumann Gunter , Desrivières Sylvane ,   on behalf of the IMAGEN consortium, Bromberg Uli , Büchel Christian , Ittermann Bernd , Fröhner Juliane H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnhealthy eating, a risk factor for eating disorders (EDs) and obesity, often coexists with emotional and behavioral problems; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Analyzing data from the longitudinal IMAGEN adolescent cohort, we investigated associations between eating behaviors, genetic predispositions for high body mass index (BMI) using polygenic scores (PGSs), and trajectories (ages 14–23 years) of ED-related psychopathology and brain maturation. Clustering analyses at age 23 years (N = 996) identified 3 eating groups: restrictive, emotional/uncontrolled and healthy eaters. BMI PGS, trajectories of ED symptoms, internalizing and externalizing problems, and brain maturation distinguished these groups. Decreasing volumes and thickness in several brain regions were less pronounced in restrictive and emotional/uncontrolled eaters. Smaller cerebellar volume reductions uniquely mediated the effects of BMI PGS on restrictive eating, whereas smaller volumetric reductions across multiple brain regions mediated the relationship between elevated externalizing problems and emotional/uncontrolled eating, independently of BMI. These findings shed light on distinct contributions of genetic risk, protracted brain maturation and behaviors in ED symptomatology.
Real-Time Imaging of Platelet-Initiated Plasma Clot Formation and Lysis Unveils Distinct Impacts of Anticoagulants
Authors: Suzuki Yuko , Mathews Nitty S. , Sano Hideto , Morooka Nanami , Honkura Naoki , Urano Tetsumei 
Published: January 2025

Background Fibrinolysis is spatiotemporally well-regulated and greatly influenced by activated platelets and coagulation activity. Our previous real-time imaging analyses revealed that clotting commences on activated platelet surfaces, resulting in uneven-density fibrin structures, and that fibrinolysis initiates in dense fibrin regions and extends to the periphery. Despite the widespread clinical use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), their impact on thrombin-dependent activation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and fibrinolysis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of different DOACs on the TAFI-mediated inhibition of fibrinolysis.
Methods Using human platelet-containing plasma, we performed turbidimetric assays, thrombin generation assays, and confocal laser scanning microscopy to assess the effects of anticoagulants on fibrinolysis.
Results and Conclusion Activated platelets-prolonged plasma clot lysis time, shortened by activated TAFI inhibitor (TAFIaI), positively correlated with the amount of thrombin generated. Rivaroxaban (an activated factor X inhibitor) and dabigatran (a direct thrombin inhibitor) dose-dependently shortened lysis time comparably. The highest concentration of DOACs showed no further shortening of lysis time with TAFIaI. The fibrin network structures initiated by activated platelets and the localization of fluorescently labeled plasminogen were unique for these two drugs. Rivaroxaban maintained an uneven fibrin network but promoted faster plasminogen accumulation and fibrinolysis from outside dense fibrin regions. Conversely, dabigatran resulted in a more even fibrin network, with fibrinolysis starting from the activated platelets and propagating to the periphery. Visualizing and analyzing the patterns of fibrin network formation, plasminogen accumulation, and fibrinolysis provide new insights into the specific impact of anticoagulants on coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Negative Predictors of Tooth Extraction in the Management of Odontogenic Sinusitis in a Japanese Patient Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hirasawa Kazuhiro , Otsuka Koji , Tomaru Renako , Ikehata Naoki , Tsukahara Kiyoaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction There are no clear guidelines for deciding between endoscopic sinus surgery and tooth extraction for the treatment of odontogenic sinusitis. Furthermore, tooth extraction does not necessarily improve sinusitis and eventually results in additional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Objective The present study aimed to retrospectively investigate negative predictive factors of tooth extraction for odontogenic sinusitis.
Methods In total, 22 patients with odontogenic sinusitis, who underwent tooth extraction between April 2017 and March 2021, were included. The patients were divided into the improved (n = 15) and non-improved (n = 7) groups. Subsequently, the two groups were compared.
Results A higher percentage of patients in the non-improved group had polyps in the middle nasal meatus (p = 0.0008), higher Lund-Mackay score (LMS) (p = 0.0008), and apical lesions penetrating the maxillary sinus (p = 0.113). Patients with middle nasal meatus polyps, with LMS ≥ 7, or with a combination of apical lesions penetrating the maxillary sinus and LMS ≥ 5, were less likely to see improvement in sinusitis with tooth extraction.
Conclusion Tooth extraction as the initial intervention for odontogenic sinusitis presents a higher risk of failure, particularly in cases in which polyps are present in the middle nasal meatus, with LMS ≥ 7, or with a combination of apical lesions penetrating the maxillary sinus and LMS ≥ 5.
Quenching dynamics in highly doped erbium fiber core-pumping, amplifier configuration
Authors: Hernandez Pablo G. Rojas , Pidishety Shankar , Nilsson Johan 
Published: January 2025

This study examines the influence of quenching dynamics on the efficiency of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with high erbium-ion (E3+-ions) doping concentrations, comparing pulsed and continuous wave core-pumping methods. Our findings indicate that quenching, driven by energy transfer upconversion, substantially impacts signal gain in these fibers. The core-pumping configuration demonstrated significantly higher gain per unit length than both low-doping EDFAs and cladding-pumping systems, with effective energy storage achievable through short pump pulses to reduce concentration quenching effects. The highly doped homemade fiber (fiber under test - FUT No. 3) achieved a gain per unit length exceeding 8.4 dB/m, outperforming the lower doped commercial fiber (FUT No. 4) by a factor of 6.4, although FUT No. 4 displayed better compatibility with the core-pumping system. Additionally, the highest gain per unit length for a counter-directional, cladding-pumped amplifier configuration with a high-concentration fiber was recorded at 5.9 dB/m at a 1560 nm signal wavelength with a 2 μs pulse duration, positioning FUT No. 3 as a highly efficient option for high-gain applications despite its high doping concentration. Our experimental analysis of quenching dynamics not only highlights an approach for scaling pulse energy using shorter fiber lengths to mitigate nonlinear effects but also provides valuable insights into quenching-influenced gain behavior in pulsed fiber amplifier systems.
NLP and education
Authors: de Gois Túlio Sousa , Freitas Flávia Oliveira , Tejada Julian , Freitag Raquel Meister Ko. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines the applicability of the Cloze test, a widely used tool for assessing text comprehension
proficiency, while highlighting its challenges in large-scale implementation. To address these limitations, an automated
correction approach was proposed, utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, particularly word embeddings (WE)
models, to assess semantic similarity between expected and provided answers. Using data from Cloze tests administered to students
in Brazil, WE models for Brazilian Portuguese (PT-BR) were employed to measure the semantic similarity of the responses. The
results were validated through an experimental setup involving twelve judges who classified the students’ answers. A comparative
analysis between the WE models’ scores and the judges’ evaluations revealed that GloVe was the most effective model, demonstrating
the highest correlation with the judges’ assessments. This study underscores the utility of WE models in evaluating semantic
similarity and their potential to enhance large-scale Cloze test assessments. Furthermore, it contributes to educational
assessment methodologies by offering a more efficient approach to evaluating reading proficiency.
Exploring soil-buoyancy interactions: experimental designs and educational implications for enhancing students’ scientific inquiry skills
Authors: Gu Zijian , Yang Jianwen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Buoyancy is a key concept in secondary school physics, but students encounter many difficulties in this content, among which ‘whether the object on the soil receive buoyancy’ is an important question. In order to solve this problem, we designed and carried out an experiment to suss out how soil impacts an object’s buoyancy. We did this by gauging the actual buoyancy versus the theoretical buoyancy of the object through two separate methods, and then we dug into the discrepancies between those two readings. The following conclusions were obtained: Objects on soil experience buoyancy, which varies with different types of soil. After demonstrating this experiment in teaching practice, the majority of students were able to gain a better understanding of buoyancy in daily life. This indicates that the experiment has a significant promotional effect on middle school students’ learning of the buoyancy chapter and using it to recognize buoyancy in daily life, and it can be used as one of the supplementary inquiry experiments in the education of middle school buoyancy courses.
Newton’s laws and static equilibrium: measuring deltoid force in an arm lifting a load while wearing a heavy suit
Authors: Mohottala Hashini , Lothamer Joseph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present our findings on the motion of the human arm in the context of physics education, focusing on measuring and calculating the deltoid force exerted by an arm when wearing a heavy suit, such as NASA’s spacesuit. Leveraging our understanding of human body mechanics and motion, we investigated this force using a 3D-printed arm model. The first goal of our research was to comprehend the mechanical impact of spacesuits on the human body, particularly the force required by the deltoid muscle to perform movements under increased weight and resistance. Simultaneously, we explored the use of a 3D printed arm model as an educational tool to enhance students’ understanding of torque and equilibrium. Our research has significantly impacted student learning by addressing a gap in demonstrations within human body-focused courses, leading to improved comprehension, increased classroom retention, and notable grade improvements, inspiring new educational tools and methods.
Environmental cosmic acceleration from a phase transition in the dark sector
Authors: Christiansen Ø. , Hassani F. , Mota D.F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A new degravitation mechanism within the framework of scalar tensor gravity
is postulated and included by prescription. The mechanism eliminates
all constant contributions from the potential to the Friedmann equation,
leaving only the kinematic and the dynamic terms of the potential to
drive cosmic acceleration. We explore a scenario involving a density-triggered
phase transition in the late-time universe, and argue that the resulting
effective energy density and equation of state parameter can explain
late-time cosmology when extrapolated to a region of the parameter space.
Cosmological roles of dark photons in axion-induced electroweak baryogenesis
Authors: Jeong Kwang Sik , Kang Ju Hyeong , Nakagawa Shota 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
By coupling to both the Higgs and electroweak gauge sectors,
an axion can generate the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe via
electroweak baryogenesis
when the axion decay constant lies within the range of approximately 105 and 107 GeV,
corresponding to axion masses between the MeV and GeV scales.
In this work, we explore the intriguing possibility that the axion interacts with a dark sector,
particularly with dark photons through anomalous couplings.
Notably,
axion-coupled dark photons can play multiple roles, including
(i) suppressing the branching ratio of axion decay to Standard Model (SM) particles,
which would otherwise conflict with the constraints from supernovae explosions, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and neutron star merger events,
(ii)
serving as a candidate for cold dark matter if they are massive and stable,
and (iii) contributing to dark radiation if they are ultralight.
The axion decouples from the SM thermal bath when it becomes non-relativistic,
facilitating the production of dark matter dark photons through the freeze-in mechanism,
while dark radiation dark photons are thermally generated prior to the electroweak phase transition.
Primordial black hole formation in a dust bouncing model
Authors: Barroso E.J. , Demétrio L.F. , Vitenti S.D.P. , Ye Xuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Linear scalar cosmological perturbations have increasing spectra in the
contracting phase of bouncing models. We study the conditions for which these
perturbations may collapse into primordial black holes and the hypothesis that these
objects constitute a fraction of dark matter. We compute the critical density
contrast that describes the collapse of matter perturbations in the flat-dust bounce
model with a parametric solution, obtained from the Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi metric
that represents the spherical collapse. We discuss the inability of the Newtonian
gauge to describe perturbations in contracting models as the perturbative hypothesis
does not hold in such cases. We carry the calculations for a different Gauge choice
and compute the perturbations' power spectra numerically. Finally, assuming a
Gaussian distribution, we compute the primordial black hole abundance with the
Press-Schechter formalism and compare it with observational constraints. From our
analysis, we conclude that the primordial black hole formation in a dust-dominated
contracting phase does not lead to a significant mass fraction of primordial black
holes in dark matter today.
Development and benchmarking of a thermal lumped model for the magnetron injection gun of the MW-power ITER European gyrotron
Authors: Antonione A. , Bertazzoni R. , Carannante G. , Cindric K. , Ferrari M. , Leggieri A. , Sanchez F. , De Tommasi G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With ITER’s re-baseline, the Electron Cyclotron Heating system has become of even higher importance with the multiple purposes of plasma heating, current drive, and instability suppression. ITER’s Electron Cyclotron Heating system is based on several gyrotrons, such as radio-frequency sources supposed to provide on-demand power in the order of megawatts in the millimeter-wave domain. Due to the non-linear dynamics involved in the gyrotron operation and the structure of the machine itself, controlling a gyrotron and preparing it in the shortest time possible to provide radiofrequency power represents a challenging task for the tokamak operations. Reliable models of the power source are essential to design effective control strategies. To this aim, we further developed a semi-physical thermal lumped model of the ITER European Gyrotron’s Magnetron Injection Gun available in literature. The model has been re-implemented in C++ for better computational performances and therefore making it particularly suitable to be exploited by data-driven model identification algorithms and real-time control codes. In this paper the model parameters are identified by using a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm on experimental data and the model validation is finally carried out on a dedicated dataset, aiming at providing a tool to design and to be integrated into the control system of the machine.
Design and evaluation of UKRI-MPW1: a monolithic HV-CMOS pixel sensor with high radiation tolerance
Authors: Zhang C. , Hammerich J. , Powell S. , Vilella E. , Wade B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A monolithic High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) prototype, UKRI-MPW1, has been developed to further improve the radiation tolerance of this technology, which is a promising candidate for future high-energy physics experiments. UKRI-MPW1 addresses the issues of high leakage current and parasitic channels identified in its predecessor, UKRI-MPW0, by incorporating an improved chip ring structure and a custom p-shield layer. Additionally, a new pixel flavour with an NMOS-only trimming Digital-to-Analogue Converter (DAC) further improves pixel performance. This chip has demonstrated a radiation tolerance of up to 3 × 1015 neq/cm2.
Protracted vegetation recovery after compound drought and hot extreme compared to general drought
Authors: Huang Mengtian , Zhai Panmao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recovery time is critical for accurate assessment of drought impacts on vegetation growth and terrestrial carbon dynamics. However, the dominant factors driving the spatiotemporal variation of recovery time are still poorly understood; hardly any research has focused on the comparison of recovery time between general drought and compound dry-hot events. This study examined recovery time of vegetation greenness post different drought types during 1982–2016 and attempted to identify the predominant factors determining vegetation recovery time over the globe. Our findings demonstrated protracted recovery of vegetation greenness after compound drought and hot extreme (CDHE) event compared to general drought in 68% of global vegetated area. Deciduous broadleaved forest exhibited the most remarkable difference between recovery time post CDHE (13.8 ± 5.6 months) and post general drought (9.3 ± 4.7 months). We also revealed that post-event moisture condition and long-term precipitation were the chief impact factors of drought recovery time.