bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cell Population in nu/nu Spleen Can Prevent Generation of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes by Normal Spleen Cells against Self Antigens of the nu/nu Spleen
Authors: Miller Richard G. , Derry Helen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from athymic nu/nu mice contain two kinds of physically separable active cells that can have very different effects on the generation of CL (cytotoxic lymphocytes) by normal LN cells in an in vitro response against allogeneic stimulator cells. They can provide an accessory cell required for the activation of CLP (cytotoxic lymphocyte precursor cells) which need not be H-2 identical to the CLP and will function normally even when H-2 identical to the stimulator cells. They can also provide a suppressor cell that prevents the activation of CLP that can recognize the H-2 of the nu/nu mouse. Thus, with A, B, and C to represent three H-2 different mouse strains, a culture containing CLP from strain A and nu/nu spleen cells from strain B or strain (A × B)F1 will produce CL against strain C or (A × C)F1 stimulator cells but not against strain B or strain (A × B)F1 stimulator cells unless the suppressor cell is first removed. It is proposed that the in vivo role of the suppressor cell in a normal mouse is to prevent the activation of CLP reactive against self.
In Vitro Analysis of Allogeneic Lymphocyte Interaction
Authors: Delovitch Terry L. , Sohn Uik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Allogeneic effect factors (AEF) were produced across an I-J subregion incompatibility. The helper activity of these AEFs is H-2 restricted since they help B cells only of the stimulator haplotype and of other haplotypes that carry the same I-J subregion gene(s) as the stimulator haplotype. Immunoadsorption studies demonstrate that they consist of I-J determinants derived initially from the GVHR host and MLR stimulator cells and not the GVHR donor and MLR responder cells used to generate AEF. It is postulated that the genetic restriction of AEF helper activity is mediated in part by the ability of the GVHR activated donor T cells to acquire, in vivo, recipient T cell and/or macrophage derived I-J determinants. Cellular adsorption studies indicate that AEF helper activity may be adsorbed by B cells, but neither T cells nor macrophages, of the stimulator haplotype. The results suggest that an I-J-positive AEF interacts with an I-J subregion controlled complementary recognition structure on a target B cell and, after antigenic stimulation, activates that B cell to IgG antibody synthesis.
Hybrid Resistance to BALB/c Plasmacytomas
Authors: Clare Walker Mary , Phillips-Quagliata Julia M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Genetic control of hybrid resistance to the BALB/c plasmacytoma MPC-11 was investigated. The results indicate that a single dominant autosomal gene or gene complex, which segregates independently of H-2 and the coat color c and b-loci, controls resistance to this tumor. This gene has the same strain distribution pattern in the CXB Bailey recombinant inbred strains as three unlinked genes, H-2, Ly-4, and Ea-4. It is possible, therefore, that it could be linked to either of the latter two loci. Strains that carry a positive allele for resistance are C57BL/10 and all of its congenic resistant partners tested, C57BL/6, C57L, C57BL/Ks, AKR, and DBA/1. BALB/c and its congenic resistant partners are presumed to carry a negative allele of the gene for resistance to MPC-11. Strains such as SJL, DBA/2, and A and its congenic resistant partners, which form susceptible hybrids with BALB/c, could carry either the negative allele of the gene for resistance, like BALB/c, or could carry both a positive allele of the gene and some other gene conferring susceptibility on the hybrids. Heterozygosity within the H-2 complex increases resistance only in the presence of this non-H-2 linked gene for resistance, and the effect maps to the left of the H-2D region.
Effects of Arachidonic Acid and Other Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Mitogenesis in Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Kelly James P. , Parker Charles W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of fatty acids and other lipids on mitogenic responses in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. Several-fold enhancement of tritiated thymidine incorporation was observed at 0.1 to 5.0 µg/ml concentrations of arachidonic acid. Other unsaturated fatty acids produced less marked changes. Increased responsiveness was demonstrable in a variety of media including RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Changes were also observed in uridine incorporation, total cell number, and blast transformation, indicating that the effect was not on thymidine transport or pool size per se. Arachidonic acid failed to affect PHA binding, indicating that the lectin-cell interaction was not being altered. Higher concentrations of fatty acids were inhibitory.
In Vitro Studies on the Biosynthesis of Rabbit C3: Evidence for the Synthesis of a Nascent Single Chain Precursor C3
Authors: Patel Feisal , Minta Joe O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Biosynthesis of C3 in rabbits was studied by examining the incorporation of 14C or 3H-labeled amino acids into C3 immunoprecipitable materials by liver organ cultures and by the in vitro cell-free translation of isolated liver poly A-mRNA in the rabbit reticulocyte system. On SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 14C-C3 immunoprecipitated from the extracellular culture medium migrated with an apparent m.w. of 200,000 daltons. In the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol it was found to dissociate into two polypeptide chains, the α chain, m.w. 130,000 and the β chain, m.w. 84,000. On the other hand, 14C-C3 immunoprecipitated from the postmitochondrial supernatant of the homogenized organ explants (intracellular C3) migrated as a single protein on SDS gels even in the presence of reducing agents.
Poly A-mRNA isolated from liver by phenol/chloroform extraction and column chromatography on oligo-(dT) cellulose was shown to direct the incorporation of 3H-leucine into TCA-precipitable protein in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Under optimal conditions the addition of exogenous mRNA resulted in a 5- to 6-fold increase in protein synthesis. The immunoprecipitated 3H-C3 migrated as a single peak of m.w. 200,000 under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. These results, taken in conjunction with the results obtained from the liver organ culture experiments, would suggest that C3 is initially synthesized as a single chain precursor protein and later modified to give the two-chain form found in serum.
Anti-DNA Activity of IgG F(ab′)2 from Normal Human Serum
Authors: Rubin Robert L. , Carr Ronald I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The components of normal human serum (NHS) which bound DNA in a standard assay for anti-DNA antibody were characterized. IgG was the major detectable protein isolated from NHS by affinity chromatography on DNA-cellulose. A second adsorption of the whole serum IgG with DNA-cellulose did not remove additional γ-globulin indicating that only a very small fraction of the IgG was capable of binding DNA. This binding activity was largely restricted to denatured DNA. IgG (Fab′)2 bound DNA as well as the intact molecules demonstrating the antibody-like nature of the IgG binding. These results suggest that IgG antibody to denatured DNA is a normal component of human serum.
Circulating and Tissue-Bound Immune Complex Formation in Murine Malaria
Authors: June Carl H. , Contreras Carmen E. , Perrin Luc H. , Lambert Paul H. , Miescher Peter A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immune complex formation during Plasmodium berghei infection of OF1 mice was investigated. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected by the Clq-binding assay and the conglutinin-binding solid-phase assay in lethal or drug-limited infections. CIC appeared on day 9 of infection, peaked on day 11, and disappeared only after complete cure of the infection. Analysis of the immune complexes detected by the Clq-binding assay revealed the following characteristics: sedimentation coefficients of 13S to 21S, resistance to DNAse, and selective removal by filtration through protein A bound to Sepharose. Glomerular deposits of IgM preceded the appearance of CIC, whereas deposits of IgG and C3 were concomitant with the appearance of CIC. Tissue-bound immunoglobulins were also found in the choroid plexus. The appearance of anti-malarial antibodies and malarial antigens in the serum was closely associated with a depression of C3 levels and the presence of CIC. Drug treatment was followed by normalization of C3 levels, and clearance of both CIC and malarial antigens.
A Biochemical Analysis of the Membrane-Associated Gene Products of Major Histocompatibility Complex of the Rat
Authors: Sporer Ruth , Manson Lionel A. , Götze Dietrich 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thus far, the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC), AgB or RTI, have been divided by recombinational analysis into two regions, AgB.A (RTI.A) coding for transplantation antigens (class I gene products) and AgB.B (RTI.B) controlling the humoral immune response (Ir genes) and the proliferative response to allogeneic cells (MLR, class II genes). In this study, an attempt was made by biochemical analysis to determine whether there exists more than one AgB.A (class I) gene product, as has been found in the mouse (H-2K and H-2D) and in the human (HLA.A and HLA.B antigens). NP40-solubilized 3H-fucose-labeled rat MHC membrane products were immunoprecipitated and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
Firstly, with a congenic anti-erythrocyte serum, only membrane structures with an approximate m.w. of 45,000 (AgB.A) were precipitated. A congenic anti-lymphocyte serum absorbed with erythrocytes precipitated antigens with an apparent m.w. of 33,000 and 28,000 (AgB.B) whereas the unabsorbed serum precipitated in addition a 45,000-dalton component (AgB.A). Secondly, sequential treatment of a DA (AgB4, RTIa) extract with a strongly cross-reactive serum followed by an (Lewis × BN.B2)F1 anti-AgB4-specific serum demonstrated that the AgB4 haplotype codes for at least two AgB.A and at least two AgB.B gene products.
Regulation of IgE Antibody Production by Serum Molecules
Authors: Katz David H. , Bargatze Robert F. , Bogowitz Cheryl A. , Katz Lee R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experiments presented in this paper were designed to test a new concept concerning the possible pathogenesis of the allergic phenotype. This concept, termed “allergic breakthrough” considers that one of the avenues toward the allergic phenotype involves coincidental sensitization combined with an imbalance in the normal damping mechanism that serves to limit IgE antibody production. The three predictions of this concept that can be tested experimentally are: 1) manipulations that are effective in heightening or re-establishing the damping mechanism should manifest persistence insofar as IgE antibody synthesis to the relevant allergen is concerned; 2) once allergic breakthrough has occurred, the height of production of IgE antibodies specific for the sensitizing agent should remain elevated at levels characteristic of the allergic phenotype, even after the threshold of damping activity has returned to a normal level; and 3) allergic breakthrough should display specificity in that breakthrough would occur in response to subsequent exposure to the specific antigen to which coincidental sensitization initially occurred, but not for other unrelated antigens. The studies presented herein confirm each one of these predictions, thereby providing substantial support for the validity of this concept as one possible distinguishing feature between individuals manifesting the nonallergic and allergic phenotypes, respectively.
Characterization of the Target Cell Receptor for IgE
Authors: Conrad Daniel H. , Helm Ricki M. , Yiu Suk Hing , Froese Arnold , Ishizaka Teruko , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies had shown that isolation of the receptor for IgE from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells by means of IgE-Sepharose yields two surface components having apparent m.w. of 55,000 and 45,000 daltons. In the present study, an antiserum to such a receptor preparation was induced in a rabbit. This antiserum, even though it could not initiate histamine release in vivo or in vitro, reacted with the RBL cell surface components bound to and eluted from IgE-Sepharose, as well as with these two components present in detergent extracts of surface-labeled RBL cells. It was also capable of reacting with IgE-receptor complexes. With this antiserum, it was possible to demonstrate that, when occupied by IgE, the 45,000 dalton component cannot be surface iodinated, whereas the 55,000 dalton component can. Moreover, it could be shown that both components are present in detergent lysates of surface-iodinated peritoneal rat mast cells (RMC). The results have also indicated that the 55,000 and 45,000 dalton components are present on both intact RMC and RBL cells. Moreover, the antibodies to the 45,000 dalton receptor component appeared to react with those parts of the receptor that do not make contact with IgE.
Tryptic-Peptide Identity of the GPLA-B.1 Alloantigens Derived from Noncongenic Inbred Strain 2 and Strain 13 Guinea Pigs
Authors: Rose Stephen M. , Hahn Yaffa , Schwartz Benjamin D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The guinea pig MHC, the GPLA complex, codes for the B and S classic histocompatibility antigens. Four alleles have been postulated at the B locus and two alleles at the S locus. Strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs have serologically identical B.1 and S antigens but differ by the I region. However, since these two strains do not have common parentage, it was unknown whether their B.1 molecules were structurally identical. This is an important consideration since the large body of immunogenetic data attributed solely to I region differences is based on this premise and therefore would be subject to reinterpretation if it should prove untrue. We have demonstrated that the primary structures of these two B.1 molecules are identical by performing isoelectric focusing and comparative tryptic-peptide mapping analysis.
The DHCB (PCA) guinea pig expresses the same I region as that of the strain 13 guinea pig, but has a different B alloantigen (i.e., B.3). Isoelectric focusing and comparative tryptic-peptide mapping analysis of this B.3 alloantigen have substantiated the serologic finding of nonidentity of the B.1 and B.3 molecules by showing that the two molecules do not share identical primary structure. However, the mapping data showed that there was 40 to 50% homology between the B.1 and B.3 molecules. This result is consistent with the findings in the mouse system for alleles of the same locus. Therefore, our study has demonstrated that the B.1 molecules from the two noncongenic strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs are structurally identical and that the B.3 molecule of the DHCBA guinea pig is most likely an allelic product of the B.1 molecule.
Neoantigen of the Complement Membrane Attack Complex on Cytotoxic Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Sundsmo John S. , Müller-Eberhard Hans J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neoantigenic determinants (neoAg) specific for the assembling membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy on the surface of cytotoxic lymphocytes during the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction. This study employed antibody-sensitized chicken erythrocytes as target cells, human peripheral blood lymphocytes as effector cells, and RITC-conjugated rabbit F(ab′)2-anti-neoAg. NeoAg was present on 60% of ADCC plaque-forming lymphocytes (PFL). Eight out of 182 neoAg-positive PFL were observed in direct contact with their target cells. In these cases MAC-specific neoAg was visualized at the zone of contact between the cells. Anti-neoAg Ig was found to inhibit ADCC plaque assays up to 62%; and 51Cr-release assays up to 79%. Stimulation of lymphocytes by PHA or mixed lymphocyte culture increased the expression of neoAg. In the case of PHA, increased neoAg expression was correlated with an increased incorporation of 14C-leucine into C5, C6, C7, and C8 antigens, which was detected by immunodiffusion and autoradiography.
Generation on Infected Fibroblasts of Human T and Non-T Lymphocytes with Specific Cytotoxicity, Influenced by Histocompatibility, against Measles Virus-Infected Cells
Authors: Wright Larry L. , Levy Nelson L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were incubated (sensitized) for 6 days on autologous or allogeneic fibroblast monolayers either uninfected or infected with measles virus. The sensitized PBL were then tested, in a 6-hr 51Cr-release assay, against autologous and allogeneic measles virus-infected and uninfected fibroblast target cells. When the PBL had been sensitized on autologous infected monolayers, they were cytotoxic to both autologous and allogeneic measles-infected targets but not to uninfected targets or to targets infected with paramyxovirus I (Sendai virus). Likewise, PBL sensitized on uninfected autologous (or allogeneic) monolayers had no cytotoxic activity against any of the infected or uninfected target cells. When the PBL had been sensitized on allogeneic infected monolayers, they were cytotoxic to measles-infected targets that were autologous either to the PBL themselves or to the sensitizing monolayer. These sensitized PBL were not, however, cytotoxic against third-party infected targets that were totally allogeneic to both the PBL and the sensitizing monolayer.
Subpopulation depletion studies revealed at least two different effector lymphocytes in the sensitized PBL. One such effector was a T cell whose activity would be generated on autologous measles-infected monolayers but not on allogeneic infected monolayers. The cytotoxic activity of this cell was measles virus specific, and it required that the effector recognize as self antigens of the MHC on the target cell. The second effector cell also required in vitro generation but could be so generated on both allogeneic and autologous measles-infected, but not uninfected, monolayers. It was a non-T cell that had a receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG but lacked nonspecific esterase activity. This effector was measles virus specific, in that it failed to lyse either uninfected targets or targets infected with Sendai virus (the latter of which could be lysed by fresh PBL). When this non-T effector was generated on allogeneic infected monolayers, its cytotoxic activity showed an unusual form of MHC-related specificity, in that it lysed infected target cells autologous to either the PBL or the sensitizing monolayer but not infected third-party target cells allogeneic to both. Evidence was discussed which argued that our non-T effector was neither a conventional K nor NK cell.
Amplification of the Proliferative Response to Alloantigen by a Factor Present in an Extract of Syngeneic Thymic Lymphoid Cells: Demonstration of Optimal Conditions and Target Cell for Factor Activity
Authors: Wright Peter W. , Loop Stephen M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A factor extracted from syngeneic thymic lymphoid cells (thymocytes) is shown to amplify the proliferative (MLC) response of syngeneic lymphoid cells to alloantigen in vitro. The optimal conditions for an effect of the thymus factor are quantitatively defined by kinetic and dose-response studies. Other variables that could potentially influence the activity of the thymus factor, such as the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and the source of alloantigen, are identified. Factor activity can be recovered from semi-allogeneic thymocytes, as well as syngeneic thymocytes. The factor appears to predominantly effect the proliferative response of T cells localized in peripheral lymphoid organs. As such, this factor appears to be distinct from the variety of previously described factors derived from thymic reticuloepithelial elements that are thought to primarily induce the differentiation of T cell precursors found predominantly in bone marrow. Several possible mechanisms of action of this thymocyte-derived factor are considered.
Enhanced Immune Response Late in Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection of Mice
Authors: Tinghitella T. J. , Booss John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection has been previously shown to depress humoral and cell-mediated functions to non-MCMV antigens. In this report we show that in C3D2 mice undergoing nonlethal primary infection the depressed anti-sheep RBC plaque-forming cell (PFC) response is followed by an enhanced PFC response. Infected mice often generated twice the number of PFC per spleen than that of control mice. Total numbers of spleen cells as well as the recovery of virus from spleens of infected mice did not distinguish the depressed from the enhanced phase of the response. Investigation of the kinetics of the response revealed a defect in shutdown regulation. This enhanced PFC response during primary MCMV infection was not reflected in measurements of serum hemagglutinin. These findings suggest that MCMV induces an impairment of immunoregulation.
Phenotypic and Physical Characteristics of the Lymphoid Cells Involved in the Immunity to Syngeneic UV-Induced Tumors
Authors: Daynes Raymond A. , Schmitt Mary K. , Roberts Lee K. , Spellman Craig W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that the inability of UV-irradiated mice to reject UV-induced fibrosarcomas is, at least in part, due to the presence of suppressor T lymphocytes. These cells appear to exert their influence by inhibiting the functional development of effector cells with specificity for cross-reactive tumor-associated antigens. In these experiments, we present evidence as to the nature of the cell types involved in the immunologic responses elicited against UV-induced tumors. The effector cells capable of establishing a state of tumor immunity are T lymphocytes that appear to lack demonstrable Ia determinants. The regulatory suppressor cells, previously shown to be T lymphocytes, have been determined to be Ia+ and functionally radiosensitive. The in vivo administration of anti-Ia antibody or the exposure of UV-irradiated tumor-bearing animals to low dose gamma radiation was capable of influencing the tumor susceptible state. This type of therapy, theoretically designed to selectively depress suppressor T cell function in vivo, appears to enhance the degree of tumor immunity by removing regulatory influences. We believe that these studies establish the importance of immunoregulatory mechanisms in host-UV tumor interactions.