bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The admissibility and persuasiveness of expert evidence
Authors: Altobelli Thomas , Smith Bruce Gordon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParenting plan evaluators are expert witnesses who offer their opinion. Courts in common law jurisdictions generally do not accept evidence of an opinion as it is not considered to be reliable evidence from which to establish a fact. An exception to that general principle is expert opinion evidence. In short, an opinion from a person with specialized knowledge or expertise about the area in which they are an expert may be sufficiently reliable to form an evidentiary basis from which to make a finding of fact, provided the opinion meets certain criteria. These criteria will be discussed in this article, as well as what is relevant, reliable and persuasive evidence. The relevant legal principles will be examined in an historical and contemporary, theoretical and practical context. The authors reflect on their considerable experience as consumers of expert evidence and apply this to parenting plan evaluations, as well as considering future challenges in the field.
Analysis of a nursing survey: Reasons for compromised quality of care in inpatient mental health wards
Authors: Thompson Elissa , Senek Michela , Ryan Tony 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrent evidence suggests understaffing is related to poor quality and missed care in a global context, but this relationship is complex. There is also a research gap for quality in mental health care in the United Kingdom that includes a wider set of patient outcomes. This paper aims to investigate RMN's perception of quality of care on their last shift, their self‐reported reasons for compromised care and potential impact on patient outcomes. A mixed methods approach, we used descriptive statistics to create a framework within which to qualitatively analyse data from the 2017 Royal College of Nursing (RCN) employment survey to consider the complex relationship between understaffing and care quality. We established three themes: ‘Understaffing’, ‘Professional Code Expectations and Moral Distress’ and ‘Management’. In line with the current evidence; lack of resources and understaffing were consistently present throughout. Nurses also felt pressure from the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code of conduct which in turn instilled shame and fear for their registration when they were unable to achieve the standards expected. This was further exacerbated by poor management and supervision; leading nurses to reflect on poor outcomes for patients which compromised not only legal rights but safety of patients and staff alike. We conclude that focusing on staffing numbers alone is unlikely to improve care quality.
Athletes and suspected catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: Awareness and current knowledge
Authors: Mascia Giuseppe , Brugada Josep , Arbelo Elena , Porto Italo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionCatecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a cardiac inherited arrhythmogenic disease potentially leading to sudden cardiac death that is determined by electrical instability exacerbated by acute adrenergic tone.Methods and ResultsDespite its life‐threatening nature, CPVT remains potentially unnoticed since diagnosis may be difficult especially in apparently healthy athletes. This review summarizes current knowledge and shortcomings of CPVT, focusing on genetics, arrhythmic mechanisms, sport preparticipation screening, and current recommendations.ConclusionsThe paper captures the importance of CPVT athletes regarding the necessity of risk stratification, as well as the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Catheter‐induced right bundle branch block: Practical implications for the cardiac electrophysiologist
Authors: Ali Hussam , Lupo Pierpaolo , Foresti Sara , De Ambroggi Guido , Anderson Robert H. , De Lucia Carmine , Turturiello Dario , Paganini Edoardo Maria , Bessi Riccardo , Contrafatto Igino , Farghaly Ahmad Abdelrady Abdelsalam , Cristiano Ernesto , Cappato Riccardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe right bundle branch (RBB), due to its endocardial course, is susceptible to traumatic block caused by “bumping” during right‐heart catheterization. In the era of cardiac electrophysiology, catheter‐induced RBB block (CI‐RBBB) has become a common phenomenon observed during electrophysiological studies and catheter ablation procedures. While typically transient, it may persist for the entire procedure time. Compared to pre‐existing RBBB, the transient nature of CI‐RBBB allows for comparative analysis relative to the baseline rhythm. Furthermore, unlike functional RBBB, it occurs at similar heart rates, making the comparison of conduction intervals more reliable. While CI‐RBBB can provide valuable diagnostic information in various conditions, it is often overlooked by cardiac electrophysiologists. Though it is usually a benign and self‐limiting conduction defect, it may occasionally lead to diagnostic difficulties, pitfalls, or undesired consequences. Avoidance of CI‐RBBB is advised in the presence of baseline complete left bundle branch block and when approaching arrhythmic substrates linked to the right His‐Purkinje‐System, such as fasciculo‐ventricular pathways, bundle branch reentry, and right‐Purkinje focal ventricular arrhythmias. This article aims to provide a comprehensive practical review of the electrophysiological phenomena related to CI‐RBBB and its impact on the intrinsic conduction system and various arrhythmic substrates.
Effects of blocking CD24 and CD47 ‘don't eat me’ signals in combination with rituximab in mantle‐cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Aroldi Andrea , Mauri Mario , Ramazzotti Daniele , Villa Matteo , Malighetti Federica , Crippa Valentina , Cocito Federica , Borella Chiara , Bossi Elisa , Steidl Carolina , Scollo Chiara , Voena Claudia , Chiarle Roberto , Mologni Luca , Piazza Rocco , Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMantle‐cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B‐cell non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) with a poor prognosis, at high risk of relapse after conventional treatment. MCL‐associated tumour microenvironment (TME) is characterized by M2‐like tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs), able to interact with cancer cells, providing tumour survival and resistance to immuno‐chemotherapy. Likewise, monocyte‐derived nurse‐like cells (NLCs) present M2‐like profile and provide proliferation signals to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), a B‐cell malignancy sharing with MCL some biological and phenotypic features. Antibodies against TAMs targeted CD47, a ‘don't eat me’ signal (DEMs) able to quench phagocytosis by TAMs within TME, with clinical effectiveness when combined with Rituximab in pretreated NHL. Recently, CD24 was found as valid DEMs in solid cancer. Since CD24 is expressed during B‐cell differentiation, we investigated and identified consistent CD24 in MCL, CLL and primary human samples. Phagocytosis increased when M2‐like macrophages were co‐cultured with cancer cells, particularly in the case of paired DEMs blockade (i.e. anti‐CD24 + anti‐CD47) combined with Rituximab. Similarly, unstimulated CLL patients‐derived NLCs provided increased phagocytosis when DEMs blockade occurred. Since high levels of CD24 were associated with worse survival in both MCL and CLL, anti‐CD24‐induced phagocytosis could be considered for future clinical use, particularly in association with other agents such as Rituximab.
Spleen stiffness: a new tool to predict high‐risk varices in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Gaspar Rui , Silva Marco , Cardoso Pedro , Goncalves Raquel , Andrade Patrícia , Macedo Guilherme 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionCirrhosis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Portal hypertension is the major contributor of cirrhosis‐related complications and is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) > 5 mmHg. Measurement of HVPG is an invasive, difficult, and costly procedure. Therefore, it is only performed in specialized centers. Liver stiffness measured with transient elastography is one of the most studied noninvasive markers of portal hypertension, and spleen elastography has recently emerged as an important adjuvant tool. The development of a new probe (100 Hz) that more reliably reflect the grade of portal hypertension evaluated by spleen stiffness measurement has improved the accuracy of this technique. The aim of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of spleen stiffness with the new dedicated probe to predict the presence of high‐risk varices, as well as to determine the ideal cutoff to predict it.MethodsProspective study of cirrhotic patients admitted to upper endoscopy that were also submitted to liver and spleen elastography with the 100‐Hz probe by the same blinded operator in a tertiary center.ResultsWe included 209 cirrhotic patients, with mean age of 61.9 years (±9.9), 77.0% male. The most common etiology was alcoholic liver disease (72.7%). The median value of liver elastography was 25.3 [4.5–75] kPa, and the median value of spleen elastography was 42.4 [7.6–100] kPa. At the cutoff of 53.25 kPa, we obtained sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 72.6% to predict high‐risk varices, and, according to this cutoff, 133/175 of esophagogastroduodenoscopy could have been spared (76.0%), while according to Baveno guidelines, only 51/175 would have been spared (29.1%).ConclusionIn the era of noninvasive exams, spleen elastography with the 100‐Hz probe emerges as an excellent tool for prediction of presence of high‐risk varices. At the cutoff of 53.25 kPa, spleen elastography avoids upper endoscopy for screening for high‐risk varices, promising to be become part of the hepatologists' daily routine.
Preparing for pragmatic trials in dementia care: Health equity considerations for nonpharmacological interventions
Authors: Aranda María P. , Baier Rosa , Hinton Ladson , Peak Katherine D. , Jackson Jonathan D. , Dilworth‐Anderson Peggye , Gitlin Laura N. , Jutkowitz Eric , Quiñones Ana R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInequities with regard to brain health, economic costs, and the evidence base for dementia care continue. Achieving health equity in dementia care requires rigorous efforts that ensure disproportionately affected populations participate fully in—and benefit from—clinical research. Embedding‐proven interventions under real‐world conditions and within existing healthcare systems have the potential to examine the effectiveness of an intervention, improve dementia care, and leverage the use of existing resources. Developing embedded pragmatic controlled trials (ePCT) research designs for nonpharmacological dementia care interventions involves a plethora of a priori assumptions and decisions. Although frameworks exist to determine whether interventions are “ready” for ePCT, there is no heuristic to assess health equity‐readiness. We discuss health equity considerations, case examples, and research strategies across ePCT study domains of evidence, risk, and alignment. Future discussions regarding health equity considerations across other domains are needed.
Natural variation of GmFATA1B regulates seed oil content and composition in soybean
Authors: Cai Zhandong , Xian Peiqi , Cheng Yanbo , Yang Yuan , Zhang Yakun , He Zihang , Xiong Chuwen , Guo Zhibin , Chen Zhicheng , Jiang Huiqian , Ma Qibin , Nian Hai , Ge Liangfa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) produces seeds that are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and is an important oilseed crop worldwide. Seed oil content and composition largely determine the economic value of soybean. Due to natural genetic variation, seed oil content varies substantially across soybean cultivars. Although much progress has been made in elucidating the genetic trajectory underlying fatty acid metabolism and oil biosynthesis in plants, the causal genes for many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) regulating seed oil content in soybean remain to be revealed. In this study, we identified GmFATA1B as the gene underlying a QTL that regulates seed oil content and composition, as well as seed size in soybean. Nine extra amino acids in the conserved region of GmFATA1B impair its function as a fatty acyl–acyl carrier protein thioesterase, thereby affecting seed oil content and composition. Heterogeneously overexpressing the functional GmFATA1B allele in Arabidopsis thaliana increased both the total oil content and the oleic acid and linoleic acid contents of seeds. Our findings uncover a previously unknown locus underlying variation in seed oil content in soybean and lay the foundation for improving seed oil content and composition in soybean.
Acetylcholine release from striatal cholinergic interneurons is controlled differently depending on the firing pattern
Authors: Arakawa Itsumi , Muramatsu Ikunobu , Uwada Junsuke , Sada Kiyonao , Matsukawa Noriyuki , Masuoka Takayoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow is the quantal size in neurotransmitter release adjusted for various firing levels? We explored the possible mechanisms that regulate acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic interneurons using an ultra‐mini superfusion system. After preloading [3H]ACh in rat striatal cholinergic interneurons, the release was elicited by electrical stimulation under a condition in which presynaptic cholinergic and dopaminergic feedback was inhibited. [3H]ACh release was reproducible at intervals of more than 10 min; shorter intervals resulted in reduced levels of ACh release. Upon persistent stimulation for 10 min, ACh release transiently increased, before gradually decreasing. Vesamicol, an inhibitor of the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), had no effect on the release induced by the first single pulse, but it reduced the release caused by subsequent pulses. Vesamicol also reduced the [3H]ACh release evoked by multiple pulses, and the inhibition was enhanced by repetitive stimulation. The decreasing phase of [3H]ACh release during persistent stimulation was accelerated by vesamicol treatment. Thus, it is likely that releasable ACh was slowly compensated for via VAChT during and after stimulation, changing the vesicular ACh content. In addition, ACh release per pulse decreased under high‐frequency stimulation. The present results suggest that ACh release from striatal cholinergic interneurons may be adjusted by changes in the quantal size due to slow replenishment via VAChT, and by a reduction in release probability upon high‐frequency stimulation. These two distinct processes likely enable the fine tuning of neurotransmission and neuroprotection/limitation against excessive output and have important physiological roles in the brain.image
Intranasal oxytocin does not change partner preference in female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus), but intranasal vasopressin decreases it
Authors: Zablocki‐Thomas Pauline , Lau Allison , Witczak Lynea , Dufek Madison , Wright Amber , Savidge Logan , Paulus John , Baxter Alexander , Karaskiewicz Chloe , Seelke Adele M. H. , Freeman Sara M. , Ferrer Emilio , Bales Karen L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStrong social bonds are critical to human health; however, the mechanisms by which social bonds are formed and maintained are still being elucidated. The neurohormones oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are considered likely candidates. Primate females, both human and nonhuman, remain understudied populations. Here, we conducted a pharmacological study coupled with a behavioral partner preference test (PPT) to better understand the mechanistic basis of attachment in adult female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus). This pair‐bonding species shares a conserved form of oxytocin with humans and is an excellent model organism to study the neural basis of social bonding. We performed intranasal administration of three doses of oxytocin (IN‐OT), two doses of vasopressin (IN‐AVP), one dose of an oxytocin antagonist (IN‐OTA) and one dose of a saline treatment. We found that compared to the saline control, the IN‐AVP treatment (lower dose, 40 IU/kg) decreased the time spent in proximity to the partner and increased lip‐smacking toward the stranger. We found no effects of IN‐OT or IN‐OTA manipulation on partner preference. In contrast, low‐dose IN‐AVP weakened the partner preference in female titi monkeys.
Cryolipolysis for fat reduction using Cooltech® Define technology: A large‐sample retrospective clinical study
Authors: Vignoli Fabrizio , Mármol Gregorio Viera 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCryolipolysis is a noninvasive technique for localized fat reduction, which induces selective apoptosis of the adipocytes using controlled exposure to intense cold. During the past 10 years, this technique has been shown to be safe and effective and its application has significantly increased. In this context, Cooltech® devices have been widely used around the world.AimsThe purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the removal of localized fatty tissue in different body areas using the new Cooltech® Define controlled cooling system.MethodsThis single‐center study was carried out on 287 patients, both female and male, treated with Cooltech® Define on different body areas for a total of 1118 procedures. Follow‐up evaluations were conducted to estimate efficacy and safety. Efficacy was evaluated through plicometry and photographs. Side effects were also reported.ResultsFold thickness showed a significant reduction (−69.91 ± 12.55%) after cryolipolysis treatment (fold thickness before: 35.33 ± 8.41 mm; fold thickness after: 10.69 ± 5.27 mm). Few side effects were reported, they included posttreatment pain (1.70%) and one case of paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (0.09%).ConclusionThe Cooltech® Define cryolipolysis device is a safe, effective, and well‐tolerated nonsurgical procedure for reducing localized fat.
Cross‐modal and cross‐cultural perceptions of parosmia
Authors: Tei Masayoshi , Sekine Rumi , Mori Eri , Mazal Patricia Portillo , Gupta Neelima , Enecilla Maria Lourdes Berioso , Hummel Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis international study aimed to investigate cross‐modal associations between parosmic sensations and visual information, as well as explore potential cross‐cultural differences; 393 parosmia patients from Argentina, Germany, Japan, and the Philippines participated. The patients were provided with a 63‐color chart encompassing diverse hues and a 20‐shape chart containing polygonal and curved shapes. Their task was to choose one color and one shape that matched their parosmic sensations. Results indicated that patients generally associated their parosmic sensations with brownish or greenish colors, darker colors, and polygonal or cloud‐like shapes. Significant cross‐cultural differences were observed, with Germans tending to select darker colors and edged shapes, while Japanese preferred brighter colors and curved shapes. These differences appeared to be related to the intensity of parosmia, which was higher among Germans. The study suggests a cross‐modal relationship between olfaction and vision, while also highlighting the influence of cultural factors on parosmia perception.Practical ApplicationsThe findings of this study have practical implications for understanding and managing parosmia symptoms, particularly in multicultural settings. Healthcare professionals can use the cross‐modal associations between olfactory sensations and visual information as a tool for assessment and diagnosis of parosmia patients. By considering the cultural background of patients, healthcare providers can better understand the nuances in their descriptions and interpretations of parosmic sensations. Additionally, the observed cross‐cultural differences in color and shape associations can inform the development of standardized assessment tools that are sensitive to cultural variations. This knowledge can enhance communication between patients and healthcare professionals, leading to more accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment approaches, and improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for cultural sensitivity in odor‐related research and the development of interventions for parosmia and other olfactory disorders.
Duration of monitoring after cessation of oxygen therapy in infants with bronchiolitis
Authors: Gilbert Yasmin , Shrapnel Jane , Lau Christine , Dalby‐Payne Jacqueline 
Published: September 2023

AimThere is no evidence for how long bronchiolitis patients should be observed after coming off oxygen therapy and wide practice variation exists. We aimed to investigate whether it is safe to discharge bronchiolitis patients 4 h after cessation of oxygen therapy.MethodsA retrospective single‐centre cohort study of 884 infants (n = 462 in 2018 vs. n = 422 in 2019) aged 0–24 months admitted with bronchiolitis in 2018 and 2019 was conducted after implementation of a bronchiolitis protocol recommending discharge home 4 h post‐cessation of oxygen therapy in 2019. We compared the rate of readmissions and Clinical Reviews/Rapid Responses in the pre‐ and post‐exposure cohorts.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in median (interquartile range (IQR)) time to discharge post oxygen cessation by 87 min (510 (370–1033) min versus 423 (273–904) min; P < 0.001) and in median (IQR) length of stay by 6.7 h (2.11 (1.54–2.97) days vs. 1.83 (1.17–2.71) days; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between readmissions in 2018 compared to 2019 (0.6% vs. 1.4%; P = 0.317). In 2018, there were two Clinical Reviews and in 2019 there were two Rapid Responses post‐cessation of oxygen. There were 89 patients discharged within 4 h of cessation of oxygen therapy (n = 18 in 2018 vs. n = 71 in 2019; P < 0.001) with no readmissions, Clinical Reviews or Rapid Responses in the 2019 cohort.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that patients can be discharged 4 h after cessation of supplemental oxygen without increased risk of adverse events.
Ten‐year impact of a Down syndrome pediatric clinic
Authors: Hickey Francis , Wolter‐Warmerdam Kristine , Winders Patricia , Holland Samantha , Kelminson Karen , Daniels Dee 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo report the 10‐year experience of a new pediatric Down syndrome (DS) center at one of the top 10 pediatric hospitals in the United States identified by U.S. News and World Report serving children and young adults with DS. This is a retrospective cohort study design of 1812 children with DS at a single, large, pediatric referral center specializing in DS. Children were identified from the comprehensive clinic database populated by the clinic's Visit and Intake Forms and electronic medical records. The average age at initial clinic visit was 5.50 years (SD ± 5.64). Most patients had a gastrointestinal diagnosis (n = 1319, 72.8%), ophthalmologic anomaly (n = 1286, 71.0%), cardiac defect (n = 1056, 58.3%), and obstructive sleep apnea (n = 975, 53.8%). The most common referrals made for American Academy of Pediatrics DS Guidelines compliance were for labs (n = 1152), audiology (n = 1145), ophthalmology (n = 966), and cardiology (n = 491). Clinic outreach to community pediatricians to ensure compliance with guidelines was statistically impactful with audiology (2017–2020 = 59.8%; 2011–2016 = 65.5%) and sleep study referrals (2017–2020 = 17.2%; 2011–2016 = 28.0%). Over its 10 years, the DS pediatric clinic produced over 9800 department and 5250 testing or procedure referrals. The highest volume procedures were in ear, nose, and throat with tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy and pressure equalizer tubes. Our data support that the pediatric DS clinic model can positively impact the overall health measures of patients and produce significant revenue generated by referral appointments, testing, and procedures.