bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitroanalysis of antiangiogenic activity of fungi isolated from clinical cases of equine keratomycosis
Authors: Welch Patrick M. , Gabal Moustafa , Betts Daniel M. , Whelan Nick C. , Studer Michele E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this project was to explore the possibility that fungal organisms produce metabolites that inhibit angiogenesis.ProceduresFungal cultures were obtained from cases of keratomycosis, grown in Sabouraud's dextrose broth, and sterile filtered for use in experiments. The Matrigel assay was used to screen the filtrate samples for antiangiogenic activity. Martigel is a basement membrane matrix that supports the differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells into a capillary‐like network of tubules. HUVE cells were cultured using standard techniques and passaged at confluence, with all cells being used at passage 3–6. HUVE cells (40 000 cells) were pipetted into each well of a 24‐well tissue‐culture plate coated with Matrigel. An aliquot of fungal media filtrate was added to each well and the plates allowed to incubate for 18 h, at which time they were evaluated for tubule formation.ResultsTwo fungal isolates showed inhibition of tubule formation. The addition of 100, 200 and 400 μL of the fungal media filtrate from the first isolate (Fusariumsp. 99A34574) produced a consistent and dose‐dependent inhibition of tubule formation. The second isolate (Aspergillussp. 271599) did not show inhibition of tubule formation with 100 or 200 μL added to the wells, however, it did show inhibition at 400 μL/well. The remaining three isolates did not cause inhibition at any concentration.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that certain fungal organisms produce metabolites that inhibit tubule formationin vitro, and that these metabolites may play a significant role in altering the host vascular response to fungal infections of the cornea.
Inferomedial placement of a single‐entry subpalpebral lavage tube for treatment of equine eye disease
Authors: Giuliano Elizabeth A. , Maggs David J. , Moore Cecil P. , Boland Lisa A. , Champagne Erin S. , Galle Laurence E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to describe method of placement, and frequency and severity of complications associated with a subpalpebral lavage system placed in the medial aspect of the equine inferior eyelid. The inferomedial subpalpebral lavage (ISPL) tube is positioned deep in the medial aspect of the inferior conjunctival fornix so that the footplate lies flat between the lower eyelid and the anterior surface of the nictitans. Retrospective data from the placement of 92 ISPL systems placed in 86 horses during a 31‐month period were examined. Tube placement was performed using sedation and regional anesthesia only in 59% of horses. The median duration of tube placement was 19 days (range: 1–61 days). Seventy‐one horses were treated for up to 55 days following discharge from hospital with an ISPL tube in place. No complications were reported with 59% of ISPL systems. Non‐ocular complications were found in 38% of ISPL systems and included tube displacement from the conjunctival fornix (18%), suture loss requiring resuturing of the system to the horse's head (14%), and damage necessitating replacement of the injection port (6%). Ocular complications were recorded in 3% of horses and were limited to inferior eyelid swelling. Vision was retained in 88% of horses. The ISPL system is easily and safely placed, and well tolerated for extended periods. It appears to be associated with infrequent and minor complications when compared with placement of subpalpebral lavage tubes in the superior eyelid.
Cataract phacofragmentation in horses
Authors: Millichamp Nicholas J. , Dziezyc Joan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCataract surgeries were carried out in fifty‐one eyes of 36 horses over a 15‐year period. Cataracts were removed using phacofragmentation and aspiration. Useful vision was restored after surgery in 30 horses. One year after surgery 16 of the 19 horses for which follow up information was available were still visual with several still being used as working horses. At 5–6 years after surgery three horses were still visual. The most frequent intraoperative complication was tearing of the posterior lens capsule. The most frequent postoperative problem was superficial corneal ulceration. Four eyes in three horses developed postoperative infectious endophthalmitis resulting in blindness.
Systemic effects of topical and subconjunctival ophthalmic atropine in the horse
Authors: Williams Melanie M. , Spiess Bernhard M. , Pascoe Peter J. , O'Grady Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract Objective To identify any systemic effects of topical and subconjunctival administration of atropine sulfate in the horse. Animals studied Six mature grade horses were treated hourly in one eye with topical ophthalmic atropine drops for 24 h. Five horses were treated subconjunctivally in one eye with 3 mg of atropine sulfate. Procedures Pupillary light reflexes, pupil size, electrocardiographic parameters, girth measurements, intestinal motility, and clinical signs of abdominal pain were monitored. Results Alteration in ausculated gut motility and clinical signs of abdominal pain were the most sensitive indicators of the systemic manifestations of the topically applied atropine. Gut motility was absent in all horses for periods of 2–18 h in all four abdominal quadrants in horses given topically administrated atropine. Sings of abdominal pain were observed in four of six horses that received topical atropine. In the subconjunctival test study, gut motility was absent in three horses for periods of 3–7 h. Uniocular subconjunctival injection of 3 mg atropine sulfate produced signs of abdominal pain in one of six horses. Conclusion The ophthalmic administration of atropine can affect gut motility and induce signs of colic in selected horses.
Orbital fibroma in a horse
Authors: Colitz Carmen M. H. , Gilger Brian C. , Davidson Michael G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old American Quarterhorse gelding presented for moderate periorbital swelling and exophthalmia of the left eye. The menace response, and direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes were absent in the left eye. Conjunctival hyperemia, blepharedema, a mydriatic pupil, resistance to retropulsion, and an increased intraocular pressure were present. A soft‐tissue mass could be palpated in the left retrobulbar space by pressing onto the orbit over the supraorbital fossa. Incomplete surgical resection of the mass was performed and histopathologic evaluation was consistent with a fibroma. Normal pupillary light reflexes and vision returned following surgery. The mass has not recurred 14 months after surgery.
Lateral interaction by Laplacian‐based graph smoothing for deep neural networks
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Wang Zuoren , Liu Cheng‐Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLateral interaction in the biological brain is a key mechanism that underlies higher cognitive functions. Linear self‐organising map (SOM) introduces lateral interaction in a general form in which signals of any modality can be used. Some approaches directly incorporate SOM learning rules into neural networks, but incur complex operations and poor extendibility. The efficient way to implement lateral interaction in deep neural networks is not well established. The use of Laplacian Matrix‐based Smoothing (LS) regularisation is proposed for implementing lateral interaction in a concise form. The authors’ derivation and experiments show that lateral interaction implemented by SOM model is a special case of LS‐regulated k‐means, and they both show the topology‐preserving capability. The authors also verify that LS‐regularisation can be used in conjunction with the end‐to‐end training paradigm in deep auto‐encoders. Additionally, the benefits of LS‐regularisation in relaxing the requirement of parameter initialisation in various models and improving the classification performance of prototype classifiers are evaluated. Furthermore, the topologically ordered structure introduced by LS‐regularisation in feature extractor can improve the generalisation performance on classification tasks. Overall, LS‐regularisation is an effective and efficient way to implement lateral interaction and can be easily extended to different models.
D2LFS2Net: Multi‐class skin lesion diagnosis using deep learning and variance‐controlled Marine Predator optimisation: An application for precision medicine
Authors: Dillshad Veena , Khan Muhammad Attique , Nazir Muhammad , Saidani Oumaima , Alturki Nazik , Kadry Seifedine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn computer vision applications like surveillance and remote sensing, to mention a few, deep learning has had considerable success. Medical imaging still faces a number of difficulties, including intra‐class similarity, a scarcity of training data, and poor contrast skin lesions, notably in the case of skin cancer. An optimisation‐aided deep learning‐based system is proposed for accurate multi‐class skin lesion identification. The sequential procedures of the proposed system start with preprocessing and end with categorisation. The preprocessing step is where a hybrid contrast enhancement technique is initially proposed for lesion identification with healthy regions. Instead of flipping and rotating data, the outputs from the middle phases of the hybrid enhanced technique are employed for data augmentation in the next step. Next, two pre‐trained deep learning models, MobileNetV2 and NasNet Mobile, are trained using deep transfer learning on the upgraded enriched dataset. Later, a dual‐threshold serial approach is employed to obtain and combine the features of both models. The next step was the variance‐controlled Marine Predator methodology, which the authors proposed as a superior optimisation method. The top features from the fused feature vector are classified using machine learning classifiers. The experimental strategy provided enhanced accuracy of 94.4% using the publicly available dataset HAM10000. Additionally, the proposed framework is evaluated compared to current approaches, with remarkable results.
Hierarchical game theoretical distributed adaptive control for large scale multi‐group multi‐agent system
Authors: Dey Shawon , Xu Hao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a distributed adaptive formation control for large‐scale multi‐agent systems (LS‐MAS) that addresses the heavy computational complexity and communication traffic challenges while directly extending conventional distributed control from small scale to large scale. Specifically, a novel hierarchical game theoretic algorithm is developed to provide a feasible theory foundation for solving LS‐MAS distributed optimal formation problem by effectively integrating the mean‐field game (MFG), the Stackelberg game, and the cooperative game. In particular, LS‐MAS is divided into multiple groups geographically with each having one group leader and a significant amount of followers. Then, a cooperative game is used among multi‐group leaders to formulate distributed inter‐group formation control for leaders. Meanwhile, an MFG is adopted for a large number of intra‐group followers to achieve the collective intra‐group formation while a Stackelberg game is connecting the followers with their corresponding leader within the same group to achieve the overall LS‐MAS multi‐group formation behavior. Moreover, a hybrid actor–critic‐based reinforcement learning algorithm is constructed to learn the solution of the hierarchical game‐based optimal distributed formation control. Finally, to show the effectiveness of the presented schemes, numerical simulations and Lyapunov analysis is performed.
Wideband low‐profile magneto–electric dipole antenna stacked with patch and metasurface
Authors: Nagarnaik S. , Mukherjee J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHere, a novel low‐profile wideband and high‐gain magnetoelectric dipole antenna with metasurface superstrate is proposed. The magnetoelectric dipole antenna printed on single layer consists of a probe fed patch with four shorted patches arranged symmetrically. Gain enhancement is achieved by placing two side walls and metasurface superstrate with an air gap. Additional rectangular patch connected to the same probe is placed above the magnetoelectric dipole antenna within an air gap. This improves impedance bandwidth, gain and efficiency significantly. Overall profile of antenna is 0.15 λ0, which is lower compared to conventional magnetoelectric dipole antennas with a profile of 0.25λ0. The proposed antenna fabricated on FR4 substrate shows 57% of wide impedance bandwidth from 3.63 to 6.57 GHz with overall size of 1λ0 × 1λ0 × 0.15λ0. The maximum gain in the operating band is 10.2 dBi.
Multi‐objective single‐shot neural architecture search via efficient convolutional filters
Authors: Shariatzadeh Seyed Mahdi , Fathy Mahmood , Berangi Reza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for fast neural architecture search (NAS) in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for end‐to‐end License Plate Recognition (LPR). The authors propose a one‐shot schema that considers the efficiency of different convolutional filters to create a search space for more efficient architectures on vector processing cores. The authors’ approach utilizes a super‐network for LPR using Connectionist‐Temporal‐Cost (CTC) and ranks the importance of filters to generate a fine‐grain list of architectures. These architectures are evaluated in a multi‐objective manner, resulting in several Pareto‐optimal architectures with different computational costs and validation errors. Rather than using a single complicated building block for all layers, the authors’ method allows each stage to select a custom building block with fewer or more operations. The authors show that their super‐network is flexible to calculate filters of any required size and stride in each stage while keeping it efficient by the structural pruning. The authors’ experiments, which were performed on Iranian LPR, demonstrate that this method produces a variety of fast and efficient CNNs. Furthermore, the authors discuss the potential of this method for use in other areas of CNN application.
Design consideration for frequency containment reserve provisions by a multi‐terminal HVDC system
Authors: Shinoda Kosei , Dai Jing , Bakhos Gianni , Gonzalez‐Torres Juan Carlos , Benchaib Abdelkrim , Bacha Seddik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFrequency control is considered to be an important function of multi‐terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems. Sharing frequency containment reserves (FCRs) among interconnected AC systems using HVDC technology is particularly attractive in the European context. However, coordination of the contribution between systems with different sizes, quality requirements, and dynamic characteristics requires harmonized rules and well‐defined control strategies. If the controllers are not properly designed, they can lead to disproportional supports, noncompliance with the existing regulation framework, or even degradation of the frequency quality. This paper presents a general analytical methodology for assessing the compliance of MTDC grid control solutions to the essential requirements of the FCR framework, and then examines three different implementation solutions as illustrative examples to validate the method. Through this process, the interaction mechanisms behind each solution are analytically clarified. The performance analyses are then confirmed using load‐frequency models of CE, Nordic, and GB systems coupled with a three‐terminal DC system. It is revealed that, while certain control solutions result in insufficient performance with respect to the desired FCR provision, the newly proposed distributed solution for each pair of converters is the most compliant with the existing framework thanks to the highest degrees of freedom.
A grid voltage perturbations based bidirectional impedance uniform control for grid‐connected DC/AC converter
Authors: Liu Li , Ding Yu , Peng Fei , Tian Yanjun , Wang Kun , Chen Zhe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor bidirectional grid‐connected DC/AC converters, the power flow variation substantially alters the system stability, and especially severs under heavy load. Towards this problem, this paper proposes a novel impedance uniform control method to eliminate the stability degradation under power flow variations, which is achieved by reshaping the converter negative incremental impedance to resistive in the stability fragile mode. The d‐axis voltage perturbation is extracted to dynamically modify the active power current reference. Hence, the system bidirectional damping performance can be simultaneously improved by this dedicated design. Without switching control modes or sacrificing dynamic performance, the grid‐connected converter system can maintain satisfied stability under bidirectional power flow variations. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method has been validated by both simulations and experiments.
Spatial focusing algorithm for source enumeration with rotating uniform circular sonar arrays
Authors: Liang Guolong , Liu Guolong , Hao Yu , Zou Nan , Zhao Chunpeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSource enumeration with large snapshots is feasible for a static uniform circular sonar array (UCSA). However, the dimension of the signal subspace in the array coordinate system exceeds the number of signal sources due to the rotation of the UCSA, which makes standard source enumeration ineffective. To address this issue, a spatial focusing approach for source enumeration with rotating UCSAs is presented. The approach is based on the concept of phase‐mode excitation and makes use of the UCSA heading information to achieve spatial focusing. The proposed algorithm provides reliable source enumeration with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) when compared to the previous signal‐subspace transformation (SST) method. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other three methods in the conditions of a low SNR and a small angular separation.
Higher order ionospheric effects in testing gravitational redshift by space frequency signal transfer
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Shen Wen-Bin , Wang Chenxiang , Shen Ziyu , Cai Chenghui , Sun Xiao , Xu Wei , Xu Rui , Ruby Abdelrahim , Ashry Mostafa 
Published: August 2023

Context.When a microwave passes through the ionosphere, it produces ionospheric refraction and path bending, leading to changes in frequency and reducing the accuracy of frequency transmission. Currently, the Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES, 2023) and China Space Station (CSS, 2022) carry atomic clocks with a long-term stability of 10−16and 10−18. The accuracy of the frequency comparison and gravitational redshift (GRS) test matches the corresponding order of magnitude.Aims.Based on ground-space frequency links and considering the frequency shift caused by the higher order terms of the ionosphere, the gravitational redshift (GRS) test could be achieved at a higher level of accuracy.Methods.We formulated a higher order ionospheric frequency shift model and analyzed the ionosphere effects on the one-way frequency transfer, as well as the dual- and tri-frequency combination methods, for frequency transfer between a space station (ACES or CSS) and a ground-based station.Results.The analysis shows that for one-way frequency transfer, the second-order ionospheric frequency shift is about 10−15, 10−17, and 10−18for theS-,Ku-, andKa-bands, respectively. The second- and third-order ionospheric frequency shifts were eliminated using the dual-frequency combination method for CSS frequency transfer. When using the tri-frequency combination method for frequency transfer, the second ionospheric frequency shifts are about 10−16~ 10−17for ACES and 10−19for CSS, while the third-order frequency shifts are smaller than 10−19for two missions.Conclusions.Concerning the current atomic clock’s accuracy and microwave link frequencies for ACES and CSS missions, the second-order ionospheric frequency shift needs to be considered and eliminated, but the third-order term does not need to be considered. To get the accuracy of the GRS test to reach 10−6~ 10−8, we can use the dual- or tri-frequency combination method. Our study also shows that even for the mm accuracy level requirement, the third-order ionospheric frequency shift can be neglected.
Measuring the numerical viscosity in simulations of protoplanetary disks in Cartesian grids
Authors: Joseph Jibin , Ziampras Alexandros , Jordan Lucas , Turpin George A. , Nelson Richard P. 
Published: August 2023

Context. Hydrodynamical simulations solve the governing equations on a discrete grid of space and time. This discretization causes numerical diffusion similar to a physical viscous diffusion, the magnitude of which is often unknown or poorly constrained. With the current trend of simulating accretion disks with no or very low prescribed physical viscosity, it has become essential to understand and quantify this inherent numerical diffusion in the form of a numerical viscosity.
Aims. We study the behavior of the viscous spreading ring and the spiral instability that develops in it. We aim to use this setup to quantify the numerical viscosity in Cartesian grids and study its properties.
Methods. We simulated the viscous spreading ring and the related instability on a two-dimensional polar grid using PLUTO as well as FARGO, ensuring the convergence of our results with a resolution study. We then repeated our models on a Cartesian grid and measured the numerical viscosity by comparing results to the known analytical solution using PLUTO and Athena++.
Results. We find that the numerical viscosity in a Cartesian grid scales with resolution as approximately vnum ∝ Δx2 and is equivalent to an effective α ~ 10−4 for a common numerical setup. We also showed that the spiral instability manifests as a single leading spiral throughout the whole domain on polar grids. This is contrary to previous results and indicates that sufficient resolution is necessary in order to correctly resolve the instability.
Conclusions. Our results are relevant in the context of models where the origin should be included in the computational domain, or when polar grids cannot be used. Examples of such cases include models of disk accretion onto a central binary and, inherently, Cartesian codes.