bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory and kinetic modeling of electrochemical cation-coupled electron transfer reactions
Authors: Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA simple Hamiltonian Marcus-type model for cation-coupled electron transfer reactions is introduced, and an expression for the activation energy is derived. The expression is mathematically similar to the classical Frumkin correction. The model explains how cations lower the activation energy for the Volmer reaction in alkaline media and how cations help stabilizing the first intermediate in electrochemical CO2 reduction. The second part of the paper introduces the cation effect in a more empirical way in an effective rate law and shows how coupling to local pH changes and the corresponding interfacial cation concentration leads to deviations from the standard Butler-Volmer behavior and to non-linear Tafel plots.
Simulation of groundwater flow and seawater intrusion in response to climate change and human activities on the coastal aquifer of Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: Musallam Iyad , Zhou Yangxiao , Jewitt Graham 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study has investigated the potential impact of human activities and climate change on the groundwater budget, water levels, and seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer of the Gaza Strip (State of Palestine) over the next two decades. The impact of a proposed measure to use alternative freshwater provision from desalinated seawater on the future groundwater quantity and quality was also analyzed. Following extensive analysis of available observed data, a three-dimensional groundwater flow model, coupled with variable-density saltwater flow and transport components, was utilized for the investigations. Compared with the benchmark scenario (SC0), the climate change scenario (SC1) suggests that over the next two decades, an average annual aquifer recharge of 6.3 Mm3 can be expected, while the human activities scenario (SC2) indicates that the groundwater levels will decline at a rate of 0.09 m/year with expected urban area expansion. The combined human activities and climate change scenario (SC3) indicate severe groundwater storage depletion and seawater intrusion over the next two decades. The alternative freshwater provision scenario (SC4) indicates a strongly positive response in groundwater recovery (quantity and quality) over the next decades. The findings of this study emphasize strongly that the human activity impact, rather than climate change, is the driving force of groundwater depletion and that groundwater recovery interventions will be crucial in the future and should be implemented urgently.
The impacts of working from home on individual health and well-being
Authors: Denzer Manuel , Grunau Philipp 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing a novel German linked employer–employee dataset, we provide unique evidence about the consequences of working from home (WfH) on individual health and well-being. During the recent pandemic, this locational flexibility measure has been used extensively to promote health by hampering the spread of the virus and to secure jobs. However, its direct theoretical ambiguous effects on health and well-being as characterized by different potential channels have barely been empirically investigated to date despite WfH’s increasing popularity in the years before the pandemic. To address concerns about selection into WfH in our dataset that is unaffected by the COVID-19 shock, our analysis relies on an identification strategy ruling out confounding effects by time-invariant unobservable variables. Moreover, we explain the remaining (intertemporal) variation in the individual WfH status by means of an instrumental variable strategy using variation in equipment with mobile devices among establishments. We find that subjective measures of individual health are partly affected by WfH, whereas no corresponding effect is present for an objective measure of individual health. In terms of individual well-being, we find that WfH leads to considerable improvement. By addressing the potential heterogeneity in our effect of interest, we find that men and middle-aged individuals particularly benefit from WfH.
Sociomaterial perspective as applied in interprofessional education and collaborative practice: a scoping review
Authors: Sy Michael , Siongco Kathryn Lizbeth , Pineda Roi Charles , Canalita Rainier , Xyrichis Andreas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLearning and working together towards better health outcomes today have become more complex requiring an investigation on how interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional collaboration (IPC) practices could be sustained and further developed. Through a sociomaterial perspective, we can better understand IPE and IPC practices by foregrounding the material aspect of learning and working together and examining its relationship with humans and their interactions. This article aimed to examine existing literature that discusses the application of sociomaterial perspectives in IPE and IPC. A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework to explore the extent within the current body of knowledge that discuss how sociomaterial perspective is applied in IPE and IPC practices. A systematic database search was performed in September 2021 to retrieve literature published from 2007 onwards, with forty-three papers meeting the inclusion criteria. These papers included research articles, book chapters, conference papers and commentaries, with the majority originating from Europe. The thematic analysis revealed the following themes: (1) power as a sociomaterial entity shaping IPE and IPC; (2) inclusion of non-health professionals in reimagining IPE and IPC practices, and (3) the critical understanding of sociomateriality. The findings suggest that a sociomaterial perspective can allow for the reimagination of the contemporary and future practices of interprofessionalism.
Effects of Rhythm Control for Atrial Fibrillation on Cardiac Remodeling and Valvular Regurgitation in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Si Jinping , Ding Zijie , Chen Xuefu , Bai Lin , Sun Yuxi , Zhang Xinxin , Zhang Yanli , Xia Yunlong , Liu Ying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Previous studies investigating cardiac remodeling and functional regurgitation of rhythm control for atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of rhythm control for AF on cardiac remodeling and functional regurgitation in the spectrum of HF. Its effect on prognosis was explored.

Methods
According to the treatment strategies of AF, the cohort was classified into the rhythm control and rate control groups. To further detect the implications of rhythm control on cardiac remodeling, functional regurgitation, and outcomes in HF subtypes, patients were further divided into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction, and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) subgroups.

Results
A total of 828 patients were enrolled, with 307 patients in the rhythm control group and 521 patients in the rate control group. Over a median follow-up time of 3.8 years, patients with rhythm control treatments experienced improvements in biatrial structure parameters, left ventricular ejection fraction, and functional regurgitation (mitral and tricuspid regurgitation) compared with rate control treatment (p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that rhythm control reduced the risks of all-cause mortality (HR 0.436 [95% CI, 0.218–0.871], p = 0.019) in HFpEF and HF-related admissions in HFrEF (HR 0.500 [95% CI, 0.330–0.757], p = 0.001) and HFpEF (HR 0.541 [95% CI, 0.407–0.720], p < 0.001); these associations were similar after adjusting for multiple confounders.

Conclusions
Rhythm control therapy can be considered an appropriate treatment strategy for the management of AF in HF to improve cardiac remodeling, functional regurgitation, and prognosis.
Imidazolinium Salts for the Carbonates Production from CO2 and Epoxides
Authors: Zítová Kateřina , Hudcová Markéta , Lhotka Miloslav , Vyskočilová Eliška 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNovel imidazolinium based materials were prepared by modification of MCM-41 and characterized by elemental analysis, nitrogen sorption, thermogravimetric analysis, UV–Vis, and X‑ray diffraction. The materials differed in the alkyl, or halide used (MeI, EtBr, PrI, BuBr, BuCl, and BnBr). The characterization methods confirmed the successful formation of desired materials containing iodide and bromide. In this research, the materials were examined as catalysts for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to styrene oxide to produce styrene carbonate. The influence of anion type and the length of the alkyl chain in the salt was discussed. The results show imidazolinium materials as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the model reaction. Styrene carbonate was prepared with high selectivities in all cases. The highest conversion of styrene oxide (95%) was achieved using a material containing iodomethane (MCM-Im-MeI) under the following conditions: 1.2 MPa, 120 °C, solvent free. The catalysts were successfully reused without a significant decrease of their activity.
Graphical Abstract
How Much Will Climate Change Reduce Productivity in a High-Technology Supply Chain? Evidence from Silicon Wafer Manufacturing
Authors: Chen Jingnan , Fonseca Miguel A. , Heyes Anthony , Yang Jie , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe frequency of hot days in much of the world is increasing. What is the impact of high temperatures on productivity? Can technology-based adaptation mitigate such effects of climate change? We provide some answers to these questions by examining how high outdoor temperatures affect a high-technology, precision manufacturing setting. Exploiting individual-level data on the quantity and quality of work done across 35,190 worker-shifts in a leading NYSE-listed silicon wafer maker in China, we evidence a negative effect of outdoor heat on productivity. The effects are large: in our preferred linear specification, an increase in wet bulb temperature of $$10\,^{\circ }$$

10

∘

C causes a reduction in output of 8.3%. Temperature effects exist even though the manufacturer’s work-spaces are indoors and protected by high-quality climate control systems. Results are not driven by extreme weather events and are robust to alternative modelling approaches. They illustrate the potential future adverse economic effects of climate change in most of the industrialised world.
Mercury distribution in plants and soils from the former mining area of Abbadia San Salvatore (Tuscany, Central Italy)
Authors: Meloni Federica , Farieri Alessandro , Higueras Pablo L. , Esbrí José M. , Nisi Barbara , Cabassi Jacopo , Rappuoli Daniele , Vaselli Orlando 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe distribution of heavy metals in plants (Castanea sativa, Sambucus nigra, Verbascum thapsus, Popolus spp., Salix spp., Acer pseudoplatanus, Robinia pseudoacacia) growing in soils from active and abandoned mining areas is of scientific significance as it allows to recognize their ability to survive in a hostile environment and provide useful indications for phytoremediation operations. In this work, soils from the former Hg-mining area of Abbadia San Salvatore (Tuscany, Central Italy) were analyzed for total, leached Hg, % of organic and inorganic-related Hg. The dehydrogenase enzyme activity (DHA) was also measured with the aim to evaluate the status of the soil, being characterized by high Hg contents (up to 1068 mg kg−1). Eventually, the concentration of Hg in the different parts of the plants growing on these soils was also determined. Most studied soils were dominated by inorganic Hg (up to 92%) while the DHA concentrations were < 151 µg TPF g−1 day−1, suggesting that the presence of Hg is not significantly affecting the enzymatic soil activity. This is also supported by the bioaccumulation factor (BF), being predominantly characterized by values < 1. Sambucus nigra and Verbascum thapsus had the highest Hg contents (39.42 and 54.54 mg kg−1, respectively). The plant leaves appear to be the main pathways of Hg uptake, as also observed in other mining areas, e.g., Almadèn (Spain), indicating that particulate-Hg and Hg0 are the main forms entering the plant system, the latter derived by the GEM emitted by both the edifices hosting the roasting furnaces and the soils themselves.
Models to Analyze Risk in Time and Cost Estimation of Tunneling Projects
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Spross Johan , Stille Håkan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTime and cost estimation of tunneling projects is usually performed in a deterministic manner. However, because the deterministic approach is not capable of dealing with uncertainty, probabilistic methods have been developed over the years to better account for this problem. Three models of this type are the Decision Aids for Tunneling (DAT) and two models developed at KTH Royal Institute of Technology and the Czech Technical University in Prague. To conduct a probabilistic time and cost estimation, it is important to understand and account for not only the uncertain factors that affect the project time and cost but also the involved parties’ different interests and contractual responsibilities. This paper develops a risk model for the specific purpose of time and cost estimation of tunneling projects. In light of this model, the practical application of the three probabilistic models is discussed from a risk-aware decision-maker’s perspective. The acquired insights can be helpful in increasing the experts’ risk-awareness in modeling time and cost of tunneling projects.
Family abuse targeting queer family members: An argument to address problems of visibility in local services and civic life
Authors: Donovan Catherine , Magić Jasna , West Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To draw attention to the invisibility of family abuse victimisation of lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or trans folk and its impacts; and the lack of appropriate, confident, skilled, formal responses to family abuse victimisation. In addition to argue that local strategic commitment is required to address structural discrimination faced by queer folk and to positively invite those victimised to seek help from local services.

Method
A multi-method local study in a Central Bedfordshire, a County in England was conducted with an online survey, interviews and focus groups with local LGBT+ communities and practitioners.

Results
The data suggests worryingly high reporting of family abuse particularly for trans participants. At the same time our data, in line with others, shows help-seeking to be low other than to informal sources of help especially friends. In addition professionals appear underconfident about how to respond appropriately.

Conclusions
Family abuse targeting queer folk is a significant problem and under-recognised. This is in part due to the mainstream domestic abuse sector associating family abuse with racially minoritised and/or faith communities and particular forms of violence such as “honour” abuse, forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Family abuse victimising queer folk is relatively invisible despite profound social, mental and physical health impacts. Practitioners in this study describe a lack of confidence, skills and knowledge about their practice responses to queer folk which needs to be addressed through training. However, we also conclude that the wider civic context can also play a part in sending messages to local queer folk that local services are for them and that there is a role for civic leaders to improve the visibility and confidence of local queer folk as citizens.
A Basis for AGM Revision in Bayesian Probability Revision
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn standard Bayesian probability revision, the adoption of full beliefs (propositions with probability 1) is irreversible. Once an agent has full belief in a proposition, no subsequent revision can remove that belief. This is an unrealistic feature, and it also makes probability revision incompatible with belief change theory, which focuses on how the set of full beliefs is modified through both additions and retractions. This problem in probability theory can be solved in a model that (i) lets the codomain of the probability function be a hyperreal-valued rather than the real-valued closed interval [0, 1], and (ii) identifies the full beliefs as the propositions whose probability is either 1 or infinitesimally smaller than 1. In this model, changes in the probability function will result in changes in the set of full beliefs (belief set), which constitutes a submodel that can be conceived as the “tip of the iceberg” within the larger model that also contains beliefs on lower levels of probability. The patterns of change in the set of full beliefs in this modified Bayesian model coincides with the corresponding pattern in a slightly modified version of AGM revision, which is commonly conceived as the gold standard of (dichotomous) belief change. The modification only concerns the marginal case of revision by an inconsistent input sentence. These results show that probability revision and dichotomous belief change can be unified in one and the same framework, or – if we so wish – that belief change theory can be subsumed under a modified version of probability revision that allows for iterated change and for the removal of full beliefs.
Single-stage object detector with attention mechanism for squamous cell carcinoma feature detection using histopathological images
Authors: Prabhu Swathi , Prasad Keerthana , Lu Xuequan , Robels-Kelly Antonio , Hoang Thuong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer that occurs in squamous cells of epithelial tissue. Histopathological evaluation of tissue samples is the gold standard approach used for carcinoma diagnosis. SCC detection based on various histopathological features often employs traditional machine learning approaches or pixel-based deep CNN models. This study aims to detect keratin pearl, the most prominent SCC feature, by implementing RetinaNet one-stage object detector. Further, we enhance the model performance by incorporating an attention module. The proposed method is more efficient in detection of small keratin pearls. This is the first work detecting keratin pearl resorting to the object detection technique to the extent of our knowledge. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the model both quantitatively and qualitatively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach enhanced the mAP by about 4% compared to default RetinaNet model.
Recognition of trace element hyperaccumulation based on empirical datasets derived from XRF scanning of herbarium specimens
Authors: Purwadi Imam , Erskine Peter D. , Casey Lachlan W. , van der Ent Antony 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Hyperaccumulation is generally defined as plants exhibiting concentrations of metal(loid)s in their shoots at least an order of magnitude higher than that found in ‘normal’ plants, but this notional threshold appears to have limited statistical underpinning. The advent of massive (handheld) X-ray fluorescence datasets of herbarium specimens makes it increasingly important to accurately define threshold criteria for recognising hyperaccumulation of metal(loid)s such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc, arsenic, selenium, and rare earth elements.

Methods
We use an extensive dataset of X-ray fluorescence elemental data of ~ 27,000 herbarium specimens together with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) elemental data of 1710 specimens to corroborate threshold values for hyperaccumulator plants. The distribution of elemental data was treated as a Gaussian mixture model due to subpopulations within the dataset and sub-populations were clustered in ‘normal’ and ‘hyperaccumulator’ classes. The historical hyperaccumulator thresholds were compared to the concentrations corresponding to the value for which the cumulative distribution function of the Gaussian model of the hyperaccumulator class reaches a probability of 99%.

Results
Our analysis of X-ray fluorescence data indicates that the historical thresholds for manganese (10,000 µg g−1), cobalt (300 µg g−1), nickel (1000 µg g−1), zinc (3000 µg g−1), arsenic (1000 µg g−1), and selenium (100 µg g−1) are substantially higher than then the concentrations required to have a 99% probability of falling in the hyperaccumulator class at 1210 µg g−1 for manganese, 32 µg g−1 for cobalt, 280 µg g−1 for nickel, 181 µg g−1 for zinc, 8 µg g−1 for arsenic, and 10 µg g−1 for selenium. All of the historical hyperaccumulation thresholds exceed the mean concentration of the hyperaccumulator populations and fall in the far-right tail of the models.

Conclusions
The historical thresholds for manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc, arsenic, and selenium are considerably higher than necessary to identify hyperaccumulators. Our findings provide a more precise understanding of the statistical underpinnings of the phenomenon of hyperaccumulation, which will ensure consistency in reporting on these plants.
Gender, Masculinity, and the Perception of Vegetarians and Vegans: A Mixed-Methods Investigation
Authors: Adamczyk Dominika , Modlińska Klaudia , Maison Dominika , Pisula Wojciech 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch shows that women and men have different attitudes toward food and eating habits, which may stem from societal gender roles. In most societies, eating meat is associated with masculinity, and choosing healthy and smaller meals is perceived as feminine. These stereotypes may affect eating behaviors, which may have an impact on health and well-being as well as on the environment and economy. We conducted two studies that focused on the perceptions and experiences of vegans and vegetarians (veg*ns) using a gender lens. The first study (N = 1048) used a quantitative design to investigate the association of a vegan/ vegetarian diet with gender stereotypes and the quality of personal relationships. The second study used a qualitative design with six 6-person focus groups (N = 36) to examine the experience of vegetarians with stereotypes associated with their diet and the possible links to gender roles. Results suggest that men following a vegan diet are not perceived as masculine, and vegans/ vegetarians themselves experience gender stereotypes related to diminished masculinity. Our research confirms that the interplay of diet, the role of meat in society, and gender stereotypes have consequences both for the social perception of people who follow a vegan/ vegetarian diet and for the experiences of the vegan/ vegetarian community.