bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and prognostic factors of infantile acquired hydrocephalus: a single-center experience
Authors: Zhou Faliang , Yang Zhao , Tang Zezhong , Zhang Yang , Wang Hongmei , Sun Guoyu , Zhang Rui , Jiang Yi , Zhou Congle , Hou Xinlin , Liu Lili 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim
To assess the etiologies and adverse outcomes of infantile acquired hydrocephalus and predict prognosis.

Methods
A total of 129 infants diagnosed with acquired hydrocephalus were recruited from 2008 to 2021. Adverse outcomes included death and significant neurodevelopmental impairment which was defined as Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III score < 70, cerebral palsy, visual or hearing impairment, and epilepsy. Chi-squared was used to evaluate the prognostic factors of adverse outcomes. A receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to determine the cutoff value.

Results
Of 113 patients with outcome data, 55 patients (48.7%) had adverse outcomes. Late surgical intervention time (13 days) and severe ventricular dilation were associated with adverse outcomes. The combination of surgical intervention time and cranial ultrasonography (cUS) indices was a better predictive marker compared with any of them (surgical intervention time, P = 0.05; cUS indices, P = 0.002). Post-hemorrhage (54/113, 48%), post-meningitis (28/113, 25%), and hydrocephalus arising from both hemorrhage and meningitis (17/113, 15%) accounted for a large proportion of the etiologies in our study. Hydrocephalus occurs secondary to post-hemorrhage and had a favorable outcome compared with other etiologies in both preterm and term groups. A significant difference in adverse outcomes between the inherited error of metabolism as a cause and other etiologies (P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Late surgical treatment times and severe ventricular dilation can predict adverse outcomes in infants with acquired hydrocephalus. It is crucial to identify the causes of acquired hydrocephalus to predict the adverse outcomes. Research into measures of improving adverse outcomes following infantile acquired hydrocephalus is urgently necessary.
Identification and validation of radiomic features from computed tomography for preoperative classification of neuroblastic tumors in children
Authors: Zhao Lian , Shi Liting , Huang Shun-gen , Cai Tian-na , Guo Wan-liang , Gao Xin , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
To identify radiomic features that can predict the pathological type of neuroblastic tumor in children.

Methods
Data on neuroblastic tumors in 104 children were retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 cases of ganglioneuroma, 24 cases of ganglioneuroblastoma, and 65 cases of neuroblastoma. Stratified sampling was used to randomly allocate the cases into the training and validation sets in a ratio of 3:1. The maximum relevance–minimum redundancy algorithm was used to identify the top 10 of two clinical features and 851 radiomic features in portal venous–phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography images. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to classify tumors in two binary steps: first as ganglioneuroma compared to the other two types, then as ganglioneuroblastoma compared to neuroblastoma.

Results
Based on 10 clinical-radiomic features, the classifier identified ganglioneuroma compared to the other two tumor types in the validation dataset with sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 81.8%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.875. The classifier identified ganglioneuroblastoma versus neuroblastoma with a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity of 87.5%, and an AUC of 0.854. The overall accuracy of the classifier across all three types of tumors was 80.8%.

Conclusion
Radiomic features can help predict the pathological type of neuroblastic tumors in children.
Awareness and care seeking for long COVID symptoms among Coronavirus disease survivors in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: phenomenological study
Authors: Bogale Kassawmar Angaw , Zeru Taye , Tarkegn Molalign , Balew Melashu , Worku Masetewal , Asrat Anemaw , Adamu Ayinengida , Mulu Yared , Getachew Atalay , Ambaw Fentie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has long-term sequels that persisted for months to years and manifested with a spectrum of signs and symptoms. Presentations of long COVID-19 symptoms are heterogeneous, vary from person to person, and can reach up to over 200 symptoms. Limited studies are conducted on the awareness of long COVID-19. So, this study aimed to explore the awareness about and care seeking for long COVID-19 symptoms among COVID survivors in Bahir Dar City in 2022.

Methods
A qualitative study with a phenomenological design was used. Participants of the study were individuals who survived five months or longer after they tested positive for COVID-19 in Bahir Dar city. Individuals were selected purposively. An in-depth interview guide was prepared and used to collect the data. Open Cod 4.03 software was used for coding and synthesizing. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts.

Results
The themes emerged from the data were awareness, experience of symptoms and their effects, and care practices of long COVID-19. Although only one participant mentioned the common symptoms of long COVID-19 the survivors experienced general, respiratory, cardiac, digestive, neurological, and other symptoms. These symptoms include rash, fatigue fever, cough, palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, and abdominal pain, loss of concentration, loss of smell, sleep disorder, depression, joint and muscle pain. These symptoms brought various physical and psychosocial effects. The majority of the respondents described that long COVID-19 symptoms will go off by themselves. To alleviate the problems some of the participants had taken different measures including medical care, homemade remedies, spiritual solutions, and lifestyle modification.

Conclusions
The result of this study revealed that participants have a significant deficit of awareness about the common symptoms, risk groups, and communicability of Long COVID. However, they experienced the majority of the common symptoms of Long COVID. To alleviate the problems, they had taken different measures including medical care, homemade remedies, spiritual solutions, and lifestyle modification.
Lung cancer risk and exposure to air pollution: a multicenter North China case–control study involving 14604 subjects
Authors: Li Daojuan , Shi Jin , Liang Di , Ren Meng , He Yutong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
For North Chinese lung cancer patients, there is limited study on the distribution of air pollution and smoking related features based on analyses of large-scale, high-quality population datasets. The aim of the study was to fully analyze risk factors for 14604 Subjects.

Methods
Participants and controls were recruited in 11 cities of North China. Participants’ basic information (sex, age, marital status, occupation, height, and weight), blood type, smoking history, alcohol consumption, history of lung-related diseases and family history of cancer were collected. PM2.5 concentration data for each year in each city of the study area from 2005 to 2018 were extracted based on geocoding of each person's residential address at the time of diagnosis. Demographic variables and risk factors were compared between cases and matched controls using a univariate conditional logistic regression model. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk factors in univariate analysis. The nomogram model and the calibration curve were developed to predict lung cancer probability for the probability of lung cancer.

Results
There was a total of 14604 subjects, comprising 7124 lung cancer cases and 7480 healthy controls included in the study. Marital status of unmarried persons, people with a history of lung-related disease, corporate personnel and production /service personnel were protective factors for lung cancer. People younger than 50 years old, people who were smoking and quit smoking, people who had been drinking consistently, people with family history of cancer and PM2.5 exposure were proven to be a risk factor for lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer varied with sex, smoking status and air pollution. Consistent alcohol consumption, persistent smoking and smoking quit were risk factors for lung cancer in men. By smoking status, male was risk factor for lung cancer in never smokers. Consistent alcohol consumption added risk for lung cancer in never smokers. The combined effects of PM2.5 pollution exposure and ever smoking aggravated the incidence of lung cancer. According to air pollution, lung cancer risk factors are completely different in lightly and heavily polluted areas. In lightly polluted areas, a history of lung-related disease was a risk factor for lung cancer. In heavily polluted areas, male, consistent alcohol consumption, a family history of cancer, ever smokers and smoking quit were all risk factors for lung cancer. A nomogram was plotted and the results showed that PM2.5 was the main factor affecting the occurrence of lung cancer.

Conclusions
The large-scale accurate analysis of multiple risk factors in different air quality environments and various populations, provide clear directions and guidance for lung cancer prevention and precise treatment.
An online survey on coping methods for genitourinary syndrome of menopause, including vulvovaginal atrophy, among Japanese women and their satisfaction levels
Authors: Ohta Hiroaki , Hatta Mariko , Ota Kuniaki , Yoshikata Remi , Salvatore Stefano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to explore the current situation and existing issues regarding the management of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) or the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). A nationwide web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,031 Japanese women aged 40 years or older.

Materials and methods
Eligible women were asked to complete a questionnaire about how they dealt with their symptoms and how satisfied they were with their coping methods.

Results
Of those highly conscious of their GSM symptoms (n = 208; 20.2%), 158 had sought medical consultation (15.3%), with only 15 currently continuing to seek consultation (11.5%). Of the specialties consulted, gynecology was the most frequently consulted (55%). Furthermore, those unwilling to seek medical consultation despite their symptoms accounted for the greatest proportion (n = 359; 34.8%), with 42 (23.9%) having never sought consultation. Topical agents, e.g., steroid hormone ointments/creams, were the most frequent treatments provided by the clinics (n = 71; 40.3%), followed by oral and vaginal estrogens (n = 27; 15.5%), suggesting that estrogen therapy was not the first choice of treatment at the clinics. While 65% of patients treated at the clinics reported satisfaction with the treatments, this was inconsistent with the fact that many were reported to have remained untreated and very few continued with treatment.

Conclusions
Survey results suggest that GSM, including VVA, remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in Japan. Medical professionals should deepen their understanding of GSM and raise their level of care to select the appropriate treatment for the condition.
CLARITY increases sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunostaining in long-term archived human brain tissue
Authors: Woelfle Sarah , Deshpande Dhruva , Feldengut Simone , Braak Heiko , Del Tredici Kelly , Roselli Francesco , Deisseroth Karl , Michaelis Jens , Boeckers Tobias M. , Schön Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Post mortem human brain tissue is an essential resource to study cell types, connectivity as well as subcellular structures down to the molecular setup of the central nervous system especially with respect to the plethora of brain diseases. A key method is immunostaining with fluorescent dyes, which allows high-resolution imaging in three dimensions of multiple structures simultaneously. Although there are large collections of formalin-fixed brains, research is often limited because several conditions arise that complicate the use of human brain tissue for high-resolution fluorescence microscopy.

Results
In this study, we developed a clearing approach for immunofluorescence-based analysis of perfusion- and immersion-fixed post mortem human brain tissue, termed human Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging / Immunostaining / In situ hybridization-compatible Tissue-hYdrogel (hCLARITY). hCLARITY is optimized for specificity by reducing off-target labeling and yields very sensitive stainings in human brain sections allowing for super-resolution microscopy with unprecedented imaging of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Moreover, hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease were preserved with hCLARITY, and importantly classical 3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) or Nissl stainings are compatible with this protocol. hCLARITY is very versatile as demonstrated by the use of more than 30 well performing antibodies and allows for de- and subsequent re-staining of the same tissue section, which is important for multi-labeling approaches, e.g., in super-resolution microscopy.

Conclusions
Taken together, hCLARITY enables research of the human brain with high sensitivity and down to sub-diffraction resolution. It therefore has enormous potential for the investigation of local morphological changes, e.g., in neurodegenerative diseases.
Genomic, functional and structural analyses elucidate evolutionary innovation within the sea anemone 8 toxin family
Authors: Ashwood Lauren M. , Elnahriry Khaled A. , Stewart Zachary K. , Shafee Thomas , Naseem Muhammad Umair , Szanto Tibor G. , van der Burg Chloé A. , Smith Hayden L. , Surm Joachim M. , Undheim Eivind A. B. , Madio Bruno , Hamilton Brett R. , Guo Shaodong , Wai Dorothy C. C. , Coyne Victoria L. , Phillips Matthew J. , Dudley Kevin J. , Hurwood David A. , Panyi Gyorgy , King Glenn F. , Pavasovic Ana , Norton Raymond S. , Prentis Peter J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The ShK toxin from Stichodactyla helianthus has established the therapeutic potential of sea anemone venom peptides, but many lineage-specific toxin families in Actiniarians remain uncharacterised. One such peptide family, sea anemone 8 (SA8), is present in all five sea anemone superfamilies. We explored the genomic arrangement and evolution of the SA8 gene family in Actinia tenebrosa and Telmatactis stephensoni, characterised the expression patterns of SA8 sequences, and examined the structure and function of SA8 from the venom of T. stephensoni.

Results
We identified ten SA8-family genes in two clusters and six SA8-family genes in five clusters for T. stephensoni and A. tenebrosa, respectively. Nine SA8 T. stephensoni genes were found in a single cluster, and an SA8 peptide encoded by an inverted SA8 gene from this cluster was recruited to venom. We show that SA8 genes in both species are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and the inverted SA8 gene has a unique tissue distribution. While the functional activity of the SA8 putative toxin encoded by the inverted gene was inconclusive, its tissue localisation is similar to toxins used for predator deterrence. We demonstrate that, although mature SA8 putative toxins have similar cysteine spacing to ShK, SA8 peptides are distinct from ShK peptides based on structure and disulfide connectivity.

Conclusions
Our results provide the first demonstration that SA8 is a unique gene family in Actiniarians, evolving through a variety of structural changes including tandem and proximal gene duplication and an inversion event that together allowed SA8 to be recruited into the venom of T. stephensoni.
20-Hydroxyecdysone counteracts insulin to promote programmed cell death by modifying phosphoglycerate kinase 1
Authors: Kang Xin-Le , Li Yan-Xue , Dong Du-Juan , Wang Jin-Xing , Zhao Xiao-Fan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe regulation of glycolysis and autophagy during feeding and metamorphosis in holometabolous insects is a complex process that is not yet fully understood. Insulin regulates glycolysis during the larval feeding stage, allowing the insects to grow and live. However, during metamorphosis, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) takes over and regulates programmed cell death (PCD) in larval tissues, leading to degradation and ultimately enabling the insects to transform into adults. The precise mechanism through which these seemingly contradictory processes are coordinated remains unclear and requires further research. To understand the coordination of glycolysis and autophagy during development, we focused our investigation on the role of 20E and insulin in the regulation of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). We examined the glycolytic substrates and products, PGK1 glycolytic activity, and the posttranslational modification of PGK1 during the development ofHelicoverpa armigerafrom feeding to metamorphosis.ResultsOur findings suggest that the coordination of glycolysis and autophagy during holometabolous insect development is regulated by a balance between 20E and insulin signaling pathways. Glycolysis and PGK1 expression levels were decreased during metamorphosis under the regulation of 20E. Insulin promoted glycolysis and cell proliferation via PGK1 phosphorylation, while 20E dephosphorylated PGK1 via phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) to repress glycolysis. The phosphorylation of PGK1 at Y194 by insulin and its subsequent promotion of glycolysis and cell proliferation were important for tissue growth and differentiation during the feeding stage. However, during metamorphosis, the acetylation of PGK1 by 20E was key in initiating PCD. Knockdown of phosphorylated PGK1 by RNA interference (RNAi) at the feeding stage led to glycolysis suppression and small pupae. Insulin via histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) deacetylated PGK1, whereas 20E via acetyltransferase arrest-defective protein 1 (ARD1) induced PGK1 acetylation at K386 to stimulate PCD. Knockdown of acetylated-PGK1 by RNAi at the metamorphic stages led to PCD repression and delayed pupation.ConclusionsThe posttranslational modification of PGK1 determines its functions in cell proliferation and PCD. Insulin and 20E counteractively regulate PGK1 phosphorylation and acetylation to give it dual functions in cell proliferation and PCD.
Dose–response relationship between device-measured physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study
Authors: Boonpor Jirapitcha , Parra-Soto Solange , Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Lynskey Nathan , Cabanas-Sánchez Verónica , Sattar Naveed , Gill Jason M. R. , Welsh Paul , Pell Jill P. , Gray Stuart R. , Ho Frederick K. , Celis-Morales Carlos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Most studies investigating the association between physical activity (PA) and the risk of type 2 diabetes are derived from self-reported questionnaires, with limited evidence using device-based measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the dose–response relationship between device-measured PA and incident type 2 diabetes.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 40,431 participants of the UK Biobank. Wrist-worn accelerometers were used to estimate total, light, moderate, vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous PA. The associations between PA and incident type 2 diabetes were analysed using Cox-proportional hazard models. The mediating role of body mass index (BMI) was tested under a causal counterfactual framework.

Results
The median follow-up period was 6.3 years (IQR: 5.7–6.8), with 591 participants developing type 2 diabetes. Compared to those achieving < 150 min/week of moderate PA, people achieving 150–300, 300–600 and > 600 min/week were at 49% (95% CI 62–32%), 62% (95% CI 71–50%) and 71% (95% CI 80–59%) lower risk of type 2 diabetes, respectively. For vigorous PA, compared to those achieving < 25 min/week, individuals achieving 25–50, 50–75 and > 75 min/week were at 38% (95% CI 48–33%), 48% (95% CI 64–23%) and 64% (95% CI 78–42%) lower type 2 diabetes risk, respectively. Twelve per cent and 20% of the associations between vigorous and moderate PA and type 2 diabetes were mediated by lower BMI, respectively.

Conclusions
PA has clear dose-response relationship with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Our findings support the current aerobic PA recommendations but suggest that additional PA beyond the recommendations is associated with even greater risk reduction.

Trial registration
The UK Biobank study was approved by the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (Ref 11/NW/0382 on June 17, 2011).
First-in-human, double-blind, randomized phase 1b study of peptide immunotherapy IMCY-0098 in new-onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Van Rampelbergh Jean , Achenbach Peter , Leslie Richard David , Ali Mohammad Alhadj , Dayan Colin , Keymeulen Bart , Owen Katharine R. , Kindermans Martin , Parmentier Frédéric , Carlier Vincent , Ahangarani Roxana R. , Gebruers Evelien , Bovy Nicolas , Vanderelst Luc , Van Mechelen Marcelle , Vandepapelière Pierre , Boitard Christian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells by CD8+ T cells. Achieving glycemic targets in T1D remains challenging in clinical practice; new treatments aim to halt autoimmunity and prolong β-cell survival. IMCY-0098 is a peptide derived from human proinsulin that contains a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase motif at the N-terminus and was developed to halt disease progression by promoting the specific elimination of pathogenic T cells.

Methods
This first-in-human, 24-week, double-blind phase 1b study evaluated the safety of three dosages of IMCY-0098 in adults diagnosed with T1D < 6 months before study start. Forty-one participants were randomized to receive four bi-weekly injections of placebo or increasing doses of IMCY-0098 (dose groups A/B/C received 50/150/450 μg for priming followed by three further administrations of 25/75/225 μg, respectively). Multiple T1D-related clinical parameters were also assessed to monitor disease progression and inform future development. Long-term follow-up to 48 weeks was also conducted in a subset of patients.

Results
Treatment with IMCY-0098 was well tolerated with no systemic reactions; a total of 315 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 40 patients (97.6%) and were related to study treatment in 29 patients (68.3%). AEs were generally mild; no AE led to discontinuation of the study or death. No significant decline in C-peptide was noted from baseline to Week 24 for dose A, B, C, or placebo (mean change − 0.108, − 0.041, − 0.040, and − 0.012, respectively), suggesting no disease progression.

Conclusions
Promising safety profile and preliminary clinical response data support the design of a phase 2 study of IMCY-0098 in patients with recent-onset T1D.

Trial registration
IMCY-T1D-001: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03272269; EudraCT: 2016–003514-27; and IMCY-T1D-002: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04190693; EudraCT: 2018–003728-35.