bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Calculation of Inductor Parameter for PWM rectifier
Authors: Tao Ma , Lei Hou , Zhipeng Ma , Long Fu , Yusen Zhang , Zhen Sun , Zhixiang Zhang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the PWM rectifier, the rationality of the AC side filter inductance design directly affects the performance of the whole system. It not only limits the power output, but also affects the dynamic and static response of the current loop. It has an important influence on the four quadrant stable operation of the motor, the isolation of the grid electromotive force and the harmonic suppression of the current. According to the waveform characteristics of the sinusoidal current, the maximum change rate of the current occurs at the zero-crossing point. In this paper, the inductor is designed to meet the requirement of the change rate of the current near the zero-crossing point, so as to meet the tracking requirement of the current at any time in the whole cycle. In addition, for the design of the AC side inductance, this paper comprehensively designs from the perspective of meeting the requirements of power index and meeting the requirements of suppressing harmonic current.
Permanent Magnetization Transformation and Performance Analysis of Small Power Three Phase Asynchronous Motor
Authors: Zhen Jinshuai , Xu Yanliang , Zhou Peng , Li Huixin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Oilfield pumping units are the main production machinery in the oilfield, and the electricity consumed accounts for about 60% of the oilfield’s electricity consumption. The requirements of the pumping unit for the electric motor are high starting torque, high efficiency, and a wide economic operating range. If an induction motor is used, in order to meet the requirements of high starting torque of the pumping unit, it is necessary to configure a large capacity induction motor. However, during normal operation, the average load rate is low, mostly under light or no-load operation, the efficiency and power factor are low, resulting in a large amount of waste of electrical energy. In this paper, the permanent magnetization of the induction motor is proposed. The stator remain unchanged, only grooves (straight/inclined) are cut on the outer surface of the rotor to place permanent magnets. The original asynchronous motor is converted to a permanent magnet motor. It can be used in actual oilfield exploitation engineering.
The operator algebra of cyclic orbifolds
Authors: Estienne Benoit , Ikhlef Yacine , Rotaru Andrei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We identify the maximal chiral algebra of conformal cyclic orbifolds. In terms of this extended algebra, the orbifold is a rational and diagonal conformal field theory, provided the mother theory itself is also rational and diagonal. The operator content and operator product expansion of the cyclic orbifolds are revisited in terms of this algebra. The fusion rules and fusion numbers are computed via the Verlinde formula. This allows one to predict which conformal blocks appear in a given four-point function of twisted or untwisted operators, which is relevant for the computation of various entanglement measures in one-dimensional critical systems.
A Review Paper on Properties and Applications of Nanofluids
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed A. , Dawood H.I. , Onyeaka Helen N. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A nanofluid is a liquid that contains nanometer-sized particles. Nanofluids are obtained by dispersing nanometer-sized particles in conventional base fluids such as water, oil, ethylene glycol, etc. Nanoparticles of materials such as metallic oxides (Al2O3, CuO), nitride ceramics (AlN, SiN), carbide ceramics (SiC, TiC), metals (Cu, Ag, Au), semiconductors (TiO2, SiC), single, double or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, alloyed nanoparticles (Al70, Cu30), etc., were used to prepare the nanofluids. This paper presents a procedure for preparing Nanofluids, the properties of Nanofluids, and their applications in various fields, including energy, mechanics, and biomedicine. Then it defines the parameter that challenges the use of Nanofluids in different applications and finally suggests directions for future research on Nanofluids. The thermal conductivity of the Nanofluids is improved at a very low (< 0.1%) percentage of suspended particles. Nowadays, Nanofluids are used efficiently in non-traditional energy resources in absorbing solar energy to increase the temperature.
A Review-strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with textile-reinforced concrete
Authors: Abd-Al-Naser Marwa , Habra Ibrahim S I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Numerous problems that can occur during regular building use may necessitate the need for reinforced concrete RC members to be strengthened. An increase in live loads or structural damage is two examples. Various techniques can be used to increase load-carrying capability. Concrete reinforcement with textile-reinforced materials (TRC) is a more recent option. For almost all active forces, this strengthening procedure is appropriate. For bending, shear, torsion, or axial forces, strengthening is an option. Due to their many appealing qualities, characteristics as their high specific strength (i.e., strength to weight ratio), resistance to corrosion, the convenience of use, speedy installation, and little variation in cross-section, (TRC) have become more and more popular among structural engineers for strengthening and retrofitting projects The conclusions made from the experimental results of members made of reinforced concrete strengthened in shear suggest that textile-mortar composites greatly increase shear resistance, with the gain increasing with the number of layers. This review focuses on strengthening RC beams in flexure by textile-reinforced concrete. According to the authors, TRC jacketing is a very promising technique for increasing reinforced concrete components’ confinement, in addition to their shear and bending capability, which is necessary for seismic retrofitting and strengthening.
Enhancing punching shear capacity of flat slab: review of strengthening and repairing techniques
Authors: Abed Al-jabar Mustafa R , Kadhim Muhammad J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A significant number of concrete flat slabs need to be strengthened against brittle punching shear failure due to conversion of existing buildings, material deterioration, the growth of standards, and detailed defects. Furthermore, there are some traditional approaches to strengthen and repair reinforced concrete slabs which can be either cumbersome or expensive. The repairing of the slabs is very important and not optional because, they will be lost without repairing and reconstruction may not be appropriate due to lack of time or other exceptional circumstances. There were many techniques to strengthening and repair the flat slab depend on suitable way and material availability for strengthening like CFRP sheets, TRM jackets, steel stiffeners, steel bolts, column capital, increasing slab thickness and many other techniques. Typically, the strengthening enhanced punching shear capacity, and the increment may reach 90%. Repair specimens’ punching shear capacity, which may be more than that of the control specimen and the repairing techniques can be used for strengthening. From presented studies, it was found that using the same technique for strengthening and repairing gave better results in strengthening, so strengthening slabs before damages occur is important and enhances resistance better.
Strengthening of RC columns under eccentric loads using NSM steel and GFRP bars
Authors: Al-Thairy Haitham , Al-Shimarry Nibras Atiaa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The behavior of eccentrically loaded RC columns strengthened by NSM steel and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars is investigated in this study. A total of six RC column specimens have been cast in this study with dimensions of (150×150×1200) mm (width × height × length). Two column specimens are unstrengthened and considered as controls, while the other specimens are strengthened by the NSM method using steel bars and hybrid steel and GFRP rebars. All column specimens have been tested under concentric and eccentric loads with an eccentricity of 75mm up to failure. Experimental results in terms of crack patterns, modes of failure, and load-displacement curves are all monitored, recorded, and assessed. The experimental results have shown an improvement in the ultimate load capacity for all strengthened column specimens. Further, results have demonstrated that, under concentric load, the almost similar enhancement in the strength of NSM-strengthened RC column specimens using steel bars only and hybrid steel and GFRP bars. However, at eccentric load, the ultimate load capacity of the strengthened RC column was increased by 62% and 79.45% compared to the control column using NSM steel and hybrid steel, and GFRP, respectively. Finally, this study found that at e/h = 0.5 using GFRP in the tension zone increased the ultimate load by about 11% when compared to steel.
Retrofitting of reinforced concrete columns with honeycombed cover
Authors: Al-Ziady Sura F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this research, a significant attention has been given to the experimental investigation of retrofitting and rehabilitation of honeycombed reinforced concrete (RC) columns. Ten RC columns specimens were tested and discussed in the experimental tests; five of them are for the square section with a dimension of cross section (200 X 200) mm, and five for the circular section with a cross section diameter of (200) mm. The total length for both sections is (1200) mm. The honeycombed zone in the base and middle of specimens was considered as a percentage of the total columns. The honeycombed columns were repaired with cement-based materials prior to the test. All columns were tested axially until failure. For each tested RC columns, the ultimate load, cracking load, mode of failure, and load versus lateral and axial displacement were recorded. Test results showed the strength and load capacity of the treated column exceed the one for the control column with different percentages based on the cross-section of RC column, and location and size of the honeycomb defect. The increase in ultimate load ranges from 3% to 16% for square section, while for circular section the range of increase starts from 3% to 17%. It is worth noting that this percentage of increase is higher as the size of the honeycomb increases and vice versa.
Utilization of PET fiber and nanomaterial in concrete: Review of flexural concrete behavior
Authors: Odaa Sief Aldeen , Al-Hadithi Abdulkader Ismail , Mansoor Yousif A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Concrete may gain maximum flexural strength to a certain percentage with the inclusion of plastic fiber. Because of the weakening bonding concerning the fiber and cement paste, it loses strength under compression at the same rate it gains. The optimal addition ratio must be established to add Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fiber to concrete to improve its mechanical and structural qualities. To decide what will change in the microstructure of the concrete and the traction link between the PET fiber’s surface, it is highly advised to use any nanomaterials with PET fibers. Concrete fabric’s characteristics may be enhanced with nanomaterials, thus increasing concrete brittle and proving its activity in case of combination with various fibers as composite materials. The high surface area for fine material can modify concrete texture, one of the properties which leads to increased compressive strength. So, there is a need to create more experimental research and analytical survey. All studies from 2010-2022 It has referenced.
Mechanical evaluation of sustainable concrete production from porcelain waste
Authors: Jawad Zahraa N , Hassan Muhammad A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Concrete has witnessed a great development in recent years, representing the production of reliable types of concrete to withstand the applied loads, high durability, and ease of implementation, as the preparation of concrete has become from remnants (sustainable materials) due to its availability and cheapness in addition to ridding the environment of these materials. This research demonstrates the use of porcelain tailings as a fractional substitute for coarse aggregate, Studying effect adds partial replacement on mechanical properties such as flexural testing, tensile strength, and wet density and then compares them with the reference mixture. In this research, the percentage of replacement of coarse aggregate with porcelain waste from weight is 25%, 35%, 50%, and maintaining the ratio of water to cement at 40% it observes that produces concrete with high tensile and flexural strength at replacement percent 50%.
Negative Impact of Traffic Congestion on Air Pollution and Estimation Delay Mode for Signalized Intersections in Babil City Utilizing SIDRA8.0 Plus Software
Authors: Alkizwini Ali Salah , Ahmad Nahla Yassub 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Traffic congestion is one of the most important factors contributing to air pollution. Vehicle emissions account for a significant portion of this pollution. Estimate the negative impact of traffic congestion by empirical model for predicting total delay time as a function of traffic conditions and geometric features and calculating the quantities of gases emitted during the traffic congestion at the signalled intersection is the goal of this paper. Two signalized intersections in Babil City with different characteristics are select. video recording is used to measure traffic volumes during peak and off-peak times. Afield survey is used to measure geometric design elements, signal timings, phasing, and selected emissions of HC, CO, and CO2 in (kg/hr) are based on delay. with 95% confidence, a linear regression model predicted the delay model. according to the statistical analysis, both geometry and traffic characteristics have a substantial influence on delay time. The constructed regression model for estimating delay has a high degree of correlation with actual values. The proportion of the total width of the exit route of an intersection of straight-forward departing traffic to the total width of groups of lanes departing on the same exit route at the same phase at the stop line it is observed that although the SIDRA 8.0 PLUS delay overestimates the delay at the high (v/c) range, there is no noticeable difference with the field delay and the study will offer suggestions to transportation and public health officials on how to try eco-routing and deco-signal timing to lower the risk of air pollutants.
Investigating Sustainability Indicators for Urban Road Network — A Methodical Review Literature
Authors: Nemaa Z K , Al-Jameel H A , Mohammed H A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Transportation that is both socially and environmentally responsible is an important factor in climate change. However, urban sustainable mobility schemes have no universally accepted success criteria. Sustainability evaluation lacks a common language. This document groups sustainable mobility strategies to establish critical transport performance measures. Sustainable transportation trumps targets, criteria, and indicators. The following are the top priorities for urban multimodal sustainable transportation, in descending order: There are 13 social, 11 economic, and 9 environmental criteria. Each of the three basic criteria used most often in the study specifically addresses the environment. Since the literature’s attribution of criteria to sustainability elements is complex, it’s recommended to analyze their interrelationships. As previously demonstrated, small and medium-sized cities have a high sustainability value of in terms of population and urban area, but large cities can improve their sustainability by controlling urban sprawl and managing urban transportation demand with adequate public transportation. It is proposed that in the future, the interrelationships between the criteria be evaluated, as their allocation to the aspects of sustainability is ambiguous in the available literature. This article can assist mobility executives in making decisions about urban transportation concepts and project management. Making transportation more environmentally friendly is crucial to reducing climate change’s negative impacts.
Employment of Some Aquatic Plants for Removal of Cadmium, Lead, and Copper from the River Water
Authors: Kareem S F , Janna H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The world’s most valuable resource is water in addition to being essential to life, freshwater is also used in many other processes, including those that involve agriculture, industry, and human consumption due to interference with its quality, it continues to be a limited resource. Fresh potable water supply, particularly in urban areas, has been severely impacted by population increase, urbanization, and consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the behavior of some heavy metals in the river waters via aquatic life represented by some aqua plants to achieve this three tanks of river water made from glass were prepared and injected with three heavy metals each which they are (copper, lead, and cadmium). The first tank represents the control (without any plants) while the second tank contains lentil plants moreover, the third tank contains the ceratophllum. The removal of heavy metals from river waters is enhanced by the presence of these plants using lentil plants and Ceratophyllum plants, respectively, led to removals of roughly 77% and 73% of the copper (Cu) content compared to the regular operation (control tank). For lead (Pb) removal, the Ceratophyllum removed about 72.6%, and the presence of lentil plant removes 52% of the Pb and only around 20% of the substance has been removed in the control tank. With ceratophullum present, there was a higher removal percentage of cadmium (45.9%)compared to tanks without aqua plants or lentil plants, which had removal rates of 21% and 42.3%, respectively. In general, necessary action to minimize the impact of discharging polluted wastewater must be taken to save aquatic life and the environment.
Fabrication of cellulose-based polymer electrolyte membrane with green solvent DMSO via N-TIPS technique
Authors: Ratri C R , Arundati A H , Pradana F D , Nugraha A F , Astutiningsih S , Chalid M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solid polymer electrolyte membrane for Li-ion battery was fabricated via N-TIPS technique. To substitute commercially available polyolefin-based separator with more sustainable source, cellulose-based membrane was employed as polymer matrix. Green solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used to replace conventional solvents. Impedance measurement using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed to determine ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Room temperature ionic conductivity of the membrane in CR2032 battery cell was 1.1×10−4 mS/cm, indicating good performance and feasibility for Li-ion battery application. This result is hundred times higher compared to cellulose-based membrane fabricated via similar route using conventional N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent (1.38×10−6 S/cm). Further dielectric properties measurement using temperature variation in an enclosed chamber showed that the polymer electrolyte membrane obeys Arrhenius behaviour.
Water Quality Analysis Using QUAL2Kw Model During The Rainy Season and Dry Season in Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nufutomo TK , Muntalif BS , Ariesyady HD , Sudradjat A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Increasing population in the upstream Citarum watershed area can trigger increased water pollution caused by anthropogenic pollution such as from domestic waste, agriculture, landfills, and settlements. The equilibrium of ecosystems is disrupted when there is an increase in excess pollutants such as suspended materials and nutrients that will cause eutrophication. The purpose of this study was to analyze river water quality from temperature, pH, DO, BOD, Total phosphate (PO4), and Nitrate (NO3) parameters from upstream Citarum watershed waters using a water quality model, namely Qual2Kw. This model is based on the Streeter-Phelps theory, which includes the natural purification process of river water. The Qual2Kw model can be used for decision-making to limit river water pollution. The locations reviewed in the upstream Citarum watershed area were five sampling points (SP), namely at Cisanti Outlets (1), Wangisagara (2), Koyod (3), after the Cisirung WWTP (4), and Nanjung (5). Site selection is based on sources of pollutants from anthropogenic activities that can pollute river water. The QUAL2kw model is used to simulate water quality and is used as a basis for calculating the carrying capacity of pollutant loads against the desired target water quality. The simulation results of a valid water quality model with the observation results are BOD, TSS, and NO3. and parameters such as temperature, pH, DO, and PO4 are invalid because they have errors below 25%. These three parameters (BOD, TSS, and NO)3 have exceeded the Indonesian government’s water quality standard values both in the dry and rainy season. These three parameters indicate that the high pollution in the upper reaches of the Citarum River is caused by pollutant sources from settlements, agriculture, and animal husbandry.
Development of emission reduction measures of particulate matter emitted from coal fired power plants in Indonesia
Authors: Muthiawaty G , Dirgawati M , Permadi D A 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrently, Indonesia has committed to achieve Net Zero Emissions (NZE) efforts on their Nationally Determined Contribution (NDCs) and at the same time focusing on air pollution abatement. One of the dominant emissions sources of particulate matter as well as Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) is from coal fired power plants. It contributes 50% to the total energy consumption in power generation, therefore the major power plant in Indonesia. Therefore, efforts to reduce GHGs and particulate emissions are needed to achieve the NZE target as well as to improve air quality. The research objective is to determine the particulate pollution load based on the Business as Usual (BaU) scenario and also under the emission reduction scenario for the year of 2030. Particulate pollution load was calculated using the emissions inventory methodology described in the brown cloud atmosphere workbook (ABC-EIM). Particulate emission reduction scenarios were developed using the assumption of full installation of Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) technology to control PM emission. In 2030, the emission reductions PM10, PM2.5, Black Carbon (BC), and Organic Carbon (OC) are 57,854 ton/year, 57,854 ton/year, 432 ton/year, and 1,723 ton/year.