bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Categories of actors involved in tree planting by multinational corporations based in France, Switzerland and the UK
Authors: Mansourian Stephanie , Vallauri Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn increasing number of businesses is funding tree planting. Several intermediaries intervene between the funding company and those planting trees, each playing a specific role. To ensure quality tree planting, intervention and leverage points need to be identified. We aim to understand the chain between the corporations that finance tree planting and those planting trees. We reviewed 61 multinational companies from France, Switzerland and the UK, involved in tree planting, and identified the partners with whom they work to attempt to characterise this chain. Our results show that there are at least eight different functions starting with the multinational company, then financiers, regulators, quality controllers, enablers, project developers, brokers and finally, implementers. Most corporations mobilise three to four actors or levels to carry out tree planting. The multiplicity of actors is both positive (e.g., quality assurance) and negative (e.g., adds costs). Growing pressure for corporations to demonstrate social and environmental responsibility signifies that more tree planting is likely. Yet, many challenges exist in this sector, which we aim to describe. Critical challenges we identify include transparency, equity and quality. In conclusion, this booming multilayer sector should be better structured; understanding the actors and their respective roles provides a first step in this direction.
Changes in the physicochemical properties of rapeseed‐derived protein complexes during enzyme‐assisted wet milling
Authors: Alpiger Simone Bleibach , Corredig Milena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOilseeds need to be exploited not only for the oil but also as a source of functional protein‐rich ingredients for food. This work evaluated the physicochemical properties of the colloidal fraction resulting from wet milling of rapeseed, used as a model oilseed. The extraction was conducted either at natural pH (5.7) or at alkaline pH (8.5), with or without addition of a commercial pectinase. The slurry was mixed for 4 h at room temperature, and then pressed at the same pH or after shifting to alkaline/acidic pH. The resulting extract, rich in oil and protein particles, showed differences in particle size, microstructure, and composition. The oil and protein yields in the extract (in relation to the amount originally in the oilseed) ranged between 60% and 70%, with a significant increase in protein recoveries with addition of pectinase, regardless of the pH. A protein concentrate, containing between 25% and 42% protein on dry matter, depending on the treatment was obtained after centrifugation, together with a fiber precipitate and an oil fraction. The composition of the concentrates varied, with the highest purity found for extracts at pH 5.7, showing a nearly complete physical separation of the oleosomes by low‐speed centrifugation. All concentrates showed similar protein composition, as analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition was also similar among the treatments. This work evidences the critical role played by biopolymers' interactions in forming different colloidal structures, with clear consequences on the functionality of the final ingredient.
Large‐Area Black Phosphorus/PtSe2 Schottky Junction for High Operating Temperature Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Xue , Zhou Xi , Li Lei , Wang Ning , Hao Rui , Zhou Yanan , Xu Hua , Li Yingtao , Zhu Guangming , Zhang Zemin , Wang Junru , Feng Qingliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh operating temperature (HOT) broadband photodetectors are urgently necessary for extreme condition applications in infrared‐guided missiles, infrared night vision, fire safety imaging, and space exploration sensing. However, conventional photodetectors show dramatic carrier mobility decreases and carrier losses with low photoresponsivity at HOT due to the increased carrier scattering in channels at high temperatures. Herein, the HOT broadband photodetectors from room temperature to 470 K are developed for the first time by large‐area black phosphorus (BP)/PtSe2 films device arrays via a depletion‐enhanced photocarrier dynamics strategy. Attributed to the 2D Schottky junction at BP/PtSe2 interface and resulting in full depleted working channels, the BP/PtSe2 photodetector arrays exhibit high tolerance to carrier mobility decrease during the increasing operating temperature in a wide wavelength range from 532 to 2200 nm. Thus, the photodetector shows a state‐of‐the‐art operating temperature at 470 K with the photo‐responsivity (R) and specific detectivity (D*) of 25 A W−1 and 6.4 × 1011 Jones under 1850 nm illumination, respectively. Moreover, BP/PtSe2 photodetector arrays show high‐uniformity photo‐response in a large area. This work provides new strategies for high‐performance broadband photodetector arrays with HOT by Schottky junction of large‐area BP/PtSe2 films.
Novelty All‐Inorganic Titanium‐Based Halide Perovskite for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion
Authors: Zhou Jinchen , Wu Daofu , Tian Changqing , Liang Zhiyu , Ran Hongmei , Gao Bo , Luo Zhongtao , Huang Qiang , Tang Xiaosheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLead halide perovskite materials have great potential for photocatalytic reaction due to their low fabrication cost, unique optical absorption coefficient, and suitable band structures. However, the main problems are the toxicity and instability of the lead halide perovskite materials. Therefore, a facile synthetic method is used to prepare lead‐free environmentally friendly Cs2TiX6(X = Cl, Cl0.5Br0.5, Br) perovskite materials. Their structural and optical characteristics are systematically investigated. The band gaps of the produced samples are illustrated to be from 1.87 to 2.73 eV. Moreover, these materials can keep high stability in harsh environments such as illumination and heating, and the Cs2Ti(Cl0.5Br0.5)6 microcrystals demonstrate the yields of 176 µmol g−1 for CO and 78.9 µmol g−1 for CH4 after light irradiation for 3 h, which is of the first report of Ti‐based perovskite photocatalysts. This finding demonstrates that the Ti‐based perovskites will create opportunities for photocatalytic applications, which may offer a new idea to construct low‐cost, eco‐friendly, and bio‐friendly photocatalysts.
Size‐scale effects in high‐performance reinforced and prestressed concrete T‐beams
Authors: Cafarelli Renato , Accornero Federico , Carpinteri Alberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PC) structural elements need to be designed in order to guarantee large plastic deformations, avoiding any loss in their load bearing capacity. In this framework, the rotation capacity of RC and PC beams has been demonstrated to be a function of concrete mechanical properties, reinforcement characteristics, and of the structural size. On the other hand, Theory of Plasticity as well as the International Standards completely disregard size‐scale effects and ductile‐to‐brittle transitions, leading to an overlook of the strain‐softening behavior of the concrete matrix and of the rotation capacity of RC beams. On the other hand, the Cohesive/Overlapping Crack Model is able to evaluate concrete cracking in tension and concrete crushing in compression, as well as snap‐back and snap‐through unstable phenomena, steel yielding and/or slippage. This Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics model predicts a reduction in the moment versus rotation plastic plateau by increasing the beam depth and/or the reinforcement percentage. The numerical investigations carried out on reinforced and prestressed high‐performance concrete beams having rectangular or T‐shaped cross‐sections highlight the size‐scale effects on plastic rotation capacity that allow to formulate new scale‐dependent upper and lower limits of reinforcement percentage to guarantee a stable and ductile postpeak behavior of reinforced concrete structures.
Begriffsbestimmung
Authors: Lessky Franziska 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Begriffsbestimmung der Bezeichnungen First-in-Family Studierende und studienbegleitende Erwerbstätigkeit. Es werden Abgrenzungen zu ähnlichen Begrifflichkeiten vorgenommen und Verbindungslinien zwischen diesen beiden Begriffen hergestellt.
Theoretische Konzepte der Studie
Authors: Lessky Franziska 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungZiel vorliegender Dissertation ist die Rekonstruktion studentischer Lebensführung von First-in-Family-Studierenden. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie Studierende, angeleitet durch studienbezogene Sinnzuschreibungen und Deutungsmuster, zu unterschiedlichen Bewältigungsstrategien ihres Studienalltags gelangen. Diese Studie geht davon aus, dass das Hochschulstudium eines*einer Studierenden von diversen Akteursgruppen (z. B. Familie, Freund*innen, Hochschullehrende, etc.) und damit von verschiedenartigen, übergreifenden Lebensbereichen bzw. Sozialisationsräumen geprägt ist.
Design und Methodik der Studie
Authors: Lessky Franziska 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungInnerhalb vorliegender Dissertation kommen sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Methoden zum Einsatz. Mixed-Methods-Ansätze konnten sich bereits neben einseitig ausgerichteten Designs als drittes Forschungsparadigma etablieren (Johnson et al. 2007). Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Datenbasis (quantitative Umfragedaten und qualitative Gespräche), werden zwei verschiedene Definitionen von First-in-Family Studierenden herangezogen (siehe auch Kapitel 2). Im Rahmen der quantitativen Auswertung gilt ein*e Studierende*r dann als „First-in-Family“, wenn beide Eltern keinen Hochschulabschluss besitzen. Innerhalb der qualitativen Analyse gelten Studierende als „First-in-Family“, wenn weder Eltern (bzw. jenen Personen, bei denen sie aufgewachsen sind), noch Geschwister und Partner*in ein Studium begonnen bzw. absolviert haben.
Zusammenfassung und Schlussbetrachtung
Authors: Lessky Franziska 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungEin zentrales Ziel bildungspolitischer Aktivitäten innerhalb des europäischen Hochschulraums (EHR) ist der Auf- und Ausbau einer sozial inklusiven Kultur an Hochschulen (Stichwort: „Widening Participation, Retention and Completion“; Details siehe z. B. Holmegaard et al. 2017; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung 2020; Quinn et al. 2005; The Bologna Process und European Higher Education Area 2015). In diesem Kontext befasst sich diese Dissertation mit einem hochaktuellen und bedeutenden Thema: den studienbezogenen Erfahrungen von Studierenden, die als Erste innerhalb ihrer Familie ein Studium aufnehmen (First-in-Family Studierende) und erwerbstätig sind. Ziel ist die Rekonstruktion studentischer Lebensführung jener Individuen, die innerhalb der Studierendenpopulation mit spezifischen Anforderungen konfrontiert sind, welche den Zugang zu einem Studium sowie den Studienerfolg erschweren können (Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft 2017; O'Shea 2016; Magri Eller et al. 2016; Moreau und Leathwood 2006; Spiegler und Bednarek 2013).
A feasibility study of promoting osseointegration surface roughness by micro-milling of Ti-6Al-4V biomedical alloy
Authors: Cappellini Cristian , Malandruccolo Alessio , Abeni Andrea , Attanasio Aldo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe reliability of a prosthetic implant needs durability, biocompatibility, and osseointegration capability. Accomplishing these characteristics, Ti-6Al-4V alloy is the main used material for implant fabrication. Moreover, it can be processed by additive manufacturing technique, permitting to meet the needs of patience-tailored, often complex shaped, prosthesis topologies. Once an implant is realized, it is finished by machining operations and its osseointegration capability is heavily influenced by the resulting surface roughness. Consequently, the assessment of this latter is mandatory to evaluate the prosthesis durability. This paper presents the analysis of surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V micro-milled specimens produced by plastic deformation, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting processes. A central composite design was employed for planning the cutting tests. The comparison between surface roughness results and its values for enhancing osseointegration, firstly permitted to individuate the range of micro-milling suitable applications, which have been individuated as ball joints, bone plates, and screws. Next, the statistical analysis of the experimental measurements allowed the identification of the most influential micro-milling parameters together with the determination of the mathematical models of surface roughness by response surface methodology. The good comparison among calculated and experimental results revealed the reliability of the model, allowing the prediction of achievable surface roughness once micro-machining parameters are selected, or their optimization as a function of a desired surface roughness value.
Spectral properties of locally eventually positive operator semigroups
Authors: Mui Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper considers strongly continuous semigroups of operators on Banach lattices which are locally eventually positive, a property that was first investigated in the context of concrete fourth-order evolution equations. We construct a simple example to show that the typical assumptions on the spectrum of the semigroup generator considered currently in the literature are far from necessary in the more general setting of local eventual positivity. Under minimal additional assumptions, we obtain results on the asymptotic behaviour of orbits, as well as necessary conditions on the peripheral point spectrum of locally eventually positive semigroups.
A machine learning approach for detecting fatigue during repetitive physical tasks
Authors: Liu Guobin , Dobbins Chelsea , D’Souza Matthew , Phuong Ngoc 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProlonged and repetitive stress on muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves can have long-term adverse effects on the human body. This can be exasperated while working if the environment and nature of the tasks puts significant strain on the body, which may lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Workers with WMSDs can experience generalized pain, loss of muscle strength, and loss of ability to continue working. Most WMSDs injuries are caused by ergonomic risks, such as repetitive physical movements, awkward postures, inadequate recovery time, and muscular stress. Fatigue can be seen as a detector of ergonomic risk, as the accumulation of fatigue can significantly increase the possibility of injury. Thirty participants completed a series of repetitive physical tasks over a six-hour period while wearing sensors to capture data related to heart rate and movement, while external embedded sensors captured ground reaction and hand exertion force. They also provided subjective ratings of fatigue at the start and end of the experiment. Classifiers for fatigue (high vs low) were constructed using three methods: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and polynomial kernel-based SVM (P-SVM) and were validated using a tenfold cross-validation technique that was repeated a hundred times. Results of our supervised machine learning approach demonstrated a maximum accuracy of 94.15% using P-SVM for the binary classification of fatigue.
COVID-19 stressor reduces risk taking: the role of trait interoception
Authors: Belhouk-Herrero Miguel Omar , Molins Francisco , Serrano Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Framing Effect (FE) demonstrated that the way two alternatives are displayed affects people’s inclination to make a specific choice, showing a risk aversion when alternatives are displayed on positive frames and risk seeking in negative frames. Risk seeking in negative frames is closely linked to loss aversion. Moreover, classical research and the salience-of-losses hypothesis argues that stress may enhance the FE and loss aversion. Recent studies also suggest that the trait interoception and alexithymia could interact and moderate the framing susceptibility. However, experimental paradigms on stress could ignore variables such as threat perception. In this sense, COVID-19 pandemic has become a powerful real-life stressor in many countries. We aimed to study how real-life stressors influence decision-making under risk. A total of 97 participants were divided into a control (n = 48) and an experimental group (n = 49). The experimental group were exposed to a stressor manipulation, a 5 min COVID-19 lockdown documentary. Our results show that COVID-19-related stressors significantly decreased bet acceptance regardless of the frame, also reducing loss aversion. Moreover, interoception was a significant predictor of loss aversion under stress conditions. Our results do not support classical research on stress and FE.
Model assessment of synthetic jets for turbulent combustion experiments
Authors: Thornburg Nicholas E. , Feng Xuhui , Zigler Bradley T. , Day Marc S. , Yellapantula Shashank , Narumanchi Sreekant 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding turbulent premixed flames is essential to predict and optimize advanced combustion strategies, but critical capability gaps exist for collecting and validating measurements such as turbulent flame speed. Here, we evaluate synthetic jets as a new, promising turbulence generation device for constant-volume combustion chambers, quantitatively assessing turbulence intensity and spatial uniformity in a hypothetical 4,189-cm3 vessel for various premixture conditions.
Graphic Abstract
Public perceptions about the invasive pampas grass, Cortaderia selloana: a case study of environmentally conscious citizens in Southern Europe
Authors: Roldão Almeida Mónica , Marchante Elizabete , Marchante Hélia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCortaderia selloana (pampas grass), native to South America, is a widespread invasive plant in several regions of the World, including the south of the Atlantic Arc (Europe), where it has been used as an ornamental species. Citizens may help to spread it, e.g., planting it in their gardens, but on the other hand, when they are aware of its invasiveness, can contribute to control it and prevent its spread. An online survey was performed to better understand the perception and knowledge of Portuguese and Spanish citizens, regarding pampas grass. The influence of education and occupation, along with age, gender and country of residence, on the knowledge and perceptions of respondents was analysed. The questionnaire was answered by 486 and 839 citizens in Portugal (PT) and Spain (ES), respectively. Most respondents were between 41 and 64 years old, mostly women in Portugal and equally women and men in Spain, with higher education and working mostly in the services sector. The majority of respondents in both countries recognized the plant, knew it is invasive and were able to name it, alerting to a possible bias of the target audience toward citizens already aware of the invasiveness of the pampas grass. Fewer respondents were aware of the legislation that limits its use, and most were unable to identify particular characteristics of the species. The results showed that respondents' occupation in PT and education in ES influenced their knowledge and perception about pampas grass. This study confirms that education and raising awareness regarding invasive species is of utmost importance, as respondents identified academic training and projects with a strong focus on public awareness as the main sources of knowledge regarding pampas grass. Better informed citizens can be part of the solution rather than part of the problem, especially regarding invasive species with such ornamental interest as pampas grass.
The verification of wildland–urban interface fire evacuation models
Authors: Ronchi E. , Wahlqvist J. , Ardinge A. , Rohaert A. , Gwynne S. M. V. , Rein G. , Mitchell H. , Kalogeropoulos N. , Kinateder M. , Bénichou N. , Kuligowski E. , Kimball A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a protocol for the verification of multi-physics wildfire evacuation models, including a set of tests used to ensure that the conceptual modelling representation of each modelling layer is accurately implemented, as well as the interactions between different modelling layers and sub-models (wildfire spread, pedestrian movement, traffic evacuation, and trigger buffers). This work presents a total of 24 verification tests, including (1) 4 tests related to pedestrians, (2) 15 tests for traffic evacuation, (3) 5 tests concerning the interaction between different modelling layers, along with 5 tests for wildfire spread and trigger buffers. The evacuation tests are organized in accordance with different core components related to evacuation modelling, namely Population, Pre-evacuation, Movement, Route/destination selection, Flow constraints, Events, Wildfire spread and Trigger buffers. A reporting template has also been developed to facilitate the application of the verification testing protocol. An example application of the testing protocol has been performed using an open wildfire evacuation modelling platform called WUI-NITY and its associated trigger buffer model k-PERIL. The verification testing protocol is deemed to improve the credibility of wildfire evacuation model results and stimulate future modelling efforts in this domain.
Medication errors in relation to direct-acting oral anticoagulants: a qualitative study of pharmacists’ views and experiences
Authors: Al Rowily Abdulrhman , Aloudah Nouf , Jalal Zahraa , Abutaleb Mohammed , Baraka Mohamed , Paudyal Vibhu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite their effectiveness and ease of use, medication errors have been reported to be highly prevalent with direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC).

Aim
The aim of this study was to explore views and experiences of pharmacists on contributory factors and mitigation strategies around medication errors in relation to DOAC.

Method
This study used a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. The interview topic guide was developed based on previous literature and Reason's Accident Causation Model. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020 was used to thematically analyse the data (VERBI Software).

Results
Twenty-three participants representing a range of experiences participated. The analysis recognised three major themes: (a) enablers and barriers faced by pharmacists in promoting safe utilisation of DOAC, such as opportunities to conduct risk assessments and offer patient counselling (b) factors related to other healthcare professionals and patients, such as opportunities for effective collaborations and patient health literacy; and (c) effective strategies to promote DOAC safety such as empowering the role of pharmacists, patient education, opportunities for risk assessments, multidisciplinary working and enforcement of clinical guidelines and enhanced roles of pharmacists.

Conclusion

Pharmacists believed that enhanced education of healthcare professionals and patients, development and implementation of clinical guidelines, improvement of incident reporting systems, and multidisciplinary team working could be effective strategies to reduce DOAC-related errors. In addition, future research should utilise multifaceted interventions to reduce error prevalence.