bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Occupational Therapy and Medical Approach to Fall Prevention
Authors: Niemiec Stacey L. Schepens , Wagas Rafael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite falls being a common reason older adults present to the emergency room, current practice lacks systematic assessment processes to determine cause, consequence, and prevention of falls in this population. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to compare a combined medical and occupational therapy interdisciplinary approach to assessment and referral (n = 184) versus usual care (n = 213). Outcomes were analyzed at 4, 8, and 12 months. Cumulative number of falls was significantly lower in the intervention group (183) versus the control group (510; p = 0.0002) at 1-year follow-up. The intervention group demonstrated reduced risk of falling (odds ratio 0.39; 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.66), reduced risk of recurrent falls (0.33; 0.16–0.68), and reduced likelihood to return to hospital (0.61; 0.35–1.05). The control group had a more significant decline in function (p &lt; 0.00001). The study concluded that the medical–occupational therapy interdisciplinary approach to assessment and referral reduces falls risk and slows functional decline.
Effectiveness of Assistive Technology and Environmental Interventions in Maintaining Independence and Reducing Home Care Costs for the Frail Elderly
Authors: Arthanat Sajay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This randomized controlled study examined the effects of assistive technology (AT) and environmental interventions (EIs) on functional independence and home healthcare costs of older adults with chronic health conditions. The sample included 104 older adults, with 52 individuals randomized to an AT-EI intervention and 52 who received standard home care. Following a comprehensive functional assessment and home evaluation, older adults in the treatment group received personalized AT-EI intervention. After 18 months, both treatment and control groups demonstrated declines on instrumental activities of daily living, functional independence, cognition, mobility, and social integration. However, the decline was significant for the control group on all outcome measures, with the declines far more significant than those of the treatment group on pain, physical independence, and occupation. The control group also reported significantly higher healthcare costs during the follow-up period. Findings suggested that a comprehensive AT and EI intervention can slow functional declines of at-risk older adults and minimize their healthcare costs.
Community Aging in Place, Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE)
Authors: Fields Beth 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An interprofessional team, including occupational therapy, nursing, and a handy worker has the potential to support the growing aging population’s desire to age in place. The study included a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing the Community Aging in Place, Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE) intervention to an active control group consisting of reminiscence and sedentary activities in 40 low-income, community-dwelling, disabled older adults (65 years or older). Performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs), health-related quality of life, and falls efficacy were measured at baseline and 6 months after the pilot trial completion. Moderate to strong effect sizes favoring CAPABLE were found for ADL and IADL performance, quality of life, and falls efficacy. This study provides support for the person-centered, team-based CAPABLE intervention to reduce disability and increase quality of life of community-dwelling older adults.
Occupational Therapy for Independent-Living Older Adults
Authors: Schepens Niemiec Stacey L. , Lee Elissa S. , Pyatak Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Occupational therapy (OT) has the potential to mitigate against the health risks associated with older adulthood but traditionally has been applied only after catastrophic health events. The Well Elderly study included a randomized controlled trial comparing preventive OT services to non-professionally led social activity and a non-treatment control condition in 361 independent-living, multiethnic older adults (60+ years old). Physical, social, and mental health outcomes were measured at baseline, 9 months (intervention end), and 15 months. Results showed significant benefits for the OT group in overall health, functional status, and life satisfaction compared with both control conditions. The social activity control group did not differ significantly in outcomes compared with the non-treatment control. This study provides support for preventive OT service provision to promote the health and well-being of independent-living older adults, above and beyond mere participation in group-based social activities.
Occupational Therapy for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Takahashi Kayoko 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The chapter “Occupational Therapy for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease” describes a randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of occupational therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease who are living at home. A 10-week intervention was individualized to match the needs of both the patients and their caregivers, and it focused on strategies to improve the performance of daily activities. Self-management strategies were taught to both the patients and their caregivers to facilitate future problem-solving. The results showed that the intervention effectively increased occupational performance and satisfaction with meaningful daily activities in persons with Parkinson’s disease. The beneficial effects were sustained in the long term.
Occupation-Based Interventions for Addictive Disorders
Authors: Aguilar Carlos Juarez 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Addictive disorders often impact an individual’s ability to engage in meaningful occupations in a way that is desirable and beneficial to them. When comparing the use of didactic interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy with occupation-based interventions, this systematic review suggests that there is a small but significant improvement in outcomes in people receiving occupation-based interventions as treatment. Leisure, work, and social participation were the areas of occupation that this study found to be the primary focus of occupation-based interventions. Common occupation-based interventions identified in this review included, but were not limited to, yoga, music and songwriting, exercise, biking, and lyrical analysis. The accessible, low-cost, and non-invasive nature of these interventions suggests they can be easily integrated into a client’s treatment plan and daily living. Implementing these types of interventions for their small but significant improvement in outcomes is worth exploring across different settings.
An Adapted Model of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Young Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Chang Megan C. , Anvarizadeh Arameh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The chapter “An Adapted Model of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Young Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy” describes a study examining the effects of a modified constraint-induced movement therapy on children between 18 months and 4 years of age who were diagnosed with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. The results showed that the 6-month modified constraint-induced movement therapy significantly improved voluntary hand use on the affected hand after 2 months of treatment with 2 hours of use daily. The chapter also provides information about related research evaluating the modified constraint-induced movement therapy among children with cerebral palsy and presents a case study applying the study’s findings to clinical practice.
Evaluating Playfulness in Children
Authors: Ausderau Karla K. , Chatman Candace 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Test of Playfulness (ToP) with children with physical disabilities and no known cognitive limitations, compare their scores with those of able-bodied peers, and examine patterns of difference in test items. Data from all of the children in the normative data set meeting inclusion criteria (n = 25) were paired with those from able-bodied children matched on gender and age. Data were gathered during two 15-minute videotaped free-play sessions. Rasch analysis revealed 100% rater reliability, and 88% of the children with physical disabilities conformed to playfulness patterns represented in the normative data. Mean ToP scores did not differ between groups. Based on the study results, the ToP is a highly reliable assessment for children with physical disabilities. However, person-response validity did not achieve 95%. Further investigation is needed to determine ToP validity for children with physical disabilities and environmental influences on playfulness.
Occupational Therapy and Adult Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Morikawa Stacey , Amanat Yasaman 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The articles “Systematic Review of Occupational Therapy and Adult Cancer Rehabilitation,” part 1 and part 2, examine the evidence of the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions on adults with cancer. The systematic review highlights the importance of interventions including physical activity, symptom management, multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs, and interventions targeting psychosocial concerns, sexuality, and return to work. Strong evidence indicates that physical exercise is safe and beneficial for most cancer survivors, most notably to address cancer-related fatigue. Strong evidence supports the benefit of multidisciplinary rehabilitation for cancer survivors as well as the benefit of psychosocial intervention in reducing anxiety and depression. Moderate evidence supports the effectiveness of interventions on sexuality and return to work; however, further research in this area is needed. This systematic review provides support for occupational therapy intervention in addressing the activity and participation needs of adult cancer survivors.
Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance’s (CO-OP’s) Effectiveness in the Subacute Stroke Population
Authors: Peterson Kelsey 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The “Combined Cognitive-Strategy and Task-Specific Training Improve Transfer to Untrained Activities in Subacute Stroke: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial” article analyzed the effect of the Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach against regular outpatient occupational therapy (OT) on improving participants’ occupational performance and participation post-stroke. It employed an exploratory, randomized controlled trial at two outpatient OT clinics in Canada and the United States. Outcomes were measured using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS), the Community Participation Index, the Stroke Impact Scale, and the Self-Efficacy Gauge. Twenty-six participants were evaluated. At post-intervention, CO-OP over usual care had a medium effect size for PQRS trained activities and a large effect for PQRS untrained activities. At 3-month follow-up, CO-OP over usual care had large effect sizes for PQRS trained and untrained activities and medium effect sizes for change in participation via the Community Participation Index and self-efficacy.
Giving and Receiving Feedback
Authors: Veach Patricia McCarthy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter identifies feedback as one of the most frequent, valued, and consequential clinical supervision activities. It discusses the functions of feedback in supervision, including the importance of feedback for evaluating student performance, the supervision relationship, and supervision processes. It describes primary types of feedback (positive and corrective; immediate and distal), includes descriptions of the characteristics of effective feedback, and identifies common challenges to giving and receiving feedback. The chapter includes specific strategies and models for promoting effective feedback interactions between supervisors and students along with illustrative examples. Learning activities encourage self-reflection about feedback characteristics and challenges, and they provide stimulus material to practice feedback skills.
Rivaroxaban With or Without Aspirin in Patients with Stable Peripheral or Carotid Artery Disease
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in the management of patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. The Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (COMPASS) trial assessed the role of rivaroxaban in decreasing major adverse cardiovascular events. The COMPASS trial demonstrated better efficacy for a combination of low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin than aspirin alone or rivaroxaban alone. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Rivaroxaban in Peripheral Artery Disease After Revascularization (VOYAGER)
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in the management of patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease following revascularization. The Rivaroxaban in Peripheral Artery Disease After Revascularization (VOYAGER) trial assessed the role of a combination of low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin in decreasing major adverse cardiovascular and limb events. The VOYAGER trial demonstrated better efficacy for a combination of low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin than aspirin alone. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Analysis of Pooled Data from the Randomized Controlled Trials of Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether carotid endarterectomy improved outcomes compared to medical management in symptomatic carotid artery disease. The analysis of pooled data from the randomized controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis demonstrated benefit with surgery for patients with 50% to 69% symptomatic stenosis, and the procedure was found to be highly beneficial for those with 70% symptomatic stenosis or greater. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study locations, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticisms and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Endovascular Repair Compared with Surveillance for Patients with Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether early elective endovascular repair for small abdominal aortic aneurysms was beneficial compared to surveillance. The Positive Impact of Endovascular Options for Treating Aneurysms Early (PIVOTAL) trial demonstrated that early endovascular repair does not provide a survival advantage in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Renal Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery reporting on the natural history and surgical outcomes of renal artery aneurysms. The observational study of a 35-year clinical experience from a single center demonstrated that surgical therapy of renal artery aneurysms in properly selected patients provides excellent long-term clinical outcomes. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Supervised Exercise Versus Primary Stenting for Claudication Resulting from Aortoiliac Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether primary stenting improved walking distance compared to supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication. The Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization (CLEVER) trial demonstrated that supervised exercise results in superior treadmill walking performance compared with primary stenting. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether additional pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis reduced the risk of post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis. The Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal with Adjunctive Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (ATTRACT) trial demonstrated that additional pharmacomechanical thrombolysis did not result in a lower risk of the post-thrombotic syndrome. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
2-Year Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Mechanochemical Endovenous Ablation to Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Primary Great Saphenous Vein Incompetence
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery that compared the outcomes of mechanochemical endovenous ablation (MOCA) and radiofrequency ablation of primary varicose veins. This randomized controlled trial, the MARADONA trial, demonstrated a higher rate of anatomic failures with MOCA, but similar clinical outcomes were observed at 2 years. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Bladder stone management
Authors: Allen Siân , Smith Daron 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Bladder stone formation is a diagnosis that dates to antiquity but which is now uncommon, accounting for 5% of urinary tract stones. While the diagnosis can be seen across the whole range of urological conditions, patients with bladder outlet obstruction, intravesical foreign bodies, and those with neobladders are the most commonly at risk. As for upper tract urolithiasis, stone volume is the key factor in determining the best treatment for bladder stones, which also depends on the ease of urethral access and whether the patient has their native bladder or a neobladder. Treating the underlying cause (such as benign prostatic enlargement or the presence of intravesical mesh/surgical clips) also needs to be considered to minimize the risk of recurrent stone formation. Accordingly, the surgical strategy should be bespoke for the individual patient, particularly in more complex situations—‘Bladder stone management’ discusses these with a number of case illustrations.
Oncocytoma
Authors: Deytrikh Andrew , Reall Georgina , Lenton James , Browning Anthony 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case discusses the diagnosis, management, and prospect of surveillance for renal oncocytomas. Diagnostic adjuncts such as computed tomography and percutaneous biopsy with histology aim to differentiate these benign renal lesions from the more sinister renal cell carcinomas, particularly chromophobe subtype. There are a number of considerations with each of these diagnostic modalities which contribute to the difficulty of classifying these lesions as benign oncocytomas with certainty. The mainstay of management is still active surgical intervention, which should be nephron-sparing when possible, although surveillance of the lesion is the preferred option for some. Surveillance programmes and triggers to move from active monitoring to surgery are poorly defined and currently largely based on local protocols. Review of cross-sectional imaging prior to renal surgery may reveal important vascular anomalies, including left-sided inferior vena cava as described.
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Conroy Samantha , Noon Aidan P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case presentation depicts the frequent challenges faced by urologists in managing high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in a frail, elderly, comorbid cohort of patients. It explores the complex interplay of factors considered during the investigation, risk stratification, and management of an 82-year-old gentleman presenting with a non-muscle-invasive tumour of the highest-risk category. It focuses and expands upon current recommended bladder-preserving therapies, as well as highlighting the need for and future of novel, second-line bladder-preserving management options in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Progression of high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Neal Naomi L. , Bryant Richard J. , Protheroe Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-grade non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a potentially aggressive form of bladder cancer, with a high rate of progression to muscle-invasive disease and/or metastasis. Options for management of high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer include bladder preservation strategies such as treatment with intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation therapy followed by careful surveillance, or immediate radical cystectomy. This case aims to focus on these options, along with the potential for the development of metastatic disease in this condition, and the options for subsequent medical oncology management. After a prolonged period of time where there were relatively limited available chemotherapy options for patients with metastatic bladder cancer, recent immunotherapy options have become available for treatment, potentially improving outcomes for patients.