bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The causal relationship of gut microbiota in progression of seven common hematological malignancie
Authors: He Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaofang , Yang Kaiqian , Nie Duorui , Gang Dongxu , Jiang Songfu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Evidence from observational researches and clinical trials showed the relationship between gut microbiomes (GMs) and hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, the causal role of GM taxa in development of hematological malignancies remains to be explored. Therefore, we aim to assess the causal links between 196 GM taxa and seven common hematological malignancies using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
Methods: All datasets were derived from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) statistics. The primary analysis was performed using random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW). To verify the robustness of the MR results, we performed several sensitivity analyses such as Egger intercept test, the Cochran Q test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), and leave-one-out analysis.
Results: We revealed the family Oxalobacteraceae would increase the risk of myeloid leukemia by the Bonferroni correction [odds ratio (OR): 2.08, 95% CI: 1.49, 2.90, p = 1.68E-05]. In addition, 22 nominally significant associations between genetic liability in GMs and hematological malignancies were also found (P < 0.05). Sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the above causal relationships.
Conclusion: This study confirms the causal relationship between GMs and hematological malignancies and may provide new insights to the mechanistic and clinical researches of GM-mediated hematological malignancies.
Salvage prostate bed plus elective pelvic node radiation without androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Swanson Gregory P. , Hammonds Kendall , JHAVAR SAMEER 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and purpose:
In men with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCA) after radical prostatectomy (RP), there is limited data on effectiveness of adding elective pelvic nodal radiation (EPNI) to salvage prostate bed radiation (PBRT) without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to prevent progression.
Materials and Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 326 patients treated for BCR of PCA from a single institution was performed to capture baseline pre-operative PSA, pathologic details, post-operative PSA, treatment details (radiation and ADT), subsequent failure (rising PSA), response to radiation, and subsequent outcomes after radiation.
Results:
Between 2004 through 2017, 326 patients received PBRT. Majority (n = 253; 78%) did not receive ADT. Majority received EPNI (n = 227; 90%) with salvage PBRT (n = 213; 94%). The median pre-PBRT PSA was 0.50 ng/ml (0.10–75.60 ng/ml). Of the patients that did not receive ADT, 83% (210/253) achieved an undetectable (< 0.2 ng/ml) PSA after salvage PBRT. After a median follow up of 87 months, 172 (53%) patients were without a rising PSA and 50 (15%) developed metastatic disease.
Conclusion:
Outcomes with salvage PBRT plus EPNI without ADT appear comparable to salvage PBRT plus EPNI plus ADT. These results need confirmation in a randomized setting.
A 1:1 matched case-control study: Are thyroid nodules related to iodine nutrition? Can thyroglobulin(Tg) serve as a functional biomarker for thyroid nodules?
Authors: Lin Qingying , Wang Muhua , Chen Diqun , Wu Jiani , Lan Ying , Wang Lijin , Jin Qingdong , Chen Yanqing , Chen Zhihui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background A significant increasing trend in the prevalence of thyroid nodules has resulted in shining a spotlight on whether thyroid nodules are related to the level of iodine nutrition. In this study, a 1:1 matched case-control study is conducted to investigate whether thyroid nodules are related to the level of iodine nutrition.Methods Selected three survey sites with median urinary iodine (MUI) < 100µg/L, 100–199µg/L, and 200–299µg/L. The residents who have lived there for at least 5 years with thyroid nodules were the case group, while those without nodules were the control group that matched 1:1 with the case group by age (± 3 years), gender and region. All subjects completed questionnaires, collected blood and urine samples.Results The MUI of the case group in the areas with more than adequate iodine intake was lower than that of the control group(P < 0.05); Only the level of Tg of the case group was higher than that of the control group in the areas with adequate iodine intake(P < 0.05).The conditional Logistic regression model resulted that there were statistically significant correlations between history of thyroid disorders, Tg, TgAb and thyroid nodules.Conclusions When in the areas with more than adequate iodine intake, a slight increase in urinary iodine may help inhibit the occurrence of nodules. History of thyroid disorders, increased Tg and TgAb levels were risk factors for thyroid nodules. Tg can serve as a functional biomarker for thyroid nodules.
The experiences of intensive care nurses coping with ethical conflict: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Liu Yuanfei , Ying Liying , Zhang Yuping , Jin Jingfen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The critical conditions and life risk scenarios make intensive care nurses susceptible to ethical conflict. Negative consequences were recognized at both the individual level and the professional level which highly compromised the patient care and nurses’ well-being. Therefore, ethical conflict has become a major concern in nursing practice. However, the experience of coping with ethical conflict among intensive care nurses remains unclear.
Aims
This study aims to explore the experience of intensive care nurses coping with ethical conflict in China.
Methods
From December 2021 to February 2022, in- depth interviews with 15 intensive care nurses from five intensive care units in a tertiary general hospital in China was performed using purposive sampling. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. We applied the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research for this study.
Results
Two distinctive themes were found: detachment and engagement, which contained four subthemes: ignoring ethical problems in the workplace, seeking ways to express emotions, perspective-taking, and identifying positive assets. Theses coping strategies demonstrated an ongoing process with different essential features. Intensive care nurses acquired skills and experience to form more mature and well-adapted coping strategies.
Conclusion
This study provides a new insight into the experience of intensive care nurses coping with ethical conflict in clinical nursing. Intensive care nurses demonstrated differential experience of coping with ethical conflict in clinical nursing including problem-focused, emotion-focused and meaning-making strategies. These findings have implications for policymakers and nursing administrators to develop ethical education and training and supportive environment for intensive care nurses to tackle this issue.
In silico study identifies hub genes and regulatory network associated with the pathogenesis of Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Chand Gyanandra Bahadur , Azad Gajendra Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Approximately 3 billion people from South-East Asia are at risk of this disease; however, the pathogenesis mediated by this virus is still elusive. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify hub genes and regulator network associated with JE pathogenesis using several computational tools. Our data revealed VEGFA and WNT5A genes as major contributing factors for the development of primary stage of invasive JEV. These two genes were found to be regulated by transcription factor and miRNA targets from multiple databases. The analysis revealed that the activation of VEGFA and WNT5A is mediated by several transcription factors that include EGR1, EPAS1, ETS1, FOS, HIF1A and GLI3, GLI2, GLI1, respectively. Furthermore, we also identified several miRNAs that regulates the repression of VEGFA and WNT5A and also measured their seed pairing and binding free energy of gene-miRNAs interactions. The mathematical modelling supports the role of above mentioned miRNAs in the initiation of the regulatory pathogenesis in JEV. Additionally, we have shown that the type 1 and type 2 coherent and incoherent feed forward loops help to determine the VEGFA gene regulation by TFs and miRNAs. Altogether, this study demonstrates the regulation of JEV pathogenesis by WNT5A/VEGFA and associated miRNAs.
Paleoecological inferences about the Late Quaternary giant ground sloths from the Americas
Authors: Dantas Mário A. T. , Campbell Sean Cody , McDonald H. Gregory 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Occlusal Surface Area index together with the body mass contribute to better understanding the paleoecology and evolution of the giant sloths in the Americas. The giant sloths from southern South America probably had higher levels of fermentation/lower metabolic requirements, whereas the tropical taxa had higher metabolic requirements. The sloths that dispersed into Central and North America were most likely derived from tropical taxa based on the patterns observed in this study. Relative Muzzle Width and the Hypsodonty indices were used to infer the dietary adaptation of several late Pleistocene/early Holocene giant ground sloths from the Americas. The Nothrotheriidae and Megatheridae taxa were adapted to a browser or mixed-feeder “browser” diet, the Mylodontidae taxa to a variety of dietary types, and the Megalonychidae taxa to a mixed-feeder browser diet. However, these dietary adaptations do not necessarily reflect food niches. In general, Megalonychidae and Nothrotheriidae were climber species, Mylodontidae taxa were digger species, and Megatheriidae taxa were fully terrestrial species.
Determining the petrophysical rock types utilizing the Fuzzy C-means Clustering technique and the concept of hydraulic flow units
Authors: Eftekhari Seyedeh Hajar , Memariani Mahmoud , Maleki Zahra , Aleali Mohsen , Kianoush Pooria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rock types are the reservoir's most essential properties and show special facies with a defined range of porosity and permeability. This study used the fuzzy c-means clustering technique to identify rock types in 280 core samples obtained from one of the wells drilled in the Asmari reservoir located in the Mansouri field. Four hydraulic flow units were determined for studied data after classifying the flow zone index with histogram analysis, normal probability analysis, and the sum of square error methods. Then the two methods of flow zone index and fuzzy c-means clustering were used to determine the rock types in given wells according to the results obtained from the implementation of these two methods in-depth, and continuity index acts, the fuzzy c-means methods with continuity number 3.12 compared to flow zone index with continuity number 2.77 shows more continuity in depth. Amounts of porosity and permeability of the different reservoir rock samples have high dispersion; the relationship between these two parameters improves by using hydraulic flow unit techniques significantly. In this study, the relationship between porosity and permeability of correlation coefficient improves and increases in each hydraulic flow unit by using the flow zone index method so that in the general case for all samples increased from 0.55 to 0.81 in the first hydraulic flow unit, 0.94 in the second hydraulic flow unit, 0.85 in the third hydraulic flow unit and 0.94 in the fourth hydraulic flow unit that this is because the samples were characterized by similar flow properties in a hydraulic flow unit. In comparison, the correlation coefficient is obtained less than the general case in the fuzzy c-means method in all hydraulic flow units.
Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Score for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in a Thai Clinical Cohort: A Comparison of Absolute Scores and Age-Sex Specific Percentiles
Authors: Kitjanukit Supitcha , wongyikul Pakpoom , Kuanprasert Srun , Suwannasom Pannipa , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Phinyo Phichayut 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the prevalence and CAC distribution and to evaluate the association of each CAC classifications with major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE).
Method
This study was a retrospective observational cohort. We included patient aged above 35 years who underwent CAC testing. The absolute and age-sex specific percentile classification were categorized as 0, 1 to 10, 11 to 100, 101 to 400, and > 400 and 0, < 75th, 75th – 90th, and > 90th, respectively. The end point was MACE, including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization, coronary artery revascularization procedures, and stroke. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios. The discriminative performance between classification were compared using Harrell’s C-statistic. The agreement was assessed via Cohens’ Kappa.
Result
The study included 440 patients, with approximately 70% of Thai patients exhibiting a CAC score. CAC distributed higher in male than female and older than younger. Both CAC classification demonstrated the acceptable predictive performance. However, fair agreement was observed between classifications (Cohen’s kappa 0.51 95%CI 0.42–0.59). Within an absolute classification, the higher CAC could capture the higher hazard ratio more consistently across age-sex specific percentile level. In contrast, the association between MACE and the age-sex specific percentile classification was not consistent in all levels of the absolute CAC scale.
Conclusion
Both absolute and age-sex-specific percentile CAC scores showed acceptable performance in predicting MACE. However, it is likely that the classification of absolute CAC scores may be more appropriate for risk stratification in Thai clinical cohort.
A novel hierarchical carbon price forecasting model with local and overall perspectives
Authors: 益 帆许 , Che Jinxing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Existing carbon price decomposition methods make effective predictions, promote energy saving and emission reduction, and play an increasingly important role in carbon trading platforms. However, few studies have been conducted on the reorganization methods and different perspective treatments of the decomposition components. In this paper, a new component fusion method is introduced, based on this, a hierarchical carbon price prediction model with two levels—one for a local perspective and one for an overall one—is developed. Firstly, the carbon price data are decomposed and the resulting components are subjected to deviation sample entropy fusion, which classifies them into high, medium, and low frequencies according to the physical significance of the entropy values. Next, fine-grained predictions are performed for the high, medium and low frequency components, defining this step as the local layer. Subsequently, the decomposition error correction is proposed to obtained the data of the overall layer, and a secondary decomposition of this data is done. Finally, the prediction values of the two levels are summed to obtain the final prediction results. The experimental results in three markets, Guangdong, Tianjin and Beijing, show that the proposed fusion method can directly find the best component recombination scheme and the model prediction ability is better than the conventional secondary decomposition model.
Comparison between open reduction and internal fixation and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for unstable proximal humerus fractures treated with locking plate and intramedullary allograft: a retrospective study
Authors: Rusimov Lyubomir , Baltov Asen , Enchev Dian , Gueorguiev Boyko , Prodanova Krasimira , Hadzhinikolova Mariya , Rusimov Vladimir , Rashkov Mihail 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare the functional and radiological outcomes between open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with locking plate (LP) and intramedullary graft (IMG) for treatment of unstable proximal humerus fractures (PHFs).
Methods
Forty-seven patients with PHFs were treated with ORIF and MIPO techniques in 25 and 22 cases, respectively, and evaluated retrospectively with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Thirty-one fresh-frozen fibulae and 16 lyophilized tibiae allografts were used for augmentation. Radiological evaluation included the change in neck-shaft angle (NSA) and humeral head height (HHH). Functional outcomes were assessed using DASH and absolute Constant-Murley Score (CSabs) with its derivatives: relative (CSrel) and individual relative (CSindiv).
Results
Mean follow-up period was 27.4 ± 16.2 months for ORIF and 29.6 ± 17.6 for MIPO group. Mean age was 60.5 ± 13.7 and 66.3 ± 11.7 years for ORIF and MIPO group, respectively. Functional outcomes showed insignificant difference between the groups: CSabs of 57.3 ± 21.2 in ORIF and 52.4 ± 18.9 in MIPO group, (p = 0.409); CSrel of 73 ± 24.1 in ORIF and 73.9 ± 23.4 in MIPO, (p = 0.897); CSindiv of 69.6 ± 24.8 in ORIF and 64 ± 25.5 in MIPO, (p = 0.428); DASH of 14.8 ± 12.5 in ORIF and 18.7 ± 14.5 in MIPO, (p = 0.324). There were no significant differences in radiological outcomes between the two groups: decrease of NSA was 7.8° ± 9.4° in ORIF and 8.2° ± 15.6° in MIPO, (p = 0.922). Decrease of HHH was 0.6 mm ± 5.5 mm in ORIF and 1.4 mm ± 2.6 mm in MIPO, (p = 0.380). Surgical time was 165.8 ± 77.6 min for ORIF and 84.7 ± 38.1 min for MIPO, with significant difference between the groups (p < 0.001). Most common complication was AVN, occurring in five (20%) and 8 (36%) patients in ORIF and MIPO groups, respectively.
Conclusions
The study found that using LP fixation and IMG augmentation to treat unstable PHFs resulted in similar functional and radiological outcomes between the ORIF and MIPO techniques. However, the MIPO technique had a significantly shorter surgical time compared to ORIF.
Trial registration
The study was conducted in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki as well as national legal and regulatory requirements. The trial was retrospectively registered and approval was granted by the local Ethics Committee of University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment and Emergency Medicine “N. I. Pirogov”, Sofia, Bulgaria: (No. EC – 01/26.01.2023).
Fast Approximation Methods for Credit Portfolio Risk Calculations
Authors: Jakob Kevin , Churt Johannes , Nolte Kim , Fischer Matthias , Okhrin Yarema , Sondermann Dirk , Wilke Stefan , Worbs Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Credit risk is one of the main risks financial institutions are exposed to. Within the last two decades simulation-based credit portfolio models became extremely popular and replaced closed analytical ones as computers became more powerful. However, especially for non-homogenous and non-granular portfolios a full simulation of a credit portfolio model is still time consuming, which can be disadvantage within some use cases like credit pricing or within stress testing situations where results must be available very quickly. For this purpose, we investigate if methods based on artificial intelligence (AI) can be helpful to approximate a credit portfolio model. We compare the performance of AI-based methods within three different use cases with those of classical regression methods. As a result, we see that generally AI-based methods are able to capture portfolio characteristics and to and speed-up calculations but depending on the specific use case and the availability of training data they are not necessarily always the best choice. Particularly, considering the time and costs for collecting data and training of the complex algorithms, classical methods can be as good as or even better as AI-based ones with less effort.
Four classic “de novo” genes all have plausible homologs and likely evolved from retro-duplicated or pseudogenic sequences
Authors: Bozorgmehr Joseph Hannon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Despite being previously regarded as extremely unlikely, the idea that entirely novel protein-coding genes can emerge from non-coding sequences has gradually become accepted over the past two decades. Examples of “de novo origination”, resulting in lineage-specific “orphan” genes, lacking orthologs, are now produced every year. However, many are likely cases of duplicates that are difficult to recognize. Here, I re-examine the claims and show that four very well-known examples of genes alleged to have emerged de novo “from scratch” - namely FLJ33706 in humans, Goddard in fruit flies, BSC4 in baker’s yeast and AFGP2 in codfish - all have plausible evolutionary ancestors in pre-existing genes. In the case of the first two, highly diverged retrogenes that code for regulatory proteins may have been misidentified as being orphans. The antifreeze glycoproteins in cod, moreover, are shown to have likely not evolved from repetitive non-genic sequences but, as in other related cases, from an apolipoprotein that may well have been pseudogenized before later being reactivated. These findings detract from various claims made about de novo gene birth and show there has been a tendency not to invest the necessary effort in searching for homologs outside of a very limited syntenic or phylostratigraphic methodology. An approach used here for improving homology detection draws upon similarities, not just in terms of statistical sequence analysis, but also with biochemistry and function, in order to obviate failure.
Circulating microRNAs and hepcidin as predictors of iron homeostasis and anemia among school children: a biochemical and cross-sectional survey analysis
Authors: Al-Rawaf Hadeel A. , Gabr Sami , Iqbal Amir , H. Ahmad H. Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) had the ability to control several biological processes. Thus, the exisstance of these mlecules play a significant role in regulating human iron metabolism or homeostasis.
Purpose
The study aimed to determine the role of circulating microRNAs and hepcidin in controlling iron homeostasis and evaluating possible anemia among school children.
Methods
The study was based on a biochemical and cross-sectional survey study that included three hundred fifty school children aged 12–18 years old. RT–PCR and immunoassays analysis were accomplished to estimate iron concentration, Hgb, serum ferritin(SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total body iron stores(TIBs), total oxidative stress(TOS), total antioxidant capacity(TAC), α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and miRNAs; miR-146a, miR-129b, and miR-122 in 350 school adolescents.
Results
Iron disorders were cross-sectionally predicted in 28.54% of the study population; they were classified into 14.26% with ID and 5.7% with IDA, and 8.6% with iron overloaded. The overall proportion of iron depletion was significantly higher in girls (20.0%) than in boys(8.6%). MicroRNAs; miR-146a and miR-125b, and miR-122 were significantly upregulated with lower hepcidin expression in adolescence with ID and IDA compared to iron-overloaded subjects, whereas down-regulation of these miRNAs was linked with higher hepcidin. Also, a significant correlation was recorded between miRNAs, hepcidin levels, AGP, hs-CRP, TAC, and other iron-related indicators.
Conclusion
Molecular miRNAs; miR-146a and miR-125b, and miR-122 were shown to provide an additional means of controlling or regulating cellular iron uptake or metabolism either via oxidative stress pathway or regulation of hepcidin expression via activating genes encoding Hfe and Hjv activators which promotes iron regulation.