bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methamphetamine exposure and depression—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leung Janni , Mekonen Tesfa , Wang XiaoXuan , Arunogiri Shalini , Degenhardt Louisa , McKetin Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIssuesMethamphetamine use is a public health concern that has been associated with comorbid mental health problems. We aim to better understand the relationship between methamphetamine use and depression by: (i) systematically reviewing and meta‐analysing the risks of depression by methamphetamine use; and (ii) investigating the risk of unmeasured confounding.ApproachA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. EMBASE, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched to identify human studies reporting on the association between methamphetamine or amphetamine use and depressive outcomes. The data were summarised narratively and meta‐analysed, stratified by cross‐sectional and longitudinal estimates. Unmeasured confounding was assessed by E‐values analyses.Key FindingsFrom the 6606 studies that came up from the search, 14 eligible studies were included in the narrative review and had data for meta‐analysis. A significant association was found between any use of methamphetamine and any depression outcomes in cross‐sectional (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34, 2.05]) and longitudinal estimates (OR = 1.18 [95% CI 1.08, 1.28]). People with a methamphetamine use disorder had significantly higher odds of depression than those without (OR = 2.80 [95% CI 1.40, 5.90]). The E‐values ranged from 1.28 to 6.30 for cross‐sectional studies and from 2.37 to 3.21 for longitudinal studies.ConclusionBased on limited data, people who used methamphetamine have higher odds of depression than people who do not. There were mostly a low to moderate risk of unmeasured confounding in the longitudinal study results. Future longitudinal studies conducted using causal framework methods are warranted.
Differences in electroencephalography oscillations between normal aging and mild cognitive impairment during semantic memory retrieval
Authors: Chiang Hsueh‐Sheng , Lydon Elizabeth A. , Kraut Michael A. , Hart John , Mudar Raksha A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSemantic memory remains relatively stable with normal cognitive aging and declines in early stages of neurodegenerative disease. We measured electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory correlates of semantic memory retrieval to examine the effects of normal and pathological aging. Twenty‐nine cognitively healthy young adults (YA), 22 cognitively healthy aging adults (HA) and 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) completed a semantic memory retrieval task with concurrent EEG recording in which they judged whether two words (features of objects) led to retrieval of an object (retrieval) or not (non‐retrieval). Event‐related power changes contrasting the two conditions (retrieval vs. non‐retrieval) within theta, alpha, low‐beta and high‐beta EEG frequency bands were examined for normal aging (YA vs. HA) and pathological aging effects (HA vs. MCI). With no behavioural differences between the two normal age groups, we found later theta and alpha event‐related power differences between conditions only in YA and a high‐beta event‐related power difference only in HA. For pathological aging effects, with reduced accuracy in MCI, we found different EEG patterns of early event‐related beta power differences between conditions in MCI compared with HA and an event‐related low‐beta power difference only in HA. Beta oscillations were correlated with behavioural performance only in HA. We conclude that the aging brain relies on faster (beta) oscillations during the semantic memory task. With pathological aging, retrieval accuracy declines and pattern of beta oscillation changes. The findings provide insights about age‐related neural mechanisms underlying semantic memory and have implications for early detection of pathological aging.
Complex life cycles drive community assembly through immigration and adaptive diversification
Authors: Saltini Marco , Vasconcelos Paula , Rueffler Claus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost animals undergo ontogenetic niche shifts during their life. Yet, standard ecological theory builds on models that ignore this complexity. Here, we study how complex life cycles, where juvenile and adult individuals each feed on different sets of resources, affect community richness. Two different modes of community assembly are considered: gradual adaptive evolution and immigration of new species with randomly selected phenotypes. We find that under gradual evolution complex life cycles can lead to both higher and lower species richness when compared to a model of species with simple life cycles that lack an ontogenetic niche shift. Thus, complex life cycles do not per se increase the scope for gradual adaptive diversification. However, complex life cycles can lead to significantly higher species richness when communities are assembled trough immigration, as immigrants can occupy isolated peaks of the dynamic fitness landscape that are not accessible via gradual evolution.
Cervical precancerous lesion classification using quantum invasive weed optimization with deep learning on biomedical pap smear images
Authors: Mishra Awanish Kumar , Gupta Indresh Kumar , Diwan Tarun Dhar , Srivastava Swati 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiomedical imaging devices, in general, have been made and used a lot lately to examine the insides of the body during diagnostic and analytic procedures. Biomedical imaging gives accurate information about metabolites, which can be used to find and classify diseases because it is not invasive. For the study of cervical cancer (CC), the pap smear is a crucial type of biological imaging. CC is a crucial reason to enhance the rate of women's mortalities. Proper screening of pap smear images is critical for assisting in the early detection and analysis of CC. Computer‐aided systems for cancerous cell recognition need well established artificial intelligence (AI) methods. In this study, we introduce an automated Cervical Precancerous Lesion Classification using Quantum Invasive Weed Optimization with Deep Learning (CPLC‐QIWODL) on biomedical pap smear images. The presented CPLC‐QIWODL technique examines the pap smear images for cervical cancer classification. To do so, the presented CPLC‐QIWODL technique pre‐processes the biomedical images using a Gabor filtering (GF) approach. Moreover, the CPLC‐QIWODL technique uses a deep convolutional neural network‐based SqueezeNet system for feature extraction. Furthermore, the hyperparameter tuning of the SqueezeNet methodology takes place using the QIWO technique, showing the novelty of the work. Finally, to classify CC, the deep variational autoencoder (DVAE) model is applied. The experimental result analysis of the CPLC‐QIWODL technique is tested using a benchmark medical image database. Extensive comparative results demonstrated the enhanced outcomes of the CPLC‐QIWODL technique over other existing algorithms, with a maximum accuracy of 99.07%.
Field strength effect on elastoplastic behavior of aluminoborosilicate glass: II. Volumetric recovery
Authors: Fry Aubrey L. , Ogrinc Andrew L. , Kim Seong H. , Mauro John C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe field strength (FS) effect of six different network modifiers on the elastoplastic properties of aluminoborosilicate glasses was explored using a volumetric recovery study. This work, in conjunction with Part I, explored the intersection of hardness, crack resistance, and other physical properties with glass elasticity. Results showed that (1) the elastic volume fraction decreased with FS for both the alkali and alkaline earth (AE) glasses; (2) the Poisson's ratio did not trend with pile‐up or shear flow volume fraction; (3) the elastic‐to‐plastic deformation ratio increased with applied load and decreased with modifier FS for both the alkali and AE glasses; and (4) an increase in plasticity correlated with increased hardness, crack resistance, and elastic moduli.
Resistance and genomic characterization of a plasmid pkh2101 harbouring erm(B) isolated from emerging fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae serotype II in Japan
Authors: Akmal Muhammad , Akatsuka Mami , Nishiki Issei , Yoshida Terutoyo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe emergence of antibiotic‐resistant pathogenic strains of Lactococcus garvieae serotype II isolated from fish in Japan has become a growing concern in recent years. The data on drug susceptibility and its associated resistance mechanism are limited. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chemotherapeutic agents against 98 pathogenic strains of emerging Lactococcus garvieae serotype II isolated from fish from six different prefectures in Japan from 2018 to 2021. The tested strains were resistant to erythromycin, lincomycin and tiamulin. PCR amplification revealed the presence of erm(B) in all erythromycin‐resistant strains, while a conjugation experiment confirmed that these strains carried erm(B) that could be transferred to recipient Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF with frequencies from 10−4 to 10−6 per donor cells. Nucleotide sequencing of the representative isolated plasmid pkh2101 from an erythromycin‐resistant strain showed that it was a 26,850 bp molecule with an average GC content of 33.49%, comprising 31 CDSs, 13 of which remained without any functional annotation. Comparative genomic analysis suggested that pkh2101 shared the highest similarity (97.57% identity) with the plasmid pAMbeta1, which was previously isolated clinically from Enterococcus faecalis DS‐5. This study provides potential evidence that the plasmid harbouring erm(B) could be a source of antibiotic resistance transmission in emerging L. garvieae infection in aquaculture.
Was cratonic Asia deeply subducted beneath the Pamir? Evidence from P–T conditions and tectonic affinities of Cenozoic Pamir crustal xenoliths
Authors: Li Yi‐Peng , Ding Lin , Robinson Alexander C. , Liu De‐Liang , Xie Jing , Zhang Li‐Yun , Zhao Chen‐Yuan , Yue Ya‐Hui , Liu Yiduo , Oimuhammadzoda Ilhomjon , Gadoev Mustafo , Rajabov Negmat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the most striking geological features of the Pamir is the south‐dipping lithospheric slab beneath the orogen characterized by an intracontinental Wadati‐Benioff zone. A widely accepted hypothesis over the past 40 years interprets the slab to represent southward subducted cratonic Asian continental lithosphere, which predicts significant cratonic Asia‐sourced crustal materials (e.g., Tarim Basin) beneath the Pamir. Alternatively, recent studies have interpreted the slab to be lithosphere delaminated from the base of the Pamir. To test these hypotheses, depth–tectonic affinity relations of crustal xenoliths carried by Miocene volcanic rocks in the eastern Pamir, interpreted to be sourced from the Pamir deep lithosphere, are used to determine whether they represented Asian affinity cratonic crust. Thermodynamic calculations, zircon U–Pb geochronology combined with rare earth element analysis, and whole‐rock major‐trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses document that (1) eclogite and pyroxenite xenoliths (~31–43 kbar/~960–1170°C) are the deepest sourced portions of the lithosphere from ~100 to 140 km depth, the protoliths of which represent the mid‐lower crustal rocks of the Cretaceous Pamir magmatic arc, rather than material from cratonic Asia, and (2) granulite xenoliths (~20 kbar/~900°C) represent the Cenozoic lower crustal rocks of Pamir terranes from ~70 km depth. These results indicate the south‐dipping slab represents delaminated Pamir lower crust and mantle lithosphere, rather than intracontinental subduction of Asian lithosphere, and further support the hypothesis of minimal Cenozoic northward translation of the Pamir.
Evaluation of haem dipstick pad, urine protein, urinepHand urine protein:creatinine ratio results as a marker of bacteriuria in dogs and cats with inactive urine sediment
Authors: Broadbridge C. , Williams T. L. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesEvaluation of haem dipstick pad, urine protein, urine pH and urine protein:creatinine ratio results as a marker of bacteriuria in dogs and cats with inactive urine sediment.Materials and MethodsCats and dogs with contemporaneous urine dipstick, microscopic sediment analysis and microbiological culture and sensitivity results over a four‐year period (2016 to 2020) were retrospectively identified. Dogs and cats with active urine sediments (at least five erythrocytes and/or five leukocytes per high‐power field) and/or spermaturia were excluded. Association between urine pH, haem dipstick result, protein dipstick result and urine protein:creatinine ratio with bacteriuria were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis. Likelihood ratios for bacteriuria were calculated at different diagnostic thresholds.ResultsA total of 668 and 169 dog and cat urine samples were included. Of these, 166 dogs (25%) had a positive urine culture, whilst only 29 cats (17%) had a positive urine culture. In dogs and cats, any positive haem dipstick result was significantly associated with bacteriuria, although only a ≥4+ haem positive result in dogs was associated with a small increase in the likelihood of a positive urine culture, and positive likelihood ratios did not support the use of haem dipstick results as a screening test for bacteriuria in cats. pH, urine protein:creatinine ratio and protein dipstick results were not associated with bacteriuria.Clinical SignificanceOur findings provide proof of concept that haem dipstick pad results in dogs with inactive sediment and without spermaturia might be useful as a screening test for bacteriuria, although further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Oral health care in adult intensive care units: A national point prevalence study
Authors: Kelly Niamh , Blackwood Bronagh , Credland Nicki , Stayt Louise , Causey Christine , Winning Lewis , McAuley Daniel F. , Lundy Fionnuala T. , El karim Ikhlas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of good oral hygiene for patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is well recognized, however, the most effective way to achieve good oral care in the ICU is unclear.AimThis study aimed to provide a national picture of oral care practices in adult ICUs in the United Kingdom (UK) to identify areas for improvement.Study DesignA national one‐day point prevalence study was undertaken in adult ICUs in the UK in the period from 30th September to 14th October 2021. Data were collected on all patients in the ICU on the date of data collection. Using a validated electronic data collection form, anonymised data were collected on methods and frequency of oral care provided, and the use of oral care protocols within the ICU. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis.ResultsData from 195 patients in 15 ICUs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland were collected. Written oral care protocols were available for use in the care of 65% (n = 127) of patients. 73% (n = 142) of patients received oral care within the 24‐h period. Oral care methods included toothbrushing 41% (n = 79), foam sticks 3% (n = 5), moisturizing the oral cavity 10% (n = 19) and mouth rinse with chlorhexidine 3% (n = 5) and other oral care methods not specified 12% (n = 23). 44% (n = 85) of patients had an oral assessment within the 24‐h period and variable assessment methods were used.ConclusionThere is large variability in oral care provision and methods for intubated ICU patients and a lack of consensus was revealed in the study. Oral assessment is conducted less frequently using multiple tools. Optimal oral care standards and further research into oral care provision is pivotal to address this important patient‐relevant practice.Relevance to Clinical PracticeOral care is a fundamental part of care for ICU patients, however, there is a large degree of variability, and oral care is often not based upon oral assessment. The use of an oral care protocol and oral assessments would help to improve patient care, ease of use for staff and provide a tailored oral care plan for patients, improving efficiency and preventing wasted resources.
Exploring gastrointestinal health in MECP2 duplication syndrome
Authors: Pehlivan Davut , Ak Muharrem , Glaze Daniel G. , Suter Bernhard , Motil Kathleen J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is a rare neurogenetic syndrome caused by duplications of MECP2 at the Xq28 region. Although constipation and gastrointestinal reflux are reported in MDS, a comprehensive characterization of gastrointestinal health has not been fully explored.MethodsWe conducted a parent survey to explore the characteristics of gastrointestinal health in individuals with MDS using a secure online registry and compared differences in gastrointestinal symptoms between individuals with MDS and those with Rett syndrome (RTT).Key ResultsOne hundred six surveys were analyzed. Symptoms commonly associated with constipation occurred in 72% to 89% of MDS individuals. Eleven percent of MDS individuals underwent surgery for complications associated with constipation. We observed a bimodal distribution for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and gastrostomy feeding, with higher prevalence in 0‐3 and >12‐year‐old MDS individuals. Constipation and GERD were significantly more common, and gas bloating was significantly less common in MDS than in RTT. Biliary tract disease requiring surgery was an unrecognized problem in 5% of MDS individuals. We determined that gastrointestinal problems in MDS individuals contribute to caretaker burden.Conclusion and InferencesOur study is the first in‐depth investigation that characterizes gastrointestinal health in MDS and enumerates differences in gastrointestinal symptoms between MDS and RTT. Strategies to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms will alleviate caregiver burden in MDS. Further studies are needed to examine the mechanisms that cause gastrointestinal problems in MDS.
Carbon quantum dots as immune modulatory therapy in a Sjögren's syndrome mouse model
Authors: Fu Cuicui , Qin Xiaoyun , Shao Wenlong , Zhang Jin , Zhang Ting , Yang Jiaqi , Ding Chong , Song Yeqing , Ge Xuejun , Wu Gang , Bikker Floris J. , Jiang Nan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in immunomodulation on non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice, as the model for Sjögren's syndrome (SS).MethodsCarbon quantum dots were generated from Setaria viridis via a hydrothermal process. Their toxic effects were tested by cell viability and blood chemistry analysis, meanwhile therapeutic effects were investigated in NOD mice in the aspects of saliva flow, histology, and immune cell distribution.ResultsCarbon quantum dots, with rich surface chemistry and unique optical properties, showed non‐cytotoxicity in vitro or no damage in vivo. Intravenously applied CQDs alleviated inflammation in the submandibular glands in NOD mice after 6‐week treatments. The inflammatory area index and focus score were significantly decreased in CQD‐treated mice. Besides, the levels of anti‐SSA and anti‐SSB were decreased in the presence of CQDs. The stimulated saliva flow rates and weight of submandibular glands were significantly increased in CQD‐treated mice by reducing the apoptosis of cells. The CD3+ and CD4+ T cells distributed around the ducts of submandibular glands were significantly decreased, while the percentage of Foxp3+ cells was higher in CQD‐treated mice than that in the control group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CQDs may ameliorate the dysregulated immune processes in NOD mice.
The trace of the affine Hecke category
Authors: Gorsky Eugene , Neguț Andrei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe compare the (horizontal) trace of the affine Hecke category with the elliptic Hall algebra, thus obtaining an “affine” version of the construction of Gorsky et al. (Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 2022 (2022) 11304–11400). Explicitly, we show that the aforementioned trace is generated by the objects as , where denote the Wakimoto objects of Elias and denote Rouquier complexes. We compute certain categorical commutators between the 's and show that they match the categorical commutators between the sheaves on the flag commuting stack that were considered in Neguț (Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 135 (2022) 337–418). At the level of ‐theory, these commutators yield a certain integral form of the elliptic Hall algebra, which we can thus map to the ‐theory of the trace of the affine Hecke category.
Abstract A006: Chromatin remodeling as a potential epigenetic mechanism of tolerance to KRAS loss
Authors: Martins Flavia , Machado Ana L. , Carvalho Patricia D. , Carvalho Joana , Matthiesen Rune , Backman Vadim , Velho Sergia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
KRAS-targeted inhibition yielded promising, yet far from ideal, clinical responses, revealing that cancer cells easily bypass KRAS loss. Therefore, we aim to understand how mutant KRAS cancer cells tolerate so well the loss of a key oncogene to which they were addicted to. KRAS expression was silenced through siRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines that carry KRAS mutations. The proteome characterization was obtained by mass spectrometry and the expression of significantly altered proteins was validated by western blotting. Chromatin states were investigated using electron microscopy. Upon KRAS inhibition, there was a significant reduction in the cell number, accompanied by changes in cell cycle, thus supporting KRAS-dependency. Proteomics analysis revealed that KRAS inhibition-tolerant cells upregulated several proteins associated with the extracellular exosome or nuclear compartments. Molecular function and biological process gene ontology terms revealed an up-regulation of proteins mainly associated with binding activities (RNA, protein, nucleosome, and core promoter binding) as well as gene expression regulation, mRNA splicing and processing, and nucleosome assembly and repositioning. In addition, the proteomics data also revealed an upregulation of proteins associated with active chromatin states. Moreover, KRAS-silenced persister cells also presented alterations in some histone post-translational modifications and in chromatin packing, both suggesting that transcription is impacted. Overall, our results suggest an epigenetic mechanism underlying tolerance to KRAS inhibition that involves chromatin structural changes and transcription alterations, which we are currently pursuing.
Citation Format: Flavia Martins, Ana L. Machado, Patricia D. Carvalho, Joana Carvalho, Rune Matthiesen, Vadim Backman, Sergia Velho. Chromatin remodeling as a potential epigenetic mechanism of tolerance to KRAS loss [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting RAS; 2023 Mar 5-8; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2023;21(5_Suppl):Abstract nr A006.