bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aluminium doped ZnO nanostructures for efficient photodegradation of indigo carmine and azo carmine G in solar irradiation
Authors: Bhapkar Abhishek R. , Geetha Mithra , Jaspal Dipika , Gheisari Khalil , Laad Meena , Cabibihan John-John , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Bhame Shekhar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanomaterials (AlxZn1-xO) with x fraction varying as 0.02 and 0.04 were synthesized using the auto-combustion method using glycine as a fuel. The synthesized catalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). XRD results showed that synthesized materials possessed good crystallinity, while UV–VIS was employed to find the band gaps of synthesized materials. Raman was used to determine the vibrational modes in the synthesized nanoparticles, while TEM analysis was performed to study the morphology of the samples. Industrial effluents such as indigo carmine and azo carmine G were used to test the photodegradation ability of synthesised catalysts. Parameters such as the effect of catalyst loading, dye concentration and pH were studied. The reduction in crystallite size, band gap and increased lattice strain for the 4% AZO was the primary reason for the degradation in visible irradiation, degrading 97 and 99% equimolar concentrations of indigo carmine and azo carmine G in 140 min. The Al doped ZnO was found to be effective in faster degradation of dyes as compared to pure ZnO in presence of natural sunlight.
Design of mirtazapine solid dispersion with different carriers’ systems: optimization, in vitro evaluation, and bioavailability assessment
Authors: Aldeeb Reem Abd Elhameed , Mahdy Mahmoud Abd El-Ghani , El-Nahas Hanan Mohamed , Musallam Abeer Abdelaziz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe solid dispersion technique is the most effective and widely used approach for increasing the solubility and release of drugs that have low water solubility. Mirtazapine (MRT) is an atypical antidepressant used to treat severe depression. MRT has a low oral bioavailability (about 50%) due to its low water solubility (BCS class II). The study’s goal was to determine optimum conditions for incorporating MRT into various polymer types utilizing the solid dispersion (SD) technique, with the goal of selecting the most suitable formula with the optimal aqueous solubility, loading efficiency, and dissolution rate. The D-optimal design was used to pick the optimal response. The optimum formula was subjected to physicochemical evaluation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vivo bioavailability study was conducted on white rabbits’ plasma samples. MRT-SDs were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using Eudragit (RL-100, RS-100, E-100, L-100–55), PVP K-30, and PEG 4000 with different drug/polymer percentages (33.33%, 49.99%, and 66.66%). Results showed that the optimum formula obtained using PVP K-30 at a drug percentage of 33.33% gave a loading efficiency of 100.93%, an aqueous solubility of 0.145 mg/ml, and a dissolution rate of 98.12% after 30 min. These findings demonstrated promising enhancement of MRT properties and increasing its oral bioavailability by 1.34-fold more than plain drug.
Graphical Abstract
A fractional approach to study the pure-temporal Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) process for earthquakes modeling
Authors: Cristofaro Lorenzo , Garra Roberto , Scalas Enrico , Spassiani Ilaria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn statistical seismology, the Epidemic Type Aftershocks Sequence (ETAS) model is a branching process used world-wide to forecast earthquake intensity rates and reproduce many statistical features observed in seismicity catalogs. In this paper, we describe a fractional differential equation that governs the earthquake intensity rate of the pure temporal ETAS model by using the Caputo fractional derivative and we solve it analytically. We highlight that the tools and special functions of fractional calculus simplify the classical methods employed to obtain the intensity rate and let us describe the change of solution decay for large times. We also apply and discuss the theoretical results to the Japanese catalog in the period 1965-2003.
The art of Schwinger and Feynman parametrizations
Authors: Kim U-Rae , Cho Sungwoong , Lee Jungil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a derivation of the Schwinger parametrization and the Feynman parametrization in detail and their elementary applications. Although the parametrizations are essential to computing the loop integral arising in relativistic quantum field theory, their detailed derivations are not presented in usual textbooks. Beginning with an integral representation of the unity, we derive the Schwinger parametrization by performing multiple partial derivatives and utilizing the analyticity of the gamma function. The Feynman parametrization is derived by the partial-fraction decomposition and the change of variables introducing an additional delta function. Through the extensive employment of the analyticity of a complex function, we show the equivalence of those parametrizations. As applications of the parametrizations, we consider the combinatorial factor arising in the Feynman parametrization integral and the multivariate beta function. The combinatorial factor corresponds to an elementary integral embedded in the time-ordered product of the Dyson series in the time-dependent perturbation theory. We believe that the derivation presented here can be a good pedagogical example that students enhance their understanding of complex variables and train the use of the Dirac delta function in coordinate transformation.
Study protocol of an observational study in acute psychiatric home treatment: How does home treatment work? Identification of common factors and predictors of treatment success
Authors: Baumann Felix , Bergamaschi Vera , Warnke Ingeborg , Corbisiero Salvatore , Felleiter Kerstin Gabriel , Fellmann Seraina , Ludwig Fabian , Riedel Andreas , Znoj Hansjörg , Schmidt Stefanie 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Background
Systematic reviews indicated that home treatment is an effective and cost-saving alternative to conventional acute psychiatric treatment options. Treatment success has often been defined as a reduction of hospital admissions. In the current study, symptoms and well-being are assessed regularly during treatment as an indicator for treatment success. Patients’ characteristics such as diagnosis, age, substance use, and motivation for treatment were discussed as predictors for treatment success. A second focal point of the study lies in the examination of the therapeutic relationship in terms of the outcome, which has not yet been systematically investigated in home treatment.

Methods
This is an observational study with a prospective naturalistic design. Measurements are carried out at baseline, during and at the end of treatment as well as at the 3‑month follow-up. Patients’ characteristics as potential predictors for treatment success will be assessed at baseline. In addition, the perceived relationship between the patients and the team will be measured daily and weekly throughout the treatment. Treatment success is by the changes in symptoms and general well-being assessed weekly. We aim to include 82 participants assigned to home treatment. Variance analyses with repeated measurements will be conducted to evaluate treatment success.

Conclusion
By examining potential patient- and relationship-related predictors of treatment success, insights into relevant determining variables of treatment success in this setting are expected. The results might help to better identify who benefits the most from home treatment.
Low Rank Tensor Decompositions and Approximations
Authors: Nie Jiawang , Wang Li , Zheng Zequn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere exist linear relations among tensor entries of low rank tensors. These linear relations can be expressed by multi-linear polynomials, which are called generating polynomials. We use generating polynomials to compute tensor rank decompositions and low rank tensor approximations. We prove that this gives a quasi-optimal low rank tensor approximation if the given tensor is sufficiently close to a low rank one.
“Ten Days of Paid Incarceration and Mental Torture” Experiences of Quarantined Individuals Arriving in the UK from Red Listed Countries in Southern Africa Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nyashanu Mathew , Brown Michael , Nyashanu Ticahaenzana , Frost Diana , Mushawa Fungisai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 has affected many communities across the world prompting different strategies of containing it. The strategies to contain COVID-19 included restrictive environments such as self-isolation and quarantine. This research study was set to explore the experiences of quarantined individuals arriving in the United Kingdom (UK) from red listed countries in Southern Africa. This research study utilises an exploratory qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from twenty-five research participants. A thematic approach underpinning the four phases of data analysis in The Silence Framework (TSF) was used to analyse the data. The study found that the research participants reported confinement, dehumanisation, feeling swindled, depressed, anxious and stigmatised. Less restrictive and non-oppressive quarantine regimes should be considered to foster positive mental health outcomes on individuals undergoing quarantine during pandemics.
Structural analysis of a fibre-reinforced composite blade for a 1 MW tidal turbine rotor under degradation of seawater
Authors: Jiang Yadong , Finnegan William , Wallace Finlay , Flanagan Michael , Flanagan Tomas , Goggins Jamie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a structural performance study of a fibre-reinforced composite blade for a 1 MW tidal turbine rotor blade that was designed for a floating tidal turbine device. The 8-m long blade was manufactured by ÉireComposites Teo and its structural performance was experimentally evaluated under mechanical loading in the Large Structures Research Laboratory at the University of Galway. Composite coupons, applied with an accelerated ageing process, were tested to evaluate the influence of seawater ageing effects on the performance of the materials. The material strength of the composites was found to have a considerable degradation under the seawater ingress. As part of the design stage, a digital twin of the rotor blade was developed, which was a finite-element model based on layered shell elements. The finite-element model was verified to have good accuracy, with a difference of 4% found in the blade tip deflection between the physically measured test results in the laboratory and numerical prediction from the model. By updating the numerical results with the material properties under seawater ageing effects, the structural performance of the tidal turbine blade under the working environment was studied. A negative impact from seawater ingress was found on the blade stiffness, strength and fatigue life. However, the results show that the blade can withstand the maximum design load and guarantee the safe operation of the tidal turbine within its design life under the seawater ingress.
Two-Terminal Lithium-Mediated Artificial Synapses with Enhanced Weight Modulation for Feasible Hardware Neural Networks
Authors: Baek Ji Hyun , Kwak Kyung Ju , Kim Seung Ju , Kim Jaehyun , Kim Jae Young , Im In Hyuk , Lee Sunyoung , Kang Kisuk , Jang Ho Won 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecently, artificial synapses involving an electrochemical reaction of Li-ion have been attributed to have remarkable synaptic properties. Three-terminal synaptic transistors utilizing Li-ion intercalation exhibits reliable synaptic characteristics by exploiting the advantage of non-distributed weight updates owing to stable ion migrations. However, the three-terminal configurations with large and complex structures impede the crossbar array implementation required for hardware neuromorphic systems. Meanwhile, achieving adequate synaptic performances through effective Li-ion intercalation in vertical two-terminal synaptic devices for array integration remains challenging. Here, two-terminal Au/LixCoO2/Pt artificial synapses are proposed with the potential for practical implementation of hardware neural networks. The Au/LixCoO2/Pt devices demonstrated extraordinary neuromorphic behaviors based on a progressive dearth of Li in LixCoO2 films. The intercalation and deintercalation of Li-ion inside the films are precisely controlled over the weight control spike, resulting in improved weight control functionality. Various types of synaptic plasticity were imitated and assessed in terms of key factors such as nonlinearity, symmetricity, and dynamic range. Notably, the LixCoO2-based neuromorphic system outperformed three-terminal synaptic transistors in simulations of convolutional neural networks and multilayer perceptrons due to the high linearity and low programming error. These impressive performances suggest the vertical two-terminal Au/LixCoO2/Pt artificial synapses as promising candidates for hardware neural networks
The risk of fluid-injection-induced fault reactivation in carbonate reservoirs: an investigation of a geothermal system in the Ruhr region (Germany)
Authors: Kruszewski Michal , Montegrossi Giordano , Saenger Erik H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the potential for fluid-injection-induced fault reactivation and induced seismicity risk during simultaneous injection-extraction operation in a theoretical geothermal doublet system in a carbonate reservoir in the Ruhr region. Using a coupled three-dimensional thermo-hydro-mechanical approach, we investigate the probability of injection-induced fault rupture. We perform a sensitivity study assuming variability of the fault and matrix permeability, injection/production flow rates, well placement options, rock thermal properties, and evaluate the influence of thermally induced stresses. The ruptured fault areas were calculated based on a Coulomb friction law and a notion that the shear slip is controlled by the ratio of shear to effective normal stresses acting on a pre-existing plane of weakness in the in situ stress field configuration. Ruptured fault areas in the intrinsically not critically-stressed environment, using location-specific empirical correlations, were used to compute local moment magnitudes of potential earthquakes. Based on this study, we conclude that, in the long-term, thermally-induced stresses play a dominant role during fault reactivation and greatly increase the likelihood for induced seismicity. We, therefore, propose that a minimum safe distance between an injection well and a fault should be based primarily on the radius of a thermal plume generated during the expected lifetime of a geothermal system. Results from this study provide valuable insights for the development of future deep geothermal systems in the Ruhr region and other geothermal reservoirs worldwide.
Umgangsstrategien mit Drop-out in der Alphabetisierung und Grundbildung
Authors: Sindermann Lena , Bickert Marie , Mulliez Gwennaëlle , Thalhammer Veronika 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der theoretischen Perspektive der Educational Governance und des akteurszentrierten Institutionalismus, werden im folgenden Beitrag Akteure im Mehrebenensystem sowie ihr handelndes Zusammenwirken im Umgang mit Kursabbrüchen analysiert. Auf Basis der inhaltsanalytischen Auswertung von insgesamt 22 leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Dozierenden und Bildungsplanenden konnten drei wesentliche Umgangsstrategien mit Drop-out differenziert werden: Akzeptanz, Reduzierung und Verhinderung. Im Kern der Befunde steht die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Dozierenden und Bildungsplanenden. Deutlich werden die Eingebundenheit und Abhängigkeit ihrer Handlungskapazitäten, -optionen sowie ihrer wechselseitigen Erwartungen in und von umgangsstrategiespezifischen Akteurskonstellationen im Mehrebenensystem der Weiterbildung. Insgesamt verweist der Beitrag auf die Relevanz des handelnden Zusammenwirkens einer Vielzahl je unterschiedlicher Akteure im Umgang mit Kursabbrüchen, welche zukünftige Forschung berücksichtigen müsste.
New Evaluation Method for Hot Cracking Tendency of High Alloyed Steels Containing Niobium
Authors: Scheidhauer Nico , Brambila Jean Amadeo , Wolf Gotthard , do Nascimento Francisco Manoel Perez , Dommaschk Claudia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated existing and potential approaches for hot cracking analysis of cast alloys and showed a promising and very applicable new specimen for high alloyed steels. The reliability of this specimen has been demonstrated by adding niobium to alloy HH (ASTM A297), or alloy 1.4837 (ISO 11973). Niobium shows a very positive impact on hot cracking behavior and can thereby reduce scrap in steel foundries. Amounts above 0.6 wt% niobium can reduce the size and number of hot cracks significantly. The reduction of hot cracking tendency was quantified by the cracking factor CFNb2. The positive effect is associated with the reduction in solidification interval length that was measured by thermal analysis and the observed “healing” of cracks in the microsections. Both effects are promoted by niobium. The promotion of the ferritic solidification seems to have no positive impact on the hot cracking behavior.
Veronal Sleep
Authors: Klinger Sebastian P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExisting scholarship has demonstrated that the literary and medical writings of the author-physician Arthur Schnitzler are inextricably intertwined. Yet very little attention has been paid to problems of pharmacology, although medical substances appear frequently in his works. Based on a discovery in the corporate archives of the pharmaceutical giant Bayer – the finding that the company took notice of (and issue with) the role of the soporific Veronal in Schnitzler’s Fräulein Else – the article proposes a reading that situates this novella in the context of the ›Veronal culture‹ of the early twentieth century. Providing the first reading of Fräulein Else with a focus on the soporific, the present article reveals that one dimension of the novella consists in a literary intervention into debates about public health.
FOMSy: 3D-printed flexible open-source microfluidic system and flow synthesis of PET-tracer
Authors: Menzel Florian , Cotton Jonathan , Klein Thomas , Maurer Andreas , Ziegler Thomas , Neumaier Jochen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a low-cost open-source flow system that includes a dual syringe pump with implemented pressure sensor and back pressure regulator. The entire system can be built for around 500 €. Commercially available flow systems can be very expensive with equipment starting at, but often greatly exceeding, 10,000 €. This high price of entry makes such technology prohibitively expensive for many research groups. Such systems stand to benefit the emerging academic pharmaceutical field by providing the experience and availability of reliable and affordable solutions. To implement accessible flow chemistry at research facilities, the systems must be made affordable. In addition, space in research laboratories is usually limited and commercially available flow systems can be very bulky. Having a compact and individually adjustable system is thus beneficial, with 3D printing technology offering the solution. Our compact 3D-printed system meets the needs of many applications in flow chemistry research as well as educational requirements for universities. As a proof of concept, we conceptualized, developed, and tested a custom flow system that can be used to synthesize [18F]2-fluoro-2-desoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG), the most commonly used PET-tracer. This system was designed to perform the typical functions and operations required in radiotracer production i.e. radiofluorination, dilution, SPE-trapping, deprotection, and SPE-elution. With this proof-of-concept in hand, the system can be easily customized to produce other radiopharmaceuticals.
Graphical Abstract
Relationship, importance, and development of analytical techniques: COD, BOD, and, TOC in water—An overview through time
Authors: Aguilar-Torrejón Jazmín Alhelí , Balderas-Hernández Patricia , Roa-Morales Gabriela , Barrera-Díaz Carlos Eduardo , Rodríguez-Torres Israel , Torres-Blancas Teresa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnalytical techniques to measure organic matter in water, such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) are widely used. Modifications have been proposed to make them faster, more sensitive, and more environmentally friendly. The purpose of producing a review over some time is to show the changes made on the standardized methods of each of these techniques, and to highlight the relationship between them in the process of ascertaining organic matter in water. Modifications to techniques COD and BOD entail several factors that need to be considered, namely: time, miniaturization, sensitivity, use of environmentally friendly reagents. Changes to TOC are focused on detection systems. Despite the advantages obtained by the modified techniques, traditional methods continue to be widely used, in most cases due to the lack of standardization of the new methods.
Graphic Abstract
Fresh and hardened properties of waste rubber tires based concrete: a state art of review
Authors: Sheraz Muhammad , Yuan Qiang , Alam Muhammad , Javed Muhammad Faisal , Rehman Muhammad Faisal , Mohamed Abdullah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOwing to great environmental benefits, end-of-life waste tires are often used in concrete as a partial replacement for aggregates. However, the use of waste tires in concrete deteriorates fundamental properties. For a better knowledge of the various characteristics of concrete with waste tires and to highlight ways to improve them, this study was conducted. For this purpose, the effect of waste tires on fresh properties such as workability, air content, and unit weight was reviewed. Moreover, the influence of waste tires on mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity was discussed in detail. The durability characteristics such as water absorption and porosity, freeze–thaw, corrosion, chloride ion penetration, and carbonation resistance were critically evaluated. The application of waste tires for concrete used in roadside barriers was also reviewed and impact resistance, energy absorption, toughness, and ductility were summarized. Results indicate the slump of concrete increased with the substitution of rubber but decreased strength properties. Although the strength properties of rubber concrete are less but can be used for low-strength concrete. Furthermore, rubber particles are more elastic, flexible, less stiff, and deformable as compared to natural aggregates. Therefore, rubberized concrete is more suitable for roadside barriers. This review is expected to advance the fundamental knowledge of concrete with end-of-life tires and promote the recycling of end-of-life tires in the concrete industry.