bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aortic carboxypeptidase‐like protein, a putative myokine, stimulates the differentiation and survival of bone‐forming osteoblasts
Authors: Kim Hanjun , Kim Min Ji , Moon Sung Ah , Cho Han Jin , Lee Young‐Sun , Park So Jeong , Kim Yewon , Baek In‐Jeoung , Kim Beom‐Jun , Lee Seung Hun , Koh Jung‐Min 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new target that stimulates bone formation is needed to overcome limitations of current anti‐osteoporotic drugs. Myokines, factors secreted from muscles, may modulate it. In this study, we investigated the role of aortic carboxypeptidase‐like protein (ACLP), which is highly expressed in skeletal muscles, on bone formation. MC3T3‐E1 cells and/or calvaria osteoblasts were treated with recombinant N‐terminal mouse ACLP containing a signal peptide [rmACLP (N)]. The expression and secretion of ACLP were higher in skeletal muscle and differentiated myotube than in other tissues and undifferentiated myoblasts, respectively. rmACLP (N) increased bone formation, ALP activity, and phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase in osteoblasts; reversal was achieved by pre‐treatment with a TGF‐β receptor inhibitor. Under H2O2 treatment, rmACLP (N) increased osteoblast survival, phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase, and the nuclear translocation of FoxO3a in osteoblasts. H2O2 treatment caused rmACLP (N) to suppress its apoptotic, oxidative, and caspase‐9 activities. rmACLP (N)‐stimulated osteoblast survival was reversed by pre‐treatment with a p38 inhibitor, a TGF‐β‐receptor II blocking antibody, and a FoxO3a shRNA. Conditioned media (CM) from muscle cells stimulated osteoblast survival under H2O2 treatment, in contrast to CM from ACLP knockdown muscle cells. rmACLP (N) increased the expressions of FoxO3a target anti‐oxidant genes such as Sod2, Trx2, and Prx5. In conclusion, ACLP stimulated the differentiation and survival of osteoblasts. This led to the stimulation of bone formation by the activation of p38 MAP kinase and/or FoxO3a via TGF‐β receptors. These findings suggest a novel role for ACLP in bone metabolism as a putative myokine.
GPCRs and fibroblast heterogeneity in fibroblast‐associated diseases
Authors: Dwivedi Nidhi V. , Datta Souvik , El‐Kersh Karim , Sadikot Ruxana T. , Ganti Apar K. , Batra Surinder K. , Jain Maneesh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse class of signaling receptors. GPCRs regulate many functions in the human body and have earned the title of “most targeted receptors”. About one‐third of the commercially available drugs for various diseases target the GPCRs. Fibroblasts lay the architectural skeleton of the body, and play a key role in supporting the growth, maintenance, and repair of almost all tissues by responding to the cellular cues via diverse and intricate GPCR signaling pathways. This review discusses the dynamic architecture of the GPCRs and their intertwined signaling in pathological conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, and cancer as opposed to the GPCR signaling of fibroblasts in physiological conditions. Understanding the dynamics of GPCR signaling in fibroblasts with disease progression can help in the recognition of the complex interplay of different GPCR subtypes in fibroblast‐mediated diseases. This review highlights the importance of designing and adaptation of next‐generation strategies such as GPCR‐omics, focused target identification, polypharmacology, and effective personalized medicine approaches to achieve better therapeutic outcomes for fibrosis and fibrosis associated malignancies.
Evaluation and management of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Steinmetz Whitney Emerson 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common diagnosis that providers encounter in primary and specialty care. IBS is characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The American College of Gastroenterology recently released an updated guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with IBS. According to the guideline, it remains important to confirm diagnosis based on criteria and lack of alarm signs; IBS should not be a diagnosis of exclusion. Management should be focused on addressing altered bowel habits and global symptoms using a multidisciplinary approach.
Opportunistic Use of Computed Tomography to Determine Muscle-Adipose Ratio Reliably Predicts Wound Complications after Kocher-Langenbeck Surgical Exposure of the Acetabulum
Authors: Avilucea Frank R. , Ferreira Rogerio , Shaath M. Kareem , Haidukewych George J. 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
To determine whether muscle-to-adipose ratio (MAR) along the course of a Kocher-Langenbeck (KL) incision is more accurate at predicting post-operative wound complications following acetabuluar fixation than waist-hip ratio (WHR) or body mass index (BMI).

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Level-1 Trauma Center.
Patients/Participants: Patients who sustained an acetabular fracture and had fixation through a KL approach.

Intervention:
The calculation of the MAR.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Presence of a surgical site infection or a wound healing complication.

Results:
193 patients were included in the study and mean follow-up was 17.4 months. Thirty (15.5%) patients developed a wound complication. Seventeen (8.8%) patients developed a superficial infection and thirteen (6.7%) developed a deep infection. Mean BMI for those who developed a wound complication was 35.9. The mean MAR was 0.67 for patients who developed a wound complication versus 0.75 for those who did not. ROC analysis showed an area under curve (AUC) for BMI to be .717 (95% CI, .577-.857, p = .006) and for MAR to be .680 (inverted, 95% CI .507-.854, p = .022). The AUC for WHR was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
MAR is a significant predictor of post-operative wound complication in obese patients undergoing treatment of posterior wall acetabular fractures. The higher rate of wound complications in patients with a low MAR should be considered in the treatment of these patients and may be used to guide discussion regarding the risks of surgery, as well as the potential use of adjuncts to reduce wound healing complications.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Changes in Spinopelvic Parameters Between Standing and Sitting Postures
Authors: Tan Tuan Hao , Tan Jun-Hao , Hey Hwee Weng Dennis 
Published: July 2023

Study Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:
To report the ratio-of-differences between standing and sitting. To understand how sex and age influence these differences.

Summary of Background Data:
Currently, spinal deformity surgery aims to realign the sagittal profile of the spine with-reference-to the standing posture resulting in overcorrection. New studies report significant disparities between standing and sitting spinal alignment.

Methods:
A comprehensive search and review of the published literature was performed on 4 platforms in accordance with the PRISMA 2009 checklist by 2 authors independently.

Results:
From 753 abstracts extracted from the databases, 38 papers involving 5423 patients were identified. sagittal vertical axis was more positive in sitting, with a pooled mean difference of 29.5 mm (95% CI: 17.9–41.0). Pelvic tilt (PT) was larger in sitting, with a pooled mean difference of 16.7 degrees (95% CI: 12.5–20.9), and a pooled odds ratio of 1.2(95% CI:1.1–1.3. P=0.001). Sacral Slope (SS) was smaller and lumbar lordosis (LL) was less lordotic in sitting, with a pooled mean difference of 15.0 degrees (95% CI: 11.918.1) and 21.1 degrees (95% CI:14.5–27.8), respectively, and a pooled odds ratio of 0.7 (95% CI: 0.6–0.8. P<0.001) and 0.7 (95% CI:0.6–0.7, P<0.001), respectively. Pelvic incidence and thoracic kyphosis was similar in sitting. Subgroup meta-analysis comparing odd ratio of standing to sitting showed: Among younger patients (age younger than 50), the PT and LL pooled odds-ratios were 1.4 and 0.7, respectively. Among older patients (age older than or equal to 50), the PT and LL pooled odds-ratios were 1.1 and 0.8, respectively. Among female patients, the SS pooled odds ratio was 0.6. Among male patients, the SS pooled odds ratio was 0.7.

Conclusion:
When comparing sitting to standing, it gives a more positive sagittal vertical axis, a smaller SS and LL, and a larger PT. pelvic incidence and thoracic kyphosis remained similar. Younger and female patients have pronounced differences in SS, PT, and LL, suggesting the existence of age and sex variations, and its role to be considered when planning for spinal realignment surgeries. Clinical outcome studies are required to ascertain the impact of these findings.
Treatment of Cancer Pain
Authors: Rosenscheg Marcelen , Pedron Julia , Pedroso Lorena 
Published: July 2023

Contextualization:
One of the biggest problems regarding the treatment of cancer patients is pain, whether due to the cancer or the treatment itself. Therefore, there is a search for treatments that aims to promote an effective treatment in this sense.

Purpose:
This article aims to verify which are the recent methods used to treat pain in cancer patients in a multidisciplinary sense, and to evaluate their effectiveness.

Methodology:
Systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials utilizing the LILACS, NCBI, and MEDLINE platforms of the last 5 years were included. The descriptors were pain treatment in oncology, pain management, complementary therapies, and other synonyms, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. This included any technique that was effective in the treatment of cancer pain.

Results:
The initial search found 2246 articles, of which 22 were included in the systematic review. Most of these are acupuncture treatments, opioids versus anti-inflammatories versus analgesics, radiotherapy, behavioral therapies, among others. Most articles suggest benefits with these therapies, improved quality of life for patients and tolerable side effects.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the current methods used in the treatment of pain in cancer patients so that professionals in the area can have more options for treating cancer pain. Despite the important limitations, the guideline for further research and the situations in which treatments have shown effectiveness are present in it.
Impact of an advanced image based monoenergetic reconstruction algorithm on coronary artery stent visualization by dual source dual energy computed tomography: A primary study
Authors: Xie Lixiang , Yang Xiaoying , Xu Zhihan , Liu Zhongxiao , Wang Hao , Li Ke , Zhao Mingming , Meng Yankai , Hu Chunfeng , Xu Kai 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate the qualities of advanced image based virtual monoenergetic (Mono+) images using a noise optimized algorithm at different kiloelectron volts (keV) compared with linear blended 120 kilovoltage (kV) images in patients with coronary stents.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty two patients who had undergone coronary computed tomography angiography were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Linear blended 120 kV image and 16 Mono+ images were reconstructed. Quantitative assessments included luminal attenuation difference, in stent image noise, in stent signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Double blinded and independent qualitative evaluation of image quality was performed by two readers using a five point scale.

Results:
The luminal attenuation difference value in the 190 keV group was the lowest. The in stent image noise in the 190 keV group was the lowest, in comparison with that in the 90–180 keV groups; however, it showed no significant difference. The 40 keV group had the highest in stent SNR, and there were no differences between the 40 keV group and the 50–100 keV groups. The 60 keV group had the highest in stent CNR, although no significant difference was found between the 60 keV group and the 40–120 keV groups. The highest subjective score was observed in the 80 keV group, with significant differences from the other groups (P < 0.05), except for the 90 keV group.

Conclusion:
In comparison with computed tomography image with conventional reconstruction, Mono+ reconstructions at 90 keV can significantly reduce the in stent noise and provide better image quality of coronary stents.
Hepatocytes reprogram liver macrophages involving control of TGF-β activation, influencing liver regeneration and injury
Authors: Wolf Stephanie D. , Ehlting Christian , Müller-Dott Sophia , Poschmann Gereon , Petzsch Patrick , Lautwein Tobias , Wang Sai , Helm Barbara , Schilling Marcel , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Vucur Mihael , Stühler Kai , Köhrer Karl , Tacke Frank , Dooley Steven , Klingmüller Ursula , Luedde Tom , Bode Johannes G. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Macrophages play an important role in maintaining liver homeostasis and regeneration. However, it is not clear to what extent the different macrophage populations of the liver differ in terms of their activation state and which other liver cell populations may play a role in regulating the same.

Methods:
Reverse transcription PCR, flow cytometry, transcriptome, proteome, secretome, single cell analysis, and immunohistochemical methods were used to study changes in gene expression as well as the activation state of macrophages in vitro and in vivo under homeostatic conditions and after partial hepatectomy.

Results:
We show that F4/80+/CD11bhi/CD14hi macrophages of the liver are recruited in a C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR2)–dependent manner and exhibit an activation state that differs substantially from that of the other liver macrophage populations, which can be distinguished on the basis of CD11b and CD14 expressions. Thereby, primary hepatocytes are capable of creating an environment in vitro that elicits the same specific activation state in bone marrow–derived macrophages as observed in F4/80+/CD11bhi/CD14hi liver macrophages in vivo. Subsequent analyses, including studies in mice with a myeloid cell–specific deletion of the TGF-β type II receptor, suggest that the availability of activated TGF-β and its downregulation by a hepatocyte-conditioned milieu are critical. Reduction of TGF-βRII-mediated signal transduction in myeloid cells leads to upregulation of IL-6, IL-10, and SIGLEC1 expression, a hallmark of the activation state of F4/80+/CD11bhi/CD14hi macrophages, and enhances liver regeneration.

Conclusions:
The availability of activated TGF-β determines the activation state of specific macrophage populations in the liver, and the observed rapid transient activation of TGF-β may represent an important regulatory mechanism in the early phase of liver regeneration in this context.
Clinical Features of Sjögren Syndrome–Related Dry Eye Disease in Anterior Segment Photographs
Authors: Shimizu Eisuke , Sato Shinri , Asai Kazuki , Ogawa Yoko , Shimmura Shigeto , Negishi Kazuno 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
Dry eye disease (DED) is a major complication of autoimmune disorders, including Sjögren syndrome (SS), ocular graft-versus-host disease, and other rheumatic diseases. DED often affects patients’ quality of life, necessitating early detection and treatment. However, no simple screening method for DED has yet been established in ophthalmologic practice. This retrospective study aimed to identify the characteristic features of SS-related DED from anterior segment images.

Methods:
Five hundred two cases (SS, 68 cases; ocular graft-versus-host disease, 50 cases; other conditions, 27 cases; simple DED, 72 cases; and no DED, 97 cases) were enrolled.

Results:
The inferior corneal fluorescein staining score (CFS_I) was significantly higher in the SS group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the nasal lissamine green staining score (LG_N) was high in the SS group (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for the CFS_I plus LG_N in relation to the SS-positive and SS-negative statuses; the sensitivity and specificity were 80.6% and 91.1%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.926.

Conclusions:
A positive CFS_I combined with a positive LG_N correlates with a high risk for SS. A positive CFS_I and a positive LG_N are important signs for an immune-related DED, especially SS, and may be useful in the early detection of SS-related DED.
COVID-19–Related Insomnia Populations Research and Management Strategies: A Review
Authors: Liu Fei-Xiang , Dong Zi-Bei , Zhao Min , Gao Ya-Hui , Li Xiang , Jiang Ya-Nan , Li Yi-Ming , Zheng Yu-Xin , Wang Zhen , Feng Yan-Chen , Liu Ya-Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the quality of sleep for various populations, causing anxiety and depression worldwide. COVID-19–related insomnia (COVIDRI) appears to be more common in certain populations, including females, urban residents and other individuals who reside in high-risk COVID-19–related areas, lack higher socioeconomic and educational levels, have a history of underlying mental illness, have no access to social support and work, or have been mandated for isolation. Among vulnerable populations, pregnant women, adolescents and children are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression, which leads to irregular sleep-wake cycles and significantly poor sleep quality. Insomnia in COVID-19 patients is associated with decreased immune levels, excessive psychological stress and severe anxiety. The COVIDRI incidence and severity among frontline healthcare workers is high, especially among females and those working in isolation wards and intensive care units. The factors related to COVIDRI for college students during home study are stress from upcoming graduation, disharmonious family relationships and inadaptability to online education. For military personnel, anxiety and depression are the main causes of poor sleep quality. Based on the characteristics of different populations, active Chinese and Western medications, non-drug therapy, psychological counseling and suitable sleep management are vital measures to strengthen immunity, alleviate insomnia and limit recurrence.
TAK1 Deficiency in Macrophages Increases Host Susceptibility to Leishmania Infection
Authors: Cao Xiankai , Kokou Kossiwa C. , Yu Shi , Chen Mengdan , Niu Junling , Lecoeur Hervé , Prina Eric , Späth Gerald F. , Meng Guangxun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Leishmania parasites mainly infect macrophages and may cause severe immunopathologies in their host, which are called leishmaniases. In the current work, we infected human and mouse macrophages in vitro with Leishmania major, an etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and found that inhibition or deletion of the transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1) gene resulted in increased parasite loads. In vivo, following a challenge with L. major, mice with a macrophage-specific deletion of TAK1 showed increased clinical signs and higher parasite loads compared with wild-type controls. TAK1 deficiency in mouse macrophages led to biased Th2 cell responses during the acute stage of infection, characterized by a decrease in interferon-γ expression, and increased expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. Finally, we found that, in the late stage of L. major infection, excessive Th2-related cytokines led to high arginase 1 expression in mouse tissues and a significant reduction of NO production both locally and systemically, resulting in compromised control of Leishmania. These findings suggest that TAK1 plays a vital role in host resistance to Leishmania infection.
Qualitative Assessment of Perceived Organizational Support for Employed Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Dugan Alicia G. , Decker Ragan E. , Austin Hannah L. , Namazi Sara , Bellizzi Keith M. , Blank Thomas O. , Shaw William S. , Swede Helen , Cherniack Martin G. , Tannenbaum Susan H. , Cavallari Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
A more detailed understanding of unmet organizational support needs and workplace-based best practices for supporting cancer survivors is needed.

Methods
Ninety-four working breast cancer survivors responded to an open-ended survey question regarding the desired types of organizational support that were and were not received during early survivorship. We performed content-analysis of qualitative data.

Results
Major themes included instrumental support, emotional support, and time-based support. The need for flexible arrangements and reduced workloads was mostly met. Unmet needs included navigation/coordination, understanding/empathy, and time off for treatment and recovery.

Conclusions
Organizational support can help cancer survivors manage their health and work roles, diminishing work-health conflict and turnover intent. Study findings can be used to design targeted interventions to fulfill cancer survivors’ unmet organizational support needs, which may also apply to workers with other chronic health conditions.
Predictors of nonunion for transverse femoral shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing: a SIGN database study
Authors: Jones Brett , Cohoe Blake , Brown Kelsey , Flores Michael , Peurrung Kevin , Smith Terry , Shearer David , Zirkle Lewis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Nonunion is a common postfracture complication resulting in decreased quality of life for patients in resource-limited settings. This study aims to determine how age, sex, injury mechanism, and surgical intervention affect the rate of nonunion in transverse femur fractures treated with a SIGN intramedullary nail (IMN).

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted using the SIGN online surgical database. All patients older than 16 years with simple transverse (<30 degrees), open or closed, femur fractures treated using a SIGN IMN between 2007 and 2021 were included. Our primary outcome of nonunion was measured with the modified Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial fractures (mRUST); scores ≤9 of 16 defined nonunion. The secondary outcome was squat depth. Outcomes were evaluated at follow-up appointments between 240 and 365 days postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used for statistical comparison.

Results:
Inclusion criteria were met for 182 patients. The overall radiographic union rate was 61.0%, and a high proportion (84.4%) of patients could squat with their hips at or below the level of their knees. Older age, retrograde approach, and fracture distraction were associated with nonunion, but sex, injury mechanism, and other surgical variables were not.

Conclusion:
Poor reduction with fracture distraction was associated with a higher rate of nonunion. Loss of follow-up may have contributed to our overall union rate; however, we observed high rates of functional healing using the SIGN IMN.

Level of evidence:
IV.