bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Tuning the Hydrophobicity in ABA‐Type Amphiphilic Polythiourethane on the Dye Loading and Stability of Formed Polymersomes Using Pendant Aromatic Groups
Authors: Saha Supriyo , Ramesh Aparna , Samanta Trisha , Roy Raj Kumar , Biswas Susmita , Begum Naznin Ara , Ghosh Goutam , Dey Pradip 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolymersomes are polymeric vesicles composed of amphiphilic block copolymers with a hydrophilic inner lumen and a hydrophobic membrane, capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic payloads, and hydrophobic payloads. The one‐pot synthesis and self‐assembly of polyethylene‐glycol‐based amphiphilic polythiourethanes consisting of a pendant methyl or aromatic ester are reported here. During the ring opening of cyclodithiocarbonate using ethylene diamine or hexyl diamine, generated thiols are utilized to modify the backbone with methyl, benzyl, and diphenyl esters. The aromatic pendant containing P3 and P4 has higher hydrophobic dye loading than the other methyl ester containing polymers P1 and P2. All the polymers have hydrodynamic diameters in the range of 40–98 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that all the polymers are able to form spherical aggregates with diameters of 38.1 ± 7.7 and 85.1 ± 27.4 nm. Among them, aromatic side‐chain‐containing polymers have 42% and 57% calcein encapsulation efficiency, whereas methyl‐ester‐containing polymers have 70% and 60% efficiency. The polymers with longer spacers (P2–P4) and aromatic groups (P3 and P4) have shown better stability and slow dye exchange over 48 h compared to the polymer with an aliphatic side chain and a shorter spacer probed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) study.
Short Aromatic Blocks Enhance Styrene Conversion in Polymer Cubosome Formation via Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Sun Yalan , Zhao Yongbin , Chen Aihua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolymer cubosomes (PCs) have garnered significant interest in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology due to their unique properties and potential applications. However, the fabrication of PCs remains challenging. Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) is recognized as an efficient method for producing a variety of polymer particles, including PCs. Despite the advantages of PISA, the conversion of styrene (St), a core‐forming monomer commonly used in PC preparation, is relatively low. Herein, a novel strategy is introduced to enhance the St conversion in PC preparation via PISA by incorporating a short azobenzene‐containing block (PMAAz) into the hydrophilic macro‐chain transfer agent (macro‐CTA). Utilizing PMAAz‐tailed poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate), the St conversion is successfully improved from an initial 12.9–13.8% to an enhanced range of 19.1–26.9%. This enhancement in conversion allows for a reduced feeding ratio of St to macro‐CTA in the preparation of PCs. Further studies into various blocks consisting of different hydrophobic monomers reveal that the aromatic interactions, derived from these short blocks, are crucial for increasing monomer conversion and facilitating PC formation. This study offers a direct and convenient approach to obtaining PCs with diversified functional groups efficiently, thereby significantly broadening the potential application of these materials.
Downregulation of SLC7A11 by Bis(4‐Hydroxy‐3,5‐Dimethylphenyl) Sulfone Induces Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell
Authors: Zou Liyi , Zhang Taomin , Yang Cui , Liu Weijing , Fahira Aamir , Yang Dongli , Zheng Biao , Yao Xiaojun , Liu Yi , Huang Zunnan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe progression of tumors has been demonstrated to have a strong correlation with ferroptosis. Bis(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl) sulfone (TMBPS) has been shown to effectively inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) was employed to explore whether the death of HCC cells caused by TMBPS is related to ferroptosis. The intracellular lipid peroxides, Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH/GSSG, mitochondrial morphology, and potential of HCC cells were detected after TMBPS treatment. The target of TMBPS was predicted by the molecular docking approach and verified via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blot, and cellular heat transfer assay (CETSA). Our results revealed that Fer‐1 effectively reversed the cell death induced by TMBPS in HCC cells. Treatment with TMBPS induced typical ferroptosis features, including increased levels of intracellular lipid peroxides, Fe2+, and MDA, along with a decreased GSSH/GSH ratio and mitochondrial potential. These effects were reversed by overexpressing SLC7A11. These findings suggest that the cell death triggered by TMBPS in HCC cells is linked to ferroptosis, potentially mediated through the inhibition of SLC7A11 expression.
Wideband Nonmagnetic Circulator Based on Spatiotemporally Modulated Resonators Designed With Coupled Microstrip Lines
Authors: Yang Chao , Chang Yumei , Cao Yan , Wang Qinghua , Xu Xiaomei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA wideband spatiotemporally modulated nonmagnetic circulator composed of three time‐varying resonators in Y‐topology is presented in this paper. The triple resonators are designed with coupled microstrip lines and connected to a central node. By applying a time‐modulated signal with a 120° progressive phase shift to the resonators, the angular momentum bias is applied to the structure, thereby achieving the circulator response. To enhance the bandwidth, a step impedance resonator is added to the end of each coupled microstrip line resonator, and therefore achieves broad isolation band for the circulator. As validation, a wideband nonmagnetic circulator with a center frequency of 1.0 GHz was designed, fabricated and measured. The measurement results agree well with the simulations, which the 20‐dB isolation bandwidth is 53 MHz, while the maximum in‐band isolation can achieve 34 dB, and the insertion loss is 1.9 dB.
A critical distance parameter for random vibration fatigue life estimation of notched metallic structures in the frequency domain
Authors: Gao Daiyang , Huang Yuming , Liao Wenhe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA critical distance parameter is introduced to describe the stress gradient effect of notched metallic structures under random vibration loadings, which is the frequency domain expression of the theory of critical distance (TCD) based line method stress. Fatigue life estimation on notched metallic structures could be carried out by combining this parameter with the spectral method for random vibration fatigue life analysis. The fatigue experiment under random vibration loadings is conducted on two types of notched plate specimens of 7075‐T6 aviation‐grade aluminum alloy, where both circumstances of large and small stress gradients in the notch region are investigated. Good correlation between the calculated results given by the proposed model and the experimental fatigue life results shows the satisfactory prediction capability on random vibration fatigue life for notch conditions of both steep and mild stress distribution variations.
The Impact of “Close Margins” in HPV‐Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with TORS
Authors: Calcano Gabriela A. , Rourk Katelyn S. , Routman David M. , O'Byrne Jamie J. , Chintakuntlawar Ashish V. , Garcia Joaquin J. , Price Daniel L. , Tasche Kendall K. , Moore Eric J. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Yin Linda X. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveMargin distance is a significant prognosticator in oral cavity cancer but its role in HPV‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma [HPV(+)OPSCC] remains unclear. Here, we investigate the impact of margin distance on locoregional recurrence in HPV(+)OPSCC.Study DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study of surgically treated HPV(+)OPSCC patients. Patients received either standard of care (at least 60 Gy with or without cisplatin) or de‐escalated adjuvant therapy (30‐36 Gy with concurrent docetaxel). Margin distance was measured in mm from the primary specimen or in combination with separately submitted margins. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis with univariate and multivariable Cox regressions were conducted to determine the impact of margin distance on risk of local and locoregional recurrence.SettingSetting for this is 3 tertiary centers between January 2010 and February 2024.ResultsAmong 1102 included patients, 33 (3.0%) had positive final margins. 374 patients had adequate margin distance data available. Margin distance was >3 mm in 73.4%, 1 to 3 mm in 24.5%, and <1 mm in 2.2% of patients. Positive final margins, pT4 disease, pN2 disease, and surgery alone as a treatment modality (P < .02 for all) was associated with higher risk of 5‐year locoregional recurrence. Margin distance did not significantly impact risk of local or locoregional recurrence even after adjusting for de‐escalated adjuvant therapy (P > .05).ConclusionPositive final margins after TORS without adjuvant radiotherapy for HPV(+)OPSCC carries a high risk of local recurrence. Margin distance does not appear to significantly impact risk of local or locoregional recurrence, even after de‐escalated adjuvant radiotherapy.
Exome Sequencing of Fetuses With Intracranial Hemorrhage Unravels Novel Causative Genes and an Extreme Genetic Heterogeneity
Authors: Coste Thibault , Aloui Chaker , Chanclud Justine , Blondiaux Eléonore , Martinovic Jelena , Attie‐Bitach Tania , Petit Florence , Héron Delphine , de Brevern Alexandre G. , Radjasandirane Ragousandirane , Corpechot Michaelle , Morel Hélène , Petermann Rachel , Leutenegger Anne‐Louise , Tournier‐Lasserve Elisabeth 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetal intracranial hemorrhage (FICH) is a rare and potentially deleterious condition. Fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and pathogenic variations in COL4A1/A2 genes are well‐recognized causes of FICH. However, pathogenic COL4A1/A2 variations are identified in only 20% of fetuses referred for FICH after excluding other known causes, leaving the majority unexplained and making genetic counseling difficult. Our main aim was to identify novel genes associated with FICH.MethodExome sequencing was performed on 113 unrelated fetuses (35 trios, 3 families and 75 probands) after negative COL4A1/A2 testing and exclusion of known risk factors. Exome analysis incorporated several strategies including analyses of de novo and biallelic variants, and a collapsing gene‐based burden test approach.ResultsNine individuals (8%) had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant identified. Additionally, 14 fetuses had a suspicious variant identified in a candidate gene. Causative genes involved platelet production, hemostasis (MPL, MECOM, PROC), endothelial cell adhesion (ESAM), and mitochondrial metabolism (ATP5PO, COQ2, PDHA1). These findings suggest that FICH may result from a broader range of genetic abnormalities beyond previously known COL4A1/A2 gene mutations.ConclusionFICH is characterized by extreme genetic heterogeneity with various pathways involved, underscoring the importance of exome‐wide analyses to fully understand its causes.
Innovative Design‐for‐Recycling for Critical Material‐Free Interconnection of PV Modules
Authors: Perelman Antoine , Barth Vincent , Mandorlo Fabien , Voroshazi Eszter 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBoth metallization material consumption and module recycling are growing concerns in photovoltaic (PV) sector. In order to overcome these challenges, we present a module designed to facilitate recycling with no dispersive material consumption in interconnection while maintaining high module performances. Our approach aims to overcome these limitations by integrating a liquid optical coupling layer and carefully optimized front cover. This new glass‐glass module architecture comprises six elements. First, a solid polymer layer is melt on the intern side of the glass plates in which are embedded the connectors blocks their movements. Second, a transparent liquid layer around the cells maintains an optical index progression all along the light path to the cell surface as well as it separates the polymer layer from sticking to the cell surface. Finally, an edge sealant is melt on the periphery of glass plates to form a mechanical contact between connectors and metallization, and to seal the liquid layer. Optical simulations have been performed to ensure the optical relevance of this structure. A simple thermal model has also been developed to verify the thermal heat dissipation potential of this architecture. Last but not least, proof of concept modules have been fabricated and submitted to accelerated aging tests.
Nearshore Hydrodynamics and Sediment Dispersal Along Eroding Permafrost Coasts—Insights From Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Measurements Around Herschel Island–Qikiqtaruk (Yukon, Canada)
Authors: Gimsa Justus , Fritz Michael , Lantuit Hugues 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPermafrost coasts are eroding at an accelerating pace, delivering vast amounts of sediments, organic matter, nutrients, and pollutants into the Arctic Ocean. These fluxes play a crucial role in the coastal biogeochemical cycle, yet their magnitude, as well as the trajectory and fate of the eroded material, is largely unknown. Direct observations of hydrodynamics in the Arctic nearshore zone are needed to overcome this issue, but these are challenging and scarce. Here, we report on direct current measurements performed in the nearshore zone. We deployed two Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) in 7‐ and 12‐m water depth close to Herschel Island–Qikiqtaruk Yukon, Canada, to measure current velocities and directions throughout the water column. The data show that the currents change on a synoptic scale based on meteo‐oceanographic forcing. During storms, these currents exceed the threshold of bottom sediment remobilization. The mobilization potential in the nearshore zone is therefore primarily related to wind forcing but can be strongly diminished by the presence of sea ice. These observations have implications for the future state of the Arctic nearshore zone, because larger fetches and a longer open water season could enhance sediment mobilization and dispersal.
The development of higher education research topics between 2000 and 2021: Seven patterns from generalist journals
Authors: Oldac Yusuf Ikbal , Olivos Francisco 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigher education research, which was once trying to establish itself, is now accepted as an important research field across societies globally. Specifically, the last decades have seen dramatic developments. This study analysed the development of higher education research in the last two decades using novel natural language processing techniques. The study covered the abstracts of all articles published between 2000 and 2021 in the six generalist journals of higher education research. The findings highlight 15 emergent research topics, some of which have not been highlighted before. The study further analysed these 15 emergent research topics with the covariates of publication year, funding status, collaboration, world region, and journal, and conducted a diversity analysis of abstracts. Based on these analyses, the study argues for seven major patterns in the development of higher education research in the last two decades. The seven patterns highlight social and research issues in higher education, especially related to inequalities about identity and geographical location. The study calls for more inclusiveness in publication practices and overall higher education contexts to further pluralise and enrich higher education research with diverse perspectives.
COAL: Robust Contrastive Learning‐Based Visual Navigation Framework
Authors: Wang Zengmao , Hu Jianhua , Tang Qifei , Gao Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTReal‐world robots will face a wide variety of complex environments when performing navigation or exploration tasks, especially in situations where the robots have never been seen before. Usually, robots need to establish local or global maps and then use path planning algorithms to determine their routes. However, in some environments, such as a wild grassy path or pavement on either side of a road, it is difficult for robots to plan routes through navigation maps. To address this, we propose a robust framework for robot navigation using contrastive learning called Contrastive Observation–Action in Latent (COAL) space. To extract features from the action space and observation space, respectively, COAL uses two different encoders. At the training stage, COAL does not require any data annotation and a mask approach is employed to keep features with significant differences away from each other in latent space. Similar to multimodal contrastive learning, we maximize bidirectional mutual information to align the features of observations and action sequences in latent space, which can enhance the generalization of the model. At the deployment stage, robots only need the current image as observation to complete exploration tasks. The most suitable action sequence is selected from the sampled data for generating control signals. We evaluate the robustness of COAL in both simulation and real environments. Only 41 min of unlabeled training data is required to allow COAL to explore environments that have never been seen before, even at night. Compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods, COAL has the strongest robustness and generalization ability. More importantly, the robustness of COAL is further improved by augmenting our training data using other open‐source data sets, which indicates that our framework has great potential to extract deep features of observations and action sequences. Our code and trained models are available at https://github.com/wzm206/COAL.
Sustainable Managers for the Future: Are Italian Universities Aligned With Best Practices?
Authors: Aversano Natalia , Nicoliello Mario 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) underscore the vital role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in equipping future leaders to address sustainability challenges. This study evaluates the extent to which the curricula of Italian public universities align with best practices for training sustainability managers, a pressing need highlighted by the 2023 Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). Despite the introduction of new sustainability‐focused degree programs, our analysis reveals a disconnect between academic offerings and the competencies outlined in the literature and regulatory guidelines. Master's programs generally provide more comprehensive training, while bachelor's programs fall short in preparing students for the multifaceted demands of sustainability management. Although critical skills such as problem‐solving and critical thinking are well‐represented, ethics and values are notably absent from the curricula. Only a small proportion of programs meet the holistic educational standards necessary for effective sustainability management. This research not only identifies significant gaps in sustainability education but also emphasises the potential implications of these findings for the future of sustainability management. It calls for further investigation, including qualitative studies, to assess whether Italian universities are truly preparing future sustainability managers. Expanding the scope to include international comparisons and interdisciplinary approaches should be a focus of future research to provide a broader perspective on sustainability education.
Epitaxy of Emerging Materials and Advanced Heterostructures for Microelectronics and Quantum Sciences
Authors: Lee Yeonjoo , Choi Soo Ho , Kim Hyunseok , Yoo Jinkyoung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEpitaxy, a process to prepare crystalline materials in nanostructures and thin films, is the core technology for preparing high‐quality materials as a key enabler of next‐generation microelectronics and quantum information system. Progress in epitaxy has been expanding the choice of materials and their heterostructures beyond the combinations limited by materials compatibility. However, the improvement of material quality, physical implementation of materials with unique properties, and integration of incommensurate materials in an architecture have been the challenging issues. Emerging materials, including 2D materials and quantum materials, have opened opportunities to study epitaxy mechanisms and realize various functional devices. Acceleration of discovery and progress in epitaxy research should be accomplished by “understanding of epitaxy under various circumstances at multiple length scales” and “integration of experiments and models.” In the perspective, a basic summary of the status of epitaxially grown materials, the challenges in epitaxy research, and integration of modeling epitaxy and ultimate control of the epitaxy process with advanced characterization techniques are discussed.
Exploring the Potential of Tamarindus indica and Caryota mitis Leaf Stalk Fibers for Sustainable Biodegradable Composites
Authors: Sivaraj Vijaya Gurupranes , Nagarajan Bala Murali , Mahalingam Jayaraj , Somasundaram Nachimuthu , Subrananian Ayyappan , Natarajan Shanmugasundram , Kaliyappan Vijayakkannan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs a substitute for synthetic materials, it is difficult for researchers studying natural fiber materials to develop biodegradable composite materials. These natural fiber‐infused polymer composites are environmentally friendly and exhibit excellent mechanical properties. The main objectives of this work were to create and analyze epoxy polymer composites reinforced with Tamarindus indica and Caryota mitis leaf stalk fiber. Five distinct compositions were used in the hand lay‐up procedure to create composite specimens. An evaluation was conducted on the mechanical qualities, including hardness, tensile strength, and impact resistance. To evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the composites, their metallurgical features were investigated using wear, microstructure, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Specimen C, composed of 20% C. mitis, 20% T. indica powder, and 60% epoxy, showed the best tensile strength (69.12 MPa) and the highest hardness (76.37 VHN) of all the compositions examined. The composite exhibited favorable bonding and temperature adaptability, as demonstrated by the microstructure and TGA studies. All things considered, research indicates that these hybrid composites have better particular qualities, which makes them suitable materials for use in automotive and aerospace applications.
A presumed cervical lymphocoele in a crossbreed dog
Authors: Potamopoulou Maria , Guilherme Sergio , Bacon Nick 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe report a case of a caudoventral cervical presumed lymphocoele in a dog, resembling the human condition. A 3‐year‐old, male crossbreed presented with a sudden‐onset subcutaneous swelling in the left caudoventral neck following minor trauma. Initial ultrasound revealed a fluid‐filled cavity, and subsequent computed tomography imaging confirmed a non‐enhancing, fluid‐filled lesion. Cytology indicated lymphatic collection and excluded infection. Conservative management resulted in complete resolution within 4 weeks. This case highlights the importance of recognising lymphocoeles in veterinary practice, understanding their clinical and imaging characteristics, and considering conservative management as a viable treatment option.