bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyether ether ketone coated with nanohydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite promotes bioactivity and antibacterial activity at the surface of the material
Authors: Al‐Noaman Ahmed , Rawlinson Simon C. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyether ether ketone (PEEK) is considered an alternative material for manufacturing dental implants. However, PEEK lacks bioactivity and antibacterial action. In a series of experiments designed to enhance the surface properties of PEEK, we present a nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and graphene oxide (GO) composite as a coating for PEEK‐based dental implants to improve biological properties and antibacterial action. PEEK discs were polished, cleaned, and coated with the composite consisting of nHA particles doped with 0.75 wt% graphene oxide by a micro‐emulsion technique according to patent US8,206,813. X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were utilized to characterize the composite coating. The wettability of the coated and non‐coated samples was assessed by optical contact angle measurement. Antibacterial action of the composite coating was explored against S. aureus and E. coli and cytotoxicity determined utilizing osteoblast‐like cells and gingival fibroblasts. The findings showed that the nHA/GO composite coating, approximately 1.3 μm thick, was homogenous with few micro‐cracks and adhered to the PEEK surface. The surface roughness was reduced to 21.26 nm and the wettability was improved to 54.6⁰ after coating with the composite coating. Antibacterial activity was moderate, killing 99% of S. aureus and E. coli, with acceptable levels of cytotoxicity to mammalian osteoblast‐like cells and gingival fibroblasts.
Clinical factors for tumor response, progression, and survival in nivolumab for advanced renal cell carcinoma in the SNiP‐RCC study
Authors: Blas Leandro , Shiota Masaki , Miyake Hideaki , Takahashi Masayuki , Oya Mototsugu , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Masumori Naoya , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Obara Wataru , Shinohara Nobuo , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Nozawa Masahiro , Ohba Kojiro , Ohyama Chikara , Hashine Katsuyoshi , Akamatsu Shusuke , Kamba Tomomi , Mita Koji , Gotoh Momokazu , Tatarano Shuichi , Fujisawa Masato , Tomita Yoshihiko , Mukai Shoichiro , Ito Keiichi , Tanegashima Tokiyoshi , Tokunaga Shoji , Eto Masatoshi ,   SNiP‐RCC Investigators
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThis study is part of the SNPs in Nivolumab PD‐1 inhibitor for RCC (SNiP‐RCC). Here we aimed to reveal clinical factors for tumor response, progression, and survival in nivolumab for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Japanese patients.MethodsWe included patients from 23 institutions in Japan. We evaluated the objective response, radiographic progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment‐related grade ≥ 3 (serious adverse events [SAEs]).ResultsWe included 222 patients. The median age was 69 years (interquartile range 62–74 years), and 71% of the patients were male. Pancreas metastasis, lung metastases, prior cytokine therapy, and SAEs, were associated with objective response. The median PFS was 18 months. Liver metastases (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61), age ≥ 75 (HR, 0.48), previous resection of primary sites (HR, 0.47), and SAEs (HR, 0.47) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Karnofsky Performance Status <70 (HR, 2.90), high platelets (HR, 4.48), previous resection of primary sites (HR, 0.23), and pathological grade (HR, 0.19 for grade 2 and HR, 0.12 for grade 3) were independent prognostic factors for OS. SAEs were reported in 45 (20.3%) cases. In the group of patients with prior nephrectomy, SAEs were associated with objective response, PFS, and OS.ConclusionThe SNiP‐RCC study identified clinical parameters correlated with treatment outcomes in Japanese patients with priorly treated advanced clear cell RCC undergoing nivolumab monotherapy.
Predilection sites of pyoderma gangrenosum: Retrospective study of 170 clearly diagnosed patients
Authors: Moelleken Maurice , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia , Ronicke Moritz , Busch Dorothee , Hübner Ursula Hertha , Hüsers Jens , Przysucha Mareike , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a non‐infectious, neutrophilic dermatosis that was difficult to diagnose in clinical practice. Today, the PARACELSUS score is a validated tool for diagnostics. Based on this score, patients with clearly diagnosed PG were examined with regard to predilection sites. In this retrospective study, the data of patients from the University Hospitals of Essen and Erlangen were analysed in whom the diagnosis of PG could be clearly confirmed using the PARACELSUS score. A total of 170 patients, 49 men (29%) and 121 women (71%) with an average age at first manifestation of 55.5 years, could be included in the analysis. The predilection sites were identified as the lower legs in 80.6% of the patients and the extensor sides in 75.2%. Other localisations of PG were the thighs in 14.1%, mammae and abdomen in 10.0% each, back and gluteal in 7.1% each, feet in 5.9%, arms in 4.7%, genital in 3.5% and head in 2.9%. This retrospective study is the first to identify a collective of PG patients with the highest data quality using the PARACELSUS score. It could be shown that PG can basically occur on the entire integument. However, the predilection sites of PG, which have now been reliably identified for the first time, are the lower legs and in particular the extensor sides.
Fabrication of functional zirconia surfaces using a two‐beam interference setup employing a picosecond laser system with 532‐nm wavelength: Morphology, microstructure, and wettability
Authors: Henriques Bruno , Fabris Douglas , Voisiat Bogdan , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Lasagni Andrés Fabián 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of the fabrication of microtextures in zirconia using the direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) technique. A green ultra‐short pulsed laser (532 nm, 10 ps) with a two‐beam interference setup was used to produce line‐like structures with a spatial period of 3 µm. For a fixed set of fluence and pulse‐to‐pulse overlap values (6.2 J/cm2, 81%), periodic structures were successfully created for different hatch distances. The average depth of the features ranged from 0.37 µm for a hatch distance of 14.4 µm up to 0.84 µm for a hatch distance of 12.4 µm. However, a further decrease in hatch distance did not result in an increase in depth since the region of the ridges is also ablated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed pores formation on the laser grooves, but no sign of micro‐cracking could be observed. Wettability tests showed an increase in hydrophobicity after DLIP. These results bring exciting perspectives on the fabrication of micro‐textures with DLIP on zirconia surface.
Work‐related stress, stress reactions and coping strategies in ambulance nurses: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Glawing Carina , Karlsson Ingela , Kylin Camilla , Nilsson Jan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo describe experiences of work‐related stress, stress reactions and coping strategies among registered nurses (RNs) in the ambulance service (AS).DesignA descriptive and qualitative design.MethodsParticipants were recruited from eight different ambulance stations from different geographical locations in central Sweden. Data were collected from 14 RNs during the period from January 2022 to May 2022 using a semi‐structured interview guide. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data using an abductive approach.ResultsThree categories describe the RNs' experiences; (1) Situations that cause work‐related stress, (2) Reactions and feelings that occur and (3) Management of work‐related stress. These three main categories included a total of 12 subcategories. Work‐related stress was experienced when participants were a part of traumatic events or experienced insufficient cooperation or a disturbing event in the work environment. The different causes lead to different kinds of reactions with feelings of frustration, fear and loneliness being prominent. To manage the work‐related stress, RNs used different kinds of strategies and support from colleagues or lack thereof seemed to have a major impact.ConclusionsFindings revealed the importance of having competent colleagues in the AS. Working with a competent colleague can reduce experiences of stress and prevent feelings of loneliness. It is important for the AS to provide stress‐reduction support, to promote cooperation and to maintain and develop RNs' professional competence to ensure quality care and patient safety in the AS.
Hairy cell leukaemia with unusual BRAF mutations
Authors: Maitre Elsa , Macro Margaret , Troussard Xavier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHairy cell leukaemia (HCL) diagnosis is based on the morphologic detection of circulating abnormal hairy cells in the peripheral blood and/or bone marrow, an HCL immunological score of 3 or 4 based on the expression of the CD11c, CD25, CD103 and CD123 and also the presence of a BRAF V600E activating mutation in the B‐raf proto‐oncogene (BRAF gene) (7q34). When using new generation sequencing of 21 targeted genes in 124 HCL patients, we identified a cohort of 6/124 (2%) patients with unusual BRAF mutations: two patients presented non‐V600 mutations (BRAF F595L, BRAF W604L respectively) and four other patients silent BRAF mutations. When using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) three of the four patients with concomitant BRAF V600E and silent mutation were negative. The respective role of these mutations in the occurrence of HCL or its progression remains to be clarified, but BRAF sequencing is necessary in case of negative BRAF V600E by ddPCR.
Association between HPV infection and penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Guimaraes Maria Jose , Macieira R. , Azevedo F. , Lisboa C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPenile cancer is rising in most European countries. Several risk factors have been identified, namely human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, the exact role of HPV in penile cancer carcinogenesis is still unknown. Clarifying the contribution of HPV in penile cancer is crucial as it may improve prevention and treatment strategies.ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of patients with penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), evaluate the prevalence of HPV‐DNA in tumour tissue and identify differences between patients with and without HPV‐DNA.MethodsA retrospective observational study including patients with histological diagnosis of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or PeIN between 2012 and 2021 in a university hospital was carried out. HPV analysis was performed using Anyplex™ II HPV28 Detection that detects and identifies 28 HPV types. (sensitivity of 95.9%).ResultsA total of 25 patients were included. Most of the tumours identified were invasive SCC (n = 11) and SCC in situ (PeIN 3) (n = 8). PeIN1/2 was found in the remaining six patients. HPV‐DNA was tested in all tissue specimens and was detected in 18 of them. High risk HPV DNA was identified in all positive HPV samples, except one. HPV types included in the nonavalent HPV vaccine were identified in 16 of the 18 samples positive for HPV‐DNA. Stratifying patients according to HPV‐DNA detection, we found that patients with HPV‐DNA were younger (57.5 years vs. 70 years, p = 0.047), less likely to have phimosis (5.8% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.022) and more likely to have PeIN lesions than invasive SCC (85.7% vs. 27.8%, p = 0.025).ConclusionThis study shows a prevalence of HPV‐DNA in penile SCC and premalignant lesions of 45.5% and 92.9%, respectively. Identifying HPV involvement in SCC and PeIN pathology has the potential to guide treatment and enhance follow‐up strategies.
An investigation into the factor structure of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Hunt R. , Dagnan D. , Muncer S. , Copping L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS‐LD) is one of the most used outcome measures in learning disability services in the United Kingdom. There is relatively little known of the psychometric properties of the scales.MethodA data set of HoNOS‐LD scales from 571 people with learning disabilities was randomly split into two halves. Exploratory Mokken analysis was applied to the first dataset, and confirmatory scale factor analysis was applied to the second dataset to test the fit of scale structures.ResultsTwo‐factor and three‐factor solutions were explored in the Mokken analysis, with the three‐factor option having somewhat better characteristics. One‐factor, three‐factor and seven‐factor solutions were explored using confirmatory factor analysis; a three‐factor solution with items 8, 16, 17 and 18 used separately offers the best characteristics.ConclusionsThe HoNOS‐LD is best conceptualised as consisting of three scales, accounting for 14 items that can be labelled as ‘Cognitive and Physical Functioning’, ‘Behaviour and Mood Disturbances’ and ‘Functional Difficulties’.
Brief report: the prevalence of smoking and vaping among adolescents with/without intellectual disability in the UK
Authors: Emerson E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated the prevalence of smoking among young people with/without intellectual disability. To date, no study has investigated the prevalence of vaping among young people with/without intellectual disability.MethodsSecondary analysis of data collected on 11 726 adolescents at age 14 years (2015) and from 9528 adolescents at age 17 years (2018) in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study.ResultsThe prevalence of smoking at ages 14 and 17 and of vaping at age 14 was similar among adolescents with and without intellectual disability. There was some evidence to suggest that at age 17, the prevalence of more frequent vaping was higher among girls with intellectual disability than among their female peers (5.2% vs. 1.6%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsFurther large‐scale population‐based research is required to determine the prevalence of smoking and vaping among people with intellectual disability. Evidence that at age 17, the prevalence of vaping was higher among girls with potential intellectual disability than among their female peers also warrants further investigation given the increasing evidence on the potential harm to health and well‐being associated with vaping.
Perturbations in neural stem cell function during a neurotropic viral infection in juvenile mice
Authors: Kamte Yashika S. , Chandwani Manisha N. , London Natalie M. , Potosnak Chloe E. , Leak Rehana K. , O'Donnell Lauren A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractViral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) often cause worse neurological outcomes in younger hosts. Throughout childhood, the brain undergoes extensive development and refinement to produce functional neural networks. Network function is maintained partly with the help of neural stem cells (NSCs) that replace neuronal and glia subtypes in the two neurogenic niches of the brain (the hippocampus and subventricular zone). Accumulating evidence suggests that viruses disrupt NSC function in adulthood and infancy, but the in vivo impact of childhood infections on acute and long‐term NSC function is unknown. Using a juvenile mouse model of measles virus (MeV) infection, where only mature neurons in the brain are infected, we defined the effects of the antiviral immune response on NSCs from juvenile to adult stages of life. We found that (a) virus persists in the brains of survivors despite an anti‐viral immune response; (b) NSC numbers decrease dramatically during early infection, but ultimately stabilize in adult survivors; (c) infection is associated with mild apoptosis throughout the juvenile brain, but NSC proliferation is unchanged; (d) the loss of NSC numbers is dependent upon the stage of NSC differentiation; and (e) immature neurons increase early during infection, concurrent with depletion of NSC pools. Collectively, we show that NSCs are exquisitely sensitive to the inflammatory microenvironment created during neuron‐restricted MeV infection in juveniles, responding with an early loss of NSCs but increased neurogenesis. These studies provide insight into potential cellular mechanisms associated with long‐term neurological deficits in survivors of childhood CNS infections.image
The ability of the eighth edition of the TNM staging system plus minor invasion criteria to predict the biological behaviour of oral cavity carcinomas
Authors: Perlangeli Giuseppe , Lilloni Giovanni , Salti Giulia , Ferri Andrea , Ferrari Silvano , Poli Tito 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment is based largely on the TNM stage. The eighth edition includes important new prognostic parameters (extranodal extension and depth of invasion), while it does not consider tumour molecular characteristics or minor invasion criteria (perineural and lymphovascular invasion, grading and resection margins). This study evaluated how well the TNM eighth edition predicts the biological behaviour of OSCC, considering survival and risk of locoregional recurrence.Materials and MethodsData from 217 patients treated for OSCC were analysed, including epidemiologic characteristics, histological features and treatment.ResultsNo significant correlations with overall survival or tumour recurrence were found for pT stages and the type of treatment, while different pN stages had significant differences in recurrence, but not in overall survival. We found significant correlations between overall survival and tumour grade and lymphovascular and perineural invasion and a significant correlation between tumour resection margins and the risk of recurrence.ConclusionsThe current TNM staging system is a necessary but not sufficient tool for predicting the overall survival and risk of recurrence of OSCC. It could be improved by considering other factors, such as minor invasion criteria and biological markers.
Factors Associated with COVID‐19 Vaccine Uptake Among High School Students in a Large, Diverse Metropolitan Area
Authors: Qi Jeffrey Z. , Weller Susan C. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBecause previous studies on adolescent COVID‐19 attitudes focused on intent to get vaccinated, this study examined attitudinal factors and racial/ethnic differences associated with vaccine uptake.METHODSIn a cross‐sectional survey of a metropolitan high school district, students were asked about their COVID‐19 attitudes, information sources, and whether they had been vaccinated. Logistic regression predicted vaccination status and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) controlled for race/ethnicity.RESULTSBeing unvaccinated was associated with themes of distrust with concerns about vaccine newness (aOR: 0.10; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.06‐0.15), side effects (aOR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.15‐0.33), efficacy (aOR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.17‐0.38), distrust of vaccines (aOR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.09‐0.27), government oversight (aOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.13‐0.30), and politicization (aOR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.41‐0.88). Vaccine uptake was influenced by official information sources, school closures, and vaccine availability. The majority of vaccinated and unvaccinated students trusted primary care professionals as a source for COVID‐19 information, but their influence varied across race/ethnic groups.CONCLUSIONSTrust and distrust were the main themes of vaccinated and unvaccinated students, respectively. Incorporating trusted information sources (primary care professionals) in information dissemination efforts may improve vaccine uptake.
REG1A protects retinal photoreceptors from blue light damage
Authors: Xu Ze‐Hua , Zhang Hang , Zhang Chang‐Jun , Yu Si‐Jian , Yuan Jing , Jin Kangxin , Jin Zi‐Bing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the increased use of artificial light and the prolonged use of optoelectronic products, light damage (LD) to the human retina has been identified as a global vision‐threatening problem. While there is evidence of a significant correlation between light‐induced retinal damage and age‐related vision impairment in age‐related macular degeneration, it is unclear how light‐induced retinal degeneration manifests itself and whether there are agents capable of preventing the development of LD in the retina. This study investigated a mechanism by which blue light leads to photoreceptor death. By observing blue light exposure in retinal organoids and photoreceptor cells, we concluded that there could be significant apoptosis of the photoreceptors. We demonstrate that regenerating islet‐derived 1 alpha (REG1A) prevents photoreceptors from undergoing this LD‐induced apoptosis by increasing expression of the anti‐apoptotic gene Bcl2 and downregulating expression of the pro‐apoptotic gene Bax, resulting in reduced mitochondrial damage and improved aerobic capacity in photoreceptor cells. For the first time, REG1A has been shown to restore mitochondrial function and cell apoptosis after LD‐induced damage, suggesting its potential application in the prevention and treatment of retinal vision loss.
Morphological integration in inferior alveolar canal and mandibular shapes
Authors: Alhazmi Daniah M. , Nicholas Christina L. , Vora Siddharth R. , Allareddy Trishul V. , Rengasamy Venugopalan Shankar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveDuring embryogenesis of mandible, the initial ossification centre begins at the bifurcation of the inferior alveolar (IA) and the mental nerves. Additionally, in congenital anomalies like craniofacial microsomia (CFM), the IA canal is completely absent on the microsomic side. These observations led us to hypothesise that there may be a morphological integration between these structures – the IA nerve and the mandibular shapes. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to test for morphological integration between these structures and the secondary objective was to determine if there were shape variations in these structures among skeletal Classes I, II and III subjects.Setting and sample populationThe sample size of the study is 80 full‐head cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (age 16–56 years).MethodsWe retrieved CBCT scans from our archived database using specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. In the de‐identified CBCT scans, traditional coordinate landmarks and sliding semi‐landmarks were placed on the mandible and the IA canal (proxy for IA nerve). Using geometric morphometric analyses, we tested integration between the IA canal and the mandibular shapes. We used Procrustes ANOVA to test for overall shape variations among the three skeletal classes (Classes I, II and III).ResultsThe IA canal and posterior/inferior border of mandible showed strong integration (r‐PLS = .845, P = .001). Similar strong integration was also observed between the IA canal and the overall shape of the mandible (r‐PLS = .866, P = .001). Additionally, there was a statistically significant variation in overall shape between skeletal Class I and Class II (P = .008) and Class II and Class III (P = .001).ConclusionsThe strong integration between two structures suggests that the IA nerve may play a role in establishing mandibular shape early in development. We posit this may be important in driving mandibular defects seen in CFM, which warrants further investigation.