bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Learning of non‐Hermitian Photonic Bulk Topology
Authors: Li Yandong , Ao Yutian , Hu Xiaoyong , Lu Cuicui , Chan C. T. , Gong Qihuang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMachine‐learning has proven useful in distinguishing topological phases. However, there is still a lack of relevant research in the non‐Hermitian community, especially from the perspective of the momentum‐space. Here, an unsupervised machine‐learning method, diffusion maps, is used to study non‐Hermitian topologies in the momentum‐space. Choosing proper topological descriptors as input datasets, topological phases are successfully distinguished in several prototypical cases, including a line‐gapped tight‐binding model, a line‐gapped Floquet model, and a point‐gapped tight‐binding model. The datasets can be further reduced when certain symmetries exist. A mixed diffusion kernel method is proposed and developed, which could study several topologies at the same time and give hierarchical clustering results. As an application, a novel phase transition process is discovered in a non‐Hermitian honeycomb lattice without tedious numerical calculations. This study characterizes band properties without any prior knowledge, which provides a convenient and powerful way to study topology in non‐Hermitian systems.
Exploring the motivating factors for using live‐streaming and their influence on consumers' hedonic well‐being: The mediating effect of psychological engagement
Authors: Asante Isaac Owusu , Jiang Yushi , Miao Miao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study employs a multimethod approach to examine the factors motivating consumers to interact with brands through live‐streaming platforms and how they affect their hedonic well‐being. The result indicates that exclusively relying on the net effects of the motivating factors could be misleading. It presents an insight into how a mediation effect (psychological engagement) affects the interdependence of the independent variables in achieving hedonic well‐being. Although the structural equation modeling results highlight the significant mediating impact of psychological engagement, the fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis shows that psychological engagement is only a core condition in one configuration (out of the three configurations). That is when two motivational factors (brand awareness and real‐time customer service) act as a substitute, and the others (convenience and consumer–brand relationship quality) are present. Therefore, psychological engagement is indifferent when all motivational factors are present. This study, through the application of a multimethod approach, shows that motivational factors for using live‐streaming are only necessary for escalating consumer well‐being but not sufficient in themselves.
lncRNA GHET1 regulates extravillous trophoblastic phenotype via EZH2/LSD1‐mediated MT2A epigenetic suppression in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Wan Pengyun , Huang Jia , Liu Wenting , Su Xiaoyan , Zhao Bei , Wang Xianggang , Zhao Lu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPre‐eclampsia (PE) is usually defined as new‐onset hypertension with albuminuria or other organ damage. Herein, the role and mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1 (GHET1) during PE are investigated. Expression of GHET1 in PE pregnancies was evaluated using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Proliferation and cell cycle of extravillous trophoblasts were assessed by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), colony formation, 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Migration, invasion, and network formation of trophoblasts were measured by wound healing, transwell system, and tube formation assays. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull‐down, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to confirm the molecular interaction. GHET1 was markedly decreased in the placenta of PE patients. GHET1 promoted the proliferation and cell cycle of extravillous trophoblasts, as well as migration, invasion, and network formation in vitro. Metallothionein 2A (MT2A) functioned as a downstream effector of GHET1, which was negatively correlated with GHET1 in PE. GHET1 directly bound with zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2/lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (EZH2/LSD1). Knockdown of GHET1 reduced the occupancies of H3K27me3 and H3K4me2 in the MT2A promoter region by recruiting EZH2 and LSD1. MT2A knockdown reversed GHET1 inhibition mediated biological functions. GHET1 regulates extravillous trophoblastic phenotype via EZH2/LSD1‐mediated MT2A epigenetic suppression in PE.
Critical Investigation of Betaine Hydrochloride‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvent for Ionometallurgical Metal Production
Authors: Richter Janine , Pietsch Tobias , Elsner Noah , Ruck Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe applicability of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of betainium hydrochloride, urea and glycerol is examined with respect to ionometallurgical metal extraction and compared with the ionic liquid (IL) betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][NTf2]). The DES dissolves numerous metal oxides, where not only betaine and chloride act as stabilizing ligands, but also nascent ammonia seems to be essential. From such solutions, cobalt, copper, zinc, tin, lead, and even vanadium can be electrodeposited, demonstrating the feasibility of ionometallurgy. However, repeated recycling of the DES is not conceivable. NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry identify numerous decomposition reactions taking place at 60 °C already. The by‐products that are formed not only make recycling more difficult, but also pose a toxicity problem. The opportunities and obstacles of DESs and ILs for their application in ionometallurgy are critically discussed. It is shown that a thorough understanding of the underlying chemical processes is critical.
The effects of cellulose nanocrystal and dicumyl peroxide on the crystallization kinetics of polylactic acid
Authors: Junjie Li , Junjun Wu , Xie Zexiang , Zhong Ganji , Gao Xueqin , Jiang Long 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been blended into polylactic acid (PLA) to improve the polymer's properties. The dispersion of CNC in the matrix has a strong influence on the properties of the nanocomposites. In this study, PLA and CNC were compounded by a reactive extrusion process using dicarbonyl peroxide (DCP) as the free radical initiator. Isothermal and non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of the resulting nanocomposites were investigated to understand the effect of PLA‐D‐CNC on the crystallization of the materials. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the grafting of PLA onto CNC via reactive extrusion. The Avrami and Tobin model studies showed that the reactive extrusion product PLA‐D‐CNC exhibited much higher crystallization rates compared to neat PLA, PLA/CNC (without DCP), and PLA/DCP. The maximum crystallization rate temperature of PLA, PLA/CNC, and PLA/DCP was increased from ~100 to ~110°C for PLA‐D‐CNC. The results showed that CNC promoted PLA nucleation and crystallization at high temperatures under the action of DCP. Specifically, the maximum crystallization rate of PLA‐D‐CNC was 46 times higher than that of neat PLA. PLA‐D‐CNC showed a two‐stage crystallization process, while the other three samples exhibited mostly single‐stage processes. The much‐enhanced crystallization of PLA‐D‐CNC was ascribed to the improved interaction between PLA and PLA‐D‐CNC and the homogeneous dispersion of CNC.Highlights
PLA chains were grafted onto CNC with the assistance of DCP free radicals.
PLA‐grafted CNC facilitated heterogeneous nucleation of PLA.
Crystallization studies confirmed improved PLA crystallization in the presence of PLA‐D‐CNC.
Poly(L‐lactide)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(D,L‐lactide) copolymers with enhanced toughness and strength by regulating crystallization and phase separation
Authors: Chen Yipeng , Zhang Jiangang , Zhang Yuesheng , Cao Wen , Liu Xiong , Bao Jianna , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCopolymerizing poly(lactide) with other materials to obtain better comprehensive performance is a effective way to expand its application range. In this work, the precursors of hydroxyl terminated (poly(L‐lactide) [PLLA], poly(ε‐caprolactone) [PCL], poly(D,L‐lactide) [PDLLA]) were prepared, and PLLA‐PCL‐PDLLA copolymer were synthesized by chain extension. The effects of the proportion and molecular weight of each component and the amount of chain extender on crystallization, phase structures, mechanical properties and thermal stabilities of PLLA‐PCL‐PDLLA copolymer were studied in detail. Based on small‐angle X‐ray scattering results, the competition between crystallization and microphase separation was regulated by the composition and chain length of prepolymers. As the ratio of PLLA/PDLLA was 1:1, crystallization was prevailing and no obvious peak was observed in SAXS pattern. The tensile test results showed that as the ratio of PLLA/PDLLA increased from 1:1 to 1:5, the elongation at break of the copolymer changed from 1.8% to 343%. By using shorter length of PCL and PLLA segments in chain extension, improvement in strength and flexibility were obtained due to moderate degree of crystallization and microphase separation. This work used biodegradable materials to prepare extraordinary toughness copolymers without losing the biocompatibility, which may provide a feasible method for obtaining high toughness and biodegradable PLA‐based materials.
Auto‐segmentation of the clinical target volume using a domain‐adversarial neural network in patients with gynaecological cancer undergoing postoperative vaginal brachytherapy
Authors: Yan Junfang , Qin Xue , Qiao Caixia , Zhu Jiawei , Song Lina , Yang Mi , Wang Shaobin , Bai Lu , Liu Zhikai , Qiu Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeFor postoperative vaginal brachytherapy (POVBT), the diversity of applicators complicates the creation of a generalized auto‐segmentation model, and creating models for each applicator seems difficult due to the large amount of data required. We construct an auto‐segmentation model of POVBT using small data via domain‐adversarial neural networks (DANNs).MethodsCT images were obtained postoperatively from 90 patients with gynaecological cancer who underwent vaginal brachytherapy, including 60 and 30 treated with applicators A and X, respectively. A basal model was devised using data from the patients treated with applicator A; next, a DANN model was constructed using these same 60 patients as well as 10 of those treated with applicator X through transfer learning techniques. The remaining 20 patients treated with applicator X comprised the validation set. The model's performance was assessed using objective metrics and manual clinical evaluation.ResultsThe DANN model outperformed the basal model on both objective metrics and subjective evaluation (p<0.05 for all). The median DSC and 95HD values were 0.97 and 3.68 mm in the DANN model versus 0.94 and 5.61 mm in the basal model, respectively. Multi‐centre subjective evaluation by three clinicians showed that 99%, 98%, and 81% of CT slices contoured by the DANN model were acceptable versus only 73%, 77%, and 57% of those contoured by the basal model. One clinician deemed the DANN model comparable to manual delineation.ConclusionDANNs provides a realistic approach for the wide application of automatic segmentation of POVBT and can potentially be used to construct auto‐segmentation models from small datasets.
Quantum Quantile Mechanics: Solving Stochastic Differential Equations for Generating Time‐Series
Authors: Paine Annie E. , Elfving Vincent E. , Kyriienko Oleksandr 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA quantum algorithm is proposed for sampling from a solution of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Using differentiable quantum circuits (DQCs) with a feature map encoding of latent variables, the quantile function is represented for an underlying probability distribution and samples extracted as DQC expectation values. Using quantile mechanics the system is propagated in time, thereby allowing for time‐series generation. The method is tested by simulating the Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck process and sampling at times different from the initial point, as required in financial analysis and dataset augmentation. Additionally, continuous quantum generative adversarial networks (qGANs) are analyzed, and the authors show that they represent quantile functions with a modified (reordered) shape that impedes their efficient time‐propagation. The results shed light on the connection between quantum quantile mechanics (QQM) and qGANs for SDE‐based distributions, and point the importance of differential constraints for model training, analogously with the recent success of physics informed neural networks.
Evaluation of the inner retinal layers following traditional and modified ILM peeling surgery using automatic CMDS quantification algorithm
Authors: Shen Lijun , Ye Xin , Wu Sulan , Yu Jiafeng , Chen Huan , Zhang Shian , Wang Chenxi , Jiang Shanshan , Mao Jianbo , He Shucheng , Liu Xingxing , Chen Yiqi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIdiopathic macular hole (IMH) is a vitreoretinal disease that causes severe visual impairment, and the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) is the traditional treatment for IMH. Since the dissociated optical nerve fiber layer (DONFL) is observed in the eyes after the surgery, a modified surgery is put forward to minimize the injury. However, the extent to which the modified surgery reduced damage is not clear. A novel automated image processing system was developed in this study to quantify the damage after the surgery, revealing how the modified surgery reduced the DONFL. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and visual acuity were collected from 65 eyes that underwent a vitrectomy with traditional and modified ILM peeling procedure at Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital preoperatively. We found that DONFL occurred in all 65 eyes of both the traditional and modified ILM peeling groups. The concentric macular dark spots (CMDS) were automatically measured by the image processing system. The mean total area of CMDS was smaller in the modified ILM peeling group (0.224 ± 0.110 mm2) than that of the traditional ILM peeling group (0.385 ± 0.237 mm2), and there is a significant difference between the two groups (p < .05). The morphological difference in the temporal quadrant of CMDS between the two surgery technology groups was significant (p < .001). This study will provide a clinical research basis for the improvement of macular hole surgery.
Spin-Phonon Relaxation in Magnetic Molecules: Theory, Predictions and Insights
Authors: Lunghi Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMagnetic molecules have played a central role in the development of magnetism and coordination chemistry, and their study keeps leading innovation in cutting-edge scientific fields such as magnetic resonance, magnetism, spintronics, and quantum technologies. Crucially, a long spin lifetime well above cryogenic temperature is a stringent requirement for all these applications. In this chapter, we review the foundations of spin relaxation theory and provide a detailed overview of first-principles strategies applied to the problem of spin-phonon relaxation in magnetic molecules. Firstly, we present a rigorous formalism of spin-phonon relaxation based on open-quantum systems theory. These results are then used to derive classical phenomenological relations based on the Debye model. Finally, we provide a prescription of how to map the relaxation formalism onto existing electronic structure methods to obtain a quantitative picture of spin-phonon relaxation. Examples from the literature, including both transition metals and lanthanides compounds, will be discussed in order to illustrate how Direct, Orbach, and Raman relaxation mechanisms can affect spin dynamics for this class of compounds.
Introduction
Authors: Hu Yamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn contemporary China, the proposal of constructing the Chinese form of Marxist literary criticism, as a form distinctly differed from Russian Soviet and Western Marxist literary criticism after classical Marxist literary criticism, is a pioneering attempt beneficial for the study of Marxist literary criticism globally. Does the Chinese form really exist? How does one construct the Chinese form? What are the theoretical qualities of the Chinese form, and what are its contributions to the global literary studies? These questions are of great theoretical value and practical urgency. The Introduction inquires and updates current research methods and paradigms, and then provides new ideas and theoretical routes for the construction of the Chinese form of Marxist literary criticism.
The Praxis Dimension of Literary Criticism
Authors: Hu Yamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInheriting the Classical Marxist view of practice, the Chinese form re-examines the nature and scope of practice. Practice covers material as well as spiritual activities of human beings. The initiative of the subject is foregrounded and the primacy of practice is affirmed with a view of literature in the practical dimension. Literature, as the embodiment of the essential power of human beings, is the product of the objectification of both the subject and object. It arises from the objectified relationship, which is incarnated in the mutual transformation and construction between the creative subject and the object. For this reason, the epistemology and modern linguistic theories are in need of re-consideration and correction. Also, the inner contradiction of literary theory of reflection and linguistic ontology needs to be revealed. Practical dimension is employed in the discussion of the objectified relationship between literary criticism and the subject of literary activity, literary text, and even the society in which they are shaped and elevated by each other. The consciousness and unconsciousness in practical activities and the relationship between the finiteness and infinity are also reflected and inquired.
Literature and Capital in a Market Economy
Authors: Hu Yamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe attributes of literature in the market economy are needed to be re-examined. Contemporary literary production has not only aesthetic and ideology but also commodity attributes. However, to propose and analyze the commodity attribute of literature is not to wave the flag and cheer for the commercialization of art. By acknowledging and understanding the commodity attribute of artistic production, we can effectively widen the living space of literary and artistic activities, and keep alert to the threat of capital to art, preventing it from killing the nature of art in the process of maximizing profit. Adhering to the spiritual character of literature in literary production, the Chinese form will try to achieve the harmonious development of the artistic value of literature and market demand. Suggestions are given to the future development of artistic production from aspects of personalization, comprehensiveness, and public interest. When the division of labor ceases to be compulsory, the capitalistic attributes of literature will gradually fade away. The full emancipation of human beings is precisely the goal and the intended orientation of contemporary artistic production.
Status of electroweak baryogenesis in minimal composite Higgs
Authors: Bruggisser Sebastian , von Harling Benedict , Matsedonskyi Oleksii , Servant Géraldine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present an update on the status of electroweak baryogenesis in minimal composite Higgs models. The particularity of this framework is that the electroweak phase transition can proceed simultaneously with the confinement phase transition of the new strong dynamics that produces the composite Higgs. The latter transition is controlled by the dilaton — the pseudo-Goldstone boson of an approximate scale invariance of the composite sector. Since it naturally is first-order, the electroweak phase transition becomes first-order too. Another appealing aspect is that the necessary additional source of CP violation can arise from the variation of the quark Yukawa couplings during the phase transition, which is built-in naturally in this scenario. These two features address the shortcomings of electroweak baryogenesis in the Standard Model. We confront this scenario with the latest experimental bounds derived from collider searches for new resonances and measurements of the Higgs couplings and electric dipole moments. All these constraints provide (or will be able to provide in the near future) important bounds on the considered scenario, with the most stringent ones coming from LHC searches for new resonances which constrain the dilaton mass and couplings. We identify the viable region of parameter space which satisfies all the constraints, and is characterized by a dilaton mass in the 300–500 GeV range and a Higgs decay constant f ≲ 1.1 TeV. We discuss its future tests.
Blow-up for a stochastic model of chemotaxis driven by conservative noise on $$\mathbb {R}^2$$
Authors: Mayorcas Avi , Tomašević Milica 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe establish criteria on the chemotactic sensitivity $$\chi $$
χ
for the non-existence of global weak solutions (i.e., blow-up in finite time) to a stochastic Keller–Segel model with spatially inhomogeneous, conservative noise on $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

. We show that if $$\chi $$
χ
is sufficiently large then blow-up occurs with probability 1. In this regime, our criterion agrees with that of a deterministic Keller–Segel model with increased viscosity. However, for $$\chi $$
χ
in an intermediate regime, determined by the variance of the initial data and the spatial correlation of the noise, we show that blow-up occurs with positive probability.
Common misunderstandings of evidence-based medicine
Authors: Semrau Frank , Aidelsburger Pamela , Israel Carsten Walter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCurrently, most evidence assessments in guidelines or health technology assessments (HTAs) rely on the assumption that a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is always the best source of evidence. However, if the outcome in a control group is certain, e.g. death within a short time with an almost 100% chance, or if an event can only occur in the treatment group, there is no need for a randomized control group; the evidence cannot be improved by a control group, nor by an RCT design. If a cause–effect relationship is certain (“primary or direct evidence”), a therapeutic effect can be diluted in the population of an RCT by cross-over, etc. This can lead to serious misinterpretations of the effect. While experts such as the GRADE group or Cochrane institutes recommend using all available evidence, the leading approach in many guidelines and HTAs is assessing “the best available trials”, i.e. RCTs. But since RCTs only deliver probabilities of cause–effect relationships, it is not appropriate to demand RCTs for certain effects. A control group can only diminish the net value of a treatment since the outcome in the control group is subtracted from the outcome in the treatment group. Therefore, under identical circumstances, an RCT will always show lower effect rates compared to a single arm study of the same quality, for desired as well as for adverse effects. Considering these inconsistencies in evidence-based medicine interpretation, the evidence pyramid with RCTs at the top is not always a reliable indicator for the best quality of evidence.