bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A call for autism‐led research exploring definitions of recovery in Autistic individuals with an eating disorder
Authors: Nimbley Emy , Maloney Ellen , Duffy Fiona 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch GapIt is now established that definitions of recovery in eating disorders (EDs) should be informed by the lived/living experience of individuals and consider a broad range of physical, behavioral, and psychological factors. Autism is a common co‐occurring condition in EDs reflecting unique needs and experiences; however, very little research to date has explored definitions of recovery from EDs in Autistic populations. The current article will briefly review what we know about autism and EDs, before addressing how we can apply and extend what we know about broader ED recovery research to the unique needs of Autistic individuals with ED.Suggested ApproachWe propose that future studies are urgently required exploring definitions and conceptualizations of recovery in Autistic individuals with EDs, rooted in autism‐led, participatory research approaches and incorporating physical, behavioral, and psychological factors.DiscussionBenefits and possible obstacles of implementing the proposed approach are discussed, before the authors outline specific suggestions for participatory designs and targets for future studies. Multidimensional and mixed method approaches to ED recovery will work toward integrating clinically measurable outcomes with lived/living experience perspectives.Public SignificanceEDs are common in Autistic individuals, however, very little is known about definitions of ED recovery in this population. Cross‐disciplinary, research‐driven definitions involving lived/living experience at all stages of the research process will generate meaningful and translational research.
Long‐lived Triplet Excited State of Perylenemonoimide (PMI) in a Diimine Pt(II) Bis‐acetylide Complex: Preparation and Study of the Photophysical Property with Transient Spectra
Authors: Ye Kaiyue , Wang Peili , Li Minjie , Hou Yuqi , Zhao Jianzhang , Wan Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe prepared a N^N Pt(II) bisacetylide complex that has strong absorption of visible light (molar absorption coefficients ϵ=6.7×104 M−1 cm−1 at 570 nm), and the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) is up to 78 %. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra show the intersystem crossing (ISC) of the complex takes 81.8 ps, nanosecond transient absorption spectra show the triplet excited state lifetime is 7.6 μs. Density functional theory (DFT) computation demonstrated that the S1 and T1 states are mainly localized on the perylenemonoimide (PMI) ligands, although the involvement of the Pt(II) centre is noticeable. The complex was used as triplet photosensitizer to generate delayed fluorescence with perylenebisimide (PBI) as the triplet state energy acceptor and emitter, via the intermolecular triplet‐triplet energy transfer (TTET) and triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA), the delayed fluorescence lifetime is up to 52.5 μs under the experimental conditions.
Ultimate and Primary Biodegradation of a Range of Nonpolymeric and Polymeric Surfactants in Seawater
Authors: Brakstad Odd G. , Sarno Antonio , Geerts Roy , Dawick James , Machado Abel , Hopp Philipp 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Surfactants are chemicals commonly used in a wide range of domestic and industrial products. In the present study, ultimate biodegradation of 18 surfactants representing different classes (including several polymeric alcohol ethoxylates [AEs]) was determined in seawater at 20 °C by a Closed Bottle test method. After 28 days of incubation, 12 surfactants reached 60% biodegradation and were considered to be readily biodegradable in seawater. The results for the six additional surfactants indicated that the 60% pass level may be reached by extended incubation time, or that reduced biodegradation could be associated with toxicity of the chemicals. All these six surfactants were biodegraded &gt;20% after 28 days, indicative of primary biodegradation in seawater. Polymeric ethoxylates with high numbers of ethylene oxide (EO) groups (40–50 EO groups) were more slowly biodegraded than polyethoxylates with 4 to 23 EO groups. Biodegradation experiments of the AE C12 EO9 (3 to 18 EO groups) in a carousel system at 20 °C with natural seawater and a surfactant concentration of 500 µg/L showed rapid primary biodegradation by targeted analyses of the AE, with &gt;99% primary biodegradation after 2 days of incubation. The surfactant depletion coincided with temporary formation of polyethylene glycols, suggesting that central fission is an important degradation step in seawater. A primary biodegradation experiment in the carousel system with C12 EO9 was conducted in the presence of suspended particulate materials (SPMs; marine phytoplankton and clay particles), showing that the presence of SPMs did not hamper the primary biodegradation of the surfactant. Separation of fractions in 20-µm steel filters indicated some particle association of the surfactant. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1472–1484. © 2023 SETAC
American strangle options with arbitrary strikes
Authors: Zaevski Tsvetelin S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe so‐called American strangle options are examined in this paper. Their main characteristic is the combined put and call feature. The holder has the right to exercise prematurely choosing the option's style—put or call. We abandon the traditional assumption that the put strike is below the call one considering arbitrary values. We also assume that the put and call weights are different. The equations for the early exercise boundaries are derived in the perpetual case. After that we approximate numerically these boundaries for the finite maturity options maximizing the option holder's utility. On the basis of them we apply a Crank–Nicolson finite difference method to the corresponding Black–Scholes‐style partial differential equation to obtain the fair option price.
Formalizing the Representativeness of Verification Models using Morphisms
Authors: Wach Paul , Beling Peter , Salado Alejandro 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTWith the increasing complexity that is being introduced to engineered systems, the literature suggests that verification may benefit from theoretical foundations. In practice and in teaching of system engineering (SE), we typically define a verification model (simulation, test article, etc.) under the assumption that the model is a valid representation of the system design. Is this assumption always true? In this article, we explore the use of system theoretic morphisms to mathematically characterize the validity of representativeness between verification models and corresponding system design.
Exploring the Test and Evaluation Space using Model Based Conceptual Design (MBCD) Techniques
Authors: Flanigan David , Robinson Kevin 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTDuring the initial concept development phase, systems engineers focus on defining the problem space and system functions to explore candidate concepts that may address the systems engineers' problems. Model‐based conceptual design (MBCD) techniques may be used to assist the customer and other stakeholders develop a greater understanding of the system concept, as well as identifying areas in the system that are affected by changes in requirements. This approach has generally been documented for describing the system concept in the early stages in the lifecycle, without significant focus on the test and evaluation (T&E) space that would be needed to evaluate these concepts, or identifying where the T&E space would be affected with a change in requirements. Our hypothesis is that decision makers would equally gain insight into the T&E considerations as well as system space considerations using MBCD techniques. An approach is offered to extend the previously published MBCD methodology to better consider the T&E space.
Modifications to therapeutic plasma exchange to achieve rapid exchange on cardiopulmonary bypass prior to pediatric cardiac transplant
Authors: Davies Emily , Khan Sairah , Mo Yunchuan D. , Jacquot Cyril , Dham Niti , Sinha Pranava , Webb Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac transplants increasingly occur following placement of ventricular assist devices (VADs). A strong association exists between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitization and VAD placement; however, desensitization protocols that utilize therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) are fraught with technical challenges and are at increased risk of adverse events. In response to increased VAD utilization in our pre‐transplant population, we developed a new institutional standard for TPE in the operating room.MethodsThrough a multidisciplinary effort, we developed an institutional protocol for intraoperative TPE immediately prior to cardiac transplantation after cannulation onto cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). All procedures used the standard TPE protocol on the Terumo Optia (Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO, USA), but incorporated multiple modifications to limit patients' bypass times, and to coordinate with the surgical teams. These modifications included deliberate misidentification of replacement fluid and maximization of the citrate infusion rate.ResultsThese adjustments allowed the machine to run at maximal inlet speeds, minimizing duration of TPE. To date, 11 patients have been treated with this protocol. All survived their cardiac transplantation operation. Hypocalcemia and hypotension were noted; however, none of these adverse events appeared to have clinical impact. Technical complications included unexpected fibrin deposition in the TPE circuit and air in the inlet line due to surgical manipulation of the CPB cannula. No thromboembolic complications occurred in any patient.ConclusionWe feel that this procedure can be rapidly and safely performed in HLA sensitized pediatric patients on CPB to limit the risk of antibody mediated rejection of their heart transplant.
Does diversity in supervisory boards affect profitability and corporate social responsibility?
Authors: Taufik Muhammad , Oh Jessie Fircayanthi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study analyses how individuals who bring diversity to the membership of supervisory boards (IDSBs) affect profitability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) by looking at their human capital, tokenistic leadership potential, and tendencies. IDSBs are females, younger people, those with PhDs, accounting experts, and foreign members. Their effect will be interpreted by utilizing resource dependence theory and tokenism theory. Additionally, their counterparts, namely board members who are male, older, who do not have PhDs, are not accounting experts, and are local nationals, were also examined. Indonesian corporations from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed using panel data. The proportion and number of IDSBs were classified as token leaders. Despite their rarity, female supervisory board members increased profitability. CSR was, however, negatively affected by women, accounting experts, and foreigners serving on supervisory boards due to their role as tokenistic leaders. Additionally, supervisory board members who are younger, have PhDs, and are accounting experts contributed to a drop in profitability. Surprisingly, supervisory board members who are younger (older) and have PhDs (non‐PhDs) did not yield empirical evidence regarding CSR, so it is beyond the scope of the perspective on tokenism. Finally, foreign board members increased profitability but this is limited to firm value.
Arginase 1 expression is increased during hepatic stellate cell activation and facilitates collagen synthesis
Authors: Zhang Mengfan , Wu Zongmei , Salas Sandra Serna , Aguilar Magnolia Martinez , Trillos‐Almanza Maria C. , Buist‐Homan Manon , Moshage Han 
Published: April 2023

AbstractActivation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) is a key event in the initiation of liver fibrosis. Activated HSCs proliferate and secrete excessive amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM), disturbing liver architecture and function, leading to fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Collagen is the most abundant constituent of ECM and proline is the most abundant amino acid of collagen. Arginine is the precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of proline. Arginine is the exclusive substrate of both nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase. NOS is an M1 (proinflammatory) marker of macrophage polarization whereas arginase‐1 (Arg1) is an M2 (profibrogenic) marker of macrophage polarization. Differential expression of NOS and Arg1 has not been studied in HSCs yet. To identify the expression profile of arginine catabolic enzymes during HSC activation and to investigate their role in HSC activation, primary rat HSCs were cultured‐activated for 7 days and expression of iNOS and Arg1 were investigated. Nor‐NOHA was used as a specific and reversible arginase inhibitor. During HSC activation, iNOS expression decreased whereas Arg1 expression increased. Inhibition of Arg1 in activated HSCs efficiently inhibited collagen production but not cell proliferation. HSC activation is accompanied by a switch of arginine catabolism from iNOS to Arg1. Inhibition of Arg1 decreases collagen synthesis. Therefore, we conclude that Arg1 can be a therapeutic target for the inhibition of liver fibrogenesis.
Comparison of a single‐use pH test strip and a glass electrode for potentiometric titration
Authors: Wang Hsing‐Ting , Kuo Fang‐Ci , Lin Xin‐Yuan , Tsai Hwei‐yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe potentiometric titration of a carbonate mixture or an acetate solution is a common experiment in analytical laboratories. Typically, a glass electrode combined with a calomel or Ag/AgCl reference electrode is used to locate the equivalence points in neutralization titrations. The dissociation constants of weak acids and bases can be calculated from the pH at the half‐neutralization point. Recently, a new commercial product for measuring pH has been developed. This novel acid–base detection strip is a single‐use sensor that requires neither storage in a preservation liquid nor calibration prior to use. This study examined its suitability for the continuous monitoring of pH changes in potentiometric titrations of carbonate mixtures, acetate solutions, or ammonia solutions. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of solutions tested using a glass electrode and a pH test strip. The pKa, pKb, and pH values determined using the two systems differed by less than 5%. The results confirmed that the pH strips are suitable for continuously monitoring pH changes during neutralization titrations. However, the strips can only be used once.
A green co‐treatment to accelerate the hydrolysis of sludge during anaerobic fermentation using free nitrous acid and sodium citrate
Authors: Zhou Wu‐yang , Fang Qian , Ding Wen‐xue , Xiao Zi‐long , Luo Fan , Ping Qi‐qi , Wang Guang‐hua , Zhang Rui‐jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge to produce short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is one of the means of sludge resource utilization. However, the protective effect of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) structure contained in sludge flocs can lead to a slow hydrolysis process, which inhibits the production of SCFAs.ResultsIn this study, a new step‐by‐step pretreatment method for breaking sludge flocs was adopted. The cationic complexing agent sodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7) was used first to break the cationic bridging structure of EPS, and then the strong oxidizing property of free nitrous acid (HNO2) was used to break the cell structure. The results showed that the C6H5Na3O7dose of 0.10 g g−1total suspended solids (TSS) was able to disintegrate EPS, and the optimal dose and pretreatment time of HNO2under these conditions were 2.504 mg L−1and 24 h, respectively, when the highest soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) content of 1700 ± 25 mg L−1was reached. SCFA production in the group of 0.10 g g−1TSS with 2.504 mg L−1HNO2co‐pretreatment reached 1827 ± 40 mg COD L−1at 8 days of fermentation.ConclusionThe presence of C6H5Na3O7accelerated the degradation rate of HNO2during fermentation, and the pH fluctuation of the system was lower compared to the HNO2pretreatment alone. Moreover, the synergistic pretreatment significantly changed the bacterial community structure within the system andPetrimonas(47.62%), belonging to the hydrogen and acetic acid‐producing bacteria, was enriched, which promoted organic matter degradation and SCFA production. These findings will contribute to optimization of the sludge treatment process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Antibiotic clinical decision support for pneumonia in the ED: A randomized trial
Authors: Williams Derek J. , Martin Judith M. , Nian Hui , Weitkamp Asli O. , Slagle Jason , Turer Robert W. , Suresh Srinivasan , Johnson Jakobi , Stassun Justine , Just Shari L. , Reale Carrie , Beebe Russ , Arnold Donald H. , Antoon James W. , Rixe Nancy S. , Sartori Laura F. , Freundlich Robert E. , Ampofo Krow , Pavia Andrew T. , Smith Joshua C. , Weinger Matthew B. , Zhu Yuwei , Grijalva Carlos G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectronic health record‐based clinical decision support (CDS) is a promising antibiotic stewardship strategy. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of antibiotic CDS in the pediatric emergency department (ED).ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of antibiotic CDS vs. usual care for promoting guideline‐concordant antibiotic prescribing for pneumonia in the pediatric ED.DesignPragmatic randomized clinical trial.Setting and ParticipantsEncounters for children (6 months‐18 years) with pneumonia presenting to two tertiary care children s hospital EDs in the United States.InterventionCDS or usual care was randomly assigned during 4‐week periods within each site. The CDS intervention provided antibiotic recommendations tailored to each encounter and in accordance with national guidelines.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was exclusive guideline‐concordant antibiotic prescribing within the first 24 h of care. Safety outcomes included time to first antibiotic order, encounter length of stay, delayed intensive care, and 3‐ and 7‐day revisits.Results1027 encounters were included, encompassing 478 randomized to usual care and 549 to CDS. Exclusive guideline‐concordant prescribing did not differ at 24 h (CDS, 51.7% vs. usual care, 53.3%; odds ratio [OR] 0.94 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73, 1.20]). In pre‐specified stratified analyses, CDS was associated with guideline‐concordant prescribing among encounters discharged from the ED (74.9% vs. 66.0%; OR 1.53 [95% CI: 1.01, 2.33]), but not among hospitalized encounters. Mean time to first antibiotic was shorter in the CDS group (3.0 vs 3.4 h; p = .024). There were no differences in safety outcomes.ConclusionsEffectiveness of ED‐based antibiotic CDS was greatest among those discharged from the ED. Longitudinal interventions designed to target both ED and inpatient clinicians and to address common implementation challenges may enhance the effectiveness of CDS as a stewardship tool.
Prognostic and predictive factors in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: A long‐term study from a large tertiary care urban center
Authors: Gonzalez Marcos R. , Clunk Marilee J. , Bedi Angad D. S. , Werenski Joseph O. , Lang Julian H. , Karczewski Daniel , Sodhi Alisha , Lozano‐Calderon Santiago A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesUndifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is an aggressive type of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with high rates of metastatic disease and local recurrence. We sought to identify risk factors for local recurrence, metastasis, and overall death, and assess their impact on overall survival (OS), local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), and metastasis‐free survival (MFS).MethodsA total of 386 cases of UPS treated at our institution from 1980 to 2020 were included. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identifying risk factors for death, local recurrence, and/or metastasis. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, we assessed OS, LRFS, and MFS.ResultsSixty‐six (17%) and 121 (30%) patients with UPS developed local recurrence or metastasis, respectively. Lymph node (LN) involvement was present in 13.5% of patients. The most affected organ in patients with metastatic disease was the lungs (76.9%). Age ≥ 60 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.42) and size ≥7 cm (HR = 1.52) were some of the significant risk factors for overall death. LN involvement was an important risk factor for both LR (HR = 2.79) and distant metastasis (HR = 5.73).ConclusionsUPS displays high rates of metastatic disease and local recurrence. Using a tumor size cutoff value of 7 cm yields superior prognostic value than the standard STS T‐score thresholds. Lymphovascular invasion is an important risk factor for the development of metastasis.
TACE for HCC: A critical review of the 2021 CIRSE recommendations with presentation of a technique for a degradable starch microsphere—TACE
Authors: Fobbe Franz , Boese‐Landgraf Joachim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is no consensus on which substances and which method should be used for transarterial chemoembolization. A publication commissioned by CIRSE 2021 attempted to formulate recommendations. However, only the spectrum of currently implemented procedures is outlined but no recommendation was made. In this article, therefore, basic considerations regarding the technique of chemoembolization are presented, and the authors discuss fundamental considerations about the embolic materials used, the cytostatic drugs and their dosage, as well as about pain therapy during treatment. Then, a technique is presented which used degradable starch microspheres as an embolic agent. This technique enables multiple treatments over a longer period. However, this proposal is not only evidence‐based but also eminence‐based. What we need are controlled studies that systematically compare different treatment techniques in a sufficient number of patients. This will hopefully help to find the best method for individual patients. Until then, the technique proposed by the authors can be applied.
Reversed distal laterodigital adipofascial flap for nail‐bed reconstruction
Authors: Delle Femmine Pietro F. , Bruno Edoardo , Tosi Daniele , Musumarra Gaetano , Amadei Federico , Ribuffo Diego , Del Bene Massimo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLesions of the distal phalanges of the fingers frequently involve the nail bed. There are few therapeutic options for nail‐bed reconstruction and they often lead to painful scars and onychodystrophy. We present our experience with the distal adipofascial laterodigital reverse flap.MethodsFifteen patients (average age 46.33 years, range 28–73) with tumors or traumatic injuries (crush injuries, nail avulsion, and partial fingertip amputations) of the nail bed, underwent digital reconstruction through the distal adipofascial laterodigital reverse flap from June 2018 to August 2019. The size of the fingertip defect covered with the flap was ranged between 1.1 × 1.1 and 1.6 × 1.2 cm (average size 1.4 × 1.2 cm). The flap was harvested enrolling subcutaneous tissue from the lateral aspect of the middle and distal phalanx from the less damaged side.ResultsThe average size of the harvested flaps was 1.3 × 1.2 cm (range 1.1 × 1.0 to 1.4 × 1.1 cm). All adipofascial flaps survived entirely and the nail bed healed in all patients, with an average healing time of 21 days and a subsequent regrowth of the nail. The follow up ranged from 6 to 12 months, with a mean of 7 months.ConclusionsThe distal reverse adipofascial flap provides a very versatile and reliable coverage of the distal finger and its nail bed. It is a rapid and reproducible surgical procedure with poor morbidity for the donor site.Level of EvidenceIV.