bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid chitosan gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy and enhanced cytotoxic action of 6-mercaptopurine on breast cancer cell line
Authors: Faid Amna H. , Hussein Fatma El Zahraa , Mostafa Elham M. , Shouman Samia A. , Badr Yehia A. , Sliem Mahmoud A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
One of the most popular anti-inflammatory and anti-leukemic medications is 6-mercaptopurine, along with its riboside derivatives. Because of their potent adverse effects and limited biological half-life, they are rarely used. These problems might be solved by a novel medication delivery technique based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In present work, gold/chitosan nanohybrid was manufactured and assessed for photothermal therapy as well as a drug carrier to minimize the unwanted harmful effects of 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP). We estimate loading of 6-MP on gold nanoparticles by chitosan reduction (Au@CS NPs) creating (Au@CS-6MP).

Results
AuNPs were green sensitized in one step via chitosan. UV–visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential, TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, and HPLC technique for loading efficiency were used to characterize AuNPs and Au@CS-6MPC NPS. Our results estimate that AuNPs and Au@CS-6MPC NPS with small sizes of 16 ± 2 and 20 ± 4 nm, respectively, and Zeta potential 53.6 ± 5.2 and 55 ± 3 mV, respectively, and loading efficiency of 52% were achieved. Cytotoxicity of the Au@CS-6MPC NPs was significantly increased compared to free 6MP with IC50 1.11 µM. Cell viability was inhibited in AuNPs exposed to DPSS laser light, reaching 10% inhibition after 8 min.

Conclusions
The prepared Au@CS-6MPC NPs resulted in an additive effect in therapeutic managing of breast cancer. It can be predicted that this nanocomposite along with synergistic effect of laser light will definitely result in better therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects of 6-MP in a combination photothermal chemotherapy treatment. This combination can be explored as future alternative for cancer therapy.
Neuroprotective action of Smilax china ethanolic bark extract in treatment of a prominent aging disorder: Parkinson’s disease induced by rotenone
Authors: Sayyaed Ayesha , Saraswat Nikita , Kulkarni Ashish , Vyawahare Neeraj 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tremors, psychological difficulties, mental health issues, depression, impulsive acts, and other behavioral abnormalities are all symptoms of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Smilax china ethanolic extract was tested for its anti-Parkinson's activity using a Wistar rat model of rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease. Spectroscopic, acute toxicity and pharmacognostic analyses were performed.

Result
Brownish, the bark of Smilax china included vascular bundles and fibers upon microscopic inspection and alkaloids, carbohydrates, and phenolic substances upon phytochemical analysis. Acute toxicity testing as per Organization for Economic Corporation and Development 423 (OECD 423) on male Wistar rats revealed no harmful effects. The biochemical analysis of rotenone-induced groups revealed a disproportion. Improved body weight, mobility, coordination, and a lower incidence of catalepsy were seen in animals treated with Smilax china ethanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg). Smilax china 200 mg/kg extract substantially lowered motor defects determined by catalepsy score using bar test 17.061.74/s against rotenone-induced group 67.593.27/s. It also prevented the brain from oxidative stress by enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels to 5.440.01 units/mg protein compared to 2.050.104 units/mg protein in the rotenone-induced group. The vagus nerve, substantia nigra, and basal ganglia of the treated groups indicated a reduction in inflammation and alpha-synuclein destruction.

Conclusion
Based on our research, an ethanolic extract of Smilax china bark provides an effective antioxidant with promising neuroprotective properties in male Wistar rats induced with Parkinson's disease.

Graphical abstract
Ensemble Machine Learning Model Incorporating Radiomics and Body Composition for Predicting Intraoperative HDI in PPGL
Authors: Fu Yan , Wang Xueying , Yi Xiaoping , Guan Xiao , Chen Changyong , Han Zaide , Gong Guanghui , Yin Hongling , Liu Longfei , Chen Bihong T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
Intraoperative hemodynamic instability (HDI) can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications during surgery for pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL).

Objectives
We aimed to assess the risk of intraoperative HDI in patients with PPGL to improve surgical outcome.

Methods
A total of 199 consecutive patients with PPGL confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively included in this study. This cohort was separated into 2 groups according to intraoperative systolic blood pressure, the HDI group (n = 101) and the hemodynamic stability (HDS) group (n = 98). It was also divided into 2 subcohorts for predictive modeling: the training cohort (n = 140) and the validation cohort (n = 59). Prediction models were developed with both the ensemble machine learning method (EL model) and the multivariate logistic regression model using body composition parameters on computed tomography, tumor radiomics, and clinical data. The efficiency of the models was evaluated with discrimination, calibration, and decision curves.

Results
The EL model showed good discrimination between the HDI group and HDS group, with an area under the curve of (AUC) of 96.2% (95% CI, 93.5%-99.0%) in the training cohort, and an AUC of 93.7% (95% CI, 88.0%-99.4%) in the validation cohort. The AUC values from the EL model were significantly higher than the logistic regression model, which had an AUC of 74.4% (95% CI, 66.1%-82.6%) in the training cohort and an AUC of 74.2% (95% CI, 61.1%-87.3%) in the validation cohort. Favorable calibration performance and clinical applicability of the EL model were observed.

Conclusion
The EL model combining preoperative computed tomography-based body composition, tumor radiomics, and clinical data could potentially help predict intraoperative HDI in patients with PPGL.
Case Report: Bilateral peritonsillar abscess with complications of upper airway obstruction
Authors: Perdana Rizka Fathoni , Rosalina Elsa 
Published: September 2023

Background: Peritonsillar abscess is a collection of pus between the tonsillar fibrous capsule and the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Unilateral peritonsillar abscess is a common complication of acute tonsillitis, whereas bilateral peritonsillar abscess is rare. The incidence of bilateral peritonsillar abscess remains unknown but is estimated to be 4.9% of all peritonsillar abscess cases. Case report: A 20-year-old man came to the emergency room with bilateral peritonsillar abscess and complained of shortness of breath for two weeks. Physical examination showed muffled voice, 82% oxygen saturation, and inspiratory stridor. The isthmus faucium was narrow, with approximately 30% remaining. Peritonsillar puncture revealed pus mixed with blood. The treatment for this patient included bilateral peritonsillar incision and drainage and intravenous antibiotics of levofloxacin and metronidazole. The patient came to the Ear, Nose, Throat, Head, and Neck (ENTHN) Outpatient Unit eight days after the procedure for a control checkup and was in good condition. Conclusion: We have reported a bilateral peritonsillar abscess with complications of upper airway obstruction, in which we performed incision and drainage. Prompt and appropriate management is needed to avoid unwanted morbidity and mortality.
Comparative analysis of health authorities’ spokespersons and health influencers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nurlaela Arief N. , Pratama Andika Putra , Amalia Hasta Barata Vinka , Lathifah Tirdasari Nyayu , Budiman Dicky 
Published: September 2023

The primary purpose of this research is to compare government and non-government spokespersons by examining their roles in educating about COVID-19 vaccines and health services. This study employed comparative factor analysis and non-participatory observation toward the media activity of spokespersons in Indonesia. Using a questionnaire, this study examined the dimensions of public campaigns, risk communication, health and emergency, leadership and communication from Indonesian spokespersons. The data collection was conducted in two stages: a pilot study involving 102 respondents and the actual study involving 276 respondents. This study found that the highest perceived benefits and behavioral change come from the non-government spokesperson, of which 26.45% and 18.48% of respondents strongly agree, while the lowest is from a government spokesperson with no medical background. This study also found from five-health spokespersons, the best two are occupied by non-government with medical backgrounds, with 31.52% and 29.35% of respondents strongly agree. However, most respondents had high trust in the governments, with 14.49% strongly agreeing. Compared to those from the governmental sector, spokespersons from the non-governmental sector are perceived to induce higher perceived benefits in delivering the message. However, this does not mean there is no utility in using governmental sector spokespersons, as they are also shown to induce high levels of trust. Overall, governmental and non-governmental spokespersons show utility in different communication aspects, highlighting the need for targeted communication strategies. To conclude, these findings demonstrate that government spokespersons for the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia receive the same high level of trust as non-government spokespersons regarding communicating health hazards. The public looks forward to the regularity and routine of the leaders who serve as spokespersons in hopes of easing concerns and tension brought on by the ongoing appearance of the Omicron variation in Indonesia.
Associations between physical activity and health outcomes in clinical and non-clinical populations: A systematic meta-umbrella review
Authors: Zagorianakou Nektaria , Mantzoukas Stefanos , Tatsis Fotios , Tsiloni Evangelia , Georgakis Spiros , Nakou Agni , Gouva Mary , Dragioti Elena 
Published: September 2023

Background: The beneficial effect of physical activity in various health conditions is recognised, but the consistency and magnitude of its outcomes remain debated. Therefore, we aimed to chart the evidence of the association between physical activity and health outcomes in clinical and non-clinical populations. Methods: We conducted a meta-umbrella review using a semiquantitative and descriptive analysis. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINHAL databases from inception to February 28, 2023, for umbrella reviews that evaluated the relationship between physical activity and health outcomes using validated methods to assess evidence levels. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed quality of the umbrella reviews. The overlap analysis of component meta-analyses within the umbrella reviews was performed using the Corrected Covered Area (CCA) method. To ensure consistency, pooled effect estimates were converted to equivalent odds ratios (eORs). Results: Sixteen umbrella reviews with a total of 130 statistically significant associations were included. The sole risk-demonstrating association, supported by convincing evidence, was between intensive sports and atrial fibrillation (eOR=1.64, 95%CI=1.10-2.43). The strongest protective associations, supported by convincing and highly suggestive evidence, were between any physical activity and the incidence of Parkinson's disease (eOR=0.66, 95%CI=0.57-0.78), Alzheimer's disease (eOR=0.62, 95%CI=0.52-0.72), cognitive decline (eOR=0.67; 95%CI=0.57-0.78), breast cancer incidence (eOR=0.87, 95%CI=0.84-0.90), endometrial cancer incidence (eOR=0.79, 95%CI=0.74-0.85), and between recreational physical activity and the incidence/mortality of cancer (eOR=0.70, 95%CI=0.60-0.83). The remaining ones demonstrated lower levels of evidence, while 60 (46.2%) of those exhibited multiple levels of evidence, displaying a lack of consistency. Conclusion: Despite the inconsistent evidence across associations, the contribution of regular physical activity to maintaining both physical and mental health cannot be underestimated, particularly when it comes to cognitive and cancer outcomes. The association between intensive sports and potential risk of atrial fibrillation requires further consideration though.
Moral Support and Performance
Authors: Colella Fabrizio , Dalton Patricio S. , Giusti Giovanni 
Published: September 2023

This study presents unique empirical evidence on the importance of moral support for performance. We take advantage of an unusual change in Argentinean football legislation. In August 2013, as a matter of national security, the Argentinean government forced all teams in the first division to play their games with only home team supporters. Supporters of visiting teams were not allowed to be in stadiums during league games. We estimate the effect of this exogenous variation of supporters on team performance and find that visiting teams are on average about 20% more likely to lose without the presence of their supporters. As a counterfactual experiment, we run the analysis using contemporaneous cup games, where the visiting team supporters were allowed to attend, and find no effect of the ban on those games. Moreover, the ban does not seem to bias the decisions of referees, the lineups, or the market value of the teams, suggesting that the effect on team performance is due to the loss of moral support rather than other factors. Finally, we find that moral support is more relevant when there is equal power between the two teams, suggesting that moral support compensates the power of monetary resources. This paper provides a proof of concept of moral support as an important nonmonetary resource, even in settings with high monetary incentives. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02906 .
Optimal Dynamic Control of an Epidemic
Authors: Kruse Thomas , Strack Philipp 
Published: September 2023

Optimal Dynamic Control of an Epidemic We analyze how to optimally engage in social distancing in order to minimize the spread of an infectious disease. We identify conditions under which any optimal policy first engages in increasingly more social distancing and subsequently decreases its intensity. We show that an optimal policy might substantially delay measures that decrease the transmission rate to create herd immunity and that engaging in social distancing suboptimally early can increase the number of fatalities. Finally, we find that optimal social distancing can be an effective measure to reduce the death rate of a disease.
Lessons learned from a multiagency community mental health centre quality improvement learning collaborative in New Hampshire
Authors: Doyle Marcy , Watts Delitha , Umana Molly , Thomas Janet , Ryer Jeanne 
Published: September 2023

Background/Aims Community mental health centres in the US often struggle to implement the evidenced-based metrics and measurement processes required for quality reporting initiatives. Through the co-design and facilitation of a learning collaborative, all 10 community mental health centres in New Hampshire agreed on the goal of demonstrating measurement alignment and improvement across three behavioural health metrics related to depression and suicide risk, aiming for a screening rate of at least 85% in a year. Methods The learning system framework and Lean Six Sigma define, measure, analyse, improve and control methodologies were used to increase participation and improve quality reporting. Teams were asked to participate in both a group learning collaborative and individual centre facilitation sessions, working with a quality improvement specialist. Reported measures were compared with subsets of the population data and between centres. Outliers were identified for potential reporting inaccuracies and opportunities for improvement. Results All 10 community mental health centres were able to accurately report screening results on all three measures. After 12 months, 70% of the teams were able to reach the group-determined goal of at least 85% of eligible patients being screened in one measure, 40% of the teams met the benchmark in two measures and 20% of the teams were able to meet the benchmark in all three measures. Conclusions Early investment by community mental health centre leadership through the development of a shared aim and project outcomes is essential to support learning and achieve positive outcomes. Quality improvement specialists are vital for facilitation of shared learning and practice across organisations.
EDIRNet: an unsupervised deformable registration model for X-ray and neutron images
Authors: Zeng Qingtian , Yang Congli , Gan Quan , Wang Qihong , Wang Shansong 
Published: September 2023

For high-precision industrial non-destructive testing, multimodal image registration technology can be employed to register X-ray and neutron images. X-ray and neutron image registration algorithms usually use conventional methods through iterative optimization. These methods will increase the cost of registration time and require more initialization parameters. The imaging results of internal sample structures can suffer from edge blurring due to the influence of a neutron beam collimator aperture, X-ray focal point, and imaging angles. We present an unsupervised learning model, EDIRNet, based on deep learning for deformable registration of X-ray and neutron images. We define the registration process as a function capable of estimating the flow field from input images. By leveraging deep learning techniques, we effectively parameterize this function. Consequently, given a registration image, our optimized network parameters enable rapid and direct estimation of the flow field between the images. We design an attention-based edge enhancement module to enhance the edge features of the image. For evaluating our presented network model, we utilize a dataset including 552 pairs of X-ray and neutron images. The experimental results show that the registration accuracy of EDIRNet reaches 93.09%. Compared with traditional algorithms, the accuracy of EDIRNet is improved by 3.17%, and the registration time is reduced by 28.75 s.
Nitrogen thermometry in an inductively coupled plasma torch using broadband nanosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
Authors: Fries Dan , Stark Spenser T. , Murray John S. , Bhakta Rajkumar , Jans Elijah R. , Clemens Noel T. , Varghese Philip L. , Kearney Sean P. 
Published: September 2023

The development of atmospheric hypersonic flight and re-entry
capabilities requires the characterization of the thermo-chemical
state of representative test environments. This study demonstrates the
usage of multiplex nanosecond N2 coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
(CARS) to measure temperatures in an atmospheric, high-temperature (>6000K), air plasma plume, generated by an
inductively coupled plasma torch. These are some of the highest
temperatures ever accessed via gas-phase CARS, to our knowledge.
Temperatures of N2 in the equilibrium plasma plume are
determined via theoretical fits to measured CARS spectra. We discuss
the practical implementation of CARS at very high temperatures,
including the scaling of the N2 CARS signal strength from 300 to
6700 K, where the expected peak signal from the
high-temperature plasma torch gases is two orders of magnitude less
than commonly encountered in combustion environments. An intensified
CCD camera enables single-laser-shot detection at temperatures as high
as 6200 K, by increasing sensitivity and providing a time gate
against intense background luminosity. We also discuss the impacts of
unwanted two-beam CARS contributions from outside the nominal
three-beam measurement volume. We present mean axial and radial
temperature profiles, as well as time-series data derived from both
single-laser-shot and accumulated CARS spectra. The single-laser-shot
precision is 1.7%–2.6% at temperatures of 3500 to 6200 K. The
presented results pave the way for the use of CARS at very high
temperatures and the measurement of spatially resolved interface
processes in high-enthalpy flows.
Better efficacy of triple antibiotics therapy for human brucellosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Shanjun , Wang Hao , Li Fande , Du Lanping , Fan Wenqi , Zhao Meifang , Zhen Hua , Yan Yuke , Lu Menghan , Han Xin , Li Zhuo , Li Mujinyan , An Shuqi , Zhang Xinyao , Zhen Qing , Shui Tiejun 
Published: September 2023

Background
The treatment of brucellosis suffers from a high recurrence rate and drug resistance. Our study researched the differences in efficacy and side effects between triple antibiotics therapy and dual antibiotics therapy in the treatment of brucellosis through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We searched 4 English electronic databases and 2 Chinese electronic databases for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies published through September 2022 on the use of triple antibiotics versus dual antibiotics in the treatment of brucellosis. Overall outcome indicators were therapeutic failure rate, relapse rate, overall therapeutic failure rate, and side effect rate. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used as summary statistics. A fixed-effects model was used to combine the overall effect sizes.

Results
The meta-analysis included 15 studies consisting of 11 randomized controlled trials and 4 cohort studies. Triple antibiotics showed better efficacy than dual antibiotics in a comparison of 3 overall outcome indicators (therapeutic failure rate (RR 0.42; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.59 heterogeneity P = 0.29, I2 = 15%), relapse rate (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.45 heterogeneity P = 0.88, I2 = 0%), and overall therapeutic failure rate (RR 0.37; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.48 heterogeneity P = 0.35, I2 = 9%)). The incidence of side effects in patients with brucellosis treated with triple antibiotics was not significantly different from that in brucellosis patients treated with dual antibiotics (RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.06 heterogeneity P = 0.1, I2 = 35%). Sensitivity analyses showed robust results and Peter’s test showed no publication bias. The results of subgroup analyses for the research type, drugs, and type of brucellosis were largely consistent with the overall outcome indicators, indicating the reliability and robustness of the overall results.

Conclusions
In the treatment of brucellosis, triple antibiotics have better efficacy than dual antibiotics and do not increase the incidence of side effects.
Prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer by using a deep learning model with 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Bulut Gülcan , Atilgan Hasan Ikbal , Çınarer Gökalp , Kılıç Kazım , Yıkar Deniz , Parlar Tuba 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
The aim of the study is 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging by using deep learning method are predictive for pathological complete response pCR after Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC).

Introduction
NAC is the standard treatment for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Pathological complete response (pCR) after NAC is considered a good predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).Therefore, there is a need to develop methods that can predict the pCR at the time of diagnosis.

Methods
This article was designed as a retrospective chart study.For the convolutional neural network model, a total of 355 PET/CT images of 31 patients were used. All patients had primary breast surgery after completing NAC.

Results
Pathological complete response was obtained in a total of 9 patients. The study results show that our proposed deep convolutional neural networks model achieved a remarkable success with an accuracy of 84.79% to predict pathological complete response.

Conclusion
It was concluded that deep learning methods can predict breast cancer treatment.