bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ski Mountaineering—Scientific Knowledge of This New Olympic Sport: A Narrative Review
Authors: Schöffl Volker R. , Zimmermann Paul , Küpper Thomas , Lutter Christoph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ski mountaineering (skimo) has been accepted as a new sport for the 2026 Milan-Cortina Olympics. The equipment used in this competitive ski mountaineering varies from leisure ski mountaineering equipment mainly in one point: the minimal weight. At the elite athlete level, skimo demands both maximal endurance performance and a high-intensity anaerobic capacity for the sprint and vertical races. Race time significantly correlates to V˙O2max, body mass index and racing gear mass. Available literature only rarely comments on competitive skimo injuries. Injuries are not only due to falls in downhill skiing but also can result from external hazards, such as avalanches and cold. The high training load of athletes in combination with a low body weight, low body fat, and exposure to cold cause high rates of respiratory infections in athletes. The inclusion of skimo into the Olympic program is expected to result in certain changes, such as higher training loads for the athletes and increased scientific interest into training methods.
The Control of Population Mobility since the Early Pandemic Era to the End of 2021: Lessons from Indonesia
Authors: Ikhsan Edy , Zaluchu Fotarisman 
Published: February 2023

Background. COVID-19 has challenged every country to issue the policy to control its population mobility. This policy paper discusses policies related to controlling population mobility from 2020 to the end of 2021 issued by the government agencies under the authority of the central government in Indonesia. All of these policies are accessed from the official website, then identified, and made into the appropriate categories. Policy and Implications. Mobility control was applied in two periods, namely PSBB (the Large-Scale Social Restrictions) and PPKM (Community Activity Restriction Implementation). This control was carried out strictly, but along with the vaccination program development, the government started to loosen the control depending on the number of cases and the progress of the vaccination program in the country. In the middle of 2021, the government continued to loosen the control by making presentation of the vaccination card mandatory instead of getting the COVID-19 test done. Recommendations Mobility control during PSBB and PPKM in Indonesia has proven successful in controlling the transmission of Covid-19. This initiative may prove to be the best practice to control contagious diseases even in the future. Conclusions This pandemic and its control measures in Indonesia show the strong role of the state in controlling the pandemic, as the health of the population is always the main concern.
Stage 2 Registered Report: Anomalous perception in a Ganzfeld condition - A meta-analysis of more than 40 years investigation
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio E. , Storm Lance 
Published: February 2023

This meta-analysis is an investigation into anomalous perception (i.e., conscious identification of information without any conventional sensorial means). The technique used for eliciting an effect is the ganzfeld condition (a form of sensory homogenization that eliminates distracting peripheral noise). The database consists of studies published between January 1974 and December 2020 inclusive. The overall effect size estimated both with a frequentist and a Bayesian random-effect model, were in close agreement yielding an effect size of .099 (.05-.14). This result passed four publication bias tests and seems not contaminated by questionable research practices. Trend analysis carried out with a cumulative meta-analysis and a meta-regression model with Year of publication as covariate did not indicate a sign of the decline of this effect size. The moderators' analyses show that selected participants' outcomes were almost three times those obtained by non-selected participants and that tasks that simulate telepathic communication show a two-fold effect size with respect to tasks requiring the participants to guess a target. The Stage 1 Registered Report can be accessed here: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24868.3
Prevalence of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and treatment seeking behavior of PKDL patients in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Anand Ballabh , Banjara Megha Raj , Das Murari Lal , Ghale Pragyan , Pant Krishna Raj , Parajuli Niraj , Pyakurel Uttam Raj , Dahal Gokarna Raj , Das Chuman Lal , Kroeger Axel , Aseffa Abraham 
Published: February 2023

Background
In Nepal, the burden of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is not known since there is no active case detection of PKDL by the national programme. PKDL patients could pose a challenge to sustain visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PKDL and assess PKDL patients’ knowledge on VL and PKDL, and stigma associated with PKDL.

Methodology/Principal findings
Household surveys were conducted in 98 VL endemic villages of five districts that reported the highest number of VL cases within 2018–2021. A total of 6,821 households with 40373 individuals were screened for PKDL. Cases with skin lesions were referred to hospitals and examined by dermatologists. Suspected PKDL cases were tested with rK39 and smear microscopy from skin lesions. An integrated diagnostic approach was implemented in two hospitals with a focus on management of leprosy cases where cases with non-leprosy skin lesions were tested for PKDL with rK39. Confirmed PKDL patients were interviewed to assess knowledge and stigma associated with PKDL, using explanatory model interview catalogue (EMIC) with maximum score of 36. Among 147 cases with skin lesions in the survey, 9 (6.12%) were confirmed as PKDL by dermatologists at the hospital. The prevalence of PKDL was 2.23 per 10,000 population. Among these 9 PKDL cases, 5 had a past history of VL and 4 did not. PKDL cases without a past history of VL were detected among the “new foci”, Surkhet but none in Palpa. None of the cases negative for leprosy were positive for PKDL. There was very limited knowledge of PKDL and VL among PKDL cases. PKDL patients suffered to some degree from social and psychological stigma (mean ± s.d. score = 17.89 ± 12.84).

Conclusions/Significance
Strengthening the programme in PKDL case detection and management would probably contribute to sustenance of VL elimination. Awareness raising activities to promote knowledge and reduce social stigma should be conducted in VL endemic areas.
Nurse-assisted and multidisciplinary outpatient follow-up among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis: A systematic review
Authors: O’Connell Malene Barfod , Bendtsen Flemming , Nørholm Vibeke , Brødsgaard Anne , Kimer Nina 
Published: February 2023

Background and objectiveLiver cirrhosis represents a considerable health burden and causes 1.2 million deaths annually. Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis have a poor prognosis and severely reduced health-related quality of life. Nurse-led outpatient care has proven safe and feasible for several chronic diseases and engaging nurses in the outpatient care of patients with liver cirrhosis has been recommended. At the decompensated stage, the treatment and nursing care are directed at specific complications, educational support, and guidance concerning preventive measures and signs of decompensation. This review aimed to assess the effects of nurse-assisted follow-up after admission with decompensation in patients with liver cirrhosis from all causes.MethodA systematic search was conducted through February 2022. Studies were eligible for inclusion if i) they assessed adult patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis that had been admitted with one or more complications to liver cirrhosis and ii) if nurse-assisted follow-up, including nurse-assisted multidisciplinary interventions, was described in the manuscript. Randomized clinical trials were prioritized, but controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with the intervention were also included. Primary outcomes were mortality and readmission, but secondary subjective outcomes were also assessed.Results and conclusionWe included eleven controlled studies and five prospective studies with a historical control group comprising 1224 participants. Overall, the studies were of moderate to low quality, and heterogeneity across studies was substantial. In a descriptive summary, the 16 studies were divided into three main types of interventions: educational interventions, case management, and standardized hospital follow-up. We saw a significant improvement across all types of studies on several parameters, but currently, no data support a specific type of nurse-assisted, post-discharge intervention. Controlled trials with a predefined intervention evaluating clinically- and practice-relevant endpoints in a real-life, patient-oriented setting are highly warranted.
Polymorphism of NOS3 gene and its association with essential hypertension in Guizhou populations of China
Authors: Li Ruichao , Zhao Ansu , Diao Xiaoyan , Song Juhui , Wang Chanjuan , Li Yanhong , Qi Xiaolan , Guan Zhizhong , Zhang Ting , He Yan 
Published: February 2023

Objective
A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in the Han, Miao, and Buyi populations in Guizhou China.

Methods
DNA was collected from the blood samples of 353 essential hypertension patients and 342 healthy controls from Guizhou province of China. Eight polymorphisms of the NOS3 gene were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. For genetic analysis, SPSS 26.0, Haploview, SNPStats, SHEsis, and MDR were utilized.

Results
All SNPs (rs11771443, rs1808593, rs753482, rs3918186, rs3918188, rs3918227, rs7830, and rs891512) satisfied the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (P > 0.05). The allele and genotype frequencies of rs7830 and rs1808593 in case-control groups demonstrated significant differences (P < 0.05). Compared to the TT genotype of rs1808593, the TG or GG genotype reduced the risk of hypertension in the Miao population (OR = 0.410, 95% CI: 0.218–0.770, P = 0.006). Compared to the GG or GT genotype of rs7830, the TT genotype increased the risk of hypertension in the overall populations (OR = 1.716, 95%CI: 1.139–2.586, P = 0.010). The CATT (rs3918227-rs391818186-rs1808593-rs7830) haplotype was a risk factor for hypertension in the Miao and Han populations (OR = 1.471, 95%CI: 1.010–2.143, P = 0.044 and OR = 1.692, 95%CI: 1.124–2.545, P = 0.011). The CAGG haplotype in the Miao population was a protective factor against hypertension (OR = 0.555, 95%CI: 0.330–0.934, P = 0.025). The rs3918188, rs1808593, and rs7830 in the Miao population showed an interaction effect on hypertension (P < 0.001). The rs11771443, rs3918188, and rs7830 in the Buyi and Han populations showed an interaction effect on hypertension (P = 0.013 and P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1808593 and rs7830 of NOS3 gene are associated with essential hypertension in Guizhou ethnic populations.
Clinical and imagenologic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Cabanillas-Lazo Miguel , Cruzalegui-Bazán Claudia , Pascual-Guevara Milagros , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Terry-Escalante Fernando Andres , Mori Nicanor , Alva-Díaz Carlos 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundRecently, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has become a biomarker for assessing inflammatory stress and prognosis in different diseases.ObjectiveWe aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the current evidence on the capacity of the NLR to serve as a biomarker in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).MethodsThrough a comprehensive systematic search up to December 2021 and using the search terms "neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio" and "neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder" we selected studies evaluating NLR values in NMOSD patients. A meta-analysis was planned, and a narrative synthesis was performed when this was not possible. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were planned. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to assess certainty of the evidence.ResultsSix studies were included (1036 patients). A significant increase in the NLR was observed between NMOSD patients and healthy controls with high heterogeneity (MD: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.76; 1.32; I2= 59%). Regarding NMOSD prognosis, relapse (OR: 1.33 –OR: 2.14) was evaluated as being related to NLR with low certainty. An association with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≥4 (OR: 1.23 –OR: 1.43) was reported with moderate certainty. An association with the occurrence of lesions on MRI was reported with an OR of 1.52.ConclusionWe found the NLR to be useful as a biomarker of NMOSD as it was significantly increased in the patient group compared to the healthy control group with high certainty. Additionally, the NLR was applicable as an indicator of poor prognosis with low to moderate certainty.
Microscopic vascular invasion may not be associated with survival of patients undergoing resection for solitary hepatoma of ≤ 2 cm
Authors: Li Wei-Feng , Liu Yueh-Wei , Wang Chih-Chi , Yong Chee-Chien , Lin Chih-Che , Yen Yi-Hao 
Published: February 2023

Background/objective
To determine the impact of microvascular invasion (MVI) on outcome in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of ≤ 2 cm undergoing liver resection (LR).

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled consecutive patients between 2007–2019 with newly diagnosed solitary HCC ≤ 2 cm who were undergoing LR at our institution. Overall survival (OS) and recurrent-free survival (RFS) were compared between patients with or without MVI.

Results
Of the 229 patients included in this study, 71 had MVI. The median follow-up period was 28.8 months (interquartile range: 13.5–70.1). Although the 90-day mortality rate was 0, 18 deaths occurred during the study, and the 5-year survival rate was 87.1%. Tumor recurrence occurred in 45 cases, and 5-year RFS was 71.9%. The presence or absence of MVI did not significantly affect the OS and RFS rates (log rank test, p = 0.10 and 0.38, respectively). In univariate and multivariate analysis, the presence of MVI was not associated with OS and RFS.

Conclusion
The presence of MVI was not associated with OS and RFS in patients with solitary HCC ≤ 2 cm who underwent LR in this cohort.
A machine learning approach identifies distinct early-symptom cluster phenotypes which correlate with hospitalization, failure to return to activities, and prolonged COVID-19 symptoms
Authors: Epsi Nusrat J. , Powers John H. , Lindholm David A. , Mende Katrin , Malloy Allison , Ganesan Anuradha , Huprikar Nikhil , Lalani Tahaniyat , Smith Alfred , Mody Rupal M. , Jones Milissa U. , Bazan Samantha E. , Colombo Rhonda E. , Colombo Christopher J. , Ewers Evan C. , Larson Derek T. , Berjohn Catherine M. , Maldonado Carlos J. , Blair Paul W. , Chenoweth Josh , Saunders David L. , Livezey Jeffrey , Maves Ryan C. , Sanchez Edwards Margaret , Rozman Julia S. , Simons Mark P. , Tribble David R. , Agan Brian K. , Burgess Timothy H. , Pollett Simon D. ,   for the EPICC COVID-19 Cohort Study Group
Published: February 2023

Background
Accurate COVID-19 prognosis is a critical aspect of acute and long-term clinical management. We identified discrete clusters of early stage-symptoms which may delineate groups with distinct disease severity phenotypes, including risk of developing long-term symptoms and associated inflammatory profiles.

Methods
1,273 SARS-CoV-2 positive U.S. Military Health System beneficiaries with quantitative symptom scores (FLU-PRO Plus) were included in this analysis. We employed machine-learning approaches to identify symptom clusters and compared risk of hospitalization, long-term symptoms, as well as peak CRP and IL-6 concentrations.

Results
We identified three distinct clusters of participants based on their FLU-PRO Plus symptoms: cluster 1 (“Nasal cluster”) is highly correlated with reporting runny/stuffy nose and sneezing, cluster 2 (“Sensory cluster”) is highly correlated with loss of smell or taste, and cluster 3 (“Respiratory/Systemic cluster”) is highly correlated with the respiratory (cough, trouble breathing, among others) and systemic (body aches, chills, among others) domain symptoms. Participants in the Respiratory/Systemic cluster were twice as likely as those in the Nasal cluster to have been hospitalized, and 1.5 times as likely to report that they had not returned-to-activities, which remained significant after controlling for confounding covariates (P < 0.01). Respiratory/Systemic and Sensory clusters were more likely to have symptoms at six-months post-symptom-onset (P = 0.03). We observed higher peak CRP and IL-6 in the Respiratory/Systemic cluster (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
We identified early symptom profiles potentially associated with hospitalization, return-to-activities, long-term symptoms, and inflammatory profiles. These findings may assist in patient prognosis, including prediction of long COVID risk.
Interventions for depression and anxiety among people with diabetes mellitus: Review of systematic reviews
Authors: Franquez Reginaldo Tavares , de Souza Isabela Muniz , Bergamaschi Cristiane de Cássia 
Published: February 2023

This review of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials summarized the available evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of interventions to treat depression and/or anxiety in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The sources of information searched were the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS, until up to December 1st, 2022. The interventions were compared with placebo, active control or usual care. The measured primary outcomes were improvement in depression and anxiety remission, reduction of diabetes-specific emotional distress; and improvement in quality of life. Two reviewers, independently, selected the reviews, extracted their data, and assessed their methodological quality using AMSTAR-2. A narrative synthesis of the findings was performed, according to the type of intervention and type of diabetes. Thirteen systematic reviews that included 28,307 participants were analyzed. The reviews had at least one critical methodological flaw. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy improved the mainly depression, glycemic values (n = 5 reviews) and anxiety (n = 1), in adults and elderly with diabetes. Collaborative care (n = 2) and health education (n = 1) improved depression and glycemic values, in adults with diabetes. Pharmacological treatment (n = 2) improved depression outcomes only. The quality of the evidence was low to moderate, when reported. The interventions reported in literature and mainly the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be effective to treat people with diabetes and depression; however, some findings must be confirmed. This study can guide patients, their caregivers and health professionals in making decisions concerning the use of these interventions in the mental healthcare of people with diabetes.
Protocol Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021224587).
Total delay and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Ereso Berhane Megerssa , Sagbakken Mette , Gradmann Christoph , Yimer Solomon Abebe 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundDelays in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) increases severity of illness and continued transmission of TB in the community. Understanding the magnitude and factors associated with total delay is imperative to expedite case detection and treatment of TB. The aim of this study was to determine the length and analyze factors associated with total delay.MethodsAnalytic cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. All newly diagnosed TB patients > 15 years of age were included from randomly selected eight districts and one town in the study area. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. The median total delay was used to dichotomize the sample into delayed and non-delayed patient categories. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the association between independent and outcome variables. A p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 1,161 patients were included in this study. The median total delay was 35 days. Patients who had swelling or wound in the neck region were more likely to be delayed than their counterpart [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62, 5.62]. Women were more likely to experience longer total delay (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI:1.00, 2.14) compared to men. Patients who had poor knowledge of TB were more likely to be delayed compared to those who had good knowledge (AOR = 3.92, 95% CI: 2.65, 5.80).ConclusionThe present study showed long total delay in diagnosis and treatment of TB. Targeted interventions that enhance TB knowledge and practice, expedite early suspect identification, referral and management of all forms of TB is imperative to reduce total delay in diagnosis and treatment of TB.
Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Ethiopia
Authors: Muluneh Mitiku Wale 
Published: February 2023

Background
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the most cost-effective intervention to reduce infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is crucial since human milk contains nutrients, living cells, and defensive factors which enable infants to have better immunity, physical and mental development. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the predictors of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Ethiopia using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data.

Methods
EDHS 2016 data were used for the analysis. A total of 1,066 mothers were included in the analysis. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of EBF practice among mothers. The result presented using adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval.

Results
The prevalence of EBF was 58% of infants under age 6 months. Mothers age 25–34 (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.31–2.32), child age 4–5 months (AOR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.66–0.84), married marital status (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.06–1.50), mothers attained secondary education or higher (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.54–2.58), husband attained secondary education or higher (AOR = 1.70; 1.39–2.13), richer wealth index (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.18–0.69), accessed to the media (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.38–2.27), number of living children 3–4 (AOR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.25–0.95), health facility (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.09–3.20), rural residence (AOR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.49–0.89) and mothers living in Afar (AOR = 100.2; 95% CI 15.68–640.61), Somali (AOR = 52.65; 95% CI 8.48–326.77), SNNPR (AOR = 6.94; 95% CI 1.05–45.79), Harari (AOR = 61.94; 95% CI 9.75–393.44), Addis Ababa (AOR = 13.07; 95% CI 2.06–82.99), and Dire Dawa (AOR = 28.91; 95% CI 4.38–190.86) were associated with EBF practice.

Conclusions
The practice of exclusive breastfeeding remains low in Ethiopia. Therefore, the stakeholders should be taken into consideration those determinant factors identified in this study in policies and programmes to increase EBF practice among mothers. Moreover, designing and implementing specific strategies to enhance the rate of exclusive breastfeeding practices through community-based education is recommended.