The role of homocystein in the progression of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Rasulova Z D , Shaikhova U R , Valizhanova Z I , Kurbanova G A , Umarova U R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): grant research
A number of studies have shown a relationship between the progression of atherosclerosis and atherocalcinosis and an increase in homocysteine levels.
The purpose of the study: to evaluate the role of homocysteine (HC) in the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Material and methods
150 persons aged 40-70 were examined. When assessing cardiovascular risk (CVR), an updated SCORE algorithm was used - SCORE2 - the risk of death and fatal cases of CVD. The patients were divided into groups: group 1 consisted of persons with low and moderate cardiovascular risk (56 patients), group 2 - with high cardiovascular risk (47), and group 3 - persons with very high cardiovascular risk, but without coronary diseases (8 patients), group 4 - 49 patients with diagnosed coronary diseases. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals. The examination included: assessment of hemodynamic parameters (BP), indicators of lipid metabolism (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low density (LDL), determination of homocysteine levels by a biochemical method.

Results
According to the results of our study, there was a tendency to increase the level of total cholesterol, LDL in people with low and moderate risk, with a significant increase in people with high CVR by 12.5% (p&lt;0.05), 26% (p&lt;0.001); in persons with very high CVR without coronary CVD by 15.1% (p&lt;0.05), 32% (p&lt;0.001); in persons with very high cardiovascular risk with coronary CVD by 13.4% (p&lt;0.05), 20.8% (p&lt;0.05), respectively, compared with the control group.
The level of homocysteine in the blood fluctuates around 10–11 µmol/l. According to a number of authors, the level of homocysteine in the blood plasma is 5–15 µmol / L. Hyperhomocysteinemia is diagnosed when the level of homocysteine in the blood exceeds 15 µmol/L. The results of our study showed an increase in serum homocysteine levels with significant values in patients with very high CVR in groups 3 and 4 with an increase of 35.8% (p&lt;0.05) and 39.7% (p&lt;0.05) respectively, compared with the indicators of the control group and in patients with CVD in group 4 was 15.5±7.2 µmol/l. The results of our study confirm the role of hyperhomocysteinemia as a marker of CVD - in patients with pathology of the cardiovascular system, there is a tendency to hyperhomocysteinemia. Also, the revealed dependence of the level of hyperhomocysteinemia with the level of CVR draws attention. A direct correlation was found between the level of homocysteine and low density lipoproteins (r = 0.76).
Сonclusion. Thus, according to the results of our study, it was noted that in the group of very high cardiovascular risk in groups 3 and 4, an increase in the level of homocysteine was detected in group 4 with hyperhomocysteinemia with a level of 15.5±7.2 µmol/l. The dependence of the level of hyperhomocysteinemia with the level of CVR and LDL was revealed.