bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What taxpayers, governments and tax economists do – and what they should do
Authors: Slemrod Joel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe distinction between positive economics – describing economic programmes, situations and conditions as they exist – and normative economics – prescribing policies – has a long history. It is an especially important distinction in public economics, which by its nature concerns the actions of government. In this essay, I consider how two relatively recent developments in tax economics alter, blur or at least complicate the classic distinctions between positive and normative economics. The two developments I address are the insights generated by the study of behavioural economics and increased attention to tax evasion and tax enforcement. I organise my thoughts by addressing how three sets of actors central to public finance actually behave and should behave – taxpayers, governments and tax economists. I argue that tax economics should take seriously the substantial presence of behavioural anomalies and tax evasion, and that it has already begun to do so. I suggest some directions this effort might profitably take.
Impact of α‐tocopherol and EGCG on the oxidative stability of margarine: Exploring the possible synergistic effect mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xueyi , Pei Wenjun , Guo Yiwen , Cao Minjie , Karrar Emad , Tang Lin , Li Kangning , Chang Ming , Liu Ruijie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMargarine is a typical water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsion fat product. Due to the presence of a water‐oil interface, the oil oxidation in the emulsion system is the interface reaction, which is much faster than that in bulk oil and shows different oxidation mechanisms. The analysis of Rancimat and electron spin resonance indicated that α‐tocopherol and EGCG show synergistic antioxidant effects in the margarine. After 20 days of accelerated oxidation storage, the antioxidant effect of the compound antioxidant (50 mg/kg α‐tocopherol + 350 mg/kg EGCG) on the margarine was significantly higher than that of the single antioxidant α‐tocopherol and EGCG. Based on the results of antioxidants partitioning, electrochemistry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and the oxidative decomposition of antioxidants, the possible mechanisms of interaction were the promotion of α‐tocopherol regeneration by EGCG, and the fact that α‐tocopherol and EGCG could act at different stages and positions of oxidation. This work will contribute to studying antioxidant interactions and can provide valuable suggestions for practical production.Practical ApplicationThis study aims to improve the oxidative stability of margarine by adding α‐tocopherol and epigallocatechin‐gallate (EGCG) individually and in blends. The mechanism of compound antioxidant synergistic inhibition of margarine oxidation was analyzed, providing theoretical basis and scientific basis for the research and practical application of natural antioxidant synergistic mechanism.
Developmental origins of diabetes mellitus: Environmental epigenomics and emerging patterns
Authors: Zhu Hong , Ding Guolian , Liu Xinmei , Huang Hefeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMounting epidemiological evidence indicates that environmental exposures in early life have roles in diabetes susceptibility in later life. Additionally, environmentally induced diabetic susceptibility could be transmitted to subsequent generations. Epigenetic modifications provide a potential association with the environmental factors and altered gene expression that might cause disease phenotypes. Here, we bring the increasing evidence that environmental exposures early in development are linked to diabetes through epigenetic modifications. This review first summarizes the epigenetic targets, including metastable epialleles and imprinting genes, by which the environmental factors can modify the epigenome. Then we review the epigenetics changes in response to environmental challenge during critical developmental windows, gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and fetal and postnatal period, with the specific example of diabetic susceptibility. Although the mechanisms are still largely unknown, especially in humans, the new research methods are now gradually available, and the animal models can provide more in‐depth study of mechanisms. These have implications for investigating the link of the phenomena to human diabetes, providing a new perspective on environmentally triggered diabetes risk.
A toolbox to explore the composition of species dynamics behind multi‐species indices
Authors: Rigal Stanislas , Knape Jonas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In the light of declining biodiversity, monitoring its fate is essential for conservation strategies. Aggregation of temporal change of different species into multi‐species indices such as geometric means makes it possible to identify species groups that are at risk as well as those that are doing well. However, aggregated indices mask the between‐species variability in the temporal trajectories, which could be of high relevance for conservation actions.

We propose a toolbox, available as an r package, to investigate compositions of species dynamics in geometric mean multi‐species indices. The toolbox is based on a dynamic factor analysis which uses species dynamics and their uncertainty to (1) identify common latent trends in those species dynamics, (2) display the variability of species dynamics and (3) extract clusters of species with similar dynamics within the species groups used for the indices.

We apply the toolbox to common breeding birds in Sweden and explore the variability in dynamics among species included in EU‐official indices for farmland and woodland species, highlighting clusters of species with related dynamics previously hidden by averaging.

The toolbox is designed to be applicable to a wide range of ecological monitoring data. By enabling a deeper exploration of the structure behind existing indices, we may refine our understanding of biodiversity change to better inform subsequent conservation policies.
Estimating process‐based model parameters from species distribution data using the evolutionary algorithm CMA‐ES
Authors: Van der Meersch Victor , Chuine Isabelle 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Two main types of species distribution models are used to project species range shifts in future climatic conditions: correlative and process‐based models. Although there is some continuity between these two types of models, they are fundamentally different in their hypotheses (statistical relationships vs. mechanistic relationships) and their calibration methods (SDMs tend to be occurrence data driven while PBMs tend to be prior driven).

One of the limitations to the use of process‐based models is the difficulty to parameterize them for a large number of species compared to correlative SDMs. We investigated the feasibility of using an evolutionary algorithm (called covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy, CMA‐ES) to calibrate process‐based models using species distribution data. This method is well established in some fields (robotics, aerodynamics, etc.), but has never been used, to our knowledge, in ecology, despite its ability to deal with very large space dimensions. Using tree species occurrence data across Europe, we adapted the CMA‐ES algorithm to find appropriate values of model parameters. We estimated simultaneously 27–77 parameters of two process‐based models simulating forest tree's ecophysiology for three species with varying range sizes and geographical distributions.

CMA‐ES provided parameter estimates leading to better prediction of species distribution than parameter estimates based on expert knowledge. Our results also revealed that some model parameters and processes were strongly dependent, and different parameter combinations could therefore lead to high model accuracy.

We conclude that CMA‐ES is an efficient state‐of‐the‐art method to calibrate process‐based models with a large number of parameters using species occurrence data. Inverse modelling using CMA‐ES is a powerful method to calibrate process‐based parameters which can hardly be measured. However, the method does not warranty that parameter estimates are correct because of several sources of bias, similarly to correlative models, and expert knowledge is required to validate results.
Rescue of neurogenesis and age‐associated cognitive decline in SAMP8 mouse: Role of transforming growth factor‐alpha
Authors: Gómez‐Oliva Ricardo , Martínez‐Ortega Sergio , Atienza‐Navarro Isabel , Domínguez‐García Samuel , Bernal‐Utrera Carlos , Geribaldi‐Doldán Noelia , Verástegui Cristina , Ezzanad Abdellah , Hernández‐Galán Rosario , Nunez‐Abades Pedro , Garcia‐Alloza Monica , Castro Carmen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeuropathological aging is associated with memory impairment and cognitive decline, affecting several brain areas including the neurogenic niche of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG). In the healthy brain, homeostatic mechanisms regulate neurogenesis within the DG to facilitate the continuous generation of neurons from neural stem cells (NSC). Nevertheless, aging reduces the number of activated neural stem cells and diminishes the number of newly generated neurons. Strategies that promote neurogenesis in the DG may improve cognitive performance in the elderly resulting in the development of treatments to prevent the progression of neurological disorders in the aged population. Our work is aimed at discovering targeting molecules to be used in the design of pharmacological agents that prevent the neurological effects of brain aging. We study the effect of age on hippocampal neurogenesis using the SAMP8 mouse as a model of neuropathological aging. We show that in 6‐month‐old SAMP8 mice, episodic and spatial memory are impaired; concomitantly, the generation of neuroblasts and neurons is reduced and the generation of astrocytes is increased in this model. The novelty of our work resides in the fact that treatment of SAMP8 mice with a transforming growth factor‐alpha (TGFα) targeting molecule prevents the observed defects, positively regulating neurogenesis and improving cognitive performance. This compound facilitates the release of TGFα in vitro and in vivo and activates signaling pathways initiated by this growth factor. We conclude that compounds of this kind that stimulate neurogenesis may be useful to counteract the neurological effects of pathological aging.
Early psychomotor therapy in very preterm infants does not improve Bayley‐III scales at 2 years
Authors: Alberge Corine , Ehlinger Virginie , Noack Nathalie , Bolzoni Catherine , Colombié Bruno , Breinig Sophie , Dicky Odile , Delobel Malika , Arnaud Catherine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy of post‐hospital psychomotor therapy in the development of very preterm infants at nine and 24 months.MethodsWe conducted a randomised controlled study at Toulouse Children's Hospital between 2008 and 2014 among preterm infants aged under 30 weeks. All infants in both groups could benefitt from physiotherapy to prevent motor disorders. The intervention group received 20 early post‐hospital psychomotor therapy sessions. The development was assessed by the Bayley Scale Infant Development at nine and 24 months.ResultsThe intervention and control group contained 77 and 84 infants, respectively, with 57 infants in each group undergoing assessment at 24 months. Boys accounted for 56% of the population. Median gestational age was 28 weeks, range 25–29. The development scores at 24 months did not significantly differ between the randomisation groups. At 9 months, we observed improvements in global motricity (mean difference 0.9 point, p = 0.04) and fine motricity for the subgroup containing educationally underserved mothers (mean difference 1.6 point, p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in neuromotor functioning between the two groups.ConclusionThe benefits of psychomotor therapy were short‐lived and did not persist post‐intervention. Our results and this organisational model encouraged us to persevere towards similar multi‐professional care.
Thrivers, survivors or exiteers: A longitudinal, interpretative phenomenological analysis of the post‐return‐to‐work journeys for workers with common mental disorders
Authors: Nielsen Karina , Yarker Jo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe research on return to work for workers with common mental disorders has primarily focused on the pre‐return journey. Relapses and recurrent sick leaves are prevalent and call for research on how we can support workers stay and thrive at work after long‐term sickness absence due to common mental disorders. In the present study, we used Longitudinal Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore the experiences of returned workers' post‐return journey and the barriers and facilitators to staying and thriving at work. We conducted monthly semistructured interviews with seven returned workers over a period of 4 months. We identified three post‐return trajectories: the thrivers, the survivors and the exiteers. We identified 10 higher order themes and 13 subthemes that influenced these trajectories. At the individual level, wanting to make a valuable contribution and job crafting facilitated a sustainable return. At the group level, we identified social support as a facilitator. At the leader level, line managers making work adjustments and recognising workers as valuable were important, whereas a lack of understanding and conflicts with senior management posed as barriers. At the overarching level, the media influenced organisational values. Our findings have important implications for how organisations can facilitate a whole systems approach to support returned workers and prevent sickness absence reoccurrence and job loss.
Liberal–democratic values and philosophers' beliefs about moral expertise
Authors: Niv Yarden , Sulitzeanu‐Kenan Raanan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the discipline of bioethics has grown rapidly, as has the practice of ethical consultation. Interestingly, this new recognition of the relevance of moral philosophy to our daily life has been accompanied by skepticism among philosophers regarding the existence of moral expertise or the benefits of philosophical training. In his recent article in Bioethics, William R. Smith suggested that this skepticism is rooted in philosophers' belief that moral expertise is inconsistent with liberal–democratic values, when in fact they are compatible. In this paper, we provide a unique opportunity to empirically examine Smith's observation by utilizing and extending global data on philosophers' beliefs about moral expertise, involving 4087 philosophers from 96 countries. Our findings support Smith's theoretical observation and show that societal levels of support for liberal–democratic values are associated with greater skepticism about moral expertise. We suggest that these findings might be explained by the cognitive process of motivated reasoning and an invalid inference of “is” from “ought.” Consequently, the potential tension between moral expertise and liberal–democratic values is invalidly used for rejecting the existence of moral expertise, while its main and valid implication is for how moral expertise should be applied in liberal–democratic settings.
Resistance to vincristine in DLBCL by disruption of p53‐induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis mediated by KIF18B and USP28
Authors: Rovsing Anne Bruun , Thomsen Emil Aagaard , Nielsen Ian , Skov Thomas Wisbech , Luo Yonglun , Dybkær Karen , Mikkelsen Jacob Giehm 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe frontline therapy R‐CHOP for patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has remained unchanged for two decades despite numerous Phase III clinical trials investigating new alternatives. Multiple large studies have uncovered genetic subtypes of DLBCL enabling a targeted approach. To further pave the way for precision oncology, we perform genome‐wide CRISPR screening to uncover the cellular response to one of the components of R‐CHOP, vincristine, in the DLBCL cell line SU‐DHL‐5. We discover important pathways and subnetworks using gene‐set enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction networks and identify genes related to mitotic spindle organization that are essential during vincristine treatment. The inhibition of KIF18A, a mediator of chromosome alignment, using the small molecule inhibitor BTB‐1 causes complete cell death in a synergistic manner when administered together with vincristine. We also identify the genes KIF18B and USP28 of which CRISPR/Cas9‐directed knockout induces vincristine resistance across two DLBCL cell lines. Mechanistic studies show that lack of KIF18B or USP28 counteracts a vincristine‐induced p53 response suggesting that resistance to vincristine has origin in the mitotic surveillance pathway (USP28‐53BP1‐p53). Collectively, our CRISPR screening data uncover potential drug targets and mechanisms behind vincristine resistance, which may support the development of future drug regimens.
Patch testing hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool in consecutive patients—Results of the IVDK 2018–2020
Authors: Schubert Steffen , Geier Johannes , Brans Richard , Heratizadeh Annice , Kränke Birger , Schnuch Axel , Bauer Andrea , Dickel Heinrich , Buhl Timo , Vieluf Dieter , Wagner Nicola , Worm Margitta ,   for the IVDK
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHydroperoxides of limonene (Lim‐OOHs) and linalool (Lin‐OOHs) are potent contact sensitizers.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of positive patch test (PT) reactions to Lim‐OOHs and Lin‐OOHs in consecutive patients, their demographic factors and concomitant reactions.MethodsBetween 7/2018 and 12/2020, Lim‐OOHs 0.3% pet. and Lin‐OOHs 1% pet. were patch tested in 5511 consecutive patients. We assessed PT reactivity and analysed data from patients with either positive or negative PTs to Lim‐OOHs and Lin‐OOHs.ResultsPositive PT results to Lim‐OOHs (n = 170, 3.1%) and Lin‐OOHs (n = 483, 8.8%) were frequent. Most of the positive reactions were weak (LimOOHs n = 134/LinOOHs n = 429), and even more frequently, doubtful (n = 252/n = 578) or irritant reactions (n = 81/n = 178) were documented. PT reactivity to Lim‐OOHs and Lin‐OOHs was increased in patients with irritant reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). The proportion of leg dermatitis and concomitant positive reactions to fragrances and essential oils was increased in patients with reactivity to these hydroperoxides.ConclusionThe observed reaction pattern suggests that both test preparations display an irritant potential with an increased risk of false positive reactions. Preparations should be chemically monitored in order to reduce irritancy. Mindful interpretation of PT results and aimed patch testing of lower concentrations is recommended.
Generation of stable integration‐free pig induced pluripotent stem cells under chemically defined culture condition
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Wang Fengchong , Gao Dengfeng , Gao Jie , Li Guilin , Jiao Deling , Zhu Gaoxiang , Xu Kaixiang , Guo Jianxiong , Chen Tianzhi , Cao Suying , Zhi Minglei , Zhang Jinying , Wang Yingjie , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Danru , Yao Yixuan , Song Jian , Wei Hong‐Jiang , Han Jianyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGenome integration‐free pig induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) bring tremendous value in pre‐clinical testing of regenerative medicine, as well as conservation and exploitation of endangered or rare local pig idioplasmatic resources. However, due to a lack of appropriate culture medium, efficient induction and stable maintenance of pig iPSCs with practical value remains challenging. Here, we established an efficient induction system for exogenous gene‐independent iPSCs under chemically defined culture condition previously used for generation of stable pig pre‐gastrulation epiblast stem cells (pgEpiSCs). WNT suppression was found to play an essential role in establishment of exogenous gene‐independent iPSCs. Strikingly, stable integration‐free pig iPSCs could be established from pig somatic cells using episomal vectors in this culture condition. The iPSCs had pluripotency features and transcriptome characteristics approximating pgEpiSCs. More importantly, this induction system may be used to generate integration‐free iPSCs from elderly disabled rare local pig somatic cells and the iPSCs could be gene‐edited and used as donor cells for nuclear transfer. Our results provide novel insights into potential applications for genetic breeding of livestock species and pre‐clinical evaluation of regenerative medicine.
A leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) pathway biomarker characterization study in patients with Parkinson's disease with and without LRRK2 mutations and healthy controls
Authors: Vissers Maurits F. J. M. , Troyer Matthew D. , Thijssen Eva , Pereira Diana R. , Heuberger | Jules A. A. C. , Groeneveld Geert Jan , Huntwork‐Rodriguez Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIncreased leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) kinase activity is an established risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), and several LRRK2 kinase inhibitors are in clinical development as potential novel disease‐modifying therapeutics. This biomarker characterization study explored within‐ and between‐subject variability of multiple LRRK2 pathway biomarkers (total LRRK2 [tLRRK2], phosphorylation of the serine 935 (Ser935) residue on LRRK2 [pS935], phosphorylation of Rab10 [pRab10], and total Rab10 [tRab10]) in different biological sources (whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs], neutrophils) as candidate human target engagement and pharmacodynamic biomarkers for implementation in phase I/II pharmacological studies of LRRK2 inhibitors. PD patients with a LRRK2 mutation (n = 6), idiopathic PD patients (n = 6), and healthy matched control subjects (n = 10) were recruited for repeated blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling split over 2 days. Within‐subject variability (geometric coefficient of variation [CV], %) of these biomarkers was lowest in whole blood and neutrophils (range: 12.64%–51.32%) and considerably higher in PBMCs (range: 34.81%–273.88%). Between‐subject variability displayed a similar pattern, with relatively lower variability in neutrophils (range: 61.30%–66.26%) and whole blood (range: 44.94%–123.11%), and considerably higher variability in PBMCs (range: 189.60%–415.19%). Group‐level differences were observed with elevated mean pRab10 levels in neutrophils and a reduced mean pS935/tLRRK2 ratio in PBMCs in PD LRRK2‐mutation carriers compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that the evaluated biomarkers and assays could be used to verify pharmacological mechanisms of action and help explore the dose–response of LRRK2 inhibitors in early‐phase clinical studies. In addition, comparable α‐synuclein aggregation in CSF was observed in LRRK2‐mutation carriers compared to idiopathic PD patients.
Effect of obesity on venous blood flow in the lower limbs
Authors: Langan Ewan A. , Wienandt Malte , Bayer Andreas , Ellebrecht Lena , Kahle Birgit 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBackground and objectivesAlthough obesity is a recognized risk factor for the development of lower limb venous disease, less attention has been paid to objectively measuring the effect of centripetal obesity on blood flow in the lower limbs.Patients and methodsThe diameter of lower limb veins and venous blood flow were measured in 44 patients (65.6 ± 12.5 years, 25 females, 19 males) with centripetal obesity and chronic venous disease.ResultsThe mean diameter of both common femoral veins (CFV) increased significantly in the semi‐supine position following elevation of the panniculus (right: ∆0.73 ± 1.21 mm; p ≤ 0.001, left: ∆1.16 ± 1.42 mm; p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant increase in venous flow volume in the left CFV (∆62.96 ± 117.85 ml/min; p = 0.001). Similarly, there was an increase in the diameter of left great saphenous vein (∆0.24 ± 0.41 mm; p = 0.002), measured at the mid‐thigh, when the patient lifted their abdominal panniculus. Finally, the grade of obesity correlated with the extent of the venous disease.ConclusionsThese data provide preliminary evidence that centripetal obesity results in both structural and hemodynamic changes in the lower limb veins, even in the absence of classical reflux.