bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRYOWRF—Model Evaluation and the Effect of Blowing Snow on the Antarctic Surface Mass Balance
Authors: Gerber Franziska , Sharma Varun , Lehning Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe surface mass balance (SMB) of large polar ice sheets and of snow and ice surfaces in general are incompletely understood because of the complexity of processes involved. One such process, drifting and blowing snow, has only been considered in a very simplified way in current meteorological and climatological models. To address this problem, the CRYOWRF model has been developed, a coupled model between the meteorological Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and the snow model SNOWPACK, augmented by a detailed treatment of drifting and blowing snow. Applying CRYOWRF to the SMB of Antarctica, we find that the model reproduces measurements of SMB with similar errors than current models. Drifting and blowing snow and its sublimation play a particularly important role, especially in regions of strong katabatic winds. The CRYOWRF simulations are also in line with satellite estimates of blowing snow frequency. There is a need to further consolidate results by simulations with a higher grid resolution and by including more measurements of SMB contributions from snow fall to transport and sublimation.
In Situ Estimation of Erosion Model Parameters Using an Advection‐Diffusion Model and Bayesian Inversion
Authors: Edge W. C. , Rayson M. D. , Jones N. L. , Ivey G. N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe describe a framework for the simultaneous estimation of model parameters in a partial differential equation using sparse observations. Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling is used in a Bayesian framework to estimate posterior probability distributions for each parameter. We describe the necessary components of this approach and its broad potential for application in models of unsteady processes. The framework is applied to three case studies, of increasing complexity, from the field of cohesive sediment transport. We demonstrate that the framework can be used to recover posterior distributions for all parameters of interest and the results agree well with independent estimates (where available). We also demonstrate how the framework can be used to compare different model parameterizations and provide information on the covariance between model parameters.
Drift of Earth's Pole Confirms Groundwater Depletion as a Significant Contributor to Global Sea Level Rise 1993–2010
Authors: Seo Ki‐Weon , Ryu Dongryeol , Eom Jooyoung , Jeon Taewhan , Kim Jae‐Seung , Youm Kookhyoun , Chen Jianli , Wilson Clark R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate model estimates show significant groundwater depletion during the 20th century, consistent with global mean sea level (GMSL) budget analysis. However, prior to the Argo float era, in the early 2000’s, there is little information about steric sea level contributions to GMSL, making the role of groundwater depletion in this period less certain. We show that a useful constraint is found in observed polar motion (PM). In the period 1993–2010, we find that predicted PM excitation trends estimated from various sources of surface mass loads and the estimated glacial isostatic adjustment agree very well with the observed. Among many contributors to the PM excitation trend, groundwater storage changes are estimated to be the second largest (4.36 cm/yr) toward 64.16°E. Neglecting groundwater effects, the predicted trend differs significantly from the observed. PM observations may also provide a tool for studying historical continental scale water storage variations.
A Mosaic of the Inner Heliosphere: Three Carrington Rotations During the Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions Interval
Authors: Allen Robert C. , Gibson Sarah E. , Hewins Ian , Vines Sarah K. , Qian Liying , de Toma Giuliana , Thompson Barbara J. , Hudson Mary , Lee Christina O. , Filwett Rachael J. , Mostafavi Parisa , Mo Wenli , Hill Matt E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions initiative was established to leverage relatively quiet intervals during solar minimum to better understand the interconnectedness of the various domains in the heliosphere. This study provides an expansive mosaic of observations spanning from the Sun, through interplanetary space, to the magnetospheric response and subsequent effects on the ionosphere‐thermosphere‐mesosphere (ITM) system. To accomplish this, a diverse set of observational datasets are utilized from 2019 July 26 to October 16 (i.e., over three Carrington rotations, CR2220, CR2221, and CR2222) with connections of these observations to the more focused studies submitted to this special issue. Particularly, this study focuses on two long‐lived coronal holes and their varying impact in sculpting the heliosphere and driving of the magnetospheric system. As a result, the evolution of coronal holes, impacts on the inner heliosphere solar wind, glimpses at mesoscale solar wind variability, magnetospheric response to these evolving solar wind drivers, and resulting ITM phenomena are captured to reveal the interconnectedness of this system‐of‐systems.
Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key
Authors: Angst Gerrit , Mueller Kevin E. , Castellano Michael J. , Vogel Cordula , Wiesmeier Martin , Mueller Carsten W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMuch research focuses on increasing carbon storage in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), in which carbon may persist for centuries to millennia. However, MAOM-targeted management is insufficient because the formation pathways of persistent soil organic matter are diverse and vary with environmental conditions. Effective management must also consider particulate organic matter (POM). In many soils, there is potential for enlarging POM pools, POM can persist over long time scales, and POM can be a direct precursor of MAOM. We present a framework for context-dependent management strategies that recognizes soils as complex systems in which environmental conditions constrain POM and MAOM formation.
Diminishing storage returns of reservoir construction
Authors: Li Yao , Zhao Gang , Allen George H. , Gao Huilin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurface water reservoirs are increasingly being relied upon to meet rising demands in the context of growing population and changing climate. However, the amount of water available in reservoirs (and the corresponding trends) have not been well quantified at the global scale. Here we use satellite observations to estimate the storage variations of 7245 global reservoirs from 1999 to 2018. Total global reservoir storage has increased at a rate of 27.82 ± 0.08 km3/yr, which is mainly attributed to the construction of new dams. However, the normalized reservoir storage (NS)—the ratio of the actual storage to the storage capacity—has declined by 0.82 ± 0.01%. The decline of NS values is especially pronounced in the global south, while the global north mainly exhibits an NS increase. With predicted decreasing runoff and increasing water demand, these observed diminishing storage returns of reservoir construction will likely persist into the future.
Temperature-triggered in situ forming lipid mesophase gel for local treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Carone Marianna , Spalinger Marianne R. , Gaultney Robert A. , Mezzenga Raffaele , Hlavačková Kristýna , Mookhoek Aart , Krebs Philippe , Rogler Gerhard , Luciani Paola , Aleandri Simone 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUlcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that strongly affects patient quality of life. Side effects of current therapies necessitate new treatment strategies that maximise the drug concentration at the site of inflammation, while minimizing systemic exposure. Capitalizing on the biocompatible and biodegradable structure of lipid mesophases, we present a temperature-triggered in situ forming lipid gel for topical treatment of colitis. We show that the gel is versatile and can host and release drugs of different polarities, including tofacitinib and tacrolimus, in a sustained manner. Further, we demonstrate its adherence to the colonic wall for at least 6 h, thus preventing leakage and improving drug bioavailability. Importantly, we find that loading known colitis treatment drugs into the temperature-triggered gel improves animal health in two mouse models of acute colitis. Overall, our temperature-triggered gel may prove beneficial in ameliorating colitis and decreasing adverse effects associated with systemic application of immunosuppressive treatments.
Reverse oxygen spillover triggered by CO adsorption on Sn-doped Pt/TiO2 for low-temperature CO oxidation
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Xiong Shangchao , Liu Haiyan , Shi Jianqiang , Mi Jinxing , Liu Hao , Gong Zhengjun , Oliviero Laetitia , Maugé Françoise , Li Junhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe spillover of oxygen species is fundamentally important in redox reactions, but the spillover mechanism has been less understood compared to that of hydrogen spillover. Herein Sn is doped into TiO2 to activate low-temperature (<100 °C) reverse oxygen spillover in Pt/TiO2 catalyst, leading to CO oxidation activity much higher than that of most oxide-supported Pt catalysts. A combination of near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ Raman/Infrared spectroscopies, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the reverse oxygen spillover is triggered by CO adsorption at Pt2+ sites, followed by bond cleavage of Ti-O-Sn moieties nearby and the appearance of Pt4+ species. The O in the catalytically indispensable Pt-O species is energetically more favourable to be originated from Ti-O-Sn. This work clearly depicts the interfacial chemistry of reverse oxygen spillover that is triggered by CO adsorption, and the understanding is helpful for the design of platinum/titania catalysts suitable for reactions of various reactants.
The intersection of undernutrition, microbiome, and child development in the first years of life
Authors: Fontaine Fanette , Turjeman Sondra , Callens Karel , Koren Omry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUndernutrition affects about one out of five children worldwide. It is associated with impaired growth, neurodevelopment deficits, and increased infectious morbidity and mortality. Undernutrition, however, cannot be solely attributed to a lack of food or nutrient deficiency but rather results from a complex mix of biological and environmental factors. Recent research has shown that the gut microbiome is intimately involved in the metabolism of dietary components, in growth, in the training of the immune system, and in healthy development. In this review, we look at these features in the first three years of life, which is a critical window for both microbiome establishment and maturation and child development. We also discuss the potential of the microbiome in undernutrition interventions, which could increase efficacy and improve child health outcomes.
Biomedical knowledge graph learning for drug repurposing by extending guilt-by-association to multiple layers
Authors: Bang Dongmin , Lim Sangsoo , Lee Sangseon , Kim Sun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComputational drug repurposing aims to identify new indications for existing drugs by utilizing high-throughput data, often in the form of biomedical knowledge graphs. However, learning on biomedical knowledge graphs can be challenging due to the dominance of genes and a small number of drug and disease entities, resulting in less effective representations. To overcome this challenge, we propose a “semantic multi-layer guilt-by-association" approach that leverages the principle of guilt-by-association - “similar genes share similar functions", at the drug-gene-disease level. Using this approach, our model DREAMwalk: Drug Repurposing through Exploring Associations using Multi-layer random walk uses our semantic information-guided random walk to generate drug and disease-populated node sequences, allowing for effective mapping of both drugs and diseases in a unified embedding space. Compared to state-of-the-art link prediction models, our approach improves drug-disease association prediction accuracy by up to 16.8%. Moreover, exploration of the embedding space reveals a well-aligned harmony between biological and semantic contexts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through repurposing case studies for breast carcinoma and Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting the potential of multi-layer guilt-by-association perspective for drug repurposing on biomedical knowledge graphs.
Attributed causes of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in a south Indian city
Authors: Lewnard Joseph A. , B Chandra Mohan , Kang Gagandeep , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlobally, excess deaths during 2020–21 outnumbered documented COVID-19 deaths by 9.5 million, primarily driven by deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited vital surveillance. Here we unravel the contributions of probable COVID-19 deaths from other changes in mortality related to pandemic control measures using medically-certified death registrations from Madurai, India—an urban center with well-functioning vital surveillance. Between March, 2020 and July, 2021, all-cause deaths in Madurai exceeded expected levels by 30% (95% confidence interval: 27–33%). Although driven by deaths attributed to cardiovascular or cerebrovascular conditions, diabetes, senility, and other uncategorized causes, increases in these attributions were restricted to medically-unsupervised deaths, and aligned with surges in confirmed or attributed COVID-19 mortality, likely reflecting mortality among unconfirmed COVID-19 cases. Implementation of lockdown measures was associated with a 7% (0–13%) reduction in all-cause mortality, driven by reductions in deaths attributed to injuries, infectious diseases and maternal conditions, and cirrhosis and other liver conditions, respectively, but offset by a doubling in cancer deaths. Our findings help to account for gaps between documented COVID-19 mortality and excess all-cause mortality during the pandemic in an LMIC setting.
Focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor treatment impacts the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network
Authors: Dahmani Louisa , Bai Yan , Li Meiling , Ren Jianxun , Shen Lunhao , Ma Jianjun , Li Haiyang , Wei Wei , Li Pengyu , Wang Danhong , Du Lei , Cui Weigang , Liu Hesheng , Wang Meiyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh-intensity Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a recent, non-invasive line of treatment for medication-resistant tremor. We used MRgFUS to produce small lesions in the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM), an important node in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tremor network, in 13 patients with tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease or essential tremor. Significant tremor alleviation in the target hand ensued (t(12) = 7.21, p < 0.001, two-tailed), which was strongly associated with the functional reorganization of the brain’s hand region with the cerebellum (r = 0.91, p < 0.001, one-tailed). This reorganization potentially reflected a process of normalization, as there was a trend of increase in similarity between the hand cerebellar connectivity of the patients and that of a matched, healthy control group (n = 48) after treatment. Control regions in the ventral attention, dorsal attention, default, and frontoparietal networks, in comparison, exhibited no association with tremor alleviation and no normalization. More broadly, changes in functional connectivity were observed in regions belonging to the motor, limbic, visual, and dorsal attention networks, largely overlapping with regions connected to the lesion targets. Our results indicate that MRgFUS is a highly efficient treatment for tremor, and that lesioning the VIM may result in the reorganization of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tremor network.
Streptomyces polyketides mediate bacteria–fungi interactions across soil environments
Authors: Krespach Mario K. C. , Stroe Maria C. , Netzker Tina , Rosin Maira , Zehner Lukas M. , Komor Anna J. , Beilmann Johanna M. , Krüger Thomas , Scherlach Kirstin , Kniemeyer Olaf , Schroeckh Volker , Hertweck Christian , Brakhage Axel A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough the interaction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms is crucial for the functioning of ecosystems, information about the processes driving microbial interactions within communities remains scarce. Here we show that arginine-derived polyketides (arginoketides) produced by Streptomyces species mediate cross-kingdom microbial interactions with fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, and trigger the production of natural products. Arginoketides can be cyclic or linear, and a prominent example is azalomycin F produced by Streptomyces iranensis, which induces the cryptic orsellinic acid gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans. Bacteria that synthesize arginoketides and fungi that decode and respond to this signal were co-isolated from the same soil sample. Genome analyses and a literature search indicate that arginoketide producers are found worldwide. Because, in addition to their direct impact, arginoketides induce a secondary wave of fungal natural products, they probably contribute to the wider structure and functioning of entire soil microbial communities.
HerpSexDet: the herpetological database of sex determination and sex reversal
Authors: Nemesházi Edina , Bókony Veronika 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWildlife exhibits various sex-determination systems where sex chromosomes and environmental temperatures may both contribute to individual sexual development. The causes and consequences of this variability are important questions for evolutionary ecology, especially in light of ongoing environmental change. Amphibians and reptiles are emerging as a key group for studying these questions, with new data accumulating acceleratingly. We collected empirical data from earlier databases, reviews and primary literature to create the most up-to-date database on herpetological sex determination. We named our database HerpSexDet, which currently features data on genetic and temperature-dependent sex determination as well as reports on sex reversal for a total of 192 amphibian and 697 reptile species. This dataset, which we will regularly update in the future, facilitates interspecific comparative studies on the evolution of sex determination and its consequences for species-specific traits such as life history and conservation status, and may also help guiding future research by identifying species or higher taxa that are potentially most enlightening for the study of environmentally driven sex reversal.
Establishing in vivo and ex vivo chick embryo models to investigate fetal tendon healing
Authors: Nguyen Phong K. , Hart Christoph , Hall Kaitlyn , Holt Iverson , Kuo Catherine K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInjured adult tendons heal fibrotically and possess high re-injury rates, whereas fetal tendons appear to heal scarlessly. However, knowledge of fetal tendon wound healing is limited due in part to the need for an accessible animal model. Here, we developed and characterized an in vivo and ex vivo chick embryo tendon model to study fetal tendon healing. In both models, injury sites filled rapidly with cells and extracellular matrix during healing, with wound closure occurring faster in vivo. Tendons injured at an earlier embryonic stage improved mechanical properties to levels similar to non-injured controls, whereas tendons injured at a later embryonic stage did not. Expression levels of tendon phenotype markers, collagens, collagen crosslinking regulators, matrix metalloproteinases, and pro-inflammatory mediators exhibited embryonic stage-dependent trends during healing. Apoptosis occurred during healing, but ex vivo tendons exhibited higher levels of apoptosis than tendons in vivo. Future studies will use these in vivo and ex vivo chick embryo tendon injury models to elucidate mechanisms of stage-specific fetal tendon healing to inform the development of therapeutic approaches to regeneratively heal adult tendons.
Cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors related to auxin signaling in the streptophyte algae Klebsormidium nitens
Authors: Tounosu Noriaki , Sesoko Kanami , Hori Koichi , Shimojima Mie , Ohta Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe phytohormone auxin affects numerous processes in land plants. The central auxin signaling machinery, called the nuclear auxin pathway, is mediated by its pivotal receptor named TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB). The nuclear auxin pathway is widely conserved in land plants, but auxin also accumulates in various algae. Although auxin affects the growth of several algae, the components that mediate auxin signaling have not been identified. We previously reported that exogenous auxin suppresses cell proliferation in the Klebsormidium nitens that is a member of streptophyte algae, a paraphyletic group sharing the common ancestor with land plants. Although K. nitens lacks TIR1/AFB, auxin affects the expression of numerous genes. Thus, elucidation of the mechanism of auxin-inducible gene expression in K. nitens would provide important insights into the evolution of auxin signaling. Here, we show that some motifs are enriched in the promoter sequences of auxin-inducible genes in K. nitens. We also found that the transcription factor KnRAV activates several auxin-inducible genes and directly binds the promoter of KnLBD1, a representative auxin-inducible gene. We propose that KnRAV has the potential to regulate auxin-responsive gene expression in K. nitens.
People with higher autistic traits show stronger binding for color–shape associations
Authors: Chen Na , Watanabe Katsumi , Spence Charles , Wada Makoto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon-synesthetes exhibit a tendency to associate specific shapes with particular colors (i.e., circle–red, triangle–yellow, and square–blue). Such color–shape associations (CSAs) could potentially affect the feature binding of colors and shapes, thus resulting in people reporting more binding errors in the case of incongruent, rather than congruent, colored-shape pairs. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit atypical sensory processing and impaired multisensory integration. Here, we examined whether autistic traits ﻿(Autism-Spectrum Quotient; AQ) influence the strength of color–shape associations, as evidenced by the occurrence of binding errors in incongruent minus congruent conditions. Participants took part in an experiment designed to reveal binding errors induced by incongruent and congruent colored-shape pairs, and completed the Japanese version of the AQ score. The results revealed a significant correlation between AQ scores and occurrence of binding errors when participants were presented with the circle–red and triangle–yellow CSAs: That is, individuals with higher autistic traits tend to make more binding errors in incongruent minus congruent colored-shape pairs, indicating a stronger binding of circle–red and triangle–yellow associations. These results therefore suggest that autistic traits play a role in forming color–shape associations, shedding light on the nature of both color–shape associations and autistic perception.