bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of organic fertilizer, biofertilizer and endophytic bacteria to control nematodes in robusta coffee
Authors: Harni R , Saefudin  , Sasmita K D , Sakiroh  , Amaria W 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Coffee is a plantation crop that has high economic value. One of the obstacles in the cultivation of coffee plants is the attack of plant parasitic nematodes, including Pratylenchus coffeae, Radopholus similis, and Meloidogyne spp. The reported nematode control technologies are the implementation of organic fertilizers, botanical pesticides, and biological agents. This study aimed to determine the effect of organic fertilizer, biofertilizer, and endophytic bacteria to control nematodes on Robusta coffee plants. The research conducted on a farmers’ coffee plantation infested by parasitic nematodes in Sidomulyo village, Lampung, Indonesia. The study used a randomized block design with 6 treatments: organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer + biofertilizer, organic fertilizer + endophytic bacteria, biofertilizer + endophytic bacteria, organic fertilizer + biofertilizer + endophytic bacteria, and control (farmer’s technology). Biofertilizers were applied together with organic fertilizers at the beginning of the rainy season, 25 g/tree and 3 kg/tree, respectively. Endophytic bacteria were applied 100 ml/tree a month after organic and biofertilizer. The observations were performed on the nematode population, growth, and production of robusta coffee. The results showed the application of organic fertilizers, biofertilizers, and endophytic bacteria could suppress the nematode population in Robusta coffee plants of 50.56-70.71%. The application of organic fertilizers, biofertilizers, and endophytic bacteria also increases the growth and productivity of Robusta coffee plants.
Population Dynamics of The Bagworm, Clania tertia Templeton (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) on Immature Oil Palm at Pelalawan Regency, Riau
Authors: Manurung Castro FB , Anwar Ruly 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Plant pests and diseases are considered as one of the problems in agricultural production, including oil palm. Oil palm leaf-eating caterpillars are a class of pests often found in oil palm plantations throughout Indonesia. The bagworm is one of the leaf eaters classified as voracious insect pest and difficult to control because these pests hide in their bags. Pest control needs to be done from young (immature) plants so that yield loss during production can be prevented and cause no economic losses. This study aims to know the attack of bagworm C. tertia on immature oil palm on different locations and different treatments and determine the factors causing the death of bagworm in the Plantation of PT Inti Indosawit Subur, Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelalawan Regency, Riau. This study was conducted by direct observation of the bagworm in Block A and Block K. From each block, two observation sites were determined, and 25 sample plants were selected from each observation site. The dead bagworms were collected to determine the cause of death. The research results showed that the bagworm dead in Block A was higher than in Block K due to pest control such as trunk injection (TI) were implemented in Block A. In Block A, the highest percentage of deaths due to insecticides occurred in the second observation, and decreased at each observation time. The death of the bagworm in Block K was mostly caused by the role of predators.
Yield performance of Sorghum Ratoon-1 as affected by different dosages of N fertilization
Authors: Kamal Muhammad , Hadi M. S. , Setiawan K. , Iqbal Annafi M. , Sungkono  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench) is a promising crop for the production of food, feed and bioethanol. Sorghum plants also can grow in different wide ranges of soil, and they can be ratooned. A field trial was conducted to study the response of different cultivars of sorghum ratoon-1 to dosages of N fertilization applied on first-planted sorghum plants. The experiment was done in Way lima, Pesawaran of Lampung Province, Indonesia, in 2020. Treatments were arranged factorially in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was sorghum genotypes, including Numbu, P/I WHP, GH-1, GH-6, Talaga Bodas, UPCA, Super-1, and Super-2, while the second factor was N fertilization levels consisting of 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg Urea/ha. Sorghum was planted with a row spacing of 80x20 cm. Fertilizers used were urea, SP-36, KCl, and cattle manure. The fertilizers were applied on first-planted sorghum plants, so the ratoon-1 of sorghum plants was not fertilized. The result of the experiment indicated that sorghum genotypes responded differently to N fertilization. The highest grain yield was found at Talaga Bodas (32.75 g/plant), while the lowest grain yield was 23,96 g/panicle, found at the GH-6 genotype. The difference in sorghum grain yield was most likely due to different sizes and numbers of sorghum grains. On the other side, different levels of N fertilization did not show significant differences in sorghum ratoon-1.
Performance evaluation of pechay (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) using different organic growing media under hydroponic system
Authors: Solis E S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
There is a growing interest among vegetable growers in using locally available growing media in hydroponic production. This study assessed the growth and yield of pechay, nutrient solution consumption of the plant, and its quality using different growing media (foam, coco peat, raw rice hull, raw saw dust, vermicompost, composted rice straw, composted rice hull) in a Kratky hydroponic system at the Institute of Agriculture, Camiguin Polytechnic State College-Catarman Campus, Tangaro, Catarman, Camiguin from June 10, 2021, until July 15, 2021. The study was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design with seven treatments and three replications. Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) was used to compare the significant differences between treatment means. Results showed that the type of growing media did not significantly affect the pechay growth performance, insect pests and disease incidence, nutrient solution consumption, and final quality of the hydroponic nutrient solution. However, a highly significant difference was observed in horticultural root development characteristics except for the percentage of root per plant and survival rate. In terms of yield parameters, highly significant differences were observed except for the number of marketable and non-marketable yields, the weight of non-marketable yields, and the harvest index. Our results showed that the use of foam could be used effectively to increase production under a hydroponic system. The use of organic growing media (raw rice hull, vermicompost, raw saw dust, coco peat) was also promising for their growth and yield performance. It can be concluded that the growing media affects the growth and yield of pechay in a hydroponic production system; however, the potential use of these various growing media should be further tested for verification.
Dynamics of Nutrient Availability of Inorganic Fertilizers in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Nursery
Authors: Prasetyo D W , Kurniawan L , Andriani M , Almatholib S A , Putra G I S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Inorganic fertilizers that are applied take a certain time to be available in the soil. The application distance between types of fertilizers is needed with the aim of reducing antagonistic properties, both antagonistic properties between nutrients and between types of fertilizers so as to increase the effectiveness of fertilizer absorption. The purpose of this research study the pattern of nutrient release and the interaction of several chemical fertilizers at the oil palm nursery stage. This research was divided into 2 stages, namely the preliminary stage to determine the optimum dose of each type of fertilizer and the stage of testing the antagonism of 2 different types of fertilizers from 5 types of fertilizers, namely Urea (N), Rock Phosphate (P), MOP (K), Kieserite (K), and HGFB (B). The experimental design used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design, with 45 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that the optimum doses of the three leaf nutrients were obtained at 40 g/seed for RP, 45 g/seed for K, and 50 g/seed for Borate. The optimum nutrients for N and K fertilizers have not been obtained, so the highest dose from the test level is used, which is 80 g/seed respectively. The results of statistical analysis show the ideal distance of application time between RP and MOP fertilizers, RP with Kieserite, RP with HGFB, MOP with Kieserite.
Test the viability and effectiveness of the AMF biofertilizer prototypes using different spore carrier media on production of organic cocoa
Authors: Rai I N , Sudana I M , Wiraatmaja I W , Astiari N K A , Wijana G 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIncreasing consumer demand for healthy food products has an impact on increasing demand for organic cocoa, but it is difficult for farmers to fulfil it because the production per hectare is still very low. Development of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as biological fertilizers is expected to relieve farmers’ difficulties. This study aimed to find the best AMF biofertilizer prototype that can increase organic cocoa production while increasing soil fertility. The research was conducted through 2 stages. Stage 1 made prototypes of biological fertilizers from 7 indigenous AMF species isolated from cocoa roots using different spore carrier media and then tested the spore viability during storage, and stage 2 selected 2 of the best AMF biofertilizer prototypes to test their effectiveness on organic cocoa plantations. The results showed the AMF biofertilizer prototype with spore’s carrier media volcanic sand and zeolite gave the viability of spores remained high after being stored for 1 month, reaching 91.78% and 90.67%. The effectiveness test on organic cocoa plantations showed that the AMF biofertilizer prototype with different spore-carrying media had no significant effect on the yield and yield components of organic cocoa beans, but AMF biofertilizer prototype with volcanic sand spore-carrying media tended to increase the yield and improves soil fertility. It was concluded that the AMF biofertilizer prototype with volcanic sand spore carrier media was the best prototype, but it is necessary to carry out tests at several locations to determine the consistency of the effect.
Assessing Paddy Field Health Using High-Resolution Multi-Spectral Camera in Subang Indonesia to Implement Precision Agriculture 4.0
Authors: The Rendy Ferixsen , Nurmansyah Ali , Sartiami Dewi , Weizheng Wilson Ong , Febriannaningsih Bernadetta Alnybera , Muhammad Faaris Hizba , Nur Farhan Alfian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Increasing yield and improving the sustainability of agriculture are needed through data-driven precision agriculture technology. Multispectral sensor measures the light reflected from the plant canopy and generates a reflectance value that indicates the difference between healthy and stressed plants. We use precision agriculture to assess paddy field health in Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia, especially early detection of bacterial leaf blight and stem borer disease. The condition of the study area has a relatively flat topography, with the Grendel glutinous paddy variety, and has a late vegetative to early generative phase. The data was gathered using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) fitted with a MicaSense Red Edge-P sensor to obtain multispectral images. We employed Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE) to create a health model and validated using 70 field sampling locations. As a result, accuracy detection was 90% hence the use of UAV technology can be used for early disease detection. We classified the paddy field as healthy and unhealthy in percentage through spectral analysis and data from validation. This research has proven that we could detect disease in paddy fields faster and more efficiently. Utilizing UAVs for precision agriculture will prevent crop failure and increase food security in Subang and Indonesia. However, the limitation of this study is weather conditions and should consider plant varieties.
The impact of microclimate on energy performance of office buildings within urban contexts located in a composite climate, the city of Indore
Authors: Patel Priya , Amalan Sigmund Kaushik S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The energy consumption and thermal performance of a building depend not only on the internal factors, geometry and orientation but also on the external microclimatic factors such as vegetation, solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed and wind direction. Further, it is also influenced by the surrounding built environment characteristics such as street geometry, buildings and surface characteristics. The main objective of the current research paper is to record the energy performance of office buildings within urban contexts, located in a composite climate, for instance, the city of Indore and to determine the influence of the external parameters on energy consumption of the built space so as to optimize the built environment factors and achieve low energy consumption. The current study involves the identification of two office buildings in Indore with different built environmental characteristics. Field measurements were carried out on street canyons along the south and west façades of the buildings and the impact of external microclimatic parameters and the surrounding built environment characteristics on energy consumption of the building was quantified in this study. It was found that the street geometry, H/W ratio, street orientation, building material, urban density and vegetation has significant effects on microclimate and energy consumption of the buildings.
Assessing the thermal performance of upcycled shipping container as a sustainable building material in a Warm humid climate
Authors: Oviya K , Shobana  , Amraotkar Sheetal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The current trends in the construction sector are responsible for majority of the CO2 emissions in India. The sustainable methods to reduce the CO2 emissions should include not just recycling but also upcycling the materials, for instance – shipping containers. Despite the industry’s best efforts to minimize waste generation, millions of shipping containers end up as scrap materials, every year. This phenomenon can be changed effectively by reusing the scrap materials as alternate building materials. The trend of reusing the shipping containers as building materials is at its peak in Western countries, while in India, it is still in a nascent stage. The aim of the current research paper is to evaluate and assess the thermal performance of upcycled shipping containers as a building material in warm humid climatic condition. This research includes a review of literature about the strengths and weaknesses of the shipping containers as a building material; it also compares and evaluates the thermal performance of uninsulated container buildings with base case conventional building and the insulated container building through Opaque simulation method. The results were obtained by comparing and assessing the thermal performance and cost of various insulating materials for a container building. The study outcomes greatly help the architects to reuse the shipping containers as a sustainable alternative building material in warm humid regions.
Energy saving potential of screen walls in high-rise residential buildings in hot and humid climates
Authors: Rajkumar Surya , Shanmuga Priya G 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
About 33% of the total energy produced, is consumed by the building sector. Especially, 75% of the energy gets utilized by the residential buildings within the building sector. The increased usage of air conditioning systems to cool the indoor environment in hot-humid climatic regions increases the energy requirements of residential buildings. To be specific, high-rise residential buildings are known to be highly energy intensive. It is possible to mitigate the heat transfer into the indoor environment in high-rise residential buildings by shading the opaque facades. Since mutual shading or shading by adjacent building may not be possible at all times for high-rise residential buildings, screen wall can be used to shade the buildings to reduce its energy requirements and provide thermal comfort for the occupants in the indoor environment. In this background, the aim of the current research work is to find out the embodied energy, involved in the implementation of screen wall, and its effectiveness in reducing the operational energy requirements for space cooling in high-rise residential buildings. The option of screen wall and its benefits over conventional building envelope are emphasized in this study through a simulation study. A bedroom in a high-rise residential building in Chennai was chosen for conducting the detailed analysis and the analysis was carried through simulation for one year. The research design includes the modelling of the selected residential building in IES-VE software and validating the results through field measurements. Energy saving analysis was conducted through simulation to determine the energy saved in space cooling by shading the opaque façades with screen wall. For one year, 7.88MWh energy reduction was attained from the installation of screen wall over opaque surfaces at the set indoor temperature i.e., 27°C for 8 hours during night time using air-conditioning. The embodied energy was calculated for the installation of metal sheet over opaque façade and for shading as screen wall and the outcomes were compared with the energy savings in space cooling with the application of screen wall. The payback period for the embodied energy of the screen wall installation was determined in terms of operational energy saved in space cooling through screen walls. The analysis revealed that the payback period is one year. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, people staying at indoors in residential buildings has increased up to 90% during day time, which in turn results in high energy demand. Screen wall acts as a skin for the buildings and shade entirely from the sun. It helps in reducing the energy usage for space cooling in residential buildings, which eventually reduces the carbon footprint.
Comparison analysis between the components of vernacular and modern architectures for sustainable housing in Niger State
Authors: Dada A D , Alibaba H Z 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Modern architecture has its roots in the vernacular type. Globally, every cultural group has its own form of vernacular architecture, though the approach may vary from region to region and also among the individuals. The traditional and modern architectural styles in Minna Niger State, Nigeria are examined in this paper since these styles possess distinct climatic, economic, and socio-cultural practices. A typical vernacular architecture was sited at Tudun Fulani Extension whereas a typical modern architecture was sited at GidanMatasa. The study examined the buildings in terms of physical features, thermal comfort and cost analysis. EnergyPlus, a simulation program, was used in this study to assess and forecast the thermal comfort. To affirm, local construction materials were used to meet the housing demands without harming the environment. The study outcomes found that the traditional housing units outperformed the modern ones by a wide margin. The findings of the study revealed the following features as part of vernacular architecture such as the presence of a courtyard, vegetation, connection to nature and construction using natural materials. On the other hand, the modern architecture does not have any courtyards, inadequate vegetation and isolation from the nature. It is also constructed using the imported building materials, although the modern architecture enables the windows to be of large size. The findings also disclose that the vernacular architecture provides more thermal comfort than the modern architecture since the latter has a heavy heating load density i.e., 9,571 (Watt). This value is 50 percent more than the peak heating load of the traditional architectural structure i.e., 2,109 (Watt). Finally, the study was able to ascertain the high-cost implication of the modern architecture compared to vernacular architecture. Furthermore, the study also proved that the vernacular housing units are much better than the modern ones in terms of thermal comfort, usage of cost-effective and natural materials and the building’s thermal properties. The researcher recommends that the components of both vernacular and modern architecture must be properly integrated for the development of the sustainable homes in Northern Nigeria.
Recycling Plastic Waste into Construction Materials for Sustainability
Authors: Subha Pradha S , Saranya K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Plastic is omnipresent in the current global scenario and it is difficult to get rid of it completely. Therefore, a strategic plan is essential to recycle the plastic waste. According to the United Nations Environment Programme report, 400 million tons of single-use plastic waste gets generated globally on an annual basis, which amounts to 47 % of the total plastic waste. Out of this huge volume, only 9% of the plastic gets recycled worldwide. In India, 9,400 tons of plastic waste is either dumped in landfills or pollutes the streams and groundwater resources directly. On the other hand, the consumption of the raw materials by the construction sector is rapidly increasing across the globe. This results in the depletion of the natural resources, which in turn impacts the environment. The aim of the current study is to realise the significance of the recycled plastic building materials, leverage it to reduce the volume of plastic that reaches the landfills and address the problem of depleting natural resources. Globally, various techniques are used to recycle the plastic waste into construction materials. The prime objective of this study is to elaborate on various technologies and material types used in such processes. The method to be followed is to analyse various construction materials that use the recycled plastic on suitable parameters and their best possible usage for the construction of various structures in a gated community.
Utilization of ELVs in architecture and construction sector - An implication towards sustainability
Authors: Ramaraj Arulmalar , Selvaraj Catherine , Varadan Sanghavi Venkata 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In a contemporary scenario, the ‘reduce, reuse, and recycle’ is extended to 10 ‘R’s as per the studies conducted earlier. Agriculture, industry, packing, transportation, human settlements and other sectors’ resources are either utilised as alternatives or partial substitutes in the construction industry. In current study, the authors investigate different applications of materials and components recovered or deconstructed from the End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) in architecture and civil industries. The authors used thematic analysis in this study. The methods used in building the envelope and interiors and the manufacturing of construction materials were used to categorise the application of secondary resources, mined from the scrapped vehicles. The findings suggest that re-contextualizing the disassembled ELV components necessitates thinking skills that transcend the standard frames of reference and ways to convert the concepts into real-world situations. Upcycling or upgrading the secondary resources, derived from ELVs, to manufacture products for the construction sector is supported by interdisciplinary, multi-disciplinary or trans-disciplinary approaches.