bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV Reflectance of Spacecraft Materials and Analog Soils: Implications for Bioburden Reductions on the Undersides of Mars Rovers
Authors: Schuerger Andrew C. , Moores John E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The Mars Sample Return mission architecture will utilize three spacecraft to collect, cache, recover, launch, and return to Earth a diversity of regolith and rock samples. However, no comprehensive Mars Microbial Survival (MMS) model currently exists. As an initial effort in building a MMS model, we examined the UV reflectance of 15 spacecraft materials and seven Mars analog soils within the context of the Perseverance mission. Data were used to predict the times required to achieve one lethal dose (syn., Sterility Assurance Level [SAL]; def. as a bioburden reduction of ‒12 logs). Results suggest that a single SAL dosage of UVC was achieved on exposed surfaces on the upper deck of Perseverance within a few hours to a few sols post-landing at Jezero Crater. The overall average for UVC reflectance from spacecraft materials was approx. 10%. The overall UVC reflectance from Mars analog soils was measured at 1.3%. The Adaptive Caching Assembly (ACA) on Perseverance is located on the forward edge of the underbelly of the spacecraft. Modeling of the accumulated UVC dosage for the ACA yielded a prediction of reaching one SAL for downward facing surfaces at 93 sols that receive ‘single bounce’ UVC photons from the local terrain. The SAL increases to 930 sols, if an additional ‘bounce’ of the solar UV irradiation is required to reach a partially protected site in the ACA hardware. The current study is the first to report on the UVC reflectance from a diversity of spacecraft materials.
Advancing Emergency Preparedness, Resilience and Response through High-Fidelity Simulation: A scoping literature review.
Authors: Newton Jon , Critchley Anya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: The sudden and often unexpected occurrence of major incidents routinely presents challenging and unpredictable working environments for emergency service personnel. Effectively training those with a response role is therefore of fundamental importance and vital for embedding resilience within organisations. NHS England’s Emergency Preparedness, Resilience and Response (EPRR) Framework stipulates the training requirements organisations should employ, yet limited guidance exists to support the educational quality or tangible outputs the table-top scenarios and ‘live-play’ exercises should provide. In recent years, High-Fidelity Simulation (HFS) has gained recognition as an effective method for advancing clinical acumen within this domain, yet few studies have attempted to validate its capability for cultivating psychological readiness and mental resilience.
Methods: To further teaching and learning practices we conducted a scoping literature review to ascertain if skills in critical thinking, emotional preparedness and mental resilience might be developed through the utilisation of HFS for major incident training.
Findings: In all six studies returned by our search strategy, HFS was universally found to enhance critical thinking skills and decision-making. However, no studies have yet been conducted which formally evaluate developments in emotional preparedness and mental resilience.
Conclusion: A sparsity of high-ranking evidence currently exists to guide teaching and learning developments within major incident training; and a research-knowledge gap for developing emotional preparedness and mental resilience has been identified. Further targeted research is required to ascertain the true benefits of HFS and its potential role in supporting the EPRR Cycle of Preparedness.
Effect of chlorine substitution on the thermal stability of ferro-pargasite and thermochemical properties of ferro-chloro-hornblende
Authors: Jenkins David M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Substitution of chlorine for hydroxyls in calcium amphiboles has been widely documented, but the effect of this substitution on thermal stability is not known. Experimental reversal data are presented here comparing the upper-thermal stability of amphiboles formed in the ferro-pargasite and ferro-chloropargasite bulk compositions. Experiments were made over the range of 550–900 °C and 0.5–3 kbar at oxygen fugacities of log(fO2) of –0.3 to +0.5 relative to Co-CoO. Electron microprobe analysis of amphiboles made from the ferro-pargasite bulk composition were found to be ferro-pargasite, while those made from the ferro-chloro-pargasite bulk composition were low in A-site Na and Cl and were better classified as Cl-bearing ferro-ferri-hornblende. Although the differences between desired and observed amphibole compositions complicate the comparison of their thermal stabilities, it can be deduced that the Cl-bearing amphibole has a steeper dP/dT slope and, above 1 kbar, a lower thermal stability than ferro-pargasite. Thermodynamic analysis of the Cl-bearing amphibole was also done to extract thermochemical data for the Cl end-member amphibole ferro-chloro-hornblende [Ca2(Fe4Al) (AlSi7)O22Cl2 = Fe-Cl-Horn] that are consistent with the thermodynamic database of Holland and Powell (2011). Using an ideal-activity expression and estimated values for the heat capacity (CP = 1.106 + 8.9156 × 10–5(T, K) – 11 218.3/T2 – 5.9548/T0.5; kJ/K·mol) and volume (283.0 ± 1.5 cm3/mol) for Fe-Cl-Horn, the derived values for ΔHf∘ and S° are –10 842.6 ± 10.3 kJ/mol and 618.8 ± 11.1 J/K·mol, respectively. The implication of this work is that (1) chlorine appears to lower the thermal stability of a given calcium amphibole in contrast to the marked increase in thermal stabilities caused by fluorine, and (2) thermochemical data such as those derived in this study allow absolute concentrations of chloride salts to be calculated in metasomatic paleobrines, as illustrated for the Bamble sector of southern Norway reported in the literature.
Assessment of drought trends in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro River Basin using the SPI and SPEI
Authors: Kimaiyo June Jerop , Mati Bancy Mbura , Sang Joseph Kipyegon , Kanda Edwin Kimutai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Drought assessment is necessary for creating adaptation and resilience measures for the livelihoods of the affected communities. This study assessed drought trends in Kenya's Upper Ewaso Ng'iro River Basin (UENB) from 1981 to 2020. A Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a precipitation-based index, and a Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), a multivariate index that considers the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET), were used to evaluate drought severity and frequency over varying timescales. Monthly rainfall and temperature data for 10 stations within the basin were analyzed to calculate the SPI and SPEI time series values for 3, 6, and 12 months. The results demonstrate an alarming increase in the severity and frequency of drought events in the UENB since 1999. Additionally, the study reveals that the SPI and SPEI indices differ in identifying temporal and spatial drought characteristics, with longer timescales showing improved accuracy. Notably, the SPEI identifies more extensive and severe drought periods in the region compared to the SPI. The research findings are crucial in guiding policy decisions related to SDGs as they provide valuable information on drought trends necessary for implementing effective drought adaptation and resilience measures and promoting sustainable development in the UENB.
Monthly streamflow forecasting for the Hunza River Basin using machine learning techniques
Authors: Khan Sunaid , Khan Mehran , Khan Afed Ullah , Khan Fayaz Ahmad , Khan Sohail , Fawad Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Streamflow forecasting is crucial for planning, designing, and managing water resources. Accurate streamflow forecasting is essential in developing water resource systems that are both technically and economically efficient. This study tested several machine learning techniques to estimate monthly streamflow data in the Hunza River Basin, Pakistan, using streamflow, precipitation, and air temperature data between 1985 and 2013. The techniques tested included adaptive boosting (AB), gradient boosting (GB), random forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN). The models were developed using river discharge as the target variable, while air temperature and precipitation as the input variables. The model's performance was assessed via four statistical performance indicators namely root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The results obtained for RMSE, MSE, MAE, and R2 using AB, GB, RF, and KNN techniques are (16.8, 281, 6.53, and 0.998), (95.1, 9,047, 61.5, and 0.921), (126.8, 16,078, 74.6, and 0.859), and (219.9, 48,356, 146.3, and 0.775), respectively. The results indicate that AB outperforms GB, RF, and KNN in predicting monthly streamflow for the Hunza River Basin. Machine learning, particularly AB, offers a reliable approach for streamflow forecasting, aiding hazard and water management in the area.
Groundwater quality assessment for sustainable irrigation in Nanton district, Ghana
Authors: Iddrisu Umar Farouk , Mbatchou Valentine Chi , Armah Edward Kwaku , Amedorme Bright Selorm 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

As part of the semi-arid region, Ghana falls within the West African Sahel region with high climatic variability and severe droughts, especially in the Northern parts. The Northern region is characterized as one of the driest in Ghana. It experiences one rainy season in a year, though agriculture is one of the main economic activities. Nanton district in the Northern region consists of farming communities. However, there is limited availability of water for crop watering during the dry season and groundwater could become a possible source of water supply. This research, therefore, seeks to provide information on the irrigation quality status of groundwater in the Nanton district. Information from this research also aims to assist policymakers take the right decisions for sustainable agriculture in the study area. Irrigation water indexes in combination with the USSL diagram were adopted as methods for analyses in this research. Results generally suggest that groundwater in the study area is suitable for irrigation purposes, except for a few places in the district. Further studies should be conducted to precisely state the quality of water used for drinking and domestic purposes. The research should also emphasize identifying factors controlling groundwater chemistry in the area.
Quantitative analysis of regional water resources and secure development of economic and social coupling systems
Authors: Zhen Jinghui , Nan Jianghao , Hou Jianghua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The development and rational utilization of regional water resources (RWR) is an important foundation for achieving comprehensive utilization of water resources and socio-economic progress. Socio-economic development has created necessary conditions and funds for the rational development of water resources, and the two support and constrain each other. Therefore, this article conducts a quantitative analysis of RWR to ensure the sustainable development of the economic and social (EAS) coupling system. An evaluation system was constructed based on feasibility analysis using the principal component analysis theory and entropy method. The results indicated that the interaction between RWR and EAS was relatively strong. In the seven-year survey, the coordinated development of the two showed an upward trend. The coupling and coordination indexes reached their lowest point in 2015 and have shown an upward trend. The coupling index increased by 0.34, and the coordination index increased by 0.21 to obtain a highly coordinated development state.
Structural and Functional Analysis of Urease Accessory Protein E from
Vancomycin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus MU50 Strain
Authors: Siddiqui Humaira , Atia-tul-Wahab  , Ahmed Aftab , Choudhary M. Iqbal 
Published: August 2023

Background:
An increasing prevalence of biofilm forming strains by vancomycinresistance
Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is one of the most important causes of antimicrobial
resistance. VRSA possesses various regulatory factors to form and sustain biofilm in biotic or abiotic
conditions. Among them, ureolytic activity is an important factor in the stabilization of biofilms by
neutralizing the acidic environment. Various urease accessory proteins are required to activate the
urease enzyme inside the biofilm.

Objective:
To optimize the cloning, expression and purification of urease accessory protein E from
VRSA for determination of the secondary structure, and functional characterization by using
Berthelot’s method.

Methods:
BAB58453.1 gene (which encodes possible urease accessory protein E), having 38%
similarity to Bacillus pasteurii UreE protein, was cloned, expressed, and purified by single-step
affinity chromatography for performing secondary structural studies using circular dichroism
spectroscopy, and functional analysis using Berthelot’s and crystal violet assay.

Results:
Structure elucidation using NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopy techniques revealed
that UreE protein has a partially foldedα-helical structure. Using Berthelot's method, it was identified
that the purified UreE protein has enhanced urease enzyme activity, in comparison to the control.
From the results of Berthelot’s and crystal violet assays, it was deduced that the selected gene (UreE
protein) plays a key role in enhancing urease enzyme activity and contributes to biofilm stability.

Conclusion:
Structural studies on VRSA urease accessory proteins could aid in the identification of
new drug targets or the development of effective antibiofilm strategies (in combination with other drug
targets) against infections caused by biofilm-producing strains.
In-situ Gels for Brain Delivery: Breaching the Barriers
Authors: Fatima Gul Naz , Maurya Priyanka , Nishtha  , Saraf Shailendra K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates blood and chemical exchange in the central nervous system.
It is made up of brain parenchyma capillary endothelial cells. It separates the interstitial cerebrospinal fluid
from the circulation and limits brain drug entry. Peptides, antibodies, and even tiny hydrophilic biomolecules
cannot flow across the BBB due to their semi-permeability. It protects the brain from poisons, chemicals, and
pathogens, and blood cells penetrate brain tissue. BBB-facilitated carrier molecules allow selective permeability
of nutrients such as D-glucose, L-lactic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-arginine, and hormones, especially steroid
hormones. Brain barriers prevent drug molecules from entering, making medication delivery difficult. Drugs
can reach specific brain regions through the nasal cavity, making it a preferred route. The in-situ gels are mucoadhesive,
which extends their stay in the nasal cavity, allows them to penetrate deep and makes them a dependable
way of transporting numerous medications, including peptides and proteins, straight into the central
nervous system. This approach holds great potential for neurological therapy as they deliver drugs directly to
the central nervous system, with less interference and better drug release control. The brain affects daily life by
processing sensory stimuli, controlling movement and behaviour, and sustaining mental, emotional, and cognitive
functioning. Unlike systemic routes, the nasal mucosa is extensively vascularized and directly contacts olfactory
sensory neurons. Compared to the systemic circulation, this improves brain bioavailability of medications.
Drugs can be delivered to the brain using in-situ gel formulations safely and efficiently, with a greater
therapeutic impact than with traditional techniques.
Hesperidin Alleviates Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis by Activating SIRT1
- Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Experimental
Validation
Authors: Zhang Rui , Lan Junjie , Chen Qi , Liu Yang , Hu Linfang , Cao Jinyong , Zhao Huaye , Shen Yan 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis is a serious pancreatic injury with limited
effective treatments. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of hesperidin on Larginine-
induced acute pancreatitis and its potential targets.

Methods:
The authors induced acute pancreatitis in mice by administering two hourly intraperitoneal
injections of L-arginine-HCl, and evaluated the impact of hesperidin on pancreatic and lung
tissues, plasma amylase activity, and myeloperoxidase content. Additionally, necrosis and mitochondrial
function was tested in primary pancreatic acinar cells. The interactions between hesperidin
and proteins involved in necrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction were further invested using in
silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations.

Results:
Hesperidin effectively ameliorated the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis by reducing
plasma amylase, pancreatic MPO, serum IL-6 levels, pancreatic edema, inflammation, and
pancreatic necrosis. Hesperidin also protected against acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury and
prevented acinar cell necrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and ATP depletion. In addition,
hesperidin exhibited a high binding affinity with SIRT1 and increased the protein levels of
SIRT1. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 abolished the protective effect of hesperidin against necrosis
in acinar cells.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that hesperidin alleviates the severity of acute necrotizing
pancreatitis by activating SIRT1, which may provide insight into the mechanisms of natural compounds
in treating AP. Hesperidin has potential as a therapeutic agent for acute necrotizing pancreatitis
and provides a new approach for novel therapeutic strategies.
Application of Thermoresponsive Smart Polymers based in situ Gel as a
Novel Carrier for Tumor Targeting
Authors: Sudhir Dhote Nidhi , Dineshbhai Patel Rajat , Kuwar Utkarsha , Agrawal Mukta , Alexander Amit , Jain Parag , Ajazuddin  
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
The temperature-triggered in situ gelling system has been revolutionized by introducing
an intelligent polymeric system. Temperature-triggered polymer solutions are initially in a sol state
and then undergo a phase transition to form a gel at body temperature due to various parameters
like pH, temperature, and so on. These smart polymers offer a number of advantages, including
ease of administration, long duration of release of the drug, low administration frequency with
good patient compliance, and targeted drug delivery with fewer adverse effects. Polymers such as
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly (N, N′-diethyl acrylamide),
and polyoxypropylene (PPO) have been briefly discussed. In addition to various novel
Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), the smart temperature-triggered polymeric system has various applications
in cancer therapy and many other disease conditions. This review focuses on the principals
involved in situ gelling systems using various temperature-triggered polymers for chemotherapeutic
purposes, using smart DDS, and their advanced application in cancer therapy, as well as available
marketed formulations and recent advances in these thermoresponsive sol-gel transforming
systems.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Chrysanthemum morifolium:
An Ethnopharmacological Perspective
Authors: Ojha Smriti , Vishwakarma Pratik Kumar , Tripathi Shivendra Mani , Mishra Sudhanshu 
Published: August 2023

Aim:
The current manuscript aims to discuss the ethnopharmacological relevance of the
common plant Chrysanthemum morifolium, also known as pot mums and its potential therapeutic
applications.

Methods:
A bibliography survey was carried out using various electronic databases like google
scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, Scopus, PubMed, Wiley, etc. Other offline, as well as, online academic
libraries were also used for the bibliography survey and compilation of data.

Result and Discussion:
Traditional remedies have grown in both therapeutic and economic importance
around the world and are used by various groups of people. While the use of these medications
has grown, there are still concerns about their consistency, safety, and efficacy in many areas.
Chrysanthemum is the peak three of the world’s mainly significant cut flowers with an important
herb of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It contains abundant volatile oil and flavonoids. It has
been used for a long time to treat allergies, cardiovascular disease, severe flu, hypertension, and
sore throat. It also has characteristics such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, aromatic, demulcent,
febrifuge, hepatic, hypotensive, refrigerant, etc.

Conclusion:
It can be established from the complete study that various active constituents can be
isolated from the plant which has potential therapeutic value and justifies its use on modern scientific
parameters.
Interpretation and Classification of Phonocardiogram Using Principal
Component Analysis
Authors: Jatia Nikita , Kumar Sachin , Veer Karan 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Large datasets are logically common yet frequently difficult to interpret.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a technique to reduce the dimensionality of a dataset.

Objective:
The main objective of this work is to use principal component analysis to interpret and
classify phonocardiogram signals.

Methods:
Finding new factors aids in the reduction of important components of an eigenvalue/
eigenvector problem, thus enabling the new factors to be represented by the current dataset and
making PCA a flexible data analysis tool. PCA is adaptable to a variety of systems created to update
different data types and technology advancements.

Results:
Signals acquired from a patient, i.e., bio-signals, are used to investigate the patient's
strength. One such bio-signal of central significance is the phonocardiogram (PCG), which addresses
the working of the heart. Any change in the PCG signal is a characteristic proportion of
heart failure, an arrhythmia condition.

Conclusion:
Long-term observation is difficult due to the many complexities, such as the lack of
human competence and the high chance of misdiagnosis.