bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling a pilot-scale bio-geo-filter for removing soluble nitrate
Authors: Sirouspour Somayeh , Parvinnia Mohammad , Shokrollahi Ardeshir , khalili Reza 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study uses alternate layers of non-woven geotextile and granular soil to remove soluble nitrate. The mixing weight ratios of PRB materials are 25% sand, 25% anthracite, 20% zeolite, 20% iron filings, and 10% poplar sawdust. Synthetic wastewater with an initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/l is introduced to the filter over 25 minutes of the filter breakthrough curve (BTC). The BTC from the column test is assumed as a normal curve and the obtained longitudinal dispersion coefficient is equal to 1×10− 7m2/s. The filter reduces the amount of nitrate by 99% within nine days. CTRAN/W software properly estimates the contaminant transport in the filter. However, the BTC obtained by the software cannot estimate the total time for a complete breakthrough under laboratory conditions. At the same time, it can determine the nitrate breakthrough time close to the experimental model.
“No one would give me that job in Australia”: When professional identities intersect with how teachers look, speak and where they come from
Authors: Nigar Nashid , Kostogriz Alex , Gruney Laura , Janfada Mahtab 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The article investigates how non-native English-speaking teachers’ (NNESTs) professional identities can be affected by their employment experiences in Australia. Qualitative analysis of narrative data provided by a group of NNESTs demonstrates how their professional identities were negatively affected by hiring discrimination, which also had psycho-emotional impacts on their professional selves. Socio-cultural representations of race, English language use, gender, and other cultural attributes convergingly contributed to their unemployment despite meeting country-specific eligibility criteria to be English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers. The interplay between their professional identities and socio-cultural constructs took shape “as modalities of power implicated in the historically specific processes—economic, political, and cultural” (Brah, 2014, p. 110), which included discourses of native-speakerism, neo-racism, post-colonialism, neoliberalism, and multiculturalism.
Single-crystal analysis of La-doped pyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl]
Authors: Sordyl Julia , Rakovan John , Burns Peter C. , Topolska Justyna , Włodek Adam , Szymanowski Jennifer E.S. , Sigmon Ginger E. , Majka Jarosław , Manecki Maciej 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) in calcium apatite have been widely described in the literature. Based on the investigations of minerals and their synthetic analogs, the mechanism of substitution of REE3+ for Ca2+ and their structural positions are well established. Although the presence of REE in natural pyromorphite has been reported, the structural response of substitution of REE3+ for Pb2+ is not established. A better understanding of REE-rich Pb-apatite may facilitate the potential use of this mineral in industrial processes. Two La-doped pyromorphite analogs [Pb5(PO4)3Cl] and two control pyromorphite analogs (with the absence of La) were synthesized from aqueous solutions at 25 °C. Na+ and K+ were used as charge-compensating ions to facilitate the incorporation of trivalent REE cations (La3+ + Na+ ↔ 2Pb2+ and La3+ + K+ ↔ 2Pb2+). Microprobe analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to confirm the purity of obtained phases. High-precision crystal structure refinements (R1 = 0.0140–0.0225) of all four compounds were performed from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The La content varied from 0.12(1) to 0.19(1) atoms per formula unit with the counter ions of K+ and Na+, respectively. Both substituting ions were accommodated at the Pb1 site only. By comparing the La-doped pyromorphite analogs with their control samples, it was possible to detect small changes in bond distances and polyhedral volumes caused by the La substitution. Variations in individual and mean interatomic distances reflected the cumulative effect of both the amount of substitution and ionic radii of substituting ions (La3+, Na+, and K+).
Sensitivity of a collisional single-atom spin probe
Authors: Nettersheim Jens , Bouton Quentin , Adam Daniel , Widera Artur 
Published: February 2023

We study the sensitivity of a collisional single-atom probe for
ultracold gases. Inelastic spin-exchange collisions map information
about the gas temperature T or external magnetic field B onto the
quantum spin-population of single-atom probes, and previous work showed
enhanced sensitivity for short-time nonequilibrium spin dynamics [Phys.
Rev. X 10, 011018 (2020)]. Here, we numerically investigate the
steady-state sensitivity of such single-atom probes to various
observables. We find that the probe shows distinct sensitivity maxima in
the (B,T) parameter diagram, although the underlying spin-exchange rates
scale monotonically with temperature and magnetic field. In parameter
space, the probe generally has the largest sensitivity when sensing the
energy ratio between thermal energy and Zeeman energy in an externally
applied magnetic field, while the sensitivity to the absolute energy,
i.e., the sum of kinetic and Zeeman energy, is low. We identify the
parameters yielding sensitivity maxima for a given absolute energy,
which we can relate to a direct comparison of the thermal
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution with the Zeeman-energy splitting. We
compare our equilibrium results to nonequilibrium experimental results
from a single-atom quantum probe, showing that the sensitivity maxima in
parameter space qualitatively prevail also in the nonequilibrium
dynamics, while a quantitative difference remains. Our work thereby
offers a microscopic explanation for the properties and performance of
this single-atom quantum probe, connecting thermodynamic properties to
microscopic interaction mechanisms. Our results pave the way for
optimization of quantum-probe applications in (B,T) parameter space
beyond the previously shown boost by nonequilibrium dynamics.
Water reuse in agriculture: a case study in Konya Closed Basin
Authors: Yazici Burcu , Taner Hatice 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Konya Closed Basin (KCB) is one of the hotspots in Turkiye due to intense agricultural activities and high demand for irrigation. Over 90% of the total available water is consumed for irrigation of which is predominantly met from groundwater bodies. Therefore, current agricultural practices need to be revisited and water reuse should be taken into consideration to sustain water resources and the ecosystem of the basin. To this end, a case study has been carried out in KCB on reclaimed water (RW) use for sugar beet and corn production. The first-term results revealed no adverse impacts on soil conditions irrigated with RW. Corn production increased by 7% with RW irrigation. Although a drop of 9% was observed in sugar beet yield with RW, the overall results obtained for the first-term period, both for corn and sugar beet, indicate that better yields could be attained through RW in addition to providing an alternative water resource, particularly in water-scarce regions.
The changing rules of the composite roughness in drainage pipelines with sediments
Authors: Sun Bin , Yang Runzhi , Tong An , Chen Shizhe , Li Zhiwei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The deposition of sediments with different roughness increases uncertainty in the prediction of effective Manning's n (also known as composite roughness). In this paper, the changing rules of composite roughness and the influence on the discharge capacity of drainage pipes under different flows and slopes were studied by experimental measurement and numerical simulation. When the Froude number is less than 1, the composite roughness decreases gradually with the increase of flow. When the Froude number is more than 1, the composite roughness increases at first and then decreases with the increase of flow. It also showed that the different bed roughness has a great influence on composite roughness, which affects the hydraulic characteristics of flow. The composite roughness of the drainage pipe increases as the bed roughness increases. The water surface rises and the average velocity decreases under a certain slope and flow. The formulas for calculating the composite roughness are obtained by analogy analysis, which can provide theoretical support for the design of the drainage pipeline.
A new method for measurement and calculation of unit width suspended sediment transport rate
Authors: Zheng Haolei , Sun Zhilin , Zheng Rong , Sun Lixia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The unit width suspended sediment transport rate is the basis for calculating river sediment flux, which provides an important measure of river hydrology and morpho-dynamics. By integrating the vertical distribution of the suspended sediment concentration and logarithmic flow velocity, the formula for unit width suspended sediment transport rate is presented. Based on this formula, the calculation of the near-bed relative transport rate missing in field measurement is given. Moreover, a new stratified water sampling device is invented for suspended sediment transport rate measurement by the six-point method at Mengsheng hydrological station in the Lancang River basin. Results of 24 sets of measurements show that the near-bed relative sediment transport rate ranges from 3.4 to 10.7% and is significantly positively correlated with the suspension index. The unit width suspended sediment transport rate measured by the traditional depth integrating method is on average 15.0% smaller than that calculated by the theoretical formula, which can be a reference for correcting the sediment transport rate based on the traditional method. This work provides a new device and a new method for the measurement and calculation of the unit width transport rate of suspended sediment, which has theoretical and practical significance.
The Impact of Dam Reservoir on Flood Reduction (Case Study Logung Reservoir, Kudus, Central Java)
Authors: Fajriani Qonaah Rizqi , Nur Utari Khoirunnisa Ulya , Nurulita Ria 
Published: February 2023

The Indonesian government targeted building 65 reservoirs and dams in 2015-2022. The purpose is to maintain food security facing the long-term climate crisis, besides reducing the impact of a flood. Logung Reservoir is located on the Logung River, Kudus, Central Java. This earth-fill dam was built to solve the flood and drought problems in Kudus. However, the existence of the Logung Reservoir gives a risk to the downsteam area. The purpose of this research is to study flood reduction and the risk of overtopping, which can cause a dam break, and to calculate the Logung Reservoir spillway's performance in handling floods. This study is based on four main steps: the rainfal-runoff modelling, the extreme rainfall estimation, the hydrograph inflow of the dam estimation, and the evaluation of food reduction. The results of the 1000-year rainfall analysis and PMP for the Logung dam basin were 409 mm and 704 mm, respectively. Rainfall distribution is made using ABM, and effective rainfall is calculated by the SCS method. Land use analysis in the Logung dam watershed obtained a CN-II of 71.4 and a CN-III of 85.2. The rainfall-runoff transformation method used a unit hydrograph. The Nakayasu and Gama-I unit hydrographs show significant differences from the peak discharge, although not for the time base. The flood hydrograph design affects the reservoir performance. The reservoir flood routing results a dumping efficiency of 35% for the 1000-year and 21% for PMF. The 1000-year flood routing shows that there was no risk of overtopping. The highest water level on the PMF flood routing at +94.1. Several solutions can prevent overtopping by reducing inflow discharge through small dams upstream, increasing the green area, or modifying spillway structure.
Reengineering of logistics processes as the basis for the establishment and operation of logistics centres in the construction industry
Authors: Sborshikov Sergey B. , Lazareva Natalia V. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Digital and technological transformations of the national economy and the investment and construction sector as its integral part determine the need for the qualitative transformation of technical solutions in respect of both managerial and technological processes, referred to as reengineering in the present-day theory and practice. In turn, not only the main production activity is subject to such transformations, but also supplementary activities, including logistic support. In this regard, there is a contradiction between the transformed research and technology fundamentals of construction processes and traditional forms, as well as practical implementation patterns. In the field of logistics, this problem can be solved by logistics centres that are closely related to production and engineering structures. The purpose of the study is to establish a scientific rationale for the logistics efficiency intensification and improvement using logistics centres amid digital and technological transformation of the construction industry. This mission determines the following research tasks: establishing the nature of changes in flow management patterns applied to material and technical resources in the construction industry; proposing new configurations of these flows using logistics centres, determine the their position in the overall corporate structure. It is for the first time that this problem is formulated this way, which indicates its originality. The study is focused on logistics processes and their reengineering. Logistics centres are chosen as the subject of the study. Its practical value is a combination of the reengineering theory and new corporate structures such as production, engineering and logistics centres focused on intensifying processes of construction and enhancing the quality of the output.
Materials and methods. The theory of logistics of regulatory impacts is used as the main methodological approach. Structural and functional analysis is used to confirm certain assumptions. Earlier research, as well as publications of local and foreign researchers, was used by the authors as the source data.
Results. An organizational chart is proposed for the establishment and operation of a logistics centre in the construction industry; principal diagrams are developed for the flows of materials and resources; they are used to demonstrate interaction between a construction facility and a logistics centre.
Conclusions. A logistics centre is a promising tool for modernizing and intensifying the logistic support of construction processes; it unlocks a high potential for the economic efficiency and competitiveness, cuts hidden losses and is primarily determined by lower downtime and a smaller amount of in-house and external defective construction products.
Development of a methodology underlying a deterministic model of construction work arrangements on the basis of the concept of an organizational and technological platform for construction
Authors: Lapidus Azariy A. , Motylev Roman V. , Sokolnikov Vladimir V. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Presently, intensively developing digital technologies can be contributed to theoretical models, engineering designs, as well as construction implementation methods. The article addresses the justification of a methodology underlying a deterministic model of construction work arrangements, designed to eliminate a methodological gap between theoretical methods of research and simulation, engineering methods of design and methods of implementing solutions to problems of construction processes.
Materials and methods. Relations between the key sets of elements of construction processes were identified to justify the methodology, underlying the deterministic model of construction arrangements, using methods of the general theory of systems. Approaches to development of an organizational and technological platform in the construction industry and researches in the field of organizational and technological reliability of construction processes are also provided. Model elements are presented as a consolidated block diagram of methods, technological and administrative procedures, as well as construction process periods. The authors present a system for classifying theoretical models that are applicable to construction process research.
Results. The methodology, underlying the deterministic model of construction process arrangements, is justified by a system of linear equations, describing construction process components. Construction process components are determined by the structural block diagram of construction process arrangement methods. Parameters and variables of equations convey a unified organizational and technological construction platform, and they can serve as a constituent of the criterion of meeting scheduled deadlines in the course of evaluating the organizational and technological reliability of the construction process.
Conclusions. The methodology, underlying the deterministic model of construction process arrangements, based on the concept of an organizational and technological platform of construction processes, represents a structure of algorithms designed to coordinate decisions concerning construction processes, obtained using various methods. This coordination is implemented using sets of ratios between technological and organizational parameters of construction processes and the criterion of predicted time reserves needed for the implementation of current processes and related engineering operations, given that resources and time are still available according to the construction schedule.
Reconstruction of the Holy Trinity Zelenetsky monastery in the context of an increasing number of pilgrims and tourists
Authors: Shvetsova-Shilovskaya Elizaveta A. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The reconstruction of Orthodox monastery complexes in the Russian North faces a number of challenges arising due to a dramatic increase in the number of pilgrims and tourists, as well as the restoration of traditional and emergence of new functions performed by monasteries. The author investigates the reconstruction of the Holy Trinity Zelenetsky Monastery (“the Zelenetsky Monastery”) in the Leningrad region amid an increasing number of visitors. By now, all the main traditional functions of this monastery have been restored in some way.
Materials and methods. The authors use an integrated approach to identify the general principles that allow solving the most relevant problems of the Zelenetsky Monastery. This approach includes investigation of historical and design documents on the monastery architecture, analysis of functions performed by this monastery, analysis of restoration results, as well as the comprehensive assessment of the outcome of recommendations proposed here.
Results. We propose a number of specific recommendations aimed at improving the architectural ensemble of the Zele­netsky Monastery. These recommendations are concerned with the master plan of the Zelenetsky Monastery, as well as the buildings of its main functional groups. The recommendations, that were formulated and justified earlier, are based on four general principles dealing with the reconstruction and development of Orthodox monastery complexes in the Russian North under the present-day conditions.
Conclusions. The authors have developed recommendations for the reconstruction of the Zelenetsky Monastery. The implementation of these recommendations leads to the optimal zoning of the monastery area, preservation of its architectural ensemble and surrounding natural landscape. It also ensures the best conditions for monastery visitors and brethren.
Prediction of principal stresses from external loads in sandy soils and ash-slag mixtures
Authors: Lunev Aleksandr A. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Earlier studies indicate that a change in the structure of any material triggers a change in its stress state development pattern. It is obvious that when the type of soil, humidity and density of the massif change, its mechanical characteristics and the stress state change respectively. Therefore, to study the influence of genesis on the stress state, the authors analyzed dependences, proposed for predicting maximum principal stresses arising in soil massifs subjected to external loading by a round plate. The analysis shows that taking into account the features of the stress state development in the proposed models is connected with mechanical characteristics of soils. However, previous studies show that these dependencies are not universal.
Materials and methods. To verify the adequacy of the solutions, experimental studies were conducted to determine pressures arising in sandy soils, ash-slag mixtures subjected to external loading. Physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials in the state under study were determined (such as the angle of internal friction, specific adhesion, modulus of deformation (elasticity)).
Results. The experiments show that the pressure attenuation intensity increases with depth along with the increasing density of massifs, regardless of the genesis, and attenuation is more intense in ash-slag mixtures. The authors have found that the development of stresses in soils of various genesis can be described by applying solutions based on the mechanics of the granular medium (Kandaurov’s solution) and continuum mechanics (this solution was proposed by Frohlich).
Conclusions. The results of the work demonstrate the need to employ different approaches to predicting the stress state in soils of various genesis. Correlations between mechanical characteristics of soils (such as the friction angle and the modulus of elasticity) and parameters of the distributing medium indicate the need to study clay and other types of man-made soils.
Calculation of the level of energy efficient heat protection
Authors: Frolova Anastasiya A. , Lukhmenev Pavel I. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The choice of the level of heat protection of buildings should be based on the economic performance of buildings, taking into account the cost of maintaining the pre-set thermal microclimate on the premises. Hence, it is necessary to initially determine the amount of energy consumed by the heating, atmospheric and mechanical cooling of buildings. Towards this end, buildings that are different in size and have different numbers of storeys are studied. These buildings are located in various Russian regions featuring different periods of heating and solar radiation intensity. They are Moscow (central Russia), Astrakhan (southern region) and Vorkuta (northern region).
Materials and methods. The problem is solved computationally; the authors use buildings of different geometry that are located in Moscow, Astrakhan and Vorkuta. Various levels of heat protection of external walls and coatings, as well as different values of heat gain are considered. For all options, annual energy costs are calculated using primary fuel costs. Simulation and comparison were chosen as the main research methods.
Results. The results are presented in the form of tables of annual primary energy consumption required to maintain the pre-set thermal parameters for various building options featuring different levels of heat protection and heat gain.
Conclusions. According to the research findings, the highest level of heat protection is the best heat protection option from the standpoint of energy consumption in the cities under consideration (Moscow, Astrakhan and Vorkuta). Year-round heat gains reduce the load on the heating system during cold seasons; however, they have a negative impact du­ring warm seasons and transition periods due to the additional load on the air conditioning system. According to the calculation results, if the building heat density equals or exceeds 40 W/m2, some rooms may need cooling during cold seasons.