bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misperceptions in sociopolitical context: belief sensitivity’s relationship with battleground state status and partisan segregation
Authors: Li Qin , Bond Robert M , Garrett R Kelly 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that individuals’ belief sensitivity—their ability to discriminate between true and false political statements—varies according to psychological and demographic characteristics. We argue that sensitivity also varies with the political and social communication contexts in which they live. Both battleground state status of the state in which individuals live and the level of partisan segregation in a state are associated with Americans’ belief sensitivity. We leverage panel data collected from two samples of Americans, one collected in the first half of 2019 and the other during the 2020 U.S. presidential campaign season. Results indicate that the relationship between living in battleground states and belief sensitivity is contingent on political ideology: living in battleground states, versus in Democratic-leaning states, is associated with lower belief sensitivity among conservatives and higher belief sensitivity among liberals. Moreover, living in a less politically segregated state is associated with greater belief sensitivity. These relationships were only in evidence in the election year.
Five accelerated schedules for the tick-borne encephalitis vaccine FSME-Immun® in last-minute travellers: an open-label, single-centre, randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Berens-Riha Nicole , Andries Petra , Aerssens Annelies , Ledure Quentin , Van Der Beken Yolien , Heyndrickx Leo , Genbrugge Els , Tsoumanis Achilleas , Van Herrewege Yven , Ariën Kevin K , Van Innis Martine , Vanbrabant Peter , Soentjens Patrick ,   FASTBEPROTECT Research Team, Spiessens An , Landuyt Hanne , de Viron Emeline , Zaman Kristy , Dooms Eric , Djebara Sarah , Ghoos Katrijn , Michiels Johan , Willems Betty , Buyze Jozefien , Damanet Benjamin , De Koninck Katrien , Hing Mony , De Hondt Annelies 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate different accelerated tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine schedules for last-minute travellers.

Methods
In a single-centre, open-label pilot study, 77 TBE-naïve Belgian soldiers were randomized to one of the following five schedules with FSME-Immun®: group 1 (‘classical accelerated’ schedule) received one intramuscular (IM) dose at Day 0 and Day 14, group 2 two IM doses at Day 0, group 3 two intradermal (ID) doses at Day 0, group 4 two ID doses at Day 0 and Day 7 and group 5 two ID doses at Day 0 and Day 14. The last dose(s) of the primary vaccination scheme were given after 1 year: IM (1 dose) or ID (2 doses). TBE virus neutralizing antibodies were measured in a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90 and 50) at Days 0, 14, 21, 28, Months 3, 6, 12 and 12+21 days. Seropositivity was defined as neutralizing antibody titres ≥10.

Results
The median age was 19–19.5 years in each group.
Median time to seropositivity up to Day 28 was shortest for PRNT90 in ID-group 4 and for PRNT50 in all ID groups. Seroconversion until Day 28 peaked highest for PRNT90 in ID-group 4 (79%) and for PRNT50 in ID-groups 4 and 5 (both 100%). Seropositivity after the last vaccination after 12 months was high in all groups. Previous yellow fever vaccination was reported in 16% and associated with lower geometric mean titres of TBE-specific antibodies at all-time points.
The vaccine was generally well tolerated. However, mild to moderate local reactions occurred in 73–100% of ID compared with 0–38% of IM vaccinations, and persistent discolouration was observed in nine ID vaccinated individuals.

Conclusion
The accelerated two-visit ID schedules might offer a better immunological alternative to the recommended classical accelerated IM schedule, but an aluminium-free vaccine would be preferable.
Pre-travel vaccine information needs, attitudes, drivers of uptake and the role for decision aids in travel medicine
Authors: McGuinness Sarah L , Eades Owen , Seale Holly , Cheng Allen C , Leder Karin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Many travellers do not receive vaccines pre-travel. Tools such as vaccine decision aids could support informed vaccine decision-making. We aimed to characterise Australians’ pre-travel vaccine attitudes, behaviours and information needs and examine the role for decision aids in travel medicine.

Methods
Online cross-sectional survey of Australian adults in December 2022. We included questions on demographics, pre-travel health-seeking behaviour, and information needs. We measured vaccine confidence (Vaccine Confidence Index Index) and used hypothetical disease scenarios to evaluate behavioural and social drivers of vaccination. We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify predictors of vaccine uptake and thematically analysed free-text responses.

Results
We received complete survey responses from 1223/1326 Australians (92% response rate). Amongst those reporting previous overseas travel, 67% (778/1161) reported past pre-travel health encounter(s) and 64% (743/1161) reported past pre-travel vaccination. Half (50%) strongly agreed that vaccines were important for their health; fewer strongly agreed that vaccines were safe (37%) and effective (38%). In multivariable analyses, past pre-travel vaccine uptake was associated with increasing age (OR = 1.17 [95% CI 1.08–1.27] p &lt; 0.001 per ten-year increase) and travel to higher-risk destinations (OR = 2.92 [2.17–3.93] p &lt; 0.001); travellers visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) were less likely to have received pre-travel vaccines (OR = 0.74 [0.56–0.97] p = 0.028). Predictors for wanting vaccination against hypothetical diseases included past pre-travel vaccination (Disease X: OR 2.60 [1.91–3.56] p &lt; 0.001) and confidence in vaccine safety (Disease X: OR 7.18 [5.07–10.18], p &lt; 0.001); past VFR travel was predictive of not wanting vaccination (Disease X: OR 0.72 [0.52–1.00], p = 0.049). Most (63%) were interested in using a vaccine decision aid, generally together with a trusted health professional.

Conclusions
Health professionals play an important role in supporting pre-travel vaccine decision-making. However, our findings indicate that reliable, accurate and engaging digital resources, such as decision aids, could support travellers to make informed pre-travel vaccine decisions.
Fundamental effective temperature measurements for eclipsing binary stars – IV. Selection of new benchmark stars and first results for HD 22064
Authors: Maxted Pierre F L 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
I describe the selection and initial characterization of 20 eclipsing binary stars that are suitable for calibration and testing of stellar models and data analysis algorithms used by the PLATO mission and spectroscopic surveys. The binary stars selected are F-/G-type dwarf stars with M-type dwarf companions that contribute less than 2 per cent of the flux at optical wavelengths. The light curves typically show well-defined total eclipses with very little variability between the eclipses. I have used near-infrared spectra obtained by the APOGEE survey to measure the spectroscopic orbit for both stars in HD 22064. Combined with an analysis of the TESS light curve, I derive the following masses and radii: M1 = 1.35 ± 0.03M⊙, M2 = 0.58 ± 0.01M⊙, R1 = 1.554 ± 0.014R⊙, R2 = 0.595 ± 0.008R⊙. Using R1 and the parallax from Gaia EDR3, I find that the primary star’s angular diameter is θ = 0.1035 ± 0.0009 mas. The apparent bolometric flux of the primary star is ${\mathcal {F}}_{{\oplus },0} = (7.51\pm 0.09)\times 10^{-9}$ erg cm−2 s−1. Hence, this F2V star has an effective temperature $T_{\rm eff,1} = 6763{\rm \, K} \pm 39{\rm \, K}$. HD 22064 is an ideal benchmark star that can be used for ‘end-to-end’ tests of the stellar parameters measured by large-scale spectroscopic surveys or stellar parameters derived from asteroseismology with PLATO. The techniques described here for HD 22064 can be applied to the other eclipsing binaries in the sample in order to create an all-sky network of such benchmark stars.
A physically derived eddy parametrization for giant planet atmospheres with application on hot-Jupiters
Authors: Arfaux Anthony , Lavvas Panayotis 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a parametrization for the eddy diffusion profile of gas giant exoplanets based on physical phenomena and we explore how the parametrized eddy profile impacts the chemical composition, the thermal structure, the haze microphysics, and the transit spectra of eight hot-Jupiters. Our eddy parametrization depends on the planetary intrinsic temperature (Tint), we thus evaluate how the increase of this parameter to values higher than those typically used (∼100 K) impacts the atmospheric structure and composition. Our investigation demonstrates that despite the strong impact of Tint on the chemical composition of the deep atmosphere, the upper atmosphere is not affected for Teq &gt; 1300 K owing to high altitude quench levels at these conditions. Below this threshold, however, the larger atmospheric temperatures produced by increasing Tint affect the quenched chemical composition. Our eddy parametrization depends on two parameters, the eddy magnitude at the radiative–convective boundary (K0) and the corresponding magnitude at the homopause (Ktop). We demonstrate that, when using common K0 and Ktop values among most of the different planet cases studied, we derive transit spectra consistent with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. Moreover, our simulations show that increasing the eddy profile enhances the photochemical production of haze particles and reduces their average radius, thus providing a steeper UV-Visible slope. Finally, we demonstrate for WASP-39b that the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST) observations provide improved constraints for the hazes and clouds and we show that both components seem necessary to interpret the combined transit spectrum from HST and JWST observations.
Mid-infrared dusty torus sizes in active galactic nuclei with Hβ reverberation mapping
Authors: Chen Yong-Jie , Liu Jun-Rong , Zhai Shuo , Yao Zhu-Heng , Li Yan-Rong , Du Pu , Hu Chen , Guo Wei-Jian , Xiao Ming , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Wang Jian-Min 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We compile optical and mid-infrared light curves from the time-domain surveys (i.e. CRTS, PTF, ZTF, and ASAS-SN) and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) archive for a selected sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with Hβ reverberation mapping (RM) measurements. We measure the time lags (and thus torus sizes) of W1 (∼3.4 $\mu$ m) and W2 (∼4.6 $\mu$ m) band light curves relative to the optical one using the MICA method. Through Hβ RM, the sample has well-measured AGN properties, therefore allowing us to reliably constrain the relations between torus sizes and AGN properties. We perform linear regressions for the relations between torus sizes and 5100 Å luminosities ($R\propto L_{5100}^{\beta }$ ) in two cases: β = 0.5 and β set free. The latter case yields β ≈ 0.37 ± 0.028 for both W1 and W2 bands, shallower than the expected value of 0.5, possibly due to the dependence of torus size on accretion rate. For β = 0.5, by combining with the previous K band RM measurements, we obtain the characteristic broad-line region (BLR) and tours sizes following RBLR:RK :RW1:RW2 = 1.0:6.2:9.2:11.2. We investigate the deviations of the W1 and W2 band observed torus sizes from the corresponding best-fitting relations (with β = 0.5) and find that they both are correlated with accretion rate. As the accretion rate increases, the torus sizes tend to be shortened compared to the anticipated sizes from the best-fitting relations, similar to the behaviour found in BLRs. Such behaviours can be explained by the self-shadowing effect of slim discs. This is further supported by ratios of the W1 and W2 band torus sizes to BLR sizes, which do not show significant correlations with AGN properties.
Revisiting K2-233 spectroscopic time-series with multidimensional Gaussian processes
Authors: Barragán Oscar , Gillen Edward , Aigrain Suzanne , Meech Annabella , Klein Baptiste , Nielsen Louise Dyregaard , Yu Haochuan , O’Sullivan Niamh K , Nicholson Belinda A , Lillo-Box Jorge 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Detecting planetary signatures in radial velocity time-series of young stars is challenging due to their inherently strong stellar activity. However, it is possible to learn information about the properties of the stellar signal by using activity indicators measured from the same stellar spectra used to extract radial velocities. In this manuscript, we present a reanalysis of spectroscopic High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher data of the young star K2-233, which hosts three transiting planets. We perform a multidimensional Gaussian process regression on the radial velocity and the activity indicators to characterize the planetary Doppler signals. We demonstrate, for the first time on a real data set, that the use of a multidimensional Gaussian process can boost the precision with which we measure the planetary signals compared to a one-dimensional Gaussian process applied to the radial velocities alone. We measure the semi-amplitudes of K2-233 b, c, and d as $1.31_{-0.74}^{+0.81}$ , $1.81_{-0.67}^{+0.71}$ ,  and $2.72_{-0.70}^{+0.66}$${\rm m\, s^{-1}}$ , which translate into planetary masses of $2.4_{-1.3}^{+1.5}$ , $4.6_{-1.7}^{+1.8}$ , and $10.3_{-2.6}^{+2.4}$ M⊕, respectively. These new mass measurements make K2-233 d a valuable target for transmission spectroscopy observations with JWST. K2-233 is the only young system with two detected inner planets below the radius valley and a third outer planet above it. This makes it an excellent target to perform comparative studies, to inform our theories of planet evolution, formation, migration, and atmospheric evolution.
Revisiting multiwavelength data on the supersoft X-ray source CAL 83
Authors: Stecchini P E , Perez Diaz M , D’Amico F , Jablonski F 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
In this study, we revisit public data on the supersoft X-ray source CAL 83 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. A significant part of our analysis is focused on XMM–Newton X-ray observations, in which updated data reduction procedures and quality assessment were applied. We report on the capability of publicly available hot atmosphere models in describing the source’s soft X-ray spectrum. By gathering historical flux measurements in multiple wavelengths and comparing them with the fluxes derived from the X-ray analysis, we find that an ∼360 kK phenomenological blackbody model describes the spectral energy distribution of CAL 83 fairly well. We also retrieve data from the XMM–Newton ultraviolet (UV)/optical camera, which is co-aligned with the X-ray instruments and provides strictly simultaneous measurements. These observations demonstrate that the X-ray emission is definitely anti-correlated with emission at longer wavelengths on a time-scale of days to weeks. A closer look at simultaneous X-ray and UV count rates in single light curves reveals that the anti-correlated behaviour is actually present on time-scales as short as minutes, suggesting that the origin of variable emission in the system is not unique.
The largest bright ULX population in a galaxy: X-ray variability and luminosity function in the Cartwheel ring galaxy
Authors: Salvaggio Chiara , Wolter A , Belfiore A , Colpi M 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We analyse all the available Chandra observations of the Cartwheel galaxy and its compact group, taken between 2001 and 2008, with the main aim of addressing the variability in the X-ray band for this spectacular collisional ring galaxy. We focus on the study of point-like sources, in particular we are interested in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs; LX ≥ 1039 erg s−1), that we treat as a class. We exploit archival XMM–Newton data to enrich the study of the long-term variability, on time-scales of months to years. We find a total of 44 sources in the group area, of which 37 in total are ULXs positionally linked with the galaxies and of which we can study variability. They are 29 in the Cartwheel itself, seven in G1, and one in G3. About one-third of these 37 sources show long-term variability, while no variability is detected within the single observations. Of those, five ULXs have a transient behaviour with a maximum range of variability (Lmax/Lmin) of about one order of magnitude and are the best candidate neutron stars. The X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of the point-like sources remains consistent in shape between the Chandra observations both for the Cartwheel galaxy itself and for G1, suggesting that flux variability does not strongly influence the average properties of the population on the observation time-scales.
Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines Versus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Pregnant Women and Vaccine-Induced Antibody Transfer to Infants
Authors: Dawood Fatimah S , Tita Alan , Stockwell Melissa S , Newes-Adeyi Gabriella , Wielgosz Kristina , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Battarbee Ashley , Reichle Lawrence , Thornburg Natalie , Ellington Sascha , Galang Romeo R , Vorwaller Kelly , Vargas Celibell Y , Morrill Tyler , Parks Mickey , Powers Emily , Gibson Marie , Varner Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine trials excluded pregnant women, resulting in limited data about immunogenicity and maternal–fetal antibody transfer, particularly by gestational timing of vaccination.

Methods
In this multicenter observational immunogenicity study, pregnant and nonpregnant women receiving COVID-19 vaccines were prospectively enrolled. Participants had sera collected before vaccination, at 14–28 days after each vaccine dose, at delivery (umbilical cord and peripheral), and from their infants at 3 and 6 months. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ID50 neutralizing antibody (nAb) against D614G-like viruses were compared by participant characteristics.

Results
Overall, 23 nonpregnant and 85 pregnant participants (trimester of first vaccine dose: 10 first, 47 second, 28 third) were enrolled. Ninety-three percent (76/82 with blood samples) of pregnant participants had detectable SARS-CoV-2 nAb after 2 vaccine doses, but GMTs (95% confidence intervals) were lower in pregnant participants than nonpregnant participants (1722 [1136–2612] vs 4419 [2012–9703]; P = .04). By 3 and 6 months, 28% and 74% of infants, respectively, of vaccinated participants had no detectable nAb to D614G-like viruses. Among the 71 pregnant participants without detectable nAb before vaccination, cord blood GMTs at delivery were 5-fold higher among participants vaccinated during the third versus first trimester, and cord blood nAb titers appeared inversely correlated with weeks since first vaccine dose (R2 = 0.06, P = .06).

Conclusions
Though most pregnant women develop nAb after 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, this analysis suggests that infant protection from maternal vaccination varies by gestational timing of vaccination and wanes. Additional prevention strategies such as caregiver vaccination may warrant consideration to optimize infant protection.
Baricitinib Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Is Associated With a Reduction in Secondary Infections
Authors: Sweeney Daniel A , Tuyishimire Bonifride , Ahuja Neera , Beigel John H , Beresnev Tatiana , Cantos Valeria D , Castro Jose G , Cohen Stuart H , Cross Kaitlyn , Dodd Lori E , Erdmann Nathan , Fung Monica , Ghazaryan Varduhi , George Sarah L , Grimes Kevin A , Hynes Noreen A , Julian Kathleen G , Kandiah Sheetal , Kim Hannah Jang , Levine Corri B , Lindholm David A , Lye David C , Maves Ryan C , Oh Myoung-don , Paules Catharine , Rapaka Rekha R , Short Willam R , Tomashek Kay M , Wolfe Cameron R , Kalil Andre C 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe performed a secondary analysis of the National Institutes of Health-sponsored Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT-2) randomized controlled trial and found that baricitinib was associated with a 50% reduction in secondary infections after controlling for baseline and postrandomization patient characteristics. This finding provides a novel mechanism of benefit for baricitinib and supports the safety profile of this immunomodulator for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.
Causes and consequences of nest-site fidelity in a tropical lekking bird: Win-stay-lose-shift tactics are unrelated to subsequent success, but site-faithful females nest earlier
Authors: Norton Jenevieve E , DuVal Emily H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nest-site selection influences the survival of care-giving parents and their offspring, but search costs and site availability may limit site choices. Returning to previous nest sites may reduce costs and allow parents to better avoid local predators or access familiar resources. We investigated nest-site fidelity in the Lance-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata), in which long-lived females raise offspring without male assistance, and found that site choices are responsive to past success but do not predict future outcomes. We compared georeferenced nest locations for the same females detected in consecutive years (245 comparisons for 138 females) and females nesting repeatedly within a year (137 comparisons for 97 females). Females were faithful to nesting sites in 13.9% of comparisons across years and 10.2% within years, and were more likely to nest again in the same site if their offspring fledged. When switching sites, females moved farther if their previous nest failed. Nest-site fidelity was unrelated to mate fidelity or female age. We then assessed whether site choice related to subsequent female survival, nest timing, or nest survival. Contrary to the hypothesis that win-stay-lose-shift tactics improve subsequent nesting outcomes, we found females were no more likely to fledge chicks or survive to a later year after they reused nest sites. However, across years, site-faithful females nested earlier on average than females that switched sites. Early nests were more likely to fledge chicks, and early-nesting females were more likely to renest when their first nesting effort was complete. Win-stay-lose-shift tactics may allow females to avoid areas where predation is likely, but new nest sites are not safer. Females that reuse nest sites benefit from early nest initiation, which both correlates with immediate success and creates potential for longer-term benefits of fidelity through increased opportunities to renest throughout the breeding season.
Response to LÖhr: Why We Still Need a New Normativism
Authors: Gomez-Lavin Javier , Rachar Matthew 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Guido Löhr's recent article makes several insightful and productive suggestions about how to proceed with the empirical study of collective action. However, their critique of the conclusions drawn in Gomez-Lavin & Rachar (2022) is undermined by some issues with the interpretation of the debate and paper. This discussion article clears up those issues, presents new findings from experiments developed in response to Löhr's critiques, reflects on the role of experimental research in the development and refinement of philosophical theories, and adds to Löhr's suggestions about the path forward.