bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and pulmonary embolism as the initial presentation in a child with asymptomatic primary nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Wang Qinhui , Cui Yaru , Liang Ping , Wang Chuan , Zhou Kaiyu , Ma Fan , Duan Hongyu 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is rare, but potentially life-threatening. The clinical course definitely become more unpredictable and fatal in patients complicated by pulmonary embolism (PE). Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is an uncommon etiology of CVST. Concurrence of CVST and PE at the initial onset of NS is extremely unusual and rarely reported. Considering that edema might be absent in NS individuals, thromboembolic events probably become unrecognized, thereby causing a missed or delayed diagnosis and poor outcome. Herein, we described an extraordinary case of an adolescent boy presenting with both CVST and PE initially just within 5 days of disease onset, who was ultimately diagnosed with asymptomatic NS, aiming to emphasize a high index of suspicion of these diseases in patients with conditions of hypercoagulability.Case presentationA 13-year-old male child presented acutely with dizziness, fever and dyspnea, with signs of shock but undetected edema. Initial laboratory investigations revealed hypoalbuminemia, typical images of pneumonia, and normal radiographic findings on non-enhanced computed tomography of head. Despite evidence of hypoalbuminemia and neurological symptoms, the child was still misdiagnosed as pneumonia. His dyspnea and period of headache deteriorated even if hemodynamic stability and undetected fever after initial therapy. The delayed urinalysis and 24-h urine examination both showed massive proteinuria. A computed tomography angiography of chest along with cranial magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance venography were subsequently performed, consistent with the imaging features of PE and CVST, respectively. The diagnosis of asymptomatic primary NS complicated by PE and CVST was ultimately confirmed. The patient received corticosteroids and antithrombotic therapy with satisfactory results.ConclusionA persistent clinical suspicion of CVST should be borne in mind in patients with a sudden, new or worsening headache, specifically among those with prothrombotic conditions. NS should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of risk factors for CVST, even in absence of edema. Since CVST and PE can be present simultaneously at extraordinary early-onset of NS, early radiological diagnosis is clinically substantial to proper management and satisfactory long-term outcomes.
Comparison of ocular surface assessment outcomes between healthy controls and patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome: a meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Sun Jian , He Jie , Liang Zongan 
Published: May 2023

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to determine whether ocular surface alterations are associated with disease severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods: The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO. We conducted the search in six electronic databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, and PubMed) from since the construction of the databases to 30 December 2022. The standard mean difference (SMD) and correlation coefficients are reported as measures of the effect size in the presence of retrieved data. In addition, the random effects model or fixed effects model was used in a combined analysis. Stata 11.0 and R 3.6.1 were used for statistical analyses of the data.Results: A total of 15 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria for this study. The prevalence of floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) and dry eye syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome was 40 and 48%, respectively. In addition, the Schirmer 1 value and tear break-up time (TBUT) were remarkably reduced in patients with OSAHS when compared to that of the controls. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, Oxford corneal staining scores, and the rates of loss in the meibomian glands were elevated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome when compared to that of the controls, especially those with severe disease. Moreover, the Schirmer 1 value and tear break-up time exhibited a negative correlation with the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and the OSDI showed a positive association with the apnea–hypopnea index.Conclusion: Patients with OSAHS had a greater prevalence of FES than the healthy controls. They also showed lower Schirmer 1 value and tear break-up time but had a higher OSDI, Oxford corneal staining scores, and rates of loss in the meibomian glands than the healthy controls.Clinical Trial Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=392527).
The effect of blood flow restriction training combined with electrical muscle stimulation on neuromuscular adaptation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Na , Yang Jingfeng , Liao Yuanpeng 
Published: May 2023

Objective: Low-intensity resistance training (≤25% 1RM) combined with blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is beneficial to increasing muscle mass and muscle strength, but it cannot produce increased muscle activation and neuromuscular adaptation, as traditional high-intensity strength training does. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of independently applying BFRT and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), as well as combining the two methods, on muscle function.Methods: Forty healthy participants with irregular exercise experiences were randomly assigned to four groups: BFRT-alone group (BFRT, n = 10), EMS-alone group (EMS, n = 10), BFRT combined with EMS group (CMB, n = 10), and the control group (CTR, n = 10). All participants received low-intensity squat training at a load of 25% 1RM 5 times/week for 6 weeks. Cross-sectional area (CSA) and electromyographic root mean square (RMS) in the rectus femoris, as well as peak torque (PT) of the knee extensor, were measured before and following a 6-week intervention.Results: Following the 6-week intervention, the increases in muscle activation in the CMB group were statistically higher than those in the BFRT group (p &lt; 0.001), but not different from those in the EMS group (p = 0.986).Conclusion: These data suggest that the combination of BFRT and EMS for low-intensity squat training improved the muscle strength of the lower limbs by promoting muscle hypertrophy and improving muscle activation, likely because such a combination compensates for the limitations and deficiencies of the two intervention methods when applied alone.
Trait anger and negative interpretation bias in neutral face perception
Authors: Rohrbeck Pauline , Kersting Anette , Suslow Thomas 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAnger is a basic emotion helping people to achieve goals by preparing the body for action and prompting others to change their behavior but is also associated with health issues and risks. Trait anger, the disposition to experience angry feelings, goes along with an attribution of hostile traits to others. Negative distortions in the interpretation of social information have also been observed in anxiety and depression. The present study examined the associations between components of anger and negative interpretation tendencies in the perception of ambiguous and neutral schematic faces controlling for anxiety, depressed mood, and other variables.MethodsA sample of 150 young adults performed a computer-based perception of facial expressions task and completed the State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) along with other self-report measures and tests.ResultsTrait anger and anger expression correlated with the perception of negative affects in neutral but not in ambiguous faces. More specifically, trait anger was linked to the attribution of anger, sadness, and anxiety to neutral faces. Trait anger predicted perceived negative affects in neutral faces when adjusting for anxiety, depression, and state anger.DiscussionFor neutral schematic faces, the present data support an association between trait anger and negatively biased interpretation of facial expression, which is independent of anxiety and depressed mood. The negative interpretation of neutral schematic faces in trait angry individuals seems not only to comprise the attribution of anger but also of negative emotions signaling weakness. Neutral schematic facial expressions might be useful stimuli in the future study of anger-related interpretation biases.
Analyzing the use of videoconference by and for older adults in nursing homes: an interdisciplinary approach to learn from the pandemic
Authors: Racin Céline , Minjard Raphaël , Humbert Christophe , Braccini Vivien , Capelli Fabien , Sueur Cédric , Lemaire Célia 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionDuring the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting visitation restrictions, digital tools were used in many nursing homes in France to allow the older adults and their relatives to maintain social contact via videoconferencing. This article adopts an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the processes that affect the use of digital technologies.MethodsDrawing on the concept of “mediation,” it seeks to shed light on how individuals embrace these tools in a relational situation. The interviews and observations undertaken among residents, their relatives, professionals, and the management head of seven nursing homes in 2021, make it possible to outline the different forms of practices and uses and to identify the factors leading to the variations observed.ResultsWhile the key objective of these technical and technological tools is to compensate – on a functional level – for the communication problems and the isolation of individuals in order to promote residents’ “quality of life” by maintaining “social contact,” our study reveals that these tools’ uses and practices largely differ. It also shows considerable inequalities in terms of residents’ acquisition of subjective feelings of ownership of the tools. These are never attributed to isolated physical, cognitive, psychic, and social difficulties, but are influenced by specific organizational, interactional, and psychic configurations. Some of the structures analyzed revealed situations in which mediation failed, occasionally exposing the risk associated with seeking “ties at all costs,” or revealing a disturbing strangeness when residents were placed in front of screens. Some configurations, however, showed that it was possible to set up an intermediate space for the experience to unfold, which in turn opened up a space where individuals, groups, and institutions could experiment, allowing them to develop subjective feelings of ownership of this experience.DiscussionThis article discusses how the configurations that failed to promote the mediation process reveal the need to assess the representations of care and assistance in the relationships between older adults, their loved ones, and nursing home professionals. Indeed, in certain situations, the use of videoconferencing, while seeking to produce a positive effect, risks displacing and increasing the effects of the “negative” associated with dependency, which may worsen individuals’ difficulties within nursing homes. The risks associated with the failure to take into account residents’ requests and consent explain why it is important to discuss how certain uses of digital tools may renew the dilemma between concerns for protection, on the one hand, and respect for autonomy on the other.
Risk factors and prediction model for mental health in Chinese soldiers
Authors: Zhao Mengxue , He Ying , Tang Quan , Wang Ni , Zheng Haoxin , Feng Zhengzhi 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThis study aimed to explore potential risk factors for mental health concerns, and the prediction model for mental health concerns in Chinese soldiers was constructed through combined eligible risk factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on soldiers under direct command from Gansu, Sichuan, and Chongqing in China, and the soldiers were selected by cluster convenient sampling from 16 October 2018 to 10 December 2018. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and three questionnaires (Military Mental Health Status Questionnaire, Military Mental Health Ability Questionnaire, and Mental Quality Questionnaire for Army Men) were administered, including demographics, military careers, and 18 factors.ResultsOf 1,430 Chinese soldiers, 162 soldiers presented mental disorders, with a prevalence of 11.33%. A total of five risk factors were identified, including serving place (Sichuan vs. Gansu: OR, 1.846, 95% CI: 1.028–3.315, P = 0.038; Chongqing vs. Gansu: OR, 3.129, 95% CI, 1.669–5.869, P = 0.003), psychosis (OR, 1.491, 95% CI, 1.152–1.928, P = 0.002), depression (OR, 1.482, 95% CI, 1.349–1.629, P &lt; 0.001), sleep problems (OR, 1.235, 95% CI, 1.162–1.311, P &lt; 0.001), and frustration (OR, 1.050, 95% CI, 1.015–1.087, P = 0.005). The area under the ROC curve by combining these factors was 0.930 (95% CI: 0.907–0.952) for predicting mental disorders in Chinese soldiers.ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrate that mental disorders and onset in Chinese soldiers can be predicted on the basis of these three questionnaires, and the predictive value of the combined model was high.
The prevalence of underweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents with major depressive disorder and relationship with suicidal ideation and attempted suicide
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Sun Liang , Zhang Yulong , Wang Juan , Sun Feng , Zhang Zhaokun , Sun Guangying , Sun Longlong , Yang Rongchun 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe high rates of obesity and suicide have become serious public health problems worldwide, especially in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). This research aimed to explore the rates of underweight, overweight or obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide in hospitalized children and adolescents with MDD. Then, we analyzed the correlation between underweight or obesity and suicidal ideation and attempted suicide, and finally obtained the independent influencing factors of underweight or obesity.MethodsA total of 757 subjects in the Third People’s Hospital of Fuyang from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. According to the underweight, overweight and obesity screening table for school-age children and adolescents published and implemented by the health industry standard of China, all subjects were divided into different body mass index (BMI) categories. We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid levels in all subjects and assessed suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and the severity of depressive symptoms. The socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 22.0.ResultsThe rates of underweight, overweight, obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were 8.2% (62/757), 15.5% (117/757), 10.4% (79/757), 17.2% (130/757), and 9.9% (75/757), respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that BMIs level was positively correlated with age, age of first hospitalization, total duration of disease, number of hospitalizations, FBG, TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol), LDL (low density lipoprotein), and negatively correlated with HDL (high density lipoprotein). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male and high level of HDL were risk factors for MDD inpatients with underweight, while high level of TG was a protective factor. Meanwhile, higher levels of FBG, TG and CGI-S were risk factors and suicidal ideation and high dose of antidepressant drugs were protective factors for obesity in children and adolescents with MDD.ConclusionThe prevalence of underweight, obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were high in children and adolescents with MDD, and severe depressive symptoms are independent risk factors for obesity, while suicidal ideation and high dose of antidepressants may be protective factors for obesity.
Social network typologies moderate the association of loneliness with depressive symptomatology in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Shin Huiyoung , Park Chaerim 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDepression remains among the most prevalent mental disorders, and it severely affects daily functioning and quality of life. There has been extensive research reporting on the impact of social relationships on depression, but much of this research has only considered isolated aspects of relationships. This study derived social network types based on the multiple components of social relationships, and then investigated their effects on depressive symptoms.MethodsUsing samples of 620 adults (Mage = 53.52), Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted to uncover network types based on the structural (network size, contact frequency, marital status, and social engagement), functional (levels of support and conflict), and qualitative (satisfaction with relationships) aspects of social relationships. Multiple regressions were used to test if distinct network types directly impact on depressive symptoms and whether network types moderate the association of loneliness (perceived social isolation) with depressive symptoms.ResultsLPA identified four distinct network types (diverse, family-focused,friend-focused, andrestricted) and there were significant differences in depressive symptoms among four network types. Analysis using the BCH method showed that individuals in therestrictednetwork type had the highest depressive symptoms, followed in order by individuals in thefriend-focused,family-focused, anddiversenetwork types. Regression results further indicated that an individual’s network network type membership was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and being in thediverseandfamily-focusednetwork types alleviated the negative effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe results suggest that both quantitative and qualitative aspects of social relationships are important in buffering against the adverse effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the utility of taking a multi-dimensional approach to uncover heterogeneity in the social networks of adults and their implications on depression.
Computational mechanisms of belief updating in relation to psychotic-like experiences
Authors: Fromm Sophie Pauline , Wieland Lara , Klettke Arne , Nassar Matthew R. , Katthagen Teresa , Markett Sebastian , Heinz Andreas , Schlagenhauf Florian 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPsychotic-like experiences (PLEs) may occur due to changes in weighting prior beliefs and new evidence in the belief updating process. It is still unclear whether the acquisition or integration of stable beliefs is altered, and whether such alteration depends on the level of environmental and belief precision, which reflects the associated uncertainty. This motivated us to investigate uncertainty-related dynamics of belief updating in relation to PLEs using an online study design.MethodsWe selected a sample (n = 300) of participants who performed a belief updating task with sudden change points and provided self-report questionnaires for PLEs. The task required participants to observe bags dropping from a hidden helicopter, infer its position, and dynamically update their belief about the helicopter's position. Participants could optimize performance by adjusting learning rates according to inferred belief uncertainty (inverse prior precision) and the probability of environmental change points. We used a normative learning model to examine the relationship between adherence to specific model parameters and PLEs.ResultsPLEs were linked to lower accuracy in tracking the outcome (helicopter location) (β = 0.26 ± 0.11, p = 0.018) and to a smaller increase of belief precision across observations after a change point (β = −0.003 ± 0.0007, p &lt; 0.001). PLEs were related to slower belief updating when participants encountered large prediction errors (β = −0.03 ± 0.009, p = 0.001). Computational modeling suggested that PLEs were associated with reduced overall belief updating in response to prediction errors (βPE = −1.00 ± 0.45, p = 0.028) and reduced modulation of updating at inferred environmental change points (βCPP = −0.84 ± 0.38, p = 0.023).DiscussionWe conclude that PLEs are associated with altered dynamics of belief updating. These findings support the idea that the process of balancing prior belief and new evidence, as a function of environmental uncertainty, is altered in PLEs, which may contribute to the development of delusions. Specifically, slower learning after large prediction errors in people with high PLEs may result in rigid beliefs. Disregarding environmental change points may limit the flexibility to establish new beliefs in the face of contradictory evidence. The present study fosters a deeper understanding of inferential belief updating mechanisms underlying PLEs.
Personality traits as risk factors for relapse or recurrence in major depression: a systematic review
Authors: Altaweel Nada , Upthegrove Rachel , Surtees Andrew , Durdurak Buse , Marwaha Steven 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is highly recurrent. Identifying risk factors for relapse in depression is essential to improve prevention plans and therapeutic outcomes. Personality traits and personality disorders are widely considered to impact outcomes in MDD. We aimed to evaluate the role of personality aspects in the risk of relapse and recurrence in MDD.MethodA PROSPERO-registered systematic review was conducted using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL as data sources, together with hand searching of four journals over the five years till 2022. There was independent abstract selection, quality assessment and data extraction from each study.ResultsTwenty two studies me t eligibility criteria involving 12,393 participants. Neurotic personality features are significantly associated with the risk of relapse and recurrence of depression, though the data is not uniform. There is some, though limited, evidence that borderline, obsessive-compulsive and dependent personality traits or disorders increase the risk for relapse in depression.LimitationsThe small number, in addition to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies, did not allow further analysis, such as meta-analysis.ConclusionPeople with high neuroticism and dependent personality traits, borderline personality disorder or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, compared to those without, may be at a higher risk of experiencing relapse or recurrence of MDD. Specific and targeted interventions may potentially reduce relapse and recurrence rates in these groups and could improve outcomes.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=235919, identifier: CRD42021235919.