bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caractéristiques structurales et écologiques des populations de Pseudocedrela kotschyi de la forêt de Pénéssoulou (Bénin)
Authors: TRAORE MOUSSILIMI Ibrahim , KOURA Kourouma , AOUDJI Augustin K. N. , GBETOHO Jaures Alain , AKOUEHOU Gaston S. , GANGLO Jean Cossi 
Published: February 2023

La présente étude a été conduite dans la forêt classée de Pénéssoulou (Nord-Ouest, Bénin) et a caractérisé les structures et étudié l’écologie des populations de Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms afin d’asseoir de meilleures stratégies de gestion de l’espèce dans ladite forêt. Pour y arriver, vingt-trois (23) placeaux de 50 m x 50 m ont été aléatoirement installés à travers les différentes formations végétales (forêt galerie, savane, forêt dense). Dans ces dispositifs, la circonférence à 1,30 m du sol et la hauteur de tous les arbres de dbh ≥ 10 cm ont été mesurés et les sujets de dbh < 10 cm ont été comptés. Le mode de répartition des individus de l’espèce a été déterminé grâce au calcul des indices de Blackman (IB) et de Green (IG). L’étude révèle une richesse spécifique de 44 espèces et une meilleure répartition (H = 3,78 bits, Eq = 0,87) des espèces au sein de la forêt galerie. Pseudocedrela kotschyi, n’est retrouvée que dans la savane (4 arbres/ha) et dans la forêt galerie (104 arbres/ha). Les valeurs du diamètre moyen quadratique, de la hauteur moyenne de Lorey, de la surface terrière des arbres de l’espèce dans la forêt galerie sont respectivement : Dg = 21,04 cm, HL = 19,24 m et G = 3,61 m²/ha avec une asymétrie gauche pour la structure en diamètre. En ce qui concerne la régénération, les individus juvéniles de l’espèce (dbh compris entre 1 cm et 5 cm) se retrouvent exclusivement dans la forêt galerie (Densité = 125 individus juvéniles/ha) tandis que les savanes sont plus riches en plantules (dbh ˂ 1 cm) de l’espèce (Densité = 1580 plantules/ha). Les jeunes perches (dbh compris entre 5 cm et 10 cm) sont inexistantes dans les formations végétales étudiées. Face à tous ces constats, des stratégies de conservation ont été proposées.
Optimize your treatment outcome
Authors: Dawson Victoria , Arnarsdóttir Elisa Kristin , Malmberg Leona , Zandi Homan , Markvart Merete 
Published: February 2023

Headlines
High clinical success rate is expected when each step of the root canal treatment adheres to high quality standard of care.
An aseptic working field is maintained throughout the treatment using a tightly placed rubber dam preventing microbial contamination.
Access cavity with adequate size and shape enables a straight-line entry to the root canals.
Chemomechanical preparation using chemically-active irrigants removes microbial products and dissolve necrotic tissues.
A root-filling material with adequate length and size without any voids obturate the root canals, and the final restoration is placed in a timely manner.
Utvikling av endodontien i fremtiden
Authors: Virtej Anca , Wigsten Emma , Ørstavik Dag , Haug Sivakami Rethnam 
Published: February 2023

Hovedbudskap
Tannleger bør ha bedre kommunikasjon med pasientene om behandlingsmål og prognose, og henvise til spesialist til riktig tid uten forsinkelser for å oppnå optimalt behandlingsresultat.
Forskning må ikke bare konsentrere seg om tekniske innovasjoner som kan gi kortsiktige fordeler for produsenter, men i større grad fokusere på variabler som kan ha betydning for resultater i kliniske langtidsstudier.
Vi trenger bedre kunnskap for å forstå tannsmertemekanismer, håndtering av smertefølelse, og kontrollere og fjerne infeksjon.
Studenter med kompetanse og evner til å lære å gi endodontisk behandling av høy kvalitet må rekrutteres av utdanningsinstitusjoner. Dette er en økende utfordring i et konkurranseutsatt arbeidsmarked.
Man kan forutse at kostnadene for tannbehandling, inkludert endodonti, vil vise økt tredjepartsbetaling fra offentlige eller private forsikringsordninger. Dette vil nokså sikkert innebære at kost/nytte-vurderinger må gjennomgås i større bredde enn i dag.
Future Directions in Endodontics
Authors: Virtej Anca , Wigsten Emma , Ørstavik Dag , Haug Sivakami Rethnam 
Published: February 2023

Headlines
Dental practitioners should have better communication with the patients about treatment goals and prognosis or refer to a specialist at the appropriate time without delays to achieve optimal treatment outcome.
Research must not only concentrate on innovations which may interest stakeholders with short-term benefits but on randomized studies, to compare with existing materials, to prove their superiority in clinical outcomes.
We need better knowledge to understand dental pain mechanisms, management of pain sensation, control and eradicate infection.
Recruitment of students with outstanding performances by educational institutions in a competitive job market is a challenge that needs to be addressed.
The cost of dental treatment, including endodontics, may call for increased third-party payment by government or private insurance schemes. By studying the cost-effectiveness of treatment, current systems may need to be reviewed.
Seasonal Variation in the Nutritional Composition of Fishes in Tuticorin, Southeast Coast of India
Authors: Jeyasanta K. Immaculate , Patterson Jamila 
Published: February 2023

Background: The nutritional quality of fish is very important for human consumers. The consumption of fish provides important nutrients to a large number of people worldwide and makes a very significant contribution to nutrition. The purpose of the study was to investigate the proximate composition of economically important marine water fish.
Methods: The present work was conducted between March 2016 and February 2017, investigated the seasonal variations in the contents of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and moisture in six fish species namely Sardinella fimbriata, Stolephorus commersonnii, Epinephelus areolatus, Carangoides chrysophrys, Gazza achlamys and Parupeneus indicus. The fish samples were collected from the fish market of Tuticorin. The proximate compositions of the samples were analysed according to standard AOAC methods.
Results: Remarkable seasonal variations are found in the levels of the parameters studied in the six selected species. In all the seasons, Epinephelus areolatus is characterized by the highest moisture and ash contents, and Carangoides chrysophrys by the highest protein and carbohydrate contents, whereas Sardinella fimbriata contains more lipids. Except for moisture content all other nutrient compositions are high during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods. During summer the nutrient contents decrease due to breeding activities involving maturation of gonads, and after the breeding season the nutrient contents again show a rising trend. The seasonal variations in nutrient composition in fish are related to the cycle of maturation and depletion of gonads. Different phases of maturation are associated with marked quantitative fluctuations of each nutrient in different fishes.
Conclusion: Based on the current finding, it is concluded that fishes are very good sources of protein, carbohydrates, ash, and lipids and that the biochemical constituents of the body tissues of fishes fluctuate during different seasons. The results suggested that the consumption of those fish species contributed to human health. Finally, this research work might help to understand the changes in nutritional values of some commercial fishes in various seasons and will assist in identifying the proper fish harvesting period.
UTILIZING MHEALTH (MOBILE HEALTH) MESSAGING TO INCREASE UPTAKE OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING SERVICES: IMPACT, PERCEPTIONS, AND EXPERIENCES FROM LUSAKA PROVINCE, ZAMBIA
Authors: HALWIINDI HIKABASA , MULIOKELA ROSEMARY , SONGOLO PETER , SIMANGA TWAMBO , JOSHI SURABHI , MSADABWE SUSAN , MWABA CATHERINE K. , KAPAMBWE SHARON 
Published: February 2023

Background: Cervical cancer screening rates in Zambia have remained low for women 25 - 59 years old despite efforts to raise awareness among women using different communication platforms. The mHealth for cervical cancer used mass messaging and was implemented to complement already existing interventions aimed at increasing knowledge levels and the number of women accessing screening services.
Methods: A concurrent mixed methods design was used. Quantitative data was collected using telephone interviews with both women and men to whom text messages on cervical cancer screening had been sent. The qualitative data was collected using focus group discussions and key informant interviews, and focused on the implementation process as well as the perceptions and experiences of the users. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis while quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (proportions).
Results: From the 990 (473 men and 517 women) participants sampled in the survey, only 46% of the women and 34% of men had received the short message services (SMSs). The SMSs resulted into 14% (72) of women going for screening for the first time, and 4% (22) for follow-up screening, totaling 18% (94). The intervention was described as appropriate because it resulted in more awareness about cervical cancer; and the frequency, time of day of transmission, the language and content of the SMSs were perceived good. The challenges experienced include low number of SMSs successfully delivered to the target population (50%), and the high cost of transmission.
Conclusion: Despite the challenges experienced, the mCervical cancer intervention showed moderate effectiveness in reaching women and encouraging them to go for first time and follow-up screening.
Vị trí của digoxin trong điều trị suy tim
Authors: Hồ Huỳnh Quang Trí 
Published: February 2023

Qua phân tích các chứng cứ nêu trên và tham khảo các hướng dẫn điều trị hiện hành, có thể kết luận tóm tắt về việc dùng digoxin điều trị suy tim mạn như trong bảng 2.
Bảng 2: Vị trí của digoxin trong điều trị suy tim mạn
Người bệnh suy tim rung nhĩ:- PSTM <40%: Digoxin và thuốc chẹn bêta là 2 lựa chọn hàng đầu để kiểm soát tần số thất. Có thểphối hợp 2 thuốc này với nhau nếu đơn trị không đủ để kiểm soát tần số thất.- PSTM ≥40%: Thuốc chẹn bêta, verapamil và diltiazem là những lựa chọn hàng đầu để kiểm soát tầnsố thất. Nếu đơn trị bằng các thuốc này không đủ để kiểm soát tần số thất, xem xét phối hợp thêmdigoxin.- Dùng liều digoxin ≤0,125 mg/ngày.- Không dùng digoxin cho người có hội chứng kích thích sớm.Người bệnh suy tim nhịp xoang:- PSTM <40%, tình trạng lâm sàng ổn định, đang uống digoxin: tiếp tục dùng.- PSTM <40%, không đang uống digoxin: Digoxin không phải là thuốc được ưu tiên kê toa. Ưu tiêndùng các thuốc giảm tử vong và nhập viện vì suy tim (hàng 1: sacubitril/valsartan, chẹn bêta, khángaldosterone, ức chế SGLT2; hàng 2: ivabradine nếu tần số tim ≥70/phút). Nếu bệnh nhân vẫn còntriệu chứng, xem xét phối hợp thêm digoxin để giảm nguy cơ nhập viện.- Dùng liều digoxin ≤0,125 mg/ngày.- PSTM ≥40%: không có chỉ định dùng digoxin.
La realidad virtual y su efecto en la habilidad espacial: un caso de estudio enfocado en la enseñanza de la geometría descriptiva
Authors: Yarin Yasser , Gamarra Chinchay Hugo Eliseo 
Published: February 2023

This study describes a case study on the use of virtual reality in the teaching of descriptive geometry for engineering students. The objective was to develop a learning experience with virtual reality that improves spatial ability, a non-immersive 3D environment was used with the purpose of facilitating the two-dimensional representation in the intersection of solids. This quasi-experimental work used a first group defined as an experimental group that participated in a workshop on the intersection of polyhedrons and the intersection of surfaces of revolution using virtual reality as a means to interact with the intercepted solids, while a second group, the control group developed the same issues with two-dimensional images of intercepted solids. The evaluation instrument measured the dimensions of mental rotation and mental folding, this was applied to both groups at the beginning and at the end of the workshop, managing to measure their spatial ability for the rigid and non-rigid transformation of objects. Statistical analysis allowed identifying a significant difference between the experimental and control groups, concluding that the developed workshop had a positive effect on the spatial ability of the groups of students participating in the study.
Este estudio describe un caso de estudio sobre el uso de la realidad virtual en la enseñanza de la geometría descriptiva para estudiantes de ingeniería. El objetivo fue desarrollar una experiencia de aprendizaje con la realidad virtual que mejore la habilidad espacial, se utilizó un entorno no inmersivo 3D con el propósito de facilitar la representación bidimensional en la intersección de sólidos. Este trabajo cuasiexperimental utilizo un primer grupo definido como grupo experimental que participo en un taller sobre la intersección de poliedros y la intersección de superficies de revolución utilizando la realidad virtual como medio para interactuar con los sólidos interceptados, mientras que un segundo grupo, el grupo control desarrollo los mismos temas con imágenes bidimensionales de los sólidos interceptados. El instrumento de evaluación midió las dimensiones de rotación mental y plegado mental, este fue aplicado a ambos grupos al inicio y al término del taller, logrando medir su habilidad espacial para la transformación rígida y no rígida de objetos. El análisis estadístico permitió identificar una diferencia significativa entre le grupo experimental y control, concluyendo que el taller desarrollado tuvo un efecto positivo en la habilidad espacial de los grupos de estudiantes que participan en el estudio.
Revisión sistemática de los entornos digitales inmersivos tridimensionales en la enseñanza de la programación
Authors: López Solórzano Juan Gabriel , Ángel Rueda Christian Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

Currently, three-dimensional immersive digital environments (TIDE) have been applied to the educational field, being Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Virtual Worlds the most representative technologies. Currently in the literature there are systematic reviews that address each technology separately, making evident the need for a study covering all technologies and more specifically applied to the teaching and learning of computer programming. In the present study, 64 research studies related to the teaching of computer programming at different educational levels were analyzed. Among the main results, 57 studies developed their own tool or application, which shows the little or no practical usefulness of the developments since they are only used for experiments. In addition, most of the works present the benefits of their tools and only 12 studies mention a problem when using the TIDE in the teaching of programming. Finally, the use of TIDE is highlighted mainly for teaching the topic of control structures in programming. This topic is essential since it allows students to modify the execution flow of program instructions.
En la actualidad los entornos digitales inmersivos tridimensionales (EDIT) se han aplicado al ámbito educativo, siendo la Realidad Aumentada, Realidad Virtual y los Mundos Virtuales las tecnologías más representativas. Actualmente en la literatura existen revisiones sistemáticas que abordan cada tecnología por separado, haciendo evidente la necesidad de un estudio que abarque todas las tecnologías y más puntualmente que se aplique a la enseñanza aprendizaje de la programación de computadoras. En el presente estudio se analizaron 64 investigaciones que están relacionadas a la enseñanza de algún tema sobre la programación de computadoras en diversos niveles educativos. Entre los principales resultados se destaca que 57 estudios desarrollaron su propia herramienta o aplicación, lo cual pone de manifiesto la poca o nula utilidad práctica de los desarrollos puesto que solamente se utilizan para sus experimentos. Además, la mayoría de los trabajos presentan las bondades de sus herramientas y solamente 12 estudios mencionan algún problema al utilizar los EDIT en la enseñanza de la programación. Finalmente, se destaca el uso de los EDIT principalmente para la enseñanza del tema de estructuras de control en programación. Este tema es primordial ya que permite a los estudiantes modificar el flujo de ejecución de las instrucciones de un programa.
Criptoactivos: desafíos contables desde las orientaciones del CINIIF en un contexto actual
Authors: Candido Joelma Cordeiro 
Published: February 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en presentar recomendaciones para la registración contable de los criptoactivos, considerando las orientaciones del Consejo de Interpretación de las Normas de Información Financiera (en adelante, CINIIF), en vista que hasta la fecha el organismo emisor no ha incluido en su agenda el estudio de emisión de una norma específica para guiar la registración de estas actividades. Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto se realizó un análisis de las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad emitidas hasta la fecha y de los pronunciamientos y normativas internas que emite algunos Estados, contrastando con el parecer de la doctrina. Se concluye que la naturaleza de los CA es adaptable a varios tipos de transacciones que van más allá de Intangibles mantenido para la venta y materias primas cotizadas, porque en el campo práctico existe un número creciente de entidades que poseen CA como un mecanismo de inversión y medios de pago, para estos casos los estándares propuestos no pueden aplicarse, entonces es necesario una revisión conceptual de las normas existentes o la emisión de una nueva guía para orientar el tratamiento contable de los CA.
An empirical analysis of the equity markets in China
Authors: Mookerjee Rajen , Yu Qiao 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper subjects the newly established stock markets in Shanghai and Shenzhen to tests of market efficiency, utilizing daily stock price data. Using a battery of tests, the study concludes that there are significant inefficiencies present on both exchanges. These can be traced to the unique structural and institutional problems that plague both exchanges. The study also tests for the presence of seasonal anomalies on both exchanges. The results show that there are significant negative weekend and positive holiday effects, but there is no evidence of a January effect or early January effect.
Comparative effects of levosulpiride and cisapride on gastric emptying and symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis
Authors: Mansi C. , Borro P. , Giacomini M. , Biagini R. , Mele M. R. , Pandolfo N. , Savarino V. 
Published: July 2002

Background:The efficacy of several prokinetic drugs on dyspeptic symptoms and on gastric emptying rates are well‐established in patients with functional dyspepsia, but formal studies comparing different prokinetic drugs are lacking.Aim:To compare the effects of chronic oral administration of cisapride and levosulpiride in patients with functional dyspepsia and delayed gastric emptying.Methods:In a double‐blind crossover comparison, the effects of a 4‐week administration of levosulpiride (25 mg t.d.s.) and cisapride (10 mg t.d.s.) on the gastric emptying rate and on symptoms were evaluated in 30 dyspeptic patients with functional gastroparesis. At the beginning of the study and after levosulpiride or cisapride treatment, the gastric emptying time of a standard meal was measured by 13C‐octanoic acid breath test. Gastrointestinal symptom scores were also evaluated.Results:The efficacy of levosulpiride was similar to that of cisapride in significantly shortening (P < 0.001) the t1/2 of gastric emptying. No significant differences were observed between the two treatments with regards to improvements in total symptom scores. However, levosulpiride was significantly more effective (P < 0.01) than cisapride in improving the impact of symptoms on the patients’ every‐day activities and in improving individual symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and early postprandial satiety.Conclusion:The efficacy of levosulpiride and cisapride in reducing gastric emptying times with no relevant side‐effects is similar. The impact of symptoms on patients’ everyday activities and the improvement of some symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and early satiety was more evident with levosulpiride than cisapride.
Tolterodine: A Safe and Effective Treatment for Older Patients with Overactive Bladder
Authors: Malone‐Lee James G. , Walsh J. Bernard , Maugourd Marie‐France , The Tolterodine in the Elderly Study Group  
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of two dosages of tolterodine in older patients with symptoms attributable to overactive bladder.DESIGN: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, multinational, phase III study.SETTING: Incontinence, older care, urological, and urogynecological clinics in the United Kingdom, France, and the Republic of Ireland.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and seventy‐seven older patients (age ≥65 years) with symptoms of urinary urgency, increased frequency of micturition (≥8 micturitions/24 hours), and/or urge incontinence (≥1 episode/24 hours).INTERVENTION: Tolterodine 1 mg or 2 mg twice daily (bid), or placebo, for 4 weeks.MEASUREMENTS: Safety and tolerability were evaluated through spontaneously reported adverse events, electrocardiogram, and blood pressure measurements. Efficacy was assessed using micturition diary variables: mean change from baseline in frequency of micturition and number of incontinence episodes/24 hours.RESULTS: The mean age of the patient population was 75 years. Overall, ≥87% of patients completed the study. Neither dosage of tolterodine was associated with serious drug‐related adverse events during the study. No cardiac arrythmogenic events were noted. Dry mouth (mild to moderate intensity) was the most common adverse event in both the placebo and tolterodine treatment groups. Three percent of patients in the tolterodine 2 mg bid group discontinued treatment because of dry mouth, compared with 2% of placebo‐treated patients. Compared with placebo, statistically significant decreases in micturition frequency were apparent in both tolterodine treatment groups. Furthermore, patients treated with tolterodine 2 mg bid had statistically significant decreases in urge incontinence episodes/24 hours and increases in volume voided per micturition compared with placebo.CONCLUSION: Tolterodine (taken for 4 weeks) is safe and shows efficacy, particularly at a dosage of 2 mg bid, in the treatment of older patients with urinary symptoms attributable to overactive bladder. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:700–705, 2001.
Party system change and electoral platforms: A study of the 1996 Italian election
Authors: Campus Donatella 
Published: July 2002

SummaryComparative research suggests that parties regularly campaign by emphasizing issues on which they are advantaged and by ignoring topics that are traditionally associated with other parties. Focusing on the 1996 Italian elections, this article discusses whether such a generalization holds when the party system is affected by radical changes such as those that occurred in Italy in the mid-1990s. Moreover, the analysis of the party electoral platforms highlights some basic features of the new parties, and identifies either innovations or continuities with the past. I present evidence that in 1996 the Italian parties mostly competed on a similar range of issues. Especially regarding economic policy, there was not a polarized ideological debate: also the centre-left parties converged on a moderate position by playing down typical socialist themes such as state intervention and the expansion of social services. I also analyse the degree of internal programmatic cohesion of the two main coalitions, the Ulivo (Olive Tree) and the Polo delle Libertà (Freedom Pole) and relate it to the stability of the Italian political system.