bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on adaptation of banana (Musa spp.) to cold in subtropics
Authors: Joshi Rashmi Upreti , Singh Ashok Kumar , Singh Vijay Pratap , Rai Ratna , Joshi Pushpesh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal production of bananais adversely affected by abiotic stresses, namely, drought, salinity and low temperature which cause changes in morphology, anatomy, physiology and biochemical metabolism in plant. Different banana cultivars respond differently when grown in subtropical regions due to changes in temperature mainly at the time of flowering and fruiting. The subtropical regions persist cold in winter which become a major constraint for proper growth and development of banana. Only few cultivars are identified for cold tolerance. The cold tolerance is a complex phenomenon, involving numbers of interrelated metabolic pathways. With the onset of cold, growth decrease through alteration in the synthesis of metabolites which are regulated by expression of genes and their interactions. Recently, complete genome sequencing, mutation and transgenesis provided deep insight into the complex mechanism of cold tolerance in banana. In this review, efforts are made to compile the findings and to interpret the better application of technologies in understanding the cold tolerance which may assist in banana breeding.
Substance use and solid organ transplantation in adolescents and young adults: Current findings and implications
Authors: Campagna Bianca R. , Annunziato Rachel A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the role of substance use is important in the equitable allocation of solid organs and may present an opportunity for improving outcomes among substance users who receive transplants. This scoping review presents findings related to substance use among pediatric and young adult transplant populations and suggests future directions.MethodsA scoping review was conducted seeking studies related to substance use in pediatric and young adult transplant populations under the age of 39 years. Studies were deemed eligible if they collected data or addressed policy concerns and participants' mean age was below 39 years.ResultsTwenty‐nine studies were identified as eligible for this review. Overall, policies around substance use are largely inconsistent throughout both pediatric and adult transplant centers. Findings indicated that substance use among pediatric and young adult transplant recipients is similar to or lower than healthy peers. Few studies addressed marijuana use and opioid misuse, among other substances.ConclusionsThere is a general dearth of research on substance use in this population. The current findings suggest that substance use, although relatively less common, affects eligibility for transplant, may lead to poor outcomes, and affects medication adherence. Inconsistent substance use policies in transplant centers have the potential to result in bias. However, more research is needed on the effects of substance use among pediatric and young adult transplant candidates and recipients as well as on equitable policies for organ allocation for individuals who use substances.
Can peripheral biomarkers reflect the psychological condition in geriatric populations? The influence of cardiovascular comorbidities
Authors: Huang Wei‐Chia , Wu Chi‐Shin , Chang Kai‐Chieh , Chen Hsin‐Shui , Chang Chin‐Kai , Hwang Juey‐Jen , Huang Su‐Hua , Chen Yung‐Ming , Cheng Bor‐Wen , Weng Min‐Hsiu , Hsu Chih‐Cheng , Huang Wei‐Lieh 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAlthough previous studies indicated the association between peripheral biomarkers and psychological conditions, a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among geriatric populations may hinder the applicability of the biomarkers. The objective of this study was to assess the adequacy of the application of biomarkers to evaluate psychological conditions among geriatric populations.MethodWe collected information on the demographics and history of CVD in all participants. All participants completed the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS‐5) and the Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI), which are the measurement of negative and positive psychological conditions, respectively. Four indicators of the peripheral biomarkers, including the standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals (SDNN), finger temperature, skin conductance, and electromyogram were collected for each participant during a 5‐min resting state. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between the biomarkers and the psychological measurements (BSRS‐5, CHI) with and without the inclusion of the participants with CVD.ResultsA total of 233 participants without CVD (non‐CVD group) and 283 participants with CVD (CVD group) were included. The CVD group was older and with higher body mass index compared to the non‐CVD group. In the multiple linear regression model with all participants, only BSRS‐5 scores had a positive association with electromyogram. After the exclusion of the CVD group, the association between the BSRS‐5 scores and electromyogram was more relevant, while CHI scores became positively associated with SDNN.ConclusionsA single measurement of the peripheral biomarker may be insufficient to depict psychological conditions among geriatric populations.
Three‐way fungal interactions affect the potential biological control of Himalayan balsam, Impatiens glandulifera
Authors: Razak Nadia Ab , Gange Alan C. , Currie Amanda F. , Sutton Brian C. , Mansor Asyraf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHimalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is one of the most invasive weeds across Europe. The rust fungus, Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae has been introduced as a biological control agent, but success has been patchy. Here, we investigated whether mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi can affect rust efficacy and plant growth. Over three experiments, we found that AM fungi and the rust alone or together consistently reduced plant growth, but this depended on the identity of species in the AM inoculum. Meanwhile, AM fungi increased infection frequency of the endophyte Colletotrichum acutatum. Rust inoculation had no detrimental effects on mycorrhizal colonisation or C. acutatum infection, but the latter two fungi reduced rust sporulation. However, plant size was reduced when all three fungal types were present, suggesting that a combined fungal inoculum offers a promising approach for the control of this weed.
Pose Optimization in Robotic Milling Based on Surface Location Error
Authors: Hou Tengyu , Lei Yang , Ding Ye 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndustrial robots have become a suitable alternative to machine tools due to their flexibility, low cost, and large working space. However, the compliance of the robot system makes it prone to produce large deformations and vibrations during machining, resulting in poor machining accuracy and surface quality. In order to improve the machining performance of the robot, a posture optimization method for robotic milling with the redundant degree of freedom is introduced. First, modal tests are conducted at sampled points to obtain the configuration-dependent parameters of the structural dynamics of the robotic milling system. These experimental data are combined with the inverse distance weighted (IDW) model to further predict the modal parameters at the unsampled points. Then, considering the dynamics model of the system, the optimization model based on surface location error (SLE) is proposed to obtain the optimal robotic posture. Finally, a series of experiments illustrate that pose optimization based on SLE can improve the machining accuracy and surface machining quality.
A Survey of Wave Energy Converter Mechanisms Presented Under the Topological and Functional Viewpoints
Authors: Scavalla Andrea , Rossi Andrea , La Battaglia Vincenzo , Pio Belfiore Nicola 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Wave energy converter (WEC) mechanisms have been increasingly attracting the interest of institutions and companies, because of the energetic crisis and the energy demanded by small off-grid off-shore systems. Examples of WEC systems design date back to 1892 and, since then, different mechanisms have been proposed, based on different working principles. In this work, an attempt has been made to build an atlas of WEC devices, collecting them from the scientific and technical literature, as broadly as possible to the best of the authors’ abilities. The working principle, the wave propagation direction, and the coast proximity have been used to classify the mechanisms of the atlas that have been illustrated by means of standardized esthetics. The topological nature of each device has been also extracted by applying both the polynomial representation of its kinematic chain (KC) together with a planar representation of the corresponding graph. These representations gave rise to a further and more detailed classification of the collected WEC devices that have been gathered together in peculiar topological families. Finally, system power has been also included to complete the information related to the devices illustrated in the atlas.
A Method for Predicting the Aeroelastic Response of Radial Turbomachines
Authors: Fellows David W. , Iskandar Vincent , Bodony Daniel J. , McGowan Ryan C. , Kang Sang-Guk , Pope Aaron J. , Kweon Chol-Bum M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAircraft intermittent combustion engines often incorporate turbochargers adapted from ground-based applications to improve their efficiency and performance. These turbochargers can operate at off-design conditions and experience blade failures brought on by aerodynamic-induced blade resonances. A reduced-order model of the aeroelastic response of general fluid–structural configurations is developed using the Euler–Lagrange equation informed by numerical data from uncoupled computational fluid dynamic (CFD) and computational structural dynamic calculations. The structural response is derived from a method of assumed-modes approach. The unsteady fluid response is described by a modified version of piston theory that approximates the local transient pressure fluctuation in conjunction with steady CFD solution data. The reduced-order model is first applied to a classical panel flutter scenario and found to predict a flutter boundary that compares favorably to the boundary identified by existing theory and experimental data. The model is then applied to the high-pressure turbine of a dual-stage turbocharger. The model predictions are shown to reliably determine the lack of turbine blade flutter and rudimentary damping comparisons are performed to assess the ability of the model to ascertain the susceptibility of the turbine to forced response. Obstacles associated with the current experimental state of the art that impinge upon further numerical validation are discussed.
Effect of Solidity and Aspect Ratio on the Aerodynamic Performance of Axial-Flow Fans With 0.2 Hub-to-Tip Ratio
Authors: Masi Massimo , Danieli Piero , Lazzaretto Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAspect ratio and solidity play complementary roles in the aerodynamic design of axial fan rotor blades. Few studies have experimented the effect of the aspect ratio of rotor blades on the performance of low-speed axial fans or its interaction with blade solidity in terms of fan aerodynamic performance. This study examined the selection of the solidity and blade aspect ratio in the preliminary design of low-pressure industrial fans with minimized hub-to-tip ratios. The aim of this study was to make available to the fan community experimental data that allow the determination of the optimal aspect ratio for practical applications as a function of the blade solidity. Various aspects of the performance of 16 prototypes of a 315-mm-diameter propeller fan were compared. The industrial fan prototypes all had a hub-to-tip ratio of 0.2 and were derived from four baseline designs conceived to ideally achieve the same best efficiency operation with different values of the aspect ratio. In addition, the prototypes’ assemblies were conceived to allow operation with different blade counts, i.e., with different rotor solidities at a fixed blade aspect ratio. The aerodynamic performance of the fans, measured in accordance with the ISO-5801 standard, was evaluated to assess the sensitivity and trends of the fan pressure and efficiency with respect to the blade aspect ratio and solidity at fixed tip clearance. The measured effects of the aspect ratio and solidity are discussed on the basis of data available in the literature. The results of the experimental analysis were used to formulate general guidelines for the preliminary design of propeller fans with minimized hub-to-tip ratios.
Uncertainty in the Flexural Behavior of Soft-Core Sandwich Beams
Authors: Malkiel N. , Rabinovitch O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe impact of uncertainty on the flexural response of sandwich beams is studied in this paper. The study focuses on the unique features of typical soft-core sandwich beams, including local effects and stresses concentrations. Those are critical for the integrity and performance of the structural system and, to the best knowledge of the authors, were never considered from a stochastic viewpoint. Several structural features of the beam are considered, separately, as uncertain, and the stochastic characteristics of the distributions of the displacements and stresses are investigated. To capture the unique local effects, the extended high-order sandwich panel theory is adopted. Numerical solutions of the stochastic ordinary differential equations use the finite element (FE) method. The parametric uncertainty and its spatial distribution are modeled by random fields. The stochastic analysis uses both the Karhunen–Loeve polynomial-chaos and the perturbation-based stochastic finite element methods. The two approaches are compared and comprehensively validated against Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results quantify the impact of uncertainty on the response, but show significant disagreements between the two stochastic approaches, and the perturbation-based stochastic finite element method is chosen as the most suitable one. The effects of the coefficient of variation of the uncertain input parameter and its correlation length are also studied. Highly amplified levels of uncertainty are revealed by the stochastic analysis near points of local stress concentration. These localized yet significant uncertainties, reported here for the first time, shed new light on the design, analysis, and safety of such sandwich beams.
Effect of Liquid Cooling Structure of Confluence Channel on Thermal Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Hengjie , Li Minghai , Wang Yan , Wang Hewu , Feng Xuning , Wang Juan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, based on the liquid cooling method, a confluence channel structure is proposed, and the heat generation model in the discharge process of three-dimensional battery module is established. The effects of channel structure, inlet mass flowrate, and coolant flow direction on the heat generation of the battery module were studied by control variable method. Simulation results show that the confluence channel structure (e) shows good cooling effect on the battery temperature when controlling the 5 C discharge of the battery module. In addition, compared with the straight channel under the same working condition. In the discharge process of battery module, average temperature amplitude in battery module decreased by 17.3%, the inlet and outlet pressure is reduced by 16.47%, and the maximum temperature amplitude is reduced by 20.3%. Effectively improve temperature uniformity and reduce pressure drop. The problem of uneven temperature distribution caused by uneven velocity distribution of coolant in traditional straight channel is improved. At the same time, the design of the confluence structure accelerates the heat transfer of the channel plate and provides a new idea for the design of the cooling channel.
Pressuredrop Response Characteristics for Multi-Injection Well Interfered Vertical Well in Heterogeneous Fractured Anticline Reservoirs
Authors: Shi Wenyang , Liu Xiankun , Gao Min , Tao Lei , Bai Jiajia , Zhu Qingjie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFractured anticline reservoirs are mostly developed by a line production well located at the top position and a line injecting well located at the bottom position. The production well is often interference with by multiple injecting wells, but there is little related research about multiple injecting well interferences. To solve this problem, an extended bottom-hole pressuredrop (BHPD) response model for production well interfered with by multiple injection wells was presented to capture the injection interference and gravity effect. The proposed model's correctness is validated by the software numerical simulation, and low regimes were identified by the BHPD and its derivative curve. Research results show that: (i) the BHPD derivative curve has a one-half slope line, V-shape, and one slope line in reservoir linear flow regime, inter-porosity flow regime, and interference flow regime, respectively; (ii) the drop rate of pressure increases with the increase of formation transmissibility and storability. The bigger the fracture storability, the more obvious the V-shape feature in the derivative curve of BHPD. As the inter-porosity flow coefficient increases, the V-shape feature emerges later; (iii) the beginning time of the interference flow becomes later when the interference distance increases. When the injection rate trends to the production rate, the BHPD curve shows a slight drop and its derivative curve has an intermittent rupture; (iv) the influence of the gravity effect is not ignored. Due to the gravity effect, the BHPD interfered by constant injection well like the BHPD's behavior interfered by the closed boundary. This work provides technical support for capturing the source and degree of interference from well group in the heterogeneous fractured anticline reservoir.
An Insight Into Wax Precipitation, Deposition, and Prevention Stratagem of Gas-Condensate Flow in Wellbore Region
Authors: Xu Yunfei , Wang Zhihua , Hong Jiajun , Zhou Bo , Pu Hui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Unlike conventional waxy crude oil, the condensate undergoes a complex phase evolution process in high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of a deep gas-condensate reservoir, which makes it more difficult to predict and prevent the wax precipitation. This study measured the component composition, physical properties, and carbon number distribution of the closed sampled condensates from the wellbore region. The fluid component in wells was corrected by combining with the gas–oil ratio of the actual production data. The wellbore temperature and pressure profiles were accurately predicted using the corrected component, and the phase envelope relationship of gas-condensate flow was reasonably determined. A cold finger apparatus was designed to test the wax deposition characteristics. The main test unit consists of a completely closed high-pressure autoclave and a cold finger with a maximum 140 °C temperature-tolerant and 16,000 psi pressure-tolerant ability. The wax deposition characteristics were formulated, including wax appearance temperature (WAT), critical conditions for wax deposition, wax crystal morphology, and wax deposition rate. The primary mechanisms causing wax deposition in the wellbore region of deep gas-condensate reservoirs are still thermal diffusion and molecular diffusion. A wax crystal improved wax inhibitor consisting of hydrocarbons and polymers was collected and employed. The wax crystal improved wax inhibitor showed remarkable wax prevention performance, reducing WAT by up to 80% and achieving a 90% wax inhibiting rate within the experimental measurement concentrations. These results offer insights into the wax precipitation behavior, wax deposition characteristics, and wax prevention of the condensates.
Full Waveform Inversion-Based Ultrasound Computed Tomography Acceleration Using Two-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kleman Christopher , Anwar Shoaib , Liu Zhengchun , Gong Jiaqi , Zhu Xishi , Yunker Austin , Kettimuthu Rajkumar , He Jiaze 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) shows great promise in nondestructive evaluation and medical imaging due to its ability to quickly scan and collect data from a region of interest. However, existing approaches are a tradeoff between the accuracy of the prediction and the speed at which the data can be analyzed, and processing the collected data into a meaningful image requires both time and computational resources. We propose to develop convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to accelerate and enhance the inversion results to reveal underlying structures or abnormalities that may be located within the region of interest. For training, the ultrasonic signals were first processed using the full waveform inversion (FWI) technique for only a single iteration; the resulting image and the corresponding true model were used as the input and output, respectively. The proposed machine learning approach is based on implementing two-dimensional CNNs to find an approximate solution to the inverse problem of a partial differential equation-based model reconstruction. To alleviate the time-consuming and computationally intensive data generation process, a high-performance computing-based framework has been developed to generate the training data in parallel. At the inference stage, the acquired signals will be first processed by FWI for a single iteration; then the resulting image will be processed by a pre-trained CNN to instantaneously generate the final output image. The results showed that once trained, the CNNs can quickly generate the predicted wave speed distributions with significantly enhanced speed and accuracy.
On the Uniqueness of Wear Coefficient for Abrasive Wear at Nanoscale
Authors: Ma Li , Aghababaei Ramin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaterials wear is often characterized by empirical relations as the physical and chemical interactions at sliding interfaces are not fully understood at any length scale. Recent studies showed that these wear relations do not always hold in particular at the nanoscale. Here we discuss the validity range and limitations of two well-known wear models, i.e., Archard’s and Reye’s ones (which were principally developed for adhesive wear) for an abrasive wear process. Using systematic long-timescale molecular dynamic nanoscratching simulations, we show that, at the nanoscale, the wear coefficient increases by the adhesion strength and scratching depth and eventually saturates to a constant value. The saturation is associated with the transition from atomic attrition wear mode to plasticity-induced wear. This new understanding rationalizes discrepant experimental observations on the validity of Archard’s wear relation at the nanoscale. Furthermore, it confirms that a depth- and adhesion-independent wear coefficient can be obtained when plastic deformation dictates the abrasive wear process.