bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activatable Photosensitizer Prodrug for Self‐Amplified Immune Therapy Via Pyroptosis
Authors: Liang Ping‐Zhao , Ren Li‐Li , Yan Ying‐Hong , Li Zhe , Yang Fei‐Yu , Ren Tian‐Bing , Yuan Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Bing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractImmunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment, but its application is hindered by tumors’ low immunogenicity and the difficulty of immune cell infiltration. Here, to address above issues and achieve targeted tumor treatment, we designed the first activated small molecule photosensitizer immune‐prodrug HDIM based on pyroptosis, and proposed a self‐amplified immune therapy strategy (SITS) for enhanced tumor therapy. HDIM can be specifically activated by the tumor hypoxia and then simultaneously initiate immuno‐therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT)‐induced pyroptosis with NIR laser irradiation. Mechanism study demonstrated that the immunogenicity in tumor can be significantly enhanced by HDIM‐induced pyroptosis and immune cells are recruited, thus effectively amplifying the therapeutic effect of the released immune drugs. As proof of application, we have utilized HDIM for primary tumor and distant tumor therapy. And the experiment results showed that compared to current monotherapy as well as simple combination therapy, the photosensitizer prodrug HDIM exhibited much superior tumor treatment effect owing to its synchronous activation of pyroptosis and immuno‐therapy in tumor.
Upcycling Polynorbornene Derivatives into Chemically Recyclable Multiblock Linear and Thermoset Plastics
Authors: Liu Kun , Battson Megan E. , Hu Zhitao , Zhao Yucheng , Rettner Emma M. , Miscall Joel , Rorrer Nicholas A. , Miyake Garret M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSynthetic polymers have found widespread use, but their ineffective end‐of‐life treatment is causing a significant environmental and human health crisis. Here, we demonstrate the upcycling of polynorbornene derivatives (pNBEs) through their deconstruction into distinct oligomeric buildings blocks that can be repolymerized into chemically recyclable pNBEs‐like multiblock polymers via dehydrogenative polymerization. The resulting materials exhibit diverse mechanical properties, while integrating high melting temperatures (Tm as high as 133 °C). Notably, this method could also enable the selective deconstruction of permanently cross‐linked polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) thermosets into telechelic‐OH functionalized oligomers, overcoming the significant challenges posed by their robust network structure in recycling and degradation. The resulting pDCPD oligomers can subsequently be repolymerized with macrodiols to create multiblock thermosets with tunable mechanical properties, including Young's modulus and tensile elongation. After use, upcycled plastics could be effectively deconstructed back to the oligomers for recovery and repolymerization. Overall, this work establishes an approach that can be utilized to upcycle pNBEs into previously inaccessible multiblock thermosets and thermoplastics with full recyclability, and may be generalizable to a range of polymers to shift their end‐of‐life waste disposal toward sustainable recovery and reuse.
Estimating Human Fat and Muscle Conductivity From 100 Hz to 1 MHz Using Measurements and Modelling
Authors: Kangasmaa Otto , Laakso Ilkka , Schmid Gernot 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe electrical conductivity of human tissues is a major source of uncertainty when modelling the interactions between electromagnetic fields and the human body. The aim of this study is to estimate human tissue conductivities in vivo over the low‐frequency range, from 30 Hz to 1 MHz. Noninvasive impedance measurements, medical imaging, and 3D surface scanning were performed on the forearms of ten volunteer test subjects. This data set was used to create subject‐specific forearm models, numerically solve an electrostatic forward problem, after which the tissue conductivities could be estimated by solving a probabilistic inverse problem. The electrical conductivity of skeletal muscle was found to be highly anisotropic at frequencies below 10 kHz, with conductivities of 0.13 (95% credible interval (CrI): 0.10–0.16) S/m perpendicular and 0.56 (CrI: 0.52–0.60) S/m parallel to the muscle fibre direction. This anisotropy decreased with increasing frequency with these values being 0.65 (CrI: 0.48–1.00) S/m and 0.78 (CrI: 0.72–0.85) S/m at 1 MHz. The conductivity of subcutaneous fat was found to be almost constant across the considered frequency range, with values of 0.21 (CrI: 0.12–0.31) S/m and 0.22 (CrI: 0.07–0.37) S/m at 10 kHz and 1 MHz, respectively. Our study provides robust uncertainty bounds for human tissue conductivity values, which are crucial in the computational assessment of human electromagnetic field exposure. Additionally, our findings are applicable to other fields of modelling such as medical stimulation or measurement technologies.
“Revealing Therapy's Traces” After Termination: A Qualitative Change and Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Arias Nicole , Cerda Rocío , Rizo Javier , Dufey Michele 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn psychotherapy research, clients' therapeutic change has been mainly addressed through quantitative studies centered on symptom reduction, leaving aside their perceptions about how this process occurs. However, clients' perspectives are crucial to clarify how therapy works and how change takes place.ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand clients' change experiences after receiving brief, focusing‐oriented psychotherapy at termination and at follow‐up.MethodA qualitative approach was implemented using a phenomenological paradigm and grounded theory analysis. Participants were eight women between 18 and 44 years of age who had engaged in therapy for up to eight sessions. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted after termination and at follow‐ups between 8 and 12 months later.ResultsResults showed a central phenomenon of changes developing over time named “Revealing therapy's traces after termination”, involving a sequence of changes in different areas, such as the self, interpersonal relationships, connection with the body, regulation of emotions, and new understandings of the issues that motivated participants to engage in therapy.ConclusionWe conclude that this brief form of psychotherapy has the potential to positively contribute to clients' long‐term mental health, which deserves further investigation.
Construction of Escherichia coli Cell Factory for Efficient Synthesis of Indigo
Authors: Luo Shiqi , Song Wei , Hu Guipeng , Wen Jian , Li Xiaomin , Gao Cong , Liu Jia , Wei Wanqing , Liu Liming 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIndigo is widely used in dyes, medicines and semiconductors materials due to its excellent dyeing efficiency, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti‐corrosion, and thermostability properties. Here, a biosynthetic pathway for indigo was designed, integrating two enzymes (EcTnaA, MaFMO) into a higher L‐tryptophan‐producing the strain Escherichia coli TRP. However, the lower catalytic activity of MaFMO was a bottleneck for increasing indigo titers. To overcome this limitation, the enzyme activity of MaFMO was enhanced through mechanism‐guided rational design. The optimal mutant obtained in this study, MaFMOD197E, whose kcat/Km was 1.34 times that of the wild type, and its specific activity was 2.36 times that of the wild type. In addition, the expression levels of EcTnaA and MaFMOD197E were regulated by optimizing the promoters and increasing the copy number to generate the strain E. coli IND‐13. Finally, in the optimal fermentation conditions (220 rpm, 0.05 % Tween‐80), the strain E. coli IND‐13 achieved the indigo titer of 568.52 mg/L in a 5‐L bioreactor, with the yield and productivity of 2.62 mg/g and 12.96 mg/L/h (the highest to date), respectively. The results presented here can lay a foundation for further construction of cell factories for indigo and its derivatives with industrial application potential.
Life Stage‐ and Sex‐Specific Sensitivity to Nutritional Stress in a Holometabolous Insect
Authors: Brueggemann Leon , Singh Pragya , Müller Caroline 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOver lifetime, organisms can be repeatedly exposed to stress, shaping their phenotype. At certain, so‐called sensitive phases, individuals might be more receptive to such stress, for example, nutritional stress. However, little is known about how plastic responses differ between individuals experiencing nutritional stress early versus later in life or repeatedly, particularly in species with distinct ontogenetic niches. Moreover, there may be sex‐specific differences due to distinct physiology. Larvae of the holometabolous turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae, consume leaves and flowers, while the adults take up nectar. We examined the effects of starvation experienced at different life stages on life‐history, adult behavioural and metabolic traits to determine which stage may be more sensitive and how specific these traits respond. We exposed individuals to four nutritional regimes, either no, larval, adult starvation or starvation periods as larvae and adults. Larvae exposed to starvation had a prolonged development, and starved females reached a lower initial adult body mass than non‐starved individuals. Males did not differ in initial adult body mass regardless of larval starvation, suggesting the ability to conform well to poor nutritional conditions. Adult behavioural activity was not significantly impacted by larval or adult starvation. Individuals starved as larvae had similar carbohydrate and lipid (i.e., fatty acid) contents as non‐starved individuals, potentially due to building up energy reserves during development, while starvation during adulthood or at both stages led to reduced energy reserves in males. This study indicates that the sensitivity of a life stage to stress depends on the specific trait under consideration. Life‐history traits were mainly affected by larval stress, while activity appeared to be more robust and metabolism mostly impacted by the adult conditions. Individuals differed in their ability to conform to the given environment, with the responses being life stage‐ and sex‐specific.
A Novel Structure of High Voltage Gain DC‐DC Converters for Photovoltaic (PV) Applications
Authors: Karimian Farzad , Nahavandi Ali , Pakbaz Pouria 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a new structure of high‐voltage‐gain DC‐DC boost converters is proposed for photovoltaic applications. The proposed converter has high voltage gain and low voltage stress on switches and diodes, which is the main factor in reducing losses and increasing circuit efficiency. The switching elements of the circuit have a common ground with each other and with the output, making the control of the switching elements simpler. This converter can be fed from two input power sources in such a way that the output voltage of two separate solar panels can be converted to input and have a high voltage level at the output. Some of the diodes that are used in the proposed converter operate under zero voltage and zero current turning on and turning off, which reduces circuit losses. The proposed converter has two modes of operation. After analysis and calculations, the proposed converter is simulated using Matlab/Simulink. Finally, a laboratory prototype of the proposed converter is presented to verify its performance.
Case report: Management of acute progressive hemothorax in pregnancy complicated by maternal pulmonary sequestration
Authors: Jiang Mengmeng , Wei Zengtao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPulmonary sequestration is a rare pulmonary malformation, typically characterized by asymptomatic presentation or recurrent pulmonary infections, with chest pain and hemothorax being exceedingly rare occurrences. The rupture and hemorrhage of maternal pulmonary sequestration during pregnancy pose a life‐threatening condition that is challenging to diagnose. We present a case of a 37‐year‐old pregnant woman in her third trimester who presented with acute progressive hemothorax, a complication arising from maternal pulmonary sequestration. The patient experienced chest pain, which was followed by a decrease in blood pressure, albeit without a concomitant drop in blood oxygen saturation. Within a critical 24‐h window, an emergency cesarean section was performed, promptly followed by a right inferior lobectomy. Intraoperative diagnosis confirmed pulmonary sequestration. Fortunately, both the patient and the newborn had a favorable prognosis post‐surgery. The diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration in pregnancy is challenging and can present with non‐specific symptoms. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for pulmonary sequestration, especially in cases of unexplained chest pain or hemothorax during pregnancy. Timely surgical intervention can be life‐saving and is crucial for maternal and fetal well‐being.
VGX: VGG19‐Based Gradient Explainer Interpretable Architecture for Brain Tumor Detection in Microscopy Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MMRI)
Authors: Kothadiya Deep , Rehman Amjad , AlGhofaily Bayan , Bhatt Chintan , Ayesha Noor , Saba Tanzila 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of deep learning algorithms has transformed medical image analysis, especially in brain tumor recognition. This research introduces a robust automatic microbrain tumor identification method utilizing the VGG16 deep learning model. Microscopy magnetic resonance imaging (MMRI) scans extract detailed features, providing multi‐modal insights. VGG16, known for its depth and high performance, is utilized for this purpose. The study demonstrates the model's potential for precise and effective diagnosis by examining how well it can differentiate between areas of normal brain tissue and cancerous regions, leveraging both MRI and microscopy data. We describe in full the pre‐processing actions taken to improve the quality of input data and maximize model efficiency. A carefully selected dataset, incorporating diverse tumor sizes and types from both microscopy and MRI sources, is used during the training phase to ensure representativeness. The proposed modified VGG19 model achieved 98.81% validation accuracy. Despite good accuracy, interpretation of the result still questionable. The proposed methodology integrates explainable AI (XAI) for brain tumor detection to interpret system decisions. The proposed study uses a gradient explainer to interpret classification results. Comparative statistical analysis highlights the effectiveness of the proposed explainer model over other XAI techniques.
Atypical Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Yang Xin , Si Guang‐Qian , Ge Hong‐Han , Li Chun‐Hui , Cui Ning , Yuan Yi‐Mei , Zhou Chao , Li Hao , Zhang Xiao‐Ai , Lin Ling , Bao Peng‐Tao , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick‐borne disease with a high fatality rate. The clinical diagnosis criteria mainly rely on white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT), which, however, are of limited usage in identifying atypical SFTS. A multicenter study was performed in two hospitals from 2011 to 2023. SFTS patients were categorized as atypical or typical based on the clinical diagnosis criteria. Clinical progress and outcomes were compared between the two groups. A total of 2876 laboratory‐confirmed SFTS patients were included in this study, 90.54% (2604/2876) of whom exhibited both thrombocytopenia and leukopenia and were defined as typical SFTS patients, while 9.46% (272/2876) were defined as atypical SFTS patients. Patients with typical SFTS were more likely to develop complications (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.48–2.92, p < 0.001) and fatal outcomes (adjusted OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.37–3.89, p = 0.002) compared to patients with atypical SFTS. Among atypical patients, those with decreased PLT and normal WBC levels (PLT↓ and WBC→) experienced increased complication rates (adjusted OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.30–6.05, p < 0.001) compared to those with decreased WBC and normal PLT (WBC↓ and PLT→). In the typical group, 238 patients developed thrombocytopenia earlier than leukocytopenia (defined as the TL group), while 311 subjects developed leukocytopenia earlier than thrombocytopenia (defined as the LT group). Compared to the LT group, patients in the TL group were more likely to develop fatal outcomes (HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.04–3.50). These findings highlight the presence of atypical SFTS cases that did not meet the clinical diagnosis criteria. Clinical profiles and outcomes differed between typical and atypical SFTS patients. A less stringent diagnostic criterion than combined thrombocytopenia and leukopenia is suggested for making clinical diagnoses within 7 days of disease onset.
Establishing Reference Values in the Neuromuscular Ultrasound Laboratory Using the e‐Norms Method: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Błaż Michał , Kułaga Agnieszka , Ostrowska Monika , Maludzińska Ewa , Michalski Michał , Jabre Joe F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsThe standard procedure to establish reference values in a neuromuscular laboratory involves examining healthy controls, as nerve size varies with the population and muscle echo intensity (EI) is device‐specific. We aimed to derive these reference values by extrapolation from a studied sample (the e‐norms method), compare them with published reference values, and determine their diagnostic accuracy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from consecutive patients who underwent nerve and/or muscle ultrasound in our ultrasound laboratory, which is a tertiary referral center for neuromuscular diseases in Southern Poland in the years 2018–2023. We plotted the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the nerve segments and EI of the individual muscles and derived descriptive statistics from the plateau of the e‐norms curve. We compared the mean difference of the nerve size to other studies and determined the ability of the muscle EI to discriminate myopathic versus healthy subjects using receiver operator characteristics curves.ResultsWe analyzed 1124 nerves and 1154 muscles from 109 and 99 subjects, respectively. The derived reference values for nerve CSA were mostly concordant with other studies, including all nerve segments in the legs and with the exception of compression sites and the most proximal nerve segments in the arms. Using the reference values for muscle EI established with the e‐norms method, we were able to discriminate myopathic from healthy subjects with 85% sensitivity and 92% specificity.DiscussionThe e‐norms is a feasible method to establish reference values in the neuromuscular ultrasound laboratory.
Advanced Fine Line Printing With Glass Stencils: Achieving Metal Contact Fingers Below 10 μm
Authors: Schweigstill T. , Mielich N. , Vogt A. , Schulz‐Ruhtenberg M. , Clement F. , Huyeng J. D. , Lorenz A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFor high‐efficiency solar cells, such as Si‐III‐V tandem solar cells, implementing narrow contact fingers is essential for achieving optimal conversion efficiencies. By achieving narrower contact fingers without compromising electrical performance, more sunlight reaches the active areas of the cell, thus reducing front‐side shading and enhancing overall energy conversion efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate a proof of principle for a novel low‐temperature metallization process using glass stencils to print ultra‐fine line contacts. The narrowest contacts achieved have a width of  = 8.4 ± 1.3 with an aspect ratio of  = 0.19 ± 0.05. Through optimization described in this work, contact fingers with  = 9.7 ± 0.6 μm and a substantially greater aspect ratio of  = 0.45 ± 0.1 could be achieved. To realize these ultra‐fine line fingers, glass stencils with tailored aperture channels were realized using a two‐step laser induced deep etching (LIDE) process that enables complex three‐dimensional aperture channel geometries.
Combined first‐trimester screening for preterm small‐for‐gestational‐age infants: Australian multicenter clinical feasibility study
Authors: Selvaratnam R. J. , Rolnik D. L. , Setterfield M. , Wallace E. M. , Hyett J. A. , da Silva Costa F. , McLennan A. C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the performance of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) first‐trimester competing‐risks screening model for small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses requiring delivery at < 37 weeks' gestation, in a large cohort of women receiving maternity care in Australia.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a cohort of women attending one of two private multicenter fetal medicine practices for first‐trimester screening for preterm pre‐eclampsia (PE), defined as PE requiring delivery before 37 weeks' gestation. Risk for preterm SGA, defined as SGA requiring delivery before 37 weeks, was calculated but was not disclosed to the patient or referring physician. Screening data were matched to obstetric outcomes. The primary outcome was the efficacy of the FMF screening model in assessing the risk of preterm SGA. The potential effect on identifying other adverse pregnancy outcomes was also assessed.ResultsDuring the study period, 22 841 women with a singleton pregnancy underwent combined first‐trimester screening for preterm PE. These data were compared with those of 301 721 women in the state of Victoria with a singleton pregnancy who did not undergo screening during the study period. Calculation of the risk for preterm SGA identified 3030 (13.3%) pregnancies as high risk. The sensitivity of the model was 48.6% (95% CI, 41.0–56.2%), specificity was 87.0% (95% CI, 86.6–87.5%) and positive and negative predictive values were 2.9% (95% CI, 2.7–3.1%) and 99.5% (95% CI, 99.4–99.6%), respectively. Pregnancies at high risk for preterm SGA were also more likely to have preterm PE (risk ratio (RR), 2.28 (95% CI, 1.72–3.03)) and preterm birth (RR, 1.46 (95% CI, 1.32–1.63)), compared with unscreened pregnancies. Pregnancies at low risk for preterm SGA were less likely to result in a stillbirth (RR, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.47–0.86)) compared with unscreened pregnancies.ConclusionCombined first‐trimester screening for preterm SGA shows moderate screening efficacy and therefore could help to inform pregnancy management and improve antenatal resource allocation. © 2025 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A Self-Adaptive Explicit Iterative Algorithm for Solving the Split Common Solution Problem
Authors: Reich Simeon , Tuyen Truong Minh , Trang Nguyen Thi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper aims to introduce a novel self-adaptive explicit iterative algorithm for solving the split common solution problem with monotone operator equations in real Hilbert spaces. This new approach does not employ resolvent operators nor does it use the norms of the bounded linear operators (transfer mappings) from the source space to the image spaces.