bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps and disparities in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection in the USA
Authors: Wong Robert J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection affects nearly 300 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related mortality. However, major gaps in the CHB cascade of care persist, with the majority of individuals with CHB not diagnosed and not linked to care and treatment. Even among individuals with known CHB, existing studies report on major gaps and disparities in timely linkage to care and timely access to CHB therapies. While the momentum to expand and simplify CHB treatment guidelines is promising, access to treatment still relies on individuals being effectively engaged in clinical care and liver disease monitoring. The contributing factors to the observed gaps and disparities in the CHB cascade of care are complex and multifactorial, and there is no one-size-fits-all solution than can be easily applied across all global regions. However, any serious approach towards addressing the existing gaps in the CHB cascade of care to improve patient outcomes requires a concerted investment from healthcare institutions, governments, policymakers, and industry partners to provide the necessary resources to be able to achieve this goal. Anything less than a comprehensive and collaborative approach that engages all stakeholders to invest effort and resources into tackling the global epidemic of CHB will continue to fall short in making progress towards global viral hepatitis elimination goals.
An unclear partnership: key questions about physician and advanced practice provider collaboration in primary care
Authors: Martin Estelle , Landon Bruce , Spetz Joanne , Edgman-Levitan Susan , Neprash Hannah , Bates David W , Rotenstein Lisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
More than 83 million people in the United States live in primary care shortage areas. As the US healthcare system faces a contracting primary care physician workforce, advanced practice providers are playing an increasingly important role in the delivery of primary care services. In parallel, public discourse regarding the differences in care delivery by advanced practice providers versus physicians has also expanded. In this commentary, we describe 3 main evidence gaps hindering optimal physician and advanced practice provider work organization in contemporary primary care delivery: (1) gaps in understanding the unique and overlapping competencies of each role group, (2) gaps in evaluating and defining optimal role delineation, and (3) gaps in payment models supporting effective collaboration. We subsequently present key needs in these 3 areas, including technology-based approaches to track physician and advanced practice provider competencies, increased empirical data on different clinical teaming structures, and exploration of novel models for primary care payment. We also note the need for an enhanced understanding of patient perspectives regarding primary care role types and teaming structures.
Psychological safety, job satisfaction, and the intention to leave among German early-career physicians
Authors: Etti Nicola , Weigl Matthias , Gambashidze Nikoloz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Healthcare systems worldwide experience shortages of healthcare professionals. Retention of physicians is becoming an increasing problem. The psychological safety among physicians affects not only performance but also their emotional well-being and job satisfaction. This study aims to evaluate early career physicians’ perception of psychological safety and its influence on job satisfaction and intention to leave.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, early career physicians, currently in fellowship programs in Germany were invited to fill in an electronic survey. The instrument consisted of demographic variables and sections from validated and well-established questionnaires. Psychological safety was evaluated on three levels—in relation to the team leader, team as a whole, and peers. Also, job satisfaction was assessed with standardized measures, and participants were asked if they were considering leaving their current employer. Participants were recruited via a nationwide learning platform—an online educational portal for medical students and early career physicians. Data analyses included descriptive, correlation analysis, and regression analyses to determine univariate and multivariate associations with job satisfaction and intention to leave.

Results
The study sample consisted of 432 early career physicians. Most were fulltime employed (85.6%), female (78.2%), and in first 3 years of their postgraduate education (77.5%). A total of 47.2% indicated intention to leave their current employment. On a Likert-10 agreement scale, with high scores indicating greater psychological safety, the mean scores for leader-related, team-related, and peer-related psychological safety were 6.01 [95% confidence interval = 5.81–6.21), 7.30 (7.11–7.49), and 7.95 (7.78–8.12), respectively. In correlation analysis, all dimensions of psychological safety showed significant associations with job satisfaction and the intention to leave. In the multiple regression analyses, female gender (B = −0.10; P = .04) and age group (B = −0.08; P &lt; .01) were associated with lower job satisfaction. High leader and team-related psychological safety were significantly associated with higher job satisfaction (B = 0.18, P &lt; .01; B = 0.10, P &lt; .01), and negatively related to intention to leave (OR = 0.53, P &lt; 0.01; OR = 0.77, P &lt; .01).

Conclusion
This survey enhances our understanding of the nuances of psychological safety among early career physicians. In Germany, they reported low-to-medium levels of psychological safety related to the leader and low job satisfaction. Almost every second participant indicated intention to leave the organization. Leader-related psychological safety had highest effect on job satisfaction and intention to leave. Our findings corroborate the eminent role of leadership, workplace, and safety culture for job satisfaction and retention of early career physicians, what consequently affects quality and safety of healthcare.
Assessment of peak particle velocity of blast vibration using hybrid soft computing approaches
Authors: Yuan Haiping , Zou Yangyao , Li Hengzhe , Ji Shuaijie , Gu Ziang , He Liu , Hu Ruichao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Blasting vibration is a major adverse effect in rock blasting excavation, and accurately predicting its peak particle velocity (PPV) is vital for ensuring engineering safety and risk management. This study proposes an innovative IHO-VMD-CatBoost model that integrates variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the CatBoost algorithm, with hyperparameters globally optimized using the improved hippopotamus optimization (IHO) algorithm. Compared to existing models, the proposed method improves feature extraction from vibration signals and significantly enhances prediction accuracy, especially in complex geological conditions. Using measured data from open-pit mine blasting, the model extracts key features such as maximum section charge, total charge, and horizontal distance, achieving superior performance compared to 13 traditional models. It reports a root mean square error of 0.28 cm/s, a mean absolute error of 0.17 cm/s, an index of agreement of 0.993, and a variance accounted for value of 97.28%, demonstrating superior prediction accuracy, a high degree of fit with observed data, and overall robustness in PPV prediction. Additionally, analyses based on the SHapley Additive Explanations framework provide insights into the complex nonlinear relationships between factors like horizontal distance and maximum section charge, improving the model’s interpretability. The model demonstrates robustness, stability, and applicability in various tests, confirming its reliability in complex engineering scenarios, and offering a valuable solution for safe mining and optimized blasting design.
A copyright nexus between food and fashion
Authors: Mell Amanda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article confronts the US copyright system’s treatment of two undervalued art forms: food art and fashion design. The threshold requirements of originality and fixation and the useful article doctrine continue to deprive chefs, food artists and fashion designers of the recognition they deserve. As a result, US copyright law favours established brands and traditional works of visual art over independent creators and works of applied art. By comparing the American copyright regime to those of other countries, I demonstrate the feasibility of extending copyright protection to food art and fashion design without stymying innovation. Furthermore, I explore the sexist, classist underpinnings of the food and fashion industries and their widespread over-reliance on unauthorized copying and unsavory practices to incentivize creativity. Despite each obstacle to protection, including ephemerality, utility and the industry norms of collaboration and copying in conceptualizing new works, copyright law should recognize exceptionally original feats of food art and fashion design. With more protections for unconventional art, creatives will have the freedom to take risks and the ability to benefit from their ingenuity.
Unblocking the implementation of altruistic surrogacy in Portugal: inclusive legal reform proposals through a comparative analysis
Authors: Nonell i Rodríguez Arnau 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the Portuguese surrogacy regime, which has undergone significant modifications over eight years but remains unimplemented. It traces the evolution of surrogacy law in Portugal from its legalization in 2016 up to 2024, emphasizing the impact of two unconstitutionality judgments and presidential vetoes. It then identifies practical and legal obstacles preventing policy implementation: a lack of resource allocation to the competent body and uncertain legal parenthood once the surrogate revokes consent. To propose solutions to some problems derived from its legal regime, a comparative methodology is employed, exploring altruistic surrogacy in the UK, South Africa, and Ontario (Canada). These systems, operational for years and sharing characteristics with the Portuguese model, provide insights into its strengths and weaknesses. This cross-national study presents reform proposals to address some legal challenges of the current regime, which could facilitate inclusivity and the successful implementation of surrogacy in Portugal. Recommendations include adopting a broader definition of infertility and establishing provisions for triple legal parenthood in cases where a surrogate revokes consent. The paper argues that substantial time and effort have been invested in developing this regime. Therefore, once the most critical issues are addressed through further regulation, policy implementation should be prioritized. The paper concludes that additional improvements in surrogacy law can only occur if the practice is operational in Portugal.
Trends in the sizes and carbonaceous fractions of primary emitted particulate matter in China from 1960 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Yuanzheng , Li Jin , Zheng Shuxiu , Dai Rong , Wang Jinghang , Zhu Yaqi , Zhang Wenxiao , Xu Haoran , Shen Guofeng , Shen Huizhong , Ma Jianmin , Wang Xuejun , Tao Shu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The health impacts of particulate matter (PM) depend on its concentration, size and composition. Herein, we quantified the changes in the emissions of primary PM2.5, PM2.5–10 and PM&gt;10 with aerodynamic diameters of &lt;2.5 μm, 2.5–10 μm and &gt;10 μm, respectively, black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) to address the changes and driving factors. The temporal trends of PM emissions follow Kuznets curves, with 1995 as the peak year when the gross domestic product per capita was only US$1023, showing a late-mover advantage. The fractions of PM2.5 : PM2.5–10 : PM&gt;10 and BC : OC : non-carbonaceous-PM2.5 from various sectors varied following different trajectories. The mass fractions of PM2.5 : PM2.5–10 : PM&gt;10 from iron–steel production industries changed from 21% : 12% : 67% in 1960 to 50% : 13% : 37% in 2019, showing a decrease in PM size. The fractions of BC were linearly correlated with PM2.5, whereas the dependence of OC on PM2.5 differed before and after 1995, owing to changes in residential emissions. Various factors influencing the changes in size and carbonaceous fraction were explored. The major factors were the promotion of dust-removal capacity and the transition in residential energy from solid fuels to emission-free fuels, which increased the fractions of fine PM and carbonaceous fraction.
Multiplex PCR Detection of Enteric Pathogens in a Community-based Birth Cohort in Ecuador: Comparison of xTAG-GPP and TaqMan Array Card Assays
Authors: Ayala Stuart Torres , Simbaña Vivanco Lesly , Walas Nikolina , Jesser Kelsey , Zhou Nicolette A , Fagnant-Sperati Christine S , Burroughs Hadley R , Lee Gwenyth O , Eisenberg Joseph N S , Trueba Gabriel , Levy Karen , Arnold Benjamin F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We compared the performance of 2 multiplex platforms, Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel and TaqMan Array Card, against a panel of 14 enteric pathogen targets in a community-based birth cohort in Ecuador. We found high levels of agreement and similar prevalence estimates across most pathogens.
Prevalence of Naturally Occurring HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitor Resistance–Related Mutations in Antiretroviral Therapy–Naïve and –Experienced Individuals in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Nan-Yu , Cheng Chien-Yu , Lo Shih-Hao , Lu Po-Liang , Yang Chia-Jui , Tseng Cheng-Yin , Tsai Hung-Chin , Wu Ting-Shu , Hsiao Yu-Hsiang , Liu Zhuo-Hao , Ku Stephane Wen-Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
It is generally believed that HIV-1 capsid inhibitor–naïve populations are susceptible to capsid inhibitors. Moreover, conventional HIV-1 resistance genotyping does not include the CA region, leading to limited surveillance data.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the presence of mutations at positions associated with capsid inhibitor resistance before the introduction of the first HIV-1 capsid inhibitor, lenacapavir, in Taiwan. Capsid mutations at positions L56, N57, M66, Q67, K70, N74, A105, and T107 were analyzed using a local HIV-1 database that encompasses near-full-length next-generation sequencing data of both antiretroviral therapy (ART)–naïve and –experienced individuals with HIV-1, collected between 2017 and 2023 in Northern Taiwan.

Results
A total of 287 CA sequences were analyzed. Mutations at positions associated with capsid inhibitor resistance were rare, found in 4.5% (7/156) of ART-naïve and 5.3% (7/131) of ART-experienced individuals, mainly as accessory mutations or polymorphisms. Notably, a Q67H mutation was found in an ART-naïve individual at a frequency of 26.8%, while a Q67R mutation, with unclear clinical implications, appeared at 2.8% in an ART-experienced case.

Conclusions
This result indicated low prevalence yet undeniable existence of naturally occurring capsid inhibitor resistance–related mutations in capsid inhibitor–naïve individuals with HIV-1.
Adenovirus Infections and Disease in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Incidence and Outcomes
Authors: Grarup Katrine Riishøj , Schwartz Sørensen Søren , Perch Michael , Schultz Nicolai , Gustafsson Finn , Brix Christensen Vibeke , Schønning Kristian , Sommerlund Moestrup Kasper , Lundgren Jens , Crone Cornelia Geisler , Helleberg Marie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
We aimed to examine the epidemiology and outcomes of AdV disease in SOTr and assess the utility of AdV surveillance in SOTr &lt;13 years.

Methods
SOTr transplanted at Rigshospitalet, 2010–2021, were included. The center had a screening program for SOTr &lt;13 years with monthly plasma AdV tests the first 6 months following transplantation.

Results
We included 2009 SOTr (of whom 82 were aged &lt;13 years), and 1330 blood samples from 382 SOTr were analyzed for AdV, of which 10 (0.8%) from 6 SOTr &lt;13 years tested positive. Five out of six were tested as part of the screening program. Three remained asymptomatic, while three had symptoms attributable to co-infections. One adult lung transplant recipient with AdV in BAL had acute exacerbation of chronic graft rejection.

Conclusions
We found a low incidence of AdV disease. SOTr diagnosed with AdV viremia as part of screening remained asymptomatic or had symptoms attributable to co-infections. Our findings do not support routine surveillance for AdV in SOTr.
The transcription factor GmFULc regulates soybean plant height by binding the promoter of a gibberellin-responsive gene
Authors: Sun Jingzhe , Zhang Xiaoming , Feng Junhang , Ma Xiaofei , Ji Yujia , Chen Shujun , Li Jihui , Li Dongmei , Wang Xiujun , Zhao Lin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plant height is a crucial agronomic characteristic that substantially influences soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. FRUITFULLc (GmFULc) is a MADS-box transcription factor that acts as a growth promoter in soybean; however, the mechanism by which GmFULc regulates soybean height is unknown. This study revealed that GmFULc:GmFULc (the expression of the GmFULc gene driven by its native promoter) soybeans exhibit increased plant height and longer internodes. Conversely, soybean plants containing fulc mutations showed reduced plant height and shortened internodes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR revealed GmFULc promotes the expression of gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis 14 (GmGASA14) and GmGASA32 by directly binding to G-boxes in their promoter regions, leading to notably increased expression of GmGASA14 and GmGASA32 in GmFULc:GmFULc soybean plants and reduced expression in soybean plants containing the fulc-2 mutation. The GmFULc-mediated enhanced expression of GmGASA14 and GmGASA32 increased the gibberellin signal, which may have inhibited gibberellin synthesis by increasing gibberellin 2-oxidase (GmGA2ox) expression and decreasing GA20ox expression. Our findings suggest that GmFULc promoted the expression of GmGASA genes by directly binding to G-boxes in their promoters to regulate soybean plant height.
The transcription factor SlLBD40 regulates seed germination by inhibiting cell wall remodeling enzymes during endosperm weakening
Authors: Zhang Jialong , Liu Lun , Dong Danhui , Xu Jiayi , Li Hongxin , Deng Qilin , Zhang Yan , Huang Wei , Zhang Haijun , Guo Yang-Dong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Uniform seed germination is crucial for consistent seedling emergence and efficient seedling production. In this study, we identified a seed-expressed protein in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), lateral organ boundaries domain 40 (SlLBD40), that regulates germination speed. CRISPR/Cas9-generated SlLBD40 knockout mutants exhibited faster germination due to enhanced seed imbibition, independent of the seed coat. The expression of SlLBD40 was induced during the imbibition process, particularly in the micropylar endosperm, suggesting its role in endosperm weakening. Gene ontology analysis of RNA-seq data indicated that differentially expressed genes were enriched in cell wall-related processes. SlLBD40 directly targeted genes encoding cell wall remodeling enzymes implicated in endosperm weakening, including expansin 6 (SlEXP6), xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 23 (SlXTH23), and endo-β-mannanase 1 (SlMAN1). Our findings shed light on the role of endosperm weakening in regulating seed germination and propose potential gene targets for improving germination in species constrained by endosperm strength.
Neural mechanisms underlying the interactive exchange of facial emotional expressions
Authors: Kroczek Leon O H , Mühlberger Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Facial emotional expressions are crucial in face-to-face social interactions, and recent findings have highlighted their interactive nature. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This electroencephalography study investigated whether the interactive exchange of facial expressions modulates socio-emotional processing. Participants (N = 41) displayed a facial emotional expression (angry, neutral, or happy) toward a virtual agent, and the agent then responded with a further emotional expression (angry or happy) or remained neutral (control condition). We assessed subjective experience (valence, arousal), facial EMG (Zygomaticus, Corrugator), and event-related potentials (EPN, LPP) elicited by the agent’s response. Replicating previous findings, we found that an agent’s happy facial expression was experienced as more pleasant and elicited increased Zygomaticus activity when participants had initiated the interaction with a happy compared to an angry expression. At the neural level, angry expressions resulted in a greater LPP than happy expressions, but only when participants directed an angry or happy, but not a neutral, expression at the agent. These findings suggest that sending an emotional expression increases salience and enhances the processing of received emotional expressions, indicating that an interactive setting alters brain responses to social stimuli.
Addressing Kinship Caregivers’ Ambivalence and Internalized Stigma to Improve Acceptance of Financial Assistance for Children in Foster Care
Authors: Ansong David , Appiah-Kubi Jamal , Amoako Emmanuel O , Brevard Kanisha , Denby Ramona W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Financial assistance programs, such as the Kinship Guardianship Assistance Program, provide essential ongoing support for the care of children when reunification with their biological parents or adoption by other families is not feasible. However, these programs are underutilized by relatives who step in to provide stable, permanent homes for these children, partly due to unresolved internal conflicts about accepting financial support for caring for family members. Formative data (N = 178) and Bayesian inferential methods were used to examine whether a tailored training and support program for kinship caregivers could influence the internal conflict and attitudes of these caregivers concerning their acceptance of financial assistance. The study also assessed whether reductions in internal conflicts differed by program delivery mode: in-person versus virtual. Findings indicate that internal conflicts and stigma (a) reduced after participation in the program, (b) reduced with both delivery modes, with greater reductions among the virtual participants, but (c) did not reduce for participants of the standard foster parent training program. Results trending in the desired direction indicate that kin-specific training and programs may have crossover effects on internalized financial stigma, thus highlighting the need for future evaluations to affirm these results and inform intervention planning.