bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation of blend of organic acids and monoglycerides alleviated diarrhea and systemic inflammation of weaned pigs experimentally infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Sun Shuhan , Wongchanla Supatirada , Chen Ying , Li Xunde , Liu Yanhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms associated with conventional swine production practices has increased interest in acid-based compounds having antimicrobial properties and other biological functions as nutritional interventions. Despite the interest in organic acids and monoglycerides, few studies have examined the effects of the combination of these acid-based additives in weaned pigs under disease challenge conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with blend of organic acids and/or medium-chain fatty acid monoglycerides on intestinal health and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18 at 4-week of age.

Results
Dietary supplementation of organic acids, monoglycerides, or both organic acids and monoglycerides (combination) reduced (P < 0.05) the diarrhea frequency of ETEC F18-infected pigs throughout the experimental period (d −7 to 21 post-inoculation). This is consistent with the reduced (P < 0.05) proportion of β-hemolytic coliforms in feces observed for the organic acid and combination treatments on d 10 post-inoculation. Supplementation of organic acids, monoglycerides, or combination also reduced (P < 0.05) bacterial translocation in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 21 post-inoculation. Pigs fed with monoglycerides or combination had lower (P < 0.05) white blood cells on d 5 post-inoculation, and pigs fed the combination also had lower (P < 0.05) lymphocytes than pigs in control group. Monoglyceride supplementation increased (P < 0.05) white blood cells and neutrophils compared with control group on d 14 post-inoculation. However, supplementation with organic acid blend, monoglyceride blend, or combination did not affect growth performance in this experiment.

Conclusions
Supplementation with monoglycerides or organic acids alone or in combination improves the detrimental effects of ETEC F18 infection in weaned pigs, as indicated by reduced diarrhea, fecal shedding of β-hemolytic coliforms, and bacterial translocation, and thus enhancing disease resistance. Monoglycerides reduced the inflammatory response during peak infection, but their immunomodulatory and possible synergistic effects with organic acids need to be further investigated.
Capillary refill time paradoxically decreases in a blood loss shock model
Authors: Gustavsson Hugo , Meyer Frida , Fahlander Sara , Ölwegård Birgitta , Jonasson Hanna , Toll Rani , Henricson Joakim , Wilhelms Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate whether changes in capillary refill (CR) time precede macrovascular signs of deterioration in a human model of blood loss shock. The study was conducted at the Department of Emergency Medicine in Linköping, Sweden, and involved 42 healthy volunteers aged 18–45. Participants were randomized into two provocations of applied lower body negative pressure (LBNP): a stepwise escalation protocol and a direct application protocol, to simulate gradual and acute blood loss. The main outcome measure was CR time. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, heart rate, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance were measured continuously. CR time was assessed on the finger pulp using a standardized pressure and measured with a polarized reflectance imaging system.

Results
The provocation elicited pre-syncope reactions and clear decrease in blood pressure for all participants, yet two-thirds of the participants in both protocols reacted with shorter CR times at maximum provocation, and the overall median CR time decreased by 0.2 s (Wilcoxon W = − 395.0, range: − 6.3 to 3.2, IQR − 1.3 to 0.1, P = 0.0070). Participants with shorter CR times exhibited comparatively greater increases in systemic vascular resistance and a more pronounced decrease in cardiac output.

Conclusions
Our findings reveal that finger CR time paradoxically decreases in a majority of healthy volunteers in a lower body negative pressure model of blood loss, challenging traditional assumptions about the CR test’s reliability as a shock indicator in its present interpretation.
Process evaluation of a cross-sectoral, coordinated follow-up care of stroke patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Schrage Theresa , Glissmann Claudia , Thomalla Götz , Rimmele David Leander , Schmidt Holger , Rosenkranz Michael , Boskamp Stefan , Härter Martin , Kriston Levente 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Implementation of interventions to improve follow-up stroke care is complex due to the involvement of various stakeholders and challenges of health care coordination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of implementing a cross-sectoral, coordinated follow-up care for stroke patients (the StroCare intervention).

Methods
As part of a multicenter interventional trial, this qualitative study was performed in a pre-post design with semi-structured interviews conducted with patients and health care employees. The multicomponent intervention was implemented in eight participating acute care and rehabilitation clinics. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Contents were coded using eight a priori defined categories (acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, sustainability, patient-centeredness, satisfaction with treatment, and pandemic-related effects) with the possibility of inductively developed categories.

Results
Interviews with 21 patients and 34 interviews with 23 employees were conducted. In addition to the deductive categories, three inductive categories (psychosocial implications, interconnectedness, and potential for improvement) emerged. Acceptability, adoption, and appropriateness were assessed positively before the intervention. However, poor feasibility had a negative impact on adoption and appropriateness. In contrast, outcomes related to patient care (patient-centeredness and psychosocial implications) were independent from this effect.

Conclusions
Similar to other implementation studies of stroke care interventions, implementation of eHealth Services in the StroCare project met barriers in usability and adaptability of new software. However, high adoption and appropriateness in regard to patient-centeredness, psychosocial implications, and an overall benefit for the patients supported continuation of the remaining intervention components.

Trial registration The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04159324), registration date 12/11/19.
Towards tetanus elimination
Authors: Ibrahim Hamdy , Zaky Samy , Hagag Mahmoud , Bahawashy Ahmed S. El , Elsawy Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tetanus is a serious toxin-mediated disease caused by Clostridium tetani, and it was well-known to ancient physicians and in Greece. The disease is still prevalent in developing countries including Egypt with high morbidity and mortality. It is preventable with a safe and cost-effective vaccine and effective immunization programs. Based on the remarkable success of the World Health Organization (WHO) in reducing maternal and neonatal tetanus throughout the world, lowering tetanus among adults is also possible if a plan for disease elimination is promoted.
A Cursing Brain? The Histories of Tourette Syndrome, by Howard I. Kushner
Authors: Biswas Asit B. , Singhania Binod K. , Kiani Reza 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Kushner's monograph (published in 2000) explores clinicians’ developing understanding of a syndrome first described 200 years ago. This article highlights changing concepts of the disorder, its aetiology and treatment over its long history, as described by Kushner, and considers the current differential diagnosis of DSM-5 ‘Tourette's disorder’. It points out Kushner's astute observation that the clinical syndrome originally described by Itard and Gilles de la Tourette as ‘maladie des tics’ is not what is defined in the 21st century as Tourette syndrome.
Musician's Experience After Breast Cancer Treatment: Defining Musical Toxicity and its Frequency
Authors: Burlile Jessica F. , Cameron Joshua D. , Gunn Heather J. , Larson Nicole L. , Bradt Jennifer L. , Boughey Judy C. , Mrdutt Mary M. , Couch Fergus J. , Olson Janet E. , Cangie Valerie , Ehlers Shawna , Sharifzadeh Yasamin , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Shumway Dean A. , Loprinzi Charles L. , Cathcart-Rake Elizabeth J. 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE
Over 50% of households in the United States have at least one musician—many musicians are also breast cancer survivors. This group has not been well studied, and given the level of fine sensory-motor skill required for musicianship, we hypothesized that musicians experience unique manifestations of breast cancer treatment toxicities.

METHODS
A nine-item Musical Toxicity Questionnaire (MTQ) was distributed to patients who had consented to participate in the Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Registry. The MTQ screened participants by asking if they played a musical instrument or sang in the last 10 years: questions populated for those who answered yes. Respondents were asked if they noticed difficulty with their musical endeavor during or after breast cancer treatment, defined as acute musical toxicity (AMT). The questionnaire asked which side effect and cancer-directed therapy most influenced musical ability, what musical attributes were affected, and the timeline of resolution. Multivariable and classification tree analyses assessed relationships between AMT and treatment characteristics.

RESULTS
Of 1,871 survey respondents, 29% (535/1,871) self-identified as musicians. Over a quarter (27%, 144/535) reported AMT, and for 57% (82/144), AMT had not resolved at the time of survey. Of the treatments each participant received, chemotherapy was most often reported as most negatively impactful (63/89 who received chemotherapy, 71%). Decreased endurance was the most common musical difficulty (64% of those with AMT, 92/144), followed by decreased accuracy, trouble playing/singing quickly, and difficulty using proper technique. Multivariable and classification tree analyses revealed that receipt of chemotherapy was most strongly correlated with AMT.

CONCLUSION
These results will help oncology care teams counsel musicians, answer questions about impacts on musicality, and provide a timeline for resolution of musical symptoms.
Role of Pediatric Dentistry in Healthcare and Economy: A Global Perspective
Authors: Wyne Amjad 
Published: January 2025

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.11710
How to cite this: Wyne AH. Role of Pediatric Dentistry in Healthcare and Economy: A Global Perspective. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(2):347-348. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.11710
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Tracheal perforation and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to pseudomembranous invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis successfully managed with endotracheal tube manipulation
Authors: Shiraishi Kazushige , Lo Takkin 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Aspergillus is a ubiquitous fungus causing various pulmonary diseases depending on the host’s immune status. Aspergillus tracheobronchitis, a rare form of invasive aspergillosis, primarily affects severely immunocompromised or critically ill patients. We present the first known case of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis complicated by tracheal perforation and subcutaneous emphysema successfully treated with conservative endotracheal tube manipulation. Case description: A 64-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with generalized weakness and abdominal discomfort, later diagnosed with a perforated cecum requiring right colectomy. His postoperative course in the intensive care unit was complicated by septic shock, acute kidney injury, and failed extubation due to airway compromise. Seven days after the failed extubation, he developed subcutaneous emphysema in the neck. Chest computed tomography scan showed neck, left chest wall, and mediastinal emphysema. Bronchoscopy identified a focal black necrotic lesion on the left proximal tracheal wall and multiple small mucosal ulcerations throughout the proximal to distal trachea. The endotracheal tube was advanced beyond proximal tracheal necrotic lesion. Subcutaneous emphysema reduced overnight, suggesting that the lesion was the source of the air leak. Bronchial washings confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus, establishing a diagnosis of invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis. Treatment with voriconazole prevented further expansion of emphysema, which gradually resolved. Conclusion: Subcutaneous emphysema in ventilated patients with tracheobronchitis is a rare and challenging complication. This case demonstrates successful management through endotracheal tube manipulation to tamponade the lesion, highlighting subcutaneous emphysema as a potential manifestation of Aspergillus tracheobronchitis and offering a minimally invasive treatment approach.
Seminar "Create A Great Leader and Master Communication" As an Effort to Improve Student Communication Skills in The Digital Era
Authors: Iswadi Iswadi , Iriansyah Herinto Sidik , Anom Erman 
Published: January 2025

Background: Communication is an ability that has a significant impact on students. Training for this activity must always be carried out.
Contribution: The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of seminar activities to improve students' abilities and skills in conducting open and effective communication patterns in the digital era that is currently taking place.
Method: The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques carried out include observation, interviews, and documentation studies.
Result: Based on data that has been collected, the seminar that has been done is known to have a positive impact and helps students have high enthusiasm to learn about effective communication and tips for maintaining communication ethics in the digital age.
Conclusion: In addition, with the material presented, students can understand the urgency of the formation of communication skills to improve the image, confidence, as well as the responsibilities they have in the future.
Impact of high body mass index on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic liver disease: A population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Moonho , Jun Baek Gyu , Shin Hwang Sik , Yi Jee-Jeon , Kim Sang Gyune , Yi Sang-Wook 
Published: January 2025

Background and aims
We investigated associations between body mass index (BMI) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B (HBV) C (HCV) virus infection, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cirrhosis (LC).

Methods
We followed 350,608 Korean patients with liver disease who underwent routine health examinations from 2003–2006 until December 2018 via national hospital discharge records. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) per 5-kg/m2 BMI increase (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) for HCC risk were calculated using Cox models. HCC developed in 17,752 patients.

Results
The HRs (95% CI) were 1.17 (1.06–1.28), 1.08 (0.87–1.34), 1.34 (1.14–1.58), 1.51 (1.17–1.94), and 1.11 (1.00–1.23) for HBV, HCV, ALD, NAFLD, and LC, respectively. The HRs for HBV were 1.45 (1.23–1.70) and 1.06 (0.95–1.19) in women and men, respectively; the corresponding HRs for LC were 1.27 (1.07–1.50) and 1.02 (0.90–1.16), respectively. In patients <65 years old with HBV, HCV, and NAFLD, the HRs were 1.17 (1.07–1.29), 1.33 (1.03–1.73), and 1.20 (0.87–1.64), respectively; the corresponding HRs were 1.05 (0.70–1.59), 0.74 (0.50–1.10), and 2.40 (1.62–3.54), respectively, in patients ≥65 years old. A BMI of 27.5–29.9 kg/m2 showed significantly higher HCC risks in patients with HBV, ALD, NAFLD, and LC.

Conclusions
Higher BMIs were associated with increased HCC risks in patients with HBV, ALD, NAFLD, and LC. Overweight status increased HCC risk. Women with HBV and LC had stronger BMI-HCC associations than men. The effect of high BMI was stronger in older patients with NAFLD and younger patients with viral hepatitis.
Actitudes sobre la gestación subrogada en alumnas de Trabajo Social en México
Authors: Rodríguez Otero Luis Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Introducción. La subrogación es el proceso por el cual una mujer gesta un feto con material genético de otras personas y establece un contrato, mediante el que cede la filiación a uno tercero/s. Los estados de Sinaloa y Tabasco son los únicos territorios mexicanos en los que la subrogación es legal. Asimismo, el contexto mexicano se identifica como uno de los principales mercados transfronterizos de turismo reproductivo. En el cual operan diferentes clínicas y agencias en las que laboran trabajadores/as sociales. En este sentido, se abordó una investigación con el objetivo de analizar las actitudes y las representaciones sociales sobre la gestación subrogada en alumnas de Trabajo Social de Sinaloa (México). Metodología. Se abordó una investigación mixta con un diseño anidado concurrente. Se seleccionó una muestra de 454 alumnas de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, a través de un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se aplicó un cuestionario anónimo autoadministrado que incluía la escala de actitud de la población femenina hacia la subrogacía y dos preguntas abiertas relativas al concepto y la opinión sobre la gestación subrogada. Se abordó un análisis de tipo descriptivo de medidas de tendencia central y un análisis de contenido a través de un proceso de categorización emergente. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que las actitudes de las alumnas hacia ser o utilizar a una madre subrogada fueron medias (M=2.62). Asimismo, las actitudes negativas hacia la subrogacía (M=3.61) fueron superiores a las positivas (M=3.07). Por otro lado, se advirtió que el imaginario social sobre las madres sustitutas se construye a partir de las categorías de familia, las acciones con las que se vincula y las características de las gestantes. Discusión. Al igual que en otras investigaciones se ha corroborado que las dinámicas que se producen en torno a la familia están condicionadas por cuestiones tanto legislativas como socioculturales. Asimismo, se ha constatado que el componente afectivo y el imaginario social influyen en las actitudes de los sujetos hacia la subrogación. Conclusión. Con base a los resultados obtenidos se constata que los posicionamientos a favor de la subrogación del alumnado se establecen a partir de las categorías del altruismo, el derecho y la tecnificación de la reproducción. Mientras que los discursos en contra se configuran mediante cuestiones relacionadas con el neoliberalismo, el patriarcado, la psicología y el derecho. En este sentido, se considera importante promover acciones formativas específicas sobre la gestación subrogada en los planes formativo de Trabajo Social en Sinaloa (México) a partir de la visión crítica feminista.
Inclusive Japanese Language Use In Support Of Gender Equality
Authors: Satriatama Prasetya Eghy 
Published: January 2025

Gender-differentiated language use in Japanese stems from traditions and social norms that have developed over time. However, usage of gender-neutral Japanese is still not very popular in Japan. This article aims to provide an insight into gendered language use, particularly gender-based language use. The method used to write this article is a qualitative approach with an analytical descriptive method. The data is then collected through literature study. Also, the data sources used in this study are books, journals, articles and online news related to the uses of neutral Japanese in Japanese society. In this article, the author analyzes the data obtained from the book "Queer Japanese: Gender and Sexual Identities through Linguistic Practices" by Hideko Abe published in 2010 and “Japanese Language and Gender: An Introduction" by Kadek Eva Krishna Adnyani published in 2019. Based on these two books, it can be concluded that the use of gender-neutral language in Japanese is crucial in creating gender equality and inclusivity for all individuals regardless of their gender. However, language change is not the only solution to creating gender equality. There needs to be a broader effort in changing mindsets and social norms that are not inclusive and respectful of gender diversity.
Diagnosis of hemogobinopathies in the clinical laboratory: an occult Hofu hemoglobin on HPLC
Authors: Urroz Maitane Echeverría , Delgado Ana Isabel López , Conejero Raquel Oliveros , Nistal David Álvarez 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Hemoglobinopathies are disorders affecting the structure, function and/or production of hemoglobin. These conditions are caused by mutations in the genes encoding globin synthesis. The highly variable clinical manifestations of hemoglobin disorders range from asymptomatic forms to severe anemia. Laboratory tests are crucial for diagnosis.

Case presentation
We report the case of a patient who presented with asthenia. Since the patient had a family history of hemoglobonipathies, screening for erythropathies was performed. High-resolution liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed a normal distribution of hemoglobin levels. In contrast, capillary zone electrophoresis at alkaline pH demonstrated an unidentified rapid migration peak. Genetic testing revealed a mutation in the HBB gene causing Hofu hemoglobin disease.

Conclusions
The hemoglobin variant Hofu is slightly unstable. While heterozygous carriers most frequently remain asymptomatic, they may develop anemia in the presence of other concomitant disorders. Distinctively, the retention time of Hb Hofu on HPLC is very close to that of HbA (0) and they often elute together. Therefore, Hb Hofu may remain masked, thereby leading to the misinterpretation of test results.
Carambola fruit fly in Brazil: new host and first record of associated parasitoids
Authors: Costa José Victor Torres Alves , de Sousa Maria do Socorro Miranda , de Souza-Filho Miguel Francisco , Murbach Caio Gianfrancesco , Oliveira Jessica Paula Monteiro , dos Santos Tatiana Pereira , Matos Alain Khristian Borges Teixeira , Edson Nava Dori , Adaime Ricardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae), the Carambola fruit fly, is an invasive species in South America. This work aims to confirm the expansion of the host range of B. carambolae and report the occurrence of its parasitism in Brazil. The study was carried out in the Jari Valley region, Pará, Brazil. Two types of sampling of Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) were carried out: one with grouped fruits to verify if they were infested by B. carambolae (Sites A, B, C) and the other with individualized fruits to investigate parasitism (Site C). Morphological analysis was done to confirm parasitism, based mainly on the cephalopharyngeal skeleton embedded in the opercula of the puparia. From the sampling with grouped T. catappa fruit, 2,841 fruit fly puparia were obtained, from which 480 B. carambolae specimens and 1,228 specimens of Anastrepha spp. Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) emerged. Site C was the one with the highest fruit fly infestation of T. catappa fruits. We conclude that T. catappa is a moderately good host at Site A and a good host at Sites B and C. From the samplings with individualized fruits of T. catappa, an adjusted parasitism index of 21.2 % was obtained for Anastrepha spp. and 1.8 % for B. carambolae, confirming the presence of the parasitoids Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae). The native parasitoids D. areolatus, U. anastrephae, and A. pelleranoi were reported for the first time parasitizing B. carambolae larvae in Brazil.