bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and characterization of a novel miniaturized filamentous phagemid for targeted mammalian gene transfer
Authors: Wong Shirley , Jimenez Salma , Slavcev Roderick A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
As simplistic proteinaceous carriers of genetic material, phages offer great potential as targeted vectors for mammalian transgene delivery. The filamentous phage M13 is a single-stranded DNA phage with attractive characteristics for gene delivery, including a theoretically unlimited DNA carrying capacity, amenability to tropism modification via phage display, and a well-characterized genome that is easy to genetically modify. The bacterial backbone in gene transfer plasmids consists of elements only necessary for amplification in prokaryotes, and, as such, are superfluous in the mammalian cell. These problematic elements include antibiotic resistance genes, which can disseminate antibiotic resistance, and CpG motifs, which are inflammatory in animals and can lead to transgene silencing.

Results
Here, we examined how M13-based phagemids could be improved for transgene delivery by removing the bacterial backbone. A transgene cassette was flanked by isolated initiation and termination elements from the phage origin of replication. Phage proteins provided in trans by a helper would replicate only the cassette, without any bacterial backbone. The rescue efficiency of “miniphagemids” from these split origins was equal to, if not greater than, isogenic “full phagemids” arising from intact origins. The type of cassette encoded by the miniphagemid as well as the choice of host strain constrained the efficiency of phagemid rescue.

Conclusions
The use of two separated domains of the f1 ori improves upon a single wildtype origin while still resulting in high titres of miniphagemid gene transfer vectors. Highly pure lysates of miniaturized phagemids could be rapidly obtained in a straightforward procedure without additional downstream processing.
Machine learning algorithms for diagnosis of hip bone osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis study
Authors: Rahim Fakher , Zaki Zadeh Amin , Javanmardi Pouya , Emmanuel Komolafe Temitope , Khalafi Mohammad , Arjomandi Ali , Ghofrani Haniye Alsadat , Shirbandi Kiarash 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis is a significant health problem in the skeletal system, associated with bone tissue changes and its strength. Machine Learning (ML), on the other hand, has been accompanied by improvements in recent years and has been in the spotlight. This study is designed to investigate the Diagnostic Test Accuracy (DTA) of ML to detect osteoporosis through the hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images.

Methods
The ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, CINAHL, Science Direct, PROSPERO, and EMBASE were systematically searched until June 2023 for studies that tested the diagnostic precision of ML model-assisted for predicting an osteoporosis diagnosis.

Results
The pooled sensitivity of univariate analysis of seven studies was 0.844 (95% CI 0.791 to 0.885, I2 = 94% for 7 studies). The pooled specificity of univariate analysis was 0.781 (95% CI 0.732 to 0.824, I2 = 98% for 7 studies). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 18.91 (95% CI 14.22 to 25.14, I2 = 93% for 7 studies). The pooled mean positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and the negative likelihood ratio (LR−) were 3.7 and 0.22, respectively. Also, the summary receiver operating characteristics (sROC) of the bivariate model has an AUC of 0.878.

Conclusion
Osteoporosis can be diagnosed by ML with acceptable accuracy, and hip fracture prediction was improved via training in an Architecture Learning Network (ALN).
Prognosis and local treatment strategies of breast cancer patients with different numbers of micrometastatic lymph nodes
Authors: Luo Shiping , Fu Wenfen , Lin Jingyi , Zhang Jie , Song Chuangui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Lymph node micrometastasis is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer, but patients with different numbers of involved lymph nodes are all divided into the same N1mi stage without distinction. We designed this study to compare the prognosis and local treatment recommendations of N1mi breast cancer patients with different numbers of micrometastatic lymph nodes.

Patients and methods
A total of 27,032 breast cancer patients with T1-2N1miM0 stage from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004–2019) who underwent breast surgery were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups for prognosis comparison according to the number of micrometastatic lymph nodes: N1mi with 1 (Nmi = 1), 2 (Nmi = 2), or more (Nmi ≥ 3) involved lymph nodes. We explored the characteristics and survival outcomes of the population receiving different local treatments, including different axillary surgery types and whether receiving radiotherapy or not. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to compare the overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in different groups. Stratified analyses and interaction analyses were also applied to explore the predictive significance of different involved lymph nodes numbers. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was utilized to balance the differences between groups.

Results
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that nodal status was an independent prognostic factor. After adjustment for other prognostic factors, there was a significant difference in prognosis between Nmi = 1 group and Nmi = 2 group [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.145, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.047–1.251, P = 0.003], and patients with Nmi ≥ 3 group had a significantly poorer prognosis (adjusted HR 1.679, 95% CI 1.589–2.407; P < 0.001). The proportion of N1mi patients only underwent sentinel lymph nodes biopsy (SLNB) gradually increased from 2010 (Ptrend < 0.001). After adjusting for other factors, N1mi patients who underwent axillary lymph nodes dissection (ALND) was associated with significant survival benefit than SLNB (adjusted HR 0.932, 95%CI 0.874–0.994; P = 0.033), the same goes for receiving radiotherapy (adjusted HR 1.107, 95%CI 1.030–1.190; P = 0.006). Further stratified analysis showed that in the SLNB subgroup, radiotherapy was associated with a significant survival benefit (HR 1.695, 95%CI 1.534–1.874; P < 0.001), whereas in the ALND subgroup, there was no significant prognostic difference with or without radiotherapy (HR 1.029, 95%CI 0.933–1.136; P = 0.564).

Conclusion
Our study indicates that the increasing number of lymph node micrometastases was associated a worse prognosis of N1mi breast cancer patients. In addition, ALND does provide a significant survival benefit for these patients, while the benefit from local radiotherapy may be of even greater importance.
Research on the interaction of astragaloside IV and calycosin in Astragalus membranaceus with HMGB1
Authors: Ye Junyi , Huang Yong , Jiang Xuewa , Shen Pingping , Zhang Chaofeng , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a lethal late inflammatory mediator, contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory and infectious diseases. Astragaloside IV and calycosin as active ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus, possess potent regulatory ability on HMGB1-induced inflammation, however, the interaction between these two phytochemicals and HMGB1 has not been elucidated yet.

Methods
To further investigate the interaction of astragaloside IV, calycosin with HMGB1 protein, surface plasma resonance (SPR) and a series of spectroscopic methods, including UV spectra, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), were used. Molecular docking was also carried out to predict the atomic level’s binding modes between two components and HMGB1.

Results
Astragaloside IV and calycosin were found to be able to bind HMGB1 directly and affect the secondary structure and environment of the chromogenic amino acids of HMGB1 to different extents. In silico, astragaloside IV and calycosin showed a synergistic effect by binding to the two independent domains B-box and A-box in HMGB1, respectively, where hydrogen and hydrophobicity bonds were regarded as the crucial forces.

Conclusion
These findings showed that the interaction of astragaloside IV and calycosin with HMGB1 impaired its proinflammatory cytokines function, providing a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of A. membranaceus in treating aseptic and infectious diseases.
Evaluation of Proenkephalin A 119–159 for liberation from renal replacement therapy: an external, multicenter pilot study in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: von Groote Thilo , Albert Felix , Meersch Melanie , Koch Raphael , Gerss Joachim , Arlt Birte , Sadjadi Mahan , Porschen Christian , Pickkers Peter , Zarbock Alexander ,   the RICH investigators
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Recent evidence suggests an association of plasma Proenkephalin A 119–159 (penKid) with early and successful liberation from continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. However, these exploratory results are derived from a monocentric trial and therefore require external validation in a multicenter cohort.

Methods
Data and plasma samples from the “Effect of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation versus Systemic Heparin Anticoagulation During Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy on Dialysis Filter Life Span and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury—A Randomized Clinical Trial” (RICH Trial) were used for this validation study. PenKid was measured in all plasma samples available at CRRT initiation and at day 3 of CRRT. Patients were categorized into low and high penKid groups with a cutoff at 100 pmol/l. Competing-risk time-to-event analyses were performed. Competing risk endpoints were successful and unsuccessful liberation from CRRT, the latter meaning death or initiation of a new RRT within one week of discontinuation of primary CRRT. Then penKid was compared to urinary output.

Results
Low pre-CRRT penKid levels at CRRT initiation were not associated with early and successful liberation from CRRT compared to patients with high pre-CRRT penKid levels [subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) 1.01, 95% CI 0.73–1.40, p = 0.945]. However, the landmark analysis on day 3 of ongoing CRRT demonstrated an association between low penKid levels and successful liberation from CRRT (sHR 2.35, 95% CI 1.45–3.81, p < 0.001) and an association between high penKid levels and unsuccessful liberation (sHR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.80, p = 0.007). High daily urinary output (> 436 ml/d) was even stronger associated with successful liberation (sHR 2.91, 95% CI 1.80–4.73, p < 0.001) compared to penKid.

Discussion
This study suggests that penKid may be a competent biomarker to monitor the recovery of kidney function during CRRT. This is in line with previous findings and investigated this concept in a multicenter cohort. Again, low penKid was associated with early and successful CRRT liberation, but was outperformed by high daily urinary output. The findings of this study now warrant further evaluation in prospective studies or a randomized controlled trial.
Trial registration The RICH Trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02669589. Registered 01 February 2016.
Extremely elevated creatine kinase associated with rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury in a patient with Huntington’s disease: a case report
Authors: Kozik Isabelle , Wikerd Zachary 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury is a serious condition that can progress to acute renal failure if not promptly identified and treated. Rhabdomyolysis occurs when serum creatine kinase levels approach > 1000 U/L (five times the normal upper limit). The chance of acute kidney injury increases as the levels of creatine kinase increase. Although Huntington’s disease is associated with muscle atrophy, elevated baseline creatine kinase levels in these patients have not been routinely reported.

Case presentation
A 31-year-old African American patient presented to the emergency department after he was found unconscious from a fall attributed to the progression of his Huntington’s disease. On admission, he had an extremely high creatine kinase level of 114,400 U/L and was treated with fluids, electrolyte balance, and dialysis. However, his condition progressed to acute renal failure and he later developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, requiring transfer to the intensive care unit with placement on continuous renal replacement therapy. Eventually, his kidney function recovered and he was discharged home with 24/7 care by his family for persistent impairments related to his Huntington’s disease.

Conclusions
This case report underscores the importance of promptly recognizing elevated creatine kinase levels in patients with Huntington’s disease due to the risk of developing rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. If not aggressively treated, the condition of these patients is likely to progress to renal failure. Anticipating the progression of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury is paramount to improving clinical outcomes. Additionally, this case identifies a potential link between the patient’s Huntington’s disease and his abnormally elevated creatine kinase, a finding not described in the literature of rhabdomyolysis-induced kidney injuries to date and an important consideration for future patients with similar comorbidities.
Barycentric Lagrange interpolation method for solving Love’s integral equations
Authors: Shoukralla E. S. , Ahmed B. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new simple method for solving two integral equations of Love’s type that have many applications, especially in electrostatic systems. The approach of the solution is based on an innovative technique using matrix algebra for the barycentric Lagrange interpolation. The unknown function is expressed through the product of four matrices. The kernel is interpolated twice, so we get it in the product of five matrices. Additionally, we derive an equivalent linear algebraic system to the solution by substituting the matrix-vector barycentric interpolated unknown function together with the double interpolated kernel into both sides of the integral equation. Thus, there was no need to employ the collocation method. The obtained results converge strongly with the approximate analytical solutions, in addition to being uniformly approximated, continuous, and even, which proves the validity of the solution by the presented method.
Therapeutic treatments for diabetes mellitus-induced liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Bae Chun-Sik , Lee Youngchan , Ahn Taeho 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that affects all systems in the body, including the liver. Numerous studies have reported that chronic DM etiology and pathogenesis complications implicate oxidative stress, generating reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions and free radicals. In addition, pro-inflammatory reactions are also underlying functions closely related to oxidative stress that further exacerbate pathological DM states. The liver is especially susceptible to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and the related inflammation. Thus, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation therapies are promising strategies for treating liver damage. This review summarizes therapeutic treatments attenuating the generation of oxidative stress and pro-inflammation, which also cause DM-induced liver injury. Although the treatments have several impediments to be solved, these remedies may have clinically important implications under the absence of effective drugs for the damaged liver in DM patients.
Green lithium: photoelectrochemical extraction
Authors: Li Zhongxiao , Li Zhen , Huang Hao , Yao Yunduo , Khan Bilawal , Zhu Ye , Huang Kuo-Wei , Lai Zhiping , He Jr-Hau 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLithium (Li) is an essential element in modern energy production and storage devices. Technology to extract Li from seawater, which contains ~ 230 billion tons of Li, offers a solution to the widespread concern regarding quantitative and geographical limitations of future Li supplies. To obtain green Li from seawater, we propose an unassisted photoelectrochemical (PEC) Li extraction system based on an III-V-based triple-junction (3J) photoelectrode and a Li-ion selective membrane with only sunlight as an input. A light-harvesting/catalysis decoupling scheme yielded a 3J photoelectrode with excellent light-harvesting and catalysis reaction capabilities and superb stability over the 840 h of the extraction process. It allows the system to successfully enrich seawater Li by 4,350 times (i.e., from 0.18 ppm to 783.56 ppm) after three extraction stages. The overall reaction of the unassisted PEC green Li extraction system achieved 2.08 mg kJ−1 of solar-to-Li efficiency and 3.65% of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.
Graphical Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) lithium extraction device is designed to explore lithium from seawater for the first time. The PEC cell with a triple-junction (InGaP/GaAs/Ge) photoelectrode and light-harvesting/catalysis decoupling scheme is constructed, offering a suitable operating potential and superb stability to the membrane-based extraction process in the seawater. The device can successfully enrich lithium by 4,350 times (from 0.18 to 783.56 ppm).
Automated Matching of Patients to Clinical Trials: A Patient-Centric Natural Language Processing Approach for Pediatric Leukemia
Authors: Kaskovich Samuel , Wyatt Kirk D. , Oliwa Tomasz , Graglia Luca , Furner Brian , Lee Jooho , Mayampurath Anoop , Volchenboum Samuel L. 
Published: July 2023

PURPOSEMatching patients to clinical trials is cumbersome and costly. Attempts have been made to automate the matching process; however, most have used a trial-centric approach, which focuses on a single trial. In this study, we developed a patient-centric matching tool that matches patient-specific demographic and clinical information with free-text clinical trial inclusion and exclusion criteria extracted using natural language processing to return a list of relevant clinical trials ordered by the patient's likelihood of eligibility.MATERIALS AND METHODSRecords from pediatric leukemia clinical trials were downloaded from ClinicalTrials.gov. Regular expressions were used to discretize and extract individual trial criteria. A multilabel support vector machine (SVM) was trained to classify sentence embeddings of criteria into relevant clinical categories. Labeled criteria were parsed using regular expressions to extract numbers, comparators, and relationships. In the validation phase, a patient-trial match score was generated for each trial and returned in the form of a ranked list for each patient.RESULTSIn total, 5,251 discretized criteria were extracted from 216 protocols. The most frequent criterion was previous chemotherapy/biologics (17%). The multilabel SVM demonstrated a pooled accuracy of 75%. The text processing pipeline was able to automatically extract 68% of eligibility criteria rules, as compared with 80% in a manual version of the tool. Automated matching was accomplished in approximately 4 seconds, as compared with several hours using manual derivation.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this project represents the first open-source attempt to generate a patient-centric clinical trial matching tool. The tool demonstrated acceptable performance when compared with a manual version, and it has potential to save time and money when matching patients to trials.
Lateral Transorbital Endoscope-Assisted Approach to the Cavernous Sinus
Authors: Bander Evan D. , Carnevale Joseph A. , Tosi Umberto , Godfrey Kyle J. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Surgical access to the cavernous sinus (CS) poses a unique challenge to the neurosurgeon given the concentration of delicate structures in the confines of a very small anatomic space. The lateral transorbital approach (LTOA) is a minimally invasive, keyhole approach that can provide direct access to the lateral CS.

METHODS:
A retrospective review of CS lesions treated by a LTOA at a single institution was performed between 2020 and 2023. Patient indications, surgical outcomes, and complications are described.

RESULTS:
Six patients underwent a LTOA for a variety of pathologies including a dermoid cyst, schwannoma, prolactinoma, craniopharyngioma, and solitary fibrous tumor. The goals of surgery (ie, drainage of cyst, debulking, and pathological diagnosis) were achieved in all cases. The mean extent of resection was 64.6% (±34%). Half of the patients with preoperative cranial neuropathies (n = 4) improved postoperatively. There were no new permanent cranial neuropathies. One patient had a vascular injury repaired endovascularly with no neurological deficits.

CONCLUSION:
The LTOA provides a minimal access corridor to the lateral CS. Careful case selection and reasonable goals of surgery are critical to successful outcome.
Change in macular thickness after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery using optical coherence tomography in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dad Mehboob , Tahir Muhammad Ali , Cheema Alyscia , Nawaz Hina Nasreen 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To determine the change in macular thickness after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery using optical coherence tomography in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi, for 6 months from 10th Dec 2019 to 10th June 2020. Sample size calculation of 52 eyes was done by using open epi software. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria that is age ranging from 50 to 75 years, either gender with senile cataract having no preexisting ocular or systemic disease and those giving consent were included in this study. Patients with any comorbidity ocular trauma, having pre-existing ocular diseases such as active ocular infection, glaucoma, maculopathy or retinopathy were excluded from study. Patients with secondary cataract also excluded from study. After complete history, all patients underwent detailed ophthalmologic examination and Pre-surgery macular thickness recorded by using swept source OCT (DRI-OCT-2 Triton; Topcon). Surgery was performed and intraocular lens was implanted in all cases. Post procedure Macular thickness was measured using swept source OCT at 1st postoperative day, 1st month and 6th month after surgery.
Results: The mean age of patients was 62.06 ± 5.1 years. Total of 52 eyes diagnosed with senile cataract were included in this study. There were 30 (57.7%) males and 22(42.3%) females. The mean preoperative central foveal thickness was 201.3±24.8μm. The postoperative central foveal thickness was 200.3±25.2μm (153–265μm) at day 1st of surgery, 224.1 ± 53.8 μm (151–458 μm) at 1st month and 212.4±28.3μm (167–255μm) 6th month after surgery. The mean preoperative BCVA was 0.70 ± 0.43 (0.1–1.7) logMAR. The postoperative mean BCVA was 0.26 ± 0.42 (0.00–3.10) logMAR at 1st day, 0.07± 0.10 (0.000.7) logMAR at 1st month and 0.05 ± 0.10 (0.00–0.3) logMAR at 6th month.
Conclusion: In our study we found an increase in macular thickness but there was no loss of BCVA from changes of macular thickness after surgery and the mean BCVA increased progressively in postoperative period.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.4775
How to cite this: Dad M, Tahir MA, Cheema A, Nawaz HN. Change in macular thickness after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery using optical coherence tomography in a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.4775
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.