bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic basis of resistance to RL male 1 induced by immunoselected Thy-1.2 negative variants.
Authors: Buxbaum J N , Basch R S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Variant cell lines that have lost the Thy-1 antigen have a reduced capacity to induce tumors in syngeneic recipients when compared to Thy-1 positive clones. The negative variants are cloned, cultured cells obtained from the Thy-1.2(theta) positive BALB/c lymphoma RL male 1 in a single-step immunoselection procedure. The reduction appears to be related to an alteration in the host response to the tumor, since both the variant and parental cells induce tumors equally well in irradiated mice. Males are much more susceptible to the inoculated tumor cells, suggesting that the relevant response is restricted to females. A majority of female animals that survive challenge with the variant do not allow growth of the parental tumor when they are injected with a quantity of cells that is uniformly fatal in untreated recipients. Most of the surviving females have an antibody in their sera that is cytotoxic for the variant, its parent, and normal thymocytes. None of the few surviving males had significant titers of the antibody. Cell-mediated immunity directed toward the positive and negative tumor cells was demonstrable in half the surviving animals of both sexes.
Age-dependency of lymphocyte ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity.
Authors: Boss G R , Thompson L F , Spiegelberg H L , Pichler W J , Seegmiller J E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The activity of lymphocyte ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'-NT) decreases with advancing age, T lymphocyte ecto-5'-NT activity begins to fall after the age of 40 and subjects in the 41 to 50, 51 to 60, 61 to 75, and 75 to 85 age ranges of life have 57, 52, 38, and 19%, respectively, of the T lymphocyte ecto-5'-NT activity of subjects under the age of 40. TG cells (suppressor cells) have 39% of the ecto-5'-NT activity of Tnon-G cells (helper cells) but the increase in numbers of TG cells that occurs with age explains only about 14% of the age-related fall in T lymphocyte ecto-5'-NT activity. B lymphocyte ecto-5'-NT activity remains stable until age 60 and subjects over 60 years of age have 42% of the B lymphocyte ecto-5'-NT activity of subjects under age 60.
Membrane structure-function relationships in cell-mediated cytolysis. I. Effect of exogenously incorporated fatty acids on effector cell function in cell-mediated cytolysis.
Authors: Gill R , Clark W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the membrane phospholipids of CTL memory cells restimulated with Con A can be altered significantly when selected exogenous fatty acids are present during the restimulation culture period. Such alterations also lead to significant changes in the subsequent cytolytic capacity of the regenerated CTL. Unsaturated fatty acids increase cytotoxicity, whereas saturated fatty acids lead to decreased cytotoxic function. The kinetics of the fatty acid effect on CTL function is the same as the kinetics of fatty acid incorporation into membrane phospholipids, suggesting that alteration of cytotoxicity results from altering membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition. The initial studies reported here suggest that this effect is mediated at the level of individual CTL, rather than through an alteration of CTL frequency in effector cell populations. Moreover, it seems unlikely that the fatty acids mediate their effect by altering membrane fluidity.
Larger oligomers of IgE are more effective than dimers in stimulating rat basophilic leukemia cells.
Authors: Fewtrell C , Metzger H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relative activity of rat IgE oligomers in eliciting secretion from mast cells and tumor basophils was examined using stable oligomers prepared by cross-linking IgE with dimethyl suberimidate. Oligomers were tested in vivo using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and in vitro by measuring their capacity to induce histamine release from normal rat mast cells and [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine release from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. The PCA results confirmed previous work that showed no large differences in the activity of dimers, trimers, and higher oligomers of IgE. The same was also true with normal rat mast cells; however, the RBL cells sharply discriminated between the variously sized oligomers. The stimulatory activity of all oligomers on the RBL cells was enhanced by D2O. The findings imply that the manner by which the clustering of the receptors for IgE leads to generation of signals in RBL cells involves a mechanism capable of discriminating between a variety of polymeric states of the receptors. In addition, our results suggest that no more than a few hundred trimers or an even smaller number of higher oligomers are capable of inducing a considerable amount of secretion from these cells.
Suppressive activity of splenic adherent cells from Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice.
Authors: Corrêa M , Narayanan P R , Miller H C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immune response of splenic cells to SRBC and LPS or Con A mitogens is suppressed in P. chabaudi-infected mice. When mixed with cells from normal donors, spleen cells from infected mice also suppressed anti-SRBC and mitogenic responses. Suppression was not detected in lymph node cells, bone marrow, or thymocytes from infected mice. Removal of infected red cells had no effect on suppression. The cell population responsible for the suppressive activity was adherent to plastic, resistant to irradiation and anti-Thy-1 plus complement treatment.
The induction of tolerance to DNFB contact sensitivity by using hapten-modified lymphoid cells. III. Effects of hapten concentration on the ability of MLS-disparate cells to induce rapid unresponsiveness.
Authors: Conlon P J , Miller S D , Claman H N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigated genetic restrictions in the induction of immediate tolerance to DNFB contact sensitivity in mice. Using spleen cells from various donor strains haptenated at 500 micro M DNFB, we were unable to detect any restrictions in tolerance induction in recipients that were either syngeneic or allogeneic to the donor strain. However, if the concentration of hapten used in the in vitro labeling was decreased (from 500 micro M to 2.5 to 5 micro M DNFB), differences in tolerogenesis between the various donor strain haplotypes were found. Haptenated spleen cells labeled with 5 micro M DNFB produced a profound level of unresponsiveness in allogeneic recipients but produced minimal tolerance in syngeneic animals. This tolerant state was shown to be antigen-specific and was not produced by unmodified allogeneic cells alone. Further genetic analysis demonstrated that an efficient tolerant state was produced when the donor of the tolerogen and recipient differed at the MLS locus rather than at either the MHC or minor regions. This phenomenon required viable, Thy 1-bearing cells in the haptenated donor population for efficient tolerogenesis to DNFB contact sensitivity.
Potentiation of the reaginic (IgE) antibody response to ovalbumin in the guinea pig with a soluble metabolic product from Ascaris suum.
Authors: Stromberg B E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A soluble antigen, the ACF antigen, obtained from cultures of larvae of Ascaris suum was able to potentiate the reaginic response to an unrelated antigen was administered at the same time or 4 days after ovalbumin, there was a weak primary response and a strong statistically significant secondary IgE response, compared with animals immunized only with ovalbumin. This potentiated response was not observed when the ACF antigen was presented 10 days before or 8 or 12 days after the ovalbumin.
Augmentation of macrophage complement receptor function in vitro. II. Characterization of the effects of a unique lymphokine upon the phagocytic capabilities of macrophages.
Authors: Griffin F M , Griffin J A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The means by which a unique lymphokine imparts to macrophages the capacity to ingest complement- (C) coated particles was explored. In contrast to other previously described lymphokines that influence macrophage behavior, the T cell product that enhances macrophage C receptor function was found to act immediately upon contact with macrophages and to be of substantially lower apparent m.w. than either MIF, MAF, lymphotoxin, or interferon. Evidence is presented that indicates that the lymphokine does not act by causing a generalized increase in plasma membrane phagocytic activity or by enhancing phagocytosis mediated by other immunologic receptors. Nor does the lymphokine act by inducing the synthesis of new protein receptors. Our findings suggest that the more likely possibilities by which the lymphokine acts include induction of an increased rate of insertion of C receptors into the macrophage plasma membrane, induction of a rearrangement of C receptors within the macrophage plasma membrane, or a qualitative alteration of the function of existing macrophage C receptors in their relationship with the intracellular machinery involved in phagocytosis.
In vitro synthesis of IgM rheumatoid factor by lymphocytes from healthy adults.
Authors: Koopman W J , Schrohenloher R E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from 22 healthy adults were tested for their capacity to produce IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) in vitro in the presence and absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). In no instance was spontaneous elaboration of IgM RF observed. However, stimulation of MNL with PWM resulted in the induction of IgM RF synthesis in 10 out of 22 individuals. The IgM RF in these culture fluids constituted only a small fraction of the total IgM (mean +/- 1 S.D. = 1.01 +/- 1.08%). The lack of correlation of IgM RF with total IgM in these culture fluids argued against nonspecific absorption of non-RF IgM on the IgG substrate utilized in the assay. Furthermore, fraction of supernatants containing IgM RF on Sephadex G-200 indicated the material to co-elute with polymeric IgM and to preferentially bind to Fc coated tubes as opposed to Fab or BSA-coated assay tubes. IgM RF production induced by PWM was dependent upon de novo protein synthesis and exhibited T cell dependence. The data indicate that B cells capable of synthesizing RF commonly occur in normal individuals but are not ordinarily activated.
Antigenic profile of murine natural killer cells.
Authors: Koo G C , Jacobson J B , Hammerling G J , Hammerling U 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have determined the antigenic profile of natural killer (NK) cells from C57BL/6 mice that have lytic activity to RLmale1 tumor cells, in a 5-hr 51Cr release assay. To perform the antigenic typing more effectively, we enriched the NK populations by using discontinous BSA density gradient and established a correlation between NK activity and NK-1 antigen in each layer. As NK activity and Nk-1 antigen are both criteria for measuring NK cells, we determined the antigenic profile of NK cells by monitoring both the change in NK activity and NK-1 cells, after elimination of cells with various antisera to lymphocytic alloantigens. We have found that all NK cells expressed Nk-1, Qa-4, and Qa-5 antigens; about 50% of NK cells expressed Thy-1 and Qa-2 antigens, and 25% of NK cells also expressed Lyt-1 antigen. NK cells did not express significant amounts of Qa-1, Qa-3, Lyt-2, and Lyb-2 antigens. Therefore, spontaneous NK cells are heterogeneous with regard to their surface antigens, some of which are T cell antigens. However, the present antigenic profile does not allow us to classify NK cells in the conventional T cells lineage.
Immunologic studies of aging. V. Impaired proliferation of PHA responsive human lymphocytes in culture.
Authors: Hefton J M , Darlington G J , Casazza B A , Weksler M E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The impaired response to mitogens of lymphocytes from old persons has been shown to result from the presence of fewer responsive cells and the failure of these cells to divide normally after stimulation. We present additional evidence that the successive divisions of mitogen-responsive lymphocytes from old people are impaired. We labeled sister chromatids with BrdU and identified cells that were dividing for the first, second, or third time in culture. This analysis showed that lymphocyte cultures from old people contained only one-half the number of lymphocytes dividing for a second time and less than one-quarter the number of cells dividing for a third time compared with lymphocyte cultures from young people. It was shown that these changes reflected an absolute decrease in the number of second and third generation cells in cultures from old persons. No alterations in the cytokinetics of proliferation by lymphocytes from old people were found. These results provide additional evidence that mitogen-responsive lymphocytes from healthy elderly people do not undergo as many divisions in cultures with PHA as do lymphocytes from young persons.
Immunoglobulin secretion by mouse X human hybridomas: an approach for the production of anti-idiotype reagents useful in monitoring patients with B cell lymphoma.
Authors: Brown S , Dilley J , Levy R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tumor cells were obtained from a patient with nodular lymphoma, a monoclonal B cell malignancy. These non-Ig-secreting lymphoma cells were hybridized to mouse myeloma cells. Hybridomas secreting human Ig were obtained in high frequency. One clone, which was a stable producer of human heavy and light chains, but which had lost production of mouse light chains, was chosen for study. It secreted a human IgM pentamer. The Ig produced by this clone was purified and used as an immunogen for the production of anti-idiotype antibodies. These antibodies recognized the specific cell surface Ig of the lymphoma cells and have been used to detect idiotype-bearing cells in the blood of the original patient, even at times when the disease was in clinical remission. Moreover, free idiotype could be detected in the patient's serum. Both the levels of Id+ cells and free idiotype correlated with disease activity, rising in relapse and falling in remission.
Role of T lymphocytes in the response to TNP-AECM-Ficoll.
Authors: Mond J J , Mongini P K , Sieckmann D , Paul W E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The T cell dependence of the in vivo and in vitro immune response to TNP-Ficoll was re-examined. It was found that after extensive T cell depletion, the in vitro response to TNP-Ficoll was significantly reduced and could be restored with T cells. Despite the apparent T cell dependence, TNP-Ficoll was able to elicit responses by congenitally athymic BALB/c mice in vivo and by spleen cells from these mice in vitro. The in vitro response of normal spleen cells to TNP-Brucella abortus was occasionally diminished as a result of T cell depletion but never as drastically as the response to TNP-Ficoll. This difference in requirement for T cell influence correlates well with our prior classification of these antigens into TI-1 and TI-2 categories.
Control of complement synthesis and secretion in bronchoalveolar and peritoneal macrophages.
Authors: Cole F S , Matthews W J , Marino J T , Gash D J , Colten H R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of inflammation on C (C2 and C4) biosynthesis by bronchoalveolar and peritoneal cells was studied with methods that detect changes in synthesis rates and qualitative changes in cell populations. Adherent bronchoalveolar macrophages produced less C2 and C4 than adherent peritoneal macrophages. However, the subset of cells capable of producing C was more than 20-fold greater in the peritoneal cell population than in the population of bronchoalveolar cells. The rate of synthesis per C producing bronchoalveolar macrophage was 5 to 10 times the rate by C producing peritoneal macrophages. In contrast, the effect of an inflammatory stimulus on C production was the result of a change in rate of synthesis per cell, not a change in the proportion of C producing cells. This stimulatory effect was exerted locally, not on a cell population harvested from a distant site. At least two mechanisms for local control of C levels in tissues have been identified--that is, a change in synthesis rate and a qualitative change in macrophage cell population. The capacity to alter C levels at a site of inflammation may be important for C dependent functions in host defenses.
Differential activation of primary and memory "B" lymphocytes.
Authors: Rennick D M , Morrow P R , Leung C Y , Scibienski R J , Benjamini E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunization of certain strains of mice with the tobacco mosaic virus protein (TMVP) elicits antibodies capable of binding with a decapeptide representing residues 103-112 of TMVP. However, immunization of mice with decapeptide conjugated to a variety of carriers failed to elicit antibodies to the decapeptide in spite of the fact that antibodies were induced to the carriers or to nonrelated peptides similarily conjugated to the carriers. In contrast to the conjugates inability to induce a primary anti-decapeptide response, the conjugates were able to elicit a secondary anti-decapeptide response. Thus, when irradiated mice were transplanted with syngeneic TMVP-primed B cells and carrier-primed T cells, secondary challenge with the decapeptide on the carrier elicited an excellent secondary anti-decapeptide response. Furthermore, the titer and specificity of the antibodies so induced were the same as that induced by secondary challenge with TMVP. These results suggest a difference between primary and memory B cells in their requirements for activation.
An in vitro line of the B cell tumor BCL1 can be activated by LPS to secrete IgM1.
Authors: Gronowicz E S , Doss C A , Howard F D , Morrison D C , Strober S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An in vitro line of the B cell tumor BCL1 was developed. The cell line carried u-, S-, and A-chains on the cell surface as judged by analysis of surface iodinated proteins but did not secret Ig. ASfter stimulation with LPS, limpid A, or bacterial lipoprotein, 20 to 40% of the tumor cells matured to IgM secretors when detected in a plaque assay. Two other polyclonal B cell activators, namely dextransulphate and PPD, had at most a marginal stimulatory effect. The ability of the cells to become activated to IgM secretion as well as the expression of cell surface IgM and IgD makes the BCL1 unique among murine B cell tumors.
Memory of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in normal seropostive adults as revealed by an in vitro restimulation method.
Authors: Tanaka Y , Sugamura K , Hinuma Y , Sato H , Okochi K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthy adults responded with proliferation when stimulated in vitro with lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) transformed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Proliferation was not dependent on EBV-serologic status of the PBL donors. After 4 times stimulation with the autologous LCL, viable cells recovered from the cultures consisted mainly of T cells in both EBV-seropositive and seronegative individuals. However, the effector functions of T cells from these 2 groups differed. The effector cells generated from PBL of the seropositive group were cytotoxic to autologous LCL cells, but those from the EBV-seronegative group showed little lysis against autologous LCL cells. These results indicate that the EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells (Tc) can be induced in vitro from seropositive but not seronegative individuals. On the other hand, EBV-nonspecific effector cells detected by K-562 target cell lysis were derived from cultures from both the seropositive and seronegative individuals, especially after the first and second stimulations. Lysis of K-562 targets decreased, however, after the third and fourth restimulation. In 56 effector-target combinations, EBV-specific Tc induced always lysed autologous LCL cells more effectively than allogeneic LCL cells. These data together with HLA-typing results suggested a possibility of the HLA-A or -B restriction of the EBV-specific Tc.
Regulatory role of IgE-binding factors from rat T lymphocytes. III. IgE-specific suppressive factor with IgE-binding activity.
Authors: Hirashima M , Yodoi J , Ishizaka K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Incubation with rat IgE of rat mesenteric lymph node cells obtained 8 days after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) resulted in the formation of soluble factors with affinity for IgE, i.e., IgE-binding factors(s). The factors were derived from T lymphocytes and were able to suppress an in vitro IgE response without affecting the IgG response. The minimum concentration of rat IgE for the induction of factor formation was 0.3 to 1.0 microgram/ml. Gel filtration of culture filtrates of the IgE-containing culture identified 2 components with IgE-binding activity; one component had a m.w. of between 10,000 and 20,000, and another component had a m.w. of between 25,000 and 50,000. Both factors could be purified by binding to IgE-Sepharose followed by elution at acid pH. Among the two IgE-binding factors, the lower m.w. component had the ability to suppress selectively the IgE response. In contrast to IgE-potentiating factor, which also had affinity for IgE, the IgE-suppressive factor failed to bind to lentil lectin Sepharose. Formation of IgE-specific suppressive factor was not limited to the lymphocytes obtained 8 days after Nb-infection. Incubation with IgE of lymphocytes obtained 4 wk after infection resulted in the formation of both IgE-specific suppressive factor and IgE-potentiating factor, and the activity of the suppressive factor was greater than that of the potentiating factor.
Immune suppression of hematopoiesis in aplastic anemia: activity of T-gamma lymphocytes.
Authors: Bacigalupo A , Podestà M , Mingari M C , Moretta L , Van Lint M T , Marmont A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In vitro colony formation (CFU-c) was studied in 7 patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in complete autologous hematologic reconstitution. Colony formation was depressed in all patients (less than 5% of normal). Further studies showed that 1) patients' colony formation could be enhanced by removing T cells from the marrow, but not by removing adherent cells (AC); 2) patients' marrow cells showed a marked CFU-c inhibition against normal allogeneic marrow; 3) CFU-c/suppression could be reduced by removing T cells from the patients' marrow before the co-culture experiments; 4) patients' marrow T cells showed significant CFU-c/inhibition against autologous as well as against allogeneic unrelated normal marrow cells; 5) irradiation with 1500 rads of T cells abrogated their suppressor activity; 6) the latter was found mainly in marrow T cells with IgG receptors (TG+ cells) as well as in the supernatant of marrow T cells cultured overnight; 7) TG+ cells derived from normal donors had no significant CFU-c/inhibitory activity against autologous or allogeneic marrow cells. Active myelosuppression would thus be detectable in patients with SAA in remission and would appear to be mediated by marrow T cells with IgG receptors.