bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Valsa canker resistance conferred by expression of MdLecRK-S.4.3 in Pyrus betulifolia is largely suppressed by PbePUB36
Authors: Sun E , Yu Hongqiang , Chen Zhongjian , Cai Minrui , Mao Xia , Li Yanyan , Zuo Cunwu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
L-type lectin receptor-like kinases (L-LecRKs) act as sensors of extracellular signals and as initiators for plant immune responses; however, the function of LecRK-S.4 in plant immunity has not yet been extensively investigated. In the present study we found that MdLecRK-S.4.3 in apple (Malus domestica), a homologous gene of LecRK-S.4, was differentially expressed during infection by Valsa mali and Valsa pyri. Overexpression of MdLecRK-S.4.3 facilitated the induction of immune responses and enhanced the resistance to Valsa canker of fruits of apple and pear (Pyrus betulifolia), and of suspension cells of pear ‘Duli-G03’. The expression of PbePUB36, a RLCK XI sub-family member, was significantly repressed in the MdLecRK-S.4.3-overexpressing cell lines. Overexpression of PbePUB36 interfered with the resistance to Valsa canker and the immune response caused by up-regulation of MdLecRK-S.4.3. In addition, we found that MdLecRK-S.4.3 interacted with BAK1 and/or PbePUB36 in vivo. Thus, whilst MdLecRK-S.4.3 activated various immune responses and positively regulated Valsa canker resistance, this could be largely compromised by PbePUB36. MdLecRK-S.4.3 interacted with PbePUB36 and/or MdBAK1 to mediate the immune responses. Our finding provides a basis for further examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to Valsa canker, and can contribute to resistance breeding.
The first X-ray look at SMSS J114447.77-430859.3: the most luminous quasar in the last 9 Gyr
Authors: Kammoun E S , Igo Z , Miller J M , Fabian A C , Reynolds M T , Merloni A , Barret D , Nardini E , Petrucci P O , Piconcelli E , Barnier S , Buchner J , Dwelly T , Grotova I , Krumpe M , Liu T , Nandra K , Rau A , Salvato M , Urrutia T , Wolf J 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
SMSS J114447.77-430859.3 (z = 0.83) has been identified in the SkyMapper Southern Survey as the most luminous quasar in the last $\sim 9\, \rm Gyr$ . In this paper, we report on the eROSITA/Spectrum–Roentgen–Gamma (SRG) observations of the source from the eROSITA All Sky Survey, along with presenting results from recent monitoring performed using Swift, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR. The source shows a clear variability by factors of ∼10 and ∼2.7 over time-scales of a year and of a few days, respectively. When fit with an absorbed power law plus high-energy cutoff, the X-ray spectra reveal a Γ = 2.2 ± 0.2 and $E_{\rm cut}=23^{+26}_{-5}\, \rm keV$ . Assuming Comptonization, we estimate a coronal optical depth and electron temperature of $\tau =2.5-5.3\, (5.2-8)$ and $kT=8-18\, (7.5-14)\, \rm keV$ , respectively, for a slab (spherical) geometry. The broadband SED is successfully modelled by assuming either a standard accretion disc illuminated by a central X-ray source, or a thin disc with a slim disc emissivity profile. The former model results in a black hole mass estimate of the order of $10^{10}\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ , slightly higher than prior optical estimates; meanwhile, the latter model suggests a lower mass. Both models suggest sub-Eddington accretion when assuming a spinning black hole, and a compact ($\sim 10\, r_{\rm g}$ ) X-ray corona. The measured intrinsic column density and the Eddington ratio strongly suggest the presence of an outflow driven by radiation pressure. This is also supported by variation of absorption by an order of magnitude over the period of $\sim 900 \ \rm d$ .
Swing amplification and theGaiaphase spirals
Authors: Widrow Lawrence M 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTWe explore the interplay between in-plane and vertical dynamics in stellar discs within the framework of the shearing box approximation. Julian and Toomre used the shearing sheet to show that leading density waves are amplified as they swing into trailing ones. We extend their formalism into the dimension perpendicular to the disc to obtain explicit solutions for the disc’s response to an impulsive, external excitation. An excitation that is symmetric about the mid-plane produces a density/breathing wave as well as two-armed phase spirals in the vertical phase space plane. On the other hand, an excitation that is antisymmetric about the mid-plane leads to a bending wave and single-armed phase spirals. In either case, self-gravity plays a crucial role in driving the evolution of the disturbance and determining the amplitude and pitch angle of the ensuing spirals. We also show that when the disc is excited by a co-rotating cloud, it develops stationary phase spirals in the wake of the cloud. The results call into question simple kinematic arguments that have been used to determine the age of the phase spirals seen in the Gaia survey.
A large bubble around the AGB star R Dor detected in the UV
Authors: Ortiz R , Guerrero M A 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Many asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and supergiant stars exhibit extended detached shells in the far-infrared, resembling rings or arcs. These structures have long been interpreted as the bow shock formed in the interface between the stellar wind and the interstellar medium (ISM), the astrosphere. To date, only a few AGB stars have been observed showing an extended shell in the ultraviolet (UV): the cometary tail drifting away from o Ceti, and a bubble around IRC+10216, CIT6, and U Hya. This paper describes a search of UV extended shells around AGB stars using archival Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) far-UV images. After inspecting visually 282 GALEX images, we identified the fourth discovery of a UV bubble around the AGB star R Dor. The bubble is seen as a 26 arcmin × 29 arcmin ring, corresponding to an actual diameter of 0.41 × 0.46 parsec2. The mass of the thin UV bubble is estimated to be ≃0.003 M⊙. The morphological asymmetry (less than ∼20 per cent) and brightness variations of this shell are uncorrelated with the stellar proper motion and thus they can rather be ascribed to inhomogeneities in the ISM. Archival Infrared Astronomical Satellite 60 and 100 μm images reveal that the bubble is filled with cold (i.e. ${\lesssim} 32$ K) dust. All UV bubbles known to date are limited to be within a distance ${\lesssim} 350$ pc and at high Galactic latitudes ($|b| \gtrsim 35^{\circ }$), which suggests that their detection is hampered in most cases by the strong UV interstellar extinction.
An investigation of the circumgalactic medium around
z ∼ 2.2 AGN with ACA and ALMA
Authors: Jones G C , Maiolino R , Carniani S , Circosta C , Fudamoto Y , Scholtz J 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
While observations of molecular gas at cosmic noon and beyond have focused on the gas within galaxies (i.e. the interstellar medium, ISM), it is also crucial to study the molecular gas reservoirs surrounding each galaxy (i.e. in the circumgalactic medium, CGM). Recent observations of galaxies and quasars hosts at high redshift (z &gt; 2) have revealed evidence for cold gaseous haloes of scale rCGM ∼ 10 kpc, with one discovery of a molecular halo with rCGM ∼ 200 kpc, and a molecular gas mass one order of magnitude larger than the ISM of the central galaxy. As a follow up, we present deep ACA and ALMA observations of CO(3–2) from this source and two other quasar host galaxies at z ∼ 2.2. While we find evidence for CO emission on scales of r ∼ 10 kpc, we do not find evidence for molecular gas on scales larger than r &gt; 20 kpc. Therefore, our deep data do not confirm the existence of massive molecular haloes on scales of ∼100 kpc for these X-ray selected quasars. As an interesting byproduct of our deep observations, we obtain the tentative detection of a negative continuum signal on scales larger than r &gt; 200 kpc, which might be tracing the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect associated with the halo heated by the active galactic nucleus (AGN). If confirmed with deeper data, this could be direct evidence of the preventive AGN feedback process expected by cosmological simulations.
Upper limits on transmitter rate of extragalactic civilizations placed by Breakthrough Listen observations
Authors: Uno Yuri , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Goto Tomotsugu , Ho Simon C-C , Hsu Tzu-Yin , Burns Ross 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) has been conducted for over 60 yr, yet no technosignatures have been identified. Previous studies have focused on stars in our Galaxy, with few searches in the extragalactic Universe despite a larger volume being available. Civilizations capable of harvesting energy from a star or a galaxy are classified as KII or KIII on the Kardashev scale, respectively. Technosignatures from such advanced civilizations would be extremely luminous and detectable by current radio telescopes, even from distant galaxies. To explore the frontier of extragalactic SETI, we investigate the likely prevalence of extragalactic civilizations possessing a radio transmitter, known as the transmitter rate, based on observational results from the Breakthrough Listen (BL) observations. We calculated the transmitter rate by considering the background galaxies in the field of view of target stars in BL observations. We used a statistical method to derive the total mass of stars in those background galaxies from a galaxy stellar mass function. Our statistical method suggests that less than one in hundreds of trillions of extragalactic civilizations within 969 Mpc possess a radio transmitter above 7.7 × 1026 W of power, assuming one civilization per one-solar-mass stellar system. Additionally, we cross-matched the BL survey fields with the WISE × SuperCOSMOS Photometric Redshift Catalogue and compared with the statistical method. Our result sets the strictest limits to date on the transmitter rate at such high-power levels, emphasizing the high efficiency of searching for radio transmitters in galaxies and the rarity of technologically advanced civilizations in our Universe.
Base excision repair of the N-(2-deoxy-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-urea lesion by the hNEIL1 glycosylase
Authors: Tomar Rachana , Minko Irina G , Sharma Pankaj , Kellum Andrew H , Lei Li , Harp Joel M , Iverson T M , Lloyd R Stephen , Egli Martin , Stone Michael P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The N-(2-deoxy-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-urea DNA lesion forms following hydrolytic fragmentation of cis-5R,6S- and trans-5R,6R-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidine (thymine glycol, Tg) or from oxidation of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and subsequent hydrolysis. It interconverts between α and β deoxyribose anomers. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing this adduct are efficiently incised by unedited (K242) and edited (R242) forms of the hNEIL1 glycosylase. The structure of a complex between the active site unedited mutant CΔ100 P2G hNEIL1 (K242) glycosylase and double-stranded (ds) DNA containing a urea lesion reveals a pre-cleavage intermediate, in which the Gly2 N-terminal amine forms a conjugate with the deoxyribose C1′ of the lesion, with the urea moiety remaining intact. This structure supports a proposed catalytic mechanism in which Glu3-mediated protonation of O4′ facilitates attack at deoxyribose C1′. The deoxyribose is in the ring-opened configuration with the O4′ oxygen protonated. The electron density of Lys242 suggests the ‘residue 242-in conformation’ associated with catalysis. This complex likely arises because the proton transfer steps involving Glu6 and Lys242 are hindered due to Glu6-mediated H-bonding with the Gly2 and the urea lesion. Consistent with crystallographic data, biochemical analyses show that the CΔ100 P2G hNEIL1 (K242) glycosylase exhibits a residual activity against urea-containing dsDNA.
Probabilistic establishment of speckle-associated inter-chromosomal interactions
Authors: Joo Jaegeon , Cho Sunghyun , Hong Sukbum , Min Sunwoo , Kim Kyukwang , Kumar Rajeev , Choi Jeong-Mo , Shin Yongdae , Jung Inkyung 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Inter-chromosomal interactions play a crucial role in genome organization, yet the organizational principles remain elusive. Here, we introduce a novel computational method to systematically characterize inter-chromosomal interactions using in situ Hi-C results from various cell types. Our method successfully identifies two apparently hub-like inter-chromosomal contacts associated with nuclear speckles and nucleoli, respectively. Interestingly, we discover that nuclear speckle-associated inter-chromosomal interactions are highly cell-type invariant with a marked enrichment of cell-type common super-enhancers (CSEs). Validation using DNA Oligopaint fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) shows a strong but probabilistic interaction behavior between nuclear speckles and CSE-harboring genomic regions. Strikingly, we find that the likelihood of speckle-CSE associations can accurately predict two experimentally measured inter-chromosomal contacts from Hi-C and Oligopaint DNA FISH. Our probabilistic establishment model well describes the hub-like structure observed at the population level as a cumulative effect of summing individual stochastic chromatin-speckle interactions. Lastly, we observe that CSEs are highly co-occupied by MAZ binding and MAZ depletion leads to significant disorganization of speckle-associated inter-chromosomal contacts. Taken together, our results propose a simple organizational principle of inter-chromosomal interactions mediated by MAZ-occupied CSEs.
DNA rehybridization drives product release from Cas9 ribonucleoprotein to enable multiple-turnover cleavage
Authors: Pan Juan , Mabuchi Megumu , Robb Gregory Brett 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease from Staphylococcus aureus (SauCas9) can catalyze multiple-turnover reactions whereas Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyCas9) is a single-turnover enzyme. Here we dissect the mechanism of multiple-turnover catalysis by SauCas9 and elucidate its molecular basis. We show that the multiple-turnover catalysis does not require more than stoichiometric RNA guides to Cas9 nuclease. Rather, the RNA-guide loaded ribonucleoprotein (RNP) is the reactive unity that is slowly released from product and recycled in the subsequent reaction. The mechanism that RNP is recycled for multiple-turnover reaction entails the unwinding of the RNA:DNA duplex in the R-loop. We argue that DNA rehybridization is required for RNP release by supplementing the energy cost in the process. Indeed, turnover is arrested when DNA rehybridization is suppressed. Further, under higher salt conditions, both SauCas9 and SpyCas9 showed increased turnover, and engineered SpyCas9 nucleases that form fewer direct or hydrogen bonding interactions with target DNA became multiple-turnover enzymes. Thus, these results indicate that for both SpyCas9 and SauCas9, turnover is determined by the energetic balance of the post-chemistry RNP-DNA interaction. Due to the conserved protein core folds, the mechanism underpinning turnover we establish here is likely operant in all Cas9 nucleases.
Consumer attitudes and behaviors toward more sustainable diets: a scoping review
Authors: Kenny Tara A , Woodside Jayne V , Perry Ivan J , Harrington Janas M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There is an urgent need to move toward more sustainable diets. Although this will require radical and systemic changes across food systems, altering consumer ideologies and practices is essential to garner support for such actions. In this scoping review, the evidence on consumers’ attitudes and behaviors toward more sustainable diets is synthesized and a range of factors, considerations, and proposed strategies are presented that can contribute to building the societal-level support for urgent and systems-level changes. The findings suggest that consumers, insofar as they are interested in sustainability and have the capacity to engage with the concept, primarily approach the concept of sustainable diet from a human health perspective. However, the interconnectedness of human health and well-being with environmental health is poorly understood and under-researched in the context of consumer behaviors and attitudes toward sustainable diets. This highlights the need for (1) sustained efforts from public health professionals to encourage a realignment of the term sustainable diet with its multidimensional meaning by championing an ecological public health approach in all efforts aimed at promoting more sustainable consumption, from awareness raising to policy development; (2) a broader research lens focused on the multidimensional concept of sustainability in the literature exploring consumer attitudes and behaviors; and (3) the development of multidisciplinary, clear, and evidence-based sustainable-eating messages, including holistic sustainable dietary guidance, to address knowledge gaps, minimize conflicting narratives, and build consumer agency. The findings contribute to understanding how support can be generated for the necessary structural and system-level changes required to support behavior change.
Real-World Treatment Trends Among Patients with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Results from an International Study
Authors: Barata Pedro C , Leith Andrea , Ribbands Amanda , Montgomery Rachel , Last Matthew , Arondekar Bhakti , Ivanova Jasmina , Niyazov Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Continuous androgen deprivation therapy ± first-generation non-steroidal antiandrogen was previously the standard-of-care for patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Treatment intensification with novel hormonal therapy (NHT) or taxane chemotherapy is now approved and guideline-recommended for these patients.

Methods
Physician-reported data on adult patients with mCSPC from the Adelphi Prostate Cancer Disease Specific Programme were analyzed descriptively. We evaluated real-world treatment trends for patients with mCSPC in 5 European countries (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, and Italy) and the United States (US), looking at differences between patients initiating treatment in 2016-2018 and in 2019-2020. We also investigated treatment trends by ethnicity and insurance status in the US.

Results
This study found that most patients with mCSPC do not receive treatment intensification. However, greater use of treatment intensification with NHT and taxane chemotherapy was observed in 2019-2020 than in 2016-2018 across 5 European countries. In the US, greater use of treatment intensification with NHT in 2019-2020 than in 2016-2018 was observed for all ethnicity groups and those with Medicare and commercial insurance status.

Conclusions
As the number of patients with mCSPC who receive treatment intensification increases, more patients who progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) will have been exposed to intensified treatments. Treatment options for patients with mCSPC and mCRPC overlap, suggesting that an unmet need will emerge for new therapies. Further studies are needed to understand optimal treatment sequencing in mCSPC and mCRPC.
Prediction of subsequent vertebral compression fractures after thoracolumbar kyphoplasty: a multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Yu Weibo , Zhang Haiyan , Yao Zhensong , Zhong Yuanming , Jiang Xiaobing , Cai Daozhang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Second fractures at the cemented vertebrae (SFCV) are often seen after percutaneous kyphoplasty, especially at the thoracolumbar junction. Our study aimed to develop and validate a preoperative clinical prediction model for predicting SFCV.

Methods
A cohort of 224 patients with single-level thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fractures (T11–L2) from 3 medical centers was analyzed between January 2017 and June 2020 to derive a preoperative clinical prediction model for SFCV. Backward-stepwise selection was used to select preoperative predictors. We assigned a score to each selected variable and developed the SFCV scoring system. Internal validation and calibration were conducted for the SFCV score.

Results
Among the 224 patients included, 58 had postoperative SFCV (25.9%). The following preoperative measures on multivariable analysis were summarized in the 5-point SFCV score: bone mineral density (≤–3.05), serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (≤17.55 ng/mL), standardized signal intensity of fractured vertebra on T1-weighted images (≤59.52%), C7–S1 sagittal vertical axis (≥3.25 cm), and intravertebral cleft. Internal validation showed a corrected area under the curve of 0.794. A cutoff of ≤1 point was chosen to classify a low risk of SFCV, for which only 6 of 100 patients (6%) had SFCV. A cutoff of ≥4 points was chosen to classify a high risk of SFCV, for which 28 of 41 (68.3%) had SFCV.

Conclusion
The SFCV score was found to be a simple preoperative method for identification of patients at low and high risk of postoperative SFCV. This model could be applied to individual patients and aid in the decision-making before percutaneous kyphoplasty.
New estimates of the storage permanence and ocean co-benefits of enhanced rock weathering
Authors: Kanzaki Yoshiki , Planavsky Noah J , Reinhard Christopher T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Avoiding many of the most severe consequences of anthropogenic climate change in the coming century will very likely require the development of “negative emissions technologies”—practices that lead to net carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from Earth's atmosphere. However, feedbacks within the carbon cycle place intrinsic limits on the long-term impact of CDR on atmospheric CO2 that are likely to vary across CDR technologies in ways that are poorly constrained. Here, we use an ensemble of Earth system models to provide new insights into the efficiency of CDR through enhanced rock weathering (ERW) by explicitly quantifying long-term storage of carbon in the ocean during ERW relative to an equivalent modulated emissions scenario. We find that although the backflux of CO2 to the atmosphere in the face of CDR is in all cases significant and time-varying, even for direct removal and underground storage, the leakage of initially captured carbon associated with ERW is well below that currently assumed. In addition, net alkalinity addition to the surface ocean from ERW leads to significant increases in seawater carbonate mineral saturation state relative to an equivalent emissions trajectory, a co-benefit for calcifying marine organisms. These results suggest that potential carbon leakage from the oceans during ERW is a small component of the overall ERW life cycle and that it can be rigorously quantified and incorporated into technoeconomic assessments of ERW at scale.