bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Numerical Accuracy and Parallel Performance of OpenFOAM and its Reacting Flow Extension EBIdnsFoam
Authors: Zirwes Thorsten , Sontheimer Marvin , Zhang Feichi , Abdelsamie Abouelmagd , Pérez Francisco E. Hernández , Stein Oliver T. , Im Hong G. , Kronenburg Andreas , Bockhorn Henning 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOpenFOAM is one of the most widely used open-source computational fluid dynamics tools and often employed for chemical engineering applications. However, there is no systematic assessment of OpenFOAM’s numerical accuracy and parallel performance for chemically reacting flows. For the first time, this work provides a direct comparison between OpenFOAM’s built-in flow solvers as well as its reacting flow extension EBIdnsFoam with four other, well established high-fidelity combustion codes. Quantification of OpenFOAM’s numerical accuracy is achieved with a benchmark suite that has recently been established by Abdelsamie et al. (Comput Fluids 223:104935, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2021.104935) for combustion codes. Fourth-order convergence can be achieved with OpenFOAM’s own cubic interpolation scheme and excellent agreement with other high-fidelity codes is presented for incompressible flows as well as more complex cases including heat conduction and molecular diffusion in multi-component mixtures. In terms of computational performance, the simulation of incompressible non-reacting flows with OpenFOAM is slower than the other codes, but similar performance is achieved for reacting flows with excellent parallel scalability. For the benchmark case of hydrogen flames interacting with a Taylor–Green vortex, differences between low-Mach and compressible solvers are identified which highlight the need for more investigations into reliable benchmarks for reacting flow solvers. The results from this work provide the first contribution of a fully implicit compressible combustion solver to the benchmark suite and are thus valuable to the combustion community. The OpenFOAM cases are publicly available and serve as guide for achieving the highest numerical accuracy as well as a basis for future developments.
Attribution of the heavy rainfall events leading to severe flooding in Western Europe during July 2021
Authors: Tradowsky Jordis S. , Philip Sjoukje Y. , Kreienkamp Frank , Kew Sarah F. , Lorenz Philip , Arrighi Julie , Bettmann Thomas , Caluwaerts Steven , Chan Steven C. , De Cruz Lesley , de Vries Hylke , Demuth Norbert , Ferrone Andrew , Fischer Erich M. , Fowler Hayley J. , Goergen Klaus , Heinrich Dorothy , Henrichs Yvonne , Kaspar Frank , Lenderink Geert , Nilson Enno , Otto Friederike E. L. , Ragone Francesco , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Singh Roop K. , Skålevåg Amalie , Termonia Piet , Thalheimer Lisa , van Aalst Maarten , Van den Bergh Joris , Van de Vyver Hans , Vannitsem Stéphane , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Vautard Robert , Vonk Demi , Wanders Niko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn July 2021 extreme rainfall across Western Europe caused severe flooding and substantial impacts, including over 200 fatalities and extensive infrastructure damage within Germany and the Benelux countries. After the event, a hydrological assessment and a probabilistic event attribution analysis of rainfall data were initiated and complemented by discussing the vulnerability and exposure context. The global mean surface temperature (GMST) served as a covariate in a generalised extreme value distribution fitted to observational and model data, exploiting the dependence on GMST to estimate how anthropogenic climate change affects the likelihood and severity of extreme events. Rainfall accumulations in Ahr/Erft and the Belgian Meuse catchment vastly exceeded previous observed records. In regions of that limited size the robust estimation of return values and the detection and attribution of rainfall trends are challenging. However, for the larger Western European region it was found that, under current climate conditions, on average one rainfall event of this magnitude can be expected every 400 years at any given location. Consequently, within the entire region, events of similar magnitude are expected to occur more frequently than once in 400 years. Anthropogenic climate change has already increased the intensity of the maximum 1-day rainfall event in the summer season by 3–19 %. The likelihood of such an event to occur today compared to a 1.2 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C cooler climate has increased by a factor of 1.2–9. Models indicate that intensity and frequency of such events will further increase with future global warming. While attribution of small-scale events remains challenging, this study shows that there is a robust increase in the likelihood and severity of rainfall events such as the ones causing extreme impacts in July 2021 when considering a larger region.
On being the wrong size, or the role of body mass in fish kills and hypoxia exposure
Authors: Müller Johannes , Houben Niels , Pauly Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Rising temperatures, drought, and oxygen depletion may be the greatest threats to aquatic animals in the twenty-first century. As a robust body of literature suggests, large-bodied fish are among the most vulnerable organisms in times of rapid climate change. While earlier studies showed an interspecific correlation between body size and sensitivity to hypoxia and thermal stress, comparisons within species remain debated. This review marshals a diverse body of literature on this topic, ranging from physiological studies to field reports and fish kill manuals, and evaluates the evidence for intraspecific size effects on hypoxia tolerance. While experimental studies and fisheries management literature sometimes contradict each other, we show that there is strong evidence for size effects on hypoxia tolerance within fish species. We argue that bringing fisheries management literature and physiological studies into a dialog with each other is of crucial importance in times of rapid climate change.
Mapping ethical, legal, & social implications (ELSI) of assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Alon Ido , Chebance Zacharie , Massucci Francesco Alessandro , Bounartzi Theofano , Ravitsky Vardit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A significant portion of the research on assisted reproductive technologies explores ethical, legal, and social implications. It has an impact on social perceptions, the evolution of norms of clinical practices, regulations and public funding. This paper reviews and maps the geographical distribution to test the hypothesis of geographical concentration and classifies the output by fields and topics.

Methods
We queried PubMed, Scopus and the Web of Science for documents published between 1999 and 2019, excluding clinical trials and medical case reports. Documents were analyzed according to their titles, abstracts and keywords and were classified to assisted reproductive fields and by Topic Modeling. We analyzed geographic distribution.

Results
Research output increased nearly tenfold. We show a trend towards decentralization of research, although at a slower rate compared with clinical assisted reproduction research. While the U.S. and the U.K.’s share has dropped, North America and Western Europe are still responsible for more than 70%, while China and Japan had limited participation in the global discussion. Fertility preservation and surrogacy have emerged as the most researched categories, while research about genetics was less prominent.

Conclusions
We call to enrich researchers’ perspectives by addressing local issues in ways that are tailored to local cultural values, social and economic contexts, and differently structured healthcare systems. Researchers from wealthy centers should conduct international research, focusing on less explored regions and topics. More research on financial issues and access is required, especially regarding regions with limited public funding.
Development of cupric sulphate nanocrystals on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates using hydrothermal technique
Authors: Ahia Chinedu Christian , Meyer Edson L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCupric sulphate nanocrystals (NCs) are desirable for a number of applications. The NCs were grown using a hydrothermal technique on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide substrate which was sandwiched into the grooves of a sample holder at an angle between 45° and 90° relative to the wall of a 100 ml Teflon container. The surface features were observed using an optical microscope while atomic scale features which are not visible under the optical microscope were investigated using a scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. Details of the weight percentage composition were investigated on the sample by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A broad absorption spectrum from 690 to 1100 nm, having a full width at half maximum value of 254 nm and an energy excitonic absorption peak in the visible region at 810 nm, was observed when the NCs are dissolved in water (hydrate solution) contrary to the highest absorption peak which was observed at 678 nm for the anhydrous compound. A total number of 16 vibrational frequencies were observed from Raman scattering while five active modes were visible in the Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum. Information on room-temperature photoluminescence and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements obtained from the NCs is reported. The deposition technique adopted in present work could be optimized for the high-yield production of more uniform layers of ultrathin nanostructures with increased aptitude for various applications.
An Alternative to Cognitivism: Computational Phenomenology for Deep Learning
Authors: Beckmann Pierre , Köstner Guillaume , Hipólito Inês 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe propose a non-representationalist framework for deep learning relying on a novel method computational phenomenology, a dialogue between the first-person perspective (relying on phenomenology) and the mechanisms of computational models. We thereby propose an alternative to the modern cognitivist interpretation of deep learning, according to which artificial neural networks encode representations of external entities. This interpretation mainly relies on neuro-representationalism, a position that combines a strong ontological commitment towards scientific theoretical entities and the idea that the brain operates on symbolic representations of these entities. We proceed as follows: after offering a review of cognitivism and neuro-representationalism in the field of deep learning, we first elaborate a phenomenological critique of these positions; we then sketch out computational phenomenology and distinguish it from existing alternatives; finally we apply this new method to deep learning models trained on specific tasks, in order to formulate a conceptual framework of deep-learning, that allows one to think of artificial neural networks’ mechanisms in terms of lived experience.
Radiomics for the non-invasive prediction of PD-L1 expression in patients with brain metastases secondary to non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Meißner Anna-Katharina , Gutsche Robin , Galldiks Norbert , Kocher Martin , Jünger Stephanie T. , Eich Marie-Lisa , Nogova Lucia , Araceli Tommaso , Schmidt Nils Ole , Ruge Maximilian I. , Goldbrunner Roland , Proescholdt Martin , Grau Stefan , Lohmann Philipp 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The expression level of the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) appears to be a predictor for response to immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As differences in terms of PD-L1 expression levels in the extracranial primary tumor and the brain metastases may occur, a reliable method for the non-invasive assessment of the intracranial PD-L1 expression is, therefore of clinical value. Here, we evaluated the potential of radiomics for a non-invasive prediction of PD-L1 expression in patients with brain metastases secondary to NSCLC.

Patients and methods
Fifty-three NSCLC patients with brain metastases from two academic neuro-oncological centers (group 1, n = 36 patients; group 2, n = 17 patients) underwent tumor resection with a subsequent immunohistochemical evaluation of the PD-L1 expression. Brain metastases were manually segmented on preoperative T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI. Group 1 was used for model training and validation, group 2 for model testing. After image pre-processing and radiomics feature extraction, a test-retest analysis was performed to identify robust features prior to feature selection. The radiomics model was trained and validated using random stratified cross-validation. Finally, the best-performing radiomics model was applied to the test data. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.

Results
An intracranial PD-L1 expression (i.e., staining of at least 1% or more of tumor cells) was present in 18 of 36 patients (50%) in group 1, and 7 of 17 patients (41%) in group 2. Univariate analysis identified the contrast-enhancing tumor volume as a significant predictor for PD-L1 expression (area under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.77). A random forest classifier using a four-parameter radiomics signature, including tumor volume, yielded an AUC of 0.83 ± 0.18 in the training data (group 1), and an AUC of 0.84 in the external test data (group 2).

Conclusion
The developed radiomics classifiers allows for a non-invasive assessment of the intracranial PD-L1 expression in patients with brain metastases secondary to NSCLC with high accuracy.
When Right is Left: Values and Voting Behavior in Tunisia
Authors: Mehrez Ameni 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccording to theories on ideological differences, individuals who endorse the values of freedom, justice, and equality are expected to be left-wing oriented, whereas individuals who endorse authoritarian values are expected to be right-wing oriented. I hypothesize that such associations do not hold in the Arab world, where in the context of past state formation trajectories, leftists and secularists endorsed an authoritarian-nationalist discourse to build post-colonial states, while Islamists endorsed a freedom-and-justice discourse as a reaction to state oppression. Using original representative face-to-face survey data collected right after the 2019 Tunisian elections, I test this hypothesis by examining which values determine citizens’ voting behavior in both parliamentary and presidential elections. Results show that people who endorse liberty-and-justice values are more likely to vote for Islamist right-wing parties, whereas those who endorse authoritarian-nationalist values are more likely to vote for leftist parties. These results have important implications for the study of voting behavior in the Arab world and in comparative politics.
A Multiversal Model of Vibration of Effects of the Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being (BES) on Fertility
Authors: Cantone Giulio Giacomo , Tomaselli Venera 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study checks the hypothesis that sustainable well-being is a determinant factor of fertility through the application of a multiversal method based on the assumptions of Vibration of Effects (VoE) model of multiversal sampling on the Italian Equitable and Sustainable Well-being (BES) dataset. For 48 social indicators of well-being, adopting the Province as statistical unit, the estimate of linear effect has been systematically sampled 1024 times. This multiversal sampling allows to estimate the component of the hypothetical variability of the estimate of the effect size that depends on the theoretical choices of the analysis. This component is commonly underestimated, hidden, or ignored in regular multivariate analysis or classical bootstrapping. Results do not allow to claim that any of the 48 social indicators is a robust linear predictor of fertility. Indicators associated with high statistical significance are also at risk of misleading the causal relationship. Implications for policy-making and the future direction of the research on BES are discussed in the conclusive remarks.
Effects of Design and Operational Conditions on the Performance of Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Pollution Control – Critical Review
Authors: Nan Xi , Lavrnić Stevo , Mancuso Giuseppe , Toscano Attilio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConstructed wetlands (CWs) can be considered as an efficient nature-based solution for the treatment of agricultural drainage water (ADW) and consequently for the mitigation of non-point source pollution. Aiming to provide suggestions for the construction and implementation of CWs, this paper proposes and discusses key parameters of CW design and operation. In order to verify the effect of these features, different case studies were reviewed, focusing on the performance of CWs that are treating agricultural drainage water. The findings showed that design and operational factors (e.g., the application of simple hydraulic structures and vegetation establishment) can improve pollutant removal efficiencies by increasing hydraulic retention time. Hydraulic efficiency of CWs can also be enhanced through certain shape characteristics (e.g., adoption of a high aspect ratio and creation of a long and narrow CW shape). The careful consideration of these parameters before and during CW implementation can therefore help these systems to achieve their full potential. However, further study is recommended to assess the effects of some parameters (e.g., flow direction and the application of deep zones).
Gefährdungsanalyse als Baustein der Entwicklung eines Schutzkonzepts gegen (sexualisierte) Gewalt
Authors: Hoffmann Ulrike , König Elisa , Jung Dennis , Maier Anna , Fegert J. M. 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Seit November 2020 besteht im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements für alle Kliniken die Verpflichtung, ein Schutzkonzept gegen (sexualisierte) Gewalt zu entwickeln. Diese Entwicklung soll auf den Ergebnissen einer Gefährdungsanalyse beruhen. Ziel einer solchen Analyse ist es, die institutionsspezifischen Risikofaktoren für (sexuelle) Übergriffe zu identifizieren. Am Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS) war im Nachgang eines Falls von sexuellen Übergriffen gegen Kinder durch einen Arzt ein Schutzkonzept entwickelt worden. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts mit der Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie (KJPP) Ulm sollte dieses Schutzkonzept weiterentwickelt und eine klinikweite Gefährdungsanalyse durchgeführt werden.

Methode
Es wurde eine klinikweite Befragung der Mitarbeitenden mittels eines Online-Fragebogens durchgeführt. Hierbei wurden verschiedene Gruppen von Risikofaktoren mit einem dichotomen Antwortschema abgefragt. Die Risikofaktoren wurden in der Häufigkeit der Nennung gewichtet und gruppenbezogene Unterschiede zwischen Leitungskräften und Mitarbeitenden berechnet.

Ergebnisse
Es haben knapp 1200 Mitarbeitende des UKS den Online-Fragebogen ausgefüllt, dies entspricht einer Ausfüllquote von 9,9 %. Es gab klare Ergebnisse zur Gewichtung der Risikofaktoren, gruppenbezogene Unterschiede konnten mit einer Ausnahme nicht festgestellt werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Machbarkeit der Durchführung eines solchen Fragebogens als klinikweite Befragung konnte gezeigt werden. Er kann als ein Baustein einer Gefährdungsanalyse Hinweise zum Vorhandensein und zur Gewichtung der eigenen institutionellen Risikofaktoren geben und somit Basis für die (Weiter)entwicklung eines Schutzkonzepts sein.
Liebesfilme, Geschlechtskrankheiten und eugenische Ehe. Diskurse über Seouler Kinobesucherinnen in den 1920er- und -30er-Jahren
Authors: Gang Sung Un 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit untersucht, warum in den 1920er-Jahren eine mediale Diskussion über den Kinobesuch koreanischer Schulmädchen ausgelöst wurde und inwiefern diese mit dem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen romantischer Liebe und der eugenischen Bewegung im kolonialen Korea zusammenhing. Mittels historischer Diskursanalyse identifiziert diese Arbeit die filmische Darstellung der romantischen Liebe, die Sorge über ihre affektive Kraft auf die Jugendlichen und die Einflüsse der Eugenik als maßgeblichen Bezugsrahmen der Debatte. Während die koreanischen Jugendlichen Filme als ein Referenzsystem für ihre eigene Praxis der „absoluten Liebe“ nutzten, versuchten die Eugeniker*innen, ihre Sexualität im Sinne der „Rassenverbesserung und des Wohls des Staates“ zu regulieren. Die Koreanische Eugenische Vereinigung (KEV) fokussierte sich auf die Realisierung der sogenannten „eugenischen Ehe“ durch die Prävention von Geschlechtskrankheiten und riet Frauen, Männern ohne Geschlechtskrankheiten zu heiraten und sich um die sexuelle Gesundheit ihrer Ehemänner zu kümmern. Ferner wurden Kinobesuche während der Schwangerschaft als Risiko für die ungeborenen Kinder erklärt, weil sie auf die körperliche Gesundheit sowie Psychohygiene der Mütter negative Einflüsse haben könnten. Frauen, die sexuelle Dienstleistungen anboten, galten als Infektionsrisiko. Diese Arbeit stellt fest, dass der koreanische eugenische Diskurs der 1920er- und 1930er-Jahre geschlechts- und schichtspezifisch ablief und die Körper und Sexualität der jungen Frauen zu kontrollieren versuchte.
Deep representation learning and reinforcement learning for workpiece setup optimization in CNC milling
Authors: Samsonov Vladimir , Chrismarie Enslin , Köpken Hans-Georg , Bär Schirin , Lütticke Daniel , Meisen Tobias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComputer Numerical Control (CNC) milling is a commonly used manufacturing process with a high level of automation. Nevertheless, setting up a new CNC milling process involves multiple development steps relying heavily on human expertise. In this work, we focus on positioning and orientation of the workpiece (WP) in the working space of a CNC milling machine and propose a deep learning approach to speed up this process significantly. The selection of the WP’s setup depends on the chosen milling technological process, the geometry of the WP, and the capabilities of the considered CNC machining. It directly impacts the milling quality, machine wear, and overall energy consumption. Our approach relies on representation learning of the milling technological process with the subsequent use of reinforcement learning (RL) for the WP positioning and orientation. Solutions proposed by the RL agent are used as a warm start for simple hill-climbing heuristics, which boosts overall performance while keeping the overall number of search iterations low. The novelty of the developed approach is the ability to conduct the WP setup optimization covering both WP positioning and orientation while ensuring the axis collision avoidance, minimization of the axis traveled distances and improving the dynamic characteristics of the milling process with no input from human experts. Experiments show the potential of the proposed learning-based approach to generate almost comparably good WP setups order of magnitude faster than common metaheuristics, such as genetic algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSA).