bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of creativity performance and learning effects through digital game‐based creativity learning between elementary school children in rural and urban areas
Authors: Yeh Yu‐chu , Ting Yu‐Shan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCreativity is an important ability for problem‐solving in both personal life and academic learning. Few creativity studies have investigated the development of children's creativity in disadvantaged rural areas or compared the rural–urban differences through digital game‐based creativity learning. Understanding such differences can help provide resources for promoting learning equality in creativity.AimsThis study aimed to compare the rural–urban difference in elementary school children's creativity performance and their learning effect through digital game‐based creativity learning.SampleParticipants were 261 3rd and 4th graders and 194 5th and 6th graders from 6 elementary schools.MethodTwo digital game‐based creativity learning systems were employed to conduct a five‐class experimental instruction. A creativity test and a questionnaire were also used.Results and ConclusionsThe results indicate that the urban middle graders, but not the upper graders, outperformed their rural counterparts in the creativity test before game‐based learning. Nevertheless, all children got a higher score on the creativity test after the game‐based learning, suggesting the employed creativity learning systems could be vehicles for improving elementary school children's creativity. However, the rural children gained less from the learning than the urban children, which may be due to weaker competencies in self‐regulated learning. Further studies can employ an inventory to verify this and also consider providing more scaffolding of self‐regulated learning to more disadvantaged students during digital game‐based creativity learning. Additionally, the results of this study reflect the importance of self‐determination and rewards in learning motivation. Appropriate rewards may encourage persistence in taking on challenges.
Formulation, optimization and characterization of raloxifene hydrochloride loaded PLGA nanoparticles by using Taguchi design for breast cancer application
Authors: Maddiboyina Balaji , Roy Harekrishna , Nakkala Ramya Krishna , Gandhi Sivaraman , Kavisri M. , Moovendhan Meivelu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultidrug resistance in breast cancer and the associated side‐effects of anticancer therapies are significant hurdles in chemotherapy‐based treatment. Biodegradable polymeric nano‐based targeted drug delivery technologies showed tremendous advantages in targeted local delivery with limited off‐targeted side effects. Therefore, there is a persistent need to develop targeted nanomedicine systems for treatment of breast cancer. The current research attempted to develop poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with raloxifene by modified emulsification solvent diffusion evaporation method to improve oral bioavailability by using Taguchi design. It was observed that the optimized formulation (1:4 drug to polymer ratio) poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) showed a mean particle size and Polydispersity index of 218 ± 23.7 nm and 0.231 ± 0.04, respectively. The entrapment efficiency was found to be 82.30% ± 1.02%. In vitro drug delivery was found to be 92.5% ± 1.48% in 40 h. The nanoparticles were to remain stable at 2°C–8°C even after 30 days. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization techniques showed that there was no interaction between the drug and excipient. Stability studies indicate that polymeric nanoparticles were stable at 2°C–8°C after 6 months. Raloxifene nanoparticles may be the most potent targeting moieties to treat highly invasive and metastatic MCF‐7 breast cancer cells.
Line Drawing Vectorization via Coarse‐to‐Fine Curve Network Optimization
Authors: Bao Bin , Fu Hongbo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVectorizing line drawings is a fundamental component of the workflow in various applications such as graphic design and computer animation. A practical vectorization tool is desired to produce high‐quality curves that are faithful to the original inputs and close to the connectivity of human drawings. The existing line vectorization approaches either suffer from low geometry accuracy or incorrect connectivity for noisy inputs or detailed complex drawings. We propose a novel line drawing vectorization framework based on coarse‐to‐fine curve network optimization. Our technique starts with an initial curve network generated by an existing tracing method. It then performs a global optimization which fits the curve network to image centrelines. Finally, our method performs a finer optimization in local junction regions to achieve better connectivity and curve geometry around junctions. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate our system on line drawings with varying image quality and shape complexity, and show that our technique outperforms existing works in terms of curve quality and computational time.
Art‐based research to explore children's lived experiences of dysgraphia
Authors: Kalenjuk Elvira , Wilson Sue , Subban Pearl , Laletas Stella 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChildren have the right to voice views on matters that impact their lives, including writing disability. In this study, five children diagnosed with dysgraphia used art‐based research to depict their experiences of dysgraphia. The children described the impossibility of transferring ideas from head to paper and the difficult emotions associated with writing. The results highlighted a symbiosis between writing and identity, with dysgraphia adversely impacting the children's identity development. The study highlights the value of using art to communicate children's perceptions, aligned with inclusive practices. The insights shared offers caregivers, educators, and others scope to develop affirmative writing practices.
‘Off the shelf’ immunotherapies: Generation and application of pluripotent stem cell‐derived immune cells
Authors: Wang Chenxin , Liu Jingjing , Li Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, great strides have been made toward the development of immune cell‐based therapies in the treatment of refractory malignancies. Primary T cells and NK cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors have achieved tremendous clinical success especially in patients with leukaemia and lymphoma. However, the autologous origin of these effector cells means that a single batch of laboriously engineered cells treats only a certain patient, leading to high cost, ununiform product quality, and risk of delay in treatment, and therefore results in restricted accessibility of these therapies to the overwhelming majority of the patients. Addressing these tricky obstacles calls for the development of universal immune cell products that can be provided ‘off the shelf’ in a large amount. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), owing to their unique capacity of self‐renewal and the potential of multi‐lineage differentiation, offer an unlimited cell source to generate uniform and scalable engineered immune cells. This review discusses the major advances in the development of PSC‐derived immune cell differentiation approaches and their therapeutic potential in treating both hematologic malignancies and solid tumours. We also consider the potency of PSC‐derived immune cells as an alternative therapeutic strategy for other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, infections, et al.
Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and persistence in individuals with type 2 diabetes initiating a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist: A retrospective analysis of the Diabetes Prospective Follow‐Up Registry
Authors: Jung Heike , Tittel Sascha R. , Schloot Nanette C. , Heitmann Elke , Otto Thorsten , Lebrec Jeremie , Pavel Marianne , Lanzinger Stefanie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo describe clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) persistence in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating their first GLP‐1 RA.Materials and MethodsA real‐world analysis of adults with T2D initiating GLP‐1 RA therapy between 2007 and June 2020 from the multicentre Diabetes Prospective Follow‐Up (DPV) Registry, stratified by antidiabetes therapy at the time of GLP‐1 RA initiation: oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD), insulin ± OAD or lifestyle modification (LM). GLP‐1 RA treatment persistence in individuals with ≥12 months follow‐up was determined by Kaplan‐Meier analysis.ResultsOverall, 15 111 individuals with T2D initiating GLP‐1 RA therapy (55% men) were identified; median [interquartile range (IQR)] age [58.7 (50.6‐66.7) years], diabetes duration [8.5 (3.6‐14.7) years], glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c; 8.2 (7.1‐9.8)%]. Median (95% confidence interval) GLP‐1 RA persistence in eligible individuals (n = 5189) was 11 (10‐12) months; OAD 12 (11‐14) months (n = 2453); insulin ± OAD 11 (9‐12) months (n = 2204); and LM 7 (5‐9) months (n = 532). Median treatment persistence tended to increase from 2007‐2012 to 2017‐2020. Median (IQR) HbA1c decreased from baseline [8.2 (7.1‐9.8)%] to discontinuation [7.5 (6.6‐8.7)%], with a greater decrease observed in individuals with persistence >12 months versus ≤12 months. Individuals who discontinued GLP‐1 RA therapy predominantly switched to insulin (if not already using) or dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors.ConclusionReal‐world registry data revealed improved outcomes with longer median GLP‐1 RA persistence; ~50% of patients overall achieved HbA1c <7% at 12 months. Persistence was highest with baseline OAD and/or insulin, and tended to increase over the period 2007‐2020.
Long‐term psychological outcome of patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis continuously treated with Dupilumab: Data up to 3 years
Authors: Miniotti Marco , Ribero Simone , Mastorino Luca , Ortoncelli Michela , Gelato Federica , Bailon Mariagiulia , Trioni Jacopo , Stefan Beatrice , Quaglino Pietro , Leombruni Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDupilumab effectiveness and safety in treating moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) have been demonstrated in open‐label studies up to 4 years. Evidence about long‐term psychological outcome is lacking. This study evaluates the long‐term psychological outcome of moderate‐to‐severe AD patients continuously treated with Dupilumab up to 3 years. A prospective observational real‐life study was conducted at an Italian tertiary centre from January 2019 to September 2022. Measures of disease severity and psychological outcomes were assessed at baseline, after 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 months. A total of 382 moderate‐to‐severe AD patients were included. After 36 months, EASI‐75 and EASI‐90 were achieved by 91.8% and 77.2% of participants. Significant improvement (p < 0.001; ω2 = 0.18–0.84) in objective and patient‐reported measures of disease severity and in the psychological condition were observed after 4 months of treatment and maintained up to 36 months. Longitudinal analysis of interactions of demographic and clinical features found subgroups of patients who did not reported psychological improvement over the study period notwithstanding the positive clinical response. Long‐term improvement in the psychological outcome of moderate‐to‐severe AD patients continuously treated with Dupilumab is confirmed up to 3 years, supporting its wide use in this population. Between‐subject differences in the psychological outcome irrespective of clinical response observed in this study foster the biopsychosocial approach in the clinical management of these patients.
Doing family online: (In)formal knowledge circulation, information‐seeking practices, and support communities
Authors: Odasso Laura , Geoffrion Karine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveDrawing on the theory of polymedia and on the role of information and communications technology (ICT) in (re)defining the articulation between the private and the public, this introduction reflects on what ICT does to and for families around the world.BackgroundThrough the development of networking platforms, video call applications, personal sites, and collaborative information platforms, ICT has changed the way people live, love, and interact. It has also afforded new ways to “do family.”MethodBy featuring studies from a variety of national and regional contexts (Canada, Chile, Ghana, Greece, Moldova, South Korea, Ukraine, the Netherlands, United States, and Turkey), it establishes a dialogue between disciplines and a fruitful cross‐fertilization of research topics, methodologies, analyses, and theoretical perspectives.ResultsThis special issue explores (a) the nexus among family life, relationships, and ICT and (b) the relation between the everyday lived experiences of family members and the broader social structures that circumscribe the width and breadth of those experiences.ConclusionThe contributions show the porosity of the boundary between public and private spaces. Alternative forms of expertise and parenting norms are emerging online. ICTs are integrated into parents' information‐seeking and sharing practices, and emotional support. They sustain relationships between family members across distance. However, inequalities regarding access to the Internet and computer literacy still jeopardize digital citizenship and democratization.ImplicationThe contributions in this special issue highlight the need for better structuring of interventions and policies to support families by using up‐to‐date ICT systems and creating mentorship programs and digital mediation for family professionals and beneficiaries.
Embracing fine‐root system complexity in terrestrial ecosystem modeling
Authors: Wang Bin , McCormack Michael Luke , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Yang Xiaojuan , Iversen Colleen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProjecting the dynamics and functioning of the biosphere requires a holistic consideration of whole‐ecosystem processes. However, biases toward leaf, canopy, and soil modeling since the 1970s have constantly left fine‐root systems being rudimentarily treated. As accelerated empirical advances in the last two decades establish clearly functional differentiation conferred by the hierarchical structure of fine‐root orders and associations with mycorrhizal fungi, a need emerges to embrace this complexity to bridge the data‐model gap in still extremely uncertain models. Here, we propose a three‐pool structure comprising transport and absorptive fine roots with mycorrhizal fungi (TAM) to model vertically resolved fine‐root systems across organizational and spatial–temporal scales. Emerging from a conceptual shift away from arbitrary homogenization, TAM builds upon theoretical and empirical foundations as an effective and efficient approximation that balances realism and simplicity. A proof‐of‐concept demonstration of TAM in a big‐leaf model both conservatively and radically shows robust impacts of differentiation within fine‐root systems on simulating carbon cycling in temperate forests. Theoretical and quantitative support warrants exploiting its rich potentials across ecosystems and models to confront uncertainties and challenges for a predictive understanding of the biosphere. Echoing a broad trend of embracing ecological complexity in integrative ecosystem modeling, TAM may offer a consistent framework where modelers and empiricists can work together toward this grand goal.
Myeloid‐specific deletion of activating transcription factor 6 alpha increases CD11b+ macrophage subpopulations and aggravates lung fibrosis
Authors: Mekhael Olivia , Revill Spencer D , Hayat Aaron I , Cass Steven P , MacDonald Kyle , Vierhout Megan , Ayoub Anmar , Reihani Amir , Padwal Manreet , Imani Jewel , Ayaub Ehab , Yousof Tamana , Dvorkin‐Gheva Anna , Rullo Anthony , Hirota Jeremy A , Richards Carl D , Bridgewater Darren , Stämpfli Martin R , Hambly Nathan , Naqvi Asghar , Kolb Martin RJ , Ask Kjetil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. The accumulation of macrophages is associated with disease pathogenesis. The unfolded protein response (UPR) has been linked to macrophage activation in pulmonary fibrosis. To date, the impact of activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6α), one of the UPR mediators, on the composition and function of pulmonary macrophage subpopulations during lung injury and fibrogenesis is not fully understood. We began by examining the expression of Atf6α in IPF patients’ lung single‐cell RNA sequencing dataset, archived surgical lung specimens, and CD14+ circulating monocytes. To assess the impact of ATF6α on pulmonary macrophage composition and pro‐fibrotic function during tissue remodeling, we conducted an in vivo myeloid‐specific deletion of Atf6α. Flow cytometric assessments of pulmonary macrophages were carried out in C57BL/6 and myeloid specific ATF6α‐deficient mice in the context of bleomycin‐induced lung injury. Our results demonstrated that Atf6α mRNA was expressed in pro‐fibrotic macrophages found in the lung of a patient with IPF and in CD14+ circulating monocytes obtained from blood of a patient with IPF. After bleomycin administration, the myeloid‐specific deletion of Atf6α altered the pulmonary macrophage composition, expanding CD11b+ subpopulations with dual polarized CD38+CD206+ expressing macrophages. Compositional changes were associated with an aggravation of fibrogenesis including increased myofibroblast and collagen deposition. A further mechanistic ex vivo investigation revealed that ATF6α was required for CHOP induction and the death of bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Overall, our findings suggest a detrimental role for the ATF6α‐deficient CD11b+ macrophages which had altered function during lung injury and fibrosis.
Challenging stigma and attitudes towards ECT via an educational video
Authors: Sarma Shanthi , Hussain Besalat , Gigante Titta , Davies Angela , Watson Rebecca , Branjerdporn Grace 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of mental illness, negative attitudes and stigma exist about ECT in the general community and even within health services. Investigating interventions that improve the attitudes of health professionals towards ECT is beneficial as this reduces stigma and increases the acceptability of ECT for consumers. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the change in attitude of nursing graduates and medical students towards ECT by watching an educational video. The secondary aim was to compare health professional attitudes to those of the general community. An educational video was co‐designed with consumers and members of the mental health Lived Experience (Peer) Workforce Team about ECT outlining the procedure, side effects, treatment considerations and lived experiences. Nursing graduates and medical students completed the ECT Attitude Questionnaire (EAQ) prior to and after watching the video. Descriptive statistics, paired samples t‐tests and one sample t‐tests were completed. One hundred and twenty‐four participants completed pre‐ and post‐ questionnaires. Attitudes towards ECT significantly improved after watching the video. Positive responses towards ECT increased from 67.09% to 75.72%. Participants in this study reported higher positive attitudes towards ECT than members of the general public before and after watching the intervention. Results indicated that the video educational intervention was effective in improving attitudes towards ECT for nursing graduates and medical students. While the video is promising as an educational tool, further research is required to explore the use of the video in reducing stigma for consumers and carers.
Robust irreversible investment strategy with ambiguity to jump and diffusion risk
Authors: Li Shuang , Wang Haijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper constructs a robust and irreversible investment rule applicable to a series of adjacent models. The project value follows a jump‐diffusion process and the investor exhibits complete ambiguity aversion or partial ambiguity aversion to the diffusion, jump amplitude, and jump frequency components. The impact of ambiguity aversion with respect to different components on the optimal investment strategy is examined. The investment decision is mainly driven by ambiguity aversion to the jump amplitude rather than frequency, and an increase in jump intensity leads to the greater importance of ambiguity aversion to jumps. We further show that ambiguity aversion regarding jumps plays a dominant role in determining the investment boundary for low volatility values, and the influence of ambiguity aversion to the diffusion part gradually outweighs that of ambiguity aversion to jumps as volatility grows.
Respiratory virus circulation during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) cohort
Authors: Fine Sydney R. , Bazzi Latifa A. , Callear Amy P. , Petrie Joshua G. , Malosh Ryan E. , Foster‐Tucker Joshua E. , Smith Matthew , Ibiebele Jessica , McDermott Adrian , Rolfes Melissa A. , Monto Arnold S. , Martin Emily T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe annual reappearance of respiratory viruses has been recognized for decades. COVID‐19 mitigation measures taken during the pandemic were targeted at respiratory transmission and broadly impacted the burden of acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs).MethodsWe used the longitudinal Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) cohort in southeast Michigan to characterize the circulation of respiratory viruses from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021, using RT‐PCR of respiratory specimens collected at illness onset. Participants were surveyed twice during the study period, and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were measured in serum by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Incidence rates of ARI reports and virus detections were compared between the study period and a preceding pre‐pandemic period of similar duration.ResultsOverall, 437 participants reported a total of 772 ARIs; 42.6% had respiratory viruses detected. Rhinoviruses were the most frequent virus, but seasonal coronaviruses, excluding SARS‐CoV‐2, were also common. Illness reports and percent positivity were lowest from May to August 2020, when mitigation measures were most stringent. Seropositivity for SARS‐CoV‐2 was 5.3% in summer 2020 and increased to 11.3% in spring 2021. The incidence rate of total reported ARIs for the study period was 50% lower (95% CI: 0.5, 0.6; p < 0.001) than the incidence rate from a pre‐pandemic comparison period (March 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017).ConclusionsThe burden of ARI in the HIVE cohort during the COVID‐19 pandemic fluctuated, with declines occurring concurrently with the widespread use of public health measures. Rhinovirus and seasonal coronaviruses continued to circulate even when influenza and SARS‐CoV‐2 circulation was low.