bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular mechanism of action of forsythiaside for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Xu Chunmei , Miao Huikai , Chen Xiaoxuan , Zhang Haiqing 
Published: January 2023

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) becomes the leading cause of death for end-stage renal disease, whereas the potential mechanism is unclear and effective therapy is still rare. Our study was designed to investigate the cellular mechanism of Forsythiaside against DKD.Materials and Methods: The targets of Forsythiaside and the DKD-related targets were obtained from databases. The overlapping targets in these two sets were regarded as potential targets for alleviation of DKD by Forsythiaside. The targets of diabetic podocytopathy and tubulopathy were also detected to clarify the mechanism of Forsythiaside ameliorating DKD from the cellular level.Results: Our results explored that PRKCA and RHOA were regarded as key therapeutic targets of Forsythiaside with excellent binding affinity for treating DKD podocytopathy. Enrichment analysis suggested the underlying mechanism was mainly focused on the oxidative stress and mTOR signaling pathway. The alleviated effects of Forsythiaside on the reactive oxidative species accumulation and PRKCA and RHOA proteins upregulation in podocytes were also confirmed.Conclusion: The present study elucidates that Forsythiaside exerts potential treatment against DKD which may act directly RHOA and PRKCA target by suppressing the oxidative stress pathway in podocytes. And Forsythiaside could be regarded as one of the candidate drugs dealing with DKD in future experimental or clinical researches.
Pharmacokinetics of active compounds of a Terminalia chebula Retz. Ethanolic extract after oral administration rats using UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Yao Guangzhe , Miao Xinxin , Wu Mengxuan , Lv Zhenguo , Bai Yu , Chang Yanxu , Ouyang Huizi , He Jun 
Published: January 2023

Terminalia chebula Retz. (TC) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine and rich in chemical components with multiple pharmacological effects. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and used to determine the blood concentrations of nine active compounds (chebulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, corilagin, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose, ellagic acid and ethyl gallate) after oral administration of TC extracts in rats. Pretreatment of plasma samples with protein precipitate with methanol was carried out, and caffeic acid was used as the internal standard (IS). Compounds precisions of intra- and inter-day were less than 14.6%, and the accuracy ranged from −11.7% to 13.5%. The extraction recoveries of compounds were between 84.9% and 108.4%, while matrix effects occurred between 86.4% and 115.9%. Stability tests showed that all nine analytes had been stable under four storage conditions, and statistically significant the relative standard deviations were under 13.7%. The validated UPLC-MS/MS method was applied with great success to plasma pharmacokinetics analysis of the TC extracts, and the pharmacokinetic results showed that among the nine components, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-tn), 231112.38 ± 64555.20 h ng/mL) and maximum concentration (Cmax, 4,983.57 ± 1721.53 ng/mL) of chebulagic acid were relatively large, which indicated that it had a higher level of plasma exposure. The half-life of elimination (T1/2) of chebulinic acid, corilagin and chebulagic acid were 43.30, 26.39 and 19.98 h, respectively, suggesting that these analytes showed prolonged retention and metabolize more slowly in vivo. This study would deliver a theoretical foundation for the further application of TC in clinical practice.
Genetic dissection of cassava brown streak disease in a genomic selection population
Authors: Nandudu Leah , Kawuki Robert , Ogbonna Alex , Kanaabi Michael , Jannink Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionCassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is a major threat to food security in East and central Africa. Breeding for resistance against CBSD is the most economical and sustainable way of addressing this challenge.
MethodsThis study seeks to assess the (1) performance of CBSD incidence and severity; (2) identify genomic regions associated with CBSD traits and (3) candidate genes in the regions of interest, in the Cycle 2 population of the National Crops Resources Research Institute.ResultsA total of 302 diverse clones were screened, revealing that CBSD incidence across growing seasons was 44%. Severity scores for both foliar and root symptoms ranged from 1.28 to 1.99 and 1.75 to 2.28, respectively across seasons. Broad sense heritability ranged from low to high (0.15 - 0.96), while narrow sense heritability ranged from low to moderate (0.03 - 0.61). Five QTLs, explaining approximately 19% phenotypic variation were identified for CBSD severity at 3 months after planting on chromosomes 1, 13, and 18 in the univariate GWAS analysis. Multivariate GWAS analysis identified 17 QTLs that were consistent with the univariate analysis including additional QTLs on chromosome 6. Seventy-seven genes were identified in these regions with functions such as catalytic activity, ATP-dependent activity, binding, response to stimulus, translation regulator activity, transporter activity among others.DiscussionThese results suggest variation in virulence in the C2 population, largely due to genetics and annotated genes in these QTLs regions may play critical roles in virus initiation and replication, thus increasing susceptibility to CBSD.
Suitable split nitrogen application increases grain yield and photosynthetic capacity in drip-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different water regimes in the North China Plain
Authors: Hamani Abdoul Kader Mounkaila , Abubakar Sunusi Amin , Si Zhuanyun , Kama Rakhwe , Gao Yang , Duan Aiwang 
Published: January 2023

Chemical fertilizer overuse is a major environmental threat, critically polluting soil and water resources. An optimization of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in association with various irrigation scheduling is a potential approach in this regard. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to assess the growth, yield and photosynthetic capacity of drip-irrigated winter wheat subjected to various split applications of urea (240 kg ha−1, 46% N). The eight treatments were, two irrigation scheduling and six N application modes in which, one slow-release fertilizer (SRF). Irrigation scheduling was based on the difference between actual crop evapotranspiration and precipitation (ETa-P). The two irrigation scheduling were I45 (Irrigation scheduling when ETa-P reaches 45 mm) and I30 (Irrigation scheduling when ETa-P reaches 30 mm). The six N levels were N0-100 (100% from jointing to booting), N25-75 (25% during sowing and 75% from jointing to booting), N50-50 (50% during sowing and 50% from jointing to booting), N75-25 (75% during sowing and 25% from jointing to booting), N100-0 (100% during sowing), and SRF100 (240 kg ha−1, 43% N during sowing). N top-dressing application significantly (P&lt;0.05) influenced wheat growth, aboveground biomass (ABM), grain yield (GY) and its components, photosynthetic and chlorophyll parameters, and plant nutrient content. According to the averages of the two winter wheat-growing seasons, the I45N50-50 and I45SRF100 treatments, respectively had the highest GY (9.83 and 9.5 t ha−1), ABM (19.91 and 19.79 t ha−1), net photosynthetic rate (35.92 and 34.59 µmol m−2s−1), stomatal conductance (1.387 and 1.223 mol m−2s−1), SPAD (69.33 and 64.03), and chlorophyll fluorescence FV/FM (8.901 and 8.922). The present study provided convincing confirmation that N applied equally in splits at basal-top-dressing rates could be a desirable N application mode under drip irrigation system and could economically compete with the costly SRF for winter wheat fertilization. The I45N50-50 treatment offers to farmers an option to sustain wheat production in the NCP.
Too much is too little: Estimating the optimal physical activity level for a healthy mental state
Authors: Shimura Akiyoshi , Masuya Jiro , Yokoi Katsunori , Morishita Chihiro , Kikkawa Masayuki , Nakajima Kazuki , Chen Chong , Nakagawa Shin , Inoue Takeshi 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAlthough physical activity and exercise are generally thought to have favorable effects on mental health, excessive physical activity may have unfavorable effects. In this study, the associations between physical activity and the states of mental health with U-shaped dose–response curves were hypothesized, and the ranges of physical activity resulting in optimal effects on mental health were investigated.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1,237 adult volunteers in 2017 and 2018. Of these volunteers, 526 participants validly answered the self-administered questionnaires asking about physical activity, depression, anxiety, resilience, insomnia vulnerability, and life events. A comparison of mental health measures by physical activity levels and quadratic equation model regressions were performed.ResultsNo significant linear associations between physical activity levels and mental health measurements were observed; however, the U-shaped, quadratic equation models indicated a significance. The following levels of physical activity per week optimized the mental health measurements values of the participants: 6,953 MET-minutes and 25.70 h for depression, 5,277 MET-minutes and 21.60 h for state anxiety, 5,678 MET-minutes and 22.58 h for trait anxiety, 25.41 h for resilience, and 9,152 MET-minutes and 31.17 h for insomnia vulnerability.ConclusionPhysical activities in the optimal range were associated with more favorable mental health measurements. Physical activities that were too much or too long and outside of the optimal range were associated with less favorable mental health measurements.
Non-antipsychotic medicines and modified electroconvulsive therapy are risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Yang Yan , Kong Di , Li Qiwen , Chen Wei , Zhao Guocheng , Tan Xi , Huang Xincheng , Zhang Zipeng , Feng Can , Xu Min , Wan Ying , Yang Mi 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundHospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) has a significant and detrimental impact on schizophrenia patients. Non-antipsychotic medicines and modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) are frequently used in conjunction with antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia. Whether non-antipsychotic medicines or MECT are risk factors for HAP in schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics is still unknown.MethodsPatients with schizophrenia who were admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu between January 2015 and April 2022 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Individuals with HAP were 1:1 matched to individuals without HAP (non-HAP) using propensity score matching (PSM). The risk factors for HAP were analyzed by comparing the two groups.ResultsA total of 7,085 schizophrenia patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 39.77 ± 14.45 years. 193 patients developed HAP on an average of 22.26 ± 21.68 days after admission with an incidence of 2.73%. After 1:1 PSM, 192 patients from each group (HAP and non-HAP) were included. The HAP group had significantly more patients with MECT and taking benzodiazepines, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and anti-parkinsonians both before and after PSM by Bonferroni correction (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, combined with antipsychotics, non-antipsychotic medicines including benzodiazepines (OR = 3.13, 95%CI = 1.95-5.03, P &lt; 0.001), mood stabilizers (OR =3.33, 95%CI =1.79–6.20, P &lt; 0.001) and MECT (OR =2.58, 95%CI =1.49–4.46, P = 0.001) were associated with a significantly increased incidence of HAP.ConclusionThe incidence of HAP in schizophrenia patients in our cohort was 2.73%. MECT and non-antipsychotic medicines, including benzodiazepines and mood stabilizers were risk factors for HAP in schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics.
Community health worker team integration in Medicaid managed care: Insights from a national study
Authors: Wennerstrom Ashley , Haywood Catherine G. , Smith Denise O. , Jindal Dakshu , Rush Carl , Wilkinson Geoffrey W. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionCommunity health workers (CHWs) have historically worked in community-based settings. Medicaid managed care organizations (MCOs) are integrating CHWs into their teams, largely to support social determinants of health. Little is known about how teams are structured in these environments or how CHWs and their supervisors perceive CHW roles in MCOs.MethodsIn 2021, two CHW professional associations and a university partnered to conduct a national cross-sectional survey of CHWs working with MCOs.ResultsA total of 146 CHWs representing 29 states and 55 supervisors working in 34 states completed the survey. Although two-thirds of supervisors said only a high school diploma or equivalent was required for hiring, over half of CHWs reported having a bachelors or graduate degree. The majority of CHWs (72.6%) and employers (80%) said CHWs receive training in core competencies. Under half of CHWs reported working with a registered nurse (RN) (45.8%) or social worker (43.8%), and about a third work with a behavioral health (36.3%) or primary care provider (33.6%). Among supervisors, 70.9% identified social workers as CHWs' team members and over half indicated CHW work with RNs (56.4%), behavioral health (54.5%) and primary care providers (52.7%). Over half of CHWs (52.1%) and roughly two thirds (63.6%) of supervisors indicated that CHWs use electronic health records. Roughly 85% of CHWs make referrals and roughly three quarters conduct social screenings. Around half of CHWs said they assist with care planning (54.1%), conduct health screenings (52.1%) or participate in case reviews (49.3%). About three quarters of CHWs (75.3%) and over two thirds of supervisors (67.3%) believed that CHWs are utilized to their full potential. Under three quarters of CHWs (72.6%) and over half of supervisors (54.4%) believe CHWs are equitably compensated for their work.DiscussionOverall, CHWs roles in MCOs appear to focus on supporting clinical care and making referrals for social issues, rather than addressing community-level concerns. Health plans should ensure that CHWs have the professional freedom to develop community-based solutions to common social needs. MCOs should also ensure that CHWs receive equitable compensation and ensure that CHWs have opportunities for promotion.
Two-year follow-up of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Loza Antonio , Wong-Chew Rosa María , Jiménez-Corona María-Eugenia , Zárate Selene , López Susana , Ciria Ricardo , Palomares Diego , García-López Rodrigo , Iša Pavel , Taboada Blanca , Rosales Mauricio , Boukadida Celia , Herrera-Estrella Alfredo , Mojica Nelly Selem , Rivera-Gutierrez Xaira , Muñoz-Medina José Esteba , Salas-Lais Angel Gustavo , Sanchez-Flores Alejandro , Vazquez-Perez Joel Armando , Arias Carlos F. , Gutiérrez-Ríos Rosa María 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAfter the initial outbreak in China (December 2019), the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. This paper aims to describe the first 2 years of the pandemic in Mexico.Design and methodsThis is a population-based longitudinal study. We analyzed data from the national COVID-19 registry to describe the evolution of the pandemic in terms of the number of confirmed cases, hospitalizations, deaths and reported symptoms in relation to health policies and circulating variants. We also carried out logistic regression to investigate the major risk factors for disease severity.ResultsFrom March 2020 to March 2022, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Mexico underwent four epidemic waves. Out of 5,702,143 confirmed cases, 680,063 were hospitalized (11.9%), and 324,436 (5.7%) died. Even if there was no difference in susceptibility by gender, males had a higher risk of death (CFP: 7.3 vs. 4.2%) and hospital admission risk (HP: 14.4 vs. 9.5%). Severity increased with age. With respect to younger ages (0–17 years), the 60+ years or older group reached adjusted odds ratios of 9.63 in the case of admission and 53.05 (95% CI: 27.94–118.62) in the case of death. The presence of any comorbidity more than doubled the odds ratio, with hypertension-diabetes as the riskiest combination. While the wave peaks increased over time, the odds ratios for developing severe disease (waves 2, 3, and 4 to wave 1) decreased to 0.15 (95% CI: 0.12–0.18) in the fourth wave.ConclusionThe health policy promoted by the Mexican government decreased hospitalizations and deaths, particularly among older adults with the highest risk of admission and death. Comorbidities augment the risk of developing severe illness, which is shown to rise by double in the Mexican population, particularly for those reported with hypertension-diabetes. Factors such as the decrease in the severity of the SARS-CoV2 variants, changes in symptomatology, and advances in the management of patients, vaccination, and treatments influenced the decrease in mortality and hospitalizations.
The impact of internet use on old-age support patterns of middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Gao Lifei , Wang Guojun , Hu Baibao 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe trend towards low fertility and low mortality is prominant worldwide. The accelerating ageing and the pressure on public pensions are making the “dependent pattern of old-age support”, which relies on family and government, unsustainable. It is urgent for people to change their mindset about ageing and to develop a sense of “relying on themselves for oldage support”.MethodsThis study incorporates the commercial pension insurance, formal care and the attitude towards independent old-age support pattern into the framework of “independent pattern of old-age support”, using the probit regression model and instrumental variables approach to examine the impact of internet use on old-age support patterns of middleaged and older people based on the CGSS 2012–2018 five-period data.ResultsThe more frequent internet use increased the likelihood of purchasing commercial pension insurance, accepting formal care, and endorsing independence in later life. The internet can promote the acceptance of independent pattern of old-age support by delivering information and facilitating social interaction.DiscussionConsistent with previous research, this study finds that internet use can promote the purchase of commercial pension insurance. There are no relevant studies on the impact of internet use on formal care and attitude towards independent old-age support pattern. Our finding provides important empirical and theoretical references for ageing countries to further transform old-age support patterns.
Distinctive response of thermospheric cooling to ICME and CIR-driven geomagnetic storms
Authors: Bag Tikemani , Rout Diptiranjan , Ogawa Y. , Singh Vir 
Published: January 2023

The temporal response of thermospheric CO2 and NO cooling emissions is investigated during ICME and CIR-driven geomagnetic storms by using data from the SABER instrument onboard the TIMED, GRACE, and DMSP satellites. The superposed epoch analysis reveals that the cooling emissions experience a strong enhancement and quick recovery to pre-event value within 3–4 days during CME storms. Whereas, it shows slower recovery that lasts for more than 6–7 days during CIR-driven storms. We performed detailed study of NO cooling emission owing to the fact that the production of NO depends on the external energy input. The different response of thermospheric NO cooling during CME and CIR storms can be attributed to differences in precipitation of particle (electron and ion) fluxes. A strong correlation with a positive timelag is observed between NO cooling emission and Dst index, coupling functions and particle flux. Further, the correlation between NO cooling flux and particle flux displays a distinct and stronger correlation during CIR storms as compared to CME. This study also shows that the Newell coupling function (normalized cross-correlation, r = 0.90 for CME and r = 0.92 for CIR) and the Akasofu parameter (r = 0.92 for CME, r = 0.76 for CIR) are better correlated with NO cooling flux, respectively, during CIR- and ICME-driven storms.
Electrolyte imbalances and dehydration play a key role in Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans chytridiomycosis
Authors: Sheley Wesley C. , Gray Matthew J. , Wilber Mark Q. , Cray Carolyn , Carter E. Davis , Miller Debra L. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionOne of the most important emerging infectious diseases of amphibians is caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Bsal was recently discovered and is of global concern due to its potential to cause high mortality in amphibians, especially salamander species. To date, little has been reported on the pathophysiological effects of Bsal; however, studies of a similar fungus, B. dendrobatidis (Bd), have shown that electrolyte losses and immunosuppression likely play a key role in morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. The goal of this study was to investigate pathophysiological effects and immune responses associated with Bsal chytridiomycosis using 49 rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) as the model species.MethodsTaricha granulosa were exposed to a 1 × 107 per 10 mL dose of Bsal zoospores and allowed to reach various stages of disease progression before being humanely euthanized. At the time of euthanasia, blood was collected for biochemical and hematological analyses as well as protein electrophoresis. Ten standardized body sections were histologically examined, and Bsal-induced skin lesions were counted and graded on a scale of 1–5 based on severity.ResultsResults indicated that electrolyte imbalances and dehydration induced by damage to the epidermis likely play a major role in the pathogenesis of Bsal chytridiomycosis in this species. Additionally, Bsal-infected, clinically diseased T. granulosa exhibited a systemic inflammatory response identified through alterations in complete blood counts and protein electrophoretograms.DiscussionOverall, these results provide foundational information on the pathogenesis of this disease and highlight the differences and similarities between Bsal and Bd chytridiomycosis.