bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription patterns of P2Y12 inhibitors following revascularization in the United States: 2013–2018
Authors: Kumar Arun , Lutsey Pamela L. , St. Peter Wendy L. , Schommer Jon C. , Van’t Hof Jeremy R. , Rajpurohit Abhijeet , Farley Joel F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractP2Y12 inhibitors (i.e., clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor) are effective at reducing adverse cardiovascular outcomes post‐revascularization in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the choice of a specific P2Y12 inhibitor may vary according to the patient's characteristics, and trends in the use of different P2Y12 inhibitors are not well studied in real‐world settings. The objective of this study is to determine trends in the prescription patterns of P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with CAD. We studied 137,073 patients with CAD cross‐sectionally using the IBM MarketScan database (2013–2018). Patients with CAD prescribed P2Y12 inhibitors within 14 days of index revascularization were included to compare the utilization of P2Y12 inhibitors based on age and clinical characteristics. There were differences in prescription patterns by age. Among patients aged less than or equal to 65 years (N = 92,734), a continuously increased utilization of ticagrelor was observed from 13.7% to 45.6% replacing clopidogrel as the most prescribed medication by 2018. Similarly, ticagrelor was the choice of drug among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Among the patients at high bleeding risk, clopidogrel remained the most prescribed medication with use in 50.6% of patients in 2018 in patients aged less than or equal to 65 years. Contrarily, among the older adults with age 65 or above (N = 44,339), although ticagrelor use increased with time, clopidogrel remained the most utilized drug and was used by 66.2% of patients in 2018. Additionally, clopidogrel was the preferred medication among patients with stroke history. With the increasing use of ticagrelor in real‐world practice, further research is needed to observe its impact on cardiovascular outcomes.
Causal Effect of the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration on Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Lee Keon-Joo , Kim Hakyung , Lee Soo Ji , Duperron Marie-Gabrielle , Debette Stéphanie , Bae Hee-Joon , Sung Joohon 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Previous observational studies reported that a lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration is associated with a higher burden of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). The causality of this association is uncertain, but it would be clinically important, given that 25(OH)D can be a target for intervention. We tried to examine the causal effect of 25(OH)D concentration on cSVD-related phenotypes using a Mendelian randomization approach.

METHODS:
Genetic instruments for each serum 25(OH)D concentration and cSVD-related phenotypes (lacunar stroke, white matter hyperintensity, cerebral microbleeds, and perivascular spaces) were derived from large-scale genome-wide association studies. We performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses with multiple post hoc sensitivity analyses. A bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach was also used to explore the possibility of reverse causation.

RESULTS:
We failed to find any significant causal effect of 25(OH)D concentration on cSVD-related phenotypes (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.00 [0.87–1.16], 1.01 [0.96–1.07], 1.06 [0.85–1.33], 1.00 [0.97–1.03], 1.02 [0.99–1.04], 1.01 [0.99–1.04] for lacunar stroke, white matter hyperintensity, cerebral microbleeds, and white matter, basal ganglia, hippocampal perivascular spaces, respectively). These results were reproduced in the sensitivity analyses accounting for genetic pleiotropy. Conversely, when we examined the effects of cSVD phenotypes on 25(OH)D concentration, cerebral microbleeds were negatively associated with 25(OH)D concentration (0.94 [0.92–0.96]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Given the adequate statistical power (>0.8) of the analyses, our findings suggest that the previously reported association between 25(OH)D concentration and cSVD phenotypes might not be causal and partly attributed to reverse causation.
Measles virus and cytomegalovirus co-infection, in a child with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, during COVID-19 pandemic: a case report
Authors: Piccirilli Giulia , Gennari Monia , Gabrielli Liliana , Leone Marta , Borgatti Eva Caterina , Cantiani Alessia , Lanna Federica , Magurano Fabio , Baggieri Melissa , Marangoni Antonella , Lanari Marcello , Lazzarotto Tiziana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMeasles virus (MV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) may cause pediatric infection. We report the first described case of MV and CMV co-infection in an unvaccinated 13-mo-old girl, with a recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, occurred during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic context, combined with patient’s complex clinical scenario, presenting symptoms as persistent fever, diarrhea, vomiting, maculopapular rash and edema, in addition to high level of inflammatory markers, led to a suspicion of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The final diagnosis and the successfully management of the case, discharged after resolution of symptoms, was achieved by a proper virological diagnosis and a close two-way cooperation between pediatricians and clinical microbiologists. The report mainly highlights that awareness about measles should be raised in unvaccinated patients with consistent symptoms, even in the COVID-19 era.
Short Communication: Plants used by Sundanese mothers for maternal care in a rural village in Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: OKTAVIA DINA , ADNANI QORINAH ESTININGTYAS SAKILAH , GUMILANG LANI , NOVIANTI EVI , SUNARDI SUNARDI 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Oktavia D, Adnani QES, Gumilang L, Novianti E, Sunardi. 2023. Short Communication: Plants used by Sundanese mothers for maternal care in a rural village in Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3568-3573. Traditional beliefs and plants are pivotal during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Little is known of Sundanese, a small ethnic group whose traditions and use of plants facilitate easier pregnancy, birth, and postpartum recovery. This study aimed to determine the traditional beliefs and types of plants used by Sundanese mothers of Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. Individual interviews using structured questions were conducted to collect socio-demography data and gather information on traditional beliefs and the use of plants concerning pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. Purposive and snowball sampling was employed to enroll women of reproductive age who were either pregnant at the time of the study or had recently given birth and were postpartum. Data were collected from 119 Sundanese women. These women frequently used 25 different medicinal plant species from 21 families to treat various conditions that arise during pregnancy and childbirth. The Zingiberaceae plant family was observed to be the most commonly used, with leaves being the most frequently utilized plant part. Decoction and cooking were reported as the most favored remedy preparation. The most effective plants during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum were Cocos nucifera L., Cocos nucifera L., and Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr., respectively. Therefore, to promote sustainable women's health in rural areas, the current findings highlight the necessity for conservation efforts and further studies on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of frequently used food and medicinal plants.
Dyslipidemia paradox: Analysis from the veterans exercise testing study
Authors: Vainshelboim Baruch , Myers Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

Background
Dyslipidemia is a well-established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, although its association with mortality is less clear. This study aimed to assess the association between established dyslipidemia criteria [National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults [Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III] and all-cause mortality in men.

Methods
Prospective cohort study of 1,479 men aged 59.7±10.7 years was conducted between 1987 and 2012. At baseline, dyslipidemia markers of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were assessed as an exposure. Cox proportional hazard models were analyzed adjusting for conventional health risk factors using all-cause mortality as an outcome.

Results
Mean and standard deviations of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were 199.5±45.2, 149.4±47.4 and 44.3±12.2 mg/dL, respectively. During 8.9±4.5 years follow-up, 284 participants died. Compared to TC <200 mg/dL, levels of 200–239 mg/dL and ≥240 mg/dL were associated with 13% [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.87, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (0.66–1.1)] and 37% [HR = 0.63, 95% CI (0.44–0.92)] lower risks of mortality (p trend = 0.048), respectively. Compared to LDL-C <130 mg/dL, levels of 130–189 mg/dL and ≥190 mg/dL were associated with 26% [HR = 0.74, 95% CI (0.57–0.97)] and 32% [HR = 0.68, 95% CI (0.48–0.98)] lower risks of mortality (p trend = 0.044), respectively. Mean survival time was 0.9 to 1.9 years longer with higher TC and LDL-C categories (both p = 0.001). HDL-C was not associated with mortality.

Conclusion
In reference to established dyslipidemia criteria, this study showed that higher TC and LDL-C were independently and paradoxically associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and longer survival time in men. Along with previous reports, these novel findings support a rigorous reevaluation of evidence on dyslipidemia and health risks. Systematic review and meta-analysis are warranted for evidence-based recommendations on dyslipidemia for primary and secondary prevention of CVD.
Problems of domestic school natural science education, patriotism promotion and their influence on the training of medical professionals
Authors: Bogdanov N. A. , Aniskina A. P. 
Published: July 2023

Aim. To identify problems of domestic natural science education and patriotism promotion (as a motivational personality component), which negatively affect the professional training of health professionals.Material and methods. When working on the article, we used the following methods: theoretical — analysis of modern legal documents of secondary general education, analysis of recommended educational literature on subjects, and empirical — analysis of the experience of biology teachers in modern conditions according to the recommended programs of disciplines and standards; analysis of the results of the Unified State Exam (USE) for 2021-2022 and scientific generalization.Results. An analysis of the main problems of natural science education at the present time is presented. The authors consider the most significant of them to be a change in the content of school education, an unacceptable reduction in hours for natural science disciplines, ignoring the domestic tradition and didactic principles of science and systematization, practical experience accumulated by domestic teachers and methodologists in the preparation of programs and textbooks. The reasons for the lack of special knowledge and objective thinking in a large part of students are considered, which is confirmed by the USE for the period 2015-2022. It is pointed out that it is practically impossible to carry out a systematic mastering of the content of an educational subject and the development of mental skills, based on modern textbooks. The combination of these problems has led to a decrease in the development and educational potential of the natural sciences and the quality of education in general.Conclusion. The article suggests possible ways to overcome this undesirable trend, substantiates the need to rethink the importance of school science education as a resource for the development of science, the national economy, medicine and the defense industry. There is a need to create an "image of the future" among students as a system-forming factor in the social and cultural development of Russian society.
A leafy thief that steals chloroplasts but cannot keep them
Authors: Laetz Elise , Palau Laia Burgués 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The ability to steal functional chloroplasts from algae and retain them as endosymbionts is unique in the animal kingdom, found only in some sacoglossan sea slugs and a few species of rhabdocoel flatworms (Trench 1969, van Steenkiste et al., 2019). This ability has been termed functional kleptoplasty (Rumpho, et al., 2011). In sacoglossan slugs, kleptoplasts (stolen chloroplasts) are obtained directly from their algal food. Using a radular tooth, the slug pierces algal cells and sucks out the cytoplasm (Jensen, 1980). The chloroplasts are isolated from the rest of the algal cytoplasm and retained in digestive gland epithelial cells (Trench 1969).
Working condition recogition of fused magnesium furnace based on stochastic configuration networks and reinforcement learning
Authors: Li Weitao , Guan Shuzhi , Zhang Qian , Sun Wei , Li Qiyue 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Automatic and accurate detection of abnormal working conditions of fused magnesia furnace is of great significance to the safe and reliable production of fused magnesia. Aiming at the defects of manual judgment of abnormal working conditions in the production process of fused magnesium furnace and the existing recogition method of abnormal working conditions based on machine learning. This paper proposes a working condition recogition model of fused magnesium furnace based on stochastic configuration networks and reinforcement learning. Firstly, a hybrid data augmentation method of generative and non-generative is used to obtain high-quality sample data with salient features. Secondly, based on ResNeXt, multi-scale local features are extracted under the condition of limited parameter quantity by controlling the cardinality. Combining the mixed attention and weighted bidirectional feature pyramid mechanism, the extracted local feature maps of different scales are cross-scale fused and focused, and more differentiated detailed feature information of the region of interest is retained. Thirdly, based on Transformer, the multi-modal working condition recognition network of fused magnesium furnace is constructed, and the global correlation between adjacent local features is improved in the spatial dimension. Send the fused complete features to the SCNs to establish a classification criterion for abnormal working conditions of the fused magnesium furnace with generalization ability and global approximation ability. Finally, reinforcement learning is used to evaluate the credibility of uncertain recognition results of samples in real time, and a self-optimizing adjustment action strategy at the Transformer encoding layer is defined. Build a Transformer model library with different encoding layer to adapt to the completely different feature extraction requirements of multi-modal 1 working samples. The experimental results show that the method in this paper has better recognition accuracy and generalization ability than other algorithms.
Dual arterial Phase acquisition Based on united Compressed Sensing Technology of MRI Provides Good Hepatic arteries display and optimal Late arterial Phase
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Wentao , Sheng Ruofan , Chen Caizhong , Wen Xixi , Zeng Mengsu , Rao Sheng-xiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the application of equivalent voxel dual arterial phase (AP) sequence in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the liver arteries display and optimal capture of late AP.
Material and Methods: A total of 190 patients enrolled in our study were randomly divided into two cohorts. The equivalent voxel dual AP acquisition based on the unified compressed sensing (uCS) technique was performed in a cohort of 94 patients, and the single AP based on T1-weighted gradient echo acquisition was performed in 96 patients. The successful capturing rates of late AP and evaluations of the display of hepatic arteries were compared between the dual AP and single AP cohorts.
Results: The image quality of liver arteries in the dual AP cohort was mostly higher than that in the conventional single AP cohort. In the first arterial sequence of dual AP imaging, early AP was observed in 76 (80.9%) patients, and late AP was observed in 18 (19.1%) patients. In the second arterial sequence of dual AP, the late AP was observed in 97.9% (92/94) of the patients, and the portal venous phase was observed in 2.1% (2/94). The capture rate of optimal late AP in dual AP was 100%, which was significantly higher than that of single AP (84.3%, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The dual AP acquisition based on uCS can provide a high image quality of hepatic arteries and optimal late AP.
Improving the Interior Ballistics Process by Using Charges of Propellant Grains Obtained Through Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Noja Gabriel-Flavius , Mărmureanu Marius-Ionuţ , Malciu Adrian , Rotariu Adrian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper is presented a method for solving the interior ballistics model when is used a charge of propellant grains composed of different energetic materials and obtained through additive manufacturing. Starting from the premise that the burning of these types of propellant grains is carried out in several phases, at different moments of time and using a more vivacious propellants for secondary phases, leads to a good approximation of the ideal ballistic cycle which represents a rapid increase of the pressure up to the maximum value and maintaining it until the entire propellant charge is completely burned.
Identification of Aquifer and Pumped Well Parameters Using the Data Hidden in Non-Linear Losses
Authors: Urumović Kosta , Terzić Josip , Kopić Jasna , Kosović Ivan 
Published: July 2023

During the pumping of wells, the groundwater level drawdown, as measured in the pumped well, is increased by non-linear losses caused by the water flow velocity through the well screens. This undermines the adequacy of the direct use of the measured drawdown data in the well for the purpose of the realistic identification of the effective well radius and aquifer parameters. This anomaly is avoided by reshaping the drawdown function into a function of the specific drawdown sw/Q of the pumped well. This reshaping simplifies the exclusion of non-linear losses from the sequence of measured data of the water level in the well at the position of the effective radius of the pumped well. Combining the data of linear losses and the respective pumping rate of the pumped well, a function of the specific drawdown of the radial flow sw/Q was formed. This function describes the aquifer parameter relations during the respective test pumping. A consistent sequence of the function of the specific drawdown sw/Q of the pumped well reveals the actual value of the coefficient of nonlinear losses. Moreover, the specific drawdown function enables the reliable estimation of aquifer transmissivity using only the pumped well drawdown data.
Deformation of large stones masonry.
Authors: Obozov V. I. , Ponomarev O. I. , Ivanova A. Yu. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction. The paper investigates the stress-strain state of masonry walls made of large ceramic stones with dry vertical tongue and groove joints.Aim: to study the distribution of vertical stresses in masonry of large ceramic stones with vertical tongue and groove joints not filled with mortar.Materials and methods. The study was performed on the model of the wall section. Numerical study of the stress state of the wall masonry at a concentrated load was carried out for masonry with chain bond. The wall fragment was modeled by solid finite elements.Results. It was found that under a concentrated load, the deformable zone has the form of a triangle with a vertex under load and expanding as it moves away from the load point. Based on the studies conducted, the authors of the paper have proposed an approximate method for determining compression stresses in masonry stones with chain bond. When the load is concentrated, the zone of distribution of compressive stresses in the masonry has the form of a triangle. The study established the characteristics of the distribution of compressive stresses in chain masonry of walls made of large stones with dry vertical joints at a concentrated load.Conclusions. The study shows that the existing methods of calculating solid masonry are not suitable for calculating masonry with dry vertical tongue and groove joints because the latter comprise a discrete-continual system.
Update of the interstate standard “Reinforced concrete slabs for tramway track pavements”
Authors: Sokolov B. S. , Titaev V. A. , Cherny I. A. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Development of urban public transport networks in Russian cities involves modernization and improvement of rail transport to increase its traveling comfort, carrying capacity and reliability. Tram transport is environmentally friendly and has a high passenger capacity. The combination as well as the intersection of rail and pneumatic transport in the urban environment is considered to be an urgent issue. In this regard, State Standard 19231 “Reinforced concrete slabs for tramway track pavements. Specifications” is needed to be revised and updated due to changes in the requirements for concrete and emergence of new classes of steel reinforcement.Aim. To update State Standard 19231 in order to bring products for tram infrastructure to the proper regulatory and technological parameters in compliance with current requirements.Materials and methods. The present study involves an analysis of existing regulatory documents in the field of reinforced concrete materials and products, as well as a bibliographical research of works and expert opinions.Results. Updating the standard resulted in the establishment of specifications that meet the current demand, both in terms of regulations and scientific research.Conclusions. The updated interstate State Standard 19231 will contribute to a higher quality design and production of reinforced concrete slabs for tramway pavements, which will surely enhance their reliability and durability.