bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of opioid and β‐adrenergic receptors in bladder underactivity induced by prolonged pudendal nerve stimulation in cats
Authors: Pintauro Michael , Jian Jianan , Wang Jicheng , Shen Bing , Scolieri Joseph , Madhavaram Avanish , Chermansky Christopher , Beckel Jonathan , de Groat William C. , Tai Changfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine the role of opioid and β‐adrenergic receptors in bladder underactivity induced by prolonged pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS).MethodsIn α‐chloralose anesthetized cats, 30‐min PNS was applied repeatedly for 3–9 times to induce poststimulation or persistent bladder underactivity. Then, naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg, IV) or propranolol (β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist, 3 mg/kg, IV) was given to reverse the bladder underactivity. After the drug treatment, an additional 30‐min PNS was applied to counteract the drug effect. Repeated cystometrograms were performed by slowly (1–2 mL/min) infusing the bladder with saline via a urethral catheter to determine the bladder underactivity and the treatment effects.ResultsProlonged (2–4.5 h) PNS induced bladder underactivity evident as a large bladder capacity (169 ± 49% of control) and a reduced amplitude of bladder contraction (59 ± 17% of control). Naloxone fully reversed the bladder underactivity by reducing bladder capacity to 113 ± 58% and increasing the amplitude of bladder contraction to 104 ± 34%. After administration of naloxone an additional 30‐min PNS temporarily increased the bladder capacity to the underactive bladder level (193 ± 74%) without changing the amplitude of the bladder contraction. Propranolol had no effect on bladder underactivity.ConclusionsA tonic enkephalinergic inhibitory mechanism in the CNS plays a critical role in the bladder underactivity induced by prolonged PNS, while the peripheral β‐adrenergic receptor mechanism in the detrusor is not involved. This study provides basic science evidence consistent with the clinical observation that comorbid opioid usage may contribute to voiding dysfunction in patients with Fowler's syndrome.
Caregiver fear of cancer recurrence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of quantitative studies
Authors: Webb Kyra , Sharpe Louise , Butow Phyllis , Dhillon Haryana , Zachariae Robert , Tauber Nina Møller , O’Toole Mia Skytte , Shaw Joanne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is reported by both cancer survivors and caregivers however less is known about caregiver FCR. This study aimed to (a) conduct a meta‐analysis to compare survivor and caregiver FCR levels; (b) examine the relationship between caregiver FCR and depression, and anxiety; (c) evaluate psychometric properties of caregiver FCR measures.MethodsCINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO and PubMed were searched for quantitative research examining caregiver FCR. Eligibility criteria included caregivers caring for a survivor with any type of cancer, reporting on caregiver FCR and/or measurement, published in English‐language, peer‐review journals between 1997 and November 2022. The COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) taxonomy was used to evaluate content and psychometric properties. The review was pre‐registered (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020201906).ResultsOf 4297 records screened, 45 met criteria for inclusion. Meta‐analysis revealed that caregivers reported FCR levels as high as FCR amongst survivors, with around 48% of caregivers reporting clinically significant FCR levels. There was a strong correlation between anxiety and depression and medium correlation with survivor FCR. Twelve different instruments were used to measure caregiver FCR. Assessments using the COSMIN taxonomy revealed few instruments had undergone appropriate development and psychometric testing. Only one instrument met 50% or more of the criteria, indicating substantial development or validation components were missing in most.ConclusionsResults suggest FCR is as often a problem for caregivers as it is for survivors. As in survivors, caregiver FCR is associated with more severe depression and anxiety. Caregiver FCR measurement has predominately relied on survivor conceptualisations and unvalidated measures. More caregiver‐specific research is urgently needed.
How extreme failure‐data filtering leads to poor process safety
Authors: Goble William M. , van Beurden Iwan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper describes both appropriate and inappropriate practices of filtering field failure data (FFD) prior to using the resulting failure count from the failure data to estimate failure rates. The underlying causes of inappropriate (extreme) filtering of FFD are examined, and the consequences (poor process safety) are discussed. An example is presented illustrating the benefits of using all real failures discovered in the field in the estimation of failure rates based on FFD.
A quantitative deployment scheme of hazardous gas detector
Authors: Jiang Ye , Qian Hanxiao , Xu Caifa , Dong Feibiao , Liu Jian , Jiang Zhaoneng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA hazardous gas detector is an important guarantee for detecting hazardous chemical gas leakage sites, and the traditional detector deployment scheme is inefficient. In this paper, we propose a quantitative deployment scheme of gas detectors by considering various factors that affect gas leakage. First, the leakage scene variables, including leakage source variables and environmental variables, are set. Then, a quantitative deployment model of gas detectors is established to avoid the impact of low‐probability, high‐risk scenes. Then, the artificial bee colony algorithm is improved to solve the model. Finally, the deployment scheme is evaluated from the perspective of economic benefits and risks. The original scheme of a certain chemical industry park is compared with the optimized scheme proposed in this paper. The results show that the cumulative risk value of the optimized scheme is much lower.
Neural network‐based optical flow versus traditional optical flow techniques with thermal aerial imaging in real‐world settings
Authors: Nguyen Tran Xuan Bach , Rosser Kent , Perera Asanka , Moss Philip , Chahl Javaan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study explores the feasibility of optical flow‐based neural network from real‐world thermal aerial imagery. While traditional optical flow techniques have shown adequate performance, sparse techniques do not work well during cold‐soaked low‐contrast conditions, and dense algorithms are more accurate in low‐contrast conditions but suffer from the aperture problem in some scenes. On the other hand, optical flow from convolutional neural networks has demonstrated good performance with strong generalization from several synthetic public data set benchmarks. Ground truth was generated from real‐world thermal data estimated with traditional dense optical flow techniques. The state‐of‐the‐art Recurrent All‐Pairs Field Transform for the Optical Flow model was trained with both color synthetic data and the captured real‐world thermal data across various thermal contrast conditions. The results showed strong performance of the deep‐learning network against established sparse and dense optical flow techniques in various environments and weather conditions, at the cost of higher computational demand.
Predicting soil fungal communities from chemical and physical properties
Authors: Bodenhausen Natacha , Hess Julia , Valzano Alain , Deslandes‐Hérold Gabriel , Waelchli Jan , Furrer Reinhard , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. , Schlaeppi Klaus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionBiogeography describes spatial patterns of diversity and explains why organisms occur in given conditions. While it is well established that the diversity of soil microbes is largely controlled by edaphic environmental variables, microbiome community prediction from soil properties has received less attention. In this study, we specifically investigated whether it is possible to predict the composition of soil fungal communities based on physicochemical soil data using multivariate ordination.Materials and MethodsWe sampled soil from 59 arable fields in Switzerland and assembled paired data of physicochemical soil properties as well as profiles of soil fungal communities. Fungal communities were characterized using long‐read sequencing of the entire ribosomal internal transcribed spacer. We used redundancy analysis to combine the physical and chemical soil measurements with the fungal community data.ResultsWe identified a reduced set of 10 soil properties that explained fungal community composition. Soil properties with the strongest impact on the fungal community included pH, potassium and sand content. Finally, we evaluated the model for its suitability for prediction using leave‐one‐out validation. The prediction of community composition was successful for most soils, and only 3/59 soils could not be well predicted (Pearson correlation coefficients between observed and predicted communities of <0.5). Further, we successfully validated our prediction approach with a publicly available data set. With both data sets, prediction was less successful for soils characterized by very unique properties or diverging fungal communities, while it was successful for soils with similar characteristics and microbiome.ConclusionsReliable prediction of microbial communities from chemical soil properties could bypass the complex and laborious sequencing‐based generation of microbiota data, thereby making soil microbiome information available for agricultural purposes such as pathogen monitoring, field inoculation or yield projections.
Markov‐modulated marked Poisson processes for modeling disease dynamics based on medical claims data
Authors: Mews Sina , Surmann Bastian , Hasemann Lena , Elkenkamp Svenja 
Published: June 2023

We explore Markov‐modulated marked Poisson processes (MMMPPs) as a natural framework for modeling patients' disease dynamics over time based on medical claims data. In claims data, observations do not only occur at random points in time but are also informative, that is, driven by unobserved disease levels, as poor health conditions usually lead to more frequent interactions with the health care system. Therefore, we model the observation process as a Markov‐modulated Poisson process, where the rate of health care interactions is governed by a continuous‐time Markov chain. Its states serve as proxies for the patients' latent disease levels and further determine the distribution of additional data collected at each observation time, the so‐called marks. Overall, MMMPPs jointly model observations and their informative time points by comprising two state‐dependent processes: the observation process (corresponding to the event times) and the mark process (corresponding to event‐specific information), which both depend on the underlying states. The approach is illustrated using claims data from patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modeling their drug use and the interval lengths between consecutive physician consultations. The results indicate that MMMPPs are able to detect distinct patterns of health care utilization related to disease processes and reveal interindividual differences in the state‐switching dynamics.
Introduction: Digital Methods and Experiential Approaches to the Past
Authors: Landeschi Giacomo , Betts Eleanor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors introduce the theme of computational/digital methods in the realm of sensory archaeologies. To this purpose, the concept of sensoriality and its relevance for the archaeological discourse is rediscussed. Key concepts such as perception of material culture help us in better defining possible modalities through which archaeologists can benefit from the use of formal methods to answer questions related to the relationship between ancient space and its original inhabitants. In this context, recent advances in the field of computational methods can now provide a significant contribution to the development of ‘digitally mediated’ sensory archaeologies.
More than Modal? Exploring Affect, Affordance, Invitation and Solicitation
Authors: Eve Stuart , Gillings Mark 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to make a strong case for the adoption of a radically different approach to the archaeology of the senses. This is an approach that focuses not on what is sensed per se (or any ingenious mapping or digital representation of such) but instead the emergentaffectsthat may have arisen in any given sensory encounter, and the impact(s) of such on the assemblage of individuals, things, animals, environments, landscape elements, memories, expectations and anticipations (to name but a few) that were bound up within it. This is not to say that we should abandon attempts to, for example, delineate, visualise, map and analyse what could be seen, heard or smelled. Instead, it is to stress that such efforts should always be treated as a means-to-an-end and never taken as definitive end-products. In the discussion that follows, we build the theoretical framework needed to effect such a re-orientation, drawing upon affect theory and notions of relational capacity and affordance. We then go on to demonstrate the value of this through a case study involving the mapping and exploration of visibility and foreground the unique (yet largely untapped) interpretative potential of virtual, mixed and augmented reality approaches to move beyond mere representation, to instead evoke affects directly.
Exploring Fragmented Data: Environments, People and the Senses in Virtual Reality
Authors: Sciuto Claudia , Foka Anna , Lindmark Mattis , Robertsson Jim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTaking into consideration that archaeologists and historians are today more frequently encouraged to think in terms of digital transduction of historical materials, this chapter focuses on the potentials and pitfalls of ‘visualizing’ ‘recreating’ and ‘re-enacting/experiencing the senses’ in Virtual Reality (thereon VR) environments. More precisely, we focus on the very idea of sensory immersion for archaeological enquiry, research, study and dissemination. This chapter draws upon four VR projects at Humlab, Umeå University. The first is an example of using archaeological data for supporting the interpretation process in a Mesolithic site, environment from GIS to an immersive platform. The second is a result of collaborative work with the project ancient dance modern dancers (Slaney et al. 2018) in capturing the intangible art of Roman Pantomime in the theatre of Pompeii on Virtual Reality. The third is the implementation of interactive tools for an immersive study of photogrammetric models of medieval rock-cut settlements while the fourth is an assessment of the implementation of VR Google Earth in teaching ancient topography for undergraduate archaeology students. We show how important and interesting research is made in the process of tool experimentation and tool development.
History and Ecology of Malaria in the Caucasus
Authors: Hirschfeld Katherine , de Beurs Kirsten , Brayfield Brad , Melkonyan-Gottschalk Ani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the history of malaria in the Caucasus. Devastating epidemics ofPlasmodium vivax(P. vivax) were quite common during the early decades of the twentieth century. Aggressive Soviet public health measures helped control outbreaks but the disease persisted until the pesticide DDT became available in the 1950s. As the Soviet Union entered its later years the expansion of the informal economy facilitated a return to a more traditional ethnic and kinship-based social order in the Caucasus. These developments were particularly noticeable in Karabakh due to its unique geography as an Armenian enclave inside the political territory of Azerbaijan.By the late 1980s, ethnic separatism combined with communal violence to generate outflows of refugees and prolonged interruptions in public health prevention and vector control programs.
The Karabakh Conflict, 1988–1994
Authors: Hirschfeld Katherine , de Beurs Kirsten , Brayfield Brad , Melkonyan-Gottschalk Ani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a chronological overview of the Karabakh conflict, beginning with the development of ethnic violence in the late 1980s and continuing through the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. The initial phase of unrest in Karabakh was met with Soviet military aggression, particularly against Armenian villages that were known to support separatists. Thousands of Armenian and Azeri refugees fled Karabakh and relocated to urban areas where their stories of persecution stoked retaliatory violence. As Soviet power began to wane, military equipment from the Soviet army began to filter into different militia groups, fueling more intense violence that rapidly accelerated into nation-state warfare after the collapse of the USSR. As the war intensified a severe economic and humanitarian crisis unfolded that left thousands of refugees without heat, hot water or medical services throughout the region.
Long-Term Conflict and Environmental Change
Authors: Hirschfeld Katherine , de Beurs Kirsten , Brayfield Brad , Melkonyan-Gottschalk Ani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Karabakh conflict reignited in the winter of 2020 and a new peace accord transferred several key regions from Armenian to Azeri control. At least 90,000 people were displaced and tensions in the region remain high. This chapter uses data from remote sensing to assess the long-term environmental impact of the Karabakh conflict from the 1990s through 2020. We look specifically at changes in land use and land cover. These include analyses of forest disturbance, cropland abandonment and patterns of surface water. We conclude that forest disturbance and cropland abandonment are likely to generate expanded habitat for Anopheles sacharovi—a key malaria vector in the region. Ongoing tensions also suggest the conflict is not yet resolved and the potential for new hostilities is high.
Structural Marxism and Its Critique
Authors: Kortesoja Matti 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter contends with the discursive turn in which images of social structure and social change shifted from anatomicalconceptual metaphors to relational thinking that captures social structure as a complex articulation of interlinked ideological, political, and economic instances. The examination begins with one of the most influential takes in the so-called return to Marx, addressing the Althusserian theory of ideology, which discourse theorists have accused of ‘yoking together’ a totality in connection with the larger structure of society in ideological terms. In fact, Althusser and his colleagues studied ideology’s practical application as a discursive interpellation of subjects. When discourse theory ultimately prevailed, it had adapted this part of the theory of ideology, while the concept of the capitalist mode of production has been excised from sociological discussions. Informed by awareness of ‘the spectre of Marx(ism)’, where social sciences are haunted by the ghostly notions of class-struggle and bourgeois ideology, this chapter turns attention to the less famous modes-of-production controversy in French new economic anthropology, which drew ethnographers’ gaze to class, ethnicity, and gender issues.
Einführung
Authors: Vormbaum Moritz 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Strafverfolgung von NS-Unrecht durch die bundesdeutsche Justiz hat nahezu 80 Jahre gedauert. Sie wird in zwiespältiger Erinnerung bleiben. Zwar gelten Verfahren wie der Ulmer Einsatzgruppen-Prozess (1958) und der erste Frankfurter Auschwitz-Prozess (1963 bis 1965) als Meilensteine der deutschen Vergangenheitsbewältigung. Ihnen steht aber die Masse von Tätern gegenüber, die nur sehr milde bestraft worden oder gänzlich von Strafverfolgung verschont geblieben ist. Die Aufhebung der Verjährung für Mord (§ 211 StGB) im Jahr 1979 hat die rechtliche Möglichkeit geschaffen, immerhin für dieses Delikt die Strafverfolgung fortzuführen. Die Justiztätigkeit in der Folgezeit blieb aber überschaubar – auch wegen der strengen Anforderungen an die Beweisführung, die nach der Rechtsprechung galten.
Conception and implementation of a certification system for quality control of cochlear implant treatment in Germany
Authors: Stöver T. , Plontke S. K. , Guntinas-Lichius O. , Welkoborsky H.-J. , Zahnert T. , Delank K. W. , Deitmer T. , Esser D. , Dietz A. , Wienke A. , Loth A. , Dazert S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA standardized and structured process is indispensable for optimal hearing rehabilitation with cochlear implants (CI). The Executive Committee of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNO-KHC), initiated the conception of a certification program and a Whitepaper based on the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) clinical practice guideline (CPG) describing the current medical standards of CI care in Germany. The goal was to independently confirm implementation of this CPG and make this information publicly available. With the support of an independent certification organization, successful implementation of the CI-CPG by a hospital would then be verified and confirmed by awarding the “Cochlear implant-provision institution” (Cochlea-Implantat-versorgende Einrichtung, CIVE) quality certificate. A structure for implementation of a certification system was developed based on the CI-CPG. The following steps were required: 1) conception of a quality control system for certification of hospitals working in accordance with the CI-CPG; 2) development of required structures for an independent review of quality-relevant structure, process, and result parameters; 3) development of a standard procedure for independent certification of hospitals; 4) development of a certificate and a logo to demonstrate successful certification; 5) practical implementation of the certification. Following design of the certification program and the required organizational structure, the certification system was successfully launched in 2021. Applications for the quality certificate could be formally submitted from September 2021. A total of 51 off-site evaluations were performed by December 2022. In the first 16 months from introduction, 47 hospitals were successfully certified as CIVE. In this period, 20 experts were trained as auditors, who have since then carried out 18 on-site audits in hospitals. In summary, the conceptual design, structure, and practical implementation of a certification program for quality control in CI care was successfully implemented in Germany.
Infratentorielle Hirntumoren bei Kindern
Authors: Lieb J. M , Lonak A. , Vogler A. , Pruefer F. , Ahlhelm F. J. 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Klinisches Problem
Tumoren der hinteren Schädelgrube machen etwa 50–55 % der kindlichen Hirntumoren aus.

Diagnostik
Zu den häufigsten Tumorentitäten zählen Medulloblastome, pilozytische Astrozytome, Ependymome, diffuse Mittelliniengliome und atypisch teratoid-rhabdoide Tumoren (ATRT). Der neuroradiologischen Differenzialdiagnostik mittels Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) kommt eine erhebliche Bedeutung zu, sowohl für die präoperative Planung als auch für die Planung der Anschlusstherapie.

Leistungsfähigkeit
Wichtige Merkmale für die Differenzialdiagnostik sind die genaue Tumorlokalisation, das Patientenalter und die intratumorale scheinbare Diffusion, die mittels diffusionsgewichteter Bildgebung quantifiziert werden kann.

Bewertung
Fortschrittliche MR-Techniken, wie MR-Perfusion und MR-Spektroskopie, können sowohl für die initiale Diagnostik als auch für die Beurteilung des Tumorverlaufs hilfreich sein, allerdings sollten Ausnahmeverhalten bestimmter Tumorentitäten bekannt sein.

Empfehlung für die Praxis
Konventionelle MRT-Sequenzen inklusive Diffusionswichtung sind die wichtigsten diagnostischen Tools zur Evaluation pädiatrischer Tumoren der hinteren Schädelgrube. Fortschrittliche MR-Techniken können helfen, sollten allerdings nicht isoliert von den konventionellen MRT-Sequenzen interpretiert werden.