bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conveyor belt characterization information extraction method based on YOLOv5 and the skeleton method
Authors: Zeng Fei , Zhou Jian , Wu Qing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To resolve the inaccurate localization of conveyor belt surface damage identification problem and to address the insufficiencies of the methods for extracting surface characterization information, this paper proposes a conveyor belt characterization information extraction method that integrates YOLOv5 deep learning and the skeleton method. By constructing a conveyor belt surface damage recognition model based on the YOLOv5 target detection algorithm, the identification, localization and cropping of the conveyor belt’s surface damage are implemented. After that, edge extraction and surface information extraction are also performed on the damaged parts. Finally, the collected data are analyzed and processed in real time by edge computing equipment to determine the degree of damage of the parts. Finally, intelligent operation of the belt conveyor is achieved with autonomous operations, unattended operations and decision alarms. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of YOLOv5 is approximately 93.11%, the speed is approximately 57 frames per second and the error of the data acquired by image processing is between 2% and 10%, which meets the real-time detection requirements of conveyor belt surface damage detection, and assists in the safety management supervision of the belt conveyer.
Multivariant microstructure evolution in Ti-alloys: insights from a quantitative phase-field study
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Soumya , Panwar Vishal , Guin Sandip , C R Anoop , Gurao Nilesh Prakash , Mukherjee Rajdip 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the present work, we employ a CALPHAD-integrated physics-based quantitative multi-phase field model to study the microstructure evolution in a multi-phase Ti-alloy. In this model we use the free energies obtained from TTTI3 thermodynamic database for Ti-based alloys using a CALPHAD approach. For numerical implementation of the model, we solve the governing equations in their weak form using the open-source MOOSE finite element framework. Our model is successfully able to capture all the possible orientational variants in Ti- alloy system. Moreover, we elucidate the complex interaction between the variants using two- and multi-particle simulations. We show that the elastic energies associated with the variants play significant role in their growth behavior. We also explore the effect of anisotropy in interfacial energy on the variant evolution.
Thermal performance of dual flow slotted fin mini channel heat sink using Al2O3-H2O and TiO2-H2O: a numerical and experimental approach
Authors: Baig Taha , Adil Amna , Manzoor S , Ebrahem M , Tariq Hussain Ahmed , Ali Hafiz Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To overcome the extensive heat generation inside the microprocessors nanofluids have gained importance because of their better thermophysical properties as compared with air and water. This work proposes a two-pronged strategy for thermal performance enhancement of mini channel heat sinks. Firstly, a novel dual flow slotted fin mini channel heat sink flow configuration is proposed. Secondly, a detailed numerical investigation is performed to assess heat transfer enhancement property of Al2O3-H2O and TiO2-H2O nanofluids. Considering the first step, fin spacing, number of slots, slot thickness and slot angle are investigated in detail yielding to the selection of best structural parameters. Two slots per fin of 0.5 mm thickness at an angle of 45° is selected because it provides better thermal performance as compared with water. Further, numerical assessment of nano fluid behavior was carried out at volumetric concentrations of 0.005% and 0.01%. For the case of novel dual flow slotted fin mini channel heat sink, maximum numerical and experimental advantages in all targeted system properties is observed for Al2O3-H2O nano fluid at volumetric concentration of 0.01%, as compared with water. Al2O3-H2O nano fluid provides better thermal performance both numerically and experimentally as compared with TiO2-H2O nanofluids. Increment in the pressure drop is noted with increasing volumetric concentrations.
Identifying critical nodes in complex networks based on neighborhood information
Authors: Zhao Na , Wang Hao , Wen Jun-jie , Li Jie , Jing Ming , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The identification of important nodes in complex networks has always been a prominent topic in the field of network science. Nowadays, the emergence of large-scale networks has sparked our research interest in complex network centrality methods that balance accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel centrality method called Spon (Sum of the Proportion of Neighbors) Centrality, which combines algorithmic efficiency and accuracy. Spon only requires information within the three-hop neighborhood of a node to assess its centrality, thereby exhibiting lower time complexity and suitability for large-scale networks. To evaluate the performance of Spon, we conducted connectivity tests on 16 empirical unweighted networks and compared the monotonicity and algorithmic efficiency of Spon with other methods. Experimental results demonstrate that Spon achieves both accuracy and algorithmic efficiency, outperforming eight other methods, including CycleRatio, collective influence, and Social Capital. Additionally, we present a method called W-Spon to extend Spon to weighted networks. Comparative experimental results on 10 empirical weighted networks illustrate that W-Spon also possesses advantages compared to methods such as I-Core and M-Core.
Ring-linear mixtures of semiflexible rubber bands
Authors: Gómez Leopoldo R , García Nicolás A , Fernández Márquez Juan Cruz , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
During the synthesis of ring polymers, it is quite common to obtain mixtures containing both ring and linear molecules. Recent studies, including experiments and simulations, have shown that even small quantities of linear molecules can significantly influence the shape of ring polymers, ultimately altering their rheological response. To further explore this phenomenon, we investigated blends of semiflexible linear and ring filaments by using disordered assemblies of open and closed rubber bands. We employed x-ray tomography to analyze the structure of these mixtures, focusing on how the length and composition of linear bands influenced the overall mixture. In contrast to the behavior observed in fully-flexible polymers, our findings revealed that increasing the concentration of linear bands could actually decrease the average size of rings within a semiflexible ring-linear mixture. This outcome is attributable to a reduction in inter-ring threading, which naturally occurs as the proportion of rings diminishes. To validate our findings, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations on semiflexible ring-linear polymer mixtures in bulk. These simulations confirmed that our results stem from the semiflexibility of the bands or chains rather than confinement or athermal conditions.
An analytic solution of Navier–Stokes flow past a sphere in the region of intermediate Reynolds number
Authors: Yagi Yuki , Yabushita Kazuki , Suzuki Hiroyoshi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study an analytical solution of steady, laminar, and incompressible flow past a sphere in the region of intermediate Reynolds number. The flow is governed by the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equation and the continuity equation. By applying a simple perturbation method to solve the equations, a second-order approximation cannot be obtained, as well-known (Whitehead’s paradox). Many analytical studies, such as Oseen approximation, matching technique, the homotopy analysis method, etc, have been conducted to resolve the paradox. The drag coefficients of these solutions are valid in the region of Reynolds number

R

d

<
30

(R

d
is the diameter-based Reynolds number) However, the solution cannot express the flow separation behind a sphere observed in experiments. We also develop a perturbation technique to construct a solution of the N–S equation asymptotically to solve the paradox. The solution consists of power series of

R

d

h

, where h is an arbitrary constant

(
0
<
h
⩽
1
)

. By setting the value of h to avoid divergence of the solution in the all-region where steady flow exists, the solution expresses the flow separation behind a sphere, coinciding with experiments in the region of intermediate Reynolds number (

R

d

<
130

), although the existing analytical solutions could not express. Also, the present solution gives the drag coefficient which agrees with experimental and numerical values in the region of

R

d

<
30

.
A new study of the optical and structural characterization properties of p-type ZnS2 pyrite with an application in solar energy
Authors: Sai Refka , Alghamdi Eman A , Abu Mousa Rasha A , Alanazi Amal Faleh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this manuscript, we study the grouping of bands and optical properties of p-type

Zn

S

2

pyrite, which helps us in the study of crystal p-type

Zn

S

2

pyrite and its impact in organic photovoltaic cells. Our work has two approaches one theorical where we find the band structure of

p
−

type

Zn

S

2

by using linear muffin-tin orbital method in the atomic-sphere approximation (LMTO-ASA), the second approach is the experimental where we prepare the crystals by chemical vapor transport. The sample was examined by XRD and optical characterizations. Our results show that the p-type

Zn

S

2

pyrite is a direct semiconductor with optical gap about

1.610

eV

and calculated gap about

1.550

eV
.

As an illustration of our finding, we present an application of our work to photovoltaic devices.
Design and verification of a high bandwidth metamaterial based on daily ceramics and its thermal conductivity
Authors: Long Dan , Lin Baosheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High temperature resistant metamaterial absorbers with broadband and high performance is a promising research field. At present, many reported absorbing materials have the defects of single absorption mechanism, temperature sensitivity, and low temperature resistance. To expand the high-temperature performancs, a daily ceramics-based metamaterial absorber was proposed and verified. The absorption band was excited by the local surface plasma polarization (LSP) mode and the surface plasma polarization (SPP) mode resonance between disk arrays, and the dielectric loss mode resonance of the ceramic substrate. The effects of structural parameters, temperature, preparation process, and type of ceramic substrate on the absorption properties of the metamaterial were measured. The measurement results show that the metamaterial absorber is obvious temperature stability. The absorption band was strengthened by increasing the thickness of the ceramic substrate and the diameter of the disk array. The average value of absorption band was less affected by the preparation technology of daily ceramic substrate. The average absorption based on four preparation technologies (Chemical vapor deposition, Microwave induced synthesis, Sol-gel method, Carbothermal reduction method) are: 0.861, 0.882, 0.857, and 0.842, respectively. The average absorption based on four daily ceramics (SiC, ZrSiO
4
, TmFeO
3
, and ZrSnTiO) were: 0.861, 0.776, 0.908, and 0.857, respectively. In addition, the thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of daily ceramics were important parameters to measure the thermal resonance performance of the ceramic-based metamaterial absorber. The results confirmed the effect of ceramic on the thermal conductivities (thermal response current, thermal resistance and thermal conductivity). Therefore, the proposed daily ceramic-based metamaterial absorber has the following advantages: absorption is temperature-independent, and the high temperature metamaterial is capable of excellent heat conductivity.
Surface water quality assessment in the Bach Dang river basin, Vietnam: using water quality index and geographical information system methods
Authors: Nguyen Manh Ha , Tran Tuan Anh , Tap Van Huu , Hoang Thi Huyen Ngoc , Phan Pham Chi Mai , Nguyen Cong Long , Nguyen Duc Toan , Pham Thi Huong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study evaluates the surface water quality of the Bach Dang river basin. During the rainy season, the temperature, pH, EC, BOD5, COD, coliforms, ammonium and phosphate values were 27 °C–37 °C, 6.6–8.9, 300–2200 μS cm−1, 5–25 mg l−1, 5–26 mg l−1, 0–3000 MPN/100 mL, below 0.01 mg l−1, and 0.02 mg l−1, respective. During the rainy and dry seasons, Zn, Pb, Cr, As, Fe and Mn levels were below drinking water limits. In the rainy season, the water quality index varied from 76 to 91, signifying medium to excellent water quality. The most outstanding water quality sites were the QN12, QN18, and QN22. During the dry season, most areas had moderate to excellent (WQI values between 61 and 93), except for QN01, QN03, QN04, QN05, QN06, QN07, QN11, QN16, QN17, QN19, and QN23, where it dropped to moderate (61–73). The temperatures were greater and higher EC values in the southeast. The DO concentrations were higher in the northwest and southeast in both seasons. The southern and southeastern regions exhibited more excellent COD and BOD5 values than the western, southwest, north, and northeast regions. The ammonium concentrations were higher in the southeast. During the dry season, the phosphate levels exceeded the permissible limit in the west, southeast, east, and northeast. Coliforms were below acceptable in both seasons, with greater levels in the northwest and northeast during the dry season. In addition, the Zn and Pb are favorably associated with the As, Mn, ammonium and phosphate in the rainy season. The COD positively correlated with the coliforms and BOD5. In the dry season, the pH inversely correlated with the Pb and Fe positively. The ammonium correlated negatively with the DO and positively with the phosphates. The pH negatively connected with the alkalinity, while the As positively correlated with the BOD5 and COD.
Optical excitations in 2D semiconductors
Authors: Deilmann Thorsten , Rohlfing Michael , Thygesen Kristian Sommer 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have revealed many fascinating physical and chemical properties. Due to the quantum confinement and enhanced many-body effects especially the optical properties are altered compared to their bulk counterparts. The optics of 2D materials can easily be modified by various means, e.g. the substrate, doping, strain, stacking, electric or magnetic fields. In this review we focus on the theoretical description of the excited states and optical properties of 2D semiconductors paying particular attention to the current challenges and future opportunities. While the presented methodology is completely general and applicable to any 2D material, we discuss results for the transition metal dichalcogenides, their heterostructures, and some novel materials from the computational 2D materials database.
Standardizing chemical compounds with language models
Authors: Cretu Miruna T , Toniato Alessandra , Thakkar Amol , Debabeche Amin A , Laino Teodoro , Vaucher Alain C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
With the growing amount of chemical data stored digitally, it has become crucial to represent chemical compounds accurately and consistently. Harmonized representations facilitate the extraction of insightful information from datasets, and are advantageous for machine learning applications. To achieve consistent representations throughout datasets, one relies on molecule standardization, which is typically accomplished using rule-based algorithms that modify descriptions of functional groups. Here, we present the first deep-learning model for molecular standardization. We enable custom standardization schemes based solely on data, which, as additional benefit, support standardization options that are difficult to encode into rules. Our model achieves over

98
%

accuracy in learning two popular rule-based standardization protocols. We then follow a transfer learning approach to standardize metal-organic compounds (for which there is currently no automated standardization practice), based on a human-curated dataset of 1512 compounds. This model predicts the expected standardized molecular format with a test accuracy of 80.7%. As standardization can be considered, more broadly, a transformation from undesired to desired representations of compounds, the same data-driven architecture can be applied to other tasks. For instance, we demonstrate the application to compound canonicalization and to the determination of major tautomers in solution, based on computed and experimental data.
Centering equity and sustainability in climate adaptation funding
Authors: Berlin Rubin Nina , Bower Erica Rose , Herbert Natalie , Santos Bianca S , Wong-Parodi Gabrielle 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Climate change poses a growing threat to the lives and livelihoods of more than three billion people living in highly vulnerable areas. Despite recent financing designated for climate adaptation, current support is only a fraction of what is needed and lags behind the accelerating pace of climate impacts. To achieve equitable and sustainable adaptation, we propose four evidence-based guidelines for funding and developing adaptation projects: uphold community autonomy, be transformative, avoid maladaptation, and integrate across sectors. Upholding community autonomy prioritizes bottom-up approaches that support local engagement and decision-making. Being transformative involves funding nonlinear proposals and developing novel funding mechanisms in order to shift away from incremental change. Avoiding maladaptation means ensuring that adaptation projects are proactive, flexible, and supportive of natural ecosystem services to prevent increasing vulnerability and exposure to climate impacts. Integrating across sectors involves addressing the intersections between human and environmental systems and using multiple sources of knowledge when developing projects. We illustrate these guidelines in action by exploring these principles in the context of adaptation to coastal hazards. By adopting these guidelines, funding for climate adaptation can support frontline communities facing the most severe consequences of climate change and address some of the underlying conditions that contribute to vulnerability, delivering broader societal benefits.
Screening instruments to predict adverse outcomes for undifferentiated older adults attending the Emergency Department: Results of SOAED prospective cohort study
Authors: Leahy Aoife , Corey Gillian , Purtill Helen , O’Neill Aoife , Devlin Collette , Barry Louise , Cummins Niamh , Gabr Ahmed , Mohamed Abdirahman , Shanahan Elaine , Shchetkovsky Denys , Ryan Damien , O’Loughlin Monica , O'Connor Margaret , Galvin Rose 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
frailty screening facilitates the stratification of older adults at most risk of adverse events for urgent assessment and subsequent intervention. We assessed the validity of the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Programme on Research for Integrating Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy seven item questionnaire (PRISMA-7) and InterRAI-ED at predicting adverse outcomes at 30 days and 6 months amongst older adults presenting to the Emergency Department (ED).

Methods
a prospective cohort study of adults ≥65 years who presented to the ED was conducted. The ISAR, CFS, PRISMA-7 and InterRAI-ED were assessed. Blinded follow-up telephone interviews were completed at 30 days and 6 months to assess the incidence of mortality, ED re-attendance, hospital readmission, functional decline and nursing home admission. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of the screening tools were calculated using 2 × 2 tables.

Results
a total of 419 patients were recruited; 47% female with a mean age of 76.9 (Standard deviation = 7.2). The prevalence of frailty varied across the tools (CFS 57% versus InterRAI-ED 70%). At 30 days, the mortality rate was 5.1%, ED re-attendance 18.1%, hospital readmission 14%, functional decline 47.6% and nursing home admission 7.1%. All tools had a high sensitivity and positive predictive value for predicting adverse outcomes.

Conclusion
older adults who screened positive for frailty were at significantly increased risk of experiencing an adverse outcome at 30 days with the ISAR being the most sensitive tool. We would recommend the implementation of the ISAR in the ED setting to support clinicians in identifying older adults most likely to benefit from specialised geriatric assessment and intervention.
Age-Related Changes of the Zygomatic Ligament: An Experimental Animal Study
Authors: Zhang You-Liang , Hong Wei-Jin , Chen Yin , Zhou Yang-fan , Chen Yi-Qing , Li Zhen-Hao , Li Xin-Rui , Yu Hao , Cotofana Sebastian , Luo Sheng-kang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Facial aging is a multifactorial process involving the skin, fat, muscles, bones, and ligaments. The role of facial ligaments in the facial aging process remains elusive.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify whether age-related changes in facial ligaments exist and how to best quantify such changes when investigating the zygomatic ligament in the rat.

Methods
A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats (10 young, 10 middle-aged, 10 mature) were investigated to visualize the zygomatic ligament. Samples of the ligaments spanning the zygomatic arch and the skin were taken and histologically examined with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, Verhoeff's elastic, and picrosirius red staining. Quantification of the Type I/III collagen ratio and collagen content was performed by color deconvolution and electron microscopic imaging.

Results
With increasing age, collagen fibers inside of the examined ligaments appeared thicker and more closely arranged. The Type I/III collagen ratio was measured to be 1.74 in young animals, 3.93 in middle-aged animals, and 5.58 in mature animals. The ultra-microstructure of the ligament was less coordinated in direction and orientation in young and middle-aged animals than in mature animals, in which collagen fibers were bundled together in a strong and oriented mesh.

Conclusions
Ligaments appeared thinner, transparent, more elastic, and less robust in young animals, whereas ligaments in mature animals appeared thicker, more fascia-like, less elastic, and more robust. An increase in the Type I/III collagen ratio, indicating greater stiffness and reduced elasticity, was observed with higher age of the investigated animals. These findings indicate that ligaments might increase in stiffness and rigidity with age.
DOCEST—fast and accurate estimator of human NGS sequencing depth and error rate
Authors: Kaplinski Lauris , Möls Märt , Puurand Tarmo , Remm Maido 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Accurate estimation of next-generation sequencing depth of coverage is needed for detecting the copy number of repeated elements in the human genome. The common methods for estimating sequencing depth are based on counting the number of reads mapped to the genome or subgenomic regions. Such methods are sensitive to the mapping quality. The presence of contamination or the large deviance of an individual genome from the reference may introduce bias in depth estimation.

Results
Here, we present an algorithm and implementation for estimating both the sequencing depth and error rate from unmapped reads using a uniquely filtered k-mer set. On simulated reads with 20× coverage, the margin of error was less than 0.01%. At 0.01× coverage and the presence of 10-fold contamination, the precision was within 2% for depth and within 10% for error rate.

Availability and implementation
DOCEST program and database can be downloaded from https://bioinfo.ut.ee/docest/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.