bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical, wear, thermal and hydrophobic behavior of novel alkali‐silane treated palmyra sprout fiber and red matta biosilica epoxy biocomposite
Authors: S. Poomathi , S. Sheeju Selva Roji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this current study, high‐toughness epoxy bio‐composites were prepared and characterized for lightweight and low‐cost technological applications using novel palmyra sprout fiber (PSF) and red matta rice husk (RHA) biosilica. The principal aim of this research was to study how the alkali‐silane treatments on the fiber and particle influence the mechanical, wear, thermal and hydrophobic behavior of epoxy composites. The PSF was alkali‐silane treated whereas the biosilica was treated only with silane. The composites were prepared via a hand layup process and characterized. According to the results, the treated PSF with 3 vol.% RHA biosilica has the maximum tensile, impact, flexural strength, and hardness. The composite with the inclusion of 5 vol.% biosilica, and the palmyra sprout fiber has the lowest specific wear rate and COF of 0.007 mm3/Nm and 0.37. Moreover, these composites possess good thermal stability with the highest initial decomposition temperature of 342°C. Similarly, the composite designation ESP3 have the lowest contact angle of 75.7°, which is within the hydrophobic limit. These composites with improved mechanical, thermal and wear properties may be useful in a variety of engineering applications that can be used for high load‐bearing capacity and biodegradability, such as sporting goods, automobiles, home furniture, food packaging, transport, and aircrafts.
Recent advances in characterization of citrullination and its implication in human disease research: From method development to network integration
Authors: Wang Bin , Fields Lauren , Li Lingjun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPost‐translational modifications (PTM) of proteins increase the functional diversity of the proteome and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. The most widely understood modifications include phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, O‐linked/N‐linked glycosylation, and ubiquitination, all of which have been extensively studied and documented. Citrullination is a historically less explored, yet increasingly studied, protein PTM which has profound effects on protein conformation and protein‐protein interactions. Dysregulation of protein citrullination has been associated with disease development and progression. Identification and characterization of citrullinated proteins is highly challenging, complicated by the low cellular abundance of citrullinated proteins, making it difficult to identify and quantify the extent of citrullination in samples, coupled with challenges associated with development of mass spectrometry (MS)‐based methods, as the corresponding mass shift is relatively small, +0.984 Da, and identical to the mass shift of deamidation. The focus of this review is to discuss recent advancements of citrullination‐specific MS approaches and integration of the potential methodology for improved citrullination identification and characterization. In addition, the association of citrullination in disease networks is also highlighted.
Tempol differential effect on prostate cancer inflammation: In vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Rossetto Isabela , Santos Felipe , Kido Larissa , Lamas Celina , Montico Fábio , Cagnon Valéria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTempol is a redox‐cycling nitroxide that acts directly on inflammation. However, few studies have reported the use of tempol in prostate cancer (PCa). The present study investigated the effects of tempol on inflammation related to NF‐κB signaling, using hormone‐dependent or hormone‐independent cell lines and the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate PCa animal model in the early and late stages of cancer progression.MethodsPC‐3 and LnCaP cells were exposed to different tempol doses in vitro, and cell viability assays were performed. The optimal treatment dose was chosen for subsequent analysis using western blotting. Five experimental groups were evaluated in vivo to test for tempol effects in the early (CT12 and TPL12 groups) and late stages (CT20, TPL20‐I, and TLP20‐II) of PCa development. The TPL groups were treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg tempol. All control groups received water as the vehicle. The ventral lobe of the prostate was collected and subjected to immunohistochemical and western blot analysis.ResultsTempol treatment reduced cellular proliferation in vitro and improved prostatic morphology in vivo, thereby decreasing tumor progression. Tempol reduced inflammation in preclinical models, and downregulated the initial inflammatory signaling through toll‐like receptors, not always mediated by the MyD88 pathway. In addition, it upregulated iκB‐α and iκB ‐β levels, leading to a decrease in NF‐κB, TNF‐α, and other inflammatory markers. Tempol also influenced cell survival markers.ConclusionsTempol can be considered a beneficial therapy for PCa treatment owing to its anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. Nevertheless, the action of tempol was different depending on the degree of the prostatic lesion in vivo and hormone reliance in vitro. This indicates that tempol plays a multifaceted role in the prostatic tissue environment.
The use of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT to stratify patients with PI‐RADS 3 lesions according to clinically significant prostate cancer risk
Authors: Yang Jinhui , Tang Yongxiang , Zhou Chuanchi , Zhou Ming , Li Jian , Hu Shuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate imaging reporting and data system (PI‐RADS) category 3 lesions represent a “gray zone,” having an equivocal risk of presenting as clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). 68Ga‐labelled prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been identified as a diagnostic tool that can help to predict cases of primary PCa. We aimed to explore diagnostic value of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT for csPCa in PI‐RADS 3 lesions to aid in decision‐making and avoid unnecessary biopsies.MethodsA total of 78 men with PI‐RADS 3 lesions who underwent both 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT and transrectal ultrasound/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion‐guided biopsy were enrolled. Images were analyzed by respective physicians who were blinded to the pathological results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 26/78 men had pathologically confirmed csPCa. A lower ADCT/ADCCLP (0.65 vs. 0.71, p = 0.018), smaller prostate volume (25.27 vs. 42.79 ml, p < 0.001), lower free prostate‐specific antigen/total prostate‐specific antigen (0.11 vs. 0.16, p < 0.001), higher PSA level (13.45 vs. 7.90 ng/ml, p = 0.001), higher PSA density (0.40 vs. 0.16 ng/ml2, p < 0.001), higher SUVmax (9.80 vs. 4.40, p < 0.001) and SUVT/BGp (2.41 vs. 1.00, p < 0.001) were associated with csPCa. ROC analysis illustrated the improvement in SUVmax and SUVT/BGp compared with all independent and combined clinical features as well as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) features for csPCa detection. The net benefits of SUVmax and SUVT/BGp were superior to those of other features, respectively. With cutoff values of 5.0 for SUVmax and 1.4 for SUVT/BGp, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for csPCa were 96.2%, 100% and 80.8%, 84.6%, respectively.Conclusion68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT is potentially capable of stratifying men with PI‐RADS 3 lesions according to the presence of csPCa and has better performance than the model established based on clinical and mpMRI features.
Investigation of the trigger perturbation for a simulated case of arctic oscillation transition using initial‐condition perturbation denial experiments
Authors: McLay Justin G. , Doyle James D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis case study seeks to identify the initial‐condition perturbation structure that triggers a prominent example of the positive‐ to negative‐phase arctic oscillation (+AO to −AO) transition in a numerical forecast ensemble. Experiments with spectral filtering and perturbation‐denial sensitivity analysis are used to test the hypothesis that the transition originated from a localized perturbation feature. The denial experiments are guided by binary search, anomaly detection, and adjoint sensitivity methods. The spectral filtering experiments indicate that perturbation scales in the wavenumber range v ∊ [10, 30] are critical to initiating the transition. Conversely, neither the largest perturbation scales (v < 10) nor the smallest scales (v > 30) have significant influence on the transition. The perturbation denial experiments likewise find no evidence to support the hypothesis that a localized perturbation feature initiates the transition. Rather, the transition is only substantially curtailed when the perturbation denial is applied across a broad portion of the domain. In effect, the trigger perturbation behaves like a redundant system, such that the initiation of transition does not critically depend on any singular perturbation feature. Practically, the redundant nature of the trigger means that if one wants to severely constrain the AO index forecast uncertainty such that its envelope falls within only one phase of the AO, then it will require very broad and unfeasible reduction of initial condition errors. However, the denial experiments also indicate that the triggering of transition and the subsequent amplification within the −AO phase are somewhat independent processes.
On subgraphs with degrees of prescribed residues in the random graph
Authors: Ferber Asaf , Hardiman Liam , Krivelevich Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe show that with high probability the random graph has an induced subgraph of linear size, all of whose degrees are congruent to for any fixed and . More generally, the same is true for any fixed distribution of degrees modulo . Finally, we show that with high probability we can partition the vertices of into parts of nearly equal size, each of which induces a subgraph all of whose degrees are congruent to . Our results resolve affirmatively a conjecture of Scott, who addressed the case .
vAIR—An epistemic model of socioscientific reasoning emerging from citizens engaged in a locally situated SSI
Authors: Ruppert John , Bartlett Paul W. , Infante Masiel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEngagement with socioscientific issues (SSI) has emerged as an important focus for science education. SSI have been successfully used to teach science concepts, but they also serve a role in helping learners develop a capacity to engage with science in everyday life. Here we present an epistemic framework for characterizing socioscientific reasoning (SSR), called the vAIR framework standing for virtuous Aims, Ideals, and Reasoning Practices. vAIR is a modification of the AIR framework for epistemic cognition. The “virtuous” framing of vAIR is to align with the language of Sosa's virtue epistemology, reflecting a capacity to engage in reasoning that promotes a collective praxis/enterprise. vAIR was developed from a study of citizens engaged in an authentic SSI to offer a deeper authenticity than might be achieved in the study of a classroom. The goal was to better understand the ontologically distinct components of SSR, as well as gain a better understanding of what “constructive” SSR might look like in the context of collective praxis/enterprise in the everyday world. The findings are presented through a series of vignettes that capture the rich detail of the context as well as the nuances between the dimensions of the vAIR model. vAIR, we argue, can serve as a tool for scaffolding the development and assessment of SSR in classrooms.
A neighbourhood‐scale conceptual model towards regenerative circularity for the built environment
Authors: Sala Benites Henrique , Osmond Paul , Prasad Deo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is potential in applying the circular economy (CE) and regenerative design (RD) models for the redevelopment of urban areas as a response to the current linear and mechanistic practices that still contribute to exceeding planetary boundaries and reinforcing social inequalities. Despite these models' common roots, they are usually approached quite differently. A merged approach may be able to solve existing gaps and critiques. This paper reviews relevant CE and RD definitions linked to the urban context. An inductive content analysis to map and discuss existing themes is conducted, leading to a set of five underpinning pillars. The resulting ‘Regenerative Circularity for the Built Environment’ conceptual model adopts a systemic and positive impact approach that is the steppingstone for the development of a practical tool aiming to support urban stakeholders in the transition of existing neighbourhoods with strategies more suitable to their aims and notion of place.
Benzo[1,4]diazocinone/Pyrrole Ensembles via the Catalyst‐Free Insertion of Pyrrolylacetylenic Ketones into Benzimidazoles
Authors: Belyaeva Kseniya V. , Nikitina Lina P. , Gen' Veronika S. , Saliy Ivan V. , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Afonin Andrei V. , Kuzmin Anton V. , Vashchenko Alexander V. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEarly unknown pharmaceutically oriented heterocyclic systems of benzo[1,4]diazocinone/pyrrole ensembles have been synthesized in up to 93 % yields by the catalyst‐free mild insertion of pyrrolylacetylenic ketones into benzimidazoles. The reaction represents an extraordinary easy expansion of the aromatic five‐membered heterocyclic ring up to pyrrole‐ringed, highly unsaturated eight‐membered heterocyclic system. The proposed mechanism of the reaction proceeding through dipole and ylide intermediates is confirmed by quantum chemical calculations (DFT).
Local Degradation of PEDOT:PSS on Silicon Nanostructures Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Dufil Yannick , Dietrich Marc , Zigah Dodzi , Favier Frederic , Sadki Saïd , Gentile Pascal , Fontaine Olivier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConducting polymers show attractive characteristics as electrode materials for micro‐electrochemical energy storage (MEES). However, there is a lack of characterization techniques to study conjugated/conducting polymer‐based nanostructured electrodes. Here, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is introduced as a new technique for in situ characterization and acceleration of degradation processes of conducting polymers. Electrodes of PEDOT:PSS on flat silicon, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and silicon nanotrees (SiNTrs) are analyzed by SECM in feedback mode with approach curves and chronoamperometry. The innovative degradation method using SECM reduces the time required to locally degrade polymer samples to a few thousand seconds, which is significantly shorter than the time usually required for such studies. The degradation rate is modeled using Comsol Multiphysics. The model provides an understanding of the phenomena that occur during degradation of the polymer electrode and describes them using a mathematical constant A0 and a time constant τ.
Growing a community of conversation and understanding: The 2023 agenda for the systems community
Authors: Klein Louis , Buckle Pamela , Nguyen Nam , Preiser Rika , Ison Ray 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn his 1970 report to the Club of Rome, Hasan Özbekhan compiled an extensive collection of intersecting issues confronting humanity—the Global Problématique. Alas, half a century later, we find ourselves even further entrenched in this network of complex, systemic issues that some have framed the Anthropocene, a period new to human history. Collectively, we must take seriously the question:what purposeful action will aid human flourishing, create and sustain a viable space for humanity, in our ongoing co‐evolution with the Anthropocene‐Biosphere?Through ongoing reflections to this prompt, the theme of the IFSR's 2023 agenda iscommunity. At the heart of this community, we place emphasis on the role ofconversationto enable the co‐creation of a common (yet not necessarily shared)understanding. Collective efforts to grow and participate in this diverse cyber‐systemic community of conversation and understanding will enhance the capacity to shift from stasis towards transformative actions demanded by the Global Problématique. In the Batesonian sense, the prospect of making a meta‐difference that makes a difference is the emergent promise of our enterprise made collective.
Advancements in Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions to Access Carbocycles and Heterocycles: An Overview
Authors: Ghosh T. , Bhakta S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis review summarizes recent developments (from 2006 to 2022) in numerous important and efficient carbo‐ and heterocycle generations using gold‐catalyzed cascade protocols. Herein, methodologies involve selectivity, cost‐effectiveness, and ease of product formation being controlled by the ligand as well as the counter anion, catalyst, substrate, and reaction conditions. Gold‐catalyzed cascade reactions covered different strategies through the compilation of various approaches such as cyclization, hydroarylation, intermolecular and intramolecular cascade reactions, etc. This entitled reaction is also useful for the synthesis of spiro, fused, bridged carbo‐ and heterocycles.
Global coordination of wheat sowing: A possible policy against climate variability
Authors: Giulioni Gianfranco , Di Giuseppe Edmondo , Pasqui Massimiliano 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThrough an analysis of the sowing and harvesting times across all the regions of a tailored‐for‐wheat world geographic partition, we assess the temporal possibility of modifying the acreage of wheat crops in some regions in an attempt to offset the change in production caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the others. Using a computational model able to handle the complexity of the global system of wheat markets, we found that the adoption of a policy of cooperation can smooth out the effects that ENSO would have on international markets. In particular, the optimal policy we found would bring back prices toward those observed in the neutral phase by reducing them up to about 11% with El Niño, and, on average, about 1% with La Niña. Such an optimal policy would be favorable, especially to the in‐need part of the world population. Furthermore, we found that Central Asia is potentially the strategic area for policy implementation.
Diseases maps of spatial epidemiological data by R
Authors: Kubota Takafumi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDisease maps are essential when analyzing spatial epidemiological data, such as newly detected COVID‐19 positive cases or suicide deaths, because it is necessary to determine the method of analysis in order to perform spatial statistical analysis. Disease maps give an initial overview of the data and provide evidence of regional trends, which the analyst can check. Therefore, in this article, the author aimed to use R, a statistical data analysis tool, to draw spatial epidemiological data in the form of disease maps. This article presents three different methods and analyzes recent trends in COVID‐19 and suicide mortality. The author used monthly data from April, July, and October 2020. The results showed no significant trend in April, but some prefectures showed a negative correlation in July. On the other hand, some prefectures showed a positive correlation in October, confirming the influence of COVID‐19 on suicide by region.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Performance of a laboratory von Hámos type x‐ray spectrometer in x‐ray absorption spectroscopy study on 3d group metals
Authors: Fanselow Rafał , Sobstel Michał , Błachucki Wojciech , Szlachetko Jakub 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the recent progress regarding the development of x‐ray instrumentation, compact x‐ray spectrometers are becoming more and more popular as they allow x‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) studies at the research institutes laboratories. Such setups provide a cost‐effective tool for routine sample characterization with unlimited access and are of great utility in feasibility studies preceding the experiments at synchrotrons and x‐ray free‐electron lasers (XFELs). Herein, we present the operation and capabilities of the von Hámos type x‐ray spectrometer in x‐ray absorption spectra measurement for various 3d metal elements. Results allowed us to establish the photon counting performance of the setup, demonstrating a possible range of applications of the in‐house x‐ray spectroscopy apparatus.
The Biological, Histopathological, and Parasitic Abundance of Oreochromis niloticus Inhabiting Two Different Freshwater Canals
Authors: Saad El-Din Marwa I. , Ghobashy Mahi A. , Mansour Farida A. , El-Shenawy Nahla S. , Gad EL-Hak Heba N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current study aimed to assess the impact of metal pollution in water on parasitic abundance, biology, and histopathological characteristics ofOreochromis niloticusin two different freshwater habitats in the Al Sharkia government. The fish were collected from the Mueweis canal area (A) which received industrial wastewater from factories and the San El-Hagar area (B) which received agricultural and domestic wastewater. Parasitic abundance and histopathological changes in the liver and gonads were inspected. The total prevalence of parasitic infection was at the highest percentage in area B correlated with metals present in the water, in addition to severe histopathological damage to the liver and the gonads. The prevalence of parasites for different examined fish ranges from 50% for parasites in the San El-Hagar canal and 4.17% for parasites in the Muwies canal, seasonally. There were positive relationships between Fe or Zn or Mn concentrations with parasite abundance in tilapia fish collected from the San Hagar canal. Several histopathological alterations were detected in the liver and gonads ofO. niloticuscollected from the two canals located in the Al Sharkia province. It was concluded that the uncontrolled inputs of agricultural and domestic wastes highly altered theO. niloticushealth status and the prevalence of the parasites in the investigated two areas.