bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stacking Ensemble Learning Method for Quantitative Analysis of Soluble Solid Content in Apples
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Huang Zhensheng , Zhang Xiao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe soluble solids content (SSC) in apples directly affects their quality. This study aimed to detect SSC nondestructively using hyperspectral technology combined with chemometrics. However, data generation may not follow a specific pattern, and even small perturbations in the data can have a significant impact on the constructed model. To improve the anti‐interference capability of individual models, this study proposed a stacking ensemble learning method that adopted partial least squares (PLS), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost), random forest (RF) as basic‐learners, and RF serving as a meta‐learner. Experimental results showed that the performance of the established model on the test set were as follows: the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.4325, mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.3245, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 0.0271, coefficient of determination () was 0.9250. These results indicate that the stacking ensemble learning approach could appropriately fuse the predictive results of each basic‐learner and improve the prediction accuracy of individual models. To verify the superiority of the proposed stacking ensemble learning method, the selection of its basic‐learners, meta‐learner, and combination strategy were compared and analyzed. This study not only provides a theoretical reference for the further development of related nondestructive detection equipment but also offers guidance for fusion algorithms as well.
Spin‐Frustrated Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Mandal Rimpa , Ninawe Pranay , Acharya Aradhana , Ballav Nirmalya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating class of structured materials with diverse functionality originating from their distinctive physicochemical properties. This review focuses on the specific chemical design of geometrically frustrated MOFs along with the origin of the intriguing magnetic properties. We have discussed the arrangement of spin centres (metal and ligand) which are responsible for the unusual magnetic phenomena in MOFs. Both two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) MOFs with frustrated magnetism, their synthetic routes, and evaluation of magnetic properties are highlighted. Such spin‐frustrated MOFs may find applications in the field of memory devices, transistors, sensors, and the development of unconventional superconductors.
High‐throughput Experimentation Enables the Development of a Nickel‐catalyzed Cyanation Platform for (Hetero)aryl Halides
Authors: Porte Vincent , Kollmus Philipp , Serrano Eloisa , Santagostino Marco 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA novel screening platform for the nickel‐catalyzed cyanation of (hetero)aryl halides relying on the use of air‐stable Ni(COD)DQ at low loading is reported. Through high‐throughput experimentation (HTE), various ligand and solvent combinations are systematically explored, allowing the fast identification of suitable conditions. This standardized workflow serves as an excellent starting point for selecting other competent nickel precatalysts and for further optimization of reluctant substrates. The transformation exhibits broad functional group tolerance and can be readily scaled up to gram‐scale.
Broken Symmetry and Elastic Frustration in Isostructural MnIII Spin Crossover Crystals
Authors: Kelly Conor T. , Jakobsen Vibe B. , Jordan Ross , Felton Solveig , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Morgan Grace G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSymmetry breaking spin state transitions in two of three isostructural salts of MnIII spin crossover cations, [MnIII(3‐OMe‐5‐NO2‐sal2323)]+, with heavy anions are reported. The ReO4− (1) salt undergoes two‐step spin crossover which is coupled with a re‐entrant symmetry breaking structural phase transition between a high temperature phase (S=2, C2/c), an intermediate ordered phase (S=1/S=2, P21/c), and a low temperature phase (S=1, C2/c). The AsF6− (2) complex undergoes an abrupt transition between a high temperature phase (S=2, C2/c) and a low temperature ordered phase (S=1/S=2, P
). The SbF6− (3) complex undergoes a gradual transition between a high temperature phase (S=2, P
) and a low temperature spin state ordered phase (S=1/S=2, P‐
). Correlation of the volume of the anion and the T1/2 of the transitions in these complexes and three analogous complexes with similar anions, BF4− (4), ClO4− (5), PF6− (6), reveals an increase in T1/2 upon increasing the anion volume. We rationalise that the volume of the anions used modulates the elastic interactions between the MnIII sites in the lattice, with increasing elastic frustration with the larger anions resulting in a two‐stepped transition for 1 and the stabilisation of the mixed (HS:LS) state to low temperature for 2 and 3.
Priority Recovery of Lithium From Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries via H2O‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Zhang Yinghua , Ru Juanjian , Hua Yixin , Cheng Mingqiang , Lu Lianwu , Wang Ding 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe growing use of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries has raised concerns about their environmental impact and recycling challenges, particularly the recovery of Li. Here, we propose a new strategy for the priority recovery of Li and precise separation of Fe and P from spent LFP cathode materials via H2O‐based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Through adjusting the form of the metal complexes and precipitation mode, above 99.95% Li and Fe can be dissolved in choline chloride‐anhydrous oxalic acid‐water (ChCl‐OA‐H2O) DES, and the high recovery efficiency of Li and Fe about 93.41% and 97.40% accordingly are obtained. The effects of the main parameters are comprehensively investigated during the leaching and recovery processes. The recovery mechanism of the pretreated LFP is clarified and the rate‐controlling step of the heterogeneous dissolution reactions is also identified. Results show that soluble phases of Li3Fe2(PO4)3 and Fe2O3 are formed after roasting pretreatment, and Li(I) ions tend to form Li2C2O4 precipitates with C2O42− during the leaching process so that Li can be recovered preferentially in purity of 99.82%. After UV‐visible light irradiation, Fe(III) ions are converted into Fe(II) ions, which can react with C2O42− to form FeC2O4 precipitates by adjusting the H2O content, and P is recovered as Na3PO4∙12H2O (99.98% purity). Additionally, a plan for the recycling of used DES is proposed and the leaching and recovery performances still maintain stable after three recycling circles. The method offers an approach with a simple process, high efficiency, and waste‐free recycling for priority recovery Li and precise separation of Fe and P from spent LFP batteries in DESs.
Personalized Indicator Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Uncertain Constrained Many‐Objective Optimization Problem With Interval Functions
Authors: Wen Jie , Wang Qian , Dong Haozhe , Cui Zhihua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn practical engineering problems, uncertainties due to prediction errors and fluctuations in equipment efficiency often lead to constrained many‐objective optimization problem with interval parameters (ICMaOPs). These problems pose significant challenges for evolutionary algorithms, particularly in balancing solution convergence, diversity, feasibility, and uncertainty. To address these challenges, a personalized indicator‐based evolutionary algorithm (PI‐ICMaOEA) specifically designed for ICMaOPs is proposed. The PI‐ICMaOEA integrates a comprehensive quality indicator that encapsulates convergence, diversity, uncertainty, and feasibility factors, converting multiple objectives in high‐dimensional search spaces into a single evaluative metric. Each factor's weight is personalized assigned based on individual performance, objective dimension, and the evolving conditions of the population. By prioritizing individuals with excellent indicator values for mating and environmental selection, PI‐ICMaOEA effectively enhances selection pressure in high‐dimensional spaces. Comparative simulations demonstrate that PI‐ICMaOEA is highly competitive, offering a robust solution for balancing convergence, diversity, uncertainty, and feasibility in ICMaOPs.
Comparative Aerodynamic Analysis and Parallel Performance of 2D CFD Simulations of a VAWT Using Sliding Mesh Interface Method
Authors: Önel Hüseyin Can , Adam Ali Ata , Uzol Nilay Sezer 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith rapid advancements in computer hardware and numerical modeling methods, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has gained prominence in simulating complex flows. As parallel computation becomes an industry standard, the computational efficiency of simulations has become critical. The flow around a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), characterized by complex dynamics and challenging rotating geometry, serves as an intriguing case for CFD studies. This study employs the open‐source CFD solvers SU2 and OpenFOAM to simulate the incompressible, unsteady, and turbulent flow around an H‐type Darrieus VAWT in two dimensions. Spatial and temporal discretization parameters are examined to balance computational cost and accuracy, revealing notable effects on power predictions. Simulations conducted under identical conditions allow for a comparison of the predictions and parallel performances of SU2 and OpenFOAM across three distinct tip speed ratios (TSRs). The findings show that discretization parameters behave differently at various TSRs. While power predictions from SU2 and OpenFOAM generally align with experimental data and with each other, discrepancies arise at lower TSRs, with thrust predictions showing better consistency. Although OpenFOAM provides a faster solution across all parallel configurations, SU2 demonstrates superior parallel scalability, achieving higher speedup and efficiency.
A Reliable and Secure Permissioned Blockchain‐Assisted Data Transfer Mechanism in Healthcare‐Based Cyber‐Physical Systems
Authors: Vinayasree P. , Reddy A. Mallikarjuna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHealthcare systems are highly sensitive to cyberattacks as these systems possess most of the sensitive information compared to other systems relying on internet facilities. Due to the stronger security merits and efficiency of blockchain, it is integrated with the healthcare sector to ensure reliable data transfer. However, to improve the reliability and efficiency of the integrated system, a permissioned blockchain‐based security framework combining several techniques is proposed. To enable storing and validating blocks containing medical data on the blockchain, the miner is administered using the delegated proof of stake (DPoS) consensus protocol. This protocol is efficient in choosing the miner from the list of participants. Then, the blocks are created using recursive indexing with an Even–Rodeh (RI‐ER) coding hashing scheme. This algorithm is an indexing scheme that is much more efficient than the normal hashing algorithms. The validation process is carried out by the miner using the hash values provided to the users. By using the kidney disease dataset from Kaggle, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated. The performance analysis proved the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to other schemes.
Mononuclear Pt(II) Complexes and [Pt‐Ag‐Pt] Cluster: Controllable Syntheses, Structural Transition and Luminescence Modulation
Authors: Lv Xin‐Tong , Huang Jian‐Gong , Cao Deng‐Ke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractComplexes [Pt(moppy)(PPh2Py)Cl] (1), [Pt(moppy)(PPh2Py)]PF6 (2) and [Pt2(moppy)2(CH3CN)2Ag(μ‐PPh2Py)2](PF6)3 (3) have been synthesized through choosing suitable experimental condition to modulate the coordination mode of PPh2Py. Crystal structures indicate that 1 and 2 show distinct mononuclear structures, and complex 3 is a [Pt−Ag‐Pt] cluster. In a CH2Cl2–H2O mixed solvent, complexes 1 and 2 can be interconverted upon alternately adding AgPF6 and NaCl. Complex 3 can dissociate into complex 2 in solution. These complexes reveal different luminescence. In deaerated acetone, complex 1 is non‐luminescent, while 2 show green luminescence with main emission bands at 511 and 534 nm. Complexes 1 and 2 in solid state show similar green luminescence, but significant differences in quantum yield, Φ=7.4 % for 1, and Φ=17.6 % for 2. Compared to 1 and 2, complex 3⋅CH3COCH3 exhibits yellow solid‐state luminescecne (Φ=14.1 %). In this paper, we discuss structural transitions among complexes 1–3 and luminescence modulation.
Directing‐Group‐Assisted Markovnikov Hydroximation of Styrenes Enabled by Photoredox/Cobalt Dual‐Catalysis
Authors: Xiao Qian , Lu Maojian , Xiao Yonghong , Zhong Jian‐Ji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBy the combination of acridinium salt as a photocatalyst and cobaloxime complex as a co‐catalyst, a simple and mild approach has been developed for the directing‐group‐assisted Markovnikov‐selective hydroximation of styrenes under visible‐light irradiation. Herein, the directing‐group on styrenes plays an important role for this transformation. Although the substrate scope seems to be limited, such an approach features excellent regioselectivity and high atom economy. In contrast with previous methodologies, this photoredox/cobalt dual‐catalytic system is operationally simple, and avoids the use of any other sacrificial reagents.
Lateral End‐Range Movement Profile and Shot Effectiveness During Grand Slam Tennis Match‐Play
Authors: Armstrong Cameron , Peeling Peter , Murphy Alistair , Turlach Berwin A. , Reid Machar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnd‐range movements are among the most demanding but least understood in the sport of tennis. Using male Hawk‐Eye data from match‐play during the 2021–2023 Australian Open tournaments, we evaluated the speed, deceleration, acceleration, and shot quality characteristics of these types of movement in men's Grand Slam tennis. Lateral end‐range movements that incorporated a change of direction (CoD) were identified for analysis using k‐means (end‐range) and random forest (CoD) machine learning models. Peak speed, average deceleration into the CoD, average reacceleration out of the CoD, and the quality of the shot played were computed. Players were grouped based on their ATP rankings (top 10, top 50, and outside top 50) to examine the influence of ranking on movement profiles and shot effectiveness. Our data showed that end‐range movements profiles of top 10 and top 50 players were characterized by higher peak speed (d = 0.3–0.88), deceleration intensity (d = 0.25–0.63), and acceleration intensity (d = 0.06–0.51) when compared to players outside the top 50 (p < 0.05). Top 10 players also demonstrated greater peak speeds (d = 0.59) and acceleration intensities (d = 0.45) compared to top 50 players (p < 0.05). There was a nonlinear inverse relationship between peak speed and shot quality, such that, as peak speed increased, shot quality decreased—notwithstanding that top 10 players were more likely to hit high‐quality shots at higher peak speeds. These results quantify the discrete kinematic characteristics of the sport's most challenging movement sequence and reveal, for the first time, that higher ranked players may possess superior movement potential on court.
Validity and Inter‐Device Reliability of an Artificial Intelligence App for Real‐Time Assessment of 505 Change of Direction Tests
Authors: Barrera‐Domínguez Francisco J. , Jones Paul A. , Almagro Bartolomé J. , Molina‐López Jorge 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to explore the validity and inter‐device reliability of a novel artificial intelligence app (Asstrapp) for real‐time measurement of the traditional (tra505) and modified‐505 (mod505) change of direction (COD) tests. Twenty‐five male Sports Science students (age, 23.5 ± 3.27 years; body height, 178 ± 9.76 cm; body mass, 79.4 ± 14.7 kg) completed 12 trials each, consisting of six tra505 and six mod505 trials. Completion times were simultaneously recorded via single‐beam electronic timing gates (ETG) and two different iPhones (APP1 and APP2). In total 300 trials were collected across the two tests, using all three devices, to establish the reliability and validity of the app. The coefficient of variation indicated a similar level of dispersion between the ETG (≤ 2.73%), APP1 (≤ 2.39%) and APP2 (≤ 2.52%). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) revealed excellent reliability among the three timing devices (ICC ≥ 0.99) and Asstrapp relative reliability was excellent for both APP1 (ICC ≥ 0.91) and APP2 (ICC ≥ 0.91). There was a practically perfect correlation and agreement between ETG and Asstrapp (APP1: r = 0.97; APP2: r = 0.97) for both COD tests. However, small but significant differences were found between smartphones and ETG for tra505 (ES ≤ 0.33; p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings support the use of Asstrapp for real‐time assessment of both 505 COD tests.
A Randomized Non‐overlapping Encryption Scheme for Enhanced Image Security in Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
Authors: Aqeel Muhammad , Jaffar Arfan , Faheem Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad Waqar , Iqbal Nadeem , Yousaf Shahid , Diab Hossam 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has underscored the critical need to safeguard the data they store and transmit. Among various data types, digital images often carry highly sensitive information, making their protection against breaches essential. This study introduces a novel image encryption algorithm specifically designed to bolster the security of images in resource‐constrained IoT ecosystems. Leveraging the randomness of a 5D multi‐wing hyperchaotic map, the proposed method employs pairs of non‐overlapping rectangles to induce confusion by swapping the pixels they encompass. Repeated iterations of this operation achieve significant confusion effects, enhancing encryption strength. To validate the robustness of the proposed algorithm, standard benchmark images were utilized, and rigorous security metrics —including information entropy, correlation coefficient, histogram uniformity, and resistance to differential attacks —were analyzed. Results demonstrate that the algorithm not only ensures strong protection against unauthorized access but also maintains low computational complexity, making it ideal for IoT applications. This research provides a foundational step toward ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of visual data in an increasingly interconnected digital world.
NeuroSight: A Deep‐Learning Integrated Efficient Approach to Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Bin Shabbir Mugdha Shafayat , Uddin Mahtab 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBrain tumors pose a significant health risk and require immediate attention. Despite progress, accurately classifying these tumors remains challenging due to their location, shape, and size variability. This has led to exploring deep learning and machine learning in biomedical imaging, particularly in processing and analyzing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. This study compared a newly developed Convolutional Neural Network model to pre‐trained models using transfer learning, focusing on a comprehensive comparison involving VGG‐16, ResNet‐50, AlexNet, and Inception‐v3. VGG‐16 model outperformed all other models with 95.52% test accuracy, 99.87% training accuracy, and 0.2348 validation loss. ResNet‐50 model got 93.31% test accuracy, 98.78% training accuracy, and 0.6327 validation loss. The CNN model has a 0.2960 validation loss, 92.59% test accuracy, and 98.11% training accuracy. The worst model seemed to be Inception‐v3, with 89.40% test accuracy, 97.89% training accuracy, and 0.4418 validation loss. This approach facilitates deep‐learning researchers in identifying and categorizing brain cancers by comparing recent papers and assessing deep‐learning methodologies.
MWCNT/SiO2 Hybrid Nano‐PCM for Ultrafast Solar Cookers: An Experimental Study
Authors: Sathish T. , Giri Jayant , Saravanan R. , Said Zafar , Al‐lehaibi Moaz 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe pursuit of sustainable energy solutions is crucial in meeting global sustainable development goals (SDGs). This experimental study explores enhancing a box‐type solar cooker's thermal performance through the integration of a hybrid nano‐enhanced phase change material (PCM). Specifically, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silicon oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles were incorporated into the PCM at a 2% concentration, with 1% each of MWCNT and SiO2. The hybrid nano‐PCM was meticulously prepared using ultrasonication to ensure optimal dispersion and homogeneity. This innovative approach significantly improved the cooker's efficiency, achieving a peak PCM temperature of 128.9°C, a cooking power of 47.6 W, an average efficiency of 28.5%, and an energy efficiency of 6.2%. Notably, the cooking time was halved, from 36.3 min to just 18 min, demonstrating the ultrafast capabilities of the solar cooker. These findings underscore the potential of the MWCNT/SiO2 hybrid nano‐PCM in revolutionizing solar cooking technology, offering a cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient solution for sustainable energy harvesting.
PAK3 pathogenic variant associated with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy in a family with parental mosaicism
Authors: Gambardella Antonio , Liu Yu‐Chi , Bennett Mark F. , Green Timothy E. , Damiano John A. , Fortunato Francesco , Coleman Matthew J. , Cherfils Jacqueline , Barnier Jean‐Vianney , Gecz Jozef , Bahlo Melanie , Berkovic Samuel F. , Hildebrand Michael S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProtein‐activated kinases mediate spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity. PAK3 is part of the p21‐activated kinases (PAKs) family of Ras‐signaling serine/threonine kinases. Pathogenic variants in the X‐linked gene PAK3 have been described in patients with neurodevelopmental syndromes. We analyzed an Italian family with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy, intellectual disability, psychiatric and behavioral problems, and dysmorphic facial features. A novel PAK3 c.342_344del (p.Lys114del) inframe deletion was detected in the family. Protein structure analysis supported deleterious impact of p.Lys114 deletion through loss or partial loss of autoinhibition of PAK3 protein kinase activity. The male proband had drug‐resistant hypermotor seizures and moderate intellectual disability. His brother had drug‐responsive hypermotor seizures and mild intellectual disability. Both brothers were hemizygous and had psychiatric and behavioral problems as well as dysmorphic facial features. Their mother had never had seizures but was shown to be mosaic for the PAK3 pathogenic variant. She had normal intellect but did have short stature and dysmorphic facial features similar to her sons. This is the first reported association of a PAK3 pathogenic variant with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy. PAK3 testing should be considered in families with suspected X‐linked sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy and intellectual disability, including for mosaicism in mildly affected females.Plain Language SummaryWe studied an Italian family with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy, intellectual disability, psychiatric and behavioral problems, and dysmorphic facial features. A novel PAK3 c.342_344del (p.Lys114del) inframe deletion was detected in the family. Protein structure analysis supported deleterious impact of p.Lys114 deletion through loss or partial loss of autoinhibition of PAK3 protein kinase activity. This is the first reported association of a PAK3 pathogenic variant with sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy. PAK3 testing should be considered in families with suspected X‐linked sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy and intellectual disability, including for mosaicism in mildly affected females.