bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical explorations of solvent borne adhesives: a lattice-based approach to morphology formation
Authors: Kronberg V Cecilia Erik , Muntean Stela Andrea , Kröger Nils Hendrik , Muntean Adrian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The internal structure of adhesive tapes determines the effective mechanical properties. This holds true especially for blended systems, here consisting of acrylate and rubber phases. In this note, we propose a lattice-based model to study numerically the formation of internal morphologies within a four-component mixture (of discrete particles) where the solvent components evaporate. Mimicking numerically the interaction between rubber, acrylate, and two different types of solvents, relevant for the technology of adhesive tapes, we aim to obtain realistic distributions of rubber ball-shaped morphologies—they play a key role in the overall functionality of those special adhesives. Our model incorporates the evaporation of both solvents and allows for tuning the strength of two essentially different solvent–solute interactions and of the temperature of the system.
Modulation of GaAs nanowire growth by pre-treatment of Si substrate using a Ga focused ion beam
Authors: Shandyba Nikita , Kirichenko Danil , Sharov Vladislav , Chernenko Natalia , Balakirev Sergey , Solodovnik Maxim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We reveal a novel phenomenon observed after self-catalytic growth of GaAs nanowires (NWs) on Si(111) substrates treated with a Ga focused ion beam (FIB). Depending on the ion dose, NW arrays with various geometrical parameters can be obtained. A minor treatment of the substrate enables a slight increase in the surface density of NWs relative to an unmodified substrate area. As the ion dose is increased up to ∼0.1 pC μm−2, the growth of GaAs NWs and nanocrystals is suppressed. However, a further increase in the ion dose stimulates the crystal growth leading to the formation of extremely thin NWs (39 ± 5 nm) with a remarkably high surface density of up to 15 μm−2. Resting upon an analysis of the surface structure before and after stages of ion-beam treatment, ultra-high vacuum annealing and NW growth, we propose a mechanism underlying the phenomenon observed. We assume that the chemical interaction between embedded Ga ions and a native Si oxide layer leads either to the enhancement of the passivation properties of the oxide layer within FIB-modified areas (at low and middle ion doses), or to the etching of the passivating oxide layer by excess Ga atoms, resulting in the formation of pores (at high ion doses). Due to this behavior, local fabrication of GaAs NW arrays with a diverse range of characteristics can be implemented on the same substrate. This approach opens a new way for self-catalytic growth of GaAs NWs.
Theoretical investigation of the optical and electronic properties of surface engineered V
2
N MXene
Authors: Saharan Sunita , Ghanekar Umesh , Meena Shweta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, density functional theory is utilized to explore the impact of surface adsorption of (O, S, Se and Te) on the structural, electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional vanadium nitride (V
2
N) MXene and the results are compared with pristine V
2
N MXene. Our calculations show that V
2
NSe
2 MXene has the most stable structure among all the studied structures. Adsorption energy computations reveal that all terminal groups on the surface of the pristine V
2
N tightly attach to the V atoms. A metallic to semiconductor transition is observed in all the considered V
2
NT
2 (T=O, S, Se and Te) MXene structures. Among them, oxygen, selenium and tellurium adsorbed V
2
N shows a direct bandgap of 0.45, 0.86 and 0.53 eV, respectively. However, in case of sulphur adsorbed V
2
N MXene, an indirect bandgap of 1.19 eV is observed. This study also reports the effect of surface adsorption on the optical properties and dielectric constant of V
2
NT
2 (T=O, S, Se and Te). The results reveal a larger absorption in visible region as well as in ultraviolet region for all the computed structures except oxygen adsorbed V
2
N MXene as compared to pristine V
2
N MXene monolayer, which indicates the significance of surface adsorption on the optical properties of the studied MXene. Additionally, a very low reflectivity has been seen in all the V
2
NT
2 MXene structures as compared to pristine V
2
N. Our findings demonstrate the potential of these surface adsorbed V
2
N MXene materials in novel light-electron conversion devices.
Complexiton solutions, kink soliton and breather-wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional combined potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili with B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Ma Hongcai , Su Nan , Deng Aiping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the (2+1)-dimensional combined potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili with B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is an object of the research. Based on the extended homogeneous balancing method, Auto-Bäcklund transformations are obtained in two cases. Subsequently, with the help of these transformations, we obtain various explicit solutions of this equation. We attain complexiton solutions consisting of exponential, hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions from the Hirota bilinear form of this equation through the extended transformed rational function method. Also, we derive one-kink and two-kink soliton solutions by Maple symbolic calculation and the breather-wave solution via the extended homoclinic test approach. In addition, 3D graphics and density plots of the obtained solutions are depicted to illustrate the dynamical features of these solutions.
Effect of magnetic field on recombination dynamics in random electron systems
Authors: Tito Patricio M A , Pusep Yu A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The evolution of localized electron states with increasing magnetic field is studied using time-resolved photoluminescence in GaAs/AlGaAs short-period superlattices, in which electrons are localized due to quantum interference between electron waves multiply scattered by the short-range potential of a random interface roughness. The nature of electronic states, extended or localized, is fundamentally related to the rate of their recombination, which is determined by the exciton coherence volume. Localization reduces the volume of exciton coherence, thereby decreasing the recombination rate. Correspondingly, the recombination rate in insulating samples turned out to be much lower than in metallic ones. Moreover, in insulating samples, the recombination rate increased with increasing temperature and magnetic field, which was found consistent with the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the electrical resistance. The observed increase in the recombination rate is attributed to the break-down of the quantum interference, leading to delocalization.
Decomposition of multi-particle azimuthal correlations in Q-cumulant analysis*
Authors: Nađđerđ L. , Milošević J. , Devetak D. , Wang 王 Fu-Qiang 福强 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The method of Q-cumulants is a powerful tool for studying the fine details of azimuthal anisotropies in high energy nuclear collisions. This paper presents a new method, based on mathematical induction, to evaluate the analytical form of high-order Q-cumulants. The capability of this method is demonstrated via a toy model that uses the elliptic power distribution to simulate the anisotropic emission of particles, quantified in terms of Fourier flow harmonics

. The method can help in studying the large amount of event statistics that can be collected in the future and allow measurements of the very high central moments of the

distribution. This can, in turn, facilitate progress in understanding the initial geometry, the input to the hydrodynamic calculations of medium expansion in high energy nuclear collisions, and the constraints on it.
Low-frequency turbulence suppression by amplification of synchronized zonal flow with energetic particle driven modes
Authors: Ghizzo A. , Del Sarto D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the suppression of the turbulent transport associated to the emergence of spontaneous internal transport barriers, due to the combined collective effects played by trapped electrons and energetic passing ions. Numerical experiments performed with a ‘particle mode’ model based on a double gyro-average over the fast cyclotron phase and over the bounce (or transit) phases are used to show the role played by energetic particles in the suppression of the ion-temperature-gradient driven turbulence. We show this occur via phase locking in a Kuramoto-type synchronization process.
In-situ coating of silicon-rich films on tokamak plasma-facing components with real-time Si material injection
Authors: Effenberg F. , Abe S. , Sinclair G. , Abrams T. , Bortolon A. , Wampler W.R. , Laggner F.M. , Rudakov D.L. , Bykov I. , Lasnier C.J. , Mauzey D. , Nagy A. , Nazikian R. , Scotti F. , Wang H.Q. , Wilcox R.S. ,   the DIII-D Team
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Experiments have been conducted in the DIII-D tokamak to explore the in-situ growth of silicon-rich layers as a potential technique for real-time replenishment of surface coatings on plasma-facing components (PFCs) during steady-state long-pulse reactor operation. Silicon (Si) pellets of 1 mm diameter were injected into low- and high-confinement (L-mode and H-mode) plasma discharges with densities ranging from 3.9–

7.5
×

10

19

m−3 and input powers ranging from 5.5 to 9 MW. The small Si pellets were delivered with the impurity granule injector at frequencies ranging from 4 to 16 Hz corresponding to mass flow rates of 5–19 mg s−1 (1–

4.2
×

10

20

Si s−1) at cumulative amounts of up to 34 mg of Si per five-second discharge. Graphite samples were exposed to the scrape-off layer and private flux region plasmas through the divertor material evaluation system to evaluate the Si deposition on the divertor targets. The Si II emission at the sample correlates with silicon injection and suggests net surface Si-deposition in measurable amounts. Post-mortem analysis showed Si-rich coatings containing silicon oxides, of which SiO2 is the dominant component. No evidence of SiC was found, which is attributed to low divertor surface temperatures. The in-situ and ex-situ analysis found that Si-rich coatings of at least 0.4–1.2 nm thickness have been deposited at 0.4–0.7 nm s−1. The technique is estimated to coat a surface area of at least 0.94 m2 on the outer divertor. These results demonstrate the potential of using real-time material injection to form Si-enriched layers on divertor PFCs during reactor operation.
Assessment of Water Quality of Al-Habbaniya Lake by Using Statistical Techniques (Cluster and Factor Analysis)
Authors: Al-Paruany Kamal B , Al-Kubaisi Mahmood H , Al-Heety Salam O , Jassaim Ali A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Habbanyia lake is one of the most crucial resources of water, water lake is used mainly for agriculture, animal activities, and drinking water purposes. In addition, it represents a tourist city. Multivariable statistical approach was used to assess the quality of the water of Habbanyia lake in west Baghdad, to determine how the physical and chemical qualities relate of lake water and the local trend of water type. R-mode and Q-mode cluster and factor analyses were used to categorize chemical characteristics and determine the variables influencing changes in quality. The results show, the water samples are considered to be Fresh water and all the lake water samples were within the WHO standard. In general, Ca-SO4 and Na-SO4 facies were the most prevalent in the Habbanyia Lake water. The results show, there are two factors controlling the water quality of Habbanyia lake, the first is geological sitting and the second is human activities.
Developing A Series of Weirs System to Improve Hydraulic Properties and Generate Hydroelectric Power in Rivers
Authors: Abdulhameed Isam M , Kamel Ammar H , Selman Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In present paper, attempts were made to develop a system of weirs along Euphrates River in Iraq to solve the problem of the deficit in power and water resources. Geometric numerical models were created with geographic information system (GIS) with digital elevation model (DEM). The model includes visual basic programming to evaluate the power potentials according to an economic methodology based on the cost-benefit ratio (CBR). It estimates the cost, power profits, and determines the optimal height and number of small dams along the study reach. A system of three dams with a (4.3 m) in height can generate expected power of (45 MW) within (99%) of CBR. The system is simulated with the numerical model (HEC-RAS) to evaluate the river behavior with minimum, average, and maximum discharge values (270, 543, 815 m3/s) and study the hydraulic effect on the river. The hydraulic properties improve by (28%), the average depth increase with (27%), and a decrease in the variation caused by discharge changes. The river tendency is to store water with limited expansion in the surface area. The average surface area expands with (5%), the average storage increase with (35 %) especially in cases of low discharges.
The Effect of Operating Pressures and Speed Ratios on The Evaluation Criteria of The Center Pivot Irrigation System (Valley) in Al Baghdadi Region
Authors: Al-Hashemi MJ , Al-Mehmdy SH 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A study conducted during the 2021winter season in Al Baghdadi region (150) km west of Ramadi City (Iraq) to show the effect of operating pressure and equipment speed on evaluation criteria of the center Pivot Irrigation Systems. Three operating pressures were used in the experiment, which are 25, 30 and 35 pounds inch−2, with three speeds of 25%, 50% and 75% for each pressure. Study result showed that The pressure 30 pounds inch−2 achieved the highest values for the average of the studied traits, as it was 97.22% while the lowest value was recorded at a pressure 25 pounds inch−2 which amounted to 88.70% with a decrease Ratio 9.6%. The pressure 35 pounds inch−2achieved the lowest average water depth 24.13 mm, while the highest average depth of water was at pressure 30 pounds inch−2 35.89 mm with a height Ratio 32.7%. The lowest average value of the water depth variance (qvar.) was 8.34% at pressure 30 pounds inch−2 while the average of this value increased to 28.63% at pressure 35 pounds inch−2 with increase 70.8%. The ratio of the rotational speed of the arm of the system significantly affected the values of each of the studied traits, the velocity 25% achieved the highest average values 30.93 mm and 93.10%, while the speed 75% achieved the lowest rate 26.58 mm and 89.63% With a decrease 16.4% and 3.8% for each of the applied water depth and Uniformity coefficient, respectively. This speed 25% also achieved the lowest average water depth variance, which amounted to 16.02%, while speed75%achieved the highest value of water depth variance, which amounted to 26.59%, with an increase rate 39.7%.
Simulation Design and Analysis for Water Network Inside Building Using Elite(S-Pipe) Software
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed K. , Al-Obaidi Basim H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Humanity is looking for a way to face the problems of lack of habitable land, and the vertical housing method and multi-story buildings was the most appropriate solution for housing a large number of residents in the same space. In this study, the work was to analyze the existing design and re-design for the water supply network inside the building in Bismayah city consists of multi-story buildings of 10 floors, and each floor consists of 12 apartments, 100,000 housing units for the whole city. The water supply network inside the buildings is the only source of water for the residents in the city for drinking and use in various daily activities, taking care of the design of this network guarantees the success of the city. The results showed that the riser pipe in the water supply network inside the building had a diameter range from (3 to 1.5) inches, while the redesign was done by manual calculations and Elite(S-Pipe) software according to the International Plumbing Code 2021. The pipe diameters ranged from (2 to 1) inch, also the main horizontal pipe feeding the riser pipes in the network has a diameter of (4) inches, while the redesign showed the pipe with a graduated diameter from (3 to 2) inches. In general, the study showed that the used diameters are larger than the designed diameters according to the International Plumbing Code 2021, which will negatively affect the performance of the water supply network inside the buildings, in addition to increasing the cost of the network.
Effect of Surface Drip Irrigation and Polymer Addition on Some Physical Soil Characteristics, Growth and Yield Characteristics of Cauliflower
Authors: Hussein Hassan A , Aldulaimy Saad E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted during the fall season at the research station of the University of Anbar - College of Agriculture, cauliflower seedlings were planted on 10/2/2021 in a soil with a sandy loam mixture texture, this research aimed to study the effect of the two irrigation methods, which are surface drip irrigation (IC) and partial drying of the soil surface (IP) and the addition of polymer in the following proportions, They are without adding MO, 0,3%ML, and 0,6%MH in bulk density, porosity, weighted diameter, plant height, leaf area, and total yield, The experimental treatments were distributed using the factorial experiment within the randomized complete block, and the results of the study showed that the method of partial drying of the soil surface was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments by giving it the lowest average of the bulk density values 1,25 mg,g-3 and the highest average of the porosity values at 50,79%, and an increase in the average values of the weighted diameter, plant height, leaf area and total yield at 0,36 mm, 50,33 cm, 10,58 dm plant-1 and 33,61 tons ha-1, respectively, The effect of the polymer treatments on the above traits, the polymer addition treatment was significantly superior by 0,6% by giving it the lowest apparent density at 1,22 Mg,g-3 and the highest mean of the porosity values, which was 52,17%, 11,79 dm per plant-1 and 34,17 tons per hectare-1, respectively,
Improving the Discharge Capacity of the Al Butera River
Authors: Alhamdi Hashim M , Al Thamiry Hayder A 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the province of Maysan, the Al Butera River is one of the most significant tributaries of the Tigris River. It has a length of 48.8 km and reaches the Central Marshes in the south of Maysan from downstream of Al Butera Regulator. Villages and farmland suffer significant. The purpose of this project is to examine and enhance the Al Butera River, which has suffered harm from sedimentation and bank encroachment, particularly during the flooding in April 2019.. Using the available cross-sections and hydraulic data from numerous Ministry of Water Resources. Iraq sectors, a one-dimensional hydraulic model simulating the flow in the Al Butera River was created using the HEC-RAS 5.0.7 software. The fieldwork was conducted to fill in any gaps in the data that were there regarding the river. Fieldwork includes doing an inspection and measuring outflow. Using calibration and verification with a low root mean square error, the simulation demonstrated that Manning’s coefficient is 0.026. Additionally, the Al Butera River has a current capacity of 170 m3/s with the current flood escapes, while its developed capacity for short-term development by raising the banks level is 250 m3/s. However, the river’s long-term development through cross-section alteration with bank-level maintenance is 400 m3/s and does not allow for flood escape. Because there are pavements and populated areas nearby, raising the banks of the Al Butera River by around 2 m would be necessary to develop it to handle the design discharge of 700 m3/s.
Comparison of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Calculated by Jackson Equation and Van Genuchten Equation for Three Different Soils in Their Gypsum Content and Treated with Polymer and Peatmoss
Authors: Th Al-Asafi Raghed B , Al-Hadeethi Isam K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to compare the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) calculated by Jackson equation and van Genuchten equation for soils different in gypsum content and treated with some soil conditioners. Two soils were used, gypsiferous soil (410 gm kg-1gypsium) and clayey soil (435 gm kg-1 clay), were mixed in three levels 0, 50, and 100%. The soils were treated with peat moss 0 and1%, polymer,0,1.and 2% and without addition. Then, were packed into plastic tubes 5 cm diameter and 25 cm in height at bulk density of 1.3 Mg m-3 and were exposed to three wetting / drying cycles. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was calculated from (Jackson equation, and van Genuchten equation. the results showed good agreement between K values measu dy using Jackson and van Genuchten equation using RETC program. The relationship between K and θ and percentages of gypsum is a positive and between K and ψ an inverse relationship. The value of K increased from 81.7 cm. day-1 to 137.8 cm. day-1 when the percentage of gypsum was increased from 46 to 410 g kg-1 consecutively for soil in treated with conditioners and within minor tension limits approaching zero. The K values decreased when the soil was treated with peatmoss and polymer, and the most effective treatment in reducing the K values was a mixture of (2% polymer + 1% peatmoss). The K values remained close to zero with medium to high tensions and also with medium to low θ, and it did not increase to an effective degree except when θ approached its upper limits and with low tensions, and its increase was exponential within these ranges.
Use of Epiphytic Diatoms in Cyperus Papyrus L. As Bioindicators in the Assessment of the Health of the Upper Euphrates River Between the Haditha Dam and Al-Baghdadi, Iraq
Authors: Al Tamaki Abdul Nasir A , Al Obeidi Nawras A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to use epiphytic diatoms in Cyperus papyrus L. plant as biological indicators for estimating the water quality of the upper Euphrates River between Haditha Dam and Al-Baghdadi. Biodiversity and biological indicators for water quality estimation, along with the Canadian Water Quality Index. The study showed that the water of the upper Euphrates River is warm, light alkaline, the electrical conductivity and the total dissolved soled of water affected by agricultural land water and human activities, turbidity, total hardness and the biological oxygen demand, chloride and sodium did not exceed the permissible limits, while the values of calcium, nitrate and phosphate exceeded the permissible limits. And that the calcium values have exceeded the magnesium values, and that the water in the river is well ventilated. We have identified 130 species of epiphytic diatoms in Cyperus papyrus L. plant, including 6 species (5%) belonging to the centrales diatoms and 124 species (95%) belonging to the pennales diatoms, and the highest total number of cells of the epiphytic diatoms was recorded as 1322.3 cells x 103 / gm in site I. The values of physical and chemical factors, ecological indices, and water quality index agreed that the water of the upper Euphrates River is of moderate pollution, medium biodiversity, mesotrophic, and homogeneous in the presence of species.