bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Local Functional Evolution in NiTi Shape Memory Alloys by Multicycle Nanoindentations
Authors: Furgiuele Franco , Greco Alessia , Magarò Pietro , Sgambitterra Emanuele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, NiTi pseudoelastic alloy was studied to investigate the local functional response using nanoindentation. Two different experiments were carried out to analyze the recovery capability and stiffness evolution: single indentation tests in depth control mode, for maximum penetration depth ranging from 500 to 3000 nm and multicycle indentations, which consist in indenting the same point multiple times. For both cases, a sharp (Berkovich) and a blunt (spherical) tip were used. For a better interpretation of the results, microstructural analysis and finite element simulations were also carried out. A stiffer response and a lower recovery capability of the material are recorded for Berkovich indentations compared to the spherical ones. In multicycle tests, it was observed a first relative quick functional degradation of the material response, in terms of recovery capability, and a subsequent stabilization that typically occurs after 100–150 cycles. Furthermore, for both tips, it was observed that the material stiffness tends to decrease with the number of indentation cycles and by increasing the penetration depth. These results are attributed to the different strain maps induced by the different geometries of the tips, the evolution of the martensitic region in the process zone, and the interactions with the microstructure.
How Well Do High-Achieving Undergraduate Students Understand School Algebra?
Authors: Hyland Diarmaid , O’Shea Ann 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate how well high-achieving students entering tertiary-level education in Ireland understand school algebra. As part of a larger project, a 31-item test was developed to assess first-year undergraduate students’ understanding of basic algebraic concepts. The test was administered online to students studying at least one mathematics module at tertiary level and received 327 responses. In this article, we study how the subset of high-achieving undergraduates in our sample performed on the test. The results demonstrated a very high level of understanding among students, as befits their level of study and prior achievement relative to the difficulty of the test. However, one subsection of the test stood out as being disproportionately difficult for these students. The section focused on valid solutions of equations and inequalities. The items in question are described in detail in this article as is the associated data. Our analysis shows that this topic is an area of concern even for high-achieving undergraduates and so deserves further attention. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this research and details of the larger project.
Semantic segmentation model for land cover classification from satellite images in Gambella National Park, Ethiopia
Authors: Lilay Mulugeta Yikuno , Taye Gizatie Desalegn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work uses machine learning approaches to present semantic segmentation for land cover classification in Gambella National Park (GNP). Land cover classification has become more accurate due to developments in remote sensing data. Land cover classification from satellite images has been studied, but the methodologies and satellite data employed so far are not suitable for research regions with the possibility to find heterogeneous land cover classes within small areas. Previous studies found issues with the satellite images coarser spatial resolution, the use of standard statistical methods as classifiers, and the difficulty in optimal patch size selection when patch-based classification is used. To address these issues, we suggested a deep learning-based semantic segmentation model that could be utilized as a pixel-level land cover classification technique. The suggested technique employed high-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite images of our study area (GNP) as a dataset and constructed and assessed pixel-level classification models. As a deep learning-based classification model, we have used the Link-Net architecture and its encoder part was modified further to incorporate the state-of-the-art architecture called ResNet34. The developed models, support vector machine with CNN features (CNN–SVM), random forest with CNN features (CNN-RF), LinkNet model with ResNet-34 as encoder (LinkNet-ResNet34), attain average F1-Score values of 81%,82%, and 87.4% respectively.
SMMO-CoFS: Synthetic Multi-minority Oversampling with Collaborative Feature Selection for Network Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Damtew Yeshalem Gezahegn , Chen Hongmei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearchers publish various studies to improve the performance of network intrusion detection systems. However, there is still a high false alarm rate and missing intrusions due to class imbalance in the multi-class dataset. This imbalanced distribution of classes results in low detection accuracy for the minority classes. This paper proposes a Synthetic Multi-minority Oversampling (SMMO) framework by integrating with a collaborative feature selection (CoFS) approach in network intrusion detection systems. Our framework aims to increase the detection accuracy of the extreme minority classes (i.e., user-to-root and remote-to-local attacks) by improving the dataset’s class distribution and selecting relevant features. In our framework, SMMO generates synthetic data and iteratively over-samples multi-minority classes. And the collaboration of correlation-based feature selection with an evolutionary algorithm selects essential features. We evaluate our framework with a random forest, J48, BayesNet, and AdaBoostM1. In a multi-class NSL-KDD dataset, the experimental results show that the proposed framework significantly improves the detection accuracy of the extreme minority classes compared with other approaches.
An analytical model for ACSR approach to vibration reduction in a helicopter rotor-flexible fuselage system
Authors: Chiu T. , Friedmann P. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a coupled rotor-flexible fuselage model which is suitable for simulating vibration reduction based on the active control of structural response (ACSR) approach. The rotor is an Nb-bladed aeroelastic model, with coupled flap-lag-torsional dynamics for each blade. Moderate blade deflections are included, together with complete coupling between rotor and fuselage dynamics. This aeroelastic response model is combined with a control algorithm based on an internal model principle. The control scheme effectively reduces vibrations to 0·05g levels or lower, using reasonable actuator forces. The baseline vibration levels in the fuselage are relatively high. This is due to the lack of damping modelling in the fuselage. With the actuators engaged, the hub loads remain virtually unchanged and therefore this control approach has no influence on vehicle airworthiness.
Effect of Standing Water on Formation of Fan‐Shaped Sedimentary Deposits at Hypanis Valles, Mars
Authors: Limaye Ajay B. , Adler Jacob B. , Moodie Andrew J. , Whipple Kelin X. , Howard Alan D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFan‐shaped sedimentary deposits are key indicators of paleoclimate on Mars. The largest example, a multi‐lobed deposit (>1,000 km2) at the outlet of Hypanis Valles, may have formed either subaerially or at the edge of a water body. We used a numerical model to test whether these contrasting basin boundary conditions would cause deposit geometries that are diagnostic and distinguishable from orbit. We compared depositional scenarios with either (a) fully subaerial conditions, (b) a constant water level, or (c) a falling water level. In the model, standing water generates deposits that are thicker, less extensive, and increase in dip angle from proximal to distal locations. Nonetheless, deposit geometries for all scenarios are consistent with orbital observations, which are inconclusive regarding a topset‐foreset break that would indicate standing water. Thus, it is possible that the Hypanis deposits formed subaerially, without a water body onlapping the Mars dichotomy boundary.
An Intensity and Size Phase Space for Tropical Cyclone Structure and Evolution
Authors: Casas Eleanor G. , Tao Dandan , Bell Michael M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntensity and size are important to characterize a tropical cyclone (TC), but there are a wide variety of ways that both metrics are defined. TC intensity can refer to either a maximum sustained wind speed at some height level or central surface pressure minimum, and TC size may refer to the radius of maximum wind, the radius of gale force wind, or be based on other criteria. While different definitions of TC intensity and size have useful applications, there are varying amounts of redundant information and covariations between some size and intensity variables that make investigating physical relationships more challenging. In this study, we use aircraft observations and Best Track information to calculate an empirical orthogonal function analysis that yields new, orthogonal metrics of TC intensity and size. The new, linearly independent metrics reduce a seven‐dimensional space of co‐varying parameters into a simplified, two‐dimensional phase space in which key TC structural changes can be visualized and historically contextualized. Additionally, our analysis introduces a new parameter that is a simplified measure of the wind decay outside the radius of maximum tangential velocity. We show that this decay parameter is nearly orthogonal to the new intensity and size metrics and is useful for identifying TC maturity. We demonstrate the utility of the new phase space by first comparing the structural evolution of the large Hurricane Rita (2005) and small Hurricane Charley (2004) using observations, as well as comparing two modeling simulations of Hurricane Rita with different initial conditions in the phase space.
The mechanical phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cell: an emerging driver of therapy cross-resistance
Authors: Diazzi Serena , Tartare-Deckert Sophie , Deckert Marcel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdvanced cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and one of the most aggressive human cancers. Targeted therapies (TT) against BRAF mutated melanoma and immune checkpoints blockade therapies (ICB) have been a breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, therapy-driven resistance remains a major hurdle in the clinical management of the metastatic disease. Besides shaping the tumor microenvironment, current treatments impact transition states to promote melanoma cell phenotypic plasticity and intratumor heterogeneity, which compromise treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes. In this context, mesenchymal-like dedifferentiated melanoma cells exhibit a remarkable ability to autonomously assemble their own extracellular matrix (ECM) and to biomechanically adapt in response to therapeutic insults, thereby fueling tumor relapse. Here, we review recent studies that highlight mechanical phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells as a hallmark of adaptive and non-genetic resistance to treatment and emerging driver in cross-resistance to TT and ICB. We also discuss how targeting BRAF-mutant dedifferentiated cells and ECM-based mechanotransduction pathways may overcome melanoma cross-resistance.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuroimaging in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Mahmoud Asmaa A. , Abd El Naby Sameh A. , Abdelgawad Ahmed S. , Rizq Marwa Sabry , Abd El Hady Nahla M. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of neurological complications is increased in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), such as silent cerebral infarction (SCI) and stroke. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a nerve growth factor associated with elevated transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities and increased risk of stroke in SCD patients. So, we assessed the BDNF level in children with SCD and its relation to neurological complication as silent stroke.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 patients with SCD, recruited from the Hematology Unit, Pediatric Department, Menoufia University Hospital, and 40 healthy children as controls. Laboratory investigations including BDNF were done. TCD was done for all patients and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was done on high-risk patients.ResultsBDNF levels were significantly higher in children with SCD than in controls with a significant relation to TCD findings. There was a statistically significant diagnostic ability of BDNF in the prediction of SCD complications as its sensitivity was 89.5%, specificity (95% CI) was 80% with a cut-off point >0.69, AUC = 0.702, andp = 0.004).ConclusionSerum BDNF levels were higher in sickle disease patients who had abnormal transcranial Doppler. BDNF had a significant diagnostic ability in the detection of SCD complications.ImpactSilent stroke is a very serious complication in children with sickle cell disease, so regular follow up should be every six months.BDNF is considered a potential biomarker for stroke risk prediction in patients unable to receive TCD.
Active predation, phylogenetic diversity, and global prevalence of myxobacteria in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Zhang Lu , Huang Xinyu , Zhou Jizhong , Ju Feng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The operation of modern wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is driven by activated sludge microbiota, a complex assemblage of trophically interacting microorganisms. Microbial predation is crucial to fundamental understanding of how biological interactions drive microbiome structuring and functioning of WWTPs. However, predatory bacteria have received little attention regarding their diversity, activity, and ecological function in activated sludge, limiting the exploitation of food web interactions for wastewater microbiome engineering. Here, by using rRNA-stable isotope probing of activated sludge microbiota with 13C-labeled prey bacteria, we uncovered diverse as-yet-uncultivated putative predatory bacteria that actively incorporated 13C-biomass. Myxobacteria, especially Haliangium and the mle1-27 clade, were found as the dominant active predators, refreshing conventional views based on a few predatory isolates of Bdellovibrionota from WWTPs. The identified predatory bacteria showed more selective predation on prey compared with the protists dominated by ciliates, providing in situ evidence for inter-domain predation behavior divergence in activated sludge. Putative predatory bacteria were tracked over a two-year microbiome monitoring effort at a local WWTP, revealing the predominance of Myxococcota (6.5 ± 1.3%) over Bdellovibrionota (1.0 ± 0.2%) lineages. Phylogenetic analysis unveiled highly diverse myxobacteria inhabiting activated sludge and suggested a habitat filtering effect in global WWTPs. Further mining of a global activated sludge microbiome dataset revealed the prevalence of Myxococcota (5.4 ± 0.1%) species and potential impacts of myxobacterial predation on process performance. Collectively, our findings provided unique insights into the predating activity, diversity, and prevalence of Myxococcota species in activated sludge, highlighting their links with wastewater treatment processes via trophic regulation of enteric and functional bacteria.
Genomic patterns linked to gray matter alterations underlying working memory deficits in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Duan Kuaikuai , Chen Jiayu , Calhoun Vince D. , Jiang Wenhao , Rootes-Murdy Kelly , Schoenmacker Gido , Silva Rogers F. , Franke Barbara , Buitelaar Jan K. , Hoogman Martine , Oosterlaan Jaap , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Heslenfeld Dirk , Hartman Catharina A. , Sprooten Emma , Arias-Vasquez Alejandro , Turner Jessica A. , Liu Jingyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, with onset in childhood and a considerable likelihood to persist into adulthood. Our previous work has identified that across adults and adolescents with ADHD, gray matter volume (GMV) alteration in the frontal cortex was consistently associated with working memory underperformance, and GMV alteration in the cerebellum was associated with inattention. Recent knowledge regarding ADHD genetic risk loci makes it feasible to investigate genomic factors underlying these persistent GMV alterations, potentially illuminating the pathology of ADHD persistence. Based on this, we applied a sparsity-constrained multivariate data fusion approach, sparse parallel independent component analysis, to GMV variations in the frontal and cerebellum regions and candidate risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data from 341 unrelated adult participants, including 167 individuals with ADHD, 47 unaffected siblings, and 127 healthy controls. We identified one SNP component significantly associated with one GMV component in superior/middle frontal regions and replicated this association in 317 adolescents from ADHD families. The association was stronger in individuals with ADHD than in controls, and stronger in adults and older adolescents than in younger ones. The SNP component highlights 93 SNPs in long non-coding RNAs mainly in chromosome 5 and 21 protein-coding genes that are significantly enriched in human neuron cells. Eighteen identified SNPs have regulation effects on gene expression, transcript expression, isoform percentage, or methylation level in frontal regions. Identified genes highlight MEF2C, CADM2, and CADPS2, which are relevant for modulating neuronal substrates underlying high-level cognition in ADHD, and their causality effects on ADHD persistence await further investigations. Overall, through a multivariate analysis, we have revealed a genomic pattern underpinning the frontal gray matter variation related to working memory deficit in ADHD.
RIPK3 controls MAIT cell accumulation during development but not during infection
Authors: Patton Timothy , Zhao Zhe , Lim Xin Yi , Eddy Eleanor , Wang Huimeng , Nelson Adam G. , Ennis Bronte , Eckle Sidonia B. G. , Souter Michael N. T. , Pediongco Troi J. , Koay Hui-Fern , Zhang Jian-Guo , Djajawi Tirta M. , Louis Cynthia , Lalaoui Najoua , Jacquelot Nicolas , Lew Andrew M. , Pellicci Daniel G. , McCluskey James , Zhan Yifan , Chen Zhenjun , Lawlor Kate E. , Corbett Alexandra J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCell death mechanisms in T lymphocytes vary according to their developmental stage, cell subset and activation status. The cell death control mechanisms of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a specialized T cell population, are largely unknown. Here we report that MAIT cells express key necroptotic machinery; receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein, in abundance. Despite this, we discovered that the loss of RIPK3, but not necroptotic effector MLKL or apoptotic caspase-8, specifically increased MAIT cell abundance at steady-state in the thymus, spleen, liver and lungs, in a cell-intrinsic manner. In contrast, over the course of infection with Francisella tularensis, RIPK3 deficiency did not impact the magnitude of the expansion nor contraction of MAIT cell pools. These findings suggest that, distinct from conventional T cells, the accumulation of MAIT cells is restrained by RIPK3 signalling, likely prior to thymic egress, in a manner independent of canonical apoptotic and necroptotic cell death pathways.
Coupling of autophagy and the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis pathway modulates proteostasis and ageing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ploumi Christina , Kyriakakis Emmanouil , Tavernarakis Nektarios 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMitochondria preserve metabolic homeostasis and integrate stress signals, to trigger cytoprotective, or cell death pathways. Mitochondrial homeostasis and function decline with age. The mechanisms underlying the deterioration of mitochondrial homeostasis during ageing, or in age-associated pathologies, remain unclear. Here, we show that CISD-1, a mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster binding protein, implicated in the pathogenesis of Wolfram neurodegenerative syndrome type 2, modulates longevity in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansby engaging autophagy and the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The anti-apoptotic protein CED-9 is the downstream effector that mediates CISD-1-dependent effects on proteostasis, neuronal integrity and lifespan. Moreover, intracellular iron abundance is critical for CISD-1 function, since mild iron supplementation is sufficient to decelerate ageing and partly ameliorate the disturbed mitochondrial bioenergetics and proteostasis of CISD-1 deficient animals. Our findings reveal that CISD-1 serves as a mechanistic link between autophagy and the apoptotic pathway in mitochondria to differentially modulate organismal proteostasis and ageing, and suggest novel approaches which could facilitate the treatment of Wolfram Syndrome or related diseases.
Copper homeostasis and copper-induced cell death in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Cai Qi , Liang Ruikai , Zhang Deju , Liu Xiao , Zhang Meiying , Xiong Yan , Xu Minxuan , Liu Qi , Li Pengyang , Yu Peng , Shi Ao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCopper is a vital mineral, and an optimal amount of copper is required to support normal physiologic processes in various systems, including the cardiovascular system. Over the past few decades, copper-induced cell death, named cuproptosis, has become increasingly recognized as an important process mediating the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cuproptosis in CVD may be useful for improving CVD management. Here, we review the relationship between copper homeostasis and cuproptosis-related pathways in CVD, as well as therapeutic strategies addressing copper-induced cell death in CVD.
CDK5RAP2 is a Wnt target gene and promotes stemness and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shen Yuehong , Chen Yuling , Lin Yuntao , Li Yicun , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Biru , Wang Yufan , Chan King-Chi , Mak Nai-Ki , Kahn Michael , Qi Robert Z. , Yang Hongyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a highly aggressive and frequently lethal malignancy, the role and action mechanism of the microtubule regulatory protein CDK5RAP2 have not been fully understood. Here, we show that CDK5RAP2 is highly expressed in OSCC and its expression correlates with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis of the disease. The expression of CDK5RAP2 is regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Depletion of CDK5RAP2 inhibits the tumorigenesis and migration of OSCC cells and alters the OSCC cancer stem (-like) cell (CSC) signature. Notably, suppression of CDK5RAP2 expression disrupts spindle orientation during mitosis. Collectively, these results identify CDK5RAP2 as a potential CSC marker and reveal a mechanism that controls the CSC population in OSCC.