bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–18
Authors: Liang Xiaopeng , Or Benjamin , Tsoi Man F , Cheung Ching L , Cheung Bernard M Y 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–18.

Methods
This study included 8183 eligible nonpregnant participants aged ≥20 years from the NHANES 2011–18. MetS was defined as the presence of at least three of the following components: central obesity, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting blood glucose. The prevalence of MetS was estimated taking into account the complex sampling. The time trend was evaluated using logistic regression.

Results
The total prevalence of MetS increased from 37.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 34.0%–41.4%] in 2011–12 to 41.8% (95% CI: 38.1%–45.7%) in 2017–18 (P for trend = .028). Among the MetS components, the prevalence of elevated glucose increased from 48.9% (95% CI: 45.7%–52.5%) in 2011–12 to 64.7% (95% CI: 61.4%–67.9%) in 2017–18 (P for trend &lt;.001). The prevalence of MetS in participants with low educational attainment increased from 44.4% (95% CI: 38.8%–50.1%) in 2011–12 to 55.0% (95% CI: 50.8%–59.1%) in 2017–18 (P for trend = .01).

Conclusion
The prevalence of MetS increased during 2011–18, notably in participants with low educational attainment. Lifestyle modification is needed to prevent MetS and the associated risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Key messages What is already known on this topic: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is an index of the cardiometabolic health of a population. What this study adds: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in US adults increased during 2011–18, notably in participants with low educational attainment. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy: Lifestyle modification is needed to prevent metabolic syndrome and the associated risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
CEBPB upregulates P4HA2 to promote the malignant biological behavior in IDH1 wildtype glioma
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wu Jingheng , Zhao Wujun , Li Miaomiao , Li Shaoyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTemozolomide (TMZ), the primary drug for glioma treatment, has limited treatment efficacy. Additionally, considerable evidence shows that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation‐type (IDH1 mut) gliomas have a better response to TMZ than isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 wildtype (IDH1 wt) gliomas. Here, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms underlying this phenotype. Herein, the Cancer Genome Atlas bioinformatic data and 30 clinical samples from patients were analyzed to reveal the expression level of cytosine‐cytosine‐adenosine‐adenosine‐thymidine (CCAAT) Enhancer Binding Protein Beta (CEBPB) and prolyl 4‐hydroxylase subunit alpha 2 (P4HA2) in gliomas. Next, cellular and animal experiments, including cell proliferation, colony formation, transwell, CCK‐8, and xenograft assays, were performed to explore the tumor‐promoting effects of P4HA2 and CEBPB. Then, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to confirm the regulatory relationships between them. Finally, a co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay was performed to confirm the effect of IDH1‐132H to CEBPB proteins. We found that CEBPB and P4HA2 expression was significantly upregulated in IDH1 wt gliomas and associated with poor prognosis. CEBPB knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and temozolomide resistance of glioma cells and hindered the growth of glioma xenograft tumors. CEBPE, as a transcription factor, exerted its function by transcriptionally upregulating P4HA2 expression in glioma cells. Importantly, CEBPB is prone to ubiquitin‐proteasomal degradation in IDH1 R132H glioma cells. We also demonstrated that both genes are related to collagen synthesis, as confirmed by in vivo experiments. Thus, CEBPE promotes proliferation and TMZ resistance by inducing P4HA2 expression in glioma cells and offers a potential therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
The STING inhibitor C‐176 attenuates osteoclast‐related osteolytic diseases by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Yu Zhen‐cheng , Fu Rao , Li Yun , Zhao Dan‐yang , Jiang Hao , Han Dong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInflammatory osteolysis occurs primarily in the context of osteoarthritis, aseptic inflammation, prosthesis loosening, and other conditions. An excessive immune inflammatory response causes excessive activation of osteoclasts, leading to bone loss and bone destruction. The signaling protein stimulator of interferon gene (STING) can regulate the immune response of osteoclasts. C‐176 is a furan derivative that can inhibit activation of the STING pathway and exert anti‐inflammatory effects. The effect of C‐176 on osteoclast differentiation is not yet clear. In this study, we found that C‐176 could inhibit STING activation in osteoclast precursor cells and inhibit osteoclast activation induced by nuclear factor κB ligand receptor activator in a dose‐dependent manner. After treatment with C‐176, the expression of the osteoclast differentiation marker genes nuclear factor of activated T‐cells c1(NFATc1), cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor, and V‐ATPase a3 decreased. In addition, C‐176 reduced actin loop formation and bone resorption capacity. The WB results showed that C‐176 downregulated the expression of the osteoclast marker protein NFATc1 and inhibited activation of the STING‐mediated NF‐κB pathway. We also found that C‐176 could inhibit the phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway factors induced by RANKL. Moreover, we verified that C‐176 could reduce LPS‐induced bone absorption in mice, reduce joint destruction in knee arthritis induced by meniscal instability, and protect against cartilage matrix loss in ankle arthritis induced by collagen immunity. In summary, our findings demonstrated that C‐176 could inhibit the formation and activation of osteoclasts and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory osteolytic diseases.
Noninvasive quantitative evaluation of viable islet grafts using 111In‐exendin‐4 SPECT/CT
Authors: Botagarova Ainur , Murakami Takaaki , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Fauzi Muhammad , Kiyobayashi Sakura , Otani Daisuke , Fujimoto Nanae , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIslet transplantation (IT) is an effective β‐cell replacement therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes; however, the lack of methods to detect islet grafts and evaluate their β‐cell mass (BCM) has limited the further optimization of IT protocols. Therefore, the development of noninvasive β‐cell imaging is required. In this study, we investigated the utility of the 111Indium‐labeled exendin‐4 probe {[Lys12(111In‐BnDTPA‐Ahx)] exendin‐4} (111In exendin‐4) to evaluate islet graft BCM after intraportal IT. The probe was cultured with various numbers of isolated islets. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice were intraportally transplanted with 150 or 400 syngeneic islets. After a 6‐week observation following IT, the ex‐vivo liver graft uptake of 111In‐exendin‐4 was compared with the liver insulin content. In addition, the in‐vivo liver graft uptake of 111In exendin‐4 using SPECT/CT was compared with that of liver graft BCM measured by a histological method. As a result, probe accumulation was significantly correlated with islet numbers. The ex‐vivo liver graft uptake in the 400‐islet‐transplanted group was significantly higher than that in the control and the 150‐islet‐transplanted groups, consistent with glycemic control and liver insulin content. In conclusion, in‐vivo SPECT/CT displayed liver islet grafts, and uptakes were corroborated by histological liver BCM. 111In‐exendin‐4 SPECT/CT can be used to visualize and evaluate liver islet grafts noninvasively after intraportal IT.
Pediatric Cranioplasty Patients With Hostile Reconstructive Environments
Authors: Burge Kaitlin G. , Soto Edgar , Derise Natalie , Rocque Brandon G. , Grant John H. , Myers René P. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Pediatric cranial defects can be preceded by prior infection, radiation therapy, failed prior cranioplasty, or cerebrospinal fluid leak, leading to a complex reconstructive environment. The primary aim of this study was to investigate differences in outcomes between pediatric patients with hostile reconstructive environments who received split-calvarial autologous grafts as opposed to prosthetic grafts in cranioplasty.

Methods
We performed an institutional review board–approved retrospective chart review of 51 patients younger than 18 years who underwent cranioplasty with a hostile setting between 1998 and 2020. Patients were then stratified into prosthetic (45%) and autologous groups (54%). The primary outcome measured was postoperative complication, defined as requirement of a subsequent surgery or revision.

Results
Overall, there were no significant differences in age, sex, type of hostile setting, etiology of cranial defect, or side of the cranial defect between the 2 groups. Complication rate among the 2 graft groups was 18%. However, there were no significant differences in complications, defined as infection, failure or resorption of the graft, wound breakdown or necrosis, resulting bone defect, or hematoma, between the 2 populations. There was a significant difference in etiology between patients with complications, with patients who required a cranioplasty due to previous hemicraniectomy being nearly 5 times as likely to face a complication (P = 0.045).

Conclusions
In our study, there was no significant difference observed in complications between prosthetic and split-thickness autologous grafts in pediatric patients with hostile settings. It does, however, seem that patients who had a previous hemicraniectomy are more likely to face complications as a result of cranioplasty.
Effect of one-size-fits-all amplification in Bluetooth hearing devices for hearing impaired listeners’ speech recognition
Authors: Bell Neila , Gibbs Leah , Ham Jusung , Howerton Kayla , Choi Inyong , Lee Jaeseong , Bang Kyoung Ho , Moon Han-gil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHearing loss is a highly prevalent chronic condition that degrades the quality of life. Although hearing aids provide immediate and efficient benefits to listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss, the prevalence of hearing aid use has been low. Consumer wireless earbuds are increasingly being equipped with the ability to amplify external sounds, which can be an affordable alternative to hearing aids. This study compared the amplification performance of non-customized Bluetooth consumer hearables to high-end hearing aids when used by people with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. We found that such a non-customized consumer device significantly enhances the speech recognition of listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss, although its performance did not reach the hearing aids. These results determine the extent to which inexpensive and accessible non-customized Bluetooth hearables can help people with mild-to-moderate hearing loss.
Stochastic population models to identify optimal and cost-effective harvest strategies for feral pig eradication
Authors: Hamnett Peter W. , Saltré Frédérik , Page Brad , Tarran Myall , Korcz Matt , Fielder Kate , Andrews Lindell , Bradshaw Corey J. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEradicating feral pigs from island ecosystems can assist in restoring damaged biodiversity values and protect commercial industries such as agriculture. Although many feral pig eradications have been attempted, management decisions are often led by practitioner experience rather than empirical evidence. Few interventions have been guided by population models to identify harvest rates necessary to achieve eradication within a specified time frame, nor have they applied data on control effort and cost to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of proposed control strategies. We used effort and cost data from a feral pig-control program on Kangaroo Island, South Australia over 17 months to derive functional-response relationships between control effort (hours pig-1) and pig abundance for four control methods: (i) ground-based shooting, (ii) trapping with remote triggers, (iii) poison baiting, and (iv) thermal-assisted aerial culling. We developed a stochastic Leslie matrix with compensatory density feedback on survival and fertility to project population trajectories from an initial population (N0) of 250 female pigs with an estimated island-wide carrying capacity (K) of 2500 over 3 and 10 years for populations subjected to an annual harvest of 35% to 95%. We built functional-response models to calculate annual effort and cost for six cull scenarios across all harvest rates. We derived total cost and effort over 3- and 10-year projections from the sum of annual cost and effort within the projection intervals. Pig populations were reduced to < 10%N0based on harvest rates > 70% and 50% for culls of 3- and 10-year duration, respectively. In all scenarios except ‘trapping only’, the total cost to reduce population to ≤ 10% ofN0decreased with increasing harvest proportion, with lower total costs incurred over 3 years compared to 10 years. The simulations suggest that the most cost-effective approach for most scenarios is to maximise annual harvest and complete eradication effort over the shortest periods.
MAHOMES II: A webserver for predicting if a metal binding site is enzymatic
Authors: Feehan Ryan , Copeland Matthew , Franklin Meghan W. , Slusky Joanna S. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent advances have enabled high-quality computationally generated structures for proteins with no solved crystal structures. However, protein function data remains largely limited to experimental methods and homology mapping. Since structure determines function, it is natural that methods capable of using computationally generated structures for functional annotations need to be advanced. Our laboratory recently developed a method to distinguish between metalloenzyme and non-enzyme sites. Here we report improvements to this method by upgrading our physicochemical features to alleviate the need for structures with sub-angstrom precision and using machine learning to reduce training data labeling error. Our improved classifier identifies protein bound metal sites as enzymatic or non-enzymatic with 94% precision and 92% recall. We demonstrate that both adjustments increased predictive performance and reliability on sites with sub-angstrom variations. We constructed a set of predicted metalloprotein structures with no solved crystal structures and no detectable homology to our training data. Our model had an accuracy of 90 - 97.5% depending on the quality of the predicted structures included in our test. Finally, we found the physicochemical trends that drove this model’s successful performance were local protein density, second shell ionizable residue burial, and the pocket’s accessibility to the site. We anticipate that our model’s ability to correctly identify catalytic metal sites could enable identification of new enzymatic mechanisms and improvede novometalloenzyme design success rates.Significance statementIdentification of enzyme active sites on proteins with unsolved crystallographic structures can accelerate discovery of novel biochemical reactions, which can impact healthcare, industrial processes, and environmental remediation. Our lab has developed an ML tool for predicting sites on computationally generated protein structures as enzymatic and non-enzymatic. We have made our tool available on a webserver, allowing the scientific community to rapidly search previously unknown protein function space.
Improving radio transmitter attachment methods for small mammals through captive trials and field studies
Authors: Robinson Freya , Van de Weyer Nikki , Henry Steve , Hinds Lyn A. , Brown Peter R. , Ruscoe Wendy A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRadio tracking can be used to collect information about animal movement, home range, behaviour and habitat use. Many field studies have fitted radio transmitters to small rodents using permanent nylon cable tie collars and successfully collected movement and fate data. The approach to animal welfare within the context of scientific research prioritises minimising adverse effects on the research animals. While a range of electronically activated release mechanisms exist in radio tracking collars for larger mammals, weight and size restrictions make these unsuitable for smaller animals (< 30 g). Our aim was to identify a radio transmitter model and attachment method of an appropriate size and weight, which would remain attached to a house mouse (Mus musculus) for >20 days to collect movement data and then detach or show signs of detaching after 30 days. Laboratory and field trials established that cable ties with a cotton thread weak-link, using heat shrink to attach a customised radio transmitter worked for wild house mice in agricultural fields. Glue-on methods did not stay attached for long enough to obtain more than a few days tracking data.Short summaryCollecting meaningful radio tracking data for small mammals weighing <30 grams relies on selecting radio transmitter attachment methods suitable for the target species while prioritising animal welfare. Developing a non-permanent radio transmitter attachment for house mice is challenging due to size and weight constraints however, by trialling methods in the laboratory and field we developed a suitable radio collar with an in-built weak-link. Our non-permanent weak-link radio collar is an important improvement on existing permanent radio collars for small mammals.
TCR Repertoire Analysis of CD4-Positive T Cells from Blood and an Affected Organ in an Autoimmune Mouse Model
Authors: Ishikawa Tatsuya , Horie Kenta , Takakura Yuki , Ohki Houko , Maruyama Yuya , Hayama Mio , Miyauchi Maki , Miyao Takahisa , Hagiwara Naho , Kobayashi Tetsuya J. , Akiyama Nobuko , Akiyama Taishin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne hallmark of some autoimmune diseases is the variability of symptoms among individuals. Organs affected by the disease differ between patients, posing a challenge in diagnosing the affected organs. Although numerous studies have investigated the correlation between T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoires and the development of infectious and immune diseases, the correlation between TCR repertoires and variations in disease symptoms among individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of TCRα and β repertoires in blood T cells with the extent of autoimmune signs that varies among individuals. We sequenced TCRα and β of CD4+CD44highCD62LlowT cells in the blood and stomachs of mice deficient in autoimmune regulator (Aire) (AIRE KO), a mouse model of human autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). Data analysis revealed that the degree of similarity in TCR sequences between the blood and stomach varied among individual AIRE KO mice and reflected the extent of T cell infiltration in the stomach. We identified a set of TCR sequences whose frequencies in blood might correlate with extent of the stomach manifestations. Our results propose a potential of using TCR repertoires not only for diagnosing disease development but also for diagnosing affected organs in autoimmune diseases.
Regulation of B cell function and expression of CD11c, T-bet, and FcRL5 in response to different activation signals
Authors: Kleberg Linn , Courey-Ghaouzi Alan-Dine , Lautenbach Maximilian Julius , Färnert Anna , Sundling Christopher 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCD11c, FcRL5, or T-bet are commonly expressed by B cells expanding during inflammation, where they can make up >30% of mature B cells. However, the association between the proteins and differentiation and function in the host response remain largely unclear. We have assessed the co-expression of CD11c, T-bet and FcRL5 in an in vitro B cell culture system to determine how stimulation via the B cell receptor (BCR), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and different cytokines influence CD11c, T-bet, and FcRL5 expression. We observed different expression dynamics for all markers, but a largely overlapping regulation of CD11c and FcRL5 in response to BCR and TLR9 activation, while T-bet was strongly dependent on IFN-γ signalling. Investigating plasma cell differentiation and antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions, there was no association between marker expression and antibody secretion or T cell help. Rather the functions were associated with TLR9-signalling and B cell-derived IL-6 production, respectively. These results suggest that the expression of CD11c, FcRL5, and T-bet and plasma cell differentiation and improved APC functions occur in parallel and are regulated by similar activation signals, but that they are not interdependent.
A deep population reference panel of tandem repeat variation
Authors: Jam Helyaneh Ziaei , Li Yang , DeVito Ross , Mousavi Nima , Ma Nichole , Lujumba Ibra , Adam Yagoub , Maksimov Mikhail , Huang Bonnie , Dolzhenko Egor , Qiu Yunjiang , Kakembo Fredrick Elishama , Joseph Habi , Onyido Blessing , Adeyemi Jumoke , Bakhtiari Mehrdad , Park Jonghun , Javadzadeh Sara , Jjingo Daudi , Adebiyi Ezekiel , Bafna Vineet , Gymrek Melissa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTandem repeats (TRs) represent one of the largest sources of genetic variation in humans and are implicated in a range of phenotypes. Here we present a deep characterization of TR variation based on high coverage whole genome sequencing from 3,550 diverse individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project and H3Africa cohorts. We develop a method, EnsembleTR, to integrate genotypes from four separate methods resulting in high-quality genotypes at more than 1.7 million TR loci. Our catalog reveals novel sequence features influencing TR heterozygosity, identifies population-specific trinucleotide expansions, and finds hundreds of novel eQTL signals. Finally, we generate a phased haplotype panel which can be used to impute most TRs from nearby single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with high accuracy. Overall, the TR genotypes and reference haplotype panel generated here will serve as valuable resources for future genome-wide and population-wide studies of TRs and their role in human phenotypes.