bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends in Hepatitis C–Related Hospitalizations, United States, 2000–2019
Authors: Hofmeister Megan G , Zhong Yuna , Moorman Anne C , Samuel Christina R , Teshale Eyasu H , Spradling Philip R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Hospitalization burden related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is substantial. We sought to describe temporal trends in hospitalization rates before and after release of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents.

Methods
We analyzed 2000–2019 data from adults aged ≥18 years in the National Inpatient Sample. Hospitalizations were HCV-related if (1) hepatitis C was the primary diagnosis, or (2) hepatitis C was any secondary diagnosis with a liver-related primary diagnosis. We analyzed characteristics of HCV-related hospitalizations nationally and examined trends in age-adjusted hospitalization rates.

Results
During 2000–2019, there were an estimated 1 286 397 HCV-related hospitalizations in the United States. The annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate was lowest in 2019 (18.7/100 000 population) and highest in 2012 (29.6/100 000 population). Most hospitalizations occurred among persons aged 45–64 years (71.8%), males (67.1%), White non-Hispanic persons (60.5%), and Medicaid/Medicare recipients (64.0%). The national age-adjusted hospitalization rate increased during 2000–2003 (annual percentage change [APC], 9.4%; P &lt; .001) and 2003–2013 (APC, 1.8%; P &lt; .001) before decreasing during 2013–2019 (APC, −7.6%; P &lt; .001). Comparing 2000 to 2019, the largest increases in hospitalization rates occurred among persons aged 55–64 years (132.9%), Medicaid recipients (41.6%), and Black non-Hispanic persons (22.3%).

Conclusions
Although multiple factors likely contributed, overall HCV-related hospitalization rates declined steadily after 2013, coinciding with the release of DAAs. However, the declines were not observed equally among age, race/ethnicity, or insurance categories. Expanded access to DAA treatment is needed, particularly among Medicaid and Medicare recipients, to reduce disparities and morbidity and eliminate hepatitis C as a public health threat.
Long COVID: Alice Evans, Brucellosis, and Reflections on Infectious Causes of Chronic Disease
Authors: Smith Tara C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite more than a century of research on the link between infection and chronic diseases, we again find ourselves flummoxed by a new pathogen that causes long-term impairment. Patients have reported being ignored or minimized, resources are lacking for diagnosis and treatment, and frustrated individuals are turning outside of the scientific profession for answers. The experience mirrors that of American Society for Microbiology past president Alice C. Evans. Accidentally infected with Brucella melitensis during her laboratory research, Evans was chronically ill for more than 20 years, during which time friends, colleagues, and physicians cast doubt on her illness. As a result, she argued passionately for improved diagnostics and for those who reported chronic infection to be taken seriously rather than presumed to be “malingering” or using their illness for financial benefit. Lessons from Evans’ experience are useful as we work toward understanding long COVID and patients suffering from the condition.
Potential and Limits of Patent Law to Address Climate Change
Authors: Hilty Reto M , Batista Pedro Henrique D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The challenges imposed by climate change urgently require new technologies to reduce environmental damage and make more efficient use of natural resources. Patent law is generally considered an important tool to promote innovation. The question therefore arises as to its role with regard to sustainable inventions, in particular whether there is a need for adjustments to increase its efficiency, but also concerning the interaction with other regulatory measures. This article offers a critical overview of the range of options for state intervention and distinguishes different types of market failure that need to be prevented in different ways.
Durability of bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement in patients under the age of 60 years — 1-year follow-up from the prospective INDURE registry
Authors: Meuris Bart , Roussel Jean-Christian , Borger Michael A , Siepe Matthias , Stefano Pierluigi , Laufer Günther , Langanay Thierry , Theron Alexis , Grabenwöger Martin , Binder Konrad , Demers Philippe , Pessotto Renzo , van Leeuwen Wouter , Bourguignon Thierry , Canovas Sergio , Mariscalco Giovanni , Coscioni Enrico , Dagenais Francois , Wendler Olaf , Polvani Gianluca , Eden Matthias , Botta Beate , Bramlage Peter , De Paulis Ruggero 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESWe report 1-year safety and clinical outcomes in patients &lt;60 years undergoing bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve intervention.METHODSThe INSPIRIS RESILIA Durability Registry is a prospective, multicentre registry to assess clinical outcomes of patients &lt;60 years. Patients with planned SAVR with or without concomitant replacement of the ascending aorta and/or coronary bypass surgery were included. Time-related valve safety, haemodynamic performance and quality of life (QoL) at 1 year were assessed.RESULTSA total of 421 patients were documented with a mean age of 53.5 years, 76.5% being male and 27.2% in NYHA class III/IV. Outcomes within 30 days included cardiovascular-related mortality (0.7%), time-related valve safety (VARC-2; 5.8%), thromboembolic events (1.7%), valve-related life-threatening bleeding (VARC-2; 4.3%) and permanent pacemaker implantation (3.8%). QoL was significantly increased at 6 months and sustained at 1 year. Freedom from all-cause mortality at 1 year was 98.3% (95% confidence interval 97.1; 99.6) and 81.8% were NYHA I versus 21.9% at baseline. No patient developed structural valve deterioration stage 3 (VARC-3). The mean aortic pressure gradient was 12.6 mmHg at 1 year and the effective orifice area was 1.9 cm2.CONCLUSIONSThe 1-year data from the INSPIRIS RESILIA valve demonstrate good safety and excellent haemodynamic performance as well as an early QoL improvement.Clinical trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov: NCT03666741.
Sine cosine algorithm with communication and quality enhancement: Performance design for engineering problems
Authors: Yu Helong , Zhao Zisong , Zhou Jing , Heidari Ali Asghar , Chen Huiling 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) has become one of the popular swarm intelligence algorithms due to its simple and convenient structure. However, the standard SCA tends to fall into the local optimum when solving complex multimodal tasks, leading to unsatisfactory results. Therefore, this study presents the SCA with communication and quality enhancement, called CCEQSCA. The proposed algorithm includes two enhancement strategies: the communication and collaboration strategy (CC) and the quality enhancement strategy (EQ). In the proposed algorithm, CC strengthens the connection of SCA populations by guiding the search agents closer to the range of optimal solutions. EQ improves the quality of candidate solutions to enhance the exploitation of the algorithm. Furthermore, EQ can explore potential candidate solutions in other scopes, thus strengthening the ability of the algorithm to prevent trapping in the local optimum. To verify the capability of CCEQSCA, 30 functions from the IEEE CEC2017 are analyzed. The proposed algorithm is compared with 5 advanced original algorithms and 10 advanced variants. The outcomes indicate that it is dominant over other comparison algorithms in global optimization tasks. The work in this paper is also utilized to tackle three typical engineering design problems with excellent optimization capabilities. It has been experimentally demonstrated that CCEQSCA works as an effective tool to tackle real issues with constraints and complex search space.
A multicentre retrospective study on extra-thoracic solitary fibrous tumour: preoperative MRI findings predict intraoperative findings and postoperative prognosis
Authors: Kamoda Hiroto , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Kawai Akira , Hiruma Toru , Iwata Shintaro , Nakayama Robert , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Hirai Toshihide , Saito Masato , Ishii Takeshi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
The present study investigated the relationships between the preoperative and operative findings of solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) and between preoperative findings and prognosis.

Methods
We reviewed 50 SFT patients treated at our musculoskeletal oncology hospital group. We analyzed preoperative clinical findings, particularly MRI imaging findings, and intraoperative information as well as the relationship between preoperative findings and outcomes.

Results
Mean age was 48.9 years and the mean follow-up was 51.8 months. Prior to surgery, needle biopsy was performed on 27 patients and open biopsy on 14. T2-weighted images showed a high signal intensity in 24 patients and heterogeneous signal intensity in 20. Tumours had polylobular contours in 17 patients and smooth and round contours in 27. Collateral feeding vessels were detected in 22 patients. Gd-enhanced MRI was performed on 23 patients, and showed 15 with homogeneous enhancement and 8 with heterogeneous enhancement. Surgical times were significantly longer in patients with a retroperitoneal origin, a tumour of 10 cm or more, and polylobular-type tumours. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly greater in patients with a retroperitoneal origin and heterogeneous Gd-MRI-enhanced tumours. In histopathological evaluations, surgical margins were positive in 12 patients. Local recurrence was observed in one patient. Distant metastasis was noted in eight patients, four of whom had pulmonary metastases. Positive surgical margins were more common in polylobular-type tumours. Distant metastases were more likely to appear in patients with observable collateral feeding vessels and heterogeneous Gd-MRI enhancement.

Conclusion
The present results suggest that preoperative clinical findings in SFT patients predict longer surgical times and the risk of increased intraoperative blood loss. Moreover, the risk of a positive surgical margin and postoperative distant metastases may be predicted based on preoperative MRI.
Composition constraints of the TRAPPIST-1 planets from their formation
Authors: Childs Anna C , Shakespeare Cody , Rice David R , Yang Chao-Chin , Steffen Jason H 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the formation of the TRAPPIST-1 (T1) planets starting shortly after Moon-sized bodies form just exterior to the ice line. Our model includes mass growth from pebble accretion and mergers, fragmentation, type-I migration, and eccentricity and inclination dampening from gas drag. We follow the composition evolution of the planets fed by a dust condensation code that tracks how various dust species condense out of the disc as it cools. We use the final planet compositions to calculate the resulting radii of the planets using a new planet interior structure code and explore various interior structure models. Our model reproduces the broader architecture of the T1 system and constrains the initial water mass fraction of the early embryos and the final relative abundances of the major refractory elements. We find that the inner two planets likely experienced giant impacts and fragments from collisions between planetary embryos often seed the small planets that subsequently grow through pebble accretion. Using our composition constraints, we find solutions for a two-layer model, a planet comprised of only a core and mantle, that match observed bulk densities for the two inner planets b and c. This, along with the high number of giant impacts the inner planets experienced, is consistent with recent observations that these planets are likely desiccated. However, two-layer models seem unlikely for most of the remaining outer planets, which suggests that these planets have a primordial hydrosphere. Our composition constraints also indicate that no planets are consistent with a core-free interior structure.
RX J0440.9+4431: another supercritical X-ray pulsar
Authors: Salganik Alexander , Tsygankov Sergey S , Doroshenko Victor , Molkov Sergey V , Lutovinov Alexander A , Mushtukov Alexander A , Poutanen Juri 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
In the beginning of 2023, the Be transient X-ray pulsar RX J0440.9+4431 underwent a first-ever giant outburst observed from the source peaking in the beginning of February and reaching peak luminosity of ≈4.3 × 1037 erg s−1. Here, we present the results of a detailed spectral and temporal study of the source based on NuSTAR, Swift, INTEGRAL, and NICER observations performed during this period and covering wide range of energies and luminosities. We find that both the pulse profile shape and spectral hardness change abruptly around ≈2.8 × 1037 erg s−1, which we associate with a transition to supercritical accretion regime and erection of the accretion column. The observed pulsed fraction decreases gradually with energy up to 20 keV (with a local minimum around fluorescence iron line), which is unusual for an X-ray pulsar, and then rises rapidly at higher energies with the pulsations significantly detected up to ≈120 keV. The broad-band energy spectra of RX J0440.9+4431 at different luminosity states can be approximated with a two-hump model with peaks at energies of about 10–20 and 50–70 keV previously suggested for other pulsars without additional features. In particular, an absorption feature around 30 keV previously reported and interpreted as a cyclotron line in the literature appears to be absent when using this model, so the question regarding the magnetic field strength of the neutron star remains open. Instead, we attempted to estimate field using several indirect methods and conclude that all of them point to a relatively strong field of around B ∼ 1013 G.
Stellar halo striations from assumptions of axisymmetry
Authors: Davies Elliot Y , Dillamore Adam M , Belokurov Vasily , Evans N Wyn 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Motivated by the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)’s impact on the integral of motion space of the stellar halo, we run an N-body merger simulation to produce a population of halo-like stars. We subsequently move to a test-particle simulation, in which the LMC perturbs this debris. When an axisymmetric potential is assumed for the final snapshot of the N-body merger remnant, a series of vertical striations in (Lz, E) space form as the LMC approaches its pericentre. These result from the formation of overdensities in angular momentum owing to a relationship between the precession rate of near radial orbits and the torquing of these orbits by the LMC. This effect is heavily dependent on the shape of the inner potential. If a quadrupole component of the potential is included, these striations become significantly less apparent due to the difference in precession rate between the two potentials. The absence of these features in data, and the dramatic change in orbital plane precession rate, discourages the use of an axisymmetric potential for highly eccentric orbits accreted from a massive Gaia Sausage/Enceladus-like merger. Given the link the between appearance of these striations and the shape of the potential, this effect may provide a new method of constraining the axisymmetry of the halo.
Accretion properties and estimation of spin of galactic black hole candidate Swift J1728.9–3613with NuSTAR during its 2019 outburst
Authors: Heiland Skye R , Chatterjee Arka , Safi-Harb Samar , Jana Arghajit , Heyl Jeremy 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) play a crucial role in understanding the accretion of matter onto a black hole. Here, we focus on exploring the transient BHXRB Swift J1728.9–3613 discovered by Swift/BAT and MAXI/GSC during its January 2019 outburst. We present measurements on its accretion properties, long time-scale variability, and spin. To probe these properties, we make use of several NICER observations and an unexplored data set from NuSTAR, as well as long-term light curves from MAXI/GSC. In our timing analysis, we provide estimates of the cross-correlation functions between light curves in various energy bands. In our spectral analysis, we employ numerous phenomenological models to constrain the parameters of the system, including flavours of the relativistic reflection model Relxill to model the Fe Kα line and the &gt;15 keV reflection hump. Our analysis reveals that: (i) Over the course of the outburst, the total energy released was ∼5.2 × 1044 ergs, corresponding to roughly 90 per cent of the mass of Mars being devoured. (ii) We find a continuum lag of 8.4 ± 1.9 d between light curves in the 2–4 and 10–20 keV bands, which could be related to the viscous inflow time-scale of matter in the standard disc. (iii) Spectral analysis reveals a spin parameter of ∼0.6–0.7 with an inclination angle of ∼45°–70° and an accretion rate during the NuSTAR observation of ${\sim}17\ \hbox{per cent}\ L_{\rm Edd}$.
The genomic region of the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of PHO84, rather than the antisense RNA, promotes gene repression
Authors: Hegazy Youssef A , Cloutier Sara C , Utturkar Sagar M , Das Subhadeep , Tran Elizabeth J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
PHO84 is a budding yeast gene reported to be negatively regulated by its cognate antisense transcripts both in cis and in trans. In this study, we performed Transient-transcriptome sequencing (TT-seq) to investigate the correlation of sense/antisense pairs in a dbp2Δ strain and found over 700 sense/antisense pairs, including PHO84, to be positively correlated, contrasting the prevailing model. To define what mechanism regulates the PHO84 gene and how this regulation could have been originally attributed to repression by the antisense transcript, we conducted a series of molecular biology and genetics experiments. We now report that the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of PHO84 plays a repressive role in sense expression, an activity not linked to the antisense transcripts. Moreover, we provide results of a genetic screen for 3′UTR-dependent repression of PHO84 and show that the vast majority of identified factors are linked to negative regulation. Finally, we show that the PHO84 promoter and terminator form gene loops which correlate with transcriptional repression, and that the RNA-binding protein, Tho1, increases this looping and the 3′UTR-dependent repression. Our results negate the current model for antisense non-coding transcripts of PHO84 and suggest that many of these transcripts are byproducts of open chromatin.
Precise and efficient C-to-U RNA base editing with SNAP-CDAR-S
Authors: Latifi Ngadhnjim , Mack Aline Maria , Tellioglu Irem , Di Giorgio Salvatore , Stafforst Thorsten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Site-directed RNA base editing enables the transient and dosable change of genetic information and represents a recent strategy to manipulate cellular processes, paving ways to novel therapeutic modalities. While tools to introduce adenosine-to-inosine changes have been explored quite intensively, the engineering of precise and programmable tools for cytidine-to-uridine editing is somewhat lacking behind. Here we demonstrate that the cytidine deaminase domain evolved from the ADAR2 adenosine deaminase, taken from the RESCUE-S tool, provides very efficient and highly programmable editing when changing the RNA targeting mechanism from Cas13-based to SNAP-tag-based. Optimization of the guide RNA chemistry further allowed to dramatically improve editing yields in the difficult-to-edit 5′-CCN sequence context thus improving the substrate scope of the tool. Regarding editing efficiency, SNAP-CDAR-S outcompeted the RESCUE-S tool clearly on all tested targets, and was highly superior in perturbing the β-catenin pathway. NGS analysis showed similar, moderate global off-target A-to-I and C-to-U editing for both tools.
Reusable and thermostable multiwalled carbon nanotubes membrane for efficient removal of benz[α]anthracene from cigarette smoke
Authors: Vishwakarma Pramod Kumar , Pandey Sumit Kumar , Singh Anshu Kumar , Rathore Sanny , Ram Kirpa , Giri Rajiv , Srivastava Anchal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benz[α]anthracene (BaA), are often released from cigarette smoke and pose a severe threat to public health. In this quest, several filtration techniques have been proposed for the elimination of these toxins, but the challenges remain the same in terms of low efficiency, high cost and complex manufacturing processes. Herein, we report a simple, cost-effective and reusable multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) membrane-based filter for enhanced removal (∼90%) of BaA from cigarette smoke. In terms of the excellent thermal stability of the MWCNTs membrane, the adsorbed PAHs could be removed simply by a thermolysis process. We believe that the present study may serve as inspiration for the design and development of high-performance fibrous materials for filtering and separation applications.
Retailing After the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Fujioka Rika , Reynolds Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Retailing is a sector seemingly permanently characterized by change. While it was among the earliest economic activities, since the industrial revolution retailers have developed an increasingly critical role as intermediaries and become powerful economic actors in their own right. This chapter shows how, from the nineteenth century onward, the sector experienced significant periods of change through the development of new formats and business models, ranging from department stores to supermarkets and chain stores to convenience stores, and how these traditional forms of store-based retailing are presently being challenged by digitalization and the emergence of new forms of intermediation, such as e-commerce aggregators, commercial platforms and others. The chapter also discusses the—somewhat belated—efforts by a number of retailers to grow through cross-border or global development of their businesses, although not always with success.
EMDR Therapy and Traumatic Grief (Clinical Guidelines)
Authors: Solomon Roger , Meysner Larissa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) can be an effective therapy for treating grief and bereavement-related distress and adapting to the loss. The adaptive information processing (AIP) model informs clinicians how to address and treat the traumatic impact and emotional intensity of the loss, as well as the yearning and separation distress felt after the loss of a close relationship. This chapter examines the evidence for using EMDR with a bereaved population and provides practical guidance for supporting clients mourning the death of a loved one. Utilizing the AIP model, suggestions the selection and sequencing for reprocessing grief-related memories is addressed to promote adaptation to the loss.
On the Union of Emptiness and Bliss
Authors: Donnelly Paul B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tibetan Buddhism was established and developed in a period when tantric Buddhism had become the new orthodoxy in the great Mahāyāna centers of northern India. The philosophical “schools” of Madhyamaka and Yogācāra were being synthesized with the tantric practice lineages of the siddha traditions associated with the “Highest Yoga Tantras.” Tibetan yogi/scholars were the recipients of this rich collection of Mahāyāna sūtras and śāstras as well as tantras and the teachings of the siddhas. By the fourteenth century, Tibetans began to create doctrinal systems that sought to unify and reconcile Madhyamaka, Yogācāra, and tantric texts as well as the seemingly divergent lines of interpretation according to a scholastic analytical approach and an experiential one. By deploying long-established hermeneutical structures Tibetan scholars created grand syntheses that negotiated and sometimes unified the relationship between Mahāyāna thought and tantric praxis, culminating in the unifying categories of emptiness of other and Great Madhyamaka.