bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of e-cigarette taxes on e-cigarette and cigarette retail prices and sales, USA, 2014–2019
Authors: Diaz Megan C , Donovan Emily , Tauras John , Stephens Daniel , Schillo Barbara , Phillips Serena , Chaloupka Frank J , Pesko Michael 
Published: July 2023

Objective
To use a standardised e-cigarette tax measure to examine the impact of e-cigarette taxes on the price and sales of e-cigarettes and cigarettes in the USA.

Design
We used State Line versions of NielsenIQ Retail Scanner data from quarter 4 of 2014 through quarter 4 of 2019 to calculate e-cigarette and cigarette prices and sales in 23 US states. We then estimated how these outcomes are associated with standardised state-level e-cigarette taxes, controlling for state fixed effects, quarter-by-year fixed effects, cigarette taxes, other tobacco control policies and other state-level time-varying characteristics.

Results
A real $1 increase in the e-cigarette standardised tax increases the price of 1 mL of e-liquid between $0.43 and $0.59 depending on specification. Controlling for fixed effects and cigarette taxes, a 10% increase in e-cigarette taxes is estimated to reduce e-cigarette sales by 0.5% and increase cigarette sales by 0.1%, though both results are attenuated and statistically insignificant in a model with full controls.

Conclusions
Our study finds that e-cigarette taxes increase e-cigarette retail prices by approximately half of the tax. Further, e-cigarette taxes are associated with reduced sales of e-cigarettes and increased sales of cigarettes in some specifications. Our estimates are sizably lower than from other studies using sales and survey data.
Analysis of kinematic characteristics of 2-P(RPS + UPS) parallel mechanism with six degrees of freedom
Authors: Wang Yu , Ma Xuejian , Xu Yundou , Wu Jiabin , Yao Jiantao , Zhao Yongsheng 
Published: July 2023

At present, there is an increasing demand for the workspace required for the assembly of components, and a parallel mechanism with a large workspace is urgently needed to make up for it. Therefore, in this paper, a 2-P(RPS + UPS) parallel mechanism (where S, P, R, and U represent spherical, prismatic, revolute, and universal joints) with four branched chains and six degrees of freedom is proposed and its kinematic characteristics are analyzed. First, the speed of the 2-P(RPS + UPS) parallel mechanism is numerically derived and verified by simulation using ADAMS software. Then, the motion decoupling characteristics of the mechanism are analyzed from the expression of the speed and position relationship between the input and output of the mechanism. To minimize the force on each branch in the workspace, scale optimization of the 2-P(RPS + UPS) mechanism and the Stewart mechanism is performed. Further, analysis of the dexterity, singularity, and workspace of the 2-P(RPS + UPS) mechanism is conducted, and the performance of the mechanism is compared with that of the Stewart mechanism. The proposed parallel mechanism has fewer branches, a simple kinematic model, strong motion decoupling, a high bearing capacity, a large workspace, and a low initial position height. Moreover, it can be conveniently transported and stored. Therefore, it has good application prospects in assembly and posture adjustment scenes requiring large workspaces.
Performance Evaluation of the Lightning Imaging Sensor on the International Space Station
Authors: Zhang Daile , Cummins Kenneth L. , Lang Timothy J. , Buechler Dennis , Rudlosky Scott 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Optical lightning observations from low-Earth orbit play an important role in our understanding of long-term global lightning trends. Lightning Imaging Sensors (LIS) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite (1997–2015) and International Space Station (2017–present) capture optical emissions produced by lightning. This study uses the well-documented TRMM LIS performance to determine if the ISS LIS performs well enough to bridge the gap between TRMM LIS and the new generation of Geostationary Lightning Mappers (GLMs). The average events per group and groups per flash for ISS LIS are 3.6 and 9.9, which are 18% and 10% lower than TRMM LIS, respectively. ISS LIS has 30% lower mean group energy density and 30%–50% lower mean flash energy density than TRMM LIS in their common (±38°) latitude range. These differences are likely the result of larger pixel areas for ISS LIS over most of the field of view due to off-nadir pointing, combined with viewing obstructions and possible engineering differences. For both instruments, radiometric sensitivity decreases radially from the center of the array to the edges. ISS LIS sensitivity falls off faster and more variably, contributed to by the off-nadir pointing. Event energy density analysis indicate some anomalous hotspot pixels in the ISS LIS pixel array that were not present with the TRMM LIS. Despite these differences, ISS LIS provides similar parameter values to TRMM LIS with the expectation of somewhat lower lightning detection capability. In addition, recalculation of the event, group, and flash areas for both LIS datasets are strongly recommended since the archived values in the current release versions have significant errors.
Single-cell genomics in acquired bone marrow failure syndromes
Authors: Wu Zhijie , Young Neal S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mechanistic studies of immune bone marrow failure are difficult because of the scarcity of residual cells, the involvement of multiple cell types, and the inherent complexities of hematopoiesis and immunity. Single-cell genomic technologies and bioinformatics allow extensive, multidimensional analysis of a very limited number of cells. We review emerging applications of single-cell techniques, and early results related to disease pathogenesis: effector and target cell populations and relationships, cell-autonomous and nonautonomous phenotypes in clonal hematopoiesis, transcript splicing, chromosomal abnormalities, and T-cell receptor usage and clonality. Dense and complex data from single-cell techniques provide insights into pathophysiology, natural history, and therapeutic drug effects.
Innovations in RNA therapy for hemophilia
Authors: Ragni Margaret V. , Chan Stephen Y. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Given the shortcomings of current factor-, nonfactor-, and adeno-associated virus gene–based therapies, the recent advent of RNA-based therapeutics for hemophilia is changing the fundamental approach to hemophilia management. From small interfering RNA therapeutics that knockdown clot regulators antithrombin, protein S, and heparin cofactor II, to CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing that may personalize treatment, improved technologies have the potential to reduce bleeds and factor use and avoid inhibitor formation. These novel agents, some in preclinical studies and others in early phase trials, have the potential to simplify treatment and improve hemostasis and quality of life. Furthermore, because these therapies arise from manipulation of the coagulation cascade and thrombin generation and its regulation, they will enhance our understanding of hemostasis and thrombosis and ultimately lead to better therapies for children and adults with inherited bleeding disorders. What does the future hold? With the development of novel preclinical technologies at the bench, there will be fewer joint bleeds, debilitating joint disease, orthopedic surgery, and improved physical and mental health, which were not previously possible. In this review, we identify current limitations of treatment and progress in the development of novel RNA therapeutics, including messenger RNA nanoparticle delivery and gene editing for the treatment of hemophilia.
xenoGI 3: using the DTLOR model to reconstruct the evolution of gene families in clades of microbes
Authors: Liu Nuo , Gonzalez Tonatiuh A. , Fischer Jacob , Hong Chan , Johnson Michelle , Mawhorter Ross , Mugnatto Fabrizia , Soh Rachael , Somji Shifa , Wirth Joseph S. , Libeskind-Hadas Ran , Bush Eliot C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo understand genome evolution in a group of microbes, we need to know the timing of events such as duplications, deletions and horizontal transfers. A common approach is to perform a gene-tree / species-tree reconciliation. While a number of software packages perform this type of analysis, none are geared toward a complete reconstruction for all families in an entire clade. Here we describe an update to the xenoGI software package which allows users to perform such an analysis using the newly developed DTLOR (duplication-transfer-loss-origin-rearrangement) reconciliation model starting from genome sequences as input.
Internal growth of women with recurrent miscarriage: a qualitative descriptive study based on the post-traumatic growth theory
Authors: Shin Gisoo , Kim Hye Jin , Kim Sung Hae 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Unexpected and repeated miscarriages in a woman's life cycle can be a mental and physical burden and lead to post-traumatic stress disorder. However, women may also experience inner growth with such experiences.

Methods
This study was qualitative descriptive research examining the experiences of South Korean women who had recurrent miscarriages three or more times.

Results
The average age of the participants was 34.6 years, and the average number of recurrent miscarriages was 3.87. Additionally, five themes were identified as follows: (1) Confusing as if in muddy water, (2) Self-examination of past daily life, (3) Empathy and comfort in homogeneous groups, (4) Religious beliefs that include the lost fetus, and (5) Transforming for internal growth.

Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, intervention strategies need to be implemented to support the inner growth of women who have experienced recurrent miscarriages.
Does it fit in your pocket? economic burden of PD-1 inhibitors' toxicity in the supplementary health system: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Duarte Hugo Santos , da Veiga Cassia Rita Pereira , da Veiga Claudimar Pereira , Wainstein Alberto Julius Alves , da Silva Wesley Vieira , Drummond-Lage Ana Paula 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
A full understanding of the economic burden associated with treatment-related adverse events (AEs) can aid estimates of the incremental costs associated with incorporating new technologies and support cost-effective economic modeling in Brazil. In this context, the main objective of this work was to evaluate in a real-life database: (i) the direct medical cost of monitoring the occurrence of AEs (CMO); (ii) the direct medical cost of managing an identified AE (CMN); and (iii) the total direct medical cost of monitoring and managing AEs (TMC), in quarterly periods from 0 to 24 months of the monitoring of cancer patients who used a PD-1 inhibitor from the perspective of the supplementary health system in Brazil.

Methods
This study was conducted from the supplementary health system (SSS) perspective and followed the methodological guidelines related to cost-of-illness studies. A bottom-up (person-based) approach was used to assess the use of health resources to monitor and manage AEs during the use of PD-1 inhibitors, which made it possible to capture differences in the mean frequency of the use of health services with stratification results for different subgroups. As the Brazilian SSS is complex, asymmetric, and fragmented, this study used information from different sources. The methodology was divided into three parts: (i) Data Source: clinical management of AEs; (ii) Microcosting: management of the economic burden of AEs; (iii) Statistical analysis: stratification of results for different subgroups.

Results
Analysis of the economic burden of toxicity showed higher CMO costs than CMN in all the periods analyzed. In general, for every BRL 100 on average invested in the TMC of AEs, BRL 95 are used to monitor the occurrence of the AE and only BRL 5 to manage an identified AE. This work also showed that the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, the journey of oncological treatment, and the toxicity profile affect the economic burden related to AE.

Conclusion
This study provided real-world evidence of the economic burden of AEs associated with the use of PD-1 inhibitors in Brazil. This work also made methodological contributions by evaluating the economic burden of AE of PD-1 inhibitors considering the kinetics of toxicity occurrence and categorizing the costs in terms of CMO, CMN and TMC.
Mitochondrial genetic variants associated with bipolar disorder and Schizophrenia in a Japanese population
Authors: Tachi Ryobu , Ohi Kazutaka , Nishizawa Daisuke , Soda Midori , Fujikane Daisuke , Hasegawa Junko , Kuramitsu Ayumi , Takai Kentaro , Muto Yukimasa , Sugiyama Shunsuke , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki , Hashimoto Ryota , Ikeda Kazutaka , Shioiri Toshiki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are complex psychotic disorders (PSY), with both environmental and genetic factors including possible maternal inheritance playing a role. Some studies have investigated whether genetic variants in the mitochondrial chromosome are associated with BD and SZ. However, the genetic variants identified as being associated are not identical among studies, and the participants were limited to individuals of European ancestry. Here, we investigate associations of genome-wide genetic variants in the mitochondrial chromosome with BD, SZ, and PSY in a Japanese population.

Methods
After performing quality control for individuals and genetic variants, we investigated whether mitochondrial genetic variants [minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.01, n = 45 variants) are associated with BD, SZ, and PSY in 420 Japanese individuals consisting of patients with BD (n = 51), patients with SZ (n = 172), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 197).

Results
Of mitochondrial genetic variants, three (rs200478835, rs200044200 and rs28359178 on or near NADH dehydrogenase) and one (rs200478835) were significantly associated with BD and PSY, respectively, even after correcting for multiple comparisons (PGC=0.045–4.9 × 10− 3). In particular, individuals with the minor G-allele of rs200044200, a missense variant, were only observed among patients with BD (MAF = 0.059) but not HCs (MAF = 0) (odds ratio=∞). Three patients commonly had neuropsychiatric family histories.

Conclusions
We suggest that mitochondrial genetic variants in NADH dehydrogenase-related genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of BD and PSY in the Japanese population through dysfunction of energy production.
Assessing Mode of Recurrence in Breast Cancer to Identify an Optimised Follow-Up Pathway: 10-Year Institutional Review
Authors: Horan Jack , Reid Conor , Boland Michael R. , Daly Gordon R. , Keelan Stephen , Lloyd Angus J. , Downey Eithne , Walmsley Adam , Staunton Marie , Power Colm , Butt Abeeda , Duke Deirdre , Hill Arnold D. K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer surveillance programmes ensure early identification of recurrence which maximises overall survival. Programmes include annual clinical examination and radiological assessment. There remains debate around the value of annual clinical exam in diagnosing recurrent disease/second primaries. The aim was to assess diagnostic modalities for recurrent breast cancer with a focus on evaluating the role of annual clinical examination.

Patients and Methods
A prospectively maintained database from a symptomatic breast cancer service between 2010–2020 was reviewed. Patients with biopsy-proven recurrence/second breast primary were included. The primary outcome was the diagnostic modality by which recurrences/secondary breast cancers were observed. Diagnostic modalities included (i) self-detection by the patient, (ii) clinical examination by a breast surgeon or (iii) radiological assessment.

Results
A total of 233 patients were identified and, following application of exclusion criteria, a total of 140 patients were included. A total of 65/140 (46%) patients were diagnosed clinically, either by self-detection or clinical examination, while 75/140 (54%) were diagnosed radiologically. A total of 59/65 (91%) of patients clinically diagnosed with recurrence presented to the breast clinic after self-detection of an abnormality. Four (6%) patients had cognitive impairment and recurrence was diagnosed by a carer. Two (3%) patients were diagnosed with recurrence by a breast surgeon at clinical examination. The median time to recurrence in all patients was 48 months (range 2–263 months).

Conclusion
Clinical examination provides little value in diagnosing recurrence (< 5%) and surveillance programmes may benefit from reduced focus on such a modality. Regular radiological assessment and ensuring patients have urgent/easy access to a breast clinic if they develop new symptoms/signs should be the focus of surveillance programmes.
Occupational exposure to dust and respiratory symptoms among Ethiopian factory workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ashuro Zemachu , Hareru Habtamu Endashaw , Soboksa Negasa Eshete , Abaya Samson Wakuma , Zele Yifokire Tefera 
Published: July 2023

Background
Occupational respiratory disorders are a major global public health concern among workers exposed to dust particles in dust-generating workplaces. Despite fragmented research findings on the magnitude of respiratory problems and the lack of a national occupational respiratory disease recording and reporting system at the Ethiopian factory, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among factory workers were unknown. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize and pool estimates from studies that reported the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and predictors among Ethiopian factory workers who worked in dusty environments.

Methods
A systematic literature searches were conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, African Journals Online, and Web of Science). The primary and secondary outcomes were prevalence of respiratory symptoms and predictors, respectively. The STATA version 17 was used to analyze the data. A random effect meta-analysis model was used. Eggers test with p-value less than 5%, as well as the funnel plot, were used to assess publication bias.

Results
The searches yielded 1596 articles, 15 of which were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of respiratory symptoms among Ethiopian factory workers was 54.96% [95% confidence interval (CI):49.33–60.59%]. Lack of occupational health and safety (OSH) training [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.34, 95%CI:1.56–3.52], work experience of over 5 years [OR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.33–7.65], not using personal protective equipment (PPE) [OR = 1.76, 95%CI:1.30–2.39], and working more than eight hours per day [OR = 1.89, 95%CI:1.16–3.05] were all significant predictors of respiratory symptoms.

Conclusion
The prevalence of respiratory symptom was found to be high in Ethiopian factory workers. To prevent workers from being exposed to dust, regular provision and monitoring of PPE use, workers OSH training, and adequate ventilation in the workplace should be implemented.
Von der Gehorsamkeit zur Subjektwerdung
Authors: Bock Florian 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag fragt nach dem Verhältnis von Kindern und Theologie in der katholischen Pastoralliteratur und Religionspädagogik zwischen dem 18. und 20. Jahrhundert. Inhaltlich lässt sich trotz einiger Ungleichzeitigkeiten über diesen Zugriff eine Transformation des Theologisierens nachweisen: nämlich die Entwicklung von der vom Kind eingeforderten Gehorsamkeit zu einer stärkeren Autonomie des Kindes mit dem Ziel der Subjektwerdung.
Proposal and energy/exergy/economic analyses of a smart heat recovery for distillation tower of the Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit of the Petrochemical Plant; designing a low-carbon plant
Authors: Lyu Xiaoyue , Wang Jinyue 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper suggests a novel framework to retrieve the squandered heat of the Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit of the petrochemical plants. In this idea, the distillation tower’s output of the hydrotreating naphtha unit of the plant is employed as the working fluid to run an organic Rankine cycle with benzene. The procedure is evaluated comprehensively from energy, economic and exergetic point of view using Aspen Haysys software. An advanced case study, including sensitivity analysis, is provided for the Bouali petrochemical plant in Iran to realistically indicate the performance of the suggested configuration. The air cooler in the distillation unit of the aforementioned plant removes (squanders) about 3418 kW of energy, which an organic Rankine cycle can recover. Based on the findings, the exergetic and thermal efficiency of the suggested cycle is 82.53 % and 13.28 %, respectively, with a 1,3620kWh/day rate of energy production. According to the exergetic analysis, the ORC turbine has the highest exergy destruction rate of about 178.76 kW. Also, using the distillation tower squander heat as the heat source to the organic Rankine cycle leads to the least exergy destruction rate. Besides, the output exergy ratio of the whole integrated system to its input is 0.907. The suggested integrated system reduces the total energy consumption from 0.4 to 0.29 GJE/tonFeed with a total investment cost of 11.97 M$, in which the turbines have the highest portion of about 11.2 M$. Hence, the suggested plan’s total income is around 31.94 M$/year.
Fock–Goncharov dual cluster varieties and Gross–Siebert mirrors
Authors: Argüz Hülya , Bousseau Pierrick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cluster varieties come in pairs: for any

𝒳

{\mathcal{X}}

cluster variety there is an associated Fock–Goncharov dual

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

cluster variety. On the other hand, in the context of mirror symmetry, associated with any log Calabi–Yau variety is its mirror dual, which can be constructed using the enumerative geometry of rational curves in the framework of the Gross–Siebert program. In this paper we bridge the theory of cluster varieties with the algebro-geometric framework of Gross–Siebert mirror symmetry. Particularly, we show that the mirror to the

𝒳

{\mathcal{X}}

cluster variety is a degeneration of the Fock–Goncharov dual

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

cluster variety
and vice versa. To do this, we investigate how the cluster scattering diagram of Gross, Hacking, Keel and Kontsevich compares with the canonical scattering diagram defined by Gross and Siebert to construct mirror duals in arbitrary dimensions. Consequently, we derive an enumerative interpretation of the cluster scattering diagram. Along the way, we prove the Frobenius structure conjecture for a class of log Calabi–Yau varieties obtained as blow-ups of toric varieties.