bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Glycopeptide and Glycoprotein Synthesis: A Refined Synthetic Probe towards the Biological World
Authors: Zhuang Haoru , Hao Huiran , Qiu Yongshun , Gan Jinjuan , Li Tianlu 
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive SummaryProtein glycosylation is the most complex and diverse form of post‐translational modification in human body. Meanwhile, glycosylation of peptides and proteins emerges as a promising strategy to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of peptide‐ and protein‐based therapeutics. Owing to the importance of protein glycosylation, a rigorous evaluation of the relationship between the precise structure and biological function of glycoproteins has to be performed. Recently, chemical synthesis, chemoenzymatic synthesis and semisynthesis strategies have attracted extensive attentions towards the preparation of structurally defined glycopeptides and glycoproteins; the obtained synthetic glycoforms thus enable the thorough investigation of specific effects of protein glycosylation. This review highlights the recent progress in the development of novel strategies, preparation of homogeneous glycoproteins and exploration of structure‐activity relationships. On this basis, the challenges and prospects are discussed.
Inhibition of Human Cholinesterases and in vitro β‐Amyloid Aggregation by Rationally Designed Peptides
Authors: Sanchis Ivan , Spinelli Roque , Dias José , Brazzolotto Xavier , Rietmann Álvaro , Aimaretti Florencia , Siano Álvaro S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now widely recognized, which has increased the interest in compounds that can address more than one AD‐associated targets. Herein, we report the inhibitory activity on the human cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase, hAChE and butyrylcholinesterase, hBChE) and on the AChE‐induced β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation by a series of peptide derivatives designed by mutating aliphatic residues for aromatic ones. We identified peptide W3 (LGWVSKGKLL‐NH2) as an interesting scaffold for the development of new anti‐AD multitarget‐directed drugs. It showed the lowest IC50 value against hAChE reported for a peptide (0.99±0.02 μM) and inhibited 94.2 %±1.2 of AChE‐induced Aβ aggregation at 10 μM. Furthermore, it inhibited hBChE (IC50, 15.44±0.91 μM), showed no in vivo toxicity in brine shrimp and had shown moderated radical scavenging and Fe2+ chelating capabilities in previous studies. The results are in line with multiple reports showing the utility of the indole moiety for the development of cholinesterase inhibitors.
Development of the attitude toward mediation scale
Authors: Helsen Valerie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution that has been acclaimed for its effectiveness in reaching settlement—as well as relationship‐oriented goals, as well as for being faster and cheaper than a judicial procedure. However, despite mediation's rising popularity and use, the success of its uptake remains limited, with large local differences in implementation rates. While attitude has been regarded consistently as a predictor of behavior, researchers currently lack a reliable and validated way of assessing attitude toward mediation in the general population. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate a measure to assess attitude toward mediation. The Attitude toward Mediation Scale (AMS) was developed by integrating the attitude and mediation literature and by adapting established attitude measures to reflect attitudes toward mediation. Based on data collected between April 15, 2021 and April 26, 2021 in 1220 Flemish adults (1004 women, 213 men, 3 nonbinary adults) between the ages of 18 and 80 (M = 42.57, SD = 14.51), results provided initial support for the reliability and construct validity of the AMS. In addition, while the attitude toward mediation was generally positive, results indicated that women reported more positive attitudes than men, and that as age, level of education, and knowledge of mediation increased, the attitude toward mediation was more positive. We hope this measure encourages future researchers to study the association between attitude toward mediation and its uptake, increasing the understanding of its varying implementation rates.
Foliar spraying tea infusion decreases selenium uptake of Cyphomandra betacea in selenium‐contaminated soil
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhu Ying , Li Wanzhi , Liao Qiuyu , Liu Linxi , Zhou Lianying , Lin Lijin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSelenium (Se) is one of the essential trace elements for human, but the Se deficiency of most areas resulting in low a Se content in fruits. To increase the Se uptake in fruit trees, the effects of foliar spraying four types of tea (black, green, white, and dark) infusions on the growth and Se uptake of Cyphomandra betacea were studied using a pot experiment. The white and dark tea infusions increased the biomass, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity of C. betacea, while the black and green tea infusions had no significant effects. The green, white, and dark tea infusions increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments in C. betacea, the while the black tea infusions had no significant effects. The black, white, and dark tea infusions increased the peroxidase activity of C. betacea, while the green tea infusion decreased. All tea infusions increased the potassium (K) content in aboveground part of C. betacea and phosphorus (P) content in leaves to some extent. The different tea infusions decreased the Se contents in roots and shoots of C. betacea. Compared to the control, the black, green, white, and dark tea infusions decreased the Se contents in shoots by 16.67%, 27.30%, 33.33%, and 40.07%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of P and K were negatively correlated with the Se content. Therefore, foliar spraying tea infusion can decrease the Se uptake in C. betacea, and the white and dark tea infusions can promote C. betacea growth.
The role of topography in landform development at an active temperate glacier in Arctic Norway
Authors: Boston Clare M. , Chandler Benjamin M. P. , Lovell Harold , Weber Paul , Davies Bethan J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTopography exerts a strong control on how glaciers respond to changes in climate. Increased understanding of this role is important for both refining model predictions of future rates of glacier recession and for reconstructing climatic change from the glacial geological record. In this paper, we examine the geomorphological and sedimentological evidence in the foreland of Fingerbreen, a temperate outlet of the plateau icefield Østre Svartisen. The aim is to investigate the relationship between processes of landform generation and the changing influence of topography as recession progressed. The Fingerbreen foreland is dominated by bouldery Little Ice Age moraines and extensive areas of striated bedrock. A heavily fluted zone occurs in the central part of the foreland that is cross‐cut by annual transverse and sawtooth moraines. Systematic investigations of the structural architecture of moraines at various locations in the foreland provide evidence for a range of moraine‐forming processes, which can be linked to the topographic setting (e.g. deposition on a reverse bedrock slope) and drainage conditions. This includes push and bulldozing of proglacial sediments and squeezing of sub‐glacial sediments and submarginal freeze‐on of sediment slabs. We also identify variations in moraine spacing as a result of topography. This research demonstrates the importance of topography when interpreting moraine records in the context of climate and glacier dynamics.
Microglia directly associate with pericytes in the central nervous system
Authors: Morris Gary P. , Foster Catherine G. , Courtney Jo‐Maree , Collins Jessica M. , Cashion Jake M. , Brown Lachlan S. , Howells David W. , DeLuca Gabriele C. , Canty Alison J. , King Anna E. , Ziebell Jenna M. , Sutherland Brad A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCerebral blood flow (CBF) is important for the maintenance of brain function and its dysregulation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia associations with capillaries suggest they may play a role in the regulation of CBF or the blood–brain‐barrier (BBB). We explored the relationship between microglia and pericytes, a vessel‐resident cell type that has a major role in the control of CBF and maintenance of the BBB, discovering a spatially distinct subset of microglia that closely associate with pericytes. We termed these pericyte‐associated microglia (PEM). PEM are present throughout the brain and spinal cord in NG2DsRed × CX3CR1+/GFP mice, and in the human frontal cortex. Using in vivo two‐photon microscopy, we found microglia residing adjacent to pericytes at all levels of the capillary tree and found they can maintain their position for at least 28 days. PEM can associate with pericytes lacking astroglial endfeet coverage and capillary vessel width is increased beneath pericytes with or without an associated PEM, but capillary width decreases if a pericyte loses a PEM. Deletion of the microglia fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) did not disrupt the association between pericytes and PEM. Finally, we found the proportion of microglia that are PEM declines in the superior frontal gyrus in AD. In summary, we identify microglia that specifically associate with pericytes and find these are reduced in number in AD, which may be a novel mechanism contributing to vascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
Lymph node metastasis from olfactory neuroblastoma at presentation and as disease relapse: A systematic review and proportion meta‐analysis of prevalence data and variables influencing regional control
Authors: Tomasoni Michele , Marazzi Elisa , Rampinelli Vittorio , Mattavelli Davide , Schreiber Alberto , Deganello Alberto , Piazza Cesare 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of cervical nodal metastasis at presentation and as disease relapse in primary, treatment‐naive olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), and to review treatment modalities, risk factors for regional failure and survival outcomes according to nodal status.MethodsA systematic review and proportion meta‐analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines based on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.ResultsEighteen articles were examined. The pooled proportion of patients with nodal metastasis at presentation (11.5%) was comparable to that of cN0 patients not receiving elective neck treatment developing nodal metastasis during follow‐up (12.3%). Of the latter, most were Kadish stage C tumors (85.5%).ConclusionsCervical involvement is common both at presentation and during follow‐up of cN0 ONB. The highest risk of developing late nodal metastasis is seen in cN0 patients with Kadish stage C tumors not receiving elective neck treatment. Elective cN0 neck treatment should be encouraged in selected patients to increase regional control.
Nonlinear behavior mechanism and modeling method of wound SMD inductor
Authors: Yin Lu , Chen Zhanfei , Liu Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the actual use process, the characteristics of the wire‐wound power inductor will change. On the one hand, the DC bias will fluctuate because the working current of the wire‐wound power inductor is not constant; on the other hand, there is a variable magnetic field, which, according to the principle of electromagnetic, affects structural size, core permeability, and flux density, both of which affect the amount of inductance. As a result, this research examines the wire‐wound SMD inductor's nonlinear behavior and modeling approach. Under the condition of zero bias at normal temperature, the static model is determined by simulating Y parameters and comparing its main performance parameters. The influence factors of temperature and DC bias are studied. The nonlinear model circuit is written in Verilog‐A format, and the inductor‐current curve is fitted by polynomial. The dynamic model is verified by ADS and compared with the test data. SWPA series power inductor measurement data from Sunlord is used to verify the validation of the model proposed in this paper. The Y parameter and performance index under zero DC bias at room temperature, inductance characteristics under different currents and inductance characteristics under different temperatures were compared respectively. From the comparison results, it can be concluded that, The fitting accuracy of the model is good in the frequency range of 100 KHz ~ 100 MHz, DC bias range of 0 ~ 0.28 A, and different temperatures (−40, 25, 125°C).
Improvement of the UV‐resistance capability of fish gelatin‐oxidized starch film via inserting mycosporine‐like amino acids
Authors: Wang Donghui , Guan Chenxia , Sun Lirong , Zhang Qinling , Pan Shihui , Chen Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) are known as the strongest solar guardians in nature.RESULTSIn the present study, the extraction of MAAs from dried Pyropia haitanensis was achieved. Fish gelatin and oxidized starch composite films embedded with MAAs (0–0.3% w/w) were fabricated. The maximum absorption wavelength of the composite film appeared at 334 nm, which was consistent with MAA solution. Furthermore, the UV absorption intensity of the composite film was highly dependent on the concentration of MAAs. The composite film exhibited excellent stability during the 7‐day storage period. The physicochemical features of composite film were demonstrated by the measurement of water content, water vapor transmission rate, oil transmission, and visual characteristics. Furthermore, in the actual anti‐UV effect investigation, the increase in peroxide value and the acid value of grease under the films coverage was delayed. In the meantime, the decrease in ascorbic acid content in dates was postponed, and survivability of Escherichia coli was increased.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that fish gelatin‐oxidized starch‐mycosporine‐like amino acids film (FOM film) with biodegradable and anti‐ultraviolet properties has a high potential for usage in food packaging materials. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Feeling pressured to talk about trauma: How pressure to disclose alters the association between trauma disclosure and posttraumatic growth
Authors: Kimbley Claire T. , Cox Daniel W. , Kahn Jeffrey H. , Renshaw Keith D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTalking with others about traumatic experiences (i.e., trauma disclosure) has been associated with increased posttraumatic growth (PTG). Although this association indicates the value of disclosing, there is evidence that external pressure to disclose can hinder the benefits of trauma disclosure. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of pressure to disclose on the association between trauma disclosure and PTG. People who had experienced a traumatic event and disclosed their trauma to a close other were recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 208). Participants completed measures of trauma exposure, trauma disclosure, pressure to disclose, PTG, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and response to disclosure. The results indicated that the linear association between trauma disclosure and PTG was quadratically moderated by pressure to disclose, ηp2 = .025. Pressure to disclose strengthened the positive association between trauma disclosure and PTG from low, B = 0.818 (SE = 0.267), to moderate levels of pressure, B = 2.109 (SE = 0.471). However, when pressure was high, the association between disclosure and PTG was not significant, B = −1.19 (SE = 1.327). These findings indicate that a moderate amount of pressure to disclose may facilitate the positive impact of disclosure on PTG, yet a high amount of pressure may impede the positive association between disclosure and PTG. This research furthers understanding of the nuances of trauma disclosure and how close others’ involvement in disclosure can impact the process of PTG for trauma survivors.
Methodology for the definition of the mixing zones of punctual discharges in coastal waters
Authors: Romero Inmaculada , Martínez‐Guijarro Remedios , Pachés Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe European Union allows the designation of mixing zones (MZ) adjacent to a punctual discharge. Concentrations of one or more substances could exceed the environmental quality standards in the MZ if the rest of the water body meets the standards. However, the European Union does not explain how to define it. In this paper, the simulation of the MZ is done through two free software, Discharge Test and Visual Plumes. Discharge Test is used to perform a first analysis of the proposed scenario and to assess the discharge effects on the receiving environment. Visual Plumes is used to analyze in more detail these effects and the behavior of the polluting plume. The results obtained, for a mercury discharge from an outfall that discharges into the coastal zone of the Mediterranean Sea, show that these models could be a useful tool for the determination of MZ. A methodology is defined to delimit the MZ for an outfall. This MZ will be the circular surface, with a radius equivalent to the estimated distance, around the discharge point.
Accelerated offline setup of homogenized microscopic model for multi‐scale analyses using neural network with knowledge transfer
Authors: Yuan Zhongbo , Biswas Raja , Poh Leong Hien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe FE computational homogenization method is a predictive multi‐scale method without the need for constitutive assumptions and/or potential function postulates at the macro engineering scale. Instead, the effective micro‐structural responses are extracted directly from a representative volume element (RVE) underlying each macro point. However, the FE method is still computationally too expensive for most practical uses, since the micro‐macro FE coupling is done at each loading step/iteration for the entire domain. To this end, the machine learning method has been utilized in the literature for the offline training of a surrogate model to predict the RVE homogenized response for general loading conditions. In this contribution, the neural network (NN) is incorporated into the macro finite element framework in a non‐intrusive manner. This is termed as the FE‐NN framework, in analogy to the FE method. In general, online simulations in the FE‐NN method is very efficient, with predictions matching closely to those obtained from reference direct numerical simulations (DNS). A bottleneck with the FE‐NN framework, however, is the high computational cost associated with the data generation for offline NN model setup. In this paper, focusing on the FE‐NN multi‐scale framework for non‐linear elastic deformation of heterogeneous materials, a sequential training strategy with knowledge transfer is proposed, to enable an efficient offline microscopic NN model setup. For a given target RVE, we first consider a simplified source RVE, where data can be generated rapidly, for the NN pre‐training of surrogate model. The pre‐trained network parameters are next downloaded to initialize the target NN surrogate model, followed by a fine‐tuning training process, using only a small dataset generated by the computationally expensive high‐fidelity RVE. The efficiency of the proposed sequential learning method over the conventional NN training, as well as, its excellent predictive capability for multi‐scale analyses, are demonstrated for a multi‐phase composite material. The proposed FE‐NN‐KT approach can be implemented easily without complicated pre‐processing procedures, since the data generation only involves the standard extraction of effective responses from RVEs, together with a standard NN architecture.
High‐performance hierarchical composites based on polyamide 6, carbon fiber and graphene oxide
Authors: Damacena Luiz Henrique Cavalcante , Ferreira Eder Henrique Coelho , Ribeiro Hélio , Fechine Guilhermino José Macedo , Souza Adriana Martinelli Catelli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study reports the effect of graphene oxide (GO) coating on carbon fiber (CF) surface on the mechanical and thermal properties and morphology of CF‐reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites containing 7.5 wt% of short CFs. GO was coated on the CF surface by a physical absorption method with concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 wt% GO. The PA6/CF composites were prepared by extrusion, and the specimens were obtained by injection molding. Their morphology (SEM, XRD tests), mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and fatigue tests), and thermal properties (DSC, TG and HDT tests) were analyzed. A significant change in the preferential (growth) crystal planes of PA6 was observed upon the incorporation of CFs containing GO, favoring the formation of α crystals in PA6. GO coating on CFs was effective and provided an increase in tensile strength and Young's modulus up to 12% and 24%, flexural strength and flexural modulus up to 22% and 25%, and a decrease in impact strength and fatigue life up to 30% and 23%, respectively, when compared to unmodified PA6/CF composites. Fracture micrographs indicated an increase in the PA6/CF interaction and the effectiveness of GO as a coupling agent for the composite.
Laser therapy versus expectant management for selective fetal growth restriction in monochorionic twins: A systematic review
Authors: Buskmiller Cara , Munoz Jessian L. , Cortes Magdalena Sanz , Donepudi Roopali V. , Belfort Michael A. , Nassr Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSelective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) complicates 10%–26% of monochorionic twins. Treatment options include cord coagulation, expectant management, and fetoscopic laser photocoagulation. This review compared laser to expectant management for situations when cord coagulation is not an option. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were queried for studies that compared laser to expectant management for sFGR. GRADE was used to assess quality prior to meta‐analysis. A random‐effects model was used to generate relative risks. Six studies were included, encompassing 299 pregnancies. One study was randomized and the remainder were retrospective cohorts. Laser is associated with more fetal deaths of the FGR twin compared to expectant management (risk ratio [RR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–4.37, p = 0.001, I2 = 48%). Neonatal deaths and gestational age at delivery did not differ. Laser was associated with decreased abnormal neuroimaging in the AGA twin (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.97, p = 0.05). Neurodevelopmental outcomes did not differ, although these data are limited. Laser causes more fetal deaths of the FGR twin without altering gestational age at delivery or rates of neonatal death. The literature is heterogeneous and the level of bias is high. Randomized trials that address laser for type II sFGR are needed and should include long‐term neurological outcomes.
The war, refugees, and the future of Ukraine's population
Authors: Kulu Hill , Christison Sarah , Liu Chia , Mikolai Júlia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study analyses the effect of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 on the future of Ukraine's population. We conduct a series of population projections with different assumptions on the proportion of refugees that may return to Ukraine. Our projections show that if past demographic trends continue, Ukraine's population is projected to decline by one‐sixth over the next two decades and become older. These trends are largely driven by past and current demographic developments: continued very low fertility and large‐scale emigration at the turn of the century. With war casualties and a large portion of the Ukrainian population seeking safety abroad from the conflict, the country's population is projected to decline by one‐third. The decline would be even larger among the working‐age population and children. Russia's invasion has not only led to immense human and economic costs in Ukraine in the present but also carries long‐term demographic repercussions.