bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of piroctone olamine for topical delivery to the skin
Authors: Tang Chun Fung , Paz‐Alvarez Miguel , Pudney Paul D. A. , Lane Majella E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveDandruff and its more severe related condition, seborrheic dermatitis affects a high proportion of the population at some point in their life. Piroctone olamine, also known as Octopirox® (OPX) is the monoethanolamine salt of piroctone and is an antifungal agent widely used for the management of dandruff. The aim of the present work was to characterize the physicochemical properties of piroctone olamine and to conduct pre‐formulation studies for the development of novel topical formulations of this active.MethodsAn HPLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of OPX. The melting point was determined using the DSC Q2000 (TA Instruments, USA). The distribution coefficient (logD(O/PBS)) and partition coefficient (log Po/w) was determined in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) AND deionized (DI) water using the shake flask method. All experiments were performed at room temperature. The solubility was determined experimentally by adding amount of active to a solvent. The samples were kept at 32° ± 1°C for 48 h in a water bath. The stability of the compound was determined in a range of solvents by preparing solutions of 1 mg mL−1 in the relevant solvents. These solutions were kept and stirred throughout the experiment at 32 ± 1°C, and aliquots were taken at 24, 48 and 96 h.ResultsThe HPLC method was developed successfully; however, samples at the lower end of the calibration curve showed lower degrees of precision and accuracy. Based on experiments with DSC, the melting point was observed at an onset temperature of 132.4°C. The LogD was determined to be 1.84. The compound had the highest solubility in methanol (278.4 mg mL−1) and propylene glycol (PG), with a value of 248.8 mg mL−1. The lowest solubility for OPX was in dimethyl isosorbide (9.9 mg mL−1), Labrafac™ (3.6 mg mL−1) and isostearyl isostearate (0.5 mg mL−1). Over the 4 days, OPX showed stability in ethanol and PG, while a notable decrease in OPX was observed in PBS and DI water at 32 ± 1°C.ConclusionThe physicochemical properties of OPX were characterized to find suitable excipients able to target the epidermis for topical delivery. Building on these findings, future work will focus on the development of novel topical formulation of OPX.
Arnica montanaL. associated with microcurrent accelerates the dermis reorganisation of skin lesions
Authors: Zacarias Cresle Andrei , de Mendonça Florenziano Rosimere Farias , de Andrade Thiago Antonio Moretti , de Aro Andrea Aparecida , do Amaral Maria Esméria Corezola , dos Santos Gláucia Maria Tech , Esquisatto Marcelo Augusto Marretto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the effect of electrical stimulation in association with topicalArnica montanagel on organisational changes in the dermis during tissue repair. An experimental rat incisional skin lesion was used for the study. This involved making an incisional lesion on the dorsum of the animals using a scalpel. Ninety‐six animals were used divided into the following groups: control (C), microcurrent (MC); topical treatment withArnica montanagel (ARN); the ARN + microcurrent (ARN + MC). Treatments were administered daily, and injured tissue samples were collected and processed on Days 2, 6 and 10 for dermis analyses. Myeloperoxidase levels were greater in control than in treatment groups on Days 2 and 6. F4/80 expression was similar among all treatment groups and greater than that in control on Day 2. On Day 6, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was higher in the MC group than that in other groups, whereas transforming growth factor‐β expression increased in the MC and ARN + MC groups on Day 10. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 was higher in the ARN + MC group when compared with other groups on Day 10. Expression levels of collagen I were increased in the ARN and ARN + MC groups when compared with control and MC groups on Day 6, while expression of collagen III was enhanced in MC, ARN, and ARN + MC groups when compared with the control. The protocol combining microcurrent with topical application of ARN reduces the inflammatory process, increases myofibroblasts proliferation and decreases the presence of macrophages in the dermis during skin repair in rats.
“I think they do not know how to lie:” The perceptions of legal support staff about person with intellectual disabilities/autism in Turkish legal system
Authors: Kaya Ali , Yıldız Gizem 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreased social integration of individuals with intellectual disabilities or autism could may raise their likelihood of interacting with justice system and legal staff.AimsThe present article aimed to determine the perceptions of the legal support staff about the individuals with intellectual disabilities or autism.Materials and MethodsIn the study, conducted with the phenomenological method, the views of 15 legal support staff were obtained. The study reported what participants perceived and examined whether participants had an accurate understanding of the experiences/support needs of people with intellectual disabilities/autism. The data were analysed with content analysis.ResultsThree themes were determined: (1) Experience of interview with an individual with intellectual disabilities/autism, (2) attitudes of judges, lawyers and other staff, and (3) abuse/trauma.DiscussionFindings are consistent with literature. Individuals with intellectual disabilities/autism have problems in expressing themselves, also staff do not know them, do not know their features. Studies show that staff often do not know what to do in these interviews.ConclusionBased on the participant perspectives, it was determined that individuals with intellectual disabilities/autism experienced self‐expression problems, interviewees did not understand children/individuals with intellectual disabilities or autism and could exhibit negative attitudes, the children could be abused and traumatised during judicial processes, they were more prone to abuse when compared to their peers, they could be involved in certain events more frequently and could be pushed to crime.
Childhood mental health difficulties mediate the long‐term association between early‐life adversity at age 3 and poorer cognitive functioning at ages 11 and 14
Authors: Nweze Tochukwu , Ezenwa Michael , Ajaelu Cyriacus , Okoye Chukwuemeka 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundEarly‐life adversity is associated with adverse mental health outcomes and poorer cognitive functioning in later development. However, little is known about how early‐life adversity, mental health, and cognition affect one another or how the effects unfold over time. Here, we test the hypothesis that early‐life adversity may lead to mental health challenges which in turn have adverse consequences for the development of cognitive abilities.MethodsIn a large (N = 13,287) longitudinal (5 wave) sample assessed at ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14, we use both path analysis approach and latent growth curve mediation model to study whether poorer mental health in childhood may mediate the effects of early‐life adversity on later working memory and vocabulary outcomes.ResultsWe found a significant total association between early‐life adversity and poorer performance on working memory (β = .123,p < .001, [95% CI 0.106, 0.141]) and vocabulary scores (β = −.111,p < .001, [95% CI −0.129, −0.093]). Notably, current and previous mental health mediated a substantial proportion (working memory: 59%; vocabulary: 70%) of these effects. Further longitudinal modeling showed that early‐life adversity has an enduring adverse effect on mental health, and that poorer mental health is associated with poorer cognitive performance later on in development. In a complementary analysis using latent growth curve mediation model, we found indirect associations between early‐life adversity and working memory through baseline mental health at age 3 (intercept: β = .083,p < .001, [95% CI 0.072, 0.094]) and change in mental health across ages 3–11 (slope: β = −.012,p = .001, [95% CI −0.019, −0.005]). Likewise, baseline mental health at age 3 (intercept: β = −.095,p < .001, [95% CI −0.107, −0.083]) and change in mental health across ages 3–14 (slope: β = .007,p = .001, [95% CI 0.003, 0.011]) significantly and completely mediated the relation between early‐life adversity and vocabulary outcome.ConclusionsThese findings have important potential clinical and educational implications, because they suggest that academic and cognitive resilience may be supported through early mental health interventions in vulnerable children.
Increased mortality in ICU patients ≥70 years old with COVID‐19 compared to patients with other pneumonias
Authors: Haas Lenneke E. M. , Termorshuizen Fabian , den Uil Corstiaan A. , de Keizer Nicolette F. , de Lange Dylan W. ,   the Dutch COVID‐19 Research Consortium
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients over 70 years old represent a substantial proportion of the COVID‐19 ICU population and their mortality rates are high.The aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of patients ≥70 years old admitted to Dutch ICUs with COVID‐19, compared to patients ≥70 years old admitted to the ICU for bacterial and other viral pneumonias, with adjustments for age, comorbidities, severity of illness, and ICU occupancy rate.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including patients ≥70 years old admitted to Dutch ICUs, comparing patients admitted with COVID‐19 from March 1st 2020 to January 1st 2022 with patients ≥70 years old admitted because of a bacterial and other viral pneumonia, both divided in a historical (i.e., January 1st 2017 to January 1st 2020) and current cohort (i.e., March 1st 2020 to January 1st 2022). Primary outcome is hospital mortality.Results11,525 unique patients ≥70 years old admitted to Dutch ICUs were included; 5094 with COVID‐19, 5334 with a bacterial pneumonia, and 1312 with another viral pneumonia. ICU‐mortality and in‐hospital mortality rates of the patients ≥70 years old admitted with COVID‐19 were 39.7% and 47.6% respectively. ICU‐ and hospital mortality rates of the patients who were admitted in the same or in an historical time period with a bacterial pneumonia or other viral pneumonias were considerably lower (19.5% and 28.6% for patients with a bacterial pneumonia in the historical cohort and 19.1% and 28.8% in the same period, for the patients with other viral pneumonias 20.7% and 28.9%, and 22.7% and 31.8% respectively, all p < 0.001). Differences persisted after correction for several clinical characteristics and ICU occupancy rate.ConclusionsIn ICU‐patients ≥70 years old, COVID‐19 is more severe compared to bacterial or viral pneumonia.
The challenges facing residential aged care homes to participate in quality food and nutrition research
Authors: Cave Danielle , Abbey Karen , Capra Sandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a clear need for food and nutrition research to lead to pragmatic and sustainable solutions to the ongoing problems in residential aged care, particularly within foodservices. The present study aimed to identify systemic challenges for residential aged care homes in Australia to participate in quality food and nutrition research, using a complexity science lens.MethodsQualitative data from three studies in residential aged care were gathered, which included 28 participants across 21 aged care homes. Qualitative data consisted of in‐depth interviews, field notes and email communications with aged care staff. Thematic analysis was undertaken using both inductive and deductive approaches.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) complex staffing issues deter or impede participation in research; (2) external pressure on the aged care system leads to research not being a priority; (3) funding issues are variable and pose a barrier for some aged care homes; and (4) research processes and requirements can lead to biased samples.ConclusionsSeveral challenges to undertaking quality empirical research in residential aged care in Australia were identified. Research needs to be part of usual business, similar to hospitals, and operate independently of staffing and funding issues. Issues within foodservices are system issues and there is a need for quality empirical research to determine solutions.
Did FinTech Lenders Facilitate PPP Fraud?
Authors: GRIFFIN JOHN M. , KRUGER SAMUEL , MAHAJAN PRATEEK 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIn the $793 billion Paycheck Protection Program, we examine metrics related to potential misreporting including nonregistered businesses, multiple businesses at residential addresses, abnormally high implied compensation per employee, and large inconsistencies with jobs reported in another government program. These measures consistently concentrate in certain FinTech lenders and are cross‐verified by seven additional measures. FinTech market share increased significantly over time, and suspicious lending by FinTechs in 2021 is four times the level at the start of the program. Suspicious loans are being overwhelmingly forgiven at rates similar to other loans.
Comparing Pentecostal and Charismatic Christians’ Religious and Political Beliefs Across Latin America and Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Sperber Elizabeth , Hern Erin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article compares the political correlates of Renewalist Christianity in Latin America and sub‐Saharan Africa (N= 44,832). Renewalists include Pentecostals and Charismatic members of Mainline Protestant and Catholic churches. Though rarely studied comparatively, Latin America and Sub‐Saharan Africa boast the largest Renewalist populations worldwide. Scholars have noted that the religious and political beliefs of Renewalists differ from other Christians, but existing studies either treat Renewalists as a single category or focus on Pentecostals while pooling Charismatic and non‐Charismatic Catholics and Protestants as denominational blocks. Using multilevel mixed‐effects models, this article first confirms that Renewalists’ religious and political beliefs differ from those of non‐Renewalist Christians. Importantly, this cautions against the ubiquitous aggregation of Charismatic and non‐Charismatic Catholics (and Protestants) in statistical analyses. Additionally, we theorize and evaluate differencesbetweenRenewalists and the role of regional context. Religious differences between Pentecostals and Charismatics, we show, are much larger in Latin America than in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Escherichia coli‐derived outer‐membrane vesicles induce immune activation and progression of cirrhosis in mice and humans
Authors: Natsui Kazuki , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Imamiya Risa , Osada‐Oka Mayuko , Ishii Yui , Koseki Yohei , Takeda Nobutaka , Tomiyoshi Kei , Yamazaki Fusako , Yoshida Yuki , Ohashi Riuko , Ling Yiwei , Ueda Koji , Moritoki Nobuko , Sato Kazuhiro , Nakajima Takahiro , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Okuda Shujiro , Shibata Shinsuke , Terai Shuji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDecompensated cirrhosis with fibrosis progression causes portal hypertension followed by an oedematous intestinal tract. These conditions weaken the barrier function against bacteria in the intestinal tract, a condition called leaky gut, resulting in invasion by bacteria and bacterial components. Here, we investigated the role of outer‐membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Escherichia coli, which is the representative pathogenic gut‐derived bacteria in patients with cirrhosis in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis.MethodsWe investigated the involvement of OMVs in humans using human serum and ascites samples and also investigated the involvement of OMVs from E. coli in mice using mouse liver‐derived cells and a mouse cirrhosis model.ResultsIn vitro, OMVs induced inflammatory responses to macrophages and neutrophils, including the upregulation of C‐type lectin domain family 4 member E (Clec4e), and induced the suppression of albumin production in hepatocytes but had a relatively little direct effect on hepatic stellate cells. In a mouse cirrhosis model, administration of OMVs led to increased liver inflammation, especially affecting the activation of macrophages, worsening fibrosis and decreasing albumin production. Albumin administration weakened these inflammatory changes. In addition, multiple antibodies against bacterial components were increased with a progressing Child‐Pugh grade, and OMVs were detected in ascites of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.ConclusionsIn conclusion, OMVs induce inflammation, fibrosis and suppression of albumin production, affecting the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. We believe that our study paves the way for the future prevention and treatment of cirrhosis.
The International Congress–Festival‐CIRIR 2022 (ICF‐CIRIR 2022), Rochechouart, France
Authors: Lambert Philippe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCombining science, education, outreach, art, culture, and sustainable development, the International Congress–Festival‐CIRIR 2022 (ICF‐CIRIR 2022) was held from June 28 to July 2, 2022, in the Rochechouart impact structure. A total of 59 persons registered for the Congress–Festival, with 48 of these participating in person, from 18 countries on four continents, and with 46 abstract submissions. A field trip and a drill core sample screening party followed the event from July 4 to 6. Owing to the success of the event, it will be renewed every 3–4 years to help developing the interest of young scientists and the public at large, in impact processes and their role in the evolution of planets and life.
High consumption of unhealthy commercial foods and beverages tracks across the complementary feeding period in rural/peri‐urban Cambodia
Authors: Hinnouho Guy‐Marino , Ferguson Elaine L. , MacDougall Amy , Kroeun Hou , Sophonneary Prak , Chea Mary , Pries Alissa M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConsumption of unhealthy commercial foods and beverages (UCFB) is common among infants and young children living in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Such foods can displace other nutritious foods, however, there is limited evidence on how this consumption tracks across time. This study assessed and tracked UCFB consumption of children living in rural/peri‐urban Cambodia during the complementary feeding period, identified UCFB consumption patterns of these children, and explored the association between UCFB consumption and growth. A 6‐month longitudinal cohort study was implemented among 567 caregivers of children aged 10–14 months at recruitment. UCFB consumption was estimated each month via a telephone‐administered 7‐day food frequency questionnaire, and UCFB consumption patterns were identified based on changes in this frequency of consumption over time. The majority of children either maintained (45.7%, n = 246) or developed (43.5%, n = 234) an unhealthy consumption pattern and only 10.8% (n = 58) of children maintained/transitioned into a healthy consumption pattern. High consumers of UCFB at 10–14 months had a 4.7 (CI: 4.7 [3.1–7.2]) times odds of being high consumers of UCFB at 15–19 months (p < 0.001). There was a trend of lower length‐for‐age z‐scores (LAZ) among children maintaining or developing an unhealthy consumption pattern (~−0. SD LAZ) compared to children maintaining/transitioning into a healthy consumption pattern, however, this association was not statistically significant. Findings indicate that high UCFB consumption begins during infancy and tracks into early childhood. National policies and programmes centred on early interventions addressing the use of UCFB for infant and young child feeding are needed.
Correlated evolution in an ectomycorrhizal host–symbiont system
Authors: van Galen Laura G. , Orlovich David A. , Lord Janice M. , Nilsen Andy R. , Dutoit Ludovic , Larcombe Matthew J. 
Published: February 2023

Summary
Mechanisms of diversification in fungi are relatively poorly known. Many ectomycorrhizal symbionts show preference for particular host genera or families, so host–symbiont selection may be an important driver of fungal diversification in ectomycorrhizal systems. However, whether ectomycorrhizal hosts and symbionts show correlated evolutionary patterns remains untested, and it is unknown whether fungal specialisation also occurs in systems dominated by hosts from the same genus.
We use metabarcoding of ectomycorrhizal fungi collected with hyphal ingrowth bags from Nothofagus forests across southern New Zealand to investigate host–symbiont specialisation and correlated evolution. We examine how ectomycorrhizal communities differ between host species and look for patterns of host–symbiont cophylogeny.
We found substantial differences in ectomycorrhizal communities associated with different host taxa, particularly between hosts from different subgenera (Lophozonia and Fuscospora), but also between more closely related hosts. Twenty‐four per cent of fungal taxa tested showed affiliations to particular hosts, and tests for cophylogeny revealed significant correlations between host relatedness and the fungal phylogeny that extended to substantial evolutionary depth.
These results provide new evidence of correlated evolution in ectomycorrhizal systems, indicating that preferences among closely related host species may represent an important evolutionary driver for local lineage diversification in ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Lefebvre's production of space: Implications for nursing
Authors: Strus Jacqueline A. , Holmes Dave , O'Byrne Patrick , Hammond Chad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that nurses need to be aware of how the production of space in specific contexts – including health care systems and research institutions – perpetuates marginalized populations' state of social otherness. Lefebvre's idea regarding spatial triad is mobilized in this paper, as it pertains to two‐spirited, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer populations (2SLGBTQ*). We believe that nurses can create counter‐spaces within health care systems and research institutions that challenge normative discourses. Lefebvre's work provides us the necessary tools to understand how various places or environments produce identities. In understanding Lefebvre's principles, we believe that nurses can play an essential role in creating counter‐spaces, thereby instigating counter‐institutional practices, for those who experience otherness.