bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakly interacting massive particle cross section limits from LOFAR observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies
Authors: Gajović L. , Welzmüller F. , Heesen V. , de Gasperin F. , Vollmann M. , Brüggen M. , Basu A. , Beck R. , Schwarz D. J. , Bomans D. J. , Drabent A. 
Published: March 2023

Context.Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) can self-annihilate, thus providing us with a way to indirectly detect dark matter (DM). Dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies are excellent places to search for annihilation signals because they are rich in DM and background emission is low. If O(0.1–10 μG) magnetic fields in dSph galaxies exist, the particles produced in DM annihilation emit synchrotron radiation in the radio band.Aims.We used the non-detection of 150 MHz radio continuum emission from dSph galaxies with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to derive constraints on the annihilation cross section of WIMPs in electron–positron pairs. Our main underlying assumption is that the transport of the cosmic rays can be described by the diffusion approximation, which necessitates the existence of magnetic fields.Methods.We used observations of six dSph galaxies in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). The data were reimaged, and a radial profile was generated for each galaxy. We also used stacking to increase the sensitivity. In order to derive upper limits on the WIMP cross section, we injected fake Gaussian sources into the data, which were then detected with 2σsignificance in the radial profile. These sources represent the lowest emission we would have been able to detect.Results.We present limits from the observations of individual galaxies as well as from stacking. We explored the uncertainty due to the choice of diffusion and magnetic field parameters by constructing three different model scenarios: optimistic (OPT), intermediate (INT), and pessimistic (PES). Assuming monochromatic annihilation into electron–positron pairs, the limits from the INT scenario exclude thermal WIMPs (⟨σv⟩≈2.2 × 10−26 cm3 s−1) below 20 GeV, and the limits from the OPT scenario even exclude thermal WIMPs below 70 GeV. The INT limits can compete with limits set byFermi-LAT usingγ-ray observations of multiple dwarf galaxies, and they are especially strong for low WIMP masses.
Arthroscopic Management of Distal Radius Fractures and
Malunions
Authors: Williams Daniel C , Piñal Francisco del 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArticular congruity is the most important prognostic factor when dealing with a
distal intra-articular radius fracture or the correction of intra-articular
malunion. This article details our approach with tips and tricks for effectively
managing these complex injuries with the aid of dry arthroscopy.
Die Behandlung der kontrakten ersten Kommissur der Hand:
Literaturübersicht und eigene Erfahrungen
Authors: Fritsche Elmar , Winterholer Dorrit , Hug Urs 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer frei bewegliche Daumen ist für die Funktion der menschlichen Hand von
zentraler Bedeutung. Diese Beweglichkeit ist an eine ungestörte Funktion
der Kommissur zwischen dem Daumen und dem Zeigefinger oder bei Fehlen des
Zeigefingers dem Mittelfinger gekoppelt. Eine erhebliche, durch welche Genese
auch immer bedingte Kontraktur der ersten Kommissur hat unweigerlich einen
erheblichen Funktionsverlust bis hin zur nahezu vollständigen
Gebrauchsunfähigkeit des Daumens, ja der Hand zur Folge. Bei der
operativen Behandlung der Kontraktur der ersten Kommissur ist häufig ein
Eingriff an der kontrakten Haut ausreichend. In einigen Fällen bedingt
sie aber ein mehrstufiges Vorgehen an Faszien, Muskeln und Gelenken, an dessen
Ende die Weichteilerweiterung des Interspatiums zwischen Daumen und Zeigefinger
steht. Wir erwähnen alte Einsichten zum Thema, geben einen
Überblick über die Literatur, stellen eigene Erfahrungen anhand
von 5 Fällen vor und geben – der Schwere der Kontraktur
entsprechend – eine Therapieempfehlung ab.
Psychosomatische Beschwerden: Kopf- und Bauchschmerzen im Kindesalter
Authors: Pothmann Raymund 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBauch- und Kopfschmerzen gehören bei Klein- und Schulkindern zu den häufigsten funktionellen Beschwerden. Die Diagnostik orientiert sich am Ausschluss der potenziell wichtigsten somatischen Ursachen, um eine therapeutische Bereitschaft zu gewährleisten. Die Behandlung sollte eingebettet sein in ein biopsychosoziales Gesamtkonzept, das ein verhaltenstherapeutisches Setting sowie eine ausgewogene triggerarme Kost in Anlehnung an traditionelle chinesische Vorgaben einschließt. Der Einsatz von Akupunktur und verwandten Verfahren hängt allerdings eher von der Verfügbarkeit eines qualifizierten Therapeuten als von einer ausgewiesen wirksamen Indikation ab.
Es muss nicht immer Ibu sein – naturheilkundliche Behandlung fieberhafter Erkrankungen
Authors: Stör Wolfram , Schierl Sabine 
Published: March 2023

SummaryFieber kann gefährlich sein, ist aber oft auch wichtig für die Entwicklung. Der Beitrag gibt viele praktische Ratschläge, wie fieberhafte Erkrankungen ohne allopathische fiebersenkende Mittel erfolgreich behandelt werden können, besonders bei Kleinkindern und im Vorschulalter, also die Altersgruppe, die häufig fiebert.
Click Chemistry-Inspired Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Calix[4]arene-Cored Galactosylated and Mannosylated Glycodendrimers
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Yadav Mangal S. , Maddeshiya Tarkeshwar , Asthana Surabhi , Jaiswal Manoj K. , Tiwari Vinod K. , Pandey Mrituanjay D. 
Published: March 2023

A prompt and modular copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition ʼclickʼ approach has been exploited for the synthesis of galactose- and mannose-coated calixarene-cored G1 generation glycodendrimers. The developed calixarene glycodendrimers were characterized by using spectral techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR). In photophysical evaluation, UV and fluorescence spectra of the developed compounds were recorded in CH3CN/H2O.
Visible-Light-Driven Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides via Oxidative Coupling
Authors: Ren Ming-Zhe , Fu Yan-Jun , Quan Zheng-Jun , Wang Xi-Cun , Zhang Bo-Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein, a facile and environmentally friendly oxidative coupling reaction to obtain unsymmetrical disulfide compounds, without using metal or organic dyes as photocatalyst and only using a catalytic amount of iodine, was developed. Oxygen is used as oxidant in the reaction and the substrate scope is wide. A gram-scale synthesis also highlights the synthetic practicality of this photochemical strategy. Moreover, our mechanistic studies support the formation of disulfide products through free-radical coupling.
Mucous Extractor for Tumor Tissue Sampling in Neurosurgery
Authors: Ruparelia Jigish , Gosal Jaskaran Singh , Garg Mayank , Jha Deepak Kumar , Kaur Manbir , Kumari Kamlesh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective Collection of sample for histopathological analysis is highly important during any surgical procedure. The histopathology report helps determine the diagnosis, prognosis further management, and follow-up plan. The use of a reliable sample collection technique is doubly important in neurosurgical procedures because lesions are often deep-seated and difficult to access.
Materials and Methods Conventional techniques of sample collection, such as use of tumor-grasping forceps and collection of material from the ultrasonic aspirator device suffer from limitations of access and unreliability. We propose a novel technique of sample collection using readily available mucous aspirator device.
Results This device is economical, sterile, and disposable. It can be used even in low-resource settings because it is easily available. It can also be connected to suction cannula and the negative pressure settings can be adjusted as required.
Conclusion The use of this device for neurosurgical procedures has been tried in the transcranial and transnasal neurosurgical procedures and found to be effective. The sample collected in the canister of the mucous aspirator can be directly sent to the laboratory for histopathological analysis.
Evaluation of Radiological and Neurological Outcomes after Anterior Cervical Corpectomy with Fusion using Expandable Cage Alone and Expandable Cage with Anterior Cervical Plating
Authors: Seervi Manoj Kumar , Jain Surendra , Purohit Devendra Kumar , Meena Ugan Singh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective After anterior cervical corpectomy expandable cage were used with or without using anterior cervical plate for structural support are being preferred over autologous bone graft and other types of cages. Nowadays, the preferable type of cages and application of anterior cervical plate remain a debatable topic with studies giving divergent results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of expandable cages used alone or expandable cage used with anterior cervical plate following anterior cervical corpectomy.
Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 100 patients from January 2019 to December 2021 and all patients were undergone anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion and divided in two groups with expandable cage only (Group A) and expandable cage with anterior cervical plate (Group B). Various long-term benefits and radiological outcomes were studied in both groups.
Statistical Analysis and Results In this study, 100 patients were included and all patients underwent corpectomy followed by insertion of expandable cage alone or with anterior cervical plate. There was an improvement in C2–C7 Cobb's angle in group B was significantly higher than group A (p < 0.05) and decrease in Nurick's scale score in group B was significantly higher than group A (p < 0.05). The outcomes were measured with fusion rate (94%), subsidence rate (15%) and change in C2–C7 Cobb's angle was 4 degrees in this study.
Conclusion Expandable cage with or without anterior cervical plate was used after anterior cervical corpectomy for various cervical pathological conditions. In this study, we conclude the long-term benefits and radiological outcomes of two groups as expandable cage was used alone or with additional application of anterior cervical plate. In this study, the results were more in favor of additional application of anterior cervical plate as compared with expandable cage alone and more studies were required in future for more established long-term benefits and drawbacks.
Accuracy and Safety of Fluoroscopy-Assisted Transpedicular Screw Insertion in Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery: Evaluation of 122 Screws
Authors: Sahri Imad-Eddine , Tlemcani Zakaria Chandid , Akroud Sofia El , Cherif El Asri Abad , Gazzaz Miloudi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to determine the accuracy and safety of trans-pedicular screws' insertion in the thoracolumbar spine using a fluoroscopy-assisted surgical technique. We retrospectively evaluated all patients who underwent a postoperative computed tomography scan to assess the location of the pedicular screws following thoracolumbar spinal surgery, at the Mohammed Vth Military Training Hospital-Rabat, from January 2020 to April 2022. We used Gertzbein's classification to grade pedicular cortex breaches. A screw penetration greater than 4 mm (grades D–E) was considered critical and one less than 4 mm was classified as noncritical (grades A–C). A total of 122 screws inserted in the T1 to L5 vertebrae were included from 25 patients. The average age was 46 years old. Pathologies included degenerative disorders (5 patients), tumors (8 patients), and trauma (12 patients). All screws were inserted using lateral and anteroposterior fluoroscopic guidance. A total of 11 transpedicular screws breaches were identified. The breaches incidence was significantly higher in thoracic pedicles (8 screws) than in lumbar pedicles (3 screws). Of these, three critical cases occurred in two patients and one of them required reintervention. The remaining eight exceedances were not critical and were closely monitored and followed up. Transpedicular screws fluoroscopy-assisted surgical fixation can be performed for the stabilization of the thoracolumbar spine with satisfactory safety and precision.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Scalp Tumor: A Short-Term Institutional Experience with Literature Review
Authors: Jha Vikas Chandra , Alam Mohammad Shahnawaz , Sinha Vivek Saran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of the scalp is rare. These lesions are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), but patients had been reported without NF1 also. We tried to analyze the difference between the clinical course and outcome of the patient with MPNST having stigmata of NF1 and without it. We included five patients treated over 3 years between July 2018 and July 2021 with diffuse scalp MPNST. Two of these five patients with MPNST of the scalp had neurocutaneous stigmata of NF1. Three were female and two males with an average age of 38.40 ± 18.48 years—the youngest with NF1 being a 19-year-old female. We found dull aching pain as the most typical complaint in all patients and a repeated episode of generalized seizure in one patient. In these cases, two patients with NF1 have highly vascular tumors and attained large sizes greater than 30 cm. These two cases required preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and embolization with n-butyl acrylate. Total excision of the tumor was done in all patients with radiotherapy. Metastases within 1 year were noted in two patients with NF1, and one of these two succumbed to her illness. The rest of the three patients without NF1 are under follow-up with no evidence of disease with a maximum follow-up of 2 years. Large MPNST (size > 20 cm) are rare and reported to have been associated with and without NF1. Patients with scalp MPNST with NF1 can achieve larger size with fast progression of tumor size and higher chances of recurrence and metastases.
Atomic structure evolution and linear regression fitting models for pre-breakdown electric field strength of FCC, BCC and HCP metal nano-emitters under high electric field from PIC-ED–MD simulations
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Li Nan , Song Zifeng , Wu Kai , Cheng Yonghong , Xiao Bing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Multi-scale and multi-physics simulations are carried out for nano-emitters consisting of FCC (Al, Cu and Au), BCC (V, Mo and W) and HCP (Ti, Zn and Zr) metals, using hybrid electrodynamics coupled with molecular dynamics-particle in cell simulations (PIC-ED–MD). We show that the tilting of the nano-emitter at low temperature and small electric field (E-field) is mainly caused either by the movement of partial dislocations at the apex of the nanotip or by the elastic local distortions of atomic registries away from their ideal lattice sites (FCC/BCC/HCP). At high E-field, the intense resistive heating due to the strong electron emission leads to the direct melting of the apex of nano-emitters. For nano-emitters consisting of low melting point metals such as Al, Zn and Au, the thermal runaway is driven by the elongation, thinning and necking of the molten region. Meanwhile, the elongation, thinning and sharpening produce the nano-protrusion at the apex of metal nano-emitters, and the detachment of atoms or atomic clusters from the nano-protrusion mainly contributes to the thermal runaway event for refractor metals such as Ti, Zr, Mo and W. The critical E-field strength of metal nano-emitters is found to be strongly correlated with structural parameters (atomic coordination number of liquid and equilibrium lattice constant), thermodynamic quantities (cohesive energy and enthalpy of evaporation) and phase transition temperatures (melting point and boiling point). These correlations enable us to establish either single-variable linear fitting models or multi-variable linear regression models to predict the critical E-field value for metal nano-emitters with good credibility.
Strategically constructed high-reflectivity multiple-stack distributed Bragg reflectors for efficient GaN-based flip-chip mini-LEDs
Authors: Shi Lang , Sun Yuechang , Cui Yongjin , Du Peng , Zhuang Jiaming , Zhou Shengjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Full-angle distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) consisting of numerous sub-DBRs with discrete central wavelengths have been developed to enhance performance of GaN-based flip-chip mini light-emitting diodes (FC mini-LEDs). However, relatively low reflectivity of full-angle DBRs at large angle incidence restricts further enhancement in performance of FC mini-LEDs. Here, we introduce a reflectivity optimization strategy for constructing high-reflectivity multiple-stack DBRs by rationally engineering the number of sub-DBRs and adjusting central wavelength distribution of sub-DBRs. Based on the reflectivity optimization strategy, we devise a Ti3O5/SiO2 quintuple-stack DBR which is composed of five sub-DBRs. Our quintuple-stack DBR maintains a high reflectivity (>97.5%) over a wide range of incident angles of light. Notably, compared with the full-angle DBR, our quintuple-stack DBR exhibits higher reflectivity at large angle incidence and thinner multilayer thickness. Furthermore, we demonstrate two types of GaN-based blue FC mini-LEDs with indium-tin oxide (ITO)/quintuple-stack DBR and ITO/full-angle DBR p-type ohmic contacts. Benefiting from superior reflection performance, blue FC mini-LED with ITO/quintuple-stack DBR achieves an enhancement of ∼5.8% in light output power at 10 mA, in comparison with blue FC mini-LED with ITO/full-angle DBR. Our work signifies an advancement towards high-reflectivity DBRs, which enables higher-performance FC mini-LEDs.
Synthesis and applications of MXene-based composites: a review
Authors: Noor Umar , Mughal Muhammad Furqan , Ahmed Toheed , Farid Muhammad Fayyaz , Ammar Muhammad , Kulsum Umme , Saleem Amna , Naeem Mahnoor , Khan Aqsa , Sharif Ammara , Waqar Kashif 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recently, there has been considerable interest in a new family of transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides referred to as MXenes (Ti3C2T
x
) due to the variety of their elemental compositions and surface terminations that exhibit many fascinating physical and chemical properties. As a result of their easy formability, MXenes may be combined with other materials, such as polymers, oxides, and carbon nanotubes, which can be used to tune their properties for various applications. As is widely known, MXenes and MXene-based composites have gained considerable prominence as electrode materials in the energy storage field. In addition to their high conductivity, reducibility, and biocompatibility, they have also demonstrated outstanding potential for applications related to the environment, including electro/photocatalytic water splitting, photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, water purification, and sensors. This review discusses MXene-based composite used in anode materials, while the electrochemical performance of MXene-based anodes for Li-based batteries (LiBs) is discussed in addition to key findings, operating processes, and factors influencing electrochemical performance.
Estimation of patient-size dependent imaging dose for stereoscopic/monoscopic real-time kV image guidance in lung and prostate SBRT
Authors: Abeywardhana Ruwan , Spurway Alan , Sattarivand Mike 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to quantify the dependence of patient-specific imaging dose on patient-size from ExacTrac stereoscopic/monoscopic real-time tumor monitoring during lung and prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Approach. Thirty lung and 30 prostate SBRT patients that were treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were selected and divided into three patient size categories. Imaging doses from all SBRT fractions were calculated retrospectively assuming patients went through real-time tumor monitoring during their actual VMAT treatment times. Treatment times were divided into periods of stereoscopic and monoscopic real-time imaging depending on the imaging view with linac gantry blockage. The computed tomography (CT) images and contours of the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were exported from the treatment planning system. Based on the CT data, patient-specific 3D imaging dose distributions were calculated in a validated Monte Carlo model using DOSEXYZnrc. Vendor-recommended imaging protocols (lung: 120–140 kV, 16–25 mAs; prostate: 110–130 kV, 25 mAs) were used for each patient size category. Patient-specific imaging doses received by PTV and OARs were evaluated using dose volume histograms, dose delivered to 50% of organ volume (D50), and 2% of organ volume (D2). Results. Bone and skin received the highest imaging dose. For the lung patients, the highest D2 for bone and skin were 4.30% and 1.98% of the prescription dose respectively. For prostate patients, the highest D2 were 2.53% and 1.35% of the prescription for bone and skin. Additional imaging dose to PTV as a percentage of the prescribed dose was at most 2.42% for lung and 0.29% for prostate patients. T-test results showed statistically significant difference in D2 and D50 between at least two patient size categories for PTVs and all the OARs. Larger patients received more skin dose in both lung and prostate patients. For the internal OARs, larger patients received more dose in lung treatment while the trend was opposite in prostate treatment. Conclusion. Patient-specific imaging dose was quantified for monoscopic/stereoscopic real-time kV image guidance in lung and prostate patients with respect to patient size. Additional skin dose was 1.98% (in lung patients) and 1.35% (in prostate patients) of the prescription which is within 5% recommended value by the AAPM Task Group 180. For internal OARs, larger patients received more dose in lung patients while the trend was the opposite for prostate patients. Patient size was an important factor to determine additional imaging dose.
Optical properties of donor impurity in Yukawa like potential: application to SiGe/Si and Si/SiGe
Authors: Varsha  , Kria M , Nautiyal Vijit V , Lakaal K , Laroze D , Pérez L M , Prasad V , Feddi E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have investigated the effect of temperature and geometrical confinement on the behavior of spherical cavities with Yukawa potential presence inside the cavity within effective mass approximation. Using the Finite-element method, we have calculated the energy eigenvalue with the geometric and temperature effects into consideration with consideration of temperature and position-dependent mass, and position-dependent dielectric constant. The optical transition from the ground to the excited state shows a blueshift in optical absorption coefficient, refractive index changes, and second and third harmonic generation with an increase in temperature. The increase in the geometric size of the spherical cavity causes a redshift in the optical resonance peaks.
On the contribution of cosmic-ray interactions in the circumgalactic gas to the observed high-energy neutrino flux
Authors: Kalashev Oleg , Martynenko Nickolay , Troitsky Sergey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cosmic rays escaping the Milky-Way disk interact with circumgalactic gas which fills the
virial volume of our Galaxy. These interactions should produce guaranteed fluxes of energetic
diffuse neutrinos and photons observable at the Earth. This neutrino flux would be a plausible
contribution to the spectrum measured by the IceCube neutrino observatory: the energy emitted in
this way is weakly constrained from cascade gamma rays, since the cascades have no time to
develop, but the arrival directions of the neutrinos do not point to the Galactic disk, in
agreement with observations. However, previous studies reported very different estimates of the
corresponding neutrino flux, so it was unclear if this contribution to the observed spectrum is
essential. Here we readdress the calculation of this diffuse neutrino flux component under various
assumptions about the cosmic-ray spectrum and propagation in the circumgalactic medium. We find
that even with these variations, this contribution to the observed neutrino flux remains
subleading provided multimessenger constraints are satisfied.