bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sandpiper optimization algorithm with cosine similarity based cross‐layer routing protocol for smart agriculture in wireless sensor network assisted internet of things systems
Authors: Gupta Akanksha , Nahar Priyank 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) has recently attained a prominent role in enabling smooth and effective communication among various networks. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is utilized in IoT to collect peculiar data without interacting with humans in specific applications. Energy is a major problem in WSN‐assisted IoT applications, even though better data communication is achieved through cross‐layer models. This paper proposes a new cross‐layer‐based clustering and routing model to provide a scalable and energy‐efficient long data communication in WSN‐assisted IoT systems for smart agriculture. Initially, the fuzzy k‐medoids clustering approach is used to split the network into various clusters since the formation of clusters plays an important role in energy consumption. Then, a new swarm optimization known as enhanced sparrow search algorithm (ESSA), which is the combination of SSA and chameleon swarm algorithm (CSA), has been introduced for optimal cluster head (CH) selection to solve the energy‐hole problems in WSN. A cross‐layer strategy has been preferred to provide efficient data transmission. Each sensor node parameter of the physical layer, network layer and medium access control (MAC) is considered for processing routing. Finally, a new bio‐inspired algorithm is known as the sandpiper optimization algorithm (SOA), and cosine similarity (CS) has been employed to determine the optimal route for efficient data transmission and retransmission. The simulation of the proposed protocol is implemented by network simulator (NS2), and the simulation results are taken in terms of end‐to‐end delay, PDR, communication overhead, communication cost, average consumed energy, and network lifetime.
White matter microstructural metrics are sensitively associated with clinical staging in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yang Yisu , Schilling Kurt , Shashikumar Niranjana , Jasodanand Varuna , Moore Elizabeth E. , Pechman Kimberly R. , Bilgel Murat , Beason‐Held Lori L. , An Yang , Shafer Andrea , Risacher Shannon L. , Landman Bennett A. , Jefferson Angela L. , Saykin Andrew J. , Resnick Susan M. , Hohman Timothy J. , Archer Derek B. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionWhite matter microstructure may be abnormal along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum.MethodsDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, n = 627), Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA, n = 684), and Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project (VMAP, n = 296) cohorts were free‐water (FW) corrected and conventional, and FW‐corrected microstructural metrics were quantified within 48 white matter tracts. Microstructural values were subsequently harmonized using the Longitudinal ComBat technique and inputted as independent variables to predict diagnosis (cognitively unimpaired [CU], mild cognitive impairment [MCI], AD). Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status, and APOE ε2 carrier status.ResultsConventional dMRI metrics were associated globally with diagnostic status; following FW correction, the FW metric itself exhibited global associations with diagnostic status, but intracellular metric associations were diminished.DiscussionWhite matter microstructure is altered along the AD continuum. FW correction may provide further understanding of the white matter neurodegenerative process in AD.Highlights
Longitudinal ComBat successfully harmonized large‐scale diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) metrics.
Conventional dMRI metrics were globally sensitive to diagnostic status.
Free‐water (FW) correction mitigated intracellular associations with diagnostic status.
The FW metric itself was globally sensitive to diagnostic status.
Multivariate conventional and FW‐corrected models may provide complementary information.
Oxytocin system polymorphisms rs237887 and rs2740210 variants increase the risk of depression in pregnant women with early abuse
Authors: Olazábal Daniel Ernesto , Bertoni Bernardo , Grandi Graciela , Musetti Dora , Rey Grazzia , Sandberg Natalia , Fernández Lucia , Laporte Gabriela , Medici Florencia , Nicolaisen‐Sobesky Eliana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrepartum depression is associated with early adversity, pregnancy complications, preterm delivery, postpartum depression, and long‐term effects on child neurodevelopment. The oxytocin (OXT) system is affected by early adverse experiences and has been associated with depression. In the current study, we investigated risk factors for prenatal depressive symptoms, mainly the effects of early childhood and adolescence trauma, in combination with the presence of certain variants of polymorphisms of OXT and OXT receptor (OXTR) genes. We hypothesized that early childhood and adolescence trauma has higher negative effects in carriers of genetic variants of the OXT/OXTR system, increasing their risk for depression. Early in pregnancy (8–14 weeks), 141 pregnant women from a Uruguayan population were asked to provide DNA samples and complete questionnaires that assessed their experience of child abuse, depression symptoms, and other variables that included demographic information. Our results showed that 23.5% of pregnant women had depressive symptoms. Several OXT and OXTR genetic variants were associated with higher risk of prepartum depression only in those pregnant women who suffered emotional abuse during infancy or adolescence. Logistic regression (Nagelkerke's R2 = .33) revealed that women who suffered early abuse and were carriers of the variants CC of rs2740210 (OXT) or AA of rs237887 (OXTR) had significantly higher risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. Antecedents of psychiatric disorders also contributed to the risk of depression. We conclude that emotional abuse contributes to the risk of depression in different ways in women carrying different OXT and OXTR genetic variants. Early detection and closer follow‐up of women with child abuse and certain OXT genetic variants, among other risk factors, could reduce the long‐term impact of prepartum depression.
Fine and gross motor skills in 7–10 years old Indian children exposed to a natural disaster during early development
Authors: Gomula Aleksandra , Nowak‐Szczepanska Natalia , Chakraborty Raja , Malina Robert M. , Ignasiak Zofia , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFetal life and infancy are extremely sensitive to adverse environmental conditions. This study aimed to assess the effect of exposure to a natural disaster (cyclone Aila) in utero or during infancy on fine and gross motor functions in preadolescent Indian children. The study was conducted in West Bengal, India, and included approximately 700 children (7–10 years old) who were prenatally or postnatally exposed to cyclone Aila and a nonaffected group. Anthropometric measures included height, weight, and birthweight. Socioeconomic status was based on parental education, family size, and income. Motor functions were assessed using the short form of Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT‐2). Statistical analyses included, for example, generalized linear models. There were no differences in motor functions relative to the timing of the exposure (trimester) during pregnancy. Compared to the controls, prenatal Aila exposure resulted in poorer performance in all BOT‐2 subtests, except for fine motor precision, strength, and balance (the last in boys), while postnatal Aila exposure, compared to the controls, resulted in poorer performance in manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance (girls only), and speed and agility. Early life exposure to a natural disaster has long‐term adverse effect on motor proficiency in children. By inference, the welfare of pregnant women and infants should be of particular concern for emergency and health services during an environmental cataclysm.
Multiple lines of evidence suggest the persistence of the Ivory‐billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) in Louisiana
Authors: Latta Steven C. , Michaels Mark A. , Michot Thomas C. , Shrum Peggy L. , Johnson Patricia , Tischendorf Jay , Weeks Michael , Trochet John , Scheifler Don , Ford Bob 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe history of the decline of the Ivory‐billed Woodpecker is long and complex, but the status of the species since 1944, when the last widely accepted sighting in continental North America occurred, is particularly controversial. Reports of Ivory‐billed Woodpeckers have continued, but none has reached the threshold of quality for general acceptance by ornithologists or the birdwatching public. In 2021, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service opened for public comment a proposal to declare the species extinct. Here, we present evidence suggesting the presence of the Ivory‐billed Woodpecker at our study site, based on a variety of data collected over a 10‐year search period, 2012–2022. These data are drawn from visual observations, ~70,000 h of recordings by 80–100 acoustic recording units, ~472,550 camera‐hours by as many as 34 trail cameras, and ~1089 h of video drawn from ~3265 drone flights. Using multiple lines of evidence, the data suggest intermittent but repeated presence of multiple individual birds with field marks and behaviors consistent with those of Ivory‐billed Woodpeckers. Data indicate repeated reuse of foraging sites and core habitat. Our findings, and the inferences drawn from them, suggest that not all is lost for the Ivory‐billed Woodpecker, and that it is clearly premature for the species to be declared extinct.
Measuring the shape of mortality across animals and plants: Alternatives to H entropy metrics reveal hidden type IV survivorship curves and associations with parental care at macro‐ecological scales
Authors: Healy Kevin , Kelly Ruth , Carnevale Angela , Buckley Yvonne M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe shape of mortality, or how mortality is spread across an organism's life course, is fundamental to a range of biological processes, with attempts to quantify it rooted in ecology, evolution, and demography. One approach to quantify the distribution of mortality over an organism's life is the use of entropy metrics whose values are interpreted within the classical framework of survivorship curves ranging from type I distributions, with mortality concentrated in late life stages, to type III survivorship curves associated with high early stage mortality. However, entropy metrics were originally developed using restricted taxonomic groups and the behavior of entropy metrics over larger scales of variation may make them unsuitable for wider‐ranging contemporary comparative studies. Here, we revisit the classic survivorship framework and, using a combination of simulations and comparative analysis of demography data spanning the animal and plant kingdoms, we show that commonly used entropy metrics cannot distinguish between the most extreme survivorship curves, which in turn can mask important macroecological patterns. We show how using H entropy masks a macroecological pattern of how parental care is associated with type I and type II species and for macroecological studies recommend the use of metrics, such as measures of area under the curve. Using frameworks and metrics that capture the full range of variation of survivorship curves will aid in our understanding of the links between the shape of mortality, population dynamics, and life history traits.
Citizen science facilitates first ever genetic detection of wolf‐dog hybridization in Indian savannahs
Authors: Tyagi Abhinav , Godbole Mihir , Vanak Abi Tamim , Ramakrishnan Uma 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHuman demographic expansion has confined wildlife to fragmented habitats, often in proximity to human‐modified landscapes. Such interfaces facilitate increased interactions between feral or domesticated animals and wildlife, posing a high risk to wild species. This is especially relevant for free‐ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and wild canids like gray wolves (Canis lupus) and golden jackals (Canis aureus). Wolf–dog hybridization may lead to a significant reduction of specific adaptations in wolves that could result in the decline of wolf populations. Detection and genetic discrimination of hybrids between dogs and wolves are challenging because of their complex demographic history and close ancestry. Citizen scientists identified two phenotypically different‐looking individuals and subsequently collected non‐invasive samples that were used by geneticists to test wolf‐dog hybridization. Genomic data from shed hair samples of suspected hybrid individuals using double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing resulted in 698 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. We investigated the genetic origin of these two individuals analyzed with genetically known dogs, wolves, and other canid species including jackals and dholes (Cuon alpinus). Our results provide the first genetic evidence of one F2 hybrid and the other individual could be a complex hybrid between dogs and wolves. Our results re‐iterate the power of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) for non‐invasive samples as an efficient tool for detecting hybrids. Our results suggest the need for more robust monitoring of wolf populations and highlight the tremendous potential for collaborative approaches between citizens and conservation scientists to detect and monitor threats to biodiversity.
Employing Click Chemistry to Expand the Scope of the Metal‐Free Donor‐Acceptor‐Type Photocatalyst 4CzIPN
Authors: Münch Angela , Weihrich Lorenz , Knoblauch Niclas , Seibel Jürgen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe design of a versatile alkyne‐bearing derivative of the donor‐acceptor fluorophore 2,4,5,6‐tetrakis(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl) isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN) suitable for further targeted modifications by copper‐catalysed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) is reported. The newly synthesised photoredox catalyst notably exhibits analogously unique photoelectronic and steric features as the well‐established carbazolyl dicyanobenzene motif and performs equally in a C−C‐Coupling model reaction. Furthermore, the variability of this donor‐acceptor system was demonstrated by the generation of a library of fourteen photoredox catalysts with electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating groups as well as residues with high steric demands in one simple and selective CuAAC reaction. The modified catalysts feature a broad scope of reducing and oxidising powers in their excited states (span of reducing powers over more than 1 V) and were also successfully applied in the photoredox and nickel‐catalysed decarboxylative cross coupling model reaction. This work represents a method to overcome the limitations in the flexibility of metal‐free donor‐acceptor fluorophores required for the targeted application in organic synthesis and paves the way for the design of customised catalysts with multiple functionalities.
Esterification of oleic acid to biodiesel using biowaste‐based solid acid catalyst under microwave irradiation
Authors: Kushwaha Tribhuvan , Ao Supongsenla , Ngaosuwan Kanokwan , Assabumrungrat Suttichai , Gurunathan Baskar , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel carbon‐based solid catalyst was synthesized from waste biomass of watermelon peel (Citrullus lanatus) by one pot carbonization and functionalization with H2SO4 for biodiesel production. Oleic acid was utilized as a test substrate in this study given that it is a key component for majority of feedstocks used for biodiesel production. Synthesized catalyst was extensively characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–EDX and Brunauer–Emmett Teller analysis. The catalyst revealed aromatic structure, hydrophilic OH and COOH groups as well as a high density of SO3H active centres with a total acidity of 3.6 mmol g−1. Using the optimized reaction condition (MeOH: oleic acid molar ratio 20:1, catalyst loading 8 wt.%, temperature 100°C and reaction time of 60 min) under microwave irradiation (50 W, 100 psi) a conversion as high as 94.36 ± 0.3% of oleic acid to biodiesel was reported. Activation energy of the esterification was found to be 38.16 kJ mol−1. Catalyst recovery was probed to over five reaction cycles, with a modest loss in activity (81.73 ± 0.4% conversion in the fifth cycle) resulting from limited active site leaching.
Adsorption of Direct Orange 46 and phosphate ions on waste tomato stem ash used as a bio‐based adsorbent
Authors: Eskikaya Ozan , Arslan Hudaverdi , Gun Melis , Bouchareb Raouf , Dizge Nadir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is necessary to use adsorbents derived from natural materials, such as biosorbents since they do not any damage to the environment, for pollutants elimination that contaminate the aquatic environment. Since the deficiency in the literature was determined in the study in which only the adsorbent obtained from tomato stem was used before this study, a waste material with tomato stem was selected as a natural adsorbent without chemical compounds. Phosphate and dye contaminants, which are often present in industrial and municipal wastewater, were eliminated by adsorption process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Zeta potential, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy were used to analyze tomato stems. The tomato stems resulted in high pollutants removal efficiencies recording 99.31% of phosphate () removal efficiency and 99.44% of Direct Orange 46 (DO 46) dye removal efficiency at optimal conditions. The best conditions for phosphate adsorption were pH = 6.0, 2.0 g/L of tomato stems concentration, 50 mg/L initial phosphate concentration and a contact time of 120 min resulting in an adsorption capacity of 4.24 mg/g. The best conditions for DO 46 adsorption were pH = 12, 2.0 g/L of adsorbent concentration, initial dye of 200 mg/L concentration and a contact time of 120 min (q = 13.76 mg/g). For both adsorption experiments, the adsorbent size was chosen to be less than 500 μm. As a result of the adsorption experiments on tomato stem ash, Freundlich isotherm (R2: 0.94) was suitable for DO 46 dye adsorption and Temkin isotherm (R2: 0.99) was suitable for elimination. The phosphate (R2: 0.97) and dye (R2: 1) adsorption onto tomato stem ash was explained using a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. It has been determined that the adsorption of the DO 46 dye with the tomato stem ash is an exothermic (∆H: −3.174) process that occurs naturally due to its nature (∆G: −8.41). On the other hand, it was determined that the adsorption of was spontaneous (∆G: −5.21) and endothermic (∆H: 5.7357). According to the adsorption results obtained in this study, it is appropriate to use the tomato stem, which is generated as waste, as an adsorbent. It is thought that obtaining from bio‐based waste in the removal of pollutants such as dye and phosphate in water will both reduce the cost and create an advantage in terms of biodegradability.
Effects of under‐clothing airflow on thermal protective performance and thermal aging behaviors of flame‐retardant fabric
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Tian Miao , Huang Wanrong , Su Yun , Li Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effects of under‐clothing airflows on the thermal protection performance (TPP) and thermal aging of flame‐retardant fabrics, we constructed an under‐clothing air‐gap ventilation device based on the TPP tester. This device can generate different levels of airflow velocities such as 0.17, 1.0, and 2.0 m/s. The flame‐retardant fabrics were exposed to a heat flux of 30 kW/m2 to simulate an indoor fire scene. The impacts of under‐clothing airflows on the heat transfer behaviors of fabrics were analyzed with the temperature rise measured by thermocouples. The thermal aging behavior of the fabric was investigated based on the outer‐shell morphology, mass loss, and residual tensile strength. The results of this study indicated that the under‐clothing airflow enhanced the TPP of flame‐retardant fabric and the best TPP was achieved under the airflow of 1.0 m/s. Under‐clothing airflow increased the post‐thermal‐exposure mass loss of the fabric but did not further decrease the tensile strength. Higher severity thermal aging occurred for 2.0 m/s airflow than for 1.0 m/s airflow. The findings of this study are important for TPP prediction for firefighters' clothing and will help optimize firefighters' clothing design.
Impact of various extraction methods on fatty acid profile, physicochemical properties, and nutritional quality index of Pangus fish oil
Authors: Rahman Nahidur , Hashem Shaharior , Akther Shireen , Jothi Jakia Sultana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMarine fish are high in essential omega‐3 fatty acids, which are important for human health. This study evaluated the effects of four extraction methods (soxhlet extraction, SE; wet rendering, WR; acid silage, AS; microwave‐assisted extraction, MAE) on the oil yield, physicochemical properties, fatty acid profile, and nutritional quality index (NQI) of pangus fish oil. The oil yield ranged from 13.50% to 21.80%, with MAE having the highest yield. Furthermore, MAE oil has the lowest free fatty acid (0.70%), peroxides (2.08 Meq/kg), and saponification (287.27 mg/g KOH) value. There were no significant differences (p > .05) in the refractive index and melting point of oils among extraction techniques. A total of 25 fatty acids were identified. However, the maximum PUFA, MUFA, and SFA recovery was observed in the SE (19.15 mg/100 g), MAE (7.99 mg/100 g), and AS (17.33 mg/100 g), respectively. In terms of NQI, SE had higher PUFA/SFA, HH, and LA/ALA ratios, while AS had higher EPA + DHA, n‐3/n‐6, AI, TI, and FLQ indices. Furthermore, the MAE approach yielded better ratios of n‐3/n‐6 and HPI index, whereas the WR method yielded a higher AI index. Therefore, MAE would be the most efficient method for extracting pangus fish oil by considering both technical feasibility and quality indices including extraction yield, best physical properties, oxidative stability, and fatty acid contents.