bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of dynamic shock load on the adhesion strength of fiber reinforced composite plates
Authors: Ganapathy Sakthi Balan , Aravind Raj S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In order to optimize the best possible combination, three input variants that influence adhesion properties were chosen for this investigation. The adhesives, fillers used to blend with the adhesives, and surface treatments were selected for this objective. This study has selected these input variants to compare the adhesion property between a thermoset composite and thermoplastic composite plate. The adhesion joint zone was subjected to dynamic impact shock loading, and the adhesion strength was analyzed both before and after the shock exposure. In order to determine the extents of the adhesion strength reduction subsequent to dynamic loading, the specimens’ were evaluated both prior to and subsequent to shock loading. Three distinct thermoset adhesives, including vinyl ester, epoxy, and polyester, are blended with ceramic particles, including silicon and hafnium carbide, are used to bond the composites. In a 1:50 ratio, the additives were incorporated into the adhesives. To assess shock pressure-induced damage, the specimens were characterized after experimentation. The shock exposure appears to have degraded the material extruded specimen’s surface, leaving the interface unmodified. The responses were found to be contingent upon the type of filler used during adhesive blending and the surface treatment. After 50 shocks, composite plates’ adhesion property decreased slightly but after 100 shocks, it decreased significantly. The study found that the composite plate adhesion dropped by 4.97% after 50 shocks. After 100 shocks, adhesion strength dropped 25.46%.
As Time Goes By
Authors: Scheffler Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 argued that future bias is a special case of a more general phenomenon, namely, that certain of our attitudes change with the passage of time in ways that seem puzzling and sometimes disturbing. This chapter addresses that more general phenomenon. It focuses primarily on the example of grief: over time, grief fades, and this strikes us as appropriate, even though our original reasons for grief seem to persist. Several responses to this puzzle of grief are considered. Possible analogies between grief and other emotions, such as anger and love, are discussed. The chapter ends by comparing grief to future bias, and comparing the canvassed responses to the puzzle of grief with analogous responses to future bias.
The Historicist Sensibility
Authors: Scheffler Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter argues that we possess a historicist sensibility, a sense of being located in an ongoing history that extends beyond the boundaries of our own lifetime. In support of this claim, the chapter argues that our reaction to the prospect of human extinction gives evidence of a direct, affective investment in the future of humanity—a love of humanity, and in particular a love of humanity as a form of life. The chapter considers a skeptical response, according to which what we love is not humanity as such but more particularistic communities and ways of life. It observes, however, that this skeptical response does not deny but actually insists upon our having a historicist sensibility. The chapter further maintains that if we do possess a historicist sensibility, then much contemporary philosophical work on “population ethics” neglects or distorts important features of our attitudes toward our successors.
Attachment, Partiality, and Deference
Authors: Scheffler Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers what is involved in valuing attachments of different types. It first offers a characterization of what it is to value a personal relationship. Valuing is understood as a syndrome of attitudes and dispositions, including certain characteristic beliefs, a certain kind of emotional vulnerability, and a certain practical orientation. In valuing a relationship, one is attached both to the person with whom one has the relationship and to the relationship itself. The chapter then turns from valuing a personal relationship to valuing one’s membership in a group. In both cases it is argued that valuing gives rise to partiality, but that partiality should not be understood in purely distributive terms; it also involves deference to others. The chapter ends by considering what is involved in valuing a personal project, and by comparing and contrasting this case with those of relationships and group membership.
Niche comparisons reveal significant divergence despite narrow endemism in Leavenworthia, a genus of rare plants
Authors: Simpson Kyle M , Spalink Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Quantifying niche similarity among closely related species offers myriad insights into evolutionary history and ecology. In this study, our aim was to explore the interplay of geographical and niche space for rare, endemic plant species and to determine whether endemic habitats were environmentally similar or unique.

Methods
We characterized the niche of all Leavenworthia species, a genus of rare plants endemic to rocky glades in the eastern USA, using WorldClim data, surface geology, elevation and slope. We calculated the area of range overlap and estimated niche similarity between pairs of species in their total occupied niche space and the subset of niche space shared by both species. We used linear discriminant analyses to determine which niche dimensions differed the most between species. We used niche dimensions with consistently high discriminatory power to perform a random forest classification analysis and principal component analysis. Using a linear model, we related geographical distance to distance in niche space.

Key Results
Most species comparisons concluded that species niches had diverged, with niche similarity increasing linearly with range overlap. Temperature variation, precipitation amount and seasonality, and surface geology were the most divergent niche dimensions among all species comparisons. Geographical distance explained 42 % of the variation in niche space distance. Sites that were closer in niche space than expected were oriented east–west owing to the strong correlation between latitude and scores on the first principal component.

Conclusions
Despite being endemic seemingly to very similar habitat, niche similarity is low among Leavenworthia species. Low niche similarity, combined with low geographical overlap, suggests that this lineage of rare plants potentially diversified in isolation but across a very small geographical area. The correlation between geographical space and niche space has received considerable attention, but our results suggest that geographical distance is a weak predictor of distance in niche space.
Advances in systematics of Mimosa (Fabaceae): phylogeny and biogeography of the Petiolovariabilis clade
Authors: Sá Barreto Jordão Lucas , Pires Morim Marli , Fragomeni Simon Marcelo , A. Baumgratz José Fernando 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study analyses the phylogeny of the clade Petiolovariabilis, proposed herein, within the genus Mimosa. This clade comprises 26 species (31 taxa), predominantly cespitose, decumbent and procumbent herbs or subshrubs, but also includes climbing armed and erect shrubs. These species are primarily distributed in the Brazilian highlands and the basins of São Francisco, Paraná, and Tocantins rivers. Phylogenetic analyses were based on six loci (both plastidial and nuclear), focusing on taxa from M. sect. Batocaulon ser. Campicolae, Echinocaulae, Filipedes, and Paucifoliatae. Within the Petiolovariabilis clade, relationships were resolved, and three child clades were described following PhyloCode guidelines. This research emphasizes informative traits such as seed pleurogram and flower merosity, alongside other important vegetative characters in a taxonomic context, such as prickles, petiole morphology, and leaf pinnae/leaflet numbers. Ancestral area reconstructions for major lineages integrating phylogenetic and curated geographic data, shed light on dispersal and speciation events within the Petiolovariabilis clade. The study also addresses taxonomic challenges related to distinguishing taxa within the current infrageneric classification of Mimosa. Overall, this research enhances our understanding on the evolutionary history of Mimosa and provides valuable insights for future studies.
Investigating T-cell-derived extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of disease activity, axonal injury, and disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zagrodnik Jennifer L , Blandford Stephanie N , Fudge Neva J , Arsenault Shane T , Anthony Sarah , McGrath Lillian , Clift Fraser , Stefanelli Mark , Moore Craig S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, whereby clinical disease activity is primarily monitored by magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods
Given the limitations associated with implementing and acquiring novel and emerging imaging biomarkers in routine clinical practice, the discovery of biofluid biomarkers may offer a more simple and cost-effective measure that would improve accessibility, standardization, and patient care. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles secreted from cells under both homeostatic and pathological states, and have been recently investigated as biomarkers in MS. The objectives of this study were to longitudinally measure levels of specific immune cell-derived EVs in MS and provide evidence that EV sub-populations may serve as biomarkers of disease activity, axonal injury, and/or clinical disability.

Results
Our results demonstrate that the rate of clinical disability in MS negatively correlates with changes in circulating CD3+ EVs within the plasma. Additionally, numbers of CD4+ EVs decrease in individuals with increasing pNfL levels overtime whereby the magnitude of the pNfL increase negatively correlates with changes in plasma CD4+ and CD8+ EVs. Finally, when applying NEDA-3 criteria to define active versus stable disease, individuals with active disease had significantly elevated CD4+ and CD8+ EVs compared to stable disease.

Conclusion
In summary, the analysis of specific immune cell-derived EV subsets may provide a method to monitor disability accumulation, disease activity, and axonal injury in MS, while also providing insights into the pathophysiology and cellular/molecular mechanisms that influence progression.
Structural comparisons of human and mouse fungiform taste buds
Authors: High Brigit , Finger Thomas E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Taste buds are commonly studied in rodent models, but some differences exist between mice and humans in terms of gustatory mechanisms and sensitivities. Whether these functional differences are reflected in structural differences between species is unclear. Using immunofluorescent image stacks, we compared the morphological and molecular characteristics of mouse and human fungiform taste buds. The results suggest that while the general features of fungiform taste buds are similar between mice and humans, several characteristics differ significantly. Human taste buds are larger and taller than those of mice, yet they contain similar numbers of taste cells. Taste buds in humans are more heavily innervated by gustatory nerve fibers expressing the purinergic receptor P2X3 showing a 40% higher innervation density than in mice. Like type II cells of mice, a subset (about 30%) of cells in human taste buds is immunoreactive for phospholipase C beta (PLCβ2). These PLCβ2-immunoreactive cells display calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1)-immunoreactive puncta closely opposed to gustatory nerve fibers suggestive of channel-type synapses in type II cells in mice. These puncta, used as a measure of synaptic contact, are significantly larger in humans compared to mice suggesting a higher efflux of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) neurotransmitter in humans. Altogether these findings suggest that while many similarities exist in the organization of murine and human fungiform taste buds, significant differences do exist in taste bud size, innervation density, and size of synaptic contacts that may impact gustatory signal transmission.
Cardiac contractility modulation as bailout in a patient with phospholamban p.Arg14del related cardiomyopathy intolerant to medication: a case report
Authors: Verelst Faro R , Van Assche Lauranne , Huybrechts Wim , Gevaert Andreas B , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a novel device-based therapeutic option in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who are not eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy. Cardiac contractility modulation enhances cardiac contractility by delivering high-voltage non-excitatory electrical impulses during the absolute refractory period. Cardiac contractility modulation is known to improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), quality of life, and exercise capacity in heart failure (HF) patients.

Case summary
We present a case of a 77-years-old woman with a cardiomyopathy associated with a pathogenic PLN variant [p.(Arg14del), Dutch founder mutation]. Due to progressive deterioration of LVEF (25%) despite maximally tolerated guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), a CCM device was implanted. After implantation, the patient experienced a sharp thoracic and interscapular pain after stimulation of one of the two leads. This lead was turned-off and the output on the other lead was increased to maximal output of 7,5 V. After 3 months, there were less signs and symptoms of HF. New York Heart Association class improved from class III to II and the patient was free of thoracic pain. Echocardiography demonstrated further improvement of LVEF to 44% and a decrease in end-diastolic pressures.

Discussion
We describe a case of CCM therapy in a patient with HF related to a genetic cardiomyopathy due to a pathogenic variant in phospholamban (PLN), persistent symptoms despite maximally tolerated GDMT. Although it was necessary to deactivate one of the both leads due to thoracic pain, LVEF and HF symptoms significantly improved. Further research is needed to elaborate on the potential role of CCM therapy in genetic cardiomyopathies.
Cholinesterase inhibitors and reduced risk of hospitalization and mortality in patients with Alzheimer's dementia and heart failure
Authors: Reimers-Wessberg Marianne , Xu Hong , Fastbom Johan , Seiger Åke , Eriksdotter Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have beneficial effects on the heart. Associations between ChEI-use and reduced mortality and cardiovascular events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been shown. Whether these associations exist in those with both heart failure (HF) and AD is unknown.

Methods and results
A propensity score (PS) matched cohort with patients with HF and AD was obtained through linking registers for cognitive/dementia disorders, comorbidities, drug prescription, and death, in Sweden, to analyse associations between ChEI-use and risk of mortality or hospitalization for HF, stroke, or myocardial infarction, were examined. In 455 patients with and 455 without ChEI treatment, ChEI use was associated with reductions of mortality and hospitalization due to HF by 21% [0.79; (confidence interval) CI 0.66–0.96] and 47% (0.53; CI 0.38–0.75), respectively. Donepezil and galantamine but not rivastigmine were associated with a lower risk of death compared with non-users. Donepezil was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization due to HF compared with non-users. There was no significant difference in hospitalization for bradycardia, AV block, or implantation of pacemaker between ChEI use and non-use.

Conclusion
This study suggests that in persons with HF and AD, treatment with ChEIs is associated with improved survival and a decreased risk of hospital care for HF, but results due to the type of ChEI vary.
Comparison of mitral valve repair vs. replacement for mitral valve regurgitation
Authors: Dębski Maciej , Qadri Syed , Bhalraam U , Dębska Karolina , Vassiliou Vassilios , Zacharias Joseph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a prevalent valvular abnormality categorized as primary or secondary based on aetiology. Surgical intervention, particularly mitral valve repair, is often preferred over replacement due to its association with better outcomes. However, the benefits of repair vs. replacement, especially in secondary MR, remain debated.

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the long-term survival and reoperation rates in patients undergoing mitral valve repair compared to mitral valve replacement for MR in a cardiothoracic surgery unit in North-West England and in subgroups with degenerative and secondary aetiology.

Methods and results
We analysed 1724 eligible patients undergoing first-time mitral valve surgery (repair: n = 1243; replacement: n = 481) between 2000 and 2021. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Genetic matching and overlap weighting were used to balance baseline characteristics. Median follow-up was 7.1 years. In the matched cohort, mitral valve replacement was associated with higher rates of blood transfusion (29% vs. 22%), longer Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stays, and more strokes (3.7% vs. 0.4%). While 90-day mortality did not differ significantly between groups, long-term follow-up showed a survival advantage for repair [Hazard ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.63]. Although repair had higher reoperation rates (4.3% vs. 2.1%), the composite of death or reoperation did not differ significantly. In the degenerative MR subgroup, repair showed superior long-term survival, whereas in secondary MR, no significant survival difference was observed between strategies.

Conclusion
Among patients suitable for either surgical strategy, mitral valve repair showed better long-term survival compared to replacement, particularly in degenerative MR. However, this advantage was not observed in secondary MR.
Global burden of heart failure and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021
Authors: Chen Qin-Fen , Chen Lifen , Katsouras Christos S , Liu Chenyang , Shi Jingjing , Liang Dongjie , Xiang Guangze , Zhu Han , Liao Hetong , Lin Weihong , Zhou Xi , Zhou Xiao-Dong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and aims
Heart failure (HF) presents a significant global health challenge due to its rising prevalence and impact on disability. This study aims to comprehensively analyse the global burden of HF and its underlying causes.

Methods and results
Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analysed the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) of HF, examining its implications across diverse demographics and geographic regions. In 2021, approximately 55.5 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 49.0–63.8] people worldwide were affected by HF, a significant increase from 25.4 million (95% UI 22.3–29.2) in 1990. The age-standardized prevalence rate per 100 000 people was 676.7 (95% UI 598.7–776.8) overall, with males experiencing a higher rate at 760.8 (95% UI 673.2–874.7) compared to females at 604.0 (95% UI 535.0–692.3). The age-standardized prevalence YLD rates increased by 5.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7–8.5] and 5.9% (95% CI 2.9–9.0) during this period. Ischaemic heart disease emerged as the primary cause of HF, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 228.3 (95% UI 118.2–279.6), followed by hypertensive heart disease at 148.3 (95% UI 117.3–186.3), and cardiomyopathy/myocarditis at 62.0 (95% UI 51.2–73.2). Noteworthy, countries in the high socio-demographic index (SDI) quintile exhibited higher HF prevalence rates but maintained stable trends. In contrast, countries in lower SDI quintiles, while initially experiencing lower prevalence rates, showed increased age-standardized HF prevalence and YLD rates over the same period.

Conclusion
HF emerges as a significant and growing public health challenge globally, influenced by distinct socioeconomic gradients.
Regulating community well-being through traditional mourning rituals: Insights from the Luhya People of Kenya
Authors: Asatsa Stephen , Lew-Levy Sheina , Ngaari Mbugua Stephen , Ntaragwe Maria , Shanyisa Wilkister , Gichimu Elizabeth , Nambiri Jane , Omuchesi Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and objectives
Rituals have been reported to serve as a vital mechanism for expressing grief and fostering communal support worldwide. Despite these benefits, use of rituals in Indigenous communities is threatened by missionization, globalization, and westernization. This study sought to examine the relevance of traditional mourning rituals in community morality and well-being. Anchored in cultural evolutionary theory, the study employed an ethnographic research design.

Methodology
Data were collected from 45 community elders, 30 bereaved adults, 30 bereaved adolescents, and 8 religious leaders through focus group discussions and interviews.

Results
The study established five mourning rituals practiced by the Luhya people, each potentially serving an evolutionary function for community survival and well-being. Our findings show that Luhya traditional mourning rituals play an important role in community well-being, though not all members may benefit equally from these effects.

Conclusions and implications
The study established conflict over rituals with differing viewpoints from religious leaders, cultural leaders, and the western biomedical approach to mental well-being. Yet, the bereaved reported that both Luhya and religious rituals helped them process their grief. To address mental health issues fully, it is important to establish collaboration between western models, religious approaches, and cultural approaches.
Application and challenges of big data analytics in low-carbon indoor space design
Authors: Zeng Henan , Arif Mohd Fuad Md 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The techniques of big data analysis hold immense potential in optimizing indoor energy consumption and enhancing comfort levels. This paper proposes a predictive method for effectively forecasting energy usage in libraries through a multi-step ahead time series-based long short-term memory-backpropagation model, integrated with building energy consumption sub-metering analysis technology. Experimental results indicate that the proposed multi-input multi-output model significantly outperforms traditional recursive and direct models in terms of predictive performance, adeptly capturing the intricate characteristics and temporal dependencies of energy consumption data, thereby offering a novel technological pathway and practical implications for building energy management.
Low-carbon power demand forecasting models for the performance optimization of new energy robotics systems
Authors: Zhang HuiMing , Zhang CuiFang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To improve the performance of new energy-powered robots, a method for optimizing the performance of new energy-powered robots has been proposed, based on a low-carbon power demand forecasting model. The approach advocated leveraging low-carbon power demand to optimize power system design and control strategies. Then, a model for forecasting robotic power demands was established, alongside the refinement of the power system evaluation mechanism. Results indicated a significant correlation between operational parameters linked to low-carbon power demand and system performance. The precision of our model was notably high, enabling the provision of specific performance optimization strategies tailored to diverse low-carbon contexts.