bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Change Following Diagnosis With Psychosis: A 25 Year Perspective in Greater Manchester, UK
Authors: Heald Adrian , Hassan Lamiece , Firth Joseph , Livingston Mark , Gibson Martin , Daly Christopher 
Published: July 2023

AimsWeight gain in the months/years after diagnosis/treatment severe enduring mental illness (SMI) is a major predictor of future diabetes, dysmetabolic profile and increased cardiometabolic risk in people treated with antipsychotic agents. There is limited data on the longer term profile of weight change in people with a history of SMI and how this may differ between individuals. We here report a 25-year perspective on weight change post-SMI diagnosis in Greater Manchester UK, an ethnically and culturally diverse community, with particular focus on a history of psychosis vs bipolar affective disorder.MethodsWe undertook an anonymised search in the Greater Manchester Care Record (GMCR). We reviewed the health records of anyone who had been diagnosed for the first time with first episode psychosis, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder (non-affective psychosis = NAP) also bipolar disorder = BPD). We analysed body mass index (BMI) change in the period before and after first prescription of anti-psychotic medication.ResultsWe identified 9125 people with the diagnoses above. NAP (n = 5618; 37.5% female) mean age 49.3 years; BPD (n = 4131; 63.3% female) mean age 48.1 years. Follow-up period was up to 25 years. 27.0% of NAP were of non-white ethnicity vs 17.8% of BAP individuals.A higher proportion of people diagnosed with NAP were in the highest quintile of social disadvantage 52.4% vs 39.5% for BPD. There were no significant differences in baseline BMI profile but mean HbA1c in those 2103 people where available was higher in NAP at baseline at 40.4mmol/mol vs 36.7mmol/mol for BPD.At 5-year follow-up 53.6% of those NAP with a normal healthy BMI transitioned to obese / overweight BMI vs 55.6% with BPD. 43.7% of those NAP with normal BMI remained at a healthy BMI vs 42.7 % with BPD. At 5-year FU for NAP, 83.1% of those with BMI ≥30kg/m2 stayed in this category vs 81.5% of BPD.At 5-year follow-up there was similarity in the overall % NAP in the obese ≥30kg/m2 category (42.4%) vs BPD (44.1%).ConclusionThe results of this 25-year real world longitudinal cohort study suggest that the changes in BMI with treatment of non-affective psychosis vs bipolar disorder are not significantly different, highlighting the importance of regular physical health monitoring in all people with SMI.Using longitudinal population data in this way has the potential to open up new avenues of research in psychiatry in terms of physical and mental health outcomes.
How Do Patients, Carers and Mental Health Nurses Experience Their Contact With the Forensic Multidisciplinary Team in a Medium-Secure Unit? a Thematic Analysis
Authors: Jack Alexander , Parkinson Eleanor , Malik Talhah , Hemblade Stephen , Hynes Fiona 
Published: July 2023

AimsClinical teams oversee the care of patients within secure psychiatric inpatient settings. They are made up of a number of professions, including psychiatrists, psychologists, occupational therapists, social workers and nurses. The effective collaboration of the different members of the clinical team is vital for its functioning. However, so is the team's interface with other key stakeholder groups, namely nursing teams, service users and carers. Understanding the needs and priorities of these groups regarding their relationships with the clinical team is also important to recognise and in the provision of good quality care. To understand the experiences, priorities and needs of stakeholder groups in their relationship with the clinical team. Gaining feedback from multiple sources (service users, carers, nurses) will help facilitate functioning of the clinical team in the delivery of excellent care to service users.MethodsEthical approval was granted by the host NHS trust. Between October 2019 and October 2021, three focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured interview to gather responses from carers, nurses and service users (6 participants in each group) respectively. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to code each transcript and themes were drawn from the coded data.ResultsDominant themes emerged from the three data sets. Consistent themes between groups included communication, hierarchy/power and representation. There were also differences in themes identified, with the carer group bringing the theme of education/ knowledge, and nursing group raising the value of human relationships, including compassion. The theme of transparency emerged strongly for the service user group.ConclusionThis study offers an interesting perspective on what distinct stakeholder groups want and value in their relationship with the clinical team. Gaining feedback from multiple sources (service users, carers, nurses and members of the MDT) can better inform a team about its functioning and help improve performance. Developing a tool to aid the systematic collection of multi-source feedback is the next step of this project, facilitating the voices of key stakeholder groups to be heard.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Resilience on Adolescents’ Mental Health in Sudan 2022
Authors: Ibrahim Danya , Abdelgafour Rania 
Published: July 2023

AimsThe study aimed to determine the level of Emotional intelligence and resilience in relation to the mental health of adolescents in Khartoum locality, Khartoum state, Sudan 2022.MethodsThis study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 392 high school students participated from four different high schools chosen using the multistage cluster sampling. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was filled by the students including both Arabic and English versions consisted of the 30-item trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- short form (TEQ-SF) for emotional intelligence measurement, Brief Resilience Scale-6 (BRS-6) as a brief measure for resilience, and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) for anxiety and depression screening as a measure for mental health. Data were analysed using SPSS 25, Pearson correlation test, and linear regression analysis were used to measure the associations between the variables.ResultsIn a sample of 392 Sudanese high school students, the emotional intelligence score was high (mean 131.53 ± 22.16). While Psychological resilience was normal (mean 3.20 ± 0.51). Students had mild to moderate degrees of anxiety, and depression at 89%, and 78% respectively. There was a strong positive association between emotional intelligence and psychological resilience (r = .272, p < .0005). Emotional intelligence had no direct significant relationship with anxiety and depression. Resilience was positively correlated with anxiety scores to a small extent (r= .105) i.e., the more resilient an adolescent is, the more anxious he/she is. There was no association between resilience and depression. Anxiety had a strong positive correlation with depression (r = .540) and a significant negative association with academic performance (r = -.102) indicating students’ suffering from anxiety had poorer academic scoring.A significant unique contributor to the prediction of the resilience levels was the parents’ status, p value = 0.011 with an unstandardized beta coefficient of .368 i.e., if the parents were separated, a student has higher resilience and vice versa.ConclusionIt is crucial to investigate the causes of the reported levels of anxiety and depression in secondary school students. Rapid detection will potentiate the possibility to provide suitable care, prevention from psychiatric morbidities and improvement of students’ academic performance by means of comprehensive psychological programs for screening, educating and training students including emotional intelligence training boosting their happiness, mental stamina and success.
Qualitative Study of the Impact of Relationships With Other Patients During Inpatient Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Jackson Elizabeth , Bould Helen 
Published: July 2023

AimsWe aimed to interview people who had received inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa, to explore their perspectives on the impact their interactions with other patients during their admission had on their recovery, including short term and longer term effects.MethodsWe recruited people who had experienced inpatient admission for treatment of anorexia nervosa, and who had been recovered from anorexia nervosa for at least 12 months. We conducted semi-structured, one-to-one interviews, with nine individuals specifically exploring the helpful and unhelpful aspects of peer relationships during inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsWe interviewed nine individuals. Five themes were indentified: comparison and justification, learnt unhelpful behaviours, dealing with distress, new-found compassion, and role-modelling. All participants expressed conflicting feelings about their relationships with peers, but generally described more resilience in resisting negative effects as they got closer to recovery. Positive effects, such a new-found compassion, appeared to hold significance long term in participants’ ‘recovered’ lives.ConclusionThe detailed exploration of themes in this study provides a deeper understanding of the complex nature of peer relationships amongst people experiencing inpatient treatment for anorexia nervosa. This could aid clinical decision making when choosing appropriate treatment settings for individual patients as well as informing clinical practice in inpatient units.
The Effects of Trait Extraversion on University Student Mental Health and Well-being During Lockdown: A Systematic Review
Authors: James Oliver , Hassoulas Athanasios , Umla-Runge Katja 
Published: July 2023

AimsPersonality traits such as extraversion and neuroticism are associated with mental health and well-being with trait extraversion positively associated with resilience, and negatively associated with a plethora of mental disorders including depression. Resilience was likely a useful trait during the COVID-19 pandemic which studies have shown negatively impacted the mental health of several different population groups, particularly university students. Mental health may also have been impacted differentially based on trait extraversion, with some evidence finding the mental health of extraverts was negatively impacted by lockdown. This review aimed to investigate whether trait extraversion was protective to university student mental health and well-being, operationalised by different symptom domains including stress and anxiety, during lockdown. We hypothesised that due to an extravert's proclivity to seek out and enjoy social interaction and the restriction of these very activities during lockdown, trait extraversion would no longer have a protective effect on mental health and well-being.MethodsSix databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Cardiff University Full Text Journals) were consulted, and forty-five studies identified. Briefly, the eligibility criteria were studies of university students that had trait extraversion measured using either the Big Five or Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire in addition to a measure of mental health or well-being. Furthermore, at least 50% of the study must have been conducted under lockdown conditions with cross-sectional and longitudinal studies eligible for inclusion. After data screening, three longitudinal and seven cross-sectional studies were identified as eligible for inclusion. Following data extraction, a qualitative narrative synthesis was applied to the extracted data.ResultsSignificant results were found for positive affect, negative affect, life satisfaction, quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction, anxiety and depression which suggested extraversion was protective. Non-significant results were also found for anxiety, depression, mental health, global quality of life, perceived stress, COVID-19 student stress and coronavirus anxiety.ConclusionThe hypothesis that extraversion would be protective for mental health and well-being was accepted unanimously for life satisfaction and tentatively for anxiety. Furthermore, the hypothesis was rejected for depression and stress whose relationship with trait extraversion differed from pre-pandemic findings. The review recommended that extraverted university students should be mindful of the increased risk of depression and stress during lockdown. Additionally, further research should be carried out on extraversion's relationship with stress, an important factor in mental health, and also look at interactions of trait extraversion with other personality traits such as neuroticism.
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for School Aged Children With ADHD
Authors: Journeaux Aoife 
Published: July 2023

AimsThe aim of this poster is to illustrate a systematic review exploring Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for School Aged Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). CBT is a common behavioural intervention in several child and adolescent psychopathologies as reported by Ramsay (2010); Solanto et al. (2010); Ramsay (2012); and Lopez et al. (2018). It is recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention alongside parent training, in school-aged children with a moderate severity of ADHD symptoms (National Institute for Health Care and Excellence [NICE] 2018b). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of CBT as an intervention for ADHD in school-aged children. The research objective was to assess the effects of CBT in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD.MethodsA search strategy was developed and a search of four databases initially yielded 1100 results. The search was then limited to randomised controlled trials (RCT) which evaluated the efficacy of CBT compared with treatment as usual, no treatment, and waitlist, in school-aged children. Inclusion criteria included participants who were diagnosed by a medical professional, and participants under the age of 18 in full-time, mainstream education. Those with co-morbid autism or tic disorder and those with an intellectual disability were excluded.ResultsSix RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The age range of participants was 8–18 years. The medication status of participants varied across the included studies. A narrative synthesis of the results included assessment of methodological quality and risk of bias. Jadad scores were used alongside the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2) for RCTs, to assess the quality of evidence. The studies all included different modalities of CBT intervention and a variety of measurement tools.ConclusionThe findings support the use of CBT as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce the severity of ADHD symptoms in adolescents. However, as there were no available studies that included children aged under 8 years, the findings cannot support the use of CBT in the reduction of severity of ADHD symptoms in this group. Methodological issues within the study designs mean the findings need to be treated with caution. Future research is warranted that includes larger sample sizes and younger children with longer follow-up periods. Different modalities of CBT should be explored with and without pharmacological interventions. There is also a case for exploring modalities of CBT that are suitable for targeting in the younger age range of children.
Findings of Recruitment and Retention Survey – Consultants’ Perspective
Authors: Mahmood Sajid , Kunigiri Girish 
Published: July 2023

AimsRecruitment and retention of medical staff is a national issue. Low level of staff means challenges in provision of adequate and efficient patientcare. There is a lack of flexibility for clinicians to get time for Supported Programmed Activity (SPA). Burn out of existing clinicians and loosing good will is common which increases patients’ complaint and potential risk of near misses and serious incidents. Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust (LPT) has significant challenge like many other neighbouring Trusts in term of recruitment and retention of consultant psychiatrists. The aim of this research was to find out proportion of consultant psychiatrists satisfied with current job and to explore their views on current difficulties and ways to support and retain them within their current Trust.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional survey. The target population was consultant psychiatrists working in LPT. An online questionnaire was developed for data collection. Data were gathered through open (free text) and close (options provided) questions. Information was collected regarding job satisfaction, positive and negative of job, difficulties and challenges in current role, willingness to continue work within Trust and if they would recommend friends or colleagues to join LPT. Results are reported in percentages for descriptive statistics.ResultsAbout 34% of the responders (n = 38) were satisfied with their current job, whereas about 45% reported unsatisfied or very unsatisfied. Regarding quality of admin support, nearly 40% were unsatisfied. Similarly, about 1/3 of the responders reported un-satisfaction with available office and clinic space for clinical and admin activities. Nearly 2/3 reported not getting adequate time for SPA activities, instead 37.5% reported 5 or more hours per week spending over their contracted hours. Over 97% said, their job can be more rewarding by acknowledging their contribution, involving them in Trust activities, provision of adequate clinic space, reducing case load with enhance recruitment. Surprisingly 71.1% reported thought of leaving LPT in the last six months and only 28.9% clearly stated, they would stay within Trust and also recommend a friend or a colleague to join.ConclusionMajority of the consultant psychiatrists were unsatisfied with their current job and reported thought of leaving Trust in the last six months. There is an urgent need to address the highlighted challenges and early discussion with them in term of what local Trust can offer and support them to ensure their retention and enhance recruitment while they are being advocate for the LPT.
Correlates of Sexual Harassment Among Staff and Students in First Generation South West Nigerian Universities
Authors: Mapayi Boladale , Oginni Olakunle , Ukpong Morenike , Harrison Abigail 
Published: July 2023

AimsSexual harassment (SH) is a widespread and recurring problem in educational settings. SH is not easy to define, partly because it does not involve a homogenous set of behaviours. There are gender variations in the experience and perception of SH. Risk factors for SH include female gender and gender inequality, same-sex attraction, poverty, poorly trained, underpaid, and understaffed educators. The study aimed to determine the prevalence rates and correlates of heterosexual and same-sex SH and to explore the social and mental health sequelae of SH among students and staff of first-generation universities in South-west Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was done in three first-generation universities in southwest Nigeria. A sample size of 550 participants per institution was estimated with a margin of error of 2.5%, a 95% confidence level. This gave a total sample size of 1650 respondents participants for the study. In each university, Students and staff were categorized by faculties into 3 clusters: science, social science, and arts. A proportionate sampling technique was used. Participants were assessed for SH, age, sexual orientation, gender, motivation for dressing, depressive symptoms, and suicidality. Associations were tested using Pearson correlations.ResultsSH was higher with age, among females, among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB), participants with sexual motivation for dressing, high sexual desire, high suicidality, and low perception of campus safety. In terms of gender differences, correlation with age was slightly higher in females while correlations with lesbian/gay status was higher in males. In terms of sexual orientation, correlation with age was largest in LGB, association with dressing motivation, sexual desire, and depressive symptoms scores was greatest in heterosexual participants, association with suicidality scores was greatest with lesbian/gay status; and correlation with perception of campus as safe lowest among bisexual participants. Generally, the associations were weakest among staff compared to students.ConclusionThere are certain demographics (heterosexual and bisexual females and gay men) that appear to be more vulnerable to SH in tertiary institutions. The correlates of SH also vary in the different sample groups. These should be considered when programming for prevention and response to SH in Nigerian tertiary institutions.
Association of Various Factors With Deliberate Self-Harm Among Patients of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Mateen Yasir , Zubair Usama Bin , Hussain Hirra , Bokhari Sumira Qambar 
Published: July 2023

AimsDeliberate self-harm is one of the common psychiatric emergencies in medical practice, and bipolar disorder carries one of the highest risks for self-harm among various other psychiatric and physical disorders. The relationship between self-harm and bipolar disorder and its risk factors has not been sufficiently studied in Pakistan and remains an area of investigation elsewhere. The objective of our study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with deliberate self-harm in patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from May 2020 to April 2021. A total of 165 patients living with bipolar disorder, between the ages of 15 and 65 years, were included in our study. The diagnosis was in accordance with the criteria in International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). Deliberate self-harm was defined as a non-fatal act in which an individual deliberately causes self-injury or ingests a substance in excess of any prescribed or generally recognized dosage. This was assessed through history (during last 6 months) and physical examination performed by the psychiatrist.Sociodemographic variables like age, gender, educational status, marital status and employment status, and the clinical variable of treatment compliance, were documented. The data were recorded and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The association of above factors with the presence of self-harm in our study participants was then explored with Pearson Chi-Square test. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsOut of 165 cases included in the study, 62.42% (n = 103) were male and 37.58% (n = 62) were females. The frequency of deliberate self-harm in bipolar disorder was 35.15%. In terms of association, only female gender was found to have a statistically significant relationship (p-value <0.001) with the presence of self-harm in our study.ConclusionWe concluded that deliberate self-harm is a common finding in cases of bipolar disorder in Pakistan. Additionally, vulnerable subgroups, such as female patients in this study, should receive more clinical attention and safeguarding support.