bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine Receptor on Human Basophils: Modulation of Histamine Release
Authors: Marone Gianni , Findlay Steven R. , Lichtenstein Lawrence M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Adenosine, at physiologic concentrations, inhibits in vitro IgE-mediated human basophil histamine release in a dose-dependent fashion. The inhibition dose-response curve is paralleled by an adenosine-induced increase in cAMP levels of human leukocyte preparations. Further evidence that the adenosine effect is related to changes in cAMP levels is that the nucleoside inhibits only in the first stage of antigen-induced histamine release and fails to inhibit the release caused by ionophore A23187. A poorly metabolized derivative of adenosine, 2-chloro-adenosine inhibits as effectively as adenosine; dipyridamole, which blocks adenosine uptake, does not impair the inhibition caused by adenosine. Finally, theophylline, which is a competitive antagonist of adenosine in human lymphocytes also blocks the inhibition of release caused by adenosine. These data suggest that adenosine acts via a specific cell-surface receptor linked to adenylate cyclase. It appears that the human basophil has a specific receptor for adenosine and that this nucleoside may modulate the in vivo release of the mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
Human Blood T Lymphocytes That Suppress the Mixed Leukocyte Culture Reactivity of Lymphocytes from HLA-B14 Bearing Individuals
Authors: Bean Michael A. , Akiyama Mitoshi , Kodera Yoshihisa , Dupont Bo , Hansen John A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A nontransfused male patient with recurrent bladder carcinomata has been demonstrated to have blood T lymphocytes that suppress the MLC responsiveness of lymphocytes only from normal individuals positive for HLA-B14. Unexpectedly, this T-suppressor cell differs from three other reported blood T-suppressor cells arising in man in that it apparently does not require HLA-D locus compatibility between the suppressor cell and the lymphocyte being suppressed.
Delayed Advent of Stringent, Non-H-2 Genetic Regulation of the Antibody Response to a Protein Antigen
Authors: Kipp Dale E. , Furman Abraham , Miller Alexander , Sercarz Eli E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of non-H-2 gene(s) in the control of the antibody response to three lysozymes was investigated. Upon secondary challenge, A/J (H-2a) mice generated at least a 25-fold greater anti-lysozyme plaque-forming cell response than did B10.A (H-2a) mice. Nearly equal, strong peak primary responses, predominantly IgG in nature, were obtained from both A/J and B10.A mice after a single challenge with lysozyme in complete Freund's adjuvant. However, clear differences in responses are seen within 5 days after the peak primary plaque-forming response and by day 28 at the serum antibody level. B10.A mice never equal their primary responses, whereas A/J mice demonstrate positive immune memory. It appears that a non-H-2 gene(s) that regulates the overall antibody level to a protein antigen becomes manifest only after an initial antibody response.
A New Clonogenic Technique for Human Mitogen-Responsive T Cells
Authors: Mercola Karen , Cline Martin J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present investigations were prompted by limitations of previously described assay systems for growing colonies of human T lymphocytes in soft agar. These limitations include low cloning efficiencies of 1 to 20 colonies generated per 1000 lymphocytes cultured, failure of colony formation at low cell concentrations (below 1 × 105 cells/ml), and requirements in some systems for prior incubation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). This report describes an efficient clonogenic assay for mitogen-responsive human peripheral blood mononuclear cells under conditions that minimize the potential for agglutination and direct cell-cell interaction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were plated directly into agarcontaining PHA and autologous erythrocytes and after incubation were fixed and stained in situ. The plating efficiency was 10.3 ± 9.7 (S.D.) colonies/100 peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes and between 10 and 64 colonies/100 mononuclear leukocytes depleted of B cells and monocytes and enriched in T cells. Optimal growth required the presence of autologous erythrocytes. Colony formation was ablated by anti-T cell serum and was resistant to cytotoxic anti-B cell serum; i.e., colonies were not B cells or CFU-C. The clonal nature of colonies generated was indicated by a linear dose-dependent relationship between colonies generated and the dilute cell cultures plated, in the range of 4 × 102 to 5 × 103 cells/ml, by geographical isolation of colonies, and by lack of colony formation with irradiated cells. This method has also been used successfully to clone an established human T cell line.
Role of L-Alanine in the Response of Human Lymphocytes to PHA and Con A
Authors: Rotter Varda , Yakir Yeshayahu , Trainin Nathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The response of umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) to PHA and Con A is strongly dependent upon the presence of dialyzable plasma components. The impaired response of human cells in the presence of dialyzed human plasma was restored by calf thymus extract. In the present experiments we have further purified calf thymus extract by means of paper electrophoresis and chromatography on thin-layer cellulose plates. We reached the conclusion that the active material in this model is a single amino acid, alanine. When the different isomeric forms of alanine were tested, we found that L-alanine is the only biologically active material. In addition, we have observed here that the allogeneic response of UCBL is also dependent upon the presence of dialyzable plasma components. This impaired allogeneic response of UCBL in the presence of DHP was restored by addition of L-alanine. The present findings suggest that, under in vitro conditions, for human cells to respond to mitogenic or allogeneic stimulation L-alanine is essential.
Genetic Control of Sensitivity to Moloney Leukemia Virus in Mice
Authors: Debre Patrice , Gisselbrecht Sylvie , Pozo Françoise , Levy Jean Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The level of viremia and the appearance of leukemias were studied after inoculation with Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV) in different H-2 congenic strains of mice. The viremia was regularly measured on individual mice with a radioimmunoassay of the major internal virion component p30. Three genes within the major histocom-patibility complex controlled the level of circulating virus. Two of them, called Rmv.1 and Rmv.2, appear to be located in the I region, respectively, in the IA, and the IC-S or G regions. The third gene, Rmv.3, was mapped to the D end of the complex in the D or T region. Crosses between resistant and sensitive strains demonstrated that the H-2 associated resistance was inherited as a dominant or semi-dominant Mendelian trait. Rmv.1, Rmv.2, and Rmv.3 were shown to complement for resistance in trans when the hybrids between sensitive strains were examined. A good correlation was found between viremia and the appearance of leukemias, the most viremic strains being also the most leukemic. Nevertheless, additional non-H-2 genes must control viremia and/or the appearance of leukemia since, despite high levels of viremia, some sensitive strains do not become leukemic.
Lepromin-Induced Suppressor Cells in Patients with Leprosy
Authors: Mehra Vijay , Mason Llewellyn H. , Fields James P. , Bloom Barry R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The possibility of an active mechanism of immunologic suppression in leprosy was explored by assessing the in vitro lymphocyte responses of 61 leprosy patients and 30 normal individuals to the mitogen Con A in the presence or absence of Dharmendra lepromin. Lepromin-induced suppression of Con A stimulation was found in 32 of 35 lepromatous patients and 15 of 15 borderline patients, but only 2 of 15 tuberculoid patients and 2 of 30 normal controls. Cell fractionation studies indicated at least two cell populations involved in the in vitro lepromin-induced suppressor activity, adherent cells and Tγ-cells.
Target Cell Heterogeneity in Murine Leukemia Virus Infection
Authors: Isaak Dale D. , Price Joseph A. , Reinisch Carol L. , Cerny Jan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The susceptibility of mouse lymphocytes from various organs to infection by murine leukemia virus (MuLV) (Friend) was studied both in vivo and in vitro by using either Friend virus complex (FV) or lymphatic leukemic virus (LLV), the helper virus isolated from FV. Productively infected cells releasing infectious MuLV were identified as infectious centers (IC) on sarcoma+, leukemia- indicator fibroblasts. IC were detected by days 4 to 6 postinfection in spleen and bone marrow (BM); fewer IC were observed in lymph nodes (LN) and their appearance was delayed until day 8 in FV-infected mice and day 15 in LLV-infected mice. In both groups, the appearance of IC in LN correlated with the onset of splenomegaly (mean = 300 mg) and the development of infection in peripheral blood exceeding 1 × 106 focus-forming units/ml, suggesting that the IC observed in LN were due to dislodged, circulating infected spleen and BM cells rather than due to infection of LN cells. This possibility was tested directly by using a culture system whereby cells from spleen, BM, and LN from normal mice were infected with FV or LLV in vitro. The principal target for MuLV replication in the cultures appeared to be B lymphocytes because 1) stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) greatly enhanced the infection of unseparated BALB/c spleen and bone marrow cells, nylon wool-adherent BALB/c spleen cells, and spleen and BM cells from athymic (nude) mice, 2) pretreatment of spleen cells with a heterologous anti-mouse immunoglobulin antiserum plus complement reduced the infection, and 3) the majority of virus-permissive cells in BALB/c spleens were recovered in the pure population of Ig+ cells from an immunoadsorbent column. However, no IC were detectable in LPS-stimulated LN cells from either BALB/c or nude mice, confirming the fundamental difference in susceptibility to the MuLV component of FV between B cells from spleen, BM, and LN suggested by the in vivo studies.
Natural Killer Cells in Mice Treated with 89Strontium: Normal Target-Binding Cell Numbers but Inability to Kill Even after Interferon Administration
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Ben-Ezra Jonathan , Bennett Michael , Sonnenfeld Gerald 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cell activity against YAC-1 lymphoma cells is greatly reduced in spleens of mice injected previously with the bone-seeking isotope, 89Sr. Spleen cells from 89Sr-treated mice filtered over nylon wool and Sephadex G-10 columns failed to increase the low NK cell activity. Cell mixture experiments failed to show inhibition of NK activity of normal spleen cells by spleen cells from 89Sr-treated mice. 89Sr produced lowering of NK activity in athymic nude mice similar to that seen in control mice. These experiments suggest that the low NK activity in 89Sr-treated mice is not due to the presence of thymus-dependent or independent suppressor cells active at the effector phase of NK cell-mediated killing. The low NK activity of 89Sr-treated mice could not be stimulated by administration of interferon inducers, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and Corynebacterium parvum, or by preparations containing type I or II interferons. The frequency of cells capable of binding to YAC-1 target cells in normal in spleens of 89Sr-treated mice. These data suggest that in 89Sr-treated mice, NK cells exist in a state in which they can bind the target cells but cannot lyse them and are unresponsive to the activating effect of interferons. Transformation of these cells into fully lytic and interferon-responsive cells appears to require an intact bone marrow. Bone marrow cell infusions failed to restore NK activity in irradiated or unirradiated 89Sr-treated mice, but were able to do so in normal lethally irradiated mice. Thus functional NK cells reactive against YAC-1 lymphoma cells are not only marrow derived but also marrow dependent.
Nonallelic Inheritance of VH Region a Group Allotypes: Cell Surface and Serum Studies in Double and Triple Expressing Rabbits
Authors: Wolf Benjamin , Urban Richard , Miller Ann B. , Kimball Edward S. , Mudgett Meredith , Catty David , Daneman Joanna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
VH region latent allotypes have been detected in high concentration in the serum of a number of our rabbits in several litters. In some of these rabbits, the same allotypes were also found on the cell surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) after proteolytic enzyme treatment and allotype regeneration in cell culture. However, although serum from several rabbits in these litters did not contain latent allotypes, nonallelic allotype was synthesized by a large percentage of PBL. Several types of nonMendelian inheritance patters were detectable: 1) Cyclic serum expression of serum a1 allotype was transmitted among members of three pedigreed litters although a2 and a3 were continuously displayed. This is the first report that bursts of synthesis of immunoglobulin markers may be under the control of transmitted genes. 2) A buck, an a1, a2, a3 (triple) expressor in the serum as well as on the cell surface, segregated nonallelic genes coding for a1 or a2 cell surface allotypes. In one sibling, both of these markers were inherited from the buck on the cell membrane, but not in the serum. 3) In another litter, derived from an a2,2 buck mated to an a1,3 doe, one rabbit showed periodic expression of a1 in the serum, but continuous expression of a2 and a3. The rabbit exhibited a1, a2, and a3 at the cell surface continuously. It is possible that several mechanisms are contributing to latent allotype inheritance in these rabbit families.
Polyclonal B lymphocyte activation during Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
Authors: Ortiz-Ortiz L , Parks D E , Rodriguez M , Weigle W O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Infection of A/J mice with Trypanosoma cruzi results in the polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes in vivo as assessed by the spontaneous plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl and to goat, equine, and sheep erythrocytes. The peak response to these antigens is found at 5 to 6 days of infection. Additionally, a polyclonal response to syngeneic erythrocytes can be detected in infected mice by using aged but not fresh indicator cells. Polyclonally stimulated PFC to human gamma-PFC found late in infection during a period of marked splenomegaly and parasitemia. This trypanosoma-induced polyclonal B cell activation may well be responsible for the abnormalities in immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion that have been reported to occur during human infection with T. cruzi.
A new lymphocyte surface protein present in normal urine. I. Isolation and physicochemical properties.
Authors: Calvanico N J , Velosa J A , Anderson W L , Tomasi T B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A lymphocyte surface glycoprotein designated urinary acidic antigen (UA) has been isolated from normal urine by a combination of preparative isoelectric focusing and ammonium sulfate precipitation. It has an m.w. of 14,000 to 17,500 daltons, and is approximately 60% carbohydrate and 40% amino acid in content. The protein exhibited the following physical properties: S20,omega = 1.24; v = 0.693 ml/g; E1%1 cm, 278 nm = 2.08; and pI-2.5. It appears to be unrelated to beta 2-microglobulin, protein HC, urinary proteose, microglobulin, or any previously described normal urine or human serum protein.
The response of murine splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A and to co-stimulator.
Authors: Sanderson R J , Rulon K , Groeneboer E G , Talmage D W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The blastogenic and mitogenic response of murine splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A and the response of the resulting blasts to a lymphokine co-stimulator preparation was examined with an electronic particle counting and sizing apparatus (Coulter Counter and Channelizer). Mitogenesis, as determined by increase in cell number, correlated well with the time-integrated uptake of tritiated thymidine. It was found that co-stimulator was highly mitogenic to the lectin-induced blasts, and that the cells appearing in response to it were uniformly large (co-stimulator blasts). Furthermore, the eventual increase in cell number was proportional to the co-stimulator concentration, at least for the concentrations, cell numbers, and incubation times examined. This relatively simple assay that uses the Coulter Counter and Channelizer is therefore capable of substituting for serial measurements of tritiated thymidine uptake and yields additional information on the volume spectra of responding cells, as well as forming the basis for assaying co-stimulator activity. The co-stimulator blasts were found to be capable of killing a wide variety of allogeneic as well as syngeneic concanavalin A induced blasts. The level of killing in a 3-hr 51Cr release assay varied between 9% (for the syngeneic case) and 24% of the maximum obtained by water lysis.
Stimulation of murine lymphocytes by Rauscher leukemia virus in vitro.
Authors: Bubbers J E , Elder J H , Dixon F J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine lymphocytes cultured with frozen and thawed Rauscher murine leukemia virus 100,000 x G supernatants demonstrated increased 3H-thymidine uptake. The stimulatory capacity co-purified with the major envelope glycoprotein, gp70, and can be specifically removed from viral supernatants by absorption with anti-gp70 antibody-linked Sepharose. Cells from all strains tested, including strains prone to autoimmune disease (MRL/1, (NZB X W)F1, NZB, and BXSB), immunologically normal strains (DBA/2, C57B1/6, BALB/c, C3H and 129/J), genetic low responders to LPS (C3H/HeJ), and mice congenitally T cell deficient (BALB/Wehi nu/nu) were equivalently responsive to viral protein stimulation. The response peaked after 3 to 4 days of culture, and cells responded at that time after brief exposure to virus supernatants at the initiation of culture. When gp70 concentrations comparable to serum levels were used, both spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells were capable of responding with stimulation indices of between 5 and 10; whereas bone marrow cells responded poorly, and neither thymocytes nor cortisone-resistant thymocytes responded. Lymphocyte stimulation was not diminished by the depletion of adherent cells, and both T- and B cell-enriched populations responded.
Heterogeneity within the population of NK and K cells.
Authors: Jensen P J , Koren H S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using a cellular immunoadsorbant technique, we have examined the relationship between the K cell, which mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the natural killer (NK) cell. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were allowed to adhere to monolayers of NK-sensitive target cells. PBL nonadherent to these monolayers and control PBL were then tested for both NK and ADCC activity by using a short-term 51Cr-release assay. The cytotoxic activity of nonadherent PBL was compared to that of control PBL by using the slope rati- method. In most cases, the extent of depletion of NK was greater than that of ADCC; however, in several experiments both activities were depleted to an equivalent extent. It is concluded that a single cell can mediate both ADCC and NK and that the selectivity of a given effector cell for NK targets depends upon the particular NK recognition site(s) that the cell bears.
The role of insulin in the response of murine T lymphocytes to mitogenic stimulation in vitro.
Authors: Snow E C , Feldbush T L , Oaks J A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of insulin to influence the responsiveness of murine T lymphocytes in a culture system containing a serum substitute was documented. The presence of insulin was found to enhance the concanavalin A (Con A) reactivity of the lymphocytes. Once the cells were activated by a short-term exposure to Con A, insulin was capable of replacing Con A for the continued stimulation of the cells. This was true both for lymphocyte proliferation and for the generation of nonspecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The presence or absence of insulin was not found to influence the phytohemagglutinin responsiveness of the T lymphocytes. Possible reasons for the observed results are discussed in relation to a proposed model for lymphocyte activation.
Generation of hybridomas secreting murine reaginic antibodies of anti-DNP specificity.
Authors: Eshhar Z , Ofarim M , Waks T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
High frequency of hybridoma lines secreting large amounts of reaginic anti-DNP antibodies were generated by the fusion of splenic lymphocytes enriched by adoptive transfer of immune cells and the NSI plasmacytoma cell line. The murine IgE molecule binds DNP with high affinity and was specifically purified by immunoabsorption. The 190,000 dalton molecule is composed of a lambda-light chain and an epsilon-heavy chain of an apparent m.w. of about 90,000. Absorption studies with anti-class-specific antisera suggest that some of the hybrid clones secrete also a mixed molecule consisting of lambda- and kappa-light chains in addition to the epsilon-heavy chain. The monoclonal reaginic antibody binds to mast cells or rat basophilic leukemia cells and, upon binding of DNP-protein, triggers an anaphylactic reaction.
T cell-mediated immunity to oncornavirus-induced tumors. I. Ly phenotype of precursor and effector cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Leclerc J C , Cantor H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Regression of tumor induced by murine sarcoma virus (MSV) is accompanied by the formation of specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Selection of T-cells sets by Ly phenotype determination allows separation of T sets involved in the cytolytic reaction. After MSV inoculation we demonstrate that a) Ly123+ cells contain precursors of CTL, b) direct cytolysis is mainly mediated by Ly23 cells, 3) cytolytic memory is divisible into "early" memory, carried by Ly23 cells, and "late" memory, which reverts to an Ly123 precursor population, and d) Ly1 cells are required to induce anti-MSV antibody formation.
Induction of Fc epsilon-receptor bearing cells in vitro in human peripheral lymphocytes.
Authors: Yodoi J , Ishizaka K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fc epsilon R-bearing lymphocytes were induced in vitro by the culture of peripheral lymphocytes from ragweed-sensitive patients with antigen E together with, or followed by, human IgE. Neither antigen E alone nor IgE alone induced Fc epsilon R(+) cells. As expected, culture of normal lymphocytes with the antigen and IgE failed to increase Fc epsilon R(+) cells. However, mixed lymphocyte cultures from two normal individuals responsed to human IgE for the induction of Fc epsilon R(+) cells. In both antigen-stimulated and mixed lymphocyte cultures, a portion of Fc epsilon R(+) cells induced in vitro were T lymphocytes. Evidence was obtained that Fc gamma R(+) cells are involved in the induction of Fc epsilon R(+) cells. Depletion of Fc gamma R(+) cells in the lymphocytes from ragweed-sensitive patients, before culture with antigen E and IgE, abolished the ability of the lymphocytes to respond to IgE for an increase in Fc epsilon R(+) cells.