bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disability and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the Ukrainian General Population during the 2022 Russian Invasion
Authors: Kang Tarandeep S. , Goodwin Robin , Hamama-Raz Yaira , Leshem Elazar , Ben-Ezra Menachem 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Previous research has shown that people with disabilities are disproportionately vulnerable to symptoms of psychological distress after exposure to armed conflict. Past work has also shown that individuals displaced by conflict are at heightened risk of post-traumatic stress. Using a national online sample of Ukrainians in the early weeks of the 2022 Russian invasion, we aim to examine associations between functional disability and symptoms of post-traumatic stress.

Methods
We examined the association between levels of functional disability in the Ukrainian population and symptoms of post-traumatic stress during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. We analysed data from a national sample of 2000 participants from across this country, assessing disability using the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-12)(six domains of disability) and the International Trauma Questionnaire assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology according to the Eleventh Edition of The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Moderated regression examined the impact of displacement status on the disability–post-traumatic stress relationship.

Results
Different domains of disability predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) to varying extents, with overall disability score significantly associated with PTSSs. This relationship was not moderated by displacement status. Consistent with previous research, females reported higher levels of post-traumatic stress.

Conclusions
In a study of a general population during a time of armed conflict, individuals with more severe disabilities were at greater risk of PTSSs. Psychiatrists and related professionals should consider pre-existing disability as a risk factor for conflict-related post-traumatic stress.
The Link Between the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Rainfall Trends in Northwest Australia
Authors: Borowiak Alexander , King Andrew , Lane Todd 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRainfall during the monsoon in northwest Australia has increased since the 1950s. Previous studies have explored possible causes of the rainfall increase; however, the trend has not been fully explained. Understanding the cause of this trend is important for interpreting climate projections and local water‐sensitive services. We explore the role of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) in explaining the rainfall increase. The MJO, since 1974, has had a longer duration in phases associated with enhanced rainfall in northwest Australia (Phases 5 and 6) during the monsoon. We show that the rainfall trend in northwest Australia is identified only during MJO phases associated with enhanced rainfall, with a large change in daily rainfall distribution in these phases. The increasing occurrence of these MJO phases explains most of the rainfall increase, as opposed to an increase in daily rainfall independent of MJO phase, albeit with some sensitivity to MJO definition.
Factorial CGE‐Based Analysis for the Indirect Benefits of the Three Gorges Project
Authors: Han Dengcheng , Huang Guohe , Liu Lirong , Zhai Mengyu , Fu Yupeng , Gao Sichen , Li Jianyong , Pan Xiaojie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale hydraulic projects (LHPs) have become increasingly significant in river basin flood‐risk management. Although LHPs’ direct flood‐retention benefits have been clearly shown, there has been a dearth of a comprehensive examination of their indirect implications, which can be more long‐lasting and substantial in both environmental and economic terms. Thus, this study develops a factorial computable general equilibrium (CGE)‐based LHP‐effect analysis approach (FLEA) to quantify the indirect impacts of LHPs and simulate postflood recovery strategies under diverse scenarios. The FLEA integrates a factorial analysis with a dynamic CGE framework, including a flood module that connects hydraulic initiatives to the economy during floods. The FLEA is applied to the Three Gorges Project (TGP). The results demonstrate that ∼$57 billion in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and ∼12.9 Mt CO2eq reduction would be created annually through supply chains by the TGP. When floods strike, the TGP has the potential to save ∼$21 billion in GDP directly and reduce long‐term GDP losses by ∼50% throughout the reconstruction period. The TGP can have a considerable indirect impact on manufacturing. Furthermore, improved regulations and maintenance for the TGP may be desired for mitigating long‐term flood‐related losses, which is more crucial than aggressive postflood fiscal stimuli.
Diffusive‐Dispersive Isotope Fractionation of Chlorinated Ethenes in Groundwater: The Key Role of Incomplete Mixing and Its Multi‐Scale Effects
Authors: Wienkenjohann Henning , Jin Biao , Rolle Massimo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiffusive‐dispersive processes are ubiquitous in porous media with important implications for solute transport in many natural and engineered systems; however, their effects on isotope fractionation of organic contaminants in subsurface flow‐through systems is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the propagation of isotope shifts in groundwater systems, induced by lateral diffusive‐dispersive isotope fractionation, on carbon and chlorine isotope signatures of chlorinated ethene plumes at steady state. We consider three distinct spatial scales (i.e., pore, laboratory, and field scales) and explore isotope fractionation with high‐resolution pore‐scale simulations, flow‐through experiments, and field‐scale numerical modeling. The experimental lab‐scale investigation was carried out using cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE) as model contaminant, whereas cis‐DCE and trichloroethene (TCE) were considered in the multi‐scale numerical simulations. The pore‐scale analysis of transverse displacement demonstrates significant isotope fractionation over a wide range of seepage velocities (0.1–10 m/day). The pore‐scale simulations illuminate the key role of incomplete mixing, which sustains isotopologue‐specific gradients in the pore channels and results in the strongest isotope fractionation (−6‰ for carbon; −10‰ for chlorine) at the fastest flow velocity. The outcomes of the flow‐through experiments support the key role of isotopologue‐specific aqueous diffusion also at the laboratory scale, where significant diffusive‐dispersive isotopic shifts were observed at the outlet of the setup. Finally, the detailed field‐scale numerical simulations, performed in a cross‐section of a heterogeneous aquifer, illustrate that the microscopic diffusion‐induced isotope fraction propagates at macroscopic scales.
Estimating Aquifer System Storage Loss With Water Levels, Pumping and InSAR Data in the Parowan Valley, Utah
Authors: Smith Ryan , Li Jiawei , Grote Katherine , Butler Jim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the Parowan Valley of Utah, groundwater levels have declined by as much as 30 m over the past 50 years with accompanying subsidence rates of up to 5 cm/year. Traditional methods to estimate groundwater storage change use a combination of groundwater level and storativity estimates, but there is often considerable uncertainty in these. In this study, we demonstrate a new method that relies on a combination of geodetic data from InSAR, as well as groundwater level and pumping data, to estimate both the total groundwater storage loss and the percentages of storage loss in fine‐ and coarse‐grained layers within an aquifer system. We find that when aggregated over all of Parowan Valley, fine‐ and coarse‐grained layers account for roughly equal portions of the total groundwater storage loss. However, in confined aquifers, fine‐grained layers account for most of the storage loss. This has important implications on the source of groundwater in depleting aquifer systems, as many models do not account for fine‐grained layers as a source of water. We find that in the Parowan Valley, the aquifer depletion is roughly 12.5% of the volume of pumped groundwater, meaning that the remainder of pumped groundwater is sourced from net inflow. This study presents the first method that combines geodetic and in situ groundwater data to provide estimates of groundwater storage change that account for both coarse‐ and fine‐grained intervals, which are typically present in significant amounts in the major unconsolidated aquifer systems of the world.
Deep-learning-based gas identification by time-variant illumination of a single micro-LED-embedded gas sensor
Authors: Cho Incheol , Lee Kichul , Sim Young Chul , Jeong Jae-Seok , Cho Minkyu , Jung Heechan , Kang Mingu , Cho Yong-Hoon , Ha Seung Chul , Yoon Kuk-Jin , Park Inkyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectronic nose (e-nose) technology for selectively identifying a target gas through chemoresistive sensors has gained much attention for various applications, such as smart factory and personal health monitoring. To overcome the cross-reactivity problem of chemoresistive sensors to various gas species, herein, we propose a novel sensing strategy based on a single micro-LED (μLED)-embedded photoactivated (μLP) gas sensor, utilizing the time-variant illumination for identifying the species and concentrations of various target gases. A fast-changing pseudorandom voltage input is applied to the μLED to generate forced transient sensor responses. A deep neural network is employed to analyze the obtained complex transient signals for gas detection and concentration estimation. The proposed sensor system achieves high classification (~96.99%) and quantification (mean absolute percentage error ~ 31.99%) accuracies for various toxic gases (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and nitrogen dioxide) with a single gas sensor consuming 0.53 mW. The proposed method may significantly improve the efficiency of e-nose technology in terms of cost, space, and power consumption.
Gradients of striatal function in antipsychotic-free first-episode psychosis and schizotypy
Authors: Oldehinkel Marianne , Tiego Jeggan , Sabaroedin Kristina , Chopra Sidhant , Francey Shona M. , O’Donoghue Brian , Cropley Vanessa , Nelson Barnaby , Graham Jessica , Baldwin Lara , Yuen Hok Pan , Allott Kelly , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Harrigan Susy , Pantelis Christos , Wood Stephen J. , McGorry Patrick , Bellgrove Mark A. , Fornito Alex 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBoth psychotic illness and subclinical psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) have been associated with cortico-striatal dysfunction. This work has largely relied on a discrete parcellation of the striatum into distinct functional areas, but recent evidence suggests that the striatum comprises multiple overlapping and smoothly varying gradients (i.e., modes) of functional organization. Here, we investigated two of these functional connectivity modes, previously associated with variations in the topographic patterning of cortico-striatal connectivity (first-order gradient), and dopaminergic innervation of the striatum (second-order gradient), and assessed continuities in striatal function from subclinical to clinical domains. We applied connectopic mapping to resting-state fMRI data to obtain the first-order and second-order striatal connectivity modes in two distinct samples: (1) 56 antipsychotic-free patients (26 females) with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 27 healthy controls (17 females); and (2) a community-based cohort of 377 healthy individuals (213 females) comprehensively assessed for subclinical PLEs and schizotypy. The first-order “cortico-striatal” and second-order “dopaminergic” connectivity gradients were significantly different in FEP patients compared to controls bilaterally. In the independent sample of healthy individuals, variations in the left first-order “cortico-striatal” connectivity gradient were associated with inter-individual differences in a factor capturing general schizotypy and PLE severity. The presumed cortico-striatal connectivity gradient was implicated in both subclinical and clinical cohorts, suggesting that variations in its organization may represent a neurobiological trait marker across the psychosis continuum. Disruption of the presumed dopaminergic gradient was only noticeable in patients, suggesting that neurotransmitter dysfunction may be more apparent to clinical illness.
Predicting suicide risk in 137,112 people with severe mental illness in Finland: external validation of the Oxford Mental Illness and Suicide tool (OxMIS)
Authors: Sariaslan Amir , Fanshawe Thomas , Pitkänen Joonas , Cipriani Andrea , Martikainen Pekka , Fazel Seena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOxford Mental Illness and Suicide tool (OxMIS) is a standardised, scalable, and transparent instrument for suicide risk assessment in people with severe mental illness (SMI) based on 17 sociodemographic, criminal history, familial, and clinical risk factors. However, alongside most prediction models in psychiatry, external validations are currently lacking. We utilised a Finnish population sample of all persons diagnosed by mental health services with SMI (schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders) between 1996 and 2017 (n = 137,112). To evaluate the performance of OxMIS, we initially calculated the predicted 12-month suicide risk for each individual by weighting risk factors by effect sizes reported in the original OxMIS prediction model and converted to a probability. This probability was then used to assess the discrimination and calibration of the OxMIS model in this external sample. Within a year of assessment, 1.1% of people with SMI (n = 1475) had died by suicide. The overall discrimination of the tool was good, with an area under the curve of 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.71). The model initially overestimated suicide risks in those with elevated predicted risks of >5% over 12 months (Harrell’s Emax = 0.114), which applied to 1.3% (n = 1780) of the cohort. However, when we used a 5% maximum predicted suicide risk threshold as is recommended clinically, the calibration was excellent (ICI = 0.002; Emax = 0.005). Validating clinical prediction tools using routinely collected data can address research gaps in prediction psychiatry and is a necessary step to translating such models into clinical practice.
Scalable synthesis of coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites for large-scale CO2 electrolysis
Authors: Sun Ji Wei , Wu Xuefeng , Liu Peng Fei , Chen Jiacheng , Liu Yuanwei , Lou Zhen Xin , Zhao Jia Yue , Yuan Hai Yang , Chen Aiping , Wang Xue Lu , Zhu Minghui , Dai Sheng , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPractical electrochemical CO2-to-CO conversion requires a non-precious catalyst to react at high selectivity and high rate. Atomically dispersed, coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites have shown great performance in CO2electroreduction; however, their controllable and large-scale fabrication still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a general method to fabricate coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites doped within carbon nanotubes, among which cobalt single-atom catalysts can mediate efficient CO2-to-CO formation in a membrane flow configuration, achieving a current density of 200 mA cm−2with CO selectivity of 95.4% and high full-cell energy efficiency of 54.1%, outperforming most of CO2-to-CO conversion electrolyzers. By expanding the cell area to 100 cm2, this catalyst sustains a high-current electrolysis at 10 A with 86.8% CO selectivity and the single-pass conversion can reach 40.4% at a high CO2flow rate of 150 sccm. This fabrication method can be scaled up with negligible decay in CO2-to-CO activity. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical results reveal the crucial role of coordinatively unsaturated metal-nitrogen sites, which facilitate CO2adsorption and key *COOH intermediate formation.
Diffusion capacity of single and interconnected networks
Authors: Schieber Tiago A. , Carpi Laura C. , Pardalos Panos M. , Masoller Cristina , Díaz-Guilera Albert , Ravetti Martín G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding diffusive processes in networks is a significant challenge in complexity science. Networks possess a diffusive potential that depends on their topological configuration, but diffusion also relies on the process and initial conditions. This article presents Diffusion Capacity, a concept that measures a node’s potential to diffuse information based on a distance distribution that considers both geodesic and weighted shortest paths and dynamical features of the diffusion process. Diffusion Capacity thoroughly describes the role of individual nodes during a diffusion process and can identify structural modifications that may improve diffusion mechanisms. The article defines Diffusion Capacity for interconnected networks and introduces Relative Gain, which compares the performance of a node in a single structure versus an interconnected one. The method applies to a global climate network constructed from surface air temperature data, revealing a significant change in diffusion capacity around the year 2000, suggesting a loss of the planet’s diffusion capacity that could contribute to the emergence of more frequent climatic events.
PepQuery2 democratizes public MS proteomics data for rapid peptide searching
Authors: Wen Bo , Zhang Bing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present PepQuery2, which leverages a new tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data indexing approach to enable ultrafast, targeted identification of novel and known peptides in any local or publicly available MS proteomics datasets. The stand-alone version of PepQuery2 allows directly searching more than one billion indexed MS/MS spectra in the PepQueryDB or any public datasets from PRIDE, MassIVE, iProX, or jPOSTrepo, whereas the web version enables users to search datasets in PepQueryDB with a user-friendly interface. We demonstrate the utilities of PepQuery2 in a wide range of applications including detecting proteomic evidence for genomically predicted novel peptides, validating novel and known peptides identified using spectrum-centric database searching, prioritizing tumor-specific antigens, identifying missing proteins, and selecting proteotypic peptides for targeted proteomics experiments. By putting public MS proteomics data directly into the hands of scientists, PepQuery2 opens many new ways to transform these data into useful information for the broad research community.
Transcriptomic profiles and 5-year results from the randomized CLL14 study of venetoclax plus obinutuzumab versus chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Al-Sawaf Othman , Zhang Can , Jin Hyun Yong , Robrecht Sandra , Choi Yoonha , Balasubramanian Sandhya , Kotak Alex , Chang Yi Meng , Fink Anna Maria , Tausch Eugen , Schneider Christof , Ritgen Matthias , Kreuzer Karl-Anton , Chyla Brenda , Paulson Joseph N. , Pallasch Christian P. , Frenzel Lukas P. , Peifer Martin , Eichhorst Barbara , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Jiang Yanwen , Hallek Michael , Fischer Kirsten 
Published: April 2023

AbstractData on long-term outcomes and biological drivers associated with depth of remission after BCL2 inhibition by venetoclax in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are limited. In this open-label parallel-group phase-3 study, 432 patients with previously untreated CLL were randomized (1:1) to receive either 1-year venetoclax-obinutuzumab (Ven-Obi, 216 patients) or chlorambucil-Obi (Clb-Obi, 216 patients) therapy (NCT02242942). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints included minimal residual disease (MRD) and overall survival. RNA sequencing of CD19-enriched blood was conducted for exploratory post-hoc analyses. After a median follow-up of 65.4 months, PFS is significantly superior for Ven-Obi compared to Clb-Obi (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.35 [95% CI 0.26–0.46], p < 0.0001). At 5 years after randomization, the estimated PFS rate is 62.6% after Ven-Obi and 27.0% after Clb-Obi. In both arms, MRD status at the end of therapy is associated with longer PFS. MRD + ( ≥ 10−4) status is associated with increased expression of multi-drug resistance gene ABCB1 (MDR1), whereas MRD6 (< 10−6) is associated with BCL2L11 (BIM) expression. Inflammatory response pathways are enriched in MRD+ patient solely in the Ven-Obi arm. These data indicate sustained long-term efficacy of fixed-duration Ven-Obi in patients with previously untreated CLL. The distinct transcriptomic profile of MRD+ status suggests possible biological vulnerabilities.
Bladder cancer organoids as a functional system to model different disease stages and therapy response
Authors: Minoli Martina , Cantore Thomas , Hanhart Daniel , Kiener Mirjam , Fedrizzi Tarcisio , La Manna Federico , Karkampouna Sofia , Chouvardas Panagiotis , Genitsch Vera , Rodriguez-Calero Antonio , Compérat Eva , Klima Irena , Gasperini Paola , Kiss Bernhard , Seiler Roland , Demichelis Francesca , Thalmann George N. , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBladder Cancer (BLCa) inter-patient heterogeneity is the primary cause of treatment failure, suggesting that patients could benefit from a more personalized treatment approach. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have been successfully used as a functional model for predicting drug response in different cancers. In our study, we establish PDO cultures from different BLCa stages and grades. PDOs preserve the histological and molecular heterogeneity of the parental tumors, including their multiclonal genetic landscapes, and consistently share key genetic alterations, mirroring tumor evolution in longitudinal sampling. Our drug screening pipeline is implemented using PDOs, testing standard-of-care and FDA-approved compounds for other tumors. Integrative analysis of drug response profiles with matched PDO genomic analysis is used to determine enrichment thresholds for candidate markers of therapy response and resistance. Finally, by assessing the clinical history of longitudinally sampled cases, we can determine whether the disease clonal evolution matched with drug response.