bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The choice for colostomy following spinal cord injury: A grounded theory study
Authors: Boucher Michelle Louise , Gelling Leslie , Tait Desiree 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimExplore experiences and choices related to bowel management following spinal cord injury.BackgroundIn one UK spinal centre, more are choosing a colostomy soon after injury in contravention of professional guidelines. Reasons for this were unknown.MethodsGrounded theory study using semi‐structured interviews with 12 individuals living with spinal cord injury.ResultsAll ‘Experienced Loss’ related to bowel function. Those who chose colostomy later ‘Progressed into Suffering’. Colostomy transformed lives and was likened to ‘Being Alive Again’. ‘Failures of Care’ contributed to experiences and decision‐making.ConclusionPossessing information and choice emerge as key in transforming lives following spinal cord injury. They allow individuals to make choices from a lifeworld perspective, which may differ from those professionals assume. Present neurogenic bowel management guidelines fail to account for the wider lifeworlds of those they are designed for.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareAn imperative emerges to make information and choice available and involve patients in the reconstruction of guidelines.ImpactUnique knowledge emerges about patient experiences and motivations, and points to a patient‐led revolution in how bowel management following spinal cord injury is understood and managed. The imperative for adequate access to information and choice is demonstrated.Reporting MethodEQUATOR Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) were adhered to.Patient or Public ContributionThe methodology facilitated discussion of areas important to patients and made them co‐constructors of theory.
The Management of Socio‐Political Issues and Environments: Toward a Research Agenda for Corporate Socio‐Political Engagement
Authors: Sun Pei , Doh Jonathan , Rajwani Tazeeb , Werner Timothy , Luo Xiaowei Rose 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSocio‐political issues and environments are becoming more complex and challenging. In this introduction to the special issue on ‘The Management of Socio‐Political Issues and Environments: Organizational and Strategic Perspectives’, we take stock of the burgeoning research on how firms interact with socio‐political actors and environments over the last few decades, specifically research on Corporate Political Activity and Corporate Social Responsibility. We then argue that the socio‐political environments and actors with which firms interact are in a state of flux, such that issues are more interrelated and dynamic, and actors are more diverse and demanding. As such, we propose a new concept of corporate socio‐political engagement (CSPE), which represents a more holistic perspective to understanding complex interactions among firms and their social/political stakeholders, incorporating and transcending conventional notions and tactics documented in the extant nonmarket strategy literature. Using a two‐dimensional framework that captures the identity of socio‐political actor or the nature of socio‐political issues (political, social, or both) as well as the relevant level of analysis at which the interactions unfold, we showcase the contributions of the special issue articles to this research agenda. Finally, we discuss and specify future research directions for revealing the multifaceted nature of CSPE.
Daily agreeableness and acculturation processes in ethnic/racial minority freshmen: The role of inter‐ethnic contact and perceived discrimination
Authors: Wu Yiqun , Xu Jingyi , Shen Yishan , Wang Yijie , Zheng Yao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesHaving higher levels of mainstream cultural orientation (MCO), an important component of acculturation attitudes and behaviors, is beneficial for ethnic/racial minority students during the transitions into university. Scant research has investigated MCO at a micro daily timescale. This study examined how personality (agreeableness) functions in conjunction with interpersonal processes (inter‐ethnic contact and perceived discrimination) to influence MCO as daily within‐person processes.MethodsMulti‐level structural equation modeling were used to analyze month‐long daily diary data from 209 ethnic/racial minority freshmen (69% female).ResultsThere was a positive indirect association between agreeableness and MCO through inter‐ethnic contact at both within‐ and between‐person levels. At the within‐person level, on days with lower (vs. higher) levels of ethnic/racial discrimination, higher levels of agreeableness were associated with higher levels of MCO.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the contributions of intensive longitudinal data in elucidating ethnic/racial minority students' personality and acculturation processes in daily life involving protective and risk factors on micro timescales.
Spatial patterns and drivers of native plant diversity in Hainan, China
Authors: Wang Guo‐Qing , Scherson Rosa A. , Vera Diego , Bai Yun‐Hao , Wen Jun , Guo Lin‐Yuan , Hughes Alice C. , Wang Hua‐Feng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHainan Island has the most extensive and well‐preserved tropical forests in China. With rapid economic development of Hainan, biodiversity is increasingly at risk. Determining the spatial patterns of plant diversity in Hainan and explaining the drivers behind plant diversity are important considerations in assessing and maximizing the effectiveness of national parks, such as the newly designated Hainan Rainforest National Park. We assessed phylogenetic diversity patterns, and species richness using 106,252 georeferenced specimen records and a molecular phylogeny of 3,792 native plant species. Based on phylogenetic range‐weighted turnover metrics, we divided Hainan flora into four major floristic units. The Grade of Membership model was used to further verify the four units, and to understand their boundaries and the internal structure of each floristic unit. Finally, the best combination model was used to explore the driving mechanisms underlying the division. Our results reveal that central Hainan is the most important hotspot for plant endemism and diversity, followed by the southern area. Environmental energy is the main factor determining the spatial patterns of native plant diversity on the island, and accessibility has the greatest impact on native plant diversity among social factors. We explore patterns of spatial phylogenetics and biogeography to identify potential priorities for management and conservation drivers of plant diversity patterns across Hainan, to provide the basis for the effective protection of native plant diversity and the improvement of national parks of Hainan Island.
Presumptive phenobarbital‐induced systemic lupus erythematosus in a domestic dog
Authors: Phillips Erin , Kornya Matthew , Collier Allison , Barry Maureen , Morrison Katherine , Reggeti Felipe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCase DescriptionWe describe a case of presumptive acquired systemic lupus erythematosus secondary to phenobarbital administration in a dog, which resolved with withdrawal of the drug.Clinical FindingsA 3.5 year‐old poodle presented to a veterinary teaching hospital for Tier 1 idiopathic epilepsy and was treated with phenobarbital. The dog experienced fever, multiple cytopenias, and proteinuria in conjunction with a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer.DiagnosticsSerial CBCs, urine protein : creatinine ratios, and sternal bone marrow aspirates were performed to evaluate improvement.Treatment and OutcomePhenobarbital was withdrawn and levetiracetam initiated. All abnormalities resolved with supportive care, without initiation of immunosuppressive drugs. All cytopenias and proteinuria resolved and ANA test results became negative within 3 months. The patient recovered and did well clinically.Clinical RelevanceSystemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of multiple autoimmune syndromes occurring concurrently or sequentially in conjunction with the presence of circulating ANA. It has been well described in dogs as an idiopathic condition, but in human medicine may occur secondary to drug reactions (drug‐associated lupus) including as a reaction to phenobarbital. The findings in our case are consistent with the criteria for drug‐induced lupus in humans and we suggest it as the first report of phenobarbital‐induced lupus in a dog.
Discursive mismatch and globalization by stealth: The fight against corruption in the Brazilian legal field
Authors: Cornelius Eduardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLaw and globalization studies have documented how Global South lawyers compete over the adaptation of international norms. Yet, little is known about how this adaptation legitimates worldviews beyond the law. To advance this literature, this paper proposes a discourse-centered field analysis of the legal globalization of anti-corruption ideas in Brazil. It examines Brazilian lawyers' disputes over a 2016 anti-corruption bill. The bill supporters mobilize global anti-corruption discourses that are exogenous to the legal field to defend harsher criminal law. Their critics counter the reform by mobilizing endogenous legal ideas against criminal law expansion. In so doing, they do not challenge reformers' ideas about corruption. I show how this discursive mismatch leads to a form of globalization by stealth, whereby local dynamics allow global ideas to remain unchallenged in local fields.
How to train a student
Authors: Rowan Jamie 
Published: September 2023

There are multiple ways that I can describe the impact of Laurie Edelman on my life. I think the first one, and the one that most of you are familiar with, would be intellectual. The second, her mentorship, was far less public. In both ways—as an advisor and as a mentor—Laurie was extraordinary.I came to the Jurisprudence and Social Policy Program (JSP) at Berkeley Law with very little understanding of socio-legal studies, or academia as a profession. Having volunteered with refugees in the US and in countries still struggling from the ravages of conflict, I was simply dedicated to understanding how to help people rebuild their lives after war. I used to say I was a do-gooder wanting to learn how to do good better.
Clinical study of 16 patients with thalamic infarction
Authors: Ogawa Katsuhiko , Akimoto Takayoshi , Hara Makoto , Fujishiro Midori , Nakajima Hideto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of sensory impairment in thalamic infarction is unclear.AimThe association between extents of lesions in the ventroposterior nucleus (VP) and distributions of sensory impairments after thalamic infarction was studied.MethodsNeurological symptoms and locations of lesions in 16 patients with thalamic infarction were analyzed. Locations of lesions were grouped into the four regions (region 1–4) in the front to back direction.ResultsThe lateral part of the region3 within the intermediate to caudal levels where the VP exists was frequently involved. Subjective superficial sensory impairments were noted in eight patients. The other six patients showed objective sensory impairment alone. The most frequent type was the face/arm in 6 patients. In these six patients, sensory impairments were distributed to the distal part of the arm and the mouth surrounding in five patients each. Sensory impairments were distributed to the half of the body in four patients, the face/trunk/arm in one patient, the face/arm/leg in two patients, and the arm in one patient.ConclusionsThe principal inferolateral branch supplies the VP and has no anastomosis. In ischemic conditions, blood flow can be decreased in the inside part of the VP, which corresponds to the field of the hand and the mouth surrounding. The detection threshold of superficial sensations for hand and mouth is low. These phenomena were associated with frequent involvement limited to the face/arm. Distributions of sensory impairments were considered to depend on the detection threshold and the lower blood flow in the inside part.
Allelopathy‐selected microbiomes mitigate chemical inhibition of plant performance
Authors: Revillini Daniel , David Aaron S. , Reyes Alma L. , Knecht Leslie D. , Vigo Carolina , Allen Preston , Searcy Christopher A. , Afkhami Michelle E. 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Allelopathy is a common and important stressor that shapes plant communities and can alter soil microbiomes, yet little is known about the direct effects of allelochemical addition on bacterial and fungal communities or the potential for allelochemical‐selected microbiomes to mediate plant performance responses, especially in habitats naturally structured by allelopathy.

Here, we present the first community‐wide investigation of microbial mediation of allelochemical effects on plant performance by testing how allelopathy affects soil microbiome structure and how these microbial changes impact germination and productivity across 13 plant species.

The soil microbiome exhibited significant changes to ‘core’ bacterial and fungal taxa, bacterial composition, abundance of functionally important bacterial and fungal taxa, and predicted bacterial functional genes after the addition of the dominant allelochemical native to this habitat. Furthermore, plant performance was mediated by the allelochemical‐selected microbiome, with allelopathic inhibition of plant productivity moderately mitigated by the microbiome.

Through our findings, we present a potential framework to understand the strength of plant–microbial interactions in the presence of environmental stressors, in which frequency of the ecological stress may be a key predictor of microbiome‐mediation strength.
Establishment of a high‐efficiency transformation and genome editing method for an essential vegetable and medicine Solanum nigrum
Authors: Ding Mengdou , Piao Chun‐Lan , Zhang Xinyu , Zhu Ying , Cui Min‐Long 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSolanum nigrum, which belongs to the Solanaceae family, is an essential plant for food and medicine. It has many important secondary compounds, including glycoproteins, glycoalkaloids, polyphenolics, and anthocyanin‐rich purple berries, as well as many ideal characteristics such as self‐fertilization, a short life cycle and a small genome size that make it a potential model plant for the study of secondary metabolism and fruit development. In this study, we report a highly efficient and convenient tissue culture, transformation and genome editing method for S. nigrum using leaf segments after 8 weeks of tissue culture, with a required period from transformation initiation to harvest of about 3.5 months. Our results also show multi‐shoot regeneration per leaf segment and a 100% shoot regeneration efficiency in a shoot regeneration medium. Moreover, over 82% of kanamycin‐resistant plants exhibited strong green fluorescence marker protein expression, with genetic integration confirmed by PCR results and green fluorescence protein expression in their T1 progeny. Furthermore, we successfully applied this transformation method to achieve an average of 83% genome editing efficiency of SnMYB1, a gene involved in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway of S. nigrum in response to missing nutrients. Taken together, the combination of highly efficient tissue culture, transformation and genome editing systems can provide a powerful platform for supporting fundamental research on the molecular mechanisms of secondary metabolism, fruit development, and production of important compounds by biotechnology.
Microstructural characterisation of 3D printed and injection‐moulded glass fibre‐reinforced polypropylene by image analysis, simulation and experimental methods
Authors: Lienhard Jörg , Barisin Tin , Grimm‐Strele Hannes , Kabel Matthias , Schladitz Katja , Schweiger Timo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of fibre‐reinforced thermoplastics and their dependencies on the manufacturing process, fibre properties, fibre concentration and strain rate have been researched intensively for years in order to predict their macroscopic behaviour by numerical simulations as precisely as possible. Including the microstructure in both real and virtual experiments has improved prediction precision for injection‐moulded glass fibre‐reinforced thermoplastics significantly. In this work, we apply three established methods for characterisation and modelling to an injection‐moulded and to a 3D printed material. The geometric properties of the fibre component as fibre orientation, fibre length and fibre diameter distributions are identified by analysing reconstructed tomographic images. For comparing the fibre lengths, a recently suggested new method is applied. Based on segmentations of the tomographic images, we calculate the elastic stiffness of both composites numerically on the microscale. Finally, the mechanical behaviour of both materials is experimentally characterised by micro tensile tests. The simulation results agree well with the measured stiffness in case of the injection‐moulded material. However, for the 3D printed material, measurement and simulation differ strongly. The prediction from the simulation agrees with the values expected from the image analytic findings on the microstructure. Therefore, the differences in the measured behaviour have to be contributed to the matrix material. This proves demand for further research for 3D printed materials for predictable prototypes, preproduction series and possible serial application.
Glycocalyx dynamics and the inflammatory response of genetically modified porcine endothelial cells
Authors: Milusev Anastasia , Ren Jianfang , Despont Alain , Shaw Jane , Längin Matthias , Bender Martin , Abicht Jan‐Michael , Mokelke Maren , Radan Julia , Neumann Elisabeth , Kemter Elisabeth , Klymiuk Nikolai , Ayares David , Wolf Eckhard , Reichart Bruno , Sorvillo Nicoletta , Rieben Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractXenotransplantation is a promising approach to reduce organ shortage, while genetic modification of donor pigs has significantly decreased the immunogenic burden of xenotransplants, organ rejection is still a hurdle. Genetically modified pig organs are used in xenotransplantation research, and the first clinical pig‐to‐human heart transplantation was performed in 2022. However, the impact of genetic modification has not been investigated on a cellular level yet. Endothelial cells (EC) and their sugar‐rich surface known as the glycocalyx are the first barrier encountering the recipient's immune system, making them a target for rejection. We have previously shown that wild type venous but not arterial EC were protected against heparan sulfate (HS) shedding after activation with human serum or human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF𝛼). Using a 2D microfluidic system we investigated the glycocalyx dynamics of genetically modified porcine arterial and venous EC (Gal𝛼1,3 Gal knock‐out, transgenic for human CD46 and thrombomodulin, GTKO/hCD46/hTM) after activation with human serum or human TNF𝛼. Interestingly, we observed that GTKO/hCD46/hTM arterial cells, additionally to venous cells, do not shed HS. Unscathed HS on GTKO/hCD46/hTM EC correlated with reduced complement deposition, suggesting that protection against complement activation contributes to maintaining an intact glycocalyx layer on arterial EC. This protection was lost on GTKO/hCD46/hTM cells after simultaneous perfusion with human serum and human TNF𝛼. HS shedding on arterial cells and increased complement deposition on both arterial and venous cells was observed. These findings suggest that GTKO/hCD46/hTM EC revert to a proinflammatory phenotype in an inflammatory xenotransplantation setting, potentially favoring transplant rejection.
Plasticity of gastrointestinal vagal afferents in terms of feeding‐related physiology and pathophysiology
Authors: Page Amanda J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal vagal afferents play an important role in communicating food related information from the gut to the brain. This information initiates vago‐vagal reflexes essential for gut functions, including gut motility and secretions. These afferents also play a role in energy homeostasis, signalling the arrival, amount and nutrient composition of a meal to the central nervous system where it is processed ultimately leading to termination of a meal. Vagal afferent responses to food related stimuli demonstrate a high degree of plasticity, responding to short term changes in nutritional demand, such as the fluctuations that occur across a 24‐hr or in response to a fast, as well as long term changes in energy demand, such as occurs during pregnancy. This plasticity is disrupted in disease states, such as obesity or chronic stress where there is hypo‐ and hypersensitivity of these afferents, respectively. Improved understanding of the plasticity of these afferents will enable identification of new treatment options for diseases associated with vagal afferent function.
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Adaptive Artificial Neural Network-Based Control Through Attracting-Manifold Design and Lipschitz Constant Projection
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Maweu John , Wang Junmin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article presents an adaptive artificial neural network-based control scheme that strategically integrates the attracting-manifold design and a smooth Lipschitz-constant projection operator. The essence of the scheme is elaborated through the design of the reference-command-tracking control law of an nth-order single-input uncertain nonlinear system that can be transformed into the Brunovsky form. The method offers two major advantages: First, by employing the attracting-manifold design, it is possible to achieve asymptotic recovery of the ideal (deterministic) closed-loop dynamics. In other words, the perturbation caused by parametric uncertainties will be driven to zero asymptotically as a result of such a design, fostering a superior control performance. Second, the established smooth projection operator ensures the Lipschitz constant of the adaptive artificial neural network is bounded from above, thereby providing a certain degree of robustness against adversarial perturbations. The proposed method is validated through a numerical simulation example and compared with a standard certainty-equivalent neural-adaptive control method to demonstrate its superior performance.
Performance Analysis of Textured Spherical Hybrid Journal Bearings Operated With Magnetorheological Fluid
Authors: Tomar Adesh Kumar , Sharma Satish C. , Sahu Krishnkant 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recently, textured surfaces have been used to enhance the performance of tribological systems. This paper examines the effect of textured surfaces on hole-entry spherical hybrid journal bearings operated using magnetorheological (MR) fluid. The different geometric shapes of textured surfaces, including spherical, rectangular, and conical, have been selected for numerical analysis. Next-generation design for tribological systems based on MR fluid lubrication emphasizes dynamic performance. MR fluid responds quickly, and its rheological characteristics can be simply adjusted. The present paper also deals with the non-Newtonian behavior of MR fluid on the bearing performance characteristics parameters. The finite element method is used to solve the modified Reynolds equation. The findings of numerical simulation show that the application of textured surfaces and MR fluid improves the values of minimum fluid film thickness and stability of the bearing.