bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Renal Denervation on Sympathetic Nerve Traffic and Correlates in Drug-Resistant and Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Biffi Annalisa , Dell’Oro Raffaella , Quarti-Trevano Fosca , Cuspidi Cesare , Corrao Giovanni , Mancia Giuseppe , Grassi Guido 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Whether and to what extent the reported blood pressure (BP) lowering effects of renal denervation (RDN) are associated with a central sympathoinhibition is controversial. We examined this issue by performing a meta-analysis of the microneurographic studies evaluating the BP and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to RDN in drug-resistant or uncontrolled hypertension (RHT).

Methods:
This analysis comprised 11 studies including a total of >400 RHT patients undergoing RDN and were followed up for 6 months. Evaluation was extended to the relationships of MSNA with clinic heart rate and BP changes associated with RDN.

Results:

MSNA showed a significant reduction after RDN (−4.78 bursts/100 heart beats;
P
<0.04), which was also accompanied by a significant systolic (−11.45 mm Hg;
P
<0.002) and diastolic (−5.24 mm Hg;
P
=0.0001) BP decrease. No significant quantitative relationship was found between MSNA and systolic (r=−0.96,
P
=0.19) or diastolic BP (r=−0.97,
P
=0.23) responses to RDN. This was also the case for clinic heart rate (r=0.53,
P
=0.78, respectively), whose post RDN values were not significant different from the pre-RDN ones. More than 10 renal nerves ablations were found to be needed for obtaining a significant sympathoinhibition.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis, the first ever done on the MSNA responses to RDN, shows that in a consistent number of RHT patients RDN is associated with a significant, although modest, central sympathoinhibition, which appears to be unrelated to the BP lowering effects of the procedure. Thus factors other than the central sympathetic outflow inhibition may concur at the BP lowering effects of RDN.
Evidence of Carotid Atherosclerosis Vulnerability Regression in Real Life From Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Results of the MAGNETIC Prospective Study
Authors: Catalano Oronzo , Bendotti Giulia , Aloi Teresa L. , Bardile Alberto Ferrari , Memmi Mirella , Gambelli Patrick , Zanaboni Daniela , Gualco Alessandra , Cattaneo Emanuela , Mazza Antonio , Frascaroli Mauro , Eshja Esmeralda , Bellazzi Riccardo , Poggi Paolo , Forni Giovanni , La Rovere Maria Teresa 
Published: January 2023

Background
Atherosclerosis vulnerability regression has been evidenced mostly in randomized clinical trials with intensive lipid‐lowering therapy. We aimed to demonstrate vulnerability regression in real life, with a comprehensive quantitative method, in patients with asymptomatic mild to moderate carotid atherosclerosis on a secondary prevention program.

Methods and Results

We conducted a single‐center prospective observational study (MAGNETIC [Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Gold Standard for Noninvasive Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Involvement of Carotid Arteries]): 260 patients enrolled at a cardiac rehabilitation center were followed for 3 years with serial magnetic resonance imaging. Per section cutoffs (95th/5th percentiles) were derived from a sample of 20 consecutive magnetic resonance imaging scans: (1) lipid‐rich necrotic core: 26% of vessel wall area; (2) intraplaque hemorrhage: 12% of vessel wall area; and (3) fibrous cap: (a) minimum thickness: 0.06 mm, (b) mean thickness: 0.4 mm, (c) projection length: 11 mm. Patients with baseline magnetic resonance imaging of adequate quality (n=247) were classified as high (n=63, 26%), intermediate (n=65, 26%), or low risk (n=119, 48%), if vulnerability criteria were fulfilled in ≥2 contiguous sections, in 1 or multiple noncontiguous sections, or in any section, respectively. Among high‐risk patients, a conversion to any lower‐risk status was found in 11 (17%;
P
=0.614) at 6 months, in 16 (25%;
P
=0.197) at 1 year, and in 19 (30%;
P
=0.009) at 3 years. Among patients showing any degree of carotid plaque vulnerability, 21 (16%;
P
=0.014) were diagnosed at low risk at 3 years.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates with a quantitative approach that vulnerability regression is common in real life. A secondary prevention program can promote vulnerability regression in asymptomatic patients in the mid to long term.
(When) Are Authors Culpable for Causing Harm?
Authors: Arvan Marcus 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To what extent are authors morally culpable for harms caused by their published work? Can authors be culpable even if their ideas are misused, perhaps because they failed to take precautions to prevent harmful misinterpretations? Might authors be culpable even if they do take precautions − if, for example, they publish ideas that others can be reasonably expected to put to harmful uses, precautions notwithstanding? Although complete answers to these questions depend upon controversial views about the right to free speech, this paper argues that five notions from the philosophy of law and legal practice − liability, burden of proof, legal causation, mens rea, and reasoning by precedent − can be adapted to provide an attractive moral framework for determining whether an author’s work causes harm, whether and how culpable the author is for causing such harm, steps authors may take to immunize themselves from culpability, and how to responsibly develop new rules for publishing ethics.
Evaluating Winter Precipitation over the Western Himalayas in a High-Resolution Indian Regional Reanalysis Using Multisource Climate Datasets
Authors: Nischal  , Attada Raju , Hunt Kieran M. R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Considerable uncertainties are associated with precipitation characteristics over the western Himalayan region (WHR). These are due to typically small-scale but high-intensity storms caused by the complex topography that are under-resolved by a sparse gauge network. Additionally, both satellite and gauge precipitation measurements remain subject to systematic errors, typically resulting in underestimation over mountainous terrains. Reanalysis datasets provide prospective alternative but are limited by their resolution, which has so far been too coarse to properly resolve orographic precipitation. In this study, we evaluate and cross compare Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA), the first high-resolution (12 km) regional reanalysis over India, with various precipitation products during winter season over WHR. We demonstrate IMDAA’s efficiency in representing winter precipitation characteristics at seasonal, diurnal, interannual scales, as well as heavy precipitation associated with western disturbances (WDs). IMDAA shows closer agreement to other reanalyses than to gauge-based and satellite products in error and bias analysis. Although depicting higher magnitudes, its fine resolution allows a much closer insight into localized spatial patterns and the diurnal cycle, a key advantage over other datasets. Mean winter precipitation over WHR shows a significant decreasing trend in IMDAA, despite no significant trend in the frequency of WDs tracked in either IMDAA or ERA5. The study also exhibits the potential use of IMDAA for characterizing winter atmospheric dynamics, both for climatological studies and during WD activity such as localized valley winds. Overall, these findings highlight the potential utility for IMDAA in conducting monitoring and climate change impact assessment studies over the fragile western Himalayan ecosystem.
Vertical Motions in Orographic Cloud Systems over the Payette River Basin. Part III: An Evaluation of the Impact of Transient Vertical Motions on Targeting during Orographic Cloud Seeding Operations
Authors: Heimes Kaylee , Zaremba Troy J. , Rauber Robert M. , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Xue Lulin , Ikeda Kyoko , Geerts Bart , French Jeffrey , Friedrich Katja , Rasmussen Roy M. , Kunkel Melvin L. , Blestrud Derek R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In Part II, two classes of vertical motions, fixed (associated with vertically propagating gravity waves tied to flow over topography) and transient (associated primarily with vertical wind shear and conditional instability within passing weather systems), were diagnosed over the Payette River basin of Idaho during the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE). This paper compares vertical motions retrieved from airborne Doppler radial velocity measurements with those from a 900-m-resolution model simulation to determine the impact of transient vertical motions on trajectories of ice particles initiated by airborne cloud seeding. An orographic forcing index, developed to compare vertical motion fields retrieved from the radar with the model, showed that fixed vertical motions were well resolved by the model while transient vertical motions were not. Particle trajectories were calculated for 75 cross-sectional pairs, each differing only by the observed and modeled vertical motion field. Wind fields and particle terminal velocities were otherwise identical in both trajectories so that the impact of transient vertical circulations on particle trajectories could be isolated. In 66.7% of flight-leg pairs, the distance traveled by particles in the model and observations differed by less than 5 km with transient features having minimal impact. In 9.3% of the pairs, model and observation trajectories landed within the ideal target seeding elevation range (>2000 m), whereas, in 77.3% of the pairs, both trajectories landed below the ideal target elevation. Particles in the observations and model descended into valleys on the mountains’ lee sides in 94.2% of cases in which particles traveled less than 37 km.
A Generalized Density-Based Algorithm for the Spatiotemporal Tracking of Drought Events
Authors: Cammalleri C. , Toreti A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Drought events evolve simultaneously in space and time; hence, a proper characterization of an event requires the tracking of its full spatiotemporal evolution. Here we present a generalized algorithm for the tracking of drought events based on a three-dimensional application of the DBSCAN (density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) clustering approach. The need for a generalized and flexible algorithm is dictated by the absence of a unanimous consensus on the definition of a drought event, which often depends on the target of the study. The proposed methodology introduces a set of six parameters that control both the spatial and the temporal connectivity between cells under drought conditions, also accounting for the local intensity of the drought itself. The capability of the algorithm to adapt to different drought definitions is tested successfully over a study case in Australia in the period 2017–20 using a set of standardized precipitation index (SPI) data derived from the ERA5 precipitation reanalysis. Insights on the possible range of variability of the model parameters, as well as on their effects on the delineation of drought events, are provided for the case of meteorological droughts in order to incentivize further applications of the methodology.
The Tornado Probability Algorithm: A Probabilistic Machine Learning Tornadic Circulation Detection Algorithm
Authors: Sandmæl Thea N. , Smith Brandon R. , Reinhart Anthony E. , Schick Isaiah M. , Ake Marcus C. , Madden Jonathan G. , Steeves Rebecca B. , Williams Skylar S. , Elmore Kimberly L. , Meyer Tiffany C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A new probabilistic tornado detection algorithm was developed to potentially replace the operational tornado detection algorithm (TDA) for the WSR-88D radar network. The tornado probability algorithm (TORP) uses a random forest machine learning technique to estimate a probability of tornado occurrence based on single-radar data, and is trained on 166 145 data points derived from 0.5°-tilt radar data and storm reports from 2011 to 2016, of which 10.4% are tornadic. A variety of performance evaluation metrics show a generally good model performance for discriminating between tornadic and nontornadic points. When using a 50% probability threshold to decide whether the model is predicting a tornado or not, the probability of detection and false alarm ratio are 57% and 50%, respectively, showing high skill by several metrics and vastly outperforming the TDA. The model weaknesses include false alarms associated with poor-quality radial velocity data and greatly reduced performance when used in the western United States. Overall, TORP can provide real-time guidance for tornado warning decisions, which can increase forecaster confidence and encourage swift decision-making. It has the ability to condense a multitude of radar data into a concise object-based information readout that can be displayed in visualization software used by the National Weather Service, core partners, and researchers.

Significance Statement
This study describes the tornado probability algorithm (TORP) and its performance. Operational forecasters can use TORP as real-time guidance when issuing tornado warnings, causing increased confidence in warning decisions, which in turn can extend tornado warning lead times.
Exploring the interplay between fat talk, social media use and body image among young women: New opportunities for health education?
Authors: Kennedy Lynne , Preston Grace , Kenny Ursula 
Published: January 2023

Background: ‘Fat Talk’, or the act of negatively discussing one’s own or another person’s body, is linked to body image constructs, body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and disordered eating. The spaces in which young women talk about the body are changing, as social media use escalates. Understanding the interplay between social media use, body image and fat talk, in different contexts, is needed. Method: Focus group interviews were used to explore how young women (aged 15–19) experience fat talk while using social media and the possible effect on body image constructs. Using purposive convenience sampling, young women who regularly used social media and were living in an inner city of England were recruited. Thematic analysis was used for analysis and six themes were identified, both a priori and inductively, to explore the interplay between them. Findings: Over 35 women were successfully recruited into the study, with 18 of these finally participating in focus group interviews. Among participants, social media use was linked to increased self-evaluation of the body, engagement in social comparative behaviour and negative self-talk about the body. Although fat talk was reportedly common and widespread, it was unacceptable in the online space. However, body talk, other than size or shape, was permissible. Conclusion: Fat talk can be divisive; however, if it becomes unacceptable in the online space, negative self-talk may increase. If fat talk is replaced by an all-encompassing ‘body talk’, then this too may exacerbate existing pressures on young people and their mental health and well-being. Understanding the relationship between social media, body dissatisfaction and body talk may provide new opportunities for health education to promote a more constructive prevention discourse of the body, including body talk, in or around the online space.
Expectations of caregivers of persons with severe mental illness from mental health rehabilitation services: A qualitative study
Authors: Singh Daljit , Tyagi Shikha , Malhotra Nidhi 
Published: January 2023

Background: Mental health rehabilitation services (MHRS) play an essential role in addressing the diverse and often complex needs of persons with severe mental illness (SMI). The rehabilitation services are of utmost importance in training these patients to lead an independent and meaningful life. In India, caregivers of persons with SMI play a significant role in the decision-making process concerning treatment and rehabilitation. Aim: The main objective of the present study was to understand and analyze the expectations of caregivers of persons with severe mental illness from mental health rehabilitation services in the Indian context. Method: The present study is qualitative in nature. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to capture the caregivers’ expectations. Fifteen caregivers who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed for the study. The data obtained was analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase data analysis framework. Results: Thematic analysis of the data emerged into five themes, namely (1) ‘proximity’, (2) ‘professionalism of staff’, (3) ‘treatment related expectations’, (4) ‘welfare benefits’, and (5) ‘infrastructure’. These themes and their sub-themes were subsequently discussed in the light of existing literature. Conclusion: Caregivers of persons with SMI identified the most relevant as well as generic expectations from MHRS. Understanding these expectations can help improvise the existing services delivery system and help institutes, non-government organizations (NGOs) and other concerned entities working in mental health rehabilitation to develop service user friendly rehabilitation models.
Role of serotonin in modulation of decision-making in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nobis Lisa , Maio Maria Raquel , Saleh Youssuf , Manohar Sanjay , Kienast Annika , McGann Emily , Husain Masud 
Published: January 2023

Background: Dysfunction of dopaminergic pathways has been considered to play a pivotal role in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting the processing of emotional and rewarding information, and potentially leading to symptoms of depression or apathy. However, some aspects of motivation in PD might be affected by non-dopaminergic mechanisms. Aim and method: The objective of this experimental medicine study was to investigate the contribution of serotonergic modulation via administration of citalopram (20 mg) for 7 days on motivated decision-making in twenty PD patients, measured using several different computerised tasks and clinical questionnaires that probe different aspects of decision-making. Twenty healthy controls were additionally tested without medication to assess any baseline differences between the two groups. Results: Results indicated that PD patients were overall less motivated than controls on an effort- and reward-based decision-making task. Citalopram increased or decreased willingness to exert effort for reward, depending on whether baseline motivation was high or low, respectively. A task assessing decision-making under risk revealed higher levels of risk aversion for potential losses in PD patients, which neither serotonin nor the patient’s regular dopaminergic medication seemed to restore. However, citalopram in PD was associated with more risk-seeking choices for gains, although patients and controls did not differ on this at baseline. Conclusion: The results provide evidence for a role of the serotonergic system in influencing some aspects of motivated decision-making in PD processes.
Screening and verification of genes related to polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Li Xuebing , Wang Chunxia , Yang Heng , Pei Dongxu , Liu Yuchun , Yan Sha , Li Yongwei 
Published: January 2023

Objective To identify key genes involved in occurrence and development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods By downloading the GSE85932 dataset from the GEO database, we used bioinformatical analysis to analyse differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from blood samples of eight women with PCOS and eight matched controls. Following bioinformatic analysis, we performed a cross-sectional study of serum samples taken from 79 women with PCOS and 36 healthy controls. Results From the 178 DEGs identified by bioinformatical analysis, 15 genes were identified as significant, and of these, ORM1 and ORM2 were selected for further verification as potential biomarkers for PCOS. Serum ORM1 and ORM2 levels were significantly increased in women with PCOS, and had a high diagnostic value. ORM1 and ORM2 were positively correlated with testosterone, cholesterol, and triglycerides. ORM1 levels were negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) while ORM2 levels showed no significant correlation. Conclusions ORM may be an effective biomarker for the diagnosis of PCOS and its monitoring may be a useful therapeutic strategy.
Visuoconstructional Abilities of Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Knechtl Paula , Lehrner Johann 
Published: January 2023

Background Via the Vienna Visuoconstructional Test 3.0 (VVT 3.0) delayed recall we combined the assessment of visuoconstructive abilities and memory and investigated the test’s potential to support diagnostic processes, including staging and the elaboration of a cognitive profile. Methods We retrospectively analysed the data of 368 patients of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, between 04/2014 and 10/2020 that had performed the VVT 3.0. Our sample involved 70 healthy controls (HC), 29 patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 154 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 115 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated the differences in the VVT 3.0 scores, as well as the VVT’s ability to differentiate between AD and nonAD by calculating receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves, ideal cut-offs and a logistic regression model. Results Results stated that the VVT 3.0 delayed recall scores were able to differentiate between all diagnostic groups, respectively, except HC-SCD and SCD-MCI. The ROC analyses determined an AUC of 0.890, 95% CI [0.855; 0.925], P < .001, and the ideal cut-off at 29.5 points that maximised sensitivity at 0.896 and specificity at 0.81. The logistic regression model classified 83.4% of AD patients correctly and delivered a significant Cohen’s Kappa of 0.619 (P < .001). Conclusion As the VVT 3.0 revealed satisfactory values of diagnostic accuracy in our sample, it could enrich clinical diagnosing. However, for more clarity about its informative value in other populations, there remains a need for future studies with other samples.
Prevalence and determinants of heterosexual anal-intercourse among female sex workers in India: Findings from nationwide cross-sectional biological and behavioural survey
Authors: Haldar Partha , Kumar Pradeep , Rai Sanjay , Kant Shashi , Raj Yujwal , Reddy Chandrasekhar , Rajan Shobini , Pandey Arvind , Venkatesh S , Goswami Kiran , Misra Puneet 
Published: January 2023

Background The vulnerability of female sex workers (FSWs) to HIV infection increases if unprotected heterosexual anal intercourse (HAI) is practiced. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of HAI among FSWs, and associated factors, and prevalence of consistent condom use (CCU) during HAI and associated factors. Methods Analysis of cross-sectional data from nationwide biological and behavioural survey, conducted at 73 randomly selected domains with sample size of 27,000 in India. Results A total of 25,932 FSWs were included in the analysis, after excluding 1075 (3.9%) FSWs for which the data were incomplete. The prevalence of HAI was 29.9% (95% CI, 29.3, 30.4); The CCU during HAI in the last one month was 58.9%. Younger age at the start of sex work, use of mobile phone/internet for soliciting client, home as a place of sex work, consumption of alcohol/drug, and physical violence against FSWs were associated with higher odds of HAI. Frequent contact with outreach workers, awareness of sexually transmitted infection, and older age at the start of sex work was associated with CCU. Conclusion Prevalence of HAI was high among FSW in India. The national program could target those factors that reduce the odds of HAI and/or promote CCU.