bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of hyperprolactinemia, Subclinical hypothyroidism with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and infertility
Authors: Badawei Asha Abu Baker , ALakkad Ashraf , Murad Rania 
Published: March 2023

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hyperandrogenic condition characterized by polycystic ovarian morphology and chronic oligo-anovulation. When it is combines with hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia, this condition can have severe consequences, may even lead to infertility.
Case Presentation: This case study illustrates the complexity of PCOS and the significance of a multidisciplinary approach to its diagnosis and therapy. The patient is a 24-year-old non diabetic nonsmoker female with PCOS who has been attempting to conceive for seven years. The patient presented to the hospital with irregular menstrual cycles and a desire to become pregnant. The patient had previously been unsuccessfully treated with Clomid and letrozole. The patient's BMI was determined to be 23. 3 and a pelvic scan indicated PCO ovaries. Laboratory results revealed hyperprolactinemia (53 ng/ml) and subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 12.6 uIU/ml, T4 0.54 ng/dL- TPO antibodies:187 IU/mL, Anti thyroglobulin antibodies 235 IU/mL), but a pituitary gland MRI was normal. Thyroid US features going with Hashimoto thyroiditis. The patient's PCOS symptoms were initially managed with metformin and Duphaston, and then Cabergoline was introduced to address hyperprolactinemia. The patient became pregnant shortly following hyperprolactinemia medication. Prenatal screenings revealed elevated fasting glucose levels and gestational diabetes. The patient's blood sugar was initially controlled by Metformin, but she later required multiple insulin doses to maintain control. The patient was scheduled for induction of labor at 38 weeks, but a lower segment emergency cesarean surgery was performed due to fetal distress.
Conclusion: Regular monitoring and management of both PCOS and related conditions such as hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia are crucial to ensure the best outcome for the patient. Additionally, we suggest Metformin, Duphaston, Cabergoline to treat PCOS patient having subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia.
Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, gestational diabetes.
Detection of C677T, rs75582903 and SNV64878785 in Methylenetetra hydrofolate Reductase Gene (MTHFR) in Meningioma among Sudanese patients
Authors: Rhoma Aisha Ali , Mohammed Bahja Abdu , Alfatih Doha Mohammed , Ebraheem Fadwa Mohammed , Ebrahim Fatma Zein Elabdeen , Abuzied Mohammed Abdulelah , Adam Omer Alsayed Albasheer , Aldeaf Sawsan Ahmed , Gassoum Elsadig 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Meningiomas are commonly benign tumors come from the arachnoid cap cells, and the incidence is account 6 cases per 1000000 of population per year or even much higher in African countries, in Sudan during the period May 2005-May 2012 a total of 405 patients were operated upon and diagnosed as having cranial meningioma, regarding the etiologies of meningiomas are not yet known; it may be related to radiation exposure, genetic disorders (Neurofibromatosis type2), hormonal imbalance (progesterone) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Aims of the study: This study aimed to amplify MTHFR gene in specific region using PCR, and to detect C677T, rs755829023 and SNV64878785 of MTHFR gene in meningioma among Sudanese patients.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the National Center for Neurological Sciences between May to August 2022, Khartoum Sudan, all meningioma patients attending the national center of neurological sciences during the period of the study was included. Demographic variables were included (age and gender), and the clinical data included (meningioma histology subtype and WHO grading), tissue and blood samples were collected, DNA extraction from the tissue and blood samples was done, polymerase chain reaction was made to amplify specific region of MTHFR gene. PCR products were sent for Sanger sequencing to Macrogen Europe Laboratory. Data was collected and analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19, and sequencing was analyzed using, BioEdit and Mutation taster.
Results: In this study the most affected age group was 41-50 years, female was the most common, WHO grade I meningioma constituted 70% of the cases mostly the fibrous subtype. C>T (g.10369 C>T) was detected in 100% of the cases and deletion C (g.10380-10380delC) was detected only in the cases 16.6%.
Conclusion: In this study, female was the most common 11(55%) with male to female ratio 1:2, the most affected age group was ranging from 41-50 years constituted 35%, WHO grade I meningioma was detected in 70% of the patients. C>T (g.10369 C>T) was detected in 100% of the cases and deletion C (g.10380-10380delC) was detected only in the cases 16.6%.
Exploration of drug addiction prevalence among young generation of Pabna district, Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Ashish Kumar , Raju Fazlay Rabby , Sultana Mst. Prianka , Milon Mohammad Mostafa Mohsin , Akter Sumiya 
Published: March 2023

Drug addiction has spread at a frightening rate in the whole world, especially in the South Asian countries such as Bangladesh which needs to be analyzed, discussed and eradicated. This present survey based study was conducted with an aim to discover the scenery of drug addiction in northern region of Bangladesh. Researchers also uncovered the factors, problems and effects of drug addiction, age of first drug used, source of money to buy drugs and effective measures to prevent this problem etc. Total 600 youngsters from Pabna, a northern part of Bangladesh were directly interviewed by using self-construct questionnaire. Age range of the participants was between 12 and 35. Result showed, low income participants were highly addicted (58.62%) and family problems (43.93%) were the most prevalent cause of addiction. Participants involved in sports had lower drug addiction propensity (36.38%). Addicted young consumed more nicotine (95.04%), alcohol (63.93%) and marijuana (44.28%). Among addicts, youngs started using drugs mostly between 15 to 18 years age. Parent’s income (42%) was the prime source of money to buy drugs and 91% of addicted young faced complications. Counseling (71.2%) and systematic penalty (66.4%) were the best preventive measures for drug addiction. The young generations of Bangladesh are cankering their crucial youth time in addiction and they should be rescued by counseling, monitoring and treating them with care and affection from the parents, society and government.
Keywords: Drug Addiction, Survey, Young People, Pabna, Bangladesh
Nanocatalyzed Synthetic Approach for the Quinazolinone and Quinazoline Derivatives: A Review (2015 – Present)
Authors: Vishwakarma Lav Kush Kumar , Kashaw Varsha 
Published: March 2023

Due to their diverse chemical reactivities and essential range of biological action, quinazolines and their derivatives rank among the most significant heterocyclic compounds. Quinazoline and quinazolinone scaffolds pharmacological properties have sparked medicinal chemists' interest in creating original medications or drug candidates. The growth of quinazoline hybrid lead compounds and the related heterocycles is summarised in the current review of medicinal chemistry. Additionally, by shedding light on the potential significance of these hybridised pharmacophoric characteristics in the demonstrating a range of pharmacological activities, the review contributes to the acceleration of the drug development process.
Keywords: Fused Heterocycles, Quinazolinone and Quinazoline Derivatives, Drug Development
Pharmacological Potentials of Omega 3 Fatty Acid in Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Verma Kapil Kumar , Choudhary Akshay , Kumar Inder , Happy , 
Published: March 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia in the general population with a prevalence that reaches one third of patients with arterial hypertension, diabetic and other risk factors. In atrial fibrillation, the regular impulses produced by the sinus node for a normal heart beat are overwhelmed by rapid electrical discharges produced in the atria and adjacent parts of the pulmonary veins. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are permanent subjects of interest in relation to the protection of cardiovascular health and the prevention of the incidence of both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. It has been proposed that Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid possess anti-inflammatory properties that can inhibit arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Potential Targets of Omega-3 PUFAs Relevant to Arrhythmias Prevention are direct inhibition of sarcolemmal ion channels & restoring cardiac connexion channels. Intake of omega-3 fatty acids significantly prevents the occurrence of AF. The purpose of this review is to focus on the novel cellular and molecular effects of omega-3 PUFAs, in the context of the mechanisms and factors involved in the development of atrial fibrillation.
Keywords: Eicosapentaenoic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid, Atrial Fibrillation, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Arrhythmias.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Pack
Authors: Sandanshiv Swarali Yuvraj , Patil Sonali Ravindra , Wagh Vijay Dhondiran , Shinde Pooja Arjun , Mali Rohit Pradip 
Published: March 2023

Majority of the cosmetic products available in market are of synthetic origin and causes numerous side effects when used for longer period of time. One of the solutions for this problem is use of herbal cosmetics. Herbal cosmetics are considered safe for routine use with minimal side effects. Acne, redness, wrinkles, dark circles, pimples, dry and dead skin is some of the major skin issues. All these problems can be minimized by using herbal cosmetics such as face pack, scrub, cream, etc. Present work focused on preparation of powder based herbal face pack using natural ingredient like orange peel, neem, tulsi, sandalwood, rose oil, etc. Orange peel was used as core ingredient for its ability to reduce acne, wrinkle and also to control excessive secretion of oil is known as natural or herbal cosmetics. Formulation was evaluated for its appearance, spreadability, smoothness, irritability, pH etc. from the results obtained from evaluation parameters, it can be concluded that the prepared face pack can be safely used.
Keywords: herbal cosmetics, scrub, softening, cleansing, moisturizing and fairness
Comparisons between Hydro and Steam Distillation Processes to Extract Prunella Vulgaris Volatile Compounds, and their Anti-oxidative Activities
Authors: MAK William Chi Keung 
Published: March 2023

Objective The aim is to verify our earlier suggestion which accounted for the dynamics of volatile compounds extraction from the herb Prunella vulgaris (PV) using steam distillation. Then, the anti-oxidative property of PV is explored.
Methods Because we suggested earlier that the inefficient extraction using steam distillation was due to the obstruction of a mass of herb in the steam flow path, we used hydro distillation which tried to eliminate this obstacle. We used GC-MS to characterize the volatile compounds extracted, and thus compare the extraction efficiency. Then, treating the cancer cells from the SCC154 cell-line with the distillate, the cancer cell cytotoxicity was assessed using the colorimetric test reagent, the Cell Counting Kit-8. To assess the anti-oxidative activity of the PV distillate, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used.
Results We successfully showed that the removal of the obstacle, formed by the mass of herb in the steam flow path, enhanced the efficiency of volatile compound extraction. Also, we showed that the PV distillate did not exhibit anti-oxidative activity.
Conclusions Hydro distillation is a more efficient method than steam distillation to extract volatile compounds from the PV herb. However, mild heating did not provide sufficient energy to the convection of the boiling water to move the floating herb; the obstacle still existed and limited the efficiency of extraction also. For another issue of the antioxidant effect of the volatile compounds from PV, it was studied using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. It showed that the PV volatile compounds did not possess antioxidant property.
Keywords: Prunella vulgaris, Xia Ku Cao, Chinese Medicine, steam distillation, hydro distillation, anti-oxidative effect
Detection of Fungal Contamination of Ward Furnishing and Medical Equipment Used in intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Elsheikh Eslam Gadalla , Abuzied Mohammed Abdulelah , Moalim Nadar Bashir , Ali Abdelhakam Hassan 
Published: March 2023

Background: Nosocomial infections acquired during hospitalization depend on the characteristics of the microorganisms, with a high risk of being acquired when the contaminated environment. Cross-transmission of microorganisms by contaminated surfaces and the hands of health care workers are considered to be the main route of the spread of nosocomial infections.
Aim of study: This study aim to detect the fungal contamination of ward furnishings and medical equipment used in the intensive care unit and Neonatal intensive care unit.
Materials and Methods: Fifty environmental swabs were collected from ward furnishings and medical equipment including predefined surfaces (armrest beds, wash sinks, medical tables), between August and September 2021.Swab specimens were immediately inoculated onto plates that contained Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. After that samples were incubated for a 1 to 7 days period at 28°C and checked every day for growth.
Results: Out of fifty swabs samples, 21(42%) yielded Fungal growth. From these isolated organisms Penicillum species was the predominant isolate 10 (47.6%) followed byAspergillus flavus.Penicillum species was the commonest fungal isolates among ICU, while Aspergillus flavus were the predominant isolates among Neonatal ICU. The most contaminant Equipment was found in Neonatal ICU samples 5(55.6%), and the most contaminant Place in ICU was the floors 3(25%).
Conclusion: This study showed that ICU of the hospital may contain fungi indicating that may form potential source of cross-infection through health care workers to their patients.
Keywords: Fungi, Neonatal, ICU, and Infection.
Comparative Assessment of the Antiplasmodial Activity and Acute Toxicity of Schumanniophyton magnificum Good & Halle (Rubiaceae) Leaves, Trunk and Roots Methanolic Extracts
Authors: Mbosso Teinkela Jean Emmanuel , Essonkene Thérèse , Etame Loe Gisèle Marie Marguerite , Siwe Noundou Xavier , Bienvenu Tsakem , Okalla Cécile 
Published: March 2023

Background: Despite the various medicinal applications of Schumanniophyton magnificum, no comparative data are available to determine the part with best antiplasmodial activity and to guarantee its safety. This work deals with the evaluation of the antiplasmodial activity of methanolic extracts of S. magnificum organs as well as the study of acute toxicity of the most active part.
Materials and methods: The methanolic extracts of the leaves, stem bark, trunk wood, root wood and root bark, were obtained by maceration with 96% methanol. Phytochemical screening, based on precipitation and coloring reactions, to highlight the chemical groups present in the plant. The antiplasmodial test was ran against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strains while the study of the in vivo acute toxicity was conducted according to guideline 423 of the OECD protocol at a fixed dose on Wistar rats.
Results: Phytochemical screening of the methanol extracts of these plants organs revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins, anthraquinones, polyphenols, coumarins anthocyanins and flavonoids. The antiplasmodial activity showed that only the leaves exhibited a moderate antiplasmodial effect with IC50 of 30.77 µg/ml. An oral administration of the methanolic extract of the leaves did not induce an abnormal variation of the physiological parameters in female Wistar laboratory rats, at non-toxic doses of 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days.
Conclusion: The leaves of S. magnificum exhibited the best antimalarial activity and were non toxic, thus justifying the use of the plant in the treatment of malaria in traditional pharmacopoeia.
Keywords: Phytochemical screening, Antiplasmodial activity, Acute toxicity, Schumanniophyton magnificum, Medicinal plant.
The An Update on Pharmacological activities of herbal plant Cymbopogon citratus
Authors: Wadhwa Kritika , Malhotra Meenakshi , Kaur Harmanpreet , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal 
Published: March 2023

Herbs and other natural plant products have medical significance because of the phytochemical components in them that have specific physiological or pathological effects on the human body. Lemon grass, also known as citronella grass, is a member of the Poaceae family and is a member of the Cymbopogon genus. The word "Cymbopogon" is derived from the Greek word "Kymbe-Pogon," which means "boat-beard." In tropical nations, particularly in Southeast Asia, the herb Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf (lemon grass), is widely used. Due to the substantial amount of citral in its oil, this grass has a distinct lemon scent, which is one of its distinguishing characteristics. According to studies on its phytoconstituents, the herb contains tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, anthraquinones, alkaloids, deoxysugars, and a variety of essential oil constituents. The nutritional, therapeutic, and cosmetic properties of C. citratus have made it a widely consumed plant around the world. However, research indicates that other species might be useful pharmaceutically. Cymbopogon citratus is intensively studied for its pharmacological effects.
Keywords: Lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus, phytochemical, physiological, pathological, pharmacological effects.
A case report: Pre-gangrene left foot with COPD and hypertension
Authors: Patel Dhruviben , Patel Dhrupal , Parmar Dhruvi 
Published: March 2023

Pre-gangrene is the penultimate stage of vascular insufficiency before gangrene sets in; the term is usually applied to ischemia of lower limb. A male patient admitted with complains of severe foot pain, tenderness (2-3 months), and tingling & numbness. In a past medical history, he was suffering with hypertension (HTN) and COPD. He was taking amlodipine 5 mg tablet for HTN for daily basis. The X- ray finding shows that patients were suffering COPD. The patient is known case of COPD from last 3 year. After a diagnosis he has go through a surgery for left foot pre-gangrene (below knee amputation). During surgery general anesthetic and some post and pre-operative medication is given. During hospitalization patients taking various medications like antibiotic, bronchodilator and anti-hypertensive. Specifically in this patient amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid anti-biotic combination is used to treat gangrene.
Keywords: Hypertension, pre-gangrene, COPD, Antibiotic, bronchodilator.
A Stability Indicating Method was Developed and Validation for the Estimation of Carbamazepine in Bulk and Tablet Dosage form by UV-Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Ghosh Manmohan , Mondal Sumanta , Chakraborty Subhadip , Ghosh Nikita 
Published: March 2023

Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant. It works by decreasing nerve impulses that cause seizures and nerve pain, such as trigeminal neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy. It is well known that contemporary pharmaceutical analysis establishes robust, sensitive, economic, stability-indicating analytical procedures. The current study aimed to develop and assess UV-spectrophotometric (zero order, first order, second order, area under the curve) methods for estimating carbamazepine in its pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A is a simple zero-order spectrophotometric method for determining carbamazepine at 285 nm, and the correlation coefficient in the linearity study was found to be 0.9976, LOD, and LOQ are 0.45 and 1.48 µg/ml. Method B is a first-order spectrophotometric method for determining carbamazepine at 269 nm, and the correlation coefficient in the linearity study was found to be 0.9944, LOD, and LOQ are 0.29 and 0.96 µg/ml. Method C is a second-order spectrophotometric method for determining carbamazepine at 254 nm, and the correlation coefficient in the linearity study was found to be 1.00, LOD, and LOQ are 0.62 and 2.04 µg/ml. Method D is an area under the curve spectrophotometric method for determining carbamazepine at 266 to 300 nm, and the correlation coefficient in the linearity study was found to be 0.9975, LOD, and LOQ are 0.14 and 0.46 µg/ml. All developed methods demonstrated good repeatability and recovery with %RSD < 2. Studies on stress degradation show that oxidation and acid degradation mostly impact carbamazepine solutions.
Keywords: Carbamazepine, UV-spectrophotometric, Tegrital, Degradation study.
Pyrogallol is a key component for xanthine oxidase inhibition by the leaves of Ammannia baecifera
Authors: Habib Md. Rowshanul , Igarashi Yasuhiro , Zhou Tao , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: March 2023

Ammannia baecifera Linn is an important plant in traditional medication system of Bangladesh. In order to give the scientific clarification for using this plant in the treatment of gout, this study was designed to identify the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors present in the extract of Ammannia baecifera leaves along with evaluating its antioxidant effect. First aqueous extract was prepared from leaves and then water insoluble part (WIP) was separated from water soluble part (WSP) as precipitate with ethanol. In DPPH and ABTS assays, WSP with rich amount of phenolic compound exhibited high radical scavenging activity than WIP. WSP also showed potent XO inhibition with IC50: 18.03 ± 1.65 μg/mL value. Using different chromatographic techniques, the key XO inhibitor was isolated from WSP and identified as pyrogallol based on its different spectroscopic data. In XO inhibition assay, pyrogallol (IC50: 11.67 ± 0.45 μg/mL) showed potent inhibitory effect as compared to a known XO inhibitor (allopurinol; IC50 = 27.35 ± 1.15 μg/mL) and it also displayed strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging effect. In addition, an inhibition kinetics study indicated that WSP and pyrogallol are mixed competitive inhibitors of XO. The overall results suggest that the presence of pyrogallol as XO inhibitor and free radical scavenger in Ammannia baecifera leaf justifies the traditional uses of this plant.
Keywords: Ammannia baecifera, Leaves, Xanthine oxidase, Pyrogallol, Inhibitor