bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the Mystery of COVID‐19 Pathogenesis: Spike Protein and Cu Can Synergize to Trigger ROS Production
Authors: Katarzyna Lesiów Monika , Witwicki Maciej , Tan Nian Kee , Graziotto Marcus Edward , New Elizabeth Joy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on global health, highlighting the need to understand how the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus damages the lungs in order to develop effective treatments. Recent research has shown that patients with COVID‐19 experience severe oxidative damage to various biomolecules. We propose that the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection involves an interaction between copper ions and the virus‘s spike protein. We tested two peptide fragments, Ac‐ELDKYFKNH‐NH2 (L1) and Ac‐WSHPQFEK‐NH2 (L2), derived from the spike protein of the Wuhan strain and the β variant, respectively, and found that they bind Cu(II) ions and form a three‐nitrogen complexes at lung pH. Our research demonstrates that these complexes trigger the overproduction of ROS, which can break both DNA strands and transform DNA into its linear form. Using A549 cells, we demonstrated that ROS overproduction occurs in the mitochondria, not in the cytoplasm. Our findings highlight the importance of the interaction between copper ions and the virus‘s spike protein in the development of lung damage and may aid in the development of therapeutic procedures.
Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐2‐deoxy‐1,3‐dithioidoglycosides via Organocatalytic Relay Glycosylation of 3‐O‐Acetyl‐2‐nitrogalactals
Authors: Wan Yongyong , Deng Lei , Wang Liming , Tu Yuanhong , Liu Hui , Sun Jian‐song , Zhang Qingju 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummaryIdose‐type glycosides have numerous biological activities and have been widely used as anticoagulant drugs and anti‐infection drugs. Thioglycosides have enhanced stability for acid‐mediated or enzymatic hydrolysis, and have a wide range of applications in glycobiology and drug development. Herein, we describe an efficient method for site‐selective and stereoselective synthesis of potential bioactive 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐1,3‐dithioidoglycosides via organocatalysis sequential C3‐Ferrier rearrangement and Michael addition of 3‐O‐acetyl‐2‐nitrogalactals. Both stepwise and one‐pot protocols were carried out and work well. This unique thio‐glycosylation protocol highlighted the various advantages, including (i) mild reaction conditions; (ii) excellent site‐selectivity and stereoselectivity, good to excellent yields; (iii) broad substrate scopes; (iv) being atom‐economic and environmentally friendly; (v) the reactions can be scaled up.
Colorimetric Detection of Multiple Phenols Based on Multifunctional Fe3O4/SnS2 Composites
Authors: Han Libao , Wu Minghuo , Hu Yufeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhenols pose a great threat to human and environment due to their high toxicity and low bio‐degradability. Therefore, the development of a rapid and sensitive detection method for multiple phenols is of great importance. Here, a colorimetric detection method based on Fe3O4/SnS2 composites was established for the detection and discrimination of ten phenols for the first time. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of the photo catalyst SnS2 significantly improved the peroxidase‐like activity of Fe3O4, leading to an enhancing efficiency of the colorimetric detection method. The developed method was capable of detecting phenol within a concentration range of 0.5–2000 μM, with detection limit as low as 0.06 μM. This method was successfully applied to detect total phenols in samples obtained from two sewage treatment plants and seawater. Furthermore, by employing principal component analysis, the established colorimetric method enabled the simultaneous discrimination of all ten phenols. The performance was further evaluated by accurately identifying binary or ternary mixtures of phenols, and even identifying the type of phenol in 10 unknown samples containing one of the ten phenols. These findings highlight the potential of the Fe3O4/SnS2 composite as a promising candidate for the simultaneous detection of multiple phenols in liquid samples.
Lightweight and flexible hardware implementation of authenticated encryption algorithm SIMON‐Galois/Counter Mode
Authors: Cheng Xin , Xu Yixuan , Wang Kefan , Zhang Yongqiang , Li Bin , Zhang Zhang 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis brief proposes a new lightweight authenticated encryption algorithm SIMON‐GCM for Internet of Things (IoT) security, which realizes the combination of SIMON block cipher and Galois/Counter Mode (GCM). The designed SIMON circuit supports 128/192/256‐bit key size, which improves the flexibility and enlarges the range of applications. Moreover, the scheme of 32‐cycle Galois field (GF) multiplier in GF(2128) is adopted to effectively reduce the hardware cost of the Galois Hash (GHASH) function in GCM. At the same time, a finite state machine (FSM) is used to run the SIMON and GHASH modules in parallel, thus shortening the authenticated encryption time. The whole circuit is designed and implemented in field programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms. It is measured to yield a throughput of 32.4 Gbps when consuming 331 slices in Artix‐7. Compared with the existing authenticated encryption algorithms, the proposed algorithm achieves lower resource consumption and better flexibility.
Clusterin is closely associated with adipose tissue insulin resistance
Authors: Wang Yansu , Yu Haoyong , Ma Xiaojing , Wang Yufei , Liu Weijie , Zhang Hongwei , Chen Wei , Yu Song , Bao Yuqian , Yang Ying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsClusterin (encoded by CLU) is a novel adipokine. Serum clusterin levels were elevated in populations with obesity and diabetes. Adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo‐IR) is proposed as an early metabolic defect that precedes systemic insulin resistance. Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum clusterin levels and Adipo‐IR. CLU expression in human abdominal adipose tissues and clusterin secretion in human adipocytes was also explored.Materials and MethodsA total of 201 participants (aged 18–62 years, 139 of whom were obese) were recruited. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum clusterin levels. Adipo‐IR was calculated from the product of fasting free fatty acids and fasting insulin levels. Transcriptome sequencing of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was performed. Human adipocytes were used to detect the secretion of clusterin.ResultsSerum clusterin levels were independently associated with Adipo‐IR after adjusting for several confounding factors (standardised β = 0.165, p = 0.021). CLU expression in VAT and SAT was associated with obesity‐related metabolic risk factors. Higher CLU expression in VAT was accompanied by an increase in collagen accumulation. Clusterin secretion in differentiated human adipocytes was stimulated by insulin and inhibited by rosiglitazone.ConclusionsClusterin is strongly associated with Adipo‐IR. Serum clusterin may function as an effective indicator of adipose tissue insulin resistance.
The structure of forest vegetation on industrial landfills of different ages
Authors: Gorozhanina Elena , Gura Dmitry , Sitkiewicz Patryk , Degtyarevskaya Tatyana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the research is to describe plant community formation on the quarry surfaces to determine a path for optimal revegetation. To achieve the goal, the studies determined soil pH, the content of skeletal fraction, basal respiration, and performed the acidimetric assessment of CO2. The research program aimed to investigate the peculiarities of plant communities' formation in areas with different degrees of revitalization and investigate the influence of soil cover on plant associations. Results showed that the average basal soil respiration rate on the quarry was extremely low (about 0.3 mg CO2/g of soil/h). The CO2 content in the carbonate ranged from 0.07% to 0.7%, with the higher figures observed in older Kuzbass rather than Mosbass and Sokolovsky quarries. An analysis of soil samples from three quarries revealed four plant groups at sites associated with the prevalence of specific fractions, such as gravel, sand, silt, and stony soil. Given that Kuzbass is the oldest open‐pit mine, forest vegetation species dominate here in the surveyed areas (>40%), and this feature is typical of gravel soils. The dominant species present on the gravel substrate were downy birch (Betula pubescens), common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), European oak (Quercus robur), Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), common juniper (Juniperus communis), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica), common pine (Pinus), and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica). Mosbass is also characterized by a diversity of similar species, though work on mineral mining there ended in 2009, more recently than in other sites. Stony and sandy soil fractions predominated in the Sokolovsky quarry, although other studied substrates were also present.
Heart transplantation and anti‐HLA antibodY: myocardial dysfunction and prognosis ‐ HeartLAy study
Authors: Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Natali Benedetta Maria , Righini Francesca Maria , Sorini Dini Carlotta , Landra Federico , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Sisti Nicolò , Menci Daniele , D'Errico Antonio , D'Ascenzi Flavio , Focardi Marta , Bernazzali Sonia , Maccherini Massimo , Valente Serafina , Cameli Matteo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsThe presence of anti‐human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies has been implicated in a higher incidence of complications as well as mortality rate in heart transplantation. The aim of the study was to identify through non‐invasive parameters early signs of myocardial dysfunction in the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies but without evidence of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) and its possible prognostic impact.Methods and resultsA total of 113 heart‐transplanted patients without acute cellular rejection (ACR) and AMR or cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) were prospectively enrolled and divided into two groups [‘HLA+’ (50 patients) and ‘HLA−’ (63 patients)], based on the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies. Each patient was followed for 2 years after the enrolment, recording episodes of AMR, ACR, CAV, and mortality. Clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups. Among laboratory data, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin values were significantly higher in the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). The echocardiographic parameters that showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups were deceleration time of E wave (DecT E, P < 0.001), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (P < 0.001), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (P = 0.011), tricuspid S′ wave (P = 0.002), and free wall right ventricular longitudinal strain (fwRVLS, P = 0.027), whereas left atrial strain did not differ significantly (P = 0.408). Univariate analysis showed that anti‐HLA antibodies were associated with the development of CAV at both 1 and 2 year follow‐up [odds ratio (OR) 11.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–90.79, P = 0.022 and OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.78–9.67, P = 0.024, respectively]. Bivariate analysis demonstrated that both fwRVLS and DecT E were predictors of CAV development independently from HLA status.ConclusionsThe presence of circulating anti‐HLA antibodies is correlated with a mild cardiac dysfunction, even in the absence of AMR, and CAV development. Interestingly, reduced values of DecT E and fwRVLS were predictors of future development of CAV, independently from anti‐HLA antibody.
Serum a‐1 antitrypsin as a novel biomarker in chronic heart failure
Authors: Zheng Ying‐Ying , Wu Ting‐Ting , Hou Xian‐Geng , Yang Hai‐Tao , Yang Yi , Xiu Wen‐Juan , Pan Ying , Ma Yi‐Tong , Mahemuti Ailiman , Xie Xiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsChronic heart failure (CHF) remains a major health issue worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel circulating biomarkers for CHF using serum proteomics technology and to validate the biomarker in three independent cohorts.Methods and resultsThe isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation technology was utilized to identify the potential biomarkers of CHF. The validation was conducted in three independent cohort. Cohort A included 223 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and 321 patients with ischaemic heart failure (IHF) from the CORFCHD‐PCI study. Cohort B recruited 817 patients with IHD and 1139 patients with IHF from the PRACTICE study. Cohort C enrolled 559 non‐ischaemic heart disease patients with CHF (n = 316) or without CHF (n = 243). We found the expression of a‐1 antitrypsin (AAT) was elevated significantly in patients with CHF compared with that in the patients with stable IHD using statistical and bioinformatics analyses. In a validation study, there was a significant difference between patients with stable IHD and patients with IHF in AAT concentration either in cohort A (1.35 ± 0.40 vs. 1.64 ± 0.56, P < 0.001) or in cohort B (1.37 ± 0.42 vs. 1.70 ± 0.48, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66 to 0.74, P < 0.001] in cohort A and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.76, P < 0.001) in cohort B. Furthermore, AAT was negative correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = −0.261, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders using a multivariate logistic regression analysis, AAT remained an independent association with CHF in both cohort A (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.667 to 5.90, P < 0.001) and cohort B (OR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.97 to 5.65, P < 0.001). This association was also validated in cohort C (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.38, P = 0.043).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that serum AAT is a reliable biomarker for CHF in a Chinese population.
NO Reactions Inside Crystals
Authors: Sondrup Møller Mads , Petrunin Victor , Mossin Susanne , McKee Vickie , McKenzie Christine J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReactions of chemisorbed reagents inside the crystalline molecular solid state are rare but offer unexploited methods for selective solvent‐free chemical synthesis. Here we show that the greenhouse gas precursor, nitric oxide (NO) is chemisorbed by crystals of the hexafluorophosphate salts of complexes containing dicobalt sites. On NO sorption a cascade of reactions results in the in‐crystal synthesis of nitrite and other gaseous NOx. Recrystallization enabled structural elucidation of the mixed valent {[(bpbp)Co2(μ‐(η1‐O : η1‐N)‐ONO)]2(bdc)}4+ (bpbp=2,6‐bis(N,N‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl)‐4‐tert‐butylphenolato, bdc=1,4‐benzenedicarboxylato) cation. Overlapping signals in the solid‐state EPR spectra confirm the CoIICoIII oxidation state and the presence of NO2 trapped inside the unrecrystallised solid products (br. g=4, triplet g=2 (340 mT), A(N)=73 MHz), despite three cycles of vacuum and N2 flushing. Consistently, νN−O bands appear in the Raman and IR spectra that are due to the coordinated nitrate and the trapped NO2 that were synthesized in‐crystal. The latter is expelled by heating the solid to 160 °C or by recrystallization. Dimetallic cooperativity is proposed for the NO transformations in these rare examples of selective, chemisorptive substrate reactions in the solid‐state.
Luminescent Copper(I)‐Complexes with an Anionic NHC obtained via a Coordination Polymer as Versatile Precursor**
Authors: Schmeinck Philipp , Sretenović Dragana , Guhl Jasper , Kühnemuth Ralf , Seidel Claus A. M. , Marian Christel M. , Suta Markus , Ganter Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe anionic diamido N‐heterocyclic carbene 1 is used to prepare a series of linear as well as trigonal, heteroleptic CuI complexes with small molecular ligands such as pyridine derivatives or triphenylphosphine. A key role lies in the versatile precursor for these complexes, a moisture‐ and air‐stable 1D coordination polymer [1 ⋅ Cu]n composed of only the NHC ligand and CuI, such that the copper is linearly coordinated by the carbene carbon atom and one oxygen atom of the backbone of the carbene. This polymer can easily be cleaved into monomeric complexes by addition of the desired ligand to dispersions of the polymer in dichloromethane. In solution, the complexes are in equilibrium with this highly insoluble polymer and free ligand. Thus, analytical and spectroscopical experiments with the compounds are limited to their crystalline state, characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments. Some of the complexes exhibit visible luminescence in the solid state upon irradiation with ultraviolet light. The spectral features (emission wavelength, Stokes shift, width of the emission band, vibrational fine structure) significantly differ among the complexes. Quantum mechanical computations reveal a subtle interplay of several factors such as coordination number and charge transfer character of the emissive state.
Epileptic seizures worsen the gait and motor abnormalities in adult patients with Dravet syndrome (with a case report and literature review)
Authors: Du Xiaoping , Lian Shizhong , Sun Meizhen , Li Ruilong , Wang Huifang , Yang Xiaoping , Wang Huifen , Zhang Xiaobin , Wang Fengpeng , Yao Yi , Guo Junhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDravet syndrome (DS), previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI), is considered the most serious “epileptic encephalopathy.” Here, we present a man with a de novo SCN1A mutation who was diagnosed with DS at the age of 29. In addition to pharmaco‐resistant seizures and cognitive delay, he also developed moderate to severe motor and gait problems, such as crouching gait and Pisa syndrome. Moreover, it deteriorated significantly following an epileptic seizure. The patient presented with severe flexion of the head and trunk in the sagittal plane and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for camptocormia and antecollis. After a week, it spontaneously alleviated partially. We applied levodopa to the patient and had a good response. Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) was assessed at three different times: 4 days after the seizure, 1 week after the seizure, and after taking levodopa for 2 years. The results were 4, 12, and 19 points, respectively. We postulated that: (1) gait and motor deficits are somehow influenced by recurrent epileptic episodes;(2) the nigrostriatal dopamine system is involved. To our knowledge, we were the ones who first reported this phenomenon.
Seismic reliability of Italian code‐conforming bridges
Authors: Franchin Paolo , Baltzopoulos Georgios , Biondini Fabio , Callisto Luigi , Capacci Luca , Carbonari Sandro , Cardone Donatello , Dall'Asta Andrea , Flora Amedeo , Gorini Davide Noè , Marchi Andrea , Noto Fabrizio , Perrone Giuseppe , Iervolino Iunio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeismic reliability assessment of selected bridge structures code‐conforming with respect to the current Italian practice is carried out. Two viaducts, tall and shallow, and two highway overpasses, with traditional seat‐type or integral abutments, are considered. Each structure is ideally placed at three reference sites, that is, Milan, Naples and L'Aquila, characterised by low, moderate and high seismic hazard, respectively. At each site, a soil profile representative of typical local conditions is defined for foundation design, site response analysis and soil‐structure interaction modelling. Probabilistic seismic hazard is used in conjunction with multiple‐stripe non‐linear dynamic analysis, featuring conditional‐spectrum compatible ground motions, to establish the failure rate with respect to two purposely defined and functionality‐related performance levels. It is confirmed the decreasing seismic reliability with increasing design seismic action, already observed for other structural types, and it is shown that integral abutment overpasses tend to be more reliable than traditional ones, even seismically isolated ones. The results are of larger interest given the closeness of the Italian code to the Eurocode.
Linguistic embodiment in typical and atypical anorexia nervosa: Evidence from an image‐word matching task
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Dal Brun David , Collantoni Enrico , Meregalli Valentina , Todisco Patrizia , Favaro Angela , Tenconi Elena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe integration of sensory, motor, and cognitive systems is embodied cognition, according to which mind and body are not separate and distinct, and our body (and our brain, as part of the body) contributes to determining our mental and cognitive processes. In spite of limited data available, Anorexia nervosa (AN) appears as a condition in which embodied cognition is altered, in particular, if we consider bodily sensations and visuospatial information processing. We aimed to evaluate the ability to correctly identify body parts and actions in both full (AN) and atypical AN (AAN), looking at the role of the underweight status.MethodA group of 143 females (AN = 45, AAN = 43, unaffected women = 55) was enrolled. All participants performed a linguistic embodied task to evaluate the association between a picture—showing a bodily action—and a written verb. Additionally, a subsample of 24 AN participants performed a retest after stable weight recovery.ResultsBoth AN and AAN demonstrated an abnormal ability to evaluate the picture‐written verb associations, especially if the involved bodily effectors were the same in both stimuli (i.e., pictorial and verbal) and needed a longer response time.ConclusionsSpecific embodied cognition linked to body schema seems to be impaired in persons with AN. The longitudinal analysis showed a difference between AN and AAN only in the underweight condition, suggesting the presence of an abnormal linguistic embodiment. More attention should be devoted to embodiment during AN treatment to improve bodily cognition, which might, in turn, diminish body misperception.
Power efficient stochastic modeling for Narrowband Internet of Things devices in 5G networks
Authors: Mittal Nikita , Jain Vidyottama , Dharmaraja S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNarrowband Internet of Things (NB‐IoT) embodies the vision of connecting virtually anything with everything and aims to support a massive number of devices for small data transmission. However, an efficient power‐saving model for battery‐operated NB‐IoT devices is the need of the hour. In addition to the legacy discontinuous reception (DRX) scheme, efficient beamforming helps in saving device power. Moreover, the extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) mode and Power Saving Mode (PSM) in Radio Resource Control (RRC) idle mode enhances the effect of sleep while no data is available for the device to serve. In this work, power‐saving techniques for NB‐IoT devices are studied via stochastic modeling. This work proposes a semi‐Markov model (SMM) for beam measurement and beamforming‐based DRX mechanism, in RRC modes. The steady‐state probabilities for the SMM are calculated using the two‐stage method. The numerical results show the effective contribution of efficient beamforming, eDRX state and PSM state in enhancing the power saving of NB‐IoT devices.