bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy cold-spray coatings
Authors: Zhang Zichang , Wang Renquan , Liu Ying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cold Spray (CS) exhibit unique features due to the low temperatures involved. However, the CS coating are harder than the corresponding powders and bulk alloys, which results in a low toughness and then greatly limits the application of CS. To overcome this shortage, preheat treatment of powder and post-heat treatment of CS coating are applied to improve the performance of cold-sprayed 7075 aluminum alloy coatings in this work. With increasing temperatures of post-heat treatment, the tensile strength of the coatings increased from 228 MPa to 309 MPa with elongation of 2.46%. Microstructure analysis of the heat-treated coatings revealed that the improvement in mechanical properties was primarily due to an increase in the secondary phase. Accordingly, 7075 aluminum alloy powder was preheat treated at 200 °C and then used for cold spraying, which resulted in improved mechanical properties in the resultant coatings exhibiting a tensile strength of 302 MPa and an elongation of 3.87%. These findings provide valuable insights into the practical application of cold-spraying technology in the aviation field.
Research on influence of grain boundaries on the mechanical properties of 460 MPa refractory steel used for high-strength building structures
Authors: Wu Hong-Yu , Cong Jing-Hua , Liu Qi , Zhao Jing-Xiao , Wang Zhi-Quan , Wang Xue-Min , Liu Peng-Cheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the microstructure of Mo-type seismic refractory steel for building g, as well as different boundary densities and boundary ratios, are combined with elevated-temperature mechanical properties analysis to explore the laws of boundary for high-temperature performance. The results show that salt water cooling (SWC) and water cooling (WC) can obtain lath bainite with a higher content, and oil cooling (OC) with a lower cooling rate can obtain the microstructure of multiphase bainite + bulk ferrite. The boundary characterization results show that when the sample contains more high angle grain boundaries (Block and High-Packet boundaries), and the dislocation density is high, it can make it have better mechanical properties at room temperature. When the content of low angle boundary and low interfacial energy twin boundary (Σ3 boundary, which is mainly composed of V1/V2 variant pair) is high, it will have better microstructure stability after high temperature tempering, and the boundary density and dislocation density will decrease slightly, ensuring that it has better refractory performance.
Kei-apple-mediated NiO nanoparticles and biological studies: anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity study against HeLa and HEK 293 cell lines
Authors: Adeyemi Jerry O 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles are gaining popularity in multiple fields owing to their useful properties. The application in biomedicine has been further enhanced by combining them with plant extracts that possess unique biological properties. In this report, NiO nanoparticles were synthesized by mediating the reaction process with the leaf extracts of Kei-apple (Dovyallis Caffra), a local fruit tree found in South Africa. Various characterization techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), V–Vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) were employed to establish the different physicochemical properties of the prepared NiO material. The XRD report obtained confirmed the formation of NiO nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 9 mm. Furthermore, the microscopic techniques showed that the material possessed a spherical-shaped structure, with diameter sizes smaller than 27.18 nm (average size of about 11 nm). The purity of the material was shown in the EDX analysis, in which the primary composition was only the elemental constituents of the NiO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles exhibited good cytotoxicity comparable to the 5-Fluorouracil in both the Human embryo kidney (HEK 293) and Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.00015 and 13.8 μg ml−1, respectively. The anti-inflammatory study, on the other hand, exhibited a weak anti-inflammatory effect in the used Bovine serum albumin denaturation assay. The finding here thus suggests that the Kei-apple mediated NiO nanoparticles can be safely used in different fields without causing any appreciable harm to the human body due to the specificity to the cancerous cell line and the observed weak viability in the used non-cancerous embryonic kidney cells.
Introducing radiomics model to predict active plaque in multiple sclerosis patients using magnetic resonance images
Authors: Khajetash Benyamin , Talebi Amin , Bagherpour Zahra , Abbaspour Samira , Tavakoli Meysam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common non-traumatic disabling disease in young people. The prediction active plaque has the potential to offer new biomarkers for assessing the activity of MS disease. Consequently it supports patient management in the clinical setting and trials. This study aims to investigate the predictive capability of radiomics features for identifying active plaques in these patients using T2 FLAIR (Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery) images. For this purpose, a dataset images from 82 patients with 122 lesions was analyzed. Feature selection was performed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method. Six different classifier algorithms, namely K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), and Random Forest (RF), were employed for modeling. The models were evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation, and performance metrics including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), and mean squared error were computed. A total of 107 radiomics features were extracted for each lesion, and 11 robust features were identified through the feature selection process. These features consisted of four shape features (elongation, flatness, major axis length, mesh volume), one first-order feature (energy), one Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix feature (correlation), two Gray Level Run Length Matrix features (gray level non-uniformity, gray level non-uniformity normalized), and three Gray Level Size Zone Matrix features (low gray level zone emphasis, size zone non-uniformity, small area low gray level emphasis). The NB classifier demonstrated the best performance with an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.85, 0.82, and 0.66, respectively. The findings indicate the potential of radiomics features in predicting active MS plaques in T2 FLAIR images.
Traverse and longitudinal analysis of AA5083/AA6082 dissimilar joint
Authors: Segaetsho Molebogeng Oarabile Mmanyane , Msomi Velaphi , Moni Vuyani 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical and microscopic characteristics of the friction stir welded AA5083/AA6082 dissimilar joint. The welding process was performed at a rotational speed of 900 rpm, traverse speed of 60 mm min−1, and a tool tilt angle of 1°. Samples were extracted from the joint’s start, middle, and end positions in both the traverse and longitudinal directions. The analysis of these samples involved various tests, including microstructural analysis, bending, and tensile tests. The microstructural analysis revealed non-linear behaviour in both the longitudinal and traverse sampling directions along the joint. Specifically, there were notable differences in the microstructure between the different locations within the joint. In terms of mechanical properties, the ultimate tensile strength results of the traverse specimens were found to be higher compared to the specimens sampled longitudinally. This suggests that the joint’s strength may vary depending on the sampling direction. On the other hand, the flexural strength results showed a contrasting pattern, with the traverse specimens exhibiting lower strength values compared to the longitudinally sampled specimens.
Charge-sensing of a Ge/Si core/shell nanowire double quantum dot using a high-impedance superconducting resonator
Authors: Ungerer J H , Chevalier Kwon P , Patlatiuk T , Ridderbos J , Kononov A , Sarmah D , Bakkers E P A M , Zumbühl D , Schönenberger C 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpin qubits in germanium are a promising contender for scalable quantum computers. Reading out of the spin and charge configuration of quantum dots formed in Ge/Si core/shell nanowires is typically performed by measuring the current through the nanowire. Here, we demonstrate a more versatile approach on investigating the charge configuration of these quantum dots. We employ a high-impedance, magnetic-field resilient superconducting resonator based on NbTiN and couple it to a double quantum dot in a Ge/Si nanowire. This allows us to dispersively detect charging effects, even in the regime where the nanowire is fully pinched off and no direct current is present. Furthermore, by increasing the electro-chemical potential far beyond the nanowire pinch-off, we observe indications for depleting the last hole in the quantum dot by using the second quantum dot as a charge sensor. This work opens the door for dispersive readout and future spin-photon coupling in this system.
Overlapping Iterated Function Systems from the Perspective of Metric Number Theory
Authors: Baker Simon 
Published: June 2023

In this paper we develop a new approach for studying overlapping iterated function systems. This approach is inspired by a famous result due to Khintchine from Diophantine approximation which shows that for a family of limsup sets, their Lebesgue measure is determined by the convergence or divergence of naturally occurring volume sums. For many parameterised families of overlapping iterated function systems, we prove that a typical member will exhibit similar Khintchine like behaviour. Families of iterated function systems that our results apply to include those arising from Bernoulli convolutions, the{0,1,3}\{0,1,3\}problem, and affine contractions with varying translation parameter. As a by-product of our analysis we obtain new proofs of some well known results due to Solomyak on the absolute continuity of Bernoulli convolutions, and when the attractor in the{0,1,3}\{0,1,3\}problem has positive Lebesgue measure.

For eacht∈[0,1]t\in [0,1]we letΦt\Phi _tbe the iterated function system given byΦt≔{ϕ1(x)=x2,ϕ2(x)=x+12,ϕ3(x)=x+t2,ϕ4(x)=x+1+t2}.\begin{equation*} \Phi _{t}≔\Big \{\phi _1(x)=\frac {x}{2},\phi _2(x)=\frac {x+1}{2},\phi _3(x)=\frac {x+t}{2},\phi _{4}(x)=\frac {x+1+t}{2}\Big \}. \end{equation*}We prove that eitherΦt\Phi _tcontains an exact overlap, or we observe Khintchine like behaviour. Our analysis shows that by studying the metric properties of limsup sets, we can distinguish between the overlapping behaviour of iterated function systems in a way that is not available to us by simply studying properties of self-similar measures.

Last of all, we introduce a property of an iterated function system that we call being consistently separated with respect to a measure. We prove that this property implies that the pushforward of the measure is absolutely continuous. We include several explicit examples of consistently separated iterated function systems.
From Fibromuscular Dysplasia to Arterial Dissection and Back
Authors: Huart Justine , Stoenoiu Maria S , Zedde Marialuisa , Pascarella Rosario , Adlam David , Persu Alexandre 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic and systemic non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic arterial disease. Fifteen to 25% of patients with FMD present with arterial dissection in at least one arterial bed. Conversely, a substantial number of patients with renal, carotid, and visceral dissection have underlying FMD. Also, while few patients with FMD develop coronary artery dissection, lesions suggestive of multifocal FMD have been reported in 30–80% of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), and the relation between these two entities remains controversial. The frequent association of FMD with arterial dissection, both in coronary and extra-coronary arteries raises a number of practical and theoretical questions: (i) Are FMD and arterial dissections two different facets of the same disease or distinct though related entities? (ii) Is SCAD just a manifestation of coronary FMD or a different disease? (iii) What is the risk and which are predictive factors of developing arterial dissection in a patient with FMD? (iv) What proportion of patients who experienced an arterial dissection have underlying FMD, and does this finding influence the risk of subsequent arterial complications? In this review we will address these different questions using fragmentary, mostly cross-sectional evidence derived from large registries and studies from Europe and the United States, as well as arguments derived from demographics, clinical presentation, imaging, and when available histology and genetics. From there we will derive practical consequences for nosology, screening and follow-up.
The effect of sedation and time after cardiac arrest on coma outcome prognostication based on EEG power spectra
Authors: Pelentritou Andria , Nguissi Nathalie Ata Nguepnjo , Iten Manuela , Haenggi Matthias , Zubler Frederic , Rossetti Andrea O , De Lucia Marzia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarly prognostication of long-term outcome of comatose patients after cardiac arrest remains challenging. Electroencephalography-based power spectra after cardiac arrest have been shown to help with the identification of patients with favourable outcome during the first day of coma. Here, we aim at comparing the power spectra prognostic value during the first and second day after coma onset following cardiac arrest and to investigate the impact of sedation on prognostication. In this cohort observational study, we included comatose patients (N = 91) after cardiac arrest for whom resting-state electroencephalography was collected on the first and second day after cardiac arrest in four Swiss hospitals. We evaluated whether the average power spectra values at 4.6–15.2 Hz were predictive of patients’ outcome based on the best cerebral performance category score at 3 months, with scores ranging from 1 to 5 and dichotomized as favourable (1–2) and unfavourable (3–5). We assessed the effect of sedation and its interaction with the electroencephalography-based power spectra on patient outcome prediction through a generalized linear mixed model. Power spectra values provided 100% positive predictive value (95% confidence intervals: 0.81–1.00) on the first day of coma, with correctly predicted 18 out of 45 favourable outcome patients. On the second day, power spectra values were not predictive of patients’ outcome (positive predictive value: 0.46, 95% confidence intervals: 0.19–0.75). On the first day, we did not find evidence of any significant contribution of sedative infusion rates to the patient outcome prediction (P &gt; 0.05). Comatose patients’ outcome prediction based on electroencephalographic power spectra is higher on the first compared with the second day after cardiac arrest. Sedation does not appear to impact patient outcome prediction.
Human dignity in organisations: the cooperative ideal
Authors: McMahon Cian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper critically evaluates the liberal-humanist critique of neoclassical microeconomics and shareholder-driven corporate governance to articulate a more realistic cooperativist–humanist organisational philosophy of practice. Through an engagement with pluralist heterodox economics, it attempts to reconcile with contemporary concerns and philosophical developments around social ecology and care ethics. Our specific contribution is to develop a microfoundational complement to the macro-relational analysis of leading radical philosophical and political-economic thinkers on the Latin American left. In particular, the worker-inclusive multistakeholder cooperative (MSC) form is arrived at as the ideal firm-level organisation through which to promote diverse human (and non-human) dignity, understood through the lens of an affective-relational ethics of care.
Right ventricular to pulmonary artery coupling and outcome in patients with cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Tomasoni Daniela , Adamo Marianna , Porcari Aldostefano , Aimo Alberto , Bonfioli Giovanni Battista , Castiglione Vincenzo , Franzini Maria , Inciardi Riccardo Maria , Khalil Anas , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Lupi Laura , Nardi Matilde , Oriecuia Chiara , Pagnesi Matteo , Panichella Giorgia , Rossi Maddalena , Saccani Nicola , Specchia Claudia , Vergaro Giuseppe , Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco , Emdin Michele , Metra Marco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the prognostic value of the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling in patients with either transthyretin (ATTR) or immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis (CA).

Methods and results
Overall, 283 patients with CA from 3 Italian high-volume centres were included (median age 76 years; 63% males; 53% with ATTR-CA, 47% with AL-CA). The RV-PA coupling was evaluated by using the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) ratio. The median value of TAPSE/PASP was 0.45 (0.33–0.63) mm/mmHg. Patients with a TAPSE/PASP ratio &lt;0.45 were older, had lower systolic blood pressure, more severe symptoms, higher cardiac troponin and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels, greater left ventricular (LV) thickness, and worse LV systolic and diastolic function. A TAPSE/PASP ratio &lt;0.45 was independently associated with a higher risk of all-cause death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization [hazard ratio (HR) 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–2.96; P = 0.001] and all-cause death (HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.31–3.62; P = 0.003). The TAPSE/PASP ratio reclassified the risk of both endpoints [net reclassification index 0.46 (95% CI 0.18–0.74) P = 0.001 and 0.49 (0.22–0.77) P &lt; 0.001, respectively], while TAPSE or PASP alone did not (all P &gt; 0.05). The prognostic impact of the TAPSE/PASP ratio was significant both in AL-CA patients (HR for the composite endpoint 2.47, 95% CI 1.58–3.85; P &lt; 0.001) and in ATTR-CA (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.11–2.95; P = 0.017). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the optimal cut-off for predicting prognosis was 0.47 mm/mmHg.

Conclusion
In patients with CA, RV-PA coupling predicted the risk of mortality or HF hospitalization. The TAPSE/PASP ratio was more effective than TAPSE or PASP in predicting prognosis.
Smooth muscle α-actin missense variant promotes atherosclerosis through modulation of intracellular cholesterol in smooth muscle cells
Authors: Kaw Kaveeta , Chattopadhyay Abhijnan , Guan Pujun , Chen Jiyuan , Majumder Suravi , Duan Xue-yan , Ma Shuangtao , Zhang Chen , Kwartler Callie S , Milewicz Dianna M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
The variant p.Arg149Cys in ACTA2, which encodes smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific α-actin, predisposes to thoracic aortic disease and early onset coronary artery disease in individuals without cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated how this variant drives increased atherosclerosis.

Methods and results
Apoe−/− mice with and without the variant were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, followed by evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque formation and single-cell transcriptomics analysis. SMCs explanted from Acta2R149C/+ and wildtype (WT) ascending aortas were used to investigate atherosclerosis-associated SMC phenotypic modulation. Hyperlipidemic Acta2R149C/+Apoe−/− mice have a 2.5-fold increase in atherosclerotic plaque burden compared to Apoe−/− mice with no differences in serum lipid levels. At the cellular level, misfolding of the R149C α-actin activates heat shock factor 1, which increases endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis and intracellular cholesterol levels through increased HMG-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR) expression and activity. The increased cellular cholesterol in Acta2R149C/+ SMCs induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates PERK-ATF4-KLF4 signaling to drive atherosclerosis-associated phenotypic modulation in the absence of exogenous cholesterol, while WT cells require higher levels of exogenous cholesterol to drive phenotypic modulation. Treatment with the HMG-CoAR inhibitor pravastatin successfully reverses the increased atherosclerotic plaque burden in Acta2R149C/+Apoe−/− mice.

Conclusion
These data establish a novel mechanism by which a pathogenic missense variant in a smooth muscle-specific contractile protein predisposes to atherosclerosis in individuals without hypercholesterolemia or other risk factors. The results emphasize the role of increased intracellular cholesterol levels in driving SMC phenotypic modulation and atherosclerotic plaque burden.
Sirtuin 2 deficiency aggravates ageing-induced vascular remodelling in humans and mice
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Xiaoman , Li Xun-Kai , Lv Shuang-Jie , Wang He-Ping , Liu Yang , Zhou Jingyue , Gong Hui , Chen Xiao-Feng , Ren Si-Chong , Zhang Huina , Dai Yuxiang , Cai Hua , Yan Bo , Chen Hou-Zao , Tang Xiaoqiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
The mechanisms underlying ageing-induced vascular remodelling remain unclear. This study investigates the role and underlying mechanisms of the cytoplasmic deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in ageing-induced vascular remodelling.

Methods and results
Transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR data were used to analyse sirtuin expression. Young and old wild-type and Sirt2 knockout mice were used to explore vascular function and pathological remodelling. RNA-seq, histochemical staining, and biochemical assays were used to evaluate the effects of Sirt2 knockout on the vascular transcriptome and pathological remodelling and explore the underlying biochemical mechanisms. Among the sirtuins, SIRT2 had the highest levels in human and mouse aortas. Sirtuin 2 activity was reduced in aged aortas, and loss of SIRT2 accelerated vascular ageing. In old mice, SIRT2 deficiency aggravated ageing-induced arterial stiffness and constriction–relaxation dysfunction, accompanied by aortic remodelling (thickened vascular medial layers, breakage of elastin fibres, collagen deposition, and inflammation). Transcriptome and biochemical analyses revealed that the ageing-controlling protein p66Shc and metabolism of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) contributed to SIRT2 function in vascular ageing. Sirtuin 2 repressed p66Shc activation and mROS production by deacetylating p66Shc at lysine 81. Elimination of reactive oxygen species by MnTBAP repressed the SIRT2 deficiency–mediated aggravation of vascular remodelling and dysfunction in angiotensin II–challenged and aged mice. The SIRT2 coexpression module in aortas was reduced with ageing across species and was a significant predictor of age-related aortic diseases in humans.

Conclusion
The deacetylase SIRT2 is a response to ageing that delays vascular ageing, and the cytoplasm–mitochondria axis (SIRT2–p66Shc–mROS) is important for vascular ageing. Therefore, SIRT2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for vascular rejuvenation.