bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based electrocardiographic screening for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Holmstrom Lauri , Christensen Matthew , Yuan Neal , Weston Hughes J. , Theurer John , Jujjavarapu Melvin , Fatehi Pedram , Kwan Alan , Sandhu Roopinder K. , Ebinger Joseph , Cheng Susan , Zou James , Chugh Sumeet S. , Ouyang David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and usually asymptomatic disorder that causes a high burden of morbidity and early mortality worldwide. We developed a deep learning model for CKD screening from routinely acquired ECGs.

Methods
We collected data from a primary cohort with 111,370 patients which had 247,655 ECGs between 2005 and 2019. Using this data, we developed, trained, validated, and tested a deep learning model to predict whether an ECG was taken within one year of the patient receiving a CKD diagnosis. The model was additionally validated using an external cohort from another healthcare system which had 312,145 patients with 896,620 ECGs between 2005 and 2018.

Results
Using 12-lead ECG waveforms, our deep learning algorithm achieves discrimination for CKD of any stage with an AUC of 0.767 (95% CI 0.760–0.773) in a held-out test set and an AUC of 0.709 (0.708–0.710) in the external cohort. Our 12-lead ECG-based model performance is consistent across the severity of CKD, with an AUC of 0.753 (0.735–0.770) for mild CKD, AUC of 0.759 (0.750–0.767) for moderate-severe CKD, and an AUC of 0.783 (0.773–0.793) for ESRD. In patients under 60 years old, our model achieves high performance in detecting any stage CKD with both 12-lead (AUC 0.843 [0.836–0.852]) and 1-lead ECG waveform (0.824 [0.815–0.832]).

Conclusions
Our deep learning algorithm is able to detect CKD using ECG waveforms, with stronger performance in younger patients and more severe CKD stages. This ECG algorithm has the potential to augment screening for CKD.
Aerial and aquatic biological and bioinspired flow control strategies
Authors: Othman Ahmed K. , Zekry Diaa A. , Saro-Cortes Valeria , Lee Kyung Jun “Paul” , Wissa Aimy A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlow control is the attempt to favorably modify a flow field’s characteristics compared to how the flow would have developed naturally along the surface. Natural flyers and swimmers exploit flow control to maintain maneuverability and efficiency under different flight and environmental conditions. Here, we review flow control strategies in birds, insects, and aquatic animals, as well as the engineered systems inspired by them. We focus mainly on passive and local flow control devices which have utility for application in small uncrewed aerial and aquatic vehicles (sUAVs) with benefits such as simplicity and reduced power consumption. We also identify research gaps related to the physics of the biological flow control and opportunities for device development and implementation on engineered vehicles.
Virtual Post-Intervention Speech and Language Assessment of Toddler and Preschool Participants in Babble Boot Camp
Authors: Potter Nancy L. , VanDam Mark , Bruce Laurel , Davis Jenny , Eng Linda , Finestack Lizbeth , Heinlen Victoria , Scherer Nancy , Schrock Claire , Seltzer Ryan , Stoel-Gammon Carol , Thompson Lauren , Peter Beate 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
Babble Boot Camp (BBC) is a parent-implemented telepractice intervention for infants at risk for speech and language disorders. BBC uses a teach–model–coach–review approach, delivered through weekly 15-min virtual meetings with a speech-language pathologist. We discuss accommodations needed for successful virtual follow-up test administration and preliminary assessment outcomes for children with classic galactosemia (CG) and controls at age 2.5 years.

Method:
This clinical trial included 54 participants, 16 children with CG receiving BBC speech-language intervention from infancy, age 2 years, five children receiving sensorimotor intervention from infancy and changing to speech-language intervention at 15 months until 2 years of age, seven controls with CG, and 26 typically developing controls. The participants' language and articulation were assessed via telehealth at age 2.5 years.

Results:
The Preschool Language Scale–Fifth Edition (PLS-5) was successfully administered with specific parent instruction and manipulatives assembled from the child's home. The GFTA-3 was successfully administered to all but three children who did not complete this assessment due to limited expressive vocabularies. Referrals for continued speech therapy based on PLS-5 and GFTA-3 scores were made for 16% of children who received BBC intervention from infancy as compared to 40% and 57% of children who began BBC at 15 months of age or did not receive BBC intervention, respectively.

Conclusions:
With extended time and accommodations from the standardized administration guidelines, virtual assessment of speech and language was possible. However, given the inherent challenges of testing very young children virtually, in-person assessment is recommended, when possible, for outcome measurements.
New measurement of the235U(nth,f) fission yields and development of a Time of Flight line at the LOHENGRIN spectrometer
Authors: Houdouin-Quenault M. , Sage C. , Méplan O. , Ramdhane M. , Dauvergne D. , Gallin-Martel M.L. , Muraz J.F. , Guillaudin O. , Marcatili S. , Kessedjian G. , Chebboubi A. , Serot O. , Litaize O. , Bernard D. , Köster U. , Kim Y.H. , Mutti P. , Smith A.G. 
Published: May 2023

The study of nuclear fission yields has a major impact on the characterization and understanding of the fission process and is mandatory for reactor applications. In the framework of a collaboration between the CEA, the LPSC and the ILL, a program of actinide fission yield measurements has been ongoing for several years at the LOHENGRIN spectrometer. However, the measurement of very low fission yields in the symmetry region and the heavy wing of the distributions is difficult to achieve due to the strong contamination by other masses with much higher yields and requires the development of a new experimental setup.This paper will first present the results of a new absolute measurement of the235U(nth,f) mass yields using an ionization chamber placed at the exit of the spectrometer. Although very well documented in the literature, these yields show uncertainties lying from 3% to 10% with large discrepancies between libraries and a lack of correlation matrices. New experimental data obtained at the LOHENGRIN spectrometer will be detailed, along with the measurement method and the production of the experimental covariance matrix.The second part will show the development of a Time of Flight (ToF) line in order to improve the background rejection in the mass yield measurements. In the symmetry region, the precision of the measurement is limited by the background estimation due to the charge exchanges with the residual gas of the separator. We plan to analyze the events using a triple coincidence (∆E x E) x ToF, whereas today only (∆E x E) selection is available. The new ToF line is built using Si3N4foils and secondary electron detectors (SED) for the start and stop detectors. We will present the choices made for the SED technology along with the progress achieved on the ToF line characterization.
Managing and Processing Nuclear Data Libraries with FUDGE
Authors: Mattoon Caleb , Beck Bret , Gert Godfree 
Published: May 2023

FUDGE (For Updating Data and Generating Evaluations) is an open-source code that supports reading, visualizing, checking, modifying, and processing nuclear reaction and decay data. For ease of use the front-end of FUDGE is written in Python while C and C++ routines are employed for computationally intensive calculations.
FUDGE has been developed primarily at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) with contributions from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). It is used by the LLNL Nuclear Data and Theory (NDT) group to deliver high-quality nuclear data libraries to users for a variety of applications. FUDGE is also the world leader in converting data to the Generalized Nuclear Database Structure (GNDS) and working with GNDS data, including processing and visualizing. GNDS is a new extensible hierarchy that has been internationally adopted as the new standard for storing and using nuclear data libraries, replacing the previous standard ENDF-6.
A new public release of FUDGE has recently been published on github. This paper gives an overview of nuclear data processing capabilities in FUDGE, as well as describing the latest release, new capabilities, future plans, and basic instructions for users interested in applying FUDGE to their nuclear data workflow.
Standardisierte Akquisition und Dokumentation von Videosequenzen bei der konventionellen Schilddrüsensonografie
Authors: Seifert Philipp , Kühnel Christian , Reißmann Ivonne , Winkens Thomas , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungUltraschall ist die bildgebende Basisdiagnostik zur Beurteilung der Schilddrüse. Aufgrund der hohen Prävalenz struktureller Parenchymveränderungen kommt das Untersuchungsverfahren in Deutschland sehr häufig zum Einsatz, in vielen Fällen im Rahmen von Verlaufskontrollen. Die Beurteilung thyreoidaler Pathologien und deren Dynamik unterliegt einer relevanten Inter- und Intraobservervariabilität. Befunde die während des Live-Ultraschalls nicht identifiziert und aufgezeichnet wurden, können retrospektiv nicht mehr beurteilt werden. Durch die Akquisition und Dokumentation von standardisierten Videosequenzen der Ultraschallbilder (sogenannte Cine Loops), wird eine sekundäre Nachbetrachtung unter Berücksichtigung von Voraufnahmen analog anderer Schnittbildverfahren wie der CT oder MRT möglich. Die Durchführung könnte dabei auch von nichtärztlichem Personal übernommen werden. Das gewonnene Bildmaterial kann im lokalen PACS gespeichert und für die Lehre und Forschung verwendet werden.
Management des metastasierten hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Miller Kurt 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der überzeugenden Datenlage mit einer Steigerung des Gesamtüberlebens (OS) wird in den aktuellen nationalen und internationalen europäischen Leitlinien (S3, ESMO, EAU) eine Kombinationstherapie aus ADT und Docetaxel oder den neuen Hormonsubstanzen Abirateron (plus Prednison/Prednisolon), Apalutamid oder Enzalutamid als Standard für mHSPC-Patienten in gutem Allgemeinzustand (ECOG 0–1) empfohlen. Gemäß Zulassung kann Abirateron/P nur beim neu diagnostizierten (de novo) high-risk mHSPC zum Einsatz kommen. Für Docetaxel besteht beim mHSPC kein einschränkender Zulassungsstatus, jedoch wird in der aktuellen S3-Leitlinie im Empfehlungsgrad hinsichtlich Tumorlast differenziert: Während bei Patienten mit hoher Tumorlast (high-volume mHSPC) eine Soll-Empfehlung besteht, wird bei niedriger Tumorlast (low-volume mHSPC) aufgrund der uneinheitlichen Daten nur eine abgeschwächte Kann-Empfehlung gegeben. Apalutamid und Enzalutamid stellen für ein breites Spektrum von mHSPC-Patienten eine Option dar.
In der klinischen Praxis kann es schwierig sein, einen Progress unter einer laufenden Therapie zu erfassen. In der Regel kommt es zuerst zum PSA-Progress und schließlich auch zum radiologischen und klinischen Progress. Als Grundlage für einen Therapiewechsel in der hormonsensitiven Situation gilt das Auftreten der nach der EAU-Leitlinie definierten Kastrationsresistenz. In der kastrationsresistenten Situation sollte eine Progression gemäß PCWG3-Kriterien der Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group vorliegen, sodass grundsätzlich zumindest 2 der 3 Kriterien (PSA-Progress, radiologischer Progress, klinische Verschlechterung) gegeben sind, um von einem klinisch relevanten Progress auszugehen und die Therapie zu wechseln. Da es sich beim fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinom jedoch um eine sehr heterogene Erkrankung handelt, muss die Entscheidung zum Therapiewechsel in der klinischen Praxis letztendlich individuell getroffen werden.
Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE): A multicenter US study on long-term follow-up and fistula closure
Authors: Kedia Prashant , Shah-Khan Sardar , Tyberg Amy , Gaidhane Monica , Sarkar Avik , Shahid Haroon , Zhao Eric , Thakkar Shyam , Winkie Mason , Krafft Matthew , Singh Shailendra , Zolotarevsky Eugene , Barber Jeremy , Zolotarevsky Mitchelle , Greenberg Ian , Eke Dhiemeziem , Lee David , Gress Frank , Andalib Iman , Bills Gregory , Carey Patrick , Gabr Moamen , Lajin Michael , Vazquez-Sequeiros Enrique , Pleskow Douglas , Mehta Neal , Schulman Allison , Kwon Richard , Platt Kevin , Nasr John , Kahaleh Michel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) is a safe and efficacious procedure to treat pancreaticobiliary diseases in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This multicenter study aimed to determine the long-term outcomes of EDGE focusing on fistula persistence rates and post-procedure weight change.
Patients and methods Information about patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy who underwent EDGE between 2015 and 2021 from 10 institutions was captured in a registry. Patient demographics, procedural details, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.
Results One hundred seventy-two patients were included in the study (mean age 60, 25 % male). Technical success of lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) placement was 171 of 172 (99.4 %) while clinical success of intervention was 95%. The mean procedure time was 65 minutes. The most commonly reported complication was stent dislodgement/migration (n = 29, 17). Mean length of time of LAMS duration was 69 days. Mean follow-up time was 6 months. Endoscopic fistula closure was performed in 40 % of patients (69/172) at the time of LAMS removal. Persistence of fistula was observed in 19 of 62 patients (31 %) assessed. Length of LAMS indwell time (days) was a predictor of persistent fistula. The average weight gain while the LAMS was in place was 12 lb in 63 patients (36.6 %); 59.4 % of patients gained < 5 lb.
Conclusions EDGE is a safe and efficacious procedure for RYGB patients requiring ERCP. Post-procedure evaluation and management of the enteral fistula varies widely among centers currently and would benefit from further standardization. Fistula persistence appears to be uncommon and can be managed endoscopically but may be related to length of indwell times of the LAMS.
Zusammengefasste Empfehlungen für ein körperliches
Training zur Frakturprophylaxe postmenopausaler Frauen und Männer 45
Jahre und älter
Authors: von Stengel Simon , Schöne Daniel , Kohl Matthias , Becker Clemens , Gosch Markus , Jakob Franz , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Kladny Bernd , Lange Uwe , Peters Stefan , Sieber Cornel , Thomasius Friederike , Uder Michael , Shojaa Mahdieh , Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungTrainingsprotokolle zur Frakturprophylaxe müssen eine Vielzahl von
trainingswissenschaftlichen, logistischen und finanziellen Rahmenbedingungen
berücksichtigen, um die erwünschte Effektivität und
Anwendbarkeit im Einzel- oder Gruppentraining zu gewährleisten.
Basierend auf dem individuellen Risikoprofil ist eine Zuordnung von dedizierten
Trainingszielen als Ausgangspunkt der Trainingsplanung zielführend. Die
konkrete Adressierung individueller Trainingsziele ermöglicht die
Auswahl geeigneter Trainingsinhalte, -mittel und -methoden, die ebenfalls den
gesundheitlichen Status und Neigungen des Betroffenen berücksichtigen
sollten. Durch die idealerweise überdauernde
Trainingsdurchführung kommt der Beachtung nachhaltiger
Trainingsprinzipen (progressive Belastungserhöhung, Periodisierung)
besondere Relevanz im Trainingsprozess zu. Grundsätzlich ist ein
individualisiertes körperliches Training zur Frakturprophlaxe aufgrund
der großen Anzahl von Therapieoptionen und Ansatzpunkten in jedem Alter
und angepasst an funktionellen Status, gesundheitlichen Beschwerden und
potentiellen Kontraindikationen sinnvoll und möglich. Mit Ausnahme von
Angebotsstrukturen für ambulante
Sturzpräventions-Maßnahmen als Einzelangebote existieren im
Gesundheitswesen grundsätzlich belastbare Strukturen, die eine eng
supervidierte, qualifizierte und co-finanzierte Trainingsdurchführung
unterstützen. Die breite Anwendbarkeit und dichte Struktur von
Gesundheitsangeboten zur Frakturprophylaxe für nahezu alle Risiko- und
Neigungsgruppen kollidiert allerdings mit dem häufig zu geringen
Informationsstand bezüglich Effektivität, Durchführung
und Angebotsstruktur von Betroffenen aber auch Entscheidern des
Gesundheitswesens.
Does Frailty Predict Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Free or Pedicled Flap Procedures for Lower Extremity Limb Salvage? An Analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Jia Emmeline , Garvey Shannon R. , Chen Amy , Bustos Valeria P. , Morgenstern Monica , Friedman Rosie , Lee Bernard T. , Dowlatshahi Arriyan S. , Cauley Ryan P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Older and frailer patients are increasingly undergoing free or pedicled tissue transfer for lower extremity (LE) limb salvage. This novel study examines the impact of frailty on postoperative outcomes in LE limb salvage patients undergoing free or pedicled tissue transfer.
Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database (2010–2020) was queried for free and pedicled tissue transfer to the LE based on Current Procedural Terminology and the International Classification of Diseases9/10 codes. Demographic and clinical variables were extracted. The five-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) was calculated using functional status, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and hypertension. Patients were stratified by mFI-5 score: no frailty (0), intermediate frailty (1), and high frailty (2 + ). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed.
Results In total, 5,196 patients underwent free or pedicled tissue transfer for LE limb salvage. A majority were intermediate (n = 1,977) or high (n = 1,466) frailty. High frailty patients had greater rates of comorbidities—including those not in the mFI-5 score. Higher frailty was associated with more systemic and all-cause complications. On multivariate analysis, the mFI-5 score remained the best predictor of all-cause complications—with high frailty associated with 1.74 increased adjusted odds when compared with no frailty (95% confidence interval: 1.47–2.05).
Conclusion While flap type, age, and diagnosis were independent predictors of outcomes in LE flap reconstruction, frailty (mFI-5) was the strongest predictor on adjusted analysis. This study validates the mFI-5 score for preoperative risk assessment for flap procedures in LE limb salvage. These results highlight the likely importance of prehabilitation and medical optimization prior to limb salvage.
One-Pot Telescopic Approach to Synthesize Disubstituted Benz­imidazoles in Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Chanda Kaushik , Das Soumyadip 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn ongoing challenge in the pharmaceutical sector is the need to find and implement novel synthetic approaches because traditional methods sometimes violate the principles of green chemistry. While benzimidazoles are of great importance as building blocks for the creation of molecules having pharmacological activity, the development of methods for their sustainable synthesis has been a challenge for organic synthesis. Herein, we have carried out a one-pot telescopic approach to the synthesis of disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) medium to investigate an alternate synthetic technique. Starting with methyl 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoate, SNAr reaction, reduction, and cyclization were performed with choline chloride/glycerol/H2O as DES medium, which gave the best performance out of the five DESs examined. We report the synthesis of disubstituted benzimidazoles via one-pot telescopic approach.
Evaluation of Differential Sensitivity for Frequency, Intensity, and Duration in Individuals with Hypertension
Authors: Mahendran Saranya , Prabhu Prashanth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective Hypertension is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure. The damage of the cochlea is due to the loss of sensitive hair cells in the inner ear or the damage to the eighth cranial nerve. When the cochlea is damaged, the functioning abilities such as coding, differentiation, and temporal processing abilities will be affected. Hence, there might be deficits in differential sensitivity in individuals with hypertension. The aim of this article was to study the effect of hypertension on differential sensitivity as there is limited literature in this area.
Method Thirty participants were included in the study and classified into two groups: group I as individuals with hypertension and group II as individuals with normal blood pressure in the age range of 25 to 45 years. Psychophysical tests like frequency, intensity, and time discrimination tests were performed using the maximum likelihood procedure (MLP) toolbox, which implements a maximum likelihood procedure for threshold estimation in MATLAB.
Results In all the three test conditions, the scores were significantly poorer in individuals with hypertension compared with individuals of the normal at all the frequencies such as 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 4,000 Hz.
Conclusion This could be because of reduced frequency selectivity and poor temporal coding as well as due to difficulty responding to rapid change in the envelope of sound over time because of cochlear and neural damage in individuals with hypertension.
Allostatic load: historical origins, promises and costs of a recent biosocial approach
Authors: Serviant-Fine Thibaut , Arminjon Mathieu , Fayet Yohan , Giroux Élodie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article provides a critical and genealogical analysis of the allostatic load research framework. AL research is used as a case study to analyse how the current biosocial context is articulated in the field of health inequalities research. Providing a contemporary analysis of AL studies with a genealogy of the AL concept, we show that the ambition to use biological tools to improve measurements, predictions, and ultimately public health action, is rooted in a history that predates current biosocial entanglements. We analyse the conceptual and methodological grounding of AL studies in relation to the ambitious propositions to address health inequalities they often convey. The difficulties in translating AL research findings into public health policies and the risks of biomedicalisation that could emerge through the use of AL are also addressed. While acknowledging these risks, however, we nuance the risk of depoliticisation associated with the biomedicalisation of social inequalities in health. In light of the historical analysis, we qualify the risks associated to a biologisation of social life that could emerge from AL research: it appears that these risks are more specifically rooted in methodological and epistemological problems that researchers would need to consider in the pursuit of AL research.