bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The crystal structure of zigrasite, MgZr(PO4)2(H2O)4, a heteropolyhedral framework structure
Authors: Hawthorne F. C. , Simmons W. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe crystal structure of zigrasite, ideally MgZr(PO4)2(H2O)4, a 5.3049(2), b 9.3372(4), c 9.6282(5) Å, α 97.348(1)°, β 91.534(1)°, γ 90.512(4)°, V 472.79(5) Å3, Z = 2, triclinic, P1, Dcalc. 2.66 g.cm–3, from the giant 1972 pocket at Newry, Oxford County, Maine, USA, has been solved and refined to R1 3.75% on the basis of 2623 unique reflections (Fo > 4σF). There are two P sites, each of which is solely occupied by P with <P–O> distances of 1.532 and 1.533 Å, respectively. There are two Mg sites, both of which are occupied by Mg and are octahedrally coordinated two O anions and four (H2O) groups with <Mg–O> distances of 2.064 and 2.075 Å, respectively. There is one Zr site, occupied by Zr and octahedrally coordinated by six O anions with a <Zr–O> distance of 2.065 Å . The (ZrO6) octahedron shares corners with six (PO4) tetrahedra, forminga [Zr(PO4)2] sheet parallel to (001). These sheets are stacked in the c direction and linked by (MgO2(H2O)4) octahedra that share O atoms with the (PO4) groups. The structure is formally a heteropolyhedral framework structure, but the linkage is weaker in the c direction, accounting for the marked (001) cleavage.
Determining gene flow and the influence of selection across the equatorial barrier of the East Pacific Rise in the tube-dwelling polychaete Alvinella pompejana
Authors: Plouviez Sophie , Le Guen Dominique , Lecompte Odile , Lallier François H , Jollivet Didier 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundComparative phylogeography recently performed on the mitochondrialcytochrome oxidase I(mtCOI) gene from seven deep-sea vent species suggested that the East Pacific Rise fauna has undergone a vicariant event with the emergence of a north/south physical barrier at the Equator 1-2 Mya. Within this specialised fauna, the tube-dwelling polychaeteAlvinella pompejanashowed reciprocal monophyly atmtCOIon each side of the Equator (9°50'N/7°25'S), suggesting potential, ongoing allopatric speciation. However, the development of a barrier to gene flow is a long and complex process. Secondary contact between previously isolated populations can occur when physical isolation has not persisted long enough to result in reproductive isolation between genetically divergent lineages, potentially leading to hybridisation and subsequent allelic introgression. The present study evaluates the strength of the equatorial barrier to gene flow and tests for potential secondary contact zones betweenA. pompejanapopulations by comparing themtCOIgene with nuclear genes.ResultsAllozyme frequencies and the analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms at three nuclear loci confirmed the north/south genetic differentiation ofAlvinella pompejanapopulations along the East Pacific Rise. Migration was oriented north-to-south with a moderate allelic introgression between the two geographic groups over a narrow geographic range just south of the barrier. Multilocus analysis also indicated that southern populations have undergone demographic expansion as previously suggested by a multispecies approach. A strong shift in allozyme frequencies together with a high level of divergence between alleles and a low number of 'hybrid' individuals were observed between the northern and southern groups using thephosphoglucomutasegene. In contrast, theS-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolasegene exhibited reduced diversity and a lack of population differentiation possibly due to a selective sweep or hitch-hiking.ConclusionsThe equatorial barrier leading to the separation of East Pacific Rise vent fauna into two distinct geographic groups is still permeable to migration, with a probable north-to-south migration route forA. pompejana. This separation also coincides with demographic expansion in the southern East Pacific Rise. Our results suggest that allopatry resulting from ridge offsetting is a common mechanism of speciation for deep-sea hydrothermal vent organisms.
A genetic dissection of breed composition and performance enhancement in the Alaskan sled dog
Authors: Huson Heather J , Parker Heidi G , Runstadler Jonathan , Ostrander Elaine A 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The Alaskan sled dog offers a rare opportunity to investigate the development of a dog breed based solely on performance, rather than appearance, thus setting the breed apart from most others. Several established breeds, many of which are recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), have been introduced into the sled dog population to enhance racing performance. We have used molecular methods to ascertain the constitutive breeds used to develop successful sled dog lines, and in doing so, determined the breed origins of specific performance-related behaviors.
One hundred and ninety-nine Alaskan sled dogs were genotyped using 96 microsatellite markers that span the canine genome. These data were compared to that from 141 similarly genotyped purebred dog breeds. Sled dogs were evaluated for breed composition based on a variety of performance phenotypes including speed, endurance and work ethic, and the data stratified based on population structure.

Results
We observe that the Alaskan sled dog has a unique molecular signature and that the genetic profile is sufficient for identifying dogs bred for sprint versus distance. When evaluating contributions of existing breeds we find that the Alaskan Malamute and Siberian Husky contributions are associated with enhanced endurance; Pointer and Saluki are associated with enhanced speed and the Anatolian Shepherd demonstrates a positive influence on work ethic.

Conclusion
We have established a genetic breed profile for the Alaskan sled dog, identified profile variance between sprint and distance dogs, and established breeds associated with enhanced performance attributes. These data set the stage for mapping studies aimed at finding genes that are associated with athletic attributes integral to the high performing Alaskan sled dog.
Brain transcriptional stability upon prion protein-encoding gene invalidation in zygotic or adult mouse
Authors: Chadi Sead , Young Rachel , Le Guillou Sandrine , Tilly Gaëlle , Bitton Frédérique , Martin-Magniette Marie-Laure , Soubigou-Taconnat Ludivine , Balzergue Sandrine , Vilotte Marthe , Peyre Coralie , Passet Bruno , Béringue Vincent , Renou Jean-Pierre , Le Provost Fabienne , Laude Hubert , Vilotte Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The physiological function of the prion protein remains largely elusive while its key role in prion infection has been expansively documented. To potentially assess this conundrum, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the brain of wild-type mice with that of transgenic mice invalidated at this locus either at the zygotic or at the adult stages.

Results
Only subtle transcriptomic differences resulting from the Prnp knockout could be evidenced, beside Prnp itself, in the analyzed adult brains following microarray analysis of 24 109 mouse genes and QPCR assessment of some of the putatively marginally modulated loci. When performed at the adult stage, neuronal Prnp disruption appeared to sequentially induce a response to an oxidative stress and a remodeling of the nervous system. However, these events involved only a limited number of genes, expression levels of which were only slightly modified and not always confirmed by RT-qPCR. If not, the qPCR obtained data suggested even less pronounced differences.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the physiological function of PrP is redundant at the adult stage or important for only a small subset of the brain cell population under classical breeding conditions. Following its early reported embryonic developmental regulation, this lack of response could also imply that PrP has a more detrimental role during mouse embryogenesis and that potential transient compensatory mechanisms have to be searched for at the time this locus becomes transcriptionally activated.
p-Glycoprotein ABCB5 and YB-1 expression plays a role in increased heterogeneity of breast cancer cells: correlations with cell fusion and doxorubicin resistance
Authors: Yang Ji Yeon , Ha Seon-Ah , Yang Yun-Sik , Kim Jin Woo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Cancer cells recurrently develop into acquired resistance to the administered drugs. The iatrogenic mechanisms of induced chemotherapy-resistance remain elusive and the degree of drug resistance did not exclusively correlate with reductions of drug accumulation, suggesting that drug resistance may involve additional mechanisms. Our aim is to define the potential targets, that makes drug-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells turn to drug-resistant, for the anti-cancer drug development against drug resistant breast cancer cells.

Methods
Doxorubicin resistant human breast MCF-7 clones were generated. The doxorubicin-induced cell fusion events were examined. Heterokaryons were identified and sorted by FACS. In the development of doxorubicin resistance, cell-fusion associated genes, from the previous results of microarray, were verified using dot blot array and quantitative RT-PCR. The doxorubicin-induced expression patterns of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic genes were validated.

Results
YB-1 and ABCB5 were up regulated in the doxorubicin treated MCF-7 cells that resulted in certain degree of genomic instability that accompanied by the drug resistance phenotype. Cell fusion increased diversity within the cell population and doxorubicin resistant MCF-7 cells emerged probably through clonal selection. Most of the drug resistant hybrid cells were anchorage independent. But some of the anchorage dependent MCF-7 cells exhibited several unique morphological appearances suggesting minor population of the fused cells maybe de-differentiated and have progenitor cell like characteristics.

Conclusion
Our work provides valuable insight into the drug induced cell fusion event and outcome, and suggests YB-1, GST, ABCB5 and ERK3 could be potential targets for the anti-cancer drug development against drug resistant breast cancer cells. Especially, the ERK-3 serine/threonine kinase is specifically up-regulated in the resistant cells and known to be susceptible to synthetic antagonists.
Antibacterial properties of tualang honey and its effect in burn wound management: a comparative study
Authors: Nasir Nur-Azida Mohd , Halim Ahmad Sukari , Singh Kirnpal-Kaur Banga , Dorai Ananda Aravazhi , Haneef Mehru-Nisha Muhammad 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The use of honey as a natural product of Apis spp. for burn treatment has been widely applied for centuries. Tualang honey has been reported to have antibacterial properties against various microorganisms, including those from burn-related diagnoses, and is cheaper and easier to be absorbed by Aquacel dressing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of tualang honey dressing and to determine its effectiveness as a partial thickness burn wound dressing.

Methods
In order to quantitate the bioburden of the swabs, pour plates were performed to obtain the colony count (CFU/ml). Swabs obtained from burn wounds were streaked on blood agar and MacConkey agar for bacterial isolation and identification. Later, antibacterial activity of Aquacel-tualang honey, Aquacel-Manuka honey, Aquacel-Ag and Aquacel- plain dressings against bacteria isolated from patients were tested (in-vitro) to see the effectiveness of those dressings by zone of inhibition assays.

Results
Seven organisms were isolated. Four types of Gram-negative bacteria, namely Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., and three Gram-positive bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (CONS) and Streptococcus spp., were isolated. Total bacterial count decreased on day 6 and onwards. In the in-vitro antibacterial study, Aquacel-Ag and Aquacel-Manuka honey dressings gave better zone of inhibition for Gram positive bacteria compared to Aquacel-Tualang honey dressing. However, comparable results were obtained against Gram negative bacteria tested with Aquacel-Manuka honey and Aquacel-Tualang honey dressing.

Conclusions
Tualang honey has a bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic effect. It is useful as a dressing, as it is easier to apply and is less sticky compared to Manuka honey. However, for Gram positive bacteria, tualang honey is not as effective as usual care products such as silver-based dressing or medical grade honey dressing.
Cannabinoids reduce ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression through Akt inhibition
Authors: Caffarel María M , Andradas Clara , Mira Emilia , Pérez-Gómez Eduardo , Cerutti Camilla , Moreno-Bueno Gema , Flores Juana M , García-Real Isabel , Palacios José , Mañes Santos , Guzmán Manuel , Sánchez Cristina 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
ErbB2-positive breast cancer is characterized by highly aggressive phenotypes and reduced responsiveness to standard therapies. Although specific ErbB2-targeted therapies have been designed, only a small percentage of patients respond to these treatments and most of them eventually relapse. The existence of this population of particularly aggressive and non-responding or relapsing patients urges the search for novel therapies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cannabinoids might constitute a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of ErbB2-positive breast tumors. We analyzed their antitumor potential in a well established and clinically relevant model of ErbB2-driven metastatic breast cancer: the MMTV-neu mouse. We also analyzed the expression of cannabinoid targets in a series of 87 human breast tumors.

Results
Our results show that both Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the most abundant and potent cannabinoid in marijuana, and JWH-133, a non-psychotropic CB2 receptor-selective agonist, reduce tumor growth, tumor number, and the amount/severity of lung metastases in MMTV-neu mice. Histological analyses of the tumors revealed that cannabinoids inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce cancer cell apoptosis, and impair tumor angiogenesis. Cannabinoid antitumoral action relies, at least partially, on the inhibition of the pro-tumorigenic Akt pathway. We also found that 91% of ErbB2-positive tumors express the non-psychotropic cannabinoid receptor CB2.

Conclusions
Taken together, these results provide a strong preclinical evidence for the use of cannabinoid-based therapies for the management of ErbB2-positive breast cancer.
Copy number and gene expression differences between African American and Caucasian American prostate cancer
Authors: Rose Amy E , Satagopan Jaya M , Oddoux Carole , Zhou Qin , Xu Ruliang , Olshen Adam B , Yu Jessie Z , Dash Atreya , Jean-Gilles Jerome , Reuter Victor , Gerald William L , Lee Peng , Osman Iman 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The goal of our study was to investigate the molecular underpinnings associated with the relatively aggressive clinical behavior of prostate cancer (PCa) in African American (AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) patients using a genome-wide approach.

Methods
AA and CA patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) were frequency matched for age at RP, Gleason grade, and tumor stage. Array-CGH (BAC SpectralChip2600) was used to identify genomic regions with significantly different DNA copy number between the groups. Gene expression profiling of the same set of tumors was also evaluated using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Concordance between copy number alteration and gene expression was examined. A second aCGH analysis was performed in a larger validation cohort using an oligo-based platform (Agilent 244K).

Results
BAC-based array identified 27 chromosomal regions with significantly different copy number changes between the AA and CA tumors in the first cohort (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05). Copy number alterations in these 27 regions were also significantly associated with gene expression changes. aCGH performed in a larger, independent cohort of AA and CA tumors validated 4 of the 27 (15%) most significantly altered regions from the initial analysis (3q26, 5p15-p14, 14q32, and 16p11). Functional annotation of overlapping genes within the 4 validated regions of AA/CA DNA copy number changes revealed significant enrichment of genes related to immune response.

Conclusions
Our data reveal molecular alterations at the level of gene expression and DNA copy number that are specific to African American and Caucasian prostate cancer and may be related to underlying differences in immune response.
Effect of abrupt weaning at housing on leukocyte distribution, functional activity of neutrophils, and acute phase protein response of beef calves
Authors: Lynch EM , Earley B , McGee M , Doyle S 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundSixteen, spring-born, single suckled, castrated male calves of Limousin × Holstein-Friesian and Simmental × Holstein-Friesian dams respectively, were used to investigate the effect of weaning on total leukocyte and differential counts, neutrophil functional activity, lymphocyte immunophenotypes, and acute phase protein response. Calves grazed with their dams until the end of the grazing season when they were housed in a slatted floor shed. On the day of housing, calves were assigned to a treatment, (i) abruptly weaned (W:n= 8) or (ii) non-weaned (controls) (C:n= 8). Weaned calves were housed in pens without their dams, whereas non-weaned (control) calves were housed with their dams. Blood was collected on day -7, 0 (housing), 2, 7, and 14 to determine total leukocyte and differential counts and concentration of fibrinogen and haptoglobin. Lymphocyte immunophenotypes were characterised using selected surface antigens (CD4+, CD8+, WC1+(γδ T cells), MHC Class II+lymphocytes), and the functional activities of neutrophils (surface expression of L-selectin (CD62L), phagocytic and oxidative burst activity) were investigated using flow cytometry.ResultsTreatment × sampling time interactions (P< 0.05) were detected for total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, all lymphocyte subsets, mean fluorescence intensity of CD62L+neutrophils, and percentage neutrophils performing phagocytosis. On d 2, total leukocyte and neutrophil count increased (P< 0.001), and percentage CD4+and CD8+lymphocytes, percentage phagocytic neutrophils, mean fluorescence intensity of CD62L+neutrophils decreased (P< 0.05) in W compared with baseline (d 0), whereas they were unchanged (P> 0.05) in C. On d 2, percentage WC1+lymphocytes decreased (P< 0.05), whereas percentage MHC class II+lymphocytes increased (P< 0.05) in W and C, however the magnitude of change was greater in W than C. There were no treatment × sampling time interactions (P> 0.05) for monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts, percentage G1+neutrophils, or percentage oxidative burst positive neutrophils.ConclusionsAbrupt weaning resulted in increased neutrophil counts and impaired trafficking and phagocytic function. Together with the changes in lymphocyte subsets, the results suggest that there was a greater transitory reduction in immune function at housing in abruptly weaned than non-weaned beef calves.
The estrogen receptor influences microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) expression and the selective estrogen receptor inhibitor fulvestrant downregulates MAPT and increases the sensitivity to taxane in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ikeda Hirokuni , Taira Naruto , Hara Fumikata , Fujita Takeo , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Soh Junichi , Toyooka Shinichi , Nogami Tomohiro , Shien Tadahiko , Doihara Hiroyoshi , Miyoshi Shinichiro 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) inhibits the function of taxanes and high expression of MAPT decreases the sensitivity to taxanes. The relationship between estrogen receptor (ER) and MAPT in breast cancer is unclear. In this study, we examined the correlation of MAPT expression with the sensitivity of human breast cancer cells to taxanes, and the relationship between ER and MAPT.

Methods
The correlation between MAPT expression and sensitivity to taxanes was investigated in 12 human breast cancer cell lines. Alterations in cellular sensitivity to taxanes were evaluated after knockdown of MAPT expression. ER expression was knocked down or stimulated in MAPT- and ER-positive cell lines to examine the relationship between ER and MAPT. The cells were also treated with hormone drugs (tamoxifen and fulvestrant) and taxanes.

Results
mRNA expression of MAPT did not correlate with sensitivity to taxanes. However, expression of MAPT protein isoforms of less than 70 kDa was correlated with a low sensitivity to taxanes. Downregulation of MAPT increased cellular sensitivity to taxanes. MAPT protein expression was increased by stimulation with 17-β-estradiol or tamoxifen, but decreased by ER downregulation and by fulvestrant, an ER inhibitor. The combination of fulvestrant with taxanes had a synergistic effect, whereas tamoxifen and taxanes had an antagonistic effect.

Conclusions
Expression of MAPT protein isoforms of less than 70 kDa is correlated with a low sensitivity to taxanes in breast cancer cells. ER influences MAPT expression and fulvestrant increases the sensitivity to taxanes in MAPT- and ER-positive breast cancer cells.
Differential Regulation of Plasma Obestatin and Ghrelin by Meal Intake and the Cholinergic System in Lean, But Not Obese Individuals
Authors: Maier Christina , Riedl Michaela , Vila Greisa , Wolzt Michael , Clodi Martin , Ludvik Bernhard , Luger Anton 
Published: July 2010

Context: Obestatin is cosecreted with and stemming from the same precursor as ghrelin and is apparently involved in energy metabolism. Relatively little is known about the regulation of obestatin release.Objective: The regulation of obestatin release and obestatin-to-ghrelin ratios by meal intake and the cholinergic system were studied in lean and obese subjects.Design, Participants, and Setting: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with 4 study days in eight obese (body mass index &gt;30 kg/m2) and eight matched lean (body mass index &lt;25 kg/m2) healthy subjects (two males and six females per group) at a University Clinical Research Unit.Interventions: Atropine (1 mg iv) was administered alone and in combination with breakfast (550 kcal) intake, or placebo (isotonic saline) alone and in combination with breakfast.Main Outcome Measures: We measured plasma obestatin and obestatin/ghrelin ratios.Results: Both obestatin and ghrelin/obestatin ratios decreased significantly from baseline by either atropine or meal intake in lean individuals, with the two effects adding up on the combined atropine/breakfast day. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in obese subjects, who also showed significantly greater association between ghrelin and obestatin values than their lean counterparts.Conclusions: Obestatin and ghrelin release is differentially regulated by meal intake and the cholinergic system in lean individuals. This regulation is impaired in obesity.