bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening performance of K6/K10 and other screening instruments for mood and anxiety disorders in Japan
Authors: Sakurai Keiko , Nishi Akihiro , Kondo Kyoko , Yanagida Kosuke , Kawakami Norito 
Published: September 2011

Aims:  This study aimed to establish the screening performance and optimal cut‐off points for the Japanese version of Kessler (K)6, K10 and the Depression and Suicide Screen (DSS).Methods:  A self‐report questionnaire including K6, K10 and DSS, as well as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale (CES‐D), was administered to a random sample of community residents in Japan (non‐cases, n = 147) and psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with mood or anxiety disorders according to DSM‐IV (cases, n = 17). A receiver–operator characteristics (ROC) curve was drawn to estimate the area under the curve (AUC), the sensitivity, and specificity with the optimal cut‐off points for K6, K10, and DSS, which were then compared with those of CES‐D. The community sample was also asked to rate each measure on a scale from ‘very easy’ to ‘very hard’ to use.Results:  K6 and K10 showed a high AUC (0.93–0.94), which was comparable to that of CES‐D (0.95), but DSS showed a significantly smaller AUC (0.89) than CES‐D (P < 0.05). The optimal cut‐off points were estimated as 4/5 for K6, 9/10 for K10, and 1/2 for DSS. The sensitivity of these three scales was similar, but the specificity was lower for DSS than for the other two. K6, K10 and DSS were rated as being ‘very easy’ or ‘easy to use’ significantly more than CES‐D (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  The screening performance of the Japanese versions of K6 and K10 was comparable with that of CES‐D, and better than that of DDS. K6/K10, particularly K6, might have an advantage, even over the CES‐D, because of its similar screening performance and better acceptability.
A two‐step process in the emergence of neurogenesis
Authors: Galliot Brigitte , Quiquand Manon 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCnidarians belong to the first phylum differentiating a nervous system, thus providing suitable model systems to trace the origins of neurogenesis. Indeed corals, sea anemones, jellyfish and hydra contract, swim and catch their food thanks to sophisticated nervous systems that share with bilaterians common neurophysiological mechanisms. However, cnidarian neuroanatomies are quite diverse, and reconstructing the urcnidarian nervous system is ambiguous. At least a series of characters recognized in all classes appear plesiomorphic: (1) the three cell types that build cnidarian nervous systems (sensory‐motor cells, ganglionic neurons and mechanosensory cells called nematocytes or cnidocytes); (2) an organization of nerve nets and nerve rings [those working as annular central nervous system (CNS)]; (3) a neuronal conduction via neurotransmitters; (4) a larval anterior sensory organ required for metamorphosis; (5) a persisting neurogenesis in adulthood. By contrast, the origin of the larval and adult neural stem cells differs between hydrozoans and other cnidarians; the sensory organs (ocelli, lens‐eyes, statocysts) are present in medusae but absent in anthozoans; the electrical neuroid conduction is restricted to hydrozoans. Evo‐devo approaches might help reconstruct the neurogenic status of the last common cnidarian ancestor. In fact, recent genomic analyses show that if most components of the postsynaptic density predate metazoan origin, the bilaterian neurogenic gene families originated later, in basal metazoans or as eumetazoan novelties. Striking examples are the ParaHox Gsx, Pax, Six, COUP‐TF and Twist‐type regulators, which seemingly exert neurogenic functions in cnidarians, including eye differentiation, and support the view of a two‐step process in the emergence of neurogenesis.
HUMAN AND ANIMAL RESEARCH GUIDELINES: ALIGNING ETHICAL CONSTRUCTS WITH NEW SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: FERDOWSIAN HOPE 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBoth human research and animal research operate within established standards and procedures. Although the human research environment has been criticized for its sometimes inefficient and imperfect process, reported abuses of human subjects in research served as the impetus for the establishment of the Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, and the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research and the resulting Belmont Report. No similar, comprehensive and principled effort has addressed the use of animals in research. Although published policies regarding animal research provide relevant regulatory guidance, these policies have not emerged from the process of specifying consistent and reasoned ethical principles. The lack of a fundamental effort to explore the ethical issues and principles regarding the use of animals in research has led to unclear and disparate policies. Recent studies have increased our understanding of animal cognition and emotion, suggesting that animals' potential for experiencing a wide variety of harms, such as pain and fear, is greater than has been previously appreciated. Furthermore, relationships between methods of captivity and certain laboratory procedures and the resulting adverse physical, social and psychological effects have been established. In light of this information, current protections may need to be reconsidered and modified. This paper explores the historical convergence and divergence in the creation of human and animal research guidelines, as well as opportunities to align ethical frameworks with new scientific discoveries.
The Authority of Scripture and the Triune God
Authors: PADDISON ANGUS 
Published: September 2011

AbstractConsideration of what is meant by authority is a vital task for theology, and especially for those involved in theologically engaging with Scripture. After some general reflections on the nature of authority this article turns specifically to examine biblical authority. The challenges facing those who would offer an account of biblical authority are presented. The generating question for the positive proposals advanced in this essay is: what difference does the doctrine of the Trinity make to the account we render of biblical authority? The action of the triune God is the appropriate context for locating Scripture's salvific ministry. Moreover, Scripture is space that God gives us without violating our creatureliness. Scripture is both part of the created order and a participant within God's saving history. The doctrine of the Trinity invites us to articulate an account of biblical authority that is historical and timeful.
From Letter to Spirit
Authors: RENO R. R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractReformation polemics and modern historical‐critical scholarship has encouraged us to see the spiritual sense of Scripture as remote from the literal sense. However, a close examination of the traditional methods of spiritual interpretation shows that the literal sense plays an important role in expositions of the spiritual sense. Traditional methods both anchor and motivate spiritual readings by recourse to the letter of Scripture, and as a consequence the speculative stretch toward the spiritual is saturated with the literal.
The hand structure of Carnotaurus sastrei (Theropoda, Abelisauridae): implications for hand diversity and evolution in abelisaurids
Authors: RUIZ JAVIER , TORICES ANGÉLICA , SERRANO HUMBERTO , LÓPEZ VALLE 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:  Carnotaurus sastrei is an abelisaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina that has very reduced, but robust, forelimbs and derived hands with four digits, including a large, conical‐shaped metacarpal IV lacking an articulation for a phalanx. The analysis presented in this work highlights a series of additional autapomorphies of C. sastrei. For example, the proximal phalanges are longer than the metacarpals in digits II and III, and digit III includes only one phalanx besides the ungual. The hand of Carnotaurus shares several features with those of Aucasaurus and Majungasaurus, but the hands of the latter genera also display autapomorphies, indicating that the diversity in abelisaurid hand structure is similar to the diversity of cranial protuberances of these dinosaurs.
New remains ofEgatochoerus jaegeri(Mammalia, Suoidea) from the late Eocene of Peninsular Thailand
Authors: ORLIAC MAEVA , GUY FRANCK , CHAIMANEE YAOWALAK , JAEGER JEAN‐JACQUES , DUCROCQ STEPHANE 
Published: September 2011

Abstract: We report here additional remains referred toEgatochoerus jaegerifrom the late Eocene locality of Ban Mark in the Krabi basin, Thailand. The new material described, comprising upper and lower cheek teeth, deciduous premolars and partial cranial remains, makesE. jaegerithe best‐documented Eocene representative of Old World Suoidea at present. Detailed study and comparison of their cheek teeth structure reveal a homogeneity of the molar crest and groove patterns of Old World and New World Palaeogene suoids.
Balancing nurturance, cost and time: complementary feeding in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Pelto Gretel H. , Armar‐Klemesu Margaret 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a picture of the general patterns of complementary feeding behaviours in urban Ghana. A focused ethnographic study protocol for assessing complementary feeding developed for the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition was used to collect data from caregivers of children 6–24 months of age. We examined the multiple factors that influence the selection of foods for infants and young children in this urban setting, and found that economic factors, health beliefs and other nurturing‐related values, access to food and issues of convenience all play important roles. We conclude that the interactions of nurturance, cost and time are vectors that affect feeding decisions.
Legislation should support optimal breastfeeding practices and access to low‐cost, high‐quality complementary foods: Indonesia provides a case study
Authors: Soekarjo Damayanti , Zehner Elizabeth 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIt is important to support women to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months and continue breastfeeding for 24 months and beyond. It is also necessary to provide the poor with access to affordable ways to improve the quality of complementary foods. Currently, many countries do not have the legal and policy environment necessary to support exclusive and continued breastfeeding. Legislative and policy changes are also necessary for introducing complementary food supplements, allowing them to be marketed to those who need them, and ensuring that marketing remains appropriate and in full compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. This paper aims to illustrate the above with examples from Indonesia and to identify legislative requirements for supporting breastfeeding and enabling appropriate access to high‐quality complementary food supplements for children 6–24 months of age. Requirements include improved information, training, monitoring and enforcement systems for the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes; implementation and monitoring of the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative; establishment of a registration category for complementary food supplements to enhance availability of high‐quality, low‐cost fortified products to help improve young child feeding; clear identification and marketing of these products as complementary food supplements for 6–24‐month‐olds so as to promote proper use and not interfere with breastfeeding.
Hydrofluoric acid poisoning: Data from the Victorian Poisons Information Centre
Authors: Wong Anselm , Greene Shaun , Robinson Jeff 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective: To determine the epidemiology of hydrofluoric acid (HF) exposures, over an extended time period, in Victoria, Australia.Methods: Retrospective case review of all HF exposures from calls to the Victorian Poisons Information Centre (VPIC) from June 2005 to February 2011.Results: The VPIC received calls regarding 75 separate HF exposures (approximately 12 per year). The majority 68 (91%) of calls related to male patients. Sixty‐nine (92%) calls related to adults, six (8%) to children (<12 years) and none to the elderly (>65 years age). Fifty‐three per cent of exposures occurred at the workplace. Dermal exposures comprised 54 (72%). Forty‐six (85%) of these resulted from hand contact, six (11%) arm and two (4%) legs. The second most common exposure was ocular 11 (15%). More than half of exposures involved HF concentrations of 10% or less. Of the dermal exposures treated in EDs, 16% required calcium treatment in a form other than gel. Overall poisoning severity was mild (79% of cases Poisoning Severity Score of 0 or 1). Health professionals were the most frequent callers (53% of all cases).Conclusions: Calls to the VPIC regarding HF are relatively rare, but almost all calls regarding HF taken by the VPIC required hospital evaluation. The majority of exposures were accidental occupational dermal exposures in male adults and most of these were minor, requiring topical calcium gel only. Small exposures with higher concentrated HF can be fatal; however, there were no cases of severe toxicity in the present study.
Climate Aridity and Land Use Changes: A Regional‐Scale Analysis
Authors: SALVATI L. , PERINI L. , SABBI A. , BAJOCCO S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn recent years, aridity and drought have become crucial issues at the global scale because of their environmental and socio‐economic implications. On the one hand, aridity causes a reduction in the biological and economic productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, and represents a serious threat to ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological processes. On the other hand, human use (and abuse) of vulnerable dry land ecosystems may lead to unsustainable land management. Based on these considerations, this paper analyses the recent land cover changes observed in Latium (Italy) during the exceptionally dry period 2000–2007. More than 50% of the area investigated was classified as dry in 2004–2007 compared with 0% in 2000–2003. Moreover, climatic aridity impacted differently on semi‐natural, agricultural, and built‐up land. These findings illustrate a possible scenario for suburban Mediterranean regions: increasing aridity (mainly due to rising temperatures) mainly impacting on peri‐urban land.
Uniformity as response to soft law: Evidence from compliance and non‐compliance with the Dutch corporate governance code
Authors: Hooghiemstra Reggy , van Ees Hans 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to examine how firms have dealt with the trade‐off between flexibility and uncertainty that is characteristic for the decision‐making of firms in coping with self‐regulatory initiatives in general and the comply‐or‐explain principle in corporate governance in particular. Using unique data for 126 listed Dutch firms, we find that firms respond to this self‐regulatory initiative by largely complying with the code recommendation, possibly out of fear that the firm's reputation may be damaged. Furthermore, we find evidence suggesting that firms confine themselves to adopting a specific set of code recommendations and use similar arguments to explain non‐compliance. Our findings indicate uniformity in adopting the standard of good governance which is not in line with the logic of corporate governance codes and casts doubt on the effectiveness of this form of soft law. Overall, the paper's findings indicate that more restrictive (regulatory) instruments may be necessary to make firms conform to the spirit of codes.
DETERMINANTS OF INFLATION IN GHANA: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: ADU GEORGE , MARBUAH GEORGE 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper provides an empirical analysis of the factors accounting for inflation dynamics in Ghana using the bounds test and other econometric approaches. We find that real output, nominal exchange rate, broad money supply, nominal interest rate and fiscal deficit play a dominant role in the inflationary process in Ghana. To the extent that output growth by far has the strongest impact on inflation, targeting supply‐side constraints will help moderate price inflation. The paper concludes that inflation in Ghana is explained by a combination of structural and monetary factors consistent with prior studies.
Description of Bursaphelenchus kiyoharai n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) with remarks on the taxonomic framework of the Parasitaphelenchinae Rühm, 1956 and Aphelenchoidinae Fuchs, 1937
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Maehara Noritoshi , Aikawa Takuya , Masuya Hayato , Giblin-Davis Robin M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A Bursaphelenchus species was isolated from an ambrosia
beetle, Xyleborus seriatus, during a biodiversity survey of
entomophilic nematodes in a conserved forest in the Shirakami mountain
range, Aomori, Japan. The nematode has several interesting morphological
characters that do not fit the morphological definition of
Bursaphelenchus, e.g., males have a
tail spike instead of a bursal flap and lack the P1 ventral single papilla,
and females have a very long and tapering tail (filiform). The molecular
phylogenetic status of the new species inferred by the near-full-length
small subunit (SSU: 18S) and the D2/D3 expansion segments of the large
subunit (LSU: 28S) suggests, however, that the nematode is included in the
B. fungivorus group, and is most closely related to
B. thailandae and B. willibaldi.
Despite these unique morphological characters, its spicule morphology, which
is almost identical to that of B. gonzalezi, B.
thailandae and B. willibaldi, and vulval
structure, i.e., lacking a vulval flap, are in accordance
with the molecular phylogenetic status of the nematode. The new species,
which shows evidence of secondary loss of the bursal flap and P1 papilla, is
described herein as B. kiyoharai n. sp. The typological
descriptions of the genus and Parasitaphelenchinae were reconsidered and the
taxonomic framework of the Aphelenchoidinae and Parasitaphelenchinae
revised. Bursaphelenchus asiaticus n. comb. is proposed for
Ruehmaphelenchus asiaticus.
Plato on the Norms of Speech and Thought
Authors: Evans Matthew 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNear the beginning of the Cratylus (385e-387d) Plato’s Socrates argues, against his friend Hermogenes, that the standards of correctness for our use of names in speech are in no way up to us. Yet this conclusion should strike us, at least initially, as bizarre. After all, how could it not be up to us whether to call our children by the names of our parents, or whether to call dogs “dogs”? My aim in this paper will be to show that, although Plato’s argument does not succeed in establishing this apparently bizarre conclusion, it may well succeed in establishing an equally momentous conclusion: that the standards of correctness for our use of concepts in thought are in no way up to us.
Senses of Dunamis and the Structure of Aristotle’s Metaphysics Θ1
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis essay aims to analyze the structure of Aristotle’s Metaphysics Θ by explicating various senses of the term δύναµι&sigmav; at issue in the treatise. It is argued that Aristotle&rsquo;s central innovation, the sense of δύναµι&sigmav; most useful to his project in the treatise, is the kind of capacity characteristic of the pre-existent matter for substance. It is neither potentiality as a mode of being, as recent studies maintain, nor capacity for &lsquo;complete&rsquo; activity. It is argued further that, in starting with the &kappa;ύ&rho;ι&ogr;&sigmav; sense of δύναµι&sigmav; as capacity for change, Aristotle begins with the most familiar and acknowledged kind of capacity, in order to move to the less familiar but ultimately more useful notion of capacity for substance, and to bring these two kinds together through an analogical relation.
Portrait of a Local Saint: Hanna of Jerusalem
Authors: Ervine Roberta 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAmong the vast array of priceless treasures in the collection of Jerusalem’s Armenian Patriarchate is a votive portrait of a local Jerusalem saint, the priest Hanna, a native son of Jerusalem’s Armenian community. The existence of the portrait is all but unknown, despite the fact that its subject has inspired generations of Jerusalem monks to dedicate their lives to the service of the Sts. James. As vicar to Jerusalem’s Patriarch Grigor IV Shirvants‘i (Shght‘ayakir) Hanna was instrumental in reviving the fortunes of the Jerusalem Patriarchate, which, in the early eighteenth century, had suffered a near-total eclipse. Although Hanna died before the age of forty, the many activities of his short career included such major achievements as the renovation of the Armenian sections of the Holy Sepulchre Church and the transformation of the Patriarchate compound into a fully enclosed and self-sufficient enclave.
Investigating (in) Multi-Cultural Jerusalem: Jonathan Kellerman’s The Butcher’s Theatre
Authors: Fischer Nina 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper examines Jonathan Kellerman’s 1988 novel “The Butcher’s Theatre” as a means to represent Jerusalem’s citizenry and cityscape. The generic characteristics of the detective novel allow for a realistic depiction and investigation of contemporary Jerusalem and its multiple social and political problems. Kellerman highlights the multicultural and multireligious features of the city instead of representing it as a topos of cultural memory.
Federalism, Ethnicity and Human Rights in Nepal. Or: Althusius meets Acharya
Authors: Føllesdal Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe article addresses one of the difficult tasks of the Nepal Constituent Assembly: how to translate the idea and mechanisms of federalism in ways that are faithful to the best interests of the Nepal people into a constitution of a democratic, human rights-respecting Nepal republic. The reflections concern four varieties of federal elements, discussing arguments in favour and against each drawn from an interpretation of other states' experiences. Two of the four are territorial: constitutional: an entrenched split of powers, and political: decentralised autonomy. Two are non-territorial: minority rights and minority representation in common decision making bodies. Some of these arguments and lessons may be helpful also for Nepal's challenges, two features of which are especially noteworthy: there are very many different groups that must be accommodated fairly. And members of these groups very often live side by side on the same territory. Human rights protections combined with federal elements of Nepal's new Constitution must serve to prevent future domination, especially by the centres, over these many ethnic groups and castes.
Two Pahlavi Chapters on Medicine
Authors: Adhami Siamak 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe medical sciences in Sasanian society, in late Antiquity, constitute a rather neglected field of inquiry. Our most reliable sources for the study of this particular period in the history of science include a number of texts that were written in several older Iranian languages. In the following pages, we offer translations and commentaries on two such texts, written in Middle Persian, dealing with the life sciences. The topics discussed include copulation, pregnancies in various species, lactation, and moral and physical characteristics in the offspring. Placed in juxtaposition, the two texts, furthermore, clarify some of the obscure points in each of them. It is hoped that this preliminary study will help to sketch the path for future studies of the field.