bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Increase in Blood Glucose in Patients Resuscitated From Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation Predicts Poor Outcome
Authors: Nurmi Jouni , Boyd James , Anttalainen Niko , Westerbacka Jukka , Kuisma Markku 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE
To describe the trend of blood glucose immediately after successful resuscitation from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from cardiac arrest registry supplemented with blood glucose data were analyzed in this population-based observational study. Between 2005 and 2009, a total of 170 adult patients survived to hospital admission after resuscitation from bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest of cardiac origin and ventricular fibrillation as an initial rhythm.

RESULTS
Sufficient data for analysis were available in 134 (79%) patients, of whom 87 (65% [95% CI 57–73]) survived to hospital discharge in Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2. Blood glucose did not change significantly between prehospital (10.5 ± 4.1 mmol/L) and admission (10.0 ± 3.7 mmol/L) in survivors (P = 0.3483), whereas in nonsurvivors, blood glucose increased from 11.8 ± 4.6 to 13.8 ± 3.3 mmol/L (P = 0.0025).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients who are resuscitated from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, but whose outcome is unfavorable are characterized by significant increase of blood glucose in the ultraacute postresuscitation phase.
Effects of Electronegative VLDL on Endothelium Damage in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Chen Chu-Huang , Lu Jonathan , Chen Shu-Hua , Huang Roger Y. , Yilmaz H. Ramazan , Dong Jianwen , Elayda MacArthur A. , Dixon Richard A.F. , Yang Chao-Yuh 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE
Biochemical heterogeneity governs functional disparities among lipoproteins. We examined charge-defined VLDL subfractions in metabolic syndrome (MetS) to determine whether their increased electronegativity is associated with increased cytotoxicity and whether high concentrations of highly electronegative subfractions render VLDL harmful to the vascular endothelium.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Plasma VLDL of normal individuals (control subjects) (n = 13) and of those with MetS (n = 13) was resolved into subfractions with increasing negative charge (V1–V5) by anion-exchange chromatography. Human aortic endothelial cells were treated with V1–V5 or unfractionated VLDL.

RESULTS
Compared with the control subjects, individuals with MetS had a significantly higher percentage of V5 VLDL (V5/VLDL%) (34 ± 20 vs. 39 ± 11%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05) and plasma V5 concentration ([V5]) (5.5 ± 4.4 vs. 15.2 ± 8.5 mg/dL, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Apolipoprotein (apo)B100 levels decreased and apoC levels increased from V1 to V5, indicating that V5 is apoC-rich VLDL. Regression analyses of all 26 individuals showed that [V5] was positively correlated with total cholesterol (P = 0.016), triglyceride (P &lt; 0.000001), and V5/VLDL% (P = 0.002). Fasting plasma glucose, but not waist circumference, exhibited a positive trend (P = 0.058); plasma HDL cholesterol exhibited a weak inverse trend (P = 0.138). V5 (10 μg/mL) induced apoptosis in ~50% of endothelial cells in 24 h. V5 was the most rapidly (&lt;15 min) internalized subfraction and induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells after 20 min. Unfractionated MetS VLDL, but not control VLDL, also induced ROS production and endothelial cell apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONS
In populations with increased risk of diabetes, the vascular endothelium is constantly exposed to VLDL that contains a high proportion of V5. The potential impact of V5-rich VLDL warrants further investigation.
Prediction at First Year of Incident New-Onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplantation by Risk Prediction Models
Authors: Rodrigo Emilio , Santos Lidia , Piñera Celestino , Ruiz San Millán Juan Carlos , Quintela Maria Estrella , Toyos Carmen , Allende Natalia , Gómez-Alamillo Carlos , Arias Manuel 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to analyze the performance of two scores developed for predicting diabetes in nontransplant populations for identifying kidney transplant recipients with a higher new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) risk beyond the first year after transplantation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed 191 kidney transplants, which had at least 1-year follow-up posttransplant. First-year posttransplant variables were collected to estimate the San Antonio Diabetes Prediction Model (SADPM) and Framingham Offspring Study–Diabetes Mellitus (FOS-DM) algorithm.

RESULTS
Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of FOS-DM and SADPM scores to predict NODAT were 0.756 and 0.807 (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. FOS-DM and SADPM scores over 75 percentile (hazard ratio 5.074 and 8.179, respectively, P &lt; 0.001) were associated with NODAT.

CONCLUSIONS
Both scores can be used to identify kidney recipients at higher risk for NODAT beyond the first year. SADPM score detects some 25% of kidney transplant patients with an eightfold risk for NODAT.
Transitive conformal holonomy groups
Authors: Alt Jesse 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
For (M, [g]) a conformal manifold of signature (p, q) and dimension at least three, the conformal holonomy group Hol(M, [g]) ⊂ O(p + 1, q + 1) is an invariant induced by the canonical Cartan geometry of (M, [g]). We give a description of all possible connected conformal holonomy groups which act transitively on the Möbius sphere S
p,q, the homogeneous model space for conformal structures of signature (p, q). The main part of this description is a list of all such groups which also act irreducibly on ℝp+1,q+1. For the rest, we show that they must be compact and act decomposably on ℝp+1,q+1, in particular, by known facts about conformal holonomy the conformal class [g] must contain a metric which is either Einstein (if p = 0 or q = 0) or locally isometric to a so-called special Einstein product.
Maintenance of rat hepatocytes under inflammation by coculture with human orbital fat-derived stem cells
Authors: Chen Xia , Zhang Shichang , Liu Tao , Liu Yong , Wang Yingjie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPreservation of hepatocyte functions in vitro will undoubtedly help the management of acute liver failure. The coculture system may be able to prevent functional decline of hepatocytes. It has already been shown that hepatocytes, when cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, could undergo long-term culture in vitro without loss of functions. In this study, human orbital fat-derived stem cells were isolated and cocultured with rat hepatocytes. When treated with serum from an acute liver failure patient, rat hepatocyte monoculture showed reduction of cell viability and loss of liverspecific functions. However, rat hepatocytes in the coculture system were still able to secret albumin and synthesize urea. IL-6 was significantly elevated in the coculture of rat hepatocyte with orbital fat-derived stem cells, and it might be the key immunoregulator which protects rat hepatocytes against inflammation. Our data confirmed that orbital fat-derived stem cells, or other adipose tissue-derived stem cells, are an ideal candidate to support rat hepatocyte functions in vitro.
Selective synthesis of E-isomers of aldoximes via a domino aza-Michael/retro-Michael reaction
Authors: Chen Wei , Yu Wei-Guo , Shi Hai-Bo , Lu Xiao-Yan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA highly stereoselective synthesis of E-isomer of aldoximes was developed through a base-catalysed domino aza-Michael/retro-Michael reaction of hydroxylamine and 2-(R-benzylidene)malononitrile. This reaction generates (E)-aldoxime diastereomer in high yields (eight examples, isolated yields of 82-93 %), excellent diastereomeric purity (diastereomeric ratio higher than 95: 5 by 1H NMR), and proceeds under mild reaction conditions (aqueous NaOH, pH 12, room temperature, 4 h).
Building an accurate 3D model of a circular feature for robot vision
Authors: Li L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, an accurate 3D model analysis of a circular feature is built with error compensation for robot vision. We propose an efficient method of fitting ellipses to data points by minimizing the algebraic distance subject to the constraint that a conic should be an ellipse and solving the ellipse parameters through a direct ellipse fitting method by analysing the 3D geometrical representation in a perspective projection scheme, the 3D position of a circular feature with known radius can be obtained. A set of identical circles, machined on a calibration board whose centres were known, was calibrated with a camera and did the model analysis that our method developed. Experimental results show that our method is more accurate than other methods.
Steganographic data hiding in image processing using predictive differencing
Authors: Weng C. , Tso H. , Wang S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a stenography scheme based on predictive differencing to embed data in a grey-image. In order to promote the embedding capacity of pixel-value differencing (PVD), we use differencing between a predictive value and an input pixel as the predictive differencing to embed the message where a predictive value is calculated by using various predictors. If the predictive differencing is large, then it means that the input pixel is located in the edge area and, thus, has a larger embedding capacity than the pixel in a smooth area. The experimental result shows that our proposed scheme is capable of providing greater embedding capacity and high quality of stego-images then previous works. Furthermore, we have also applied various predictors to evaluate our proposed scheme.
Investigating improvements to neural network based EMG to joint torque estimation
Authors: Chandrapal Mervin , Chen XiaoQi , Wang WenHui , Stanke Benjamin , Le Pape Nicolas 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Although surface electromyography (sEMG) has a high correlation to muscle force, an accurate model that can estimate joint torque from sEMG is still elusive. Artificial neural networks (NN), renowned as universal approximators, have been employed to capture this complex nonlinear relation. This work focuses on investigating possible improvements to the NN methodology and algorithm that would consistently produce reliable sEMG-to-knee-joint torque mapping for any individual. This includes improvements in number of inputs, data normalization techniques, NN architecture and training algorithms. Data (sEMG) from five knee extensor and flexor muscle from one subject were recorded on 10 random days over a period of 3 weeks whilst subject performed both isometric and isokinetic movements. The results indicate that incorporating more muscles into the NN and normalizing the data at each isometric angle prior to NN training improves torque estimation. The mean lowest estimation error achieved for isometric motion was 10.461% (1.792), whereas the lowest estimation errors for isokinetic motion were larger than 20%.
Can Supervised Group Exercises Including Ergonomic Advice Reduce the Prevalence and Severity of Low Back Pain and Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eggen Marit Horst , Stuge Britt , Mowinckel Petter , Jensen Kjersti Smee , Hagen Kåre Birger 
Published: January 2012

Background
Many women have low back pain (LBP) or pelvic girdle pain (PGP) during pregnancy, but there is limited evidence of effective primary and secondary preventive strategies.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a group-based exercise program can reduce the prevalence and severity of LBP and PGP in pregnant women.

Design
An observer-blinded randomized controlled trial with equal assignments to a training group and a control group was conducted.

Setting
The study was conducted in primary care maternity units in 2 suburban municipalities in the southeastern part of Norway.

Patients
The participants were 257 pregnant women who were healthy and between 18 and 40 years of age before gestation week 20.

Intervention
The training group received supervised exercises in groups once a week, and the control group received standard care.

Measurements
The main outcome measures were self-reported LBP and self-reported PGP. Secondary outcome measures were pain intensity in the morning and evening, disability, and 8-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. Follow-up measurements were performed at gestation weeks 24, 28, 32, and 36.

Results
Overall, there was no effect of the program on the prevalence of PGP (odds ratio=1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.66 to 1.59) or LBP (odds ratio=0.77, 95% CI=0.50 to 1.19). For the secondary outcomes, the estimated mean differences between the groups were −0.4 (95% CI=−0.8 to 0.1) for pain intensity in the morning, −0.4 (95% CI=−1.0 to 0.2) for pain intensity in the evening, −1.0 (95% CI=−2.2 to 0.0) for disability, 1.8 (95% CI=0.0 to 3.7) for the SF-8 PCS, and −0.6 (95% CI=−2.2 to 1.4) for the SF-8 MCS.

Limitations
Due to low statistical power, the estimates for the primary outcomes are imprecise.

Conclusions
Supervised group exercise did not reduce the prevalence of LBP or PGP in pregnancy.
Responsiveness and Validity of the Six-Minute Walk Test in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mossberg Kurt A. , Fortini Elizabeth 
Published: January 2012

Background
A simple test of aerobic fitness for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is valid, reliable, and responsive to change is needed to provide clinicians a functional measure of cardiorespiratory capacity.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and responsiveness to change of the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in individuals with TBI.

Design
A cohort, pretest-posttest, comparison study was conducted.

Methods
Twenty-one patients performed the 6MWT upon admission to and prior to discharge from a postacute rehabilitation facility. Heart rate and distance traveled were recorded. A physiologic cost index (PCI) (beats per meter) was calculated based on steady-state heart rate. At discharge, all participants were able to perform a graded treadmill exercise test to exhaustion during which peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2) was measured.

Results
Between admission and discharge, mean total distance increased from 342.6 m (SD=127.0) to 408.9 m (SD=124.2), and work increased from 27,185 kg·m (SD=10,528) to 34,114 kg·m (SD=12,057). The effect size indexes were 1.10 and 1.12 for distance and work, respectively. Correlations (r) between the discharge peak V̇o2 and the discharge 6MWT distance, PCI, and work were .58, −.61, and .47, respectively.

Limitations
Stratification by gait speed may have improved responsiveness, especially for the slow ambulators.

Conclusions
All measures correlated well with peak V̇o2, establishing an acceptable level of criterion-related (concurrent) validity. The addition of heart rate and calculating the PCI was only slightly better at predicting peak V̇o2, albeit nonsignificant, than a simple measure of total distance. The 6MWT provides a good estimate of peak aerobic capacity, and some measures are more responsive to change than others in patients recovering from TBI.
Inspiratory Muscle Training in a Newborn With Anoxia Who Was Chronically Ventilated
Authors: Brunherotti Marisa Afonso Andrade , Bezerra Poliana Penasso , Bachur Cynthia Kallas , Jacometti Carlos Reis 
Published: January 2012

Background and PurposeRespiratory muscle training promotes weaning in patients who are dependent on mechanical ventilation. Respiratory muscles can be trained using linear inspiratory-resistive loads to improve their strength and endurance. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate that a therapeutic intervention consisting of a linear pressure load device facilitates ventilator weaning in an infant who is chronically ventilated.Case DescriptionThe patient was a newborn with a weight of 4,725 g and an Apgar score of 0 to 1 who had been on mechanical ventilation for 8 months. Respiratory muscle training with a linear pressure load was performed twice a day. The number of series and repetitions was increased progressively while maintaining the pressure load, with 3-minute intervals between series, until reaching a peak of 8 series with 70 repetitions and a pressure load of 13 cm H2O. During the intervention, the patient was maintained in the supine position at an elevation of 30 degrees.OutcomesThe infant required mechanical ventilation for 8 months (32 weeks of life), with 4,450 hours (26.5 weeks) of mechanical ventilation and 230 cumulative hours (1.4 weeks) of spontaneous breathing, without obtaining any weaning success. At 10 months of age (40 weeks) and after 2 months (8 weeks) of respiratory muscle training, the results were 490 hours (3 weeks) of mechanical ventilation and 854 hours (5 weeks) of spontaneous breathing. Complete independence of the infant from mechanical ventilation was achieved thereafter.DiscussionThis case report describes respiratory muscle training using a linear pressure load device to successfully wean an infant from mechanical ventilation. However, well-controlled clinical trials are necessary to better understand the effects of this intervention on neonatal respiratory muscles.
Establishment and characterization of a primary human chordoma xenograft model
Authors: Siu I-Mei , Salmasi Vafi , Orr Brent A. , Zhao Qi , Binder Zev A. , Tran Christine , Ishii Masaru , Riggins Gregory J. , Hann Christine L. , Gallia Gary L. 
Published: January 2012

Object
Chordomas are rare tumors arising from remnants of the notochord. Because of the challenges in achieving a complete resection, the radioresistant nature of these tumors, and the lack of effective chemotherapeutics, the median survival for patients with chordomas is approximately 6 years. Reproducible preclinical model systems that closely mimic the original patient's tumor are essential for the development and evaluation of effective therapeutics. Currently, there are only a few established chordoma cell lines and no primary xenograft model. In this study, the authors aimed to develop a primary chordoma xenograft model.

Methods
The authors implanted independent tumor samples from 2 patients into athymic nude mice. The resulting xenograft line was characterized by histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining. The patient's tumor and serial passages of the xenograft were genomically analyzed using a 660,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism array.

Results
A serially transplantable xenograft was established from one of the 2 patient samples. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 of the primary patient sample and the xenografts confirmed that the xenografts were identical to the original chordoma obtained from the patient. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis confirmed the presence of brachyury, a recently described marker of chordomas, in the tumor from the patient and each of the xenografts. Genome-wide variation was assessed between the patient's tumor and the xenografts and was found to be more than 99.9% concordant.

Conclusions
To the best of their knowledge, the authors have established the first primary chordoma xenograft that will provide a useful preclinical model for this disease and a platform for therapeutic development.
In vivo intraoperative confocal microscopy for real-time histopathological imaging of brain tumors
Authors: Eschbacher Jennifer , Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Nakaji Peter , Sanai Nader , Preul Mark C. , Smith Kris A. , Coons Stephen W. , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: January 2012

Object
Frozen-section analysis is the current standard for the intraoperative diagnosis of brain tumors. Intraoperative confocal microscopy is an emerging technology with the potential to visualize tumor histopathological features and cell morphology in real time. The authors report their findings using this new intraoperative technology in vivo with sodium fluorescein contrast during the course of 50 microsurgical tumor resections.

Methods
Eighty-eight regions were visualized with confocal microscopy, and corresponding biopsy samples were examined with routine neuropathological analysis. The tumors studied included meningiomas, schwannomas, gliomas of various grades, and a hemangioblastoma. The confocal microscopic features of each tumor and of various artifacts inherent to the technology were documented. A pathologist working in a blinded fashion reviewed a subset of the images in a further evaluation of the usefulness of the device as a diagnostic tool.

Results
Overall, intraoperative confocal imaging correlated surprisingly well with corresponding traditional histological findings, including the identification of many pathognomonic cytoarchitectural features of various brain tumors. In the blinded study, 26 (92.9%) of 28 lesions were diagnosed correctly.

Conclusions
Further study will be necessary for better definition of the role of intraoperative confocal microscopy as a routine adjunct for intraoperative brain tumor diagnosis.
Indirect foraminal decompression after lateral transpsoas interbody fusion
Authors: Kepler Christopher K. , Sharma Amit K. , Huang Russel C. , Meredith Dennis S. , Girardi Federico P. , Cammisa Frank P. , Sama Andrew A. 
Published: January 2012

Object
Lateral transpsoas interbody fusion (LTIF) permits anterior column lumbar interbody fusion via a direct lateral approach. The authors sought to answer 3 questions. First, what is the effect of LTIF on lumbar foraminal area? Second, how does interbody cage placement affect intervertebral height? And third, how does the change in foraminal area and cage position correlate with changes in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) scores?

Methods
Included patients underwent LTIF with or without posterior instrumentation and received preoperative and postoperative CT scans. Disc heights, neural foraminal area between adjacent-level pedicles, and anteroposterior cage position were measured from sagittal CT images. Preoperative and postoperative ODI and SF-12 scores were matched with the change in foraminal area from the clinically most severely affected side for analysis of the relationship between outcomes instruments and change in foraminal area.

Results
Average foraminal area increased by 36.2 mm2, or 35% of the preoperative area (p < 0.01), without statistically significant differences by side, level, or anteroposterior cage position. Preoperative anterior and posterior disc heights measured 6.2 mm and 3.7 mm, respectively, compared with postoperative measurements of 9.8 mm (p < 0.01) and 6.3 mm (p < 0.01), respectively, without significant differences by level or cage position. Despite significant overall improvement in ODI and SF-12 scores, there was no correlation with foraminal area increase.

Conclusions
Average foraminal area increased approximately 35% after cage placement without variation based on cage position. While ODI and SF-12 scores increased significantly, there was no significant association with cage position or foraminal area change, likely attributable to the multifactorial nature of preoperative pain.
Les mouvements de population dans l'arrondissement de Limoges
Authors: Pallier Ginette 
Published: January 2012

From 1968 to 1982 the population of the « arrondissement » of Limoges has increased, but very irregularly. Apart from some of their main towns, the population of rural « cantons » has fallen whilst that of the suburban « cantons » has increased.
The determining factor has been that immigration has outpaced emigration. The population of the most rural parishes has diminished in favour of the résidentiel parishes close to Limoges whilst the situation of those further out has remained stable. Limoges is a pole of attraction for the people coming from the country and who live preferably in the immediate suburbs.