bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P01-393 - Probability in Medicine and in Psychiatry - in the Light of Immanuel Kant's Philosophy
Authors: Mäser O. 
Published: June 2010

Probability is just as relevant in psychiatry as it is in medicine; the great difference lies in its significance.Through reference to Immanuel Kant's knowledge, this significance, and the ensuing consequences, are discussed in view of scientific psychiatric studies and pending revision of the psychiatric categories of the ICD-10 for the ICD-11 classification.Most medical diagnoses are based on signs and symptoms.Psychiatric diagnoses are based on phenomena and symptoms, as are certain other medical diagnoses.Psychiatric diagnoses provide the foundation for scientific study and lead to philosophical probability, which Immanuel Kant called “philosophische Wahrscheinlichkeit” in German.Medical Diagnoses, being based on objective signs, which refer to real objects, objects in an absolute sense, lead instead to mathematical probability, “mathematische Wahrscheinlichkeit” in German.The difference between philosophical and mathematical probability will be shown through reference to Kant's works.Knowledge based on mathematical probability commands greater authority than knowledge based on philosophical probability, as a comparison of the value ot two studies would demonstrate: one study naming the diagnosis luetic encephalitis, based on objective signs, and one study with the former diagnosis progressive paralysis, based on phenomena and symptoms.This knowledge difference reflects, for example, continuing psychiatric research to find physical parameters for the mental disorder we call schizophrenia.
P01-395 - Stability Over Time of Diagnoses in a Clinical Population of a Psychiatric Clinic. Preliminary Findings
Authors: Ntoumanis A. , Voutsinos A. , Ioannou A. , Kondylis I. , Tsoura A. , Lavrentiadis G. , Giouzepas I. , Garyfallos G. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionStability of psychiatric disorders has increased with the introduction of DSM-III and ICD-9 criteria. A scrutiny of these claims is important so as to ascertain possible disease co-morbidity or fluctuation of symptoms over time.ObjectivesTo evaluate the long-term stability of psychiatric diagnoses given in first-time patients of an Acute Mental Ward of a Psychiatric clinic.MethodsWe reviewed a total of 918 patients who received psychiatric care in the Acute Mental Ward of our Clinic from 2004 to 2009.ResultsAs expected, results varied according to how many years have elapsed since the initial admission. The highest number of readmissions was in the 2004 group, with 61 patients out of 194 being readmitted since then and 20 of those having their initial diagnoses changed in some way. Stability of diagnosis in broad diagnostic categories (psychotic disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse) was generally high. Changes in diagnoses between admissions were mostly in cases with suspected bipolarity of affect, dual diagnosis in Axis I (severe mental illness concurrent with substance abuse) and/or personality disorders in Axis II.ConclusionsThe temporal consistency of mental disorders was moderate. Although initial and subsequent diagnoses tended to remain within the broad diagnostic category, cases with lability of mood, personality disorders, and those receiving dual diagnoses were problematic. The relative stability of diagnoses in the psychotic spectrum is most likely due to them being inpatients. The high number of re-admissions and subsequent changes in diagnosis necessitates further study.
P01-400 - Complementary and Necessary Role of Developmental Psychopathology to that of Medical Model Based Descriptive Psychopathology
Authors: Santosh Kumar K.M. , Pradhan S. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionManagement of mentally unwell people and understanding of mental disorder in general has swung from the earlier, Meyer-ian (DSM founder) developmental approaches to the more commonly practised medical/disease model of the mind rooted in the quest for “hard” evidence in macro and micro level changes.Sadly, it is made out that these two schools are at conflict, or at best exist in dialectic with each other and that one needs to be practised at the expense of the other. This belief is extended to assessment and management of risk to self and harm to others (bio-psycho-social approach mainly receiving a lip service), which is one of the primary outcome measures in psychiatry.The training in cure-oriented model of medicine is in contrast to the bread and butter of what a psychiatrist deals within a day to day setting: recovery and rehabilitation of chronic remitting and relapsing illnesses. The psychiatrist thus left with an armoury of descriptive based approaches to deal with behaviour patterns that are seemingly irrational and leading to serious outcomes such as suicide and harm to others.Highly specific interest in the nature/form of illness has ironically led to the sacrifice of sensitivity of the person's story, which brought the patient to us in the first place.ConclusionWe suggest that in addition to “routine case management” the risk that patients present to self and others becomes comprehensive and an interesting exercise, leading to better outcomes for both patients and their guardians by marrying the two approaches.
P02-18 - Systematic Review: Chlorpromazine for Psychosis Induced Aggression or Agitation
Authors: Ahmed U. , Jones H. , Adams C. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo examine the effects of chlorpromazine for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation.MethodWe searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (2008) for randomised control trials or double blind trials implying randomisation, comparing chlorpromazine with another drug or placebo for people thought to be acutely aggressive due to psychotic illness. For selected studies we extracted data and calculated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis, based on a fixed-effects model.Results118 studies were identified, two met inclusion criteria. One compared oral chlorpromazine with oral thioridazine and one intramuscular chlorpromazine with intramuscular haloperidol.Those allocated chlorpromazine did not remain on medication (RR 2.00 CI 0.94 to 4.26), or stay in hospital (RR 1.87 CI 0.70 to 4.95) longer than those allocated thioridazine. No differences were found for adverse effects.Those allocated chlorpromazine were no more likely to have one (RR 3.00 CI 0.13 to 68.26), 2-4 (RR 0.90 CI 0.52 to 1.55) or 5+ (RR 0.75 CI 0.20 to 2.79) injections than those allocated haloperidol. Two patients allocated chlorpromazine had, serious hypotension (RR 5.00 CI 0.26 to 96.13), one developed status epilepticus (RR 3.00 CI 0.13 to 68.26), no one allocated haloperidol had these effectsConclusionOverall the quality of evidence is limited and dated. Chlorpromazine was just as effective as similar medicines, but it may be associated with more side effects. Where better, more evaluated drugs are available it may be best to avoid using chlorpromazine. Carefully designed clinical trials are urgently needed.
P02-26 - Attention to Patients with Eating Disorders in a Mental Health Center: a Descriptive Study
Authors: Campos Mangas M.C. , Ruiz Feliu M.A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe eating disorders are a group of complex psychiatric disorders, severe and frequent medical complications.symptoms occur along a continuum between the extremes of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. so, we found that more than half of patients develop anorexic and bulimic symptoms that many bulimic patients have a history of anorexia.ObjectivesWe analyzed sociodemographic and clinical variables of a sample of patients attending our clinic within the study period from January to September 2009.MethodsWe performed a retrospective descriptive study with data collected from the medical records of 42 patients treated in our mental health center within the study period, who met diagnostic criteria for eating disorders.ResultsRegarding the demographics variables, most of the sample are women (96%), average age 23.5 years, single marital status (54.8%), from middle class (74.1%).in relation to family history, 53.8% in any family member with pathologies, where mothers have the highest percentage. in personal ancedentes, we found that 35% had childhood obesity and anorexia in 14% of children.the average age of disease onset was 15.6 years. 66.8% of the sample had had bulimic behavior and the majority (92%) compensatory behaviors.ConclusionsThe eating disorders are a group of chronic and severe. data analysis of our sample showed a profile similar to those provided by epidemiological studies: most women, single, between 10 and 25 years, middle class. Have symptoms frequently comorbid anxiety and depression.
P02-30 - Current Trends in Nonmedical Use of Prescription Extended-release Amphetamines and Methylphenidate
Authors: Lindholm A. , Varughese S. , Sembower M.A. , Shiffman S. , Schnoll S.H. , Ertischek M.D. , St. Jean E. , Rosen S. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo examine rates of nonmedical use (NMU) of prescription extended-release (ER) amphetamines and ER methylphenidate, relative to availability.MethodsPrescribing data were acquired from IMS Health. Data relevant to ER amphetamine and ER methylphenidate were collected from two studies in the RADARS® (Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance) System (Q3 2007-Q2 2009). First, the Drug Diversion System provides a law enforcement perspective based on surveys of diversion investigators throughout the US. Second, the Poison Center System provides data on exposures to prescription drugs based on spontaneous calls. RADARS System data are presented as rates per 1,000 Unique Recipients of Dispensed Drug (URDD) to account for drug availability.ResultsFrom July 2007-June 2009, 18,315,404 prescriptions were filled for ER amphetamines, 26,674,152 for ER methylphenidate. RADARS System Drug Diversion trends nearly overlap for ER amphetamine and ER methylphenidate, relative to URDD (running average of 0.042 vs. 0.024 drug diversion reports per 1,000 URDD). Similarly, trends in RADARS System Poison Center calls are generally similar for ER amphetamine and ER methylphenidate, although ER amphetamine trends slightly lower (running average of 0.15 vs. 0.22 intentional exposures per 1,000 URDD).ConclusionsTrends from the US RADARS System, which controls for utilization rates, suggest diversion and poison center call rates are similar for ER amphetamine and ER methylphenidate.Supported by funding from Shire Development Inc.
P02-53 - Isdiminished Responsibility Relevant? Expiriences in Macedonia
Authors: Danevski G. 
Published: June 2010

Is Deminished Responsibility (diminished Capacity) relevant today? Are those jurisdictions that have abolished this defense harsh and unreasonable?Diminished Responsibility occurs when person commits a unlawful homicide and are suffering from a serious and recognized psychiatric disorder (with the exeption of personality disorder) which is of a temporary nature but may be one episode in a chronic illness and the offence occurs as a result of this psychiatric disorder. There has tobe concomitant serious impairment of cognition and/or judgment and/or affect at the time of the offence due to the psychiatric disorder which led to strong and substantial reduction of responsibility and culpability. Personality disorder by itself is not enough and must have other serious and recognized psychiatric disorder as well. If the Jury is convinced that all these conditions are met on the balance of probabilitics then the charge of murder is to be reduced to manslaughter. I would foresse that the reverse onus of proof should stay and that it would be up to the defendant to prove that he was impaired at the time of the offence then for the prosecution to displace this defence (once it is set up by the defendant) beyond reasonable doubt.
P02-56 - Child Pornography as a Risk Factor for Hands on Sex-offending?
Authors: Endrass J. , Rossegger A. 
Published: June 2010

Whether consumers of child pornography pose a risk for hands-on sex offenses is debated. Very few studies have analyzed the association between the consumption of child pornography and the subsequent perpetration of hands-on sex offenses. Using the data of a longitudinal study of 231 male child pornography users, we examined the recidivism rates for hands-on and hands-off sex offenses after a 6 year follow-up period. The Criminal history, as well as recidivism, was assessed using the criminal records from 2008.4.8% (n = 11) of the study sample had a prior conviction for a sexual and/or violent offense, 1% (n = 2) for a hands-on sex offense, involving child sexual abuse, 3.3% (n = 8) for a hands-off sex offense and one for a nonsexual violent offense. When applying a broad definition of recidivism, which included ongoing investigations, charges and convictions, 3% (n = 7) of the study sample recidivated with a violent and/or sex offense, 3.9% (n = 9) with a hands-off sex offense and 0.8% (n = 2) with a hands-on sex offense.These data suggest, that consuming child pornography alone is not a risk factor for committing hands-on sex offenses - at least not for those subjects who had never committed a hands-on sex offense. The majority of the investigated consumers had no previous convictions for hands-on sex offenses. For those offenders, the prognosis for hands-on sex offenses, as well as for recidivism with child pornography, is favorable.
P02-69 - Social and Clinical Characteristics Convicted Mentally Ill Males and Females, Which are Needed Inpatient Treatment
Authors: Malkin D. 
Published: June 2010

In aim to give a more precise definition dynamic treats of mental disorders in convicted population, criteria of their penitentiary legal capacity 160 subjects were examined. Participants were 73,2% males, and 26,8% females.The revealed unique features of the inmates reflect general tendency of increasing the number of marginal persons in the institutions of confinement. They were: low parental family status, drug abuse heredity loading, insufficient education level, limited professional skills, releasing from statuary service commitment, negative interpersonal and employment history.Specific features of female mentally ill inmates were the following: commitment due to offenders against persons, adolescence and early adulthood age, correspondingly commitment and psychiatric treatment at first time, the country side residence, psychiatric heredity loading, and repeated auto aggressive acts. They demonstrated desadaptation in the institutions of confinement, aggressiveness to others inmates and the stаff members, scratching and attempts of suffocation. The last one was the reason for hospitalization. Moreover, they were needed in long term treatment. Prevalence of personality and non psychotic disorders were registered.Different features were specific for the male sample. Among them - institution of criminal proceedings against property, history of long-term commitment, recidivism and reiterated involvement in criminal proceedings and correctional units, city residence, low status in criminal subculture, scratching and declaration go on hunger strike, practice blackmail and opposite behavior against administration of state penitentiary. They have often resorted to psychiatrists, and were needed in repeated hospitalizations. Brain damages, prevalence of internal symptoms in psychogenic disorders and psychotic states.
P02-72 - Clinical Assessment of Competence to Consent to Sexual Activity in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders. A Preliminary Study
Authors: Mandarelli G. , Zangaro S. , Azzoni A. , Raja M. , Tatarelli R. , Ferracuti S. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo develop a clinician-oriented semi-structured interview for the assessment of sexual consent: the Sexual Consent Competency Assessment Scale (SCAS). To assess sexual consent competence in a sample of hospitalized patients, affected by bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenic spectrum disorders (SSD, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder).MethodsPatients were recruited at the Psychiatric ward of S. Spirito Hospital, Rome and diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. The SCAS items were derived and adapted from Kennedy et al. (Am J Ment Retard 2001;106:503-510). The scale items were directly rated by 2 independent clinicians, on a 3-point Likert Scale corresponding to 3 possible outcomes: capable, marginally capable or incapable. Internal consistency, test-retest and inter rater-reliability were good. Principal component factor analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was applied.ResultsFifty-four BD patients (51.9% females) and 31 SSD patients (71.0% females) were recruited (mean age, years: 38.1±13.4; 38.4±9.7 respectively; p=0.91). BD patients had better sexual consent competence compared to SSD, there were no gender differences. Cognitive functioning as measured by the Raven Progressive Matrices appeared to moderate the relationship between diagnostic group and sexual consent decisional capacity, with better scores corresponding to higher competence. PCA revealed two interpretable factors 1) cognitive-emotional and 2) consequences-prevention. There were no significant group differences between BP and SSD in the second factor.ConclusionThe SCAS proved good psychometric validity and reliability. Patients with bipolar disorder showed better sexual consent competence compared to schizophrenic spectrum disorders.
P02-73 - Stress and Mental Health in Criminals Serving a Sentence in Prison and Serving Another Alternative Punishment: a Comparative Study
Authors: Musavi S.A. , Rahimnia M. , Ebrahimzadeh M. 
Published: June 2010

AimsTo compare stress and mental health in criminals serving a sentence in prison and serving an alternative punishment.Method120 offenders were randomly selected (60 in prison (imprisoned group=IG), 60 undergoing an alternative punishment (Not Imprisoned Group=NIG)), and were assessed using SCL90-R and Coudron's Stress Scale.ResultsAll of 9 Symptom Scales of SCL90-R and levels of stress in the Stress Inventory were significantly higher in IG than NIG.ConclusionThese findings suggest that other alternatives for prison (fines, punishment suspension, deprivation of social rights, restricted liberty…) have the advantage of better mental health and less stress experience by convicts; factors crucial for the criminals’ rehabilitation and social adjustment.
P02-75 - Risk and Harm Assessment Tools: is it a Full Circle?
Authors: Santosh Kumar K.M. , Pradhan S. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionPsychiatric patients have a rather infamous, albeit widely publicised distinction of causing harm to themselves: at times leading to suicide and equally worryingly for society: harm to others occasionally leading to homicide.There is a collateral knock-on distress, aside of incremental cost effects to various members of society, inclusive of both parties. These acts resulting in harm are termed “irrational”, “mad”, “and dangerous” and were deemed predictable. No doubt, improved psychotropic medications, evolving teams with greater responsibilities and incorporating ever improving psychological therapies have improved delivery of high quality care to our patients.However, the quest for a standardised, valid, generalisable, user friendly risk tool remains elusive, albeit increasingly improving, or is it?Psychiatrists now more than ever are tasked with the challenge of assessing, managing and preventing if not predicting such harm and to aid seamless recovery and rehabilitation into society and thereof.Risk assessment has gone through four generations of tools/ methods. All have their merits and areas that can be improved upon. Significantly, all emphasise a time limited and context driven assessment rather than one off documents. Each method has its place and time and contribute not only to effective risk management but also to recovery oriented treatments and facilitating, monitoring and supervising optimal rehabilitation needs of psychiatric patients.ConclusionIn this poster we follow the journey of risk assessment tools ranging from the “unstructured/clinician based” to START (Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability), pondering if we have now come full circle?
P02-79 - Community Forensic Mental Health Service, Hertfordshire- Referrals and Response Audit
Authors: Sharma J. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionCommunity forensic mental health teams are a new service within the widening range of specialized community services, providing an interface between Generic and Forensic Services. Few teams have been set up in the UK, and many have been developed without a pilot scheme. The service in Hertfordshire was established in 2004, with no previous audits or reports done to evaluate the working of this team.ObjectivesThis work aims to ascertain and evaluate the role of this service, comparing with standards formulated in accordance to guidelines set by Clinical Governance bodies such as NICE, DoH, FR&D, Sainsbury Centre, following principles outlined in the Reed Report. It also identifies gaps in the service and recommends implementing changes to improve clinical effectiveness.MethodsA literature review was conducted to outline the characteristics of a community forensic service. Referrals over 12 months from July 2007 until July 2008 were analysed to look into the number, source, appropriateness, acceptance, response time and response methods. Data collection involved review of notes including meeting minutes, computerised notes and patient file. Information was recorded against a question template. Analyses are represented with use of graphs.Resultsindicated the number of referrals and the quality of response from the team.ConclusionsService gaps were identified, and recommendations were made to implement proposed changes. The completion of the Audit cycle which is due in December this year will add to the evidence base which can then guide development of newer teams or improvement in functioning of existing teams.
P02-80 - Steroid Hormones in Patients with Personality Disorders in Conditions of Social Isolation
Authors: Stoyak V. , Ivanova S. , Bokhan N. , Gusev S. 
Published: June 2010

According to literature data, steroid hormones are involved in developments of various behavior deviations.ObjectiveThe research aims to investigate the steroid hormones level alterations among subjects with personality disorders in conditions of social isolation.Material and methodsSerum levels of cortisol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were measured in 58 males with personality disorders (convicted of murder) and in 49 physically and mentally healthy males (convicted of property crimes) being in conditions of social isolation. The control group consisted of 30 physically and mentally healthy males. The hormone serum levels were measured by ELISA method.ResultsIn comparison with the control group the increase of cortisol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone concentration in patients in conditions of social isolation have been observed. Concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the investigated groups did not differ from the control group.Patients with personality disorders have shown a trend toward cortisol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone level increase as compared with physically and mentally healthy males convicted of property crimes. Concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the investigated groups did not differ from the control group.No correlations between steroid hormones levels and time spent in conditions of social isolation have been observedConclusionsIncrease of cortisol, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone level is associated with criminal behavior, but also it might be a consequence of influence of the factor of social isolation.