bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and tentative structure elucidation of new anthocyanins in fruit peel of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (meoru) using LC‐MS/MS: Contribution to the overall antioxidant activity
Authors: Choi Jin Young , Lee Soo Jung , Lee Sung Joong , Park Semin , Lee Jung Han , Shim Jae‐Han , El‐Aty A. M. Abd , Jin Jong‐Sung , Jeong Euh‐Duck , Lee Won Sup , Shin Sung Chul 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe skin of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (meoru) grown wild in the Republic of Korea was analyzed for anthocyanins via HPLC coupled to ESI‐MS/MS in positive ion mode. Chromatographic separation was conducted via RP HPLC using a C18 column, with a 50‐min gradient from 0 to 80% methanol in water containing 0.5% formic acid. A total of 18 anthocyanins were identified. Among them, nine compounds were newly determined by comparing the retention time (tR) and mass fragmentation patterns with those of the previously reported anthocyanins for other grape varieties: malvidin hexose, peonidin 3‐galactoside, malvidin 3‐galactoside, cyanidin, petunidin, petunidin 3‐(6″‐coumaroyl)‐5‐diglucoside, peonidin, malvidin, and malvidin 3‐(6″‐coumaroyl)‐5‐diglucoside. The antioxidant activity of the V. coignetiae Pulliat anthocyanins was determined via 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation assays in a range of concentration from 25 to 500 mg/L. The capacity increased with concentration. The IC50 values, defined as the concentration of sample required to scavenge 50% of free radicals, were calculated as follows: 189.63±11.31 mg/L and 141.29±6.70 mg/L for 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the V. coignetiae Pulliat anthocyanins is substantially higher than that of ascorbic acid and is similar to the effects of the extracts obtained from other grape varieties.
Model for the partition of neutral compounds between n‐heptane and formamide
Authors: Karunasekara Thushara , Poole Colin F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPartition coefficients for 84 varied compounds were determined for n‐heptane–formamide biphasic partition system and used to derive a model for the distribution of neutral compounds between the n‐heptane‐rich and formamide‐rich layers. The partition coefficients, log Kp, were correlated through the solvation parameter model giving log Kp=0.083+0.559E–2.244S–3.250A–1.614B+2.387V with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.996, standard error of the estimate 0.139, and Fisher statistic 1791. In the model, the solute descriptors are excess molar refraction, E, dipolarity/polarizability, S, overall hydrogen‐bond acidity, A, overall hydrogen‐bond basicity, B, and McGowan's characteristic volume, V. The model is expected to be able to estimate further values of the partition coefficient to about 0.13 log units for the same descriptor space covered by the calibration compounds (E=−0.26–2.29, S=0–1.93, A=0–1.25, B=0.02–1.58, and V=0.78–2.50). The n‐heptane–formamide partition system is shown to have different selectivity to other totally organic biphasic systems and to be suitable for estimating descriptor values for compounds of low water solubility and/or stability.
Preparation and properties of water‐absorbent composites of chloroprene rubber, starch, and sodium acrylate
Authors: Song Shuai‐Shuai , Qi Hong‐Bin , Wu You‐Ping 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe effects of the amounts of starch, sodium acrylate (NaAA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on the properties of chloroprene rubber (CR)/starch/NaAA composites prepared by melting method were investigated. The results showed that the addition of starch improved the mechanical properties, but decreased the water‐absorbing capacity of the composite, most likely due to the decrease in the local concentration of the main water‐absorbing material sodium polyacrylate and the increase in crosslinking density of the composite resulting from the reaction between starch and CR. This reaction was verified by the vulcanized curves, DSC curves, and the cut surface morphology. The as‐prepared composite demonstrated higher water‐absorbing capacity, resulting from the incorporation of NaAA. The mechanical properties decreased with increasing the DCP loading, and the water‐absorbing ratio is the maximum at 1.0 phr DCP. The tensile strength of the composite decreased significantly after water immersion, due to the absorbed water acting as a plasticizer. The extracted component from composites after water immersion is mainly sodium polyacrylate according to Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy analysis. The morphology of the composites before and after water immersion was observed by optical transmission microscopy (OTM). The results indicated that the starch exhibits a good dispersion state, and the water‐absorbing capacity results primarily from sodium polyacrylate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors of hydroxyethyl cellulose‐g‐poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite
Authors: Wang Jinlei , Wang Wenbo , Wang Aiqin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this work, a series of novel hydroxyethyl cellulose‐ g‐poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite (HEC‐g‐PAA/APT) superabsorbent composites were prepared through the graft polymerization of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), partially neutralized acrylic acid (AA), and attapulgite (APT) in aqueous solution, and the composites were characterized by means of Fourier‐transform spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electronmicroscopy. The effects of polymerization variables including concentrations of the initiator and crosslinker and APT content on water absorbency were studied, and the swelling properties in various pH solutions as well as the swelling kinetics in various saline solutions were also systematically evaluated. Results showed that the introduction of 5 wt% APT into HEC‐g‐PAA polymeric network could improve both water absorbency and water absorption rate of the superabsorbent composites. In addition, the superabsorbent composites retained high water absorbency over a wide pH range of 4–10, and the swelling kinetics of the superabsorbent composites in CaCl2 and FeCl3 solutions exhibited a remarkable overshooting phenomenon. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Quantum criticality and novel phases: A panel discussion
Authors: Coleman Piers 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn August 2009, physicists gathered in Dresden for a conference on “Quantum Criticality and Novel Phases.” As one part of the meeting, nine panelists hosted an open and free‐wheeling discussion on the topic of the meeting. This article outlines the discussions that took place during this panel‐meeting on the afternoon of August 3, 2009.
Nuchal fold thickness, nasal bone absence or hypoplasia, ductus venosus reversed flow and tricuspid valve regurgitation in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 in the early second trimester
Authors: Geipel A. , Willruth A. , Vieten J. , Gembruch U. , Berg C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the performance of nuchal fold thickness, nasal bone hypoplasia, reversed flow in the ductus venosus and tricuspid valve regurgitation in the prediction of fetal aneuploidies in the early second trimester.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 870 fetuses at 14 + 0 to 17 + 6 weeks of gestation, performed from 2005 to 2007. In all cases we assessed classical structural anomalies, second‐trimester markers of aneuploidy including nuchal fold thickness and nasal bone length, as well as ductus venosus blood flow pattern and tricuspid valve regurgitation.ResultsThe study group included 37 fetuses with trisomy 21, eight with trisomy 18 and four with trisomy 13. Nasal bone hypoplasia was the single most sensitive parameter to identify fetuses with trisomy 21. Independent from maternal age, screening by assessment of nuchal fold and nasal bone identified 64.9% of cases with trisomy 21 and 66.7% of cases with trisomy 18/13 (false‐positive rate (FPR), 5.8%). By including ductus venosus and tricuspid flow evaluation, the detection rate increased to 75.7% for trisomy 21 and 83.3% for trisomy 18/13 (FPR, 10.8%). Identification of fetuses with structural abnormalities combined with assessment of all four markers under investigation raised the detection rate of trisomy 21 to 83.9% and that of trisomy 18/13 to 100%. The sensitivity of classical second‐trimester markers was 62.2% for trisomy 21 and 70.6% for other autosomal aneuploidies (FPR, 11.3%).ConclusionThe combination of assessment of nuchal fold thickness, nasal bone hypoplasia, ductus venosus reversed flow and tricuspid regurgitation in the early second trimester is associated with a higher detection rate of autosomal trisomies compared with classical second‐trimester marker screening. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐utero development of the fetal anal sphincter
Authors: Moon M. H. , Cho J. Y. , Kim J. H. , Min J. Y. , Yang J. H. , Kim M. Y. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the in‐utero development of the fetal anal sphincter using transabdominal ultrasound.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study in which the diameter of the fetal anal sphincter was measured sonographically once in 631 well‐dated, non‐anomalous fetuses scanned between 19 and 38 weeks of gestation. Visualization rates were determined. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the diameter of the fetal anal sphincter and gestational age (GA), and reference values including the mean and 95% reference interval were calculated for each GA.ResultsThe sonographic visualization rate of the fetal anal sphincter increased with gestational age, plateauing at 90–100% between 23–34 weeks of gestation. There was a significant positive relationship between fetal anal sphincter diameter and GA, which was best described by the equation: anal sphincter diameter (mm) = − 0.014× GA2 + 1.107× GA − 11.664 (R2 = 0.62).ConclusionWe have provided reference values for the in‐utero development of the fetal anal sphincter throughout gestation. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of language acquisition
Authors: de Villiers Peter A. , de Villiers Jill G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis review addresses questions of what should be assessed in language acquisition, and how to do it. The design of a language assessment is crucially connected to its purpose, whether for diagnosis, development of an intervention plan, or for research. Precise profiles of language strengths and weaknesses are required for clear definitions of the phenotypes of particular language and neurodevelopmental disorders. The benefits and costs of formal tests versus language sampling assessments are reviewed. Content validity, theoretically and empirically grounded in child language acquisition, is claimed to be centrally important for appropriate assessment. Without this grounding, links between phenomena can be missed, and interpretations of underlying difficulties can be compromised. Sensitivity and specificity of assessment instruments are often assessed using a gold standard of existing tests and diagnostic practices, but problems arise if that standard is biased against particular groups or dialects. The paper addresses the issues raised by the goal of unbiased assessment of children from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, especially speakers of non‐mainstream dialects or bilingual children. A variety of new approaches are discussed for language assessment, including dynamic assessment, experimental tools such as intermodal preferential looking, and training studies that assess generalization. Stress is placed on the need for measures of the process of acquisition rather than just levels of achievement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Palladium(IV) Polyoxomolybdate, K0.75Na3.75[PdMo6O24H3.5]·17H2O
Authors: Angus‐Dunne Sarah , Burns Robert C. , Craig Donald C. , Lawrance Geoffrey A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe first example of a heteropolyoxomolybdate containing palladium(IV) was isolated and characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The palladium(IV) hexamolybdate, K0.75Na3.75[PdMo6O24H3.5]·17H2O, was isolated from an aqueous solution at pH 4.5 in the space group P\bar{1}, a 10.790(2), b 12.244(3), c 14.086(3) Å, α 113.77(1), β 90.41(1),γ 107.86(1)°, and the structure was determined using X‐ray diffraction methods, refining to a residual of 0.0301 for 5334 reflections. A formal “[PdMo6O24H3]5–” subunit exhibits the basic Anderson structure, with two [PdMo6O24H3]5– cluster anions in the structure bridged by a hydrogen atom (formally an H+) situated on a center of symmetry to give a “[Pd2Mo12O48H7]9–” dimeric anion. The palladium(IV) atom occupies a slightly distorted octahedral environment, with Pd–O distances ranging from 1.968 to 2.009 Å.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of the New Boride Solid Solutions M0.5Ru6.5B3 (M = Cr, Mn, Co, Ni)
Authors: Misse Patrick R. N. , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPowder samples and single crystals of the borides M0.5Ru6.5B3 (M = Cr, Mn, Co, Ni) were synthesized by arc‐melting the elements in a water‐cooled copper crucible under argon. The new phases were structurally characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction as well as EDX‐Analyses. They crystallize in the hexagonal Th7Fe3 structure type (space group P63mc, no. 186, Z = 2) and a pronounced site preferential M/Ru substitution is observed. Magnetic properties of the compounds were investigated and Pauli paramagnetism was observed in all cases. However, a strong temperature dependency is subsequently observed in Mn0.5Ru6.5B3 below 250 K, but no hint of magnetic ordering was found.
Chloride Derivatives of Lanthanide Ortho‐Oxomolybdates:, 3. Crystal Structures, Spectroscopic Studies, and Magnetic Properties of the LnCl[MoO4] Representatives with the Large Lanthanides (Ln = La, Ce, Pr)
Authors: Hartenbach Ingo , Schleid Thomas , Strobel Sabine , Dorhout Peter K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe lanthanide chloride ortho‐oxomolybdates LnCl[MoO4] (Ln = La, Ce, Pr) crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c(a = 1921–1906 pm, b ≈︁ 580 pm, c = 804–789 pm, β ≈︁ 90.04°, Z = 8).In the crystal structure, two crystallographically unique Ln3+ cations are present, both with the same coordination environment of four Cl– and six O2– anions in the shape of a distorted tetracapped trigonal prism. The two distinguishable Cl– anions both display a coordination sphere of three plus one Ln3+ cations, building up distorted tetrahedra. These are fused together via four common edges to form litharge‐analogous
${}^2_\infty\{[\textrm{Cl} \textit{Ln}^e_{4/4}]^{2+}\}$layers (e = edge‐connecting) parallel to the (100) plane. Two crystallographically different oxomolybdate units are also found in the structure, which can be best described as strandsof apically vertex‐shared [MoO5]4– trigonal bipyramids of the formula ${}^1_\infty\{[\textrm{MoO}^\nu_{2/2}\textrm{O}^t_{3/1}}]^{2-}\}$ (v = vertex‐connecting, t = terminal) along [001]. These building blocks, the ${}^2_\infty\{[\textrm{Cl} \textit{Ln}^e_{4/4}]^{2+}\}$ layers and the${}^1_\infty\{[\textrm{MoO}^\nu_{2/2}\textrm{O}^t_{3/1}}]^{2-}\}$ chains are alternately stacked along the a axis. The peculiarity of this structure is expressed by the position of the Mo6+ cations, which are not situated in the center of the bipyramids, but reside offset in their lower or upper trigonal pyramids (≈︁ tetrahedra). The Mo6+ cations with an x / a parameter between 0 and 0.5 can be found within the lower trigonal pyramids of those bipyramids (if viewed along the [001] direction), whereas those with 0.5 < x / a < 1 are located in the upper trigonal pyramid. Therefore, an alternating arrangement of the strands is observed. Due to the special constitution of the Ln3+ cations in distorted litharge‐analogous layers, a special magnetic effect was assumed, but in phase‐pure samples of e.g. CeCl[MoO4] mainly Curie–Weiss behavior could be detected.
Synthesis and Molecular Structures of Tetrasilyl Ethers of Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Strasser Ulf H. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe tetrasilyl ethers calix[4]areneOSiMe2R (R = Me, H, vinyl, allyl) were prepared by salt elimination; the calix[4]arene was deprotonated with sodium hydride and subsequently reacted with chlorosilanes ClSiMe2R. In general, DMF was chosen as solvent in order to steer the reactions in terms of a preference for the cone‐conformation of the products. In the case of calix[4]areneOSiMe3 both, partial‐cone‐ and cone‐conformers, were synthesised. All products were characterised by NMR (1H, 13C, 29Si) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Was There Shortening of the Interval Between Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Southern Netherlands Between 2005 and 2008?
Authors: van Steenbergen L. N. , Lemmens V. E. P. P. , Rutten H. J. T. , Martijn H. , Coebergh J. W. W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe Dutch Cancer Society proposed that the interval between diagnosis and start of treatment should be less than 15 working days. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the interval from diagnosis to treatment for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) shortened between 2005 and 2008 in hospitals in southern Netherlands.MethodsPatients with CRC diagnosed in six hospitals in southern Netherlands during January to December in 2005 (n = 445) and January to July in 2008 (n = 353) were included. The time between diagnosis and start of treatment was assessed, and the proportion of patients treated within the recommended time (<15 working days) was calculated.ResultsThe time to treatment for colon cancer patients was 13 working days in 2005 and 17 working days in 2008. For rectal cancer patients, the median time to preoperative radiotherapy was 28 working days in 2005 and 30 working days in 2008, and the median time to surgical treatment for rectal cancer patients was 26 working days in 2005 and 18 working days in 2008. Time to treatment did not shorten between 2005 and 2008 for colon and rectal cancer patients, except for rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery as initial treatment in patients aged >70 years and those with stage I disease. Substantial variation was seen among hospitals.ConclusionsTime to treatment for patients with CRC in southern Netherlands did not shorten between 2005 and 2008. The time to treatment should be reduced to meet the advice of the Dutch Cancer Society.
Assessing Operative Performance in Advanced Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Sarker Sudip K. , Kumar Isis , Delaney Conor 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundCompetent technical skills performance in complex operations is vital for satisfactory patient outcome. Assessing these skills is therefore of paramount importance. In this study we aim to develop and validate a new tool that can assess both generic and specific technical skills in advanced complex laparoscopic colorectal surgery in the operating room.MethodsHierarchical task analysis was constructed for generic and specific technical skills on three key advanced laparoscopic colorectal operations (right hemicolectomy, sigmoid colectomy, and anterior resection) after expert discussions. Likert scales were then constructed individually for generic and specific technical skills for each operation using hierarchical task analysis for each operation to identify key elements and steps for each operation. Each operation was assessed independently and blindly by two experienced surgeons.ResultsEighty‐four live real operations performed by six consultants and eight trainees were assessed. Interclass correlation coefficient between the two observers was 0.94 (P ≤ 0.05) for generic technical skills and 0.88 (P ≤ 0.05) for the operation‐specific technical skills. Construct validity for both generic and specific technical skills for consultants and trainees was significant using ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05). All consultants therefore consistently performed better in both generic and specific technical skills compared to their trainees.ConclusionsThis new assessment tool of generic and specific technical skills in advanced laparoscopic colorectal surgery is reliable and has face, content, concurrent, and construct validities. The tool has the possibility of being used as a surgical training and appraisal tool.
Effects of inhibiting neonatal methamphetamine‐induced corticosterone release in rats by adrenal autotransplantation on later learning, memory, and plasma corticosterone levels
Authors: Grace Curtis E. , Schaefer Tori L. , Graham Devon L. , Skelton Matthew R. , Williams Michael T. , Vorhees Charles V. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRationaleNeonatal rat methamphetamine (MA) exposure has been shown to cause long‐term behavioral impairments similar to some of those observed following neonatal stress. The mechanism by which MA induces impairments is unknown but may be related to early increases in corticosterone release. We previously developed a method to attenuate MA‐induced corticosterone release using adrenal autotransplantation (ADXA) in neonatal rats. This exposure period corresponds to the second‐half of human pregnancy.ObjectiveTo determine whether inhibition of neonatal MA‐induced increases in corticosterone attenuates the long‐term behavioral deficits associated with early MA treatment.ResultsADXA successfully attenuated MA‐induced plasma corticosterone increases by ∼50% during treatment (P11–20) but did not attenuate the long‐term behavioral effects of MA treatment. MA‐treated rats, regardless of surgery, showed increased errors and latencies in the Cincinnati water maze test of egocentric learning and increased latency, path length, and cumulative distance in three phases of Morris water maze spatial learning and reference memory. MA‐treated offspring were hypoactive, had subtle reductions in anxiety in the elevated zero maze but not in the light‐dark test. ADXA had no effect on MA‐induced long‐term 5‐HT reductions in the neostriatum or entorhinal cortex or on 5‐HIAA reductions in the hippocampus.ConclusionsFifty percent attenuation of neonatal MA‐induced elevations in corticosterone does not alter the long‐term egocentric or allocentric learning deficits or other behavioral effects of neonatal MA exposure. Because the ADXA effect was partial, the data cannot rule out the possibility that a more complete block of MA‐induced corticosterone release might not prevent later cognitive deficits.
Scottish Medieval Parish Churches: the Evidence from the Dioceses of Dunblane and Dunkeld
Authors: Fawcett Richard , Oram Richard , Luxford Julian 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe great majority of Scottish parish churches owe their present appearance to reconstructions carried out from the later eighteenth or nineteenth centuries. It was the view of the authors of this paper, however, that in many cases those reconstructions had been relatively superficial, and that medieval work might have survived under what could, in some cases, be little more than a modern veneer. To test this view, a survey was carried out of all medieval parish sites within the dioceses of Dunblane and Dunkeld. The findings from that survey are summarized in this paper.