bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reactions of Ethyl α‐Bromoacrylate with Open‐Chain Dienes — Synthesis of Ethyl 1,3‐/1,4‐Cyclohexadienecarboxylates.
Authors: Li Yingjie , Wang Quanrui , Andreas Goeke 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Convenient Synthesis of Novel Thienopyrazolodiazepine and Thienopyrazoloxazepine Skeletons via Nitrilimine Cycloaddition.
Authors: Molteni Giorgio , Del Buttero Paola 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSilver carbonate‐promoted generation of nitrilimine intermediates from (III) constitutes the key step in the synthesis of diazepine (VI) or oxazepine (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen Ylide Mediated Cyclopropanation of Lactams and Lactones.
Authors: Suarez del Villar Irene , Gradillas Ana , Dominguez Gema , Perez‐Castells Javier 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSix‐membered α,β‐unsaturated lactones and lactams are found to be suitable as substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparative Study: One‐Pot Synthesis of Some Prochiral Ketones Using Conventional and Microwave Assisted Methods.
Authors: Salokhe P. R. , Mote K. B. , Suryavanshi A. G. , Salunkhe R. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUsually microwave assisted methods are advantageous due to increased yields, high purity of products and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral 1‐Phenylethylamine‐Derived Phosphine—Phosphoramidite Ligands for Highly Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of β‐(Acylamino)acrylates: Significant Effect of Substituents on 3,3′‐Positions of Binaphthyl Moiety.
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Mao , Huang Jia‐Di , Luo Li‐Bin , Zhang Chen‐Lu , Hu Xiang‐Ping , Zheng Zhuo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction of phenyl substituents at the phosphoramidite backbone of PEAPhos ligand (PEAPP) significantly increases its catalytic activity in the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐(acylamino)acrylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Ecofriendly Iodination of Activated Aromatics and Coumarins Using Potassium Iodide and Ammonium Peroxodisulfate.
Authors: Ganguly Nemai C. , Barik Sujoy Kumar , Dutta Sanjoy 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA simple procedure A) or B) is elaborated which allows the favored or exclusive monoiodination of various activated aromatic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation with Heteroaromatic Tosylates.
Authors: Mantel Mette L. H. , Lindhardt Anders T. , Lupp Daniel , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA protocol for the palladium‐catalyzed amidation of heteroaromatic tosylates is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Procedure for Chloromethylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Catalyzed by PEG1000‐Dicationic Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Hu Yu Lin , Ge Qiang , He Yu , Lu Ming 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChloromethylation of aromatic hydrocarbons is catalyzed by the recyclable and temperature‐dependent phase‐separation system composed of PEG1000‐dicationic ionic liquid and methylcyclohexane in aqueous media.
ChemInform Abstract: p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid‐Promoted Selective Functionalization of Unsymmetrical Arylalkynes: A Regioselective Access to Various Arylketones and Heterocycles.
Authors: Jacubert Maud , Provot Olivier , Peyrat Jean‐Francois , Hamze Abdallah , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHydration reactions of internal arylalkynes are efficiently performed using catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of TosOH in EtOH under microwave irradiation to give aryl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Propargylic and Allenic Carbocycle Synthesis Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomatization Reaction.
Authors: Peng Bo , Feng Xiujuan , Zhang Xin , Zhang Sheng , Bao Ming 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed treatment of benzylic chlorides, chloromethylnaphthalenes, and naphthalene allyl chlorides with the allene (II) provides a new and efficient approach to propargylic and/or allenic carbocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Functionalized Conjugated Enynes: Palladium‐Catalyzed Bromoalkynylation of Alkynes.
Authors: Li Yibiao , Liu Xiaohang , Jiang Huanfeng , Feng Zhenning 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDirect cis‐addition of bromoalkynes (I) to symmetrical alkyne (II) proceeds in the presence of a Pd(II) catalyst to give difunctionalized enyne products (III) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: New Electrophilic Bromodifluoromethylation and Pentafluoroethylation Reagents.
Authors: Zhang Cheng‐Pan , Cao Hai‐Ping , Wang Zong‐Ling , Zhang Chun‐Tao , Chen Qing‐Yun , Xiao Ji‐Chang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA slightly modified Magnier′s approach is used to synthesize diphenylsulfonium salts of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Oxime Ethers from Alcohols Using Triphenylphosphine/Carbon Tetrachloride.
Authors: Rad Mohammad Navid Soltani , Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Karimitabar Fatemeh , Behrouz Somayeh 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOptimized reaction conditions are elaborated for the transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Grignard Reagents with Carbonyl Compounds under Continuous Flow Conditions.
Authors: Riva E. , Gagliardi S. , Martinelli M. , Passarella D. , Vigo D. , Rencurosi A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthetic value of the present method is demonstrated by preparation of the analgesic rac‐tramadol (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Unsymmetrical 1,4‐Enediones via a Focusing Domino Strategy: Cross‐Coupling of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Methyl Ketones or Terminal Aryl Alkenes.
Authors: Gao Meng , Yang Yan , Wu Yan‐Dong , Deng Cong , Cao Li‐Ping , Meng Xiang‐Gao , Wu An‐Xin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBoth methods can be equally applied to prepare the target compounds in high yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Preparation of Aromatic Orthocarboxylates from Aldehydes.
Authors: Tanabe Hiroyuki , He Xinyao , Kothandaraman Prasath , Yamane Motoki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe title compounds which are of high significance as masked carboxylic acids or esters, are prepared from aldehydes via hydroxyacetal formation and subsequent DDQ oxidation [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free One‐Pot Conversion of Electron‐Rich Aromatics into Aromatic Nitriles.
Authors: Ushijima Sousuke , Togo Hideo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe two‐step sequence proceeds via Vilsmeier—Haack reaction of electron‐rich arenes with DMF and subsequent treatment of the resulting intermediate iminium salt with iodine in aqueous ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Amino Acrylonitriles.
Authors: Ma Miaofeng , Hou Guohua , Sun Tian , Zhang Xiaowei , Li Wei , Wang Junru , Zhang Xumu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe direct asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐amino acrylonitriles with a Rh‐TangPhos catalyst affords the corresponding β‐amino nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient, Ligand‐Free, and Recyclable Cu2S‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Diaryl Disulfides.
Authors: Wang Huifeng , Jiang Linlin , Chen Tao , Li Yaming 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe reaction proceeds best using Fe as a reductant in DMSO.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Sonogashira and Hiyama Cross‐Couplings Using Aryl Imidazol‐1‐ylsulfonates.
Authors: Shirbin Steven J. , Boughton Berin A. , Zammit Steven C. , Zanatta Shannon D. , Marcuccio Sebastian M. , Hutton Craig A. , Williams Spencer J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSonogashira coupling of various imidazylates including the estrone derivative (IV) with phenylacetylene afford the desired products with good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereoselective Three‐Component Reactions of Aryl Diazoacetates with Alcohols and Chalcones: An Easy Access to Furan Derivatives.
Authors: Zhu Yingguang , Zhai Changwei , Yang Liping , Hu Wenhao 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe title reaction affords γ‐hydroxy ketone derivatives (IV) in high yield with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ga(OTf)3‐Promoted Sequential Reactions via Sulfur‐Assisted Propargyl‐Allenyl Isomerizations and Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of 1,3‐Dihydrobenzo[c]thiophenes.
Authors: Zhou Hongwei , Zhu Da , Xie Yongfa , Huang Huafeng , Wang Kai 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTreatment of enediynes like (I), (III), and (V) with NEt3 and Ga(OTf)3 is found to allow simple and efficient access to dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation of the Amide Group
Authors: Levin V. V. , Kozlov M. A. , Dilman A. D. , Belyakov P. A. , Struchkova M. I. , Tartakovsky V. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe straightforward transformation of an amide into a CF3‐containing amine is described for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids as Solvents for a Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation Reaction: Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds from α,β‐Unsaturated Imines, Carbon Monoxide, and Ethylene.
Authors: Biletzki Tobias , Stark Annegret , Imhof Wolfgang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe influence of reaction conditions (ionic liquid, pressure, temperature, time) on outcome and product ratio is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Detosylation of 3‐Amino‐1‐tosylindole‐2‐carbonitriles Using DBU and Thiophenol.
Authors: Michaelidou Sophia S. , Koutentis Panayiotis A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTreatment of 1‐tosylindole derivatives (I) with thiophenol/DBU results in formation of products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Nitropyrazoles. Part 14. Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Trinitropyrazole and Its Behavior in the Nucleophilic Substituted Reactions. General Method of Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 3,4‐Dinitropyrazoles.
Authors: Dalinger I. L. , Cherkasova T. I. , Popova G. P. , Shkineva T. K. , Vatsadze I. A. , Shevelev S. A. , Kanishchev M. I. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract1,3,4‐Trinitropyrazole (II) is prepared for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Direct Arylations of 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Jeyachandran Rajkumar , Potukuchi Harish K. , Novak Petr , Buettner Lea 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBiheteroaryl products are formed under ambient pressure of air via a dehydrogenative cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: DDQ‐Mediated Tandem Synthesis of Functionalized Pyranocoumarins from 4‐Hydroxycoumarins and 1,3‐Diarylallylic Compounds.
Authors: He Zhenxing , Lin Xufeng , Zhu Yuanxun , Wang Yanguang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA simple DDQ‐mediated cross‐coupling reaction between 4‐hydroxycoumarins (I) or (IV) and 1,3‐diarylallylic compounds (II) or (VI) yielding functionalized pyranocoumarins (III), (V), or (VII)/(VIII) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4‐Hydroxy‐3‐(1,5‐diaryl‐3‐oxo‐pent‐4‐enyl)chromen‐2‐ones.
Authors: Jadhav Mohan R. , Shinde Devanand B. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract17 warfarin acid chalcones of type (III) are prepared and their antimicrobial and antifungal activities are tested.
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Piperidines and Tetrahydropyrans.
Authors: Guerinot Amandine , Serra‐Muns Anna , Gnamm Christian , Bensoussan Charlelie , Reymond Sebastien , Cossy Janine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe method is developed to prepare the cis‐2,6‐piperidines and cis‐2,6‐tetrahydrofurans with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of 2‐Arylquinolines.
Authors: Sueki Shunsuke , Okamoto Chiharu , Shimizu Isao , Seto Keisuke , Furukawa Yukio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA facile method for the synthesis of 2‐arylquinolines via Yb(O‐Tf)3‐catalyzed reaction of anilines, arylaldehydes and 1,1‐diethoxyethane is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Enantioselective One‐Pot Three‐Component Access to Indoloquinolizidines by a Michael Addition—Pictet—Spengler Sequence.
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Dai Xiaoyang , Nie Linlin , Fang Huihui , Chen Jie , Ren Zhongjiao , Cao Weiguo , Zhao Gang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe title method is potentially useful in combinatorial library construction and the synthesis of natural alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective 7‐endo‐trig/Ring Contraction Cascade to Construct Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Li Xinyu , Li Cheng , Zhang Wenjing , Lu Xiang , Han Shiqing , Hong Ran 
Published: August 2010

AbstractN‐Acyliminium ion, in cooperation with a novel rearrangement, is designed to initiate the highly stereoselective 7‐endo‐trig/ring contraction cascade as exemplified in the broad substrate scope on the construction of the substituted pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolines [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Condensation of 3‐Aminothiophene‐2‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Aldehydes and Meldrum′s Acid.
Authors: Lichitsky B. V. , Belyi R. M. , Komogortsev A. N. , Dudinov A. A. , Krayushkin M. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new and convenient three‐component, one‐pot synthesis of previously unknown thieno[3,2‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Push—Pull Alkenes from Cyclic Ketene‐N,N′‐acetals: A Wide Span of Double Bond Lengths and Twist Angles.
Authors: Ye Guozhong , Chatterjee Sabornie , Li Min , Zhou Aihua , Song Yingquan , Barker Bobby Lloyd , Chen Chunlong , Beard Debbie J. , Henry William P. , Pittman Charles U. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPush‐pull alkene structures are synthesized from cyclic ketene‐N,N′‐acetals or their analogues, generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: A Piperidinium Triflate Catalyzed Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Ramalingan Chennan , Park Su‐Jung , Lee In‐Sook , Kwak Young‐Woo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe three‐component reaction which uses special heterocyclic aldehydes to give biopertinent hydropyrimidines opens a broad field of versatility (20 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trichloromethylpyrimidines and Trichloromethylpyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidines from Alkyl 2‐(Diaminomethylidene)‐3‐oxobutyrates and Trichloroacetonitrile.
Authors: Voronkova V. A. , Komkov A. V. , Dorokhov V. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe reaction between ketene aminals (I) and trichloroacetonitrile leads to functionalized pyrimidines (III), which can be used as precursor for novel pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidines (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Dibenz[b,f]oxepines from 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene.
Authors: Samet A. V. , Marshalkin V. N. , Lyssenko K. A. , Semenov V. V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe peri‐nitro group in 1,3‐dinitrodibenz[b,f]oxepine (I) is selectively substituted by O‐ and S‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Reaction Using the Bestmann—Ohira Reagent: A Regioselective Synthesis of Phosphonyl Pyrazole Rings.
Authors: Mohanan Kishor , Martin Anthony R. , Toupet Loic , Smietana Michael , Vasseur Jean‐Jacques 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new one‐pot multicomponent reaction involving the use of an aldehyde, a cyanoacid derivative, and the Bestmann‐Ohira reagent (BOR) is developed for the synthesis of substituted phosphonyl pyrazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel 15(10→1)Abeomuurolane Sesquiterpenes from Cosmo sulphureus.
Authors: Wu Jyh‐Horng , Chang Yi‐Fu , Tung Yu‐Tang , Tsuzuki Minoru , Izuka Akira , Wang Sheng‐Yang , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2010

Abstractcosmosoic acid (Ia), cosmosaldehyde (Ib)
ChemInform Abstract: Cyanogen Bromide as Dehydrosulfurizing Agent for the Synthesis of Nβ‐Fmoc‐Amino Alkyl Isonitriles from Nβ‐Fmoc‐Amino Alkyl Thioformamides.
Authors: Vishwanatha T. M. , Hemantha H. P. , Sureshbabu V. V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn optimized ultrasound promoted procedure for the synthesis of the thioformamides is developed and their conversion to isonitriles is described briefly (no yields given).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiopure 2,6‐Disubstituted Piperidines Bearing One Alkene‐ or Alkyne‐Containing Substituent: Preparation and Application to Total Syntheses of Indolizidine‐Alkaloids.
Authors: Liu Hui , Su Deyong , Cheng Guolin , Xu Jimin , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStarting with the known precursor (I), a library of 18 optically active 2,6‐disubstituted piperidines such as (VI) carrying one alkene or alkyne moiety is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Total Synthesis of Hainanensine via an Unusual Rearrangement—Annulation Cascade.
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Wei , Li Wei‐Dong Z. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFormic acid mediated cascade rearrangement/annulation reaction is the key step to the preparation of alkaloid precursors (II), which are further functionalized to hainanensine (III) and its dimethyl analogue.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Indole Alkaloids from the Marine‐Derived Bacterium Aeromonas sp. CB101.
Authors: Cai Sheng‐Xin , Li De‐Hai , Zhu Tian‐Jiao , Wang Feng‐Ping , Xiao Xiang , Gu Qian‐Qun 
Published: August 2010

Abstractarsindolines A (Ia) and B (Ib)
ChemInform Abstract: New Nemadectin Congener from Streptomyces microflavus Neau3: Fermentation, Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Biological Activities.
Authors: Xiang Wen‐Sheng , Wang Ji‐Dong , Wang Ming , Wang Xiang‐Jing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBioactivity‐guided fractionation of the Streptomyces microflavus neau3 fermentation broth leads to the isolation of the new compound (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Antibacterial and Antilarval Compounds from Marine Gorgonian‐Associated Bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCSIO 00856.
Authors: Gao Cheng‐Hai , Tian Xin‐Peng , Qi Shu‐Hua , Luo Xiong‐Ming , Wang Ping , Zhang Si 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe new compound macrolactin V (Ia) is isolated from the title bacillus together with the known diastereoisomer (Ib) and 3 other known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational and Supramolecular Properties of Main Chain and Cyclic Click Oligotriazoles and Polytriazoles
Authors: Chow Hak‐Fun , Lau Kwun‐Ngai , Ke Zhihai , Liang Yuting , Lo Chui‐Man 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReview: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Collapse of Homochirality of Amino Acids in Proteins from Various Tissues During Aging
Authors: Fujii Noriko , Kaji Yuichi , Fujii Norihiko , Nakamura Tooru , Motoie Ryota , Mori Yuhei , Kinouchi Tadatoshi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReview: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aberrant Control of Motoneuronal Excitability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Excitatory Glutamate/D‐Serine vs. Inhibitory Glycine/γ‐Aminobutanoic Acid (GABA)
Authors: Sasabe Jumpei , Aiso Sadakazu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReview: 122 refs.
Towards Efficient Modelling of Slag Entrainment during Metallurgical Processes
Authors: Pirker S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper focuses on the numerical modelling of slag entrainment in liquid metal. Due to the complexity of the multi‐phase flow situation and the inherently unsteady nature of the process, feasible simulations are restricted to rather coarse grids. Nevertheless, important flow structures like secondary suction vortices cannot be captured by an insufficiently resolved grid. As a consequence three numerical approaches are proposed in order to focus on local slag entrainment events within a global flow simulation. Firstly, in the course of Volume of Fluid (VOF) simulations the evolving metal‐slag interface is sharpened by a solution dependent adaptive grid refinement. Secondly, possible suction vortices are tested by super‐imposed Chimera grids. In this approach a finely resolved O‐shaped grid is placed around the trajectory of a representative Lagrangian fluid particle that is started from a local depression at the metal‐slag interface. Thirdly, a simplified concept of Lagrangian slag droplets is utilized in order to detect irregularly occurring flow situations that are prone to slag entrainment. These modelling approaches are applied to metallurgical processes like tundish pouring or continuous casting. With help of these slag entrainment modelling approaches a global metallurgical flow simulation can be augmented by the effect of local entrainment events.
The Influence of Support Rollers of Continuous Casting Machines on Heat Transfer and on Stress‐Strain of Slabs in Secondary Cooling
Authors: Xia G. , Schiefermüller A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe processes of solidification and heat extraction are important for the continuous casting of steel. In this work, investigations on the influence of support roller contact on solidification in a strand of a slab caster, such as surface temperature and strand shell growth, and on thermal strain and stress in the slab have been carried out. The results show that roller contact has an influence on the solidification of steel and on the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of the strand.
A simple argument against design
Authors: MOLLER DAN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a simple argument against life being the product of design. The argument rests on three points. (1) We can conceive of the debate in terms of likelihoods, in the technical sense – how probable the design hypothesis renders our evidence, versus how probable the competing Darwinian hypothesis renders that evidence. (2) God, as traditionally conceived, had many more options by which to bring about life as we observe it than were available to natural selection. That is, the relevant parameters were, in many cases, far more constrained under natural selection. (3) Utterly mundane features of the world, like that the earth is very old, are actually powerful evidence that the world was not designed, since that outcome was optional on the design hypothesis but nearly inevitable on natural selection.
A new method for isotropic analysis of limited DOF parallel manipulators with terminal constraints
Authors: Qu Haibo , Fang Yuefa , Guo Sheng 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYBased on the terminal constraints system (TCS) and reciprocal screw theory, a novel method is presented to determine the isotropic configurations of limited degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel manipulators. From the available physical meaning of isotropy, the criteria to determine the isotropic configurations can be transformed to investigate whether the TCS acting on the moving platform works equally well in all directions. From the TCS study, the simplest form of constraints system matrix can be obtained. Then the constraint condition number is defined to measure the isotropy of spatial parallel manipulator based on the TCS. This method not only avoids solving the Jacobian matrix for some complex structural parallel manipulators but also points out the physical meaning of isotropy, which indicates that the TCS acting on the moving platform works equally well in all directions. Three examples are employed to illustrate this method.
Marks of Mission and ways of belonging: shaping the Anglican agenda for occasional churchgoers in the countryside
Authors: Walker David 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper uses quantitative methods in conjunction with the five Marks of Mission of the Anglican Communion to identify opportunities and give direction to mission. It applies the model of belonging through activity, events, people and place developed in an earlier paper2 to data provided by 326 occasional and 775 frequent churchgoers in a survey conducted in 27 rural parish churches. For occasional churchgoers a distinctive pattern of belonging, as predicted by the model, is observed and a simple characterisation made. The application of the Five Marks of Mission to this group is discussed and practical suggestions made to help churches engage effectively with them as both agents and recipients of mission activity. The paper concludes that perceived limitations in the faith of occasional church attendees may derive from a failure by the church to value their mode of belonging and to engage with them on their own territory.