bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XVIIème problème de Hilbert sur les corps chaîne-clos
Authors: Gondard Françoise Delon et Danielle 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA chain-closed field is defined as a chainable field (i.e. a real field such that, for all n ∈ N, ΣK2n+2 ≠ ΣK2n) which does not admit any “faithful” algebraic extension, and can also be seen as a field having a Henselian valuation ν such that the residue field K/ν is real closed and the value group νK is odd divisible with ∣νK/2νK∣ = 2. If K admits only one such valuation, we show that f ∈ K(X) is in ΣK(X)2n for any real algebraic extension L of K,“f(L) ⊆ ΣL2n” holds. The conclusion is also true for K = R((t))(a chainable but not chain-closed field), and in the case n = 1 it holds for several variables and any real field K.
Hypermetabolism, Hyperphagia, and Reduced Adiposity in Tankyrase-Deficient Mice
Authors: Yeh Tsung-Yin J. , Beiswenger Kristina K. , Li Pingping , Bolin Krista E. , Lee Ray M. , Tsao Tsu-Shuen , Murphy Anne N. , Hevener Andrea L. , Chi Nai-Wen 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE
Tankyrase (TNKS) is a Golgi-associated poly-ADP-ribose polymerase that is implicated in the regulation of GLUT4 trafficking in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Its chromosomal locus 8p23.1 is linked to monogenic forms of diabetes in certain kindred. We hypothesize that TNKS is involved in energy homeostasis in mammals.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Gene-trap techniques were used to ablate TNKS expression in mice. Homozygous and wild-type littermates maintained on standard chow were compared.

RESULTS
Wild-type mice express the TNKS protein abundantly in adipose tissue, the brain, and the endocrine pancreas but scarcely in the exocrine pancreas and skeletal muscle. TNKS-deficient mice consume increased amounts of food (by 34%) but have decreased plasma leptin levels and a &gt;50% reduction in epididymal and perirenal fat pad size. Their energy expenditure is increased as assessed by metabolic cage studies and core body temperatures. These changes are not attributable to an increase in physical activity or uncoupled respiration (based on oxygraph analyses of mitochondria isolated from brown fat and skeletal muscle). The heightened thermogenesis of TNKS-deficient mice is apparently fueled by increases in both fatty acid oxidation (based on muscle and liver gene expression analyses and plasma ketone levels) and insulin-stimulated glucose utilization (determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps). Although TNKS deficiency does not compromise insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in primary adipocytes, it leads to the post-transcriptional upregulation of GLUT4 and adiponectin in adipocytes and increases plasma adiponectin levels.

CONCLUSIONS
TNKS-deficient mice exhibit increases in energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation, and insulin-stimulated glucose utilization. Despite excessive food intake, their adiposity is substantially decreased.
Common Genetic Variation Near Melatonin Receptor MTNR1B Contributes to Raised Plasma Glucose and Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Indian Asians and European Caucasians
Authors: Chambers John C. , Zhang Weihua , Zabaneh Delilah , Sehmi Joban , Jain Piyush , McCarthy Mark I. , Froguel Philippe , Ruokonen Aimo , Balding David , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Scott James , Elliott Paul , Kooner Jaspal S. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE
Fasting plasma glucose and risk of type 2 diabetes are higher among Indian Asians than among European and North American Caucasians. Few studies have investigated genetic factors influencing glucose metabolism among Indian Asians.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We carried out genome-wide association studies for fasting glucose in 5,089 nondiabetic Indian Asians genotyped with the Illumina Hap610 BeadChip and 2,385 Indian Asians (698 with type 2 diabetes) genotyped with the Illumina 300 BeadChip. Results were compared with findings in 4,462 European Caucasians.

RESULTS
We identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with glucose among Indian Asians at P &lt; 5 × 10−8, all near melatonin receptor MTNR1B. The most closely associated was rs2166706 (combined P = 2.1 × 10−9), which is in moderate linkage disequilibrium with rs1387153 (r2 = 0.60) and rs10830963 (r2 = 0.45), both previously associated with glucose in European Caucasians. Risk allele frequency and effect sizes for rs2166706 were similar among Indian Asians and European Caucasians: frequency 46.2 versus 45.0%, respectively (P = 0.44); effect 0.05 (95% CI 0.01–0.08) versus 0.05 (0.03–0.07 mmol/l), respectively, higher glucose per allele copy (P = 0.84). SNP rs2166706 was associated with type 2 diabetes in Indian Asians (odds ratio 1.21 [95% CI 1.06–1.38] per copy of risk allele; P = 0.006). SNPs at the GCK, GCKR, and G6PC2 loci were also associated with glucose among Indian Asians. Risk allele frequencies of rs1260326 (GCKR) and rs560887 (G6PC2) were higher among Indian Asians compared with European Caucasians.

CONCLUSIONS
Common genetic variation near MTNR1B influences blood glucose and risk of type 2 diabetes in Indian Asians. Genetic variation at the MTNR1B, GCK, GCKR, and G6PC2 loci may contribute to abnormal glucose metabolism and related metabolic disturbances among Indian Asians.
Significant Synergistic Effect of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ C-2821T and Diabetes on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hsieh Fang-I , Lo Wei-Cheng , Lin Huey-Juan , Hsieh Yi-Chen , Lien Li-Ming , Bai Chyi-Huey , Tseng Hung-Pin , Chiou Hung-Yi 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE
To explore the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of PPARγ (Pro12Ala, C1431T, and C-2821T) and the risk of ischemic stroke and to investigate whether these genetic polymorphisms of PPARγ would modify the risk of ischemic stroke among patients with hypertension or diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The case-control study was conducted with 537 ischemic stroke patients and 537 control subjects. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on conventional cardiovascular risk factors and laboratory results. The genetic polymorphisms of PPARγ were determined by PCR–restriction fragment–length polymorphism.

RESULTS
A significant interaction was seen between the −2821C allele and diabetes but not between this allele and hypertension. A markedly elevated risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio 9.7) was found in the subjects with diabetes and the −2821C allele compared with that in those without these two risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
The −2821C allele of PPARγ was a strong predictor of ischemic stroke for diabetic patients.
Markup Meaning and Mereology
Authors: Huitfeldt Claus , Sperberg-McQueen C. M. , Marcoux Yves 
Published: August 2009

When marking up a document we chop it up into elements. Elements are parts of the document, some of which contain further elements, i.e., have parts of their own. Thus, the part-whole relation is central to the way markup works.
Mereology is precisely the theory of part-whole relationships, but has not yet found much application in markup theory. In this paper we provide a sketch of how mereology, in the form more specifically of Nelson Goodman's Calculus of Individuals, might be applied to markup.
We discuss ways of identifying the individuals of marked-up documents and of referencing these individuals, and we sketch some ways of applying the calculus to the problem of propagation of properties in documents.
Aspirin vs Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Wendy Y. , Ballman Karla V. , Partridge Ann H. , Hahn Olwen M. , Briccetti Frederick M. , Irvin William J. , Symington Banu , Visvanathan Kala , Pohlmann Paula R. , Openshaw Thomas H. , Weiss Anna , Winer Eric P. , Carey Lisa A. , Holmes Michelle D. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceObservational studies of survivors of breast cancer and prospective trials of aspirin for cardiovascular disease suggest improved breast cancer survival among aspirin users, but prospective studies of aspirin to prevent breast cancer recurrence are lacking.ObjectiveTo determine whether aspirin decreases the risk of invasive cancer events among survivors of breast cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA011502, a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted in the United States and Canada with 3020 participants who had high-risk nonmetastatic breast cancer, enrolled participants from 534 sites from January 6, 2017, through December 4, 2020, with follow-up to March 4, 2023.InterventionsParticipants were randomized (stratified for hormone receptor status [positive vs negative], body mass index [≤30 vs &amp;gt;30], stage II vs III, and time since diagnosis [&amp;lt;18 vs ≥18 months]) to receive 300 mg of aspirin (n = 1510) or placebo once daily (n = 1510) for 5 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was invasive disease–free survival. Overall survival was a key secondary outcome.ResultsA total of 3020 participants were randomized when the data and safety monitoring committee recommended suspending the study at the first interim analysis because the hazard ratio had crossed the prespecified futility bound. By median follow-up of 33.8 months (range, 0.1-72.6 months), 253 invasive disease–free survival events were observed (141 in the aspirin group and 112 in the placebo group), yielding a hazard ratio of 1.27 (95% CI, 0.99-1.63; P = .06). All invasive disease–free survival events, including death, invasive progression (both distant and locoregional), and new primary events, were numerically higher in the aspirin group, although the differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference in overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.82-1.72). Rates of grades 3 and 4 adverse events were similar in both groups.Conclusion and RelevanceAmong participants with high-risk nonmetastatic breast cancer, daily aspirin therapy did not improve risk of breast cancer recurrence or survival in early follow-up. Despite its promise and wide availability, aspirin should not be recommended as an adjuvant breast cancer treatment.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02927249
Sociodemographic Factors and Trends in Bronchiolitis-Related Emergency Department Visit and Hospitalization Rates
Authors: Mahant Sanjay , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Parkin Patricia C. , Imsirovic Haris , Tuna Meltem , Macarthur Colin , To Teresa , Gill Peter J. ,   Canadian Paediatric Inpatient Research Network (PIRN)
Published: April 2024

ImportanceBronchiolitis is the most common and most cumulatively expensive condition in pediatric hospital care. Few population-based studies have examined health inequalities in bronchiolitis outcomes over time.ObjectiveTo examine trends in bronchiolitis-related emergency department (ED) visit and hospitalization rates by sociodemographic factors in a universally funded health care system.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional cohort study was performed from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2022, using population-based health administrative data from children younger than 2 years in Ontario, Canada.Main Outcome and MeasuresBronchiolitis ED visit and hospitalization rates per 1000 person-years reported for the equity stratifiers of sex, residence location (rural vs urban), and material resources quintile. Trends in annual rates by equity stratifiers were analyzed using joinpoint regression and estimating the average annual percentage change (AAPC) with 95% CI and the absolute difference in AAPC with 95% CI from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2020.ResultsOf 2 921 573 children included in the study, 1 422 088 (48.7%) were female and 2 619 139 (89.6%) lived in an urban location. Emergency department visit and hospitalization rates were highest for boys, those with rural residence, and those with least material resources. There were no significant between-group absolute differences in the AAPC in ED visits per 1000 person-years by sex (female vs male; 0.22; 95% CI, −0.92 to 1.35; P = .71), residence (rural vs urban; −0.31; 95% CI −1.70 to 1.09; P = .67), or material resources (quintile 5 vs 1; −1.17; 95% CI, −2.57 to 0.22; P = .10). Similarly, there were no significant between-group absolute differences in the AAPC in hospitalizations per 1000 person-years by sex (female vs male; 0.53; 95% CI, −1.11 to 2.17; P = .53), residence (rural vs urban; −0.62; 95% CI, −2.63 to 1.40; P = .55), or material resources (quintile 5 vs 1; −0.93; 95% CI −3.80 to 1.93; P = .52).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based cohort study of children in a universally funded health care system, inequalities in bronchiolitis ED visit and hospitalization rates did not improve over time.
A deep learning‐based 3D Prompt‐nnUnet model for automatic segmentation in brachytherapy of postoperative endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Xue Xian , Liang Dazhu , Wang Kaiyue , Gao Jianwei , Ding Jingjing , Zhou Fugen , Xu Juan , Liu Hefeng , Sun Quanfu , Jiang Ping , Tao Laiyuan , Shi Wenzhao , Cheng Jinsheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo create and evaluate a three‐dimensional (3D) Prompt‐nnUnet module that utilizes the prompts‐based model combined with 3D nnUnet for producing the rapid and consistent autosegmentation of high‐risk clinical target volume (HR CTV) and organ at risk (OAR) in high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (HDR BT) for patients with postoperative endometrial carcinoma (EC).Methods and materialsOn two experimental batches, a total of 321 computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained for HR CTV segmentation from 321 patients with EC, and 125 CT scans for OARs segmentation from 125 patients. The numbers of training/validation/test were 257/32/32 and 87/13/25 for HR CTV and OARs respectively. A novel comparison of the deep learning neural network 3D Prompt‐nnUnet and 3D nnUnet was applied for HR CTV and OARs segmentation. Three‐fold cross validation and several quantitative metrics were employed, including Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance (HD), 95th percentile of Hausdorff distance (HD95%), and intersection over union (IoU).ResultsThe Prompt‐nnUnet included two forms of parameters Predict‐Prompt (PP) and Label‐Prompt (LP), with the LP performing most similarly to the experienced radiation oncologist and outperforming the less experienced ones. During the testing phase, the mean DSC values for the LP were 0.96 ± 0.02, 0.91 ± 0.02, and 0.83 ± 0.07 for HR CTV, rectum and urethra, respectively. The mean HD values (mm) were 2.73 ± 0.95, 8.18 ± 4.84, and 2.11 ± 0.50, respectively. The mean HD95% values (mm) were 1.66 ± 1.11, 3.07 ± 0.94, and 1.35 ± 0.55, respectively. The mean IoUs were 0.92 ± 0.04, 0.84 ± 0.03, and 0.71 ± 0.09, respectively. A delineation time < 2.35 s per structure in the new model was observed, which was available to save clinician time.ConclusionThe Prompt‐nnUnet architecture, particularly the LP, was highly consistent with ground truth (GT) in HR CTV or OAR autosegmentation, reducing interobserver variability and shortening treatment time.
Multifunctional Dual‐Metal‐Salt Derived Ternary Eutectic Electrolyte for Highly Reversible Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Li Jianhui , Qin Siqi , Xu Mi , Wang Wei , Zou Jiabin , Zhang Yongguang , Dou Haozhen , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeep eutectic electrolytes offer opportunities for tailoring solvation structure and interface chemistry in advanced batteries, but developing deep eutectic electrolytes for high‐performance zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) remains a challenge. Herein, multifunctional dual‐metal‐salt derived ternary eutectic electrolytes (DMEEs) are designed via a supporting salt strategy for dendrite‐free and long‐lifespan ZIBs. DMEEs are constructed by zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(OTF)2), supporting salt of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and neutral ligand of N‐methylacetamide. Noticeably, supporting salt with weak lattice energy not only induces the reconstruction of intermolecular interactions to form ion pairs and ion aggregates but also tailors the Zn2+ solvation structure and solid electrolyte interface (SEI). The developed DMEEs possess a dual‐anion‐rich Zn2+ solvation shell and induce an inorganic‐rich hybrid SEI, which effectively suppresses side reactions and obtains a dendrite‐free Zn anode with high reversibility. Remarkably, Zn//Zn cells demonstrate cycling stability for over 3000 h, and Zn//PANI full cells deliver no significant capacity decay after 5000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g−1. This work opens a new avenue to design advanced deep eutectic electrolytes, and the deep understanding of solvation structure and SEI offers guidelines for developing high‐performance batteries.
Universal CRISPR‐Cas12a and Toehold RNA Cascade Reaction on Paper Substrate for Visual Salmonella Genome Detection
Authors: Kachwala Mahera J. , Hamdard Farishta , Cicek Damla , Dagci Hilal , Smith Christopher W. , Kalla Nabeel , Yigit Mehmet V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSalmonella, the most prevalent food‐borne pathogen, poses significant medical and economic threats. Swift and accurate on‐site identification and serotyping of Salmonella is crucial to curb its spread and contamination. Here, a synthetic biology cascade reaction is presented on a paper substrate using CRISPR‐Cas12a and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), enabling the programming of a standard toehold RNA switch for a genome of choice. This approach employs just one toehold RNA switch design to differentiate between two different Salmonella serotypes, i.e., S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, without the need for reengineering the toehold RNA switch. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity, capable of visually detecting as few as 100 copies of the whole genome from a model Salmonella pathogen on a paper substrate. Furthermore, this robust assay is successfully applied to detect whole genomes in contaminated milk and lettuce samples, demonstrating its potential in real sample analysis. Due to its versatility and practical features, genomes from different organisms can be detected by merely changing a single RNA element in this universal cell‐free cascade reaction.
A Lead‐Free Ferroelectric 2D Dion–Jacobson Tin Iodide Perovskite
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Mihalyi‐Koch Willa , Triggs Christopher T. , Roy Chris R. , Sanders Kyana M. , Wright John C. , Jin Song 
Published: April 2024

Abstract2D hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites emerge as a new class of 2D semiconductors with the potential to combine excellent optoelectronic properties with symmetry‐enabled properties such as ferroelectricity. Although many lead‐based ferroelectric 2D halide perovskites are reported, there is yet to be a conclusive report of ferroelectricity in tin‐based 2D perovskites. Here, the structures and properties of a new series of 2D Dion–Jacobson (DJ) Sn perovskites: (4AMP)SnI4, (4AMP)(MA)Sn2I7, and (4AMP)(FA)Sn2I7 (4AMP = 4‐(aminomethyl)piperidinium, MA = methylammonium, and FA = formamidinium), are reported. Structural characterization reveals that (4AMP)SnI4 is polar with in‐plane spontaneous polarization whereas (4AMP)(MA)Sn2I7 and (4AMP)(FA)Sn2I7 are centrosymmetric. Further, (4AMP)SnI4 displays second harmonic generation (SHG) and polarization‐electric field hysteresis measurements confirm it is ferroelectric with a spontaneous polarization of 10.0 µC cm−2 at room temperature. (4AMP)SnI4 transitions into a centrosymmetric structure above 367 K. As the first direct experimental observation of the spontaneous ferroelectric polarization of a Sn‐based 2D hybrid perovskite, this work opens up environmentally friendly 2D tin halide perovskites for ferroelectricity and other physical property studies.
A Temperature Self‐Adaptive Electrolyte for Wide‐Temperature Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qu Guangmeng , Wei Hua , Zhao Shunshun , Yang Yihan , Zhang Xiangyong , Chen Guangming , Liu Zhuoxin , Li Hongfei , Han Cuiping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe advancement of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is often hampered by the dendritic zinc growth and the parasitic side reactions between the zinc anode and the aqueous electrolyte, especially under extreme temperature conditions. This study unveils the performance decay mechanism of zinc anodes in harsh environments, characterized by “dead zinc” at low temperatures and aggravated hydrogen evolution and adverse by‐products at elevated temperatures. To address these issues, a temperature self‐adaptive electrolyte (TSAE), founded on the competitive coordination principle of co‐solvent and anions, is introduced. This electrolyte exhibits a dynamic solvation capability, engendering an inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at low temperatures while an organic alkyl ether‐ and alkyl carbonate‐containing SEI at elevated temperatures. The self‐adaptability of the electrolyte significantly enhances the performance of the zinc anode across a broad temperature range. A Zn//Zn symmetrical cell, based on the TSAE, showcases reversible plating/stripping exceeding 16 800 h (>700 d) at room temperature under 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, setting a record of lifespan. Furthermore, the TSAE enables stable operation of the zinc full batteries across an ultrawide temperature range of −35 to 75 °C. This work illuminates a pathway for optimizing AZIBs under extreme temperatures by fine‐tuning the interfacial chemistry.
Self‐Reinforced MOF‐Based Nanogel Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Long‐Acting Drug Release
Authors: Sun Yun , Ding Sheng‐Long , Zhao Xiyuan , Sun Dadi , Yang Yuhan , Chen Min , Zhu Chunlin , Jiang Bingyin , Gu Qi , Liu Huiyu , Zhang Mingzhu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntra‐articular injection of drugs is an effective strategy for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. However, the complex microenvironment and limited joint space result in rapid clearance of drugs. Herein, a nanogel‐based strategy is proposed for prolonged drug delivery and microenvironment remodeling. Nanogel is constructed through the functionalization of hyaluronic acid (HA) by amide reaction on the surface of Kartogenin (KGN)‐loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (denoted as KZIF@HA). Leveraging the inherent hydrophilicity of HA, KZIF@HA spontaneously forms nanogels, ensuring extended drug release in the OA microenvironment. KZIF@HA exhibits sustained drug release over one month, with low leakage risk from the joint cavity compared to KZIF, enhanced cartilage penetration, and reparative effects on chondrocytes. Notably, KGN released from KZIF@HA serves to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion for hyaline cartilage regeneration. Zn2+ release reverses OA progression by promoting M2 macrophage polarization to establish an anti‐inflammatory microenvironment. Ultimately, KZIF@HA facilitates cartilage regeneration and OA alleviation within three months. Transcriptome sequencing validates that KZIF@HA stimulates the polarization of M2 macrophages and secretes IL‐10 to inhibit the JNK and ERK pathways, promoting chondrocytes recovery and enhancing ECM remodeling. This pioneering nanogel system offers new therapeutic opportunities for sustained drug release, presenting a significant stride in OA treatment strategies.