bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors for retention in treatment with a UK community-based naltrexone programme for opioid dependence
Authors: Chaudhry Zubair A. , Sultan Javaid , Alam Farrukh 
Published: June 2012

Aims and methodTo evaluate the efficacy of naltrexone maintenance therapy in a community-based programme for opioid-dependent patients and to identify predictors for longer-term retention in treatment. A retrospective case-note study was conducted in 142 people dependent on opioids who had undergone detoxification and maintained adherence to naltrexone treatment for a minimum of 4 weeks. Social and clinical demographic factors during treatment were recorded using a standardised naltrexone monitoring scale. Efficacy was measured as retention in treatment, and potential predictors were examined using regression analysis.ResultsAlthough there was overall low retention of patients in treatment, 55.6% of the patients remained in treatment for 4–8 weeks, and 29.6% of the patients remained in treatment for 17 weeks or more. Enhanced long-term retention in treatment was associated with Asian or other minority ethnic status, employment, parental supervision of naltrexone administration, less boredom, short duration of addiction, younger age, low alcohol intake and no cannabis use in univariate analyses. Short duration of opioid dependence syndrome (3 years) and low alcohol intake (<10 units/week) were significant independent predictors for longer-term retention in treatment in subsequent multivariate analysis.Clinical implicationsLow alcohol intake and shorter duration of addiction were significant independent predictors for longer-term retention in treatment, but retention rates for naltrexone remain low overall. Additional psychosocial support may be needed to address these issues.
Factors affecting the practice of seclusion in an acute mental health service in Southland, New Zealand
Authors: Tyrer Stephen , Beckley Jay , Goel Digvijay , Dennis Brian , Martin Brenda 
Published: June 2012

Aims and methodThis study examined the frequency of seclusion intervention and factors associated with its use in the acute general adult psychiatric ward serving the Southland area of New Zealand. Details of the use of seclusion and relevant demographic data were collected over a 12-month period in 2007–2008.ResultsDuring the study period there were 30 seclusion episodes involving 23 patients. The median duration of seclusion was 17 hours. The duration of seclusion was found to be inversely related to the treatment received during the period of isolation. Most patients under seclusion had a diagnosis of psychosis, and the nature of this was directly related to the Mental Health Act order applied.Clinical implicationsThe duration of seclusion in this study is long but compares with a similar study from elsewhere in New Zealand. The duration of treatment while in seclusion could be reduced if optimal treatment is given.
Psychiatry in scripture: sacred texts and psychopathology
Authors: Cook Christopher C. H. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe engagement of psychiatry with religion is increasingly important for better understanding of the ways in which religious people find resources to cope with mental disorder. An example of how a more critical and constructive engagement might be achieved is found in the psychiatric literature on sacred texts. Articles which engage with the alleged psychopathology of the 6th-century BC Hebrew prophet Ezekiel are examined as an example of this and proposals are made for a more critical yet sensitive and constructive future debate.
The bHLH factors Dpn and members of the E(spl) complex mediate the function of Notch signalling regulating cell proliferation during wing disc development
Authors: San Juan Beatriz P. , Andrade-Zapata Irene , Baonza Antonio 
Published: June 2012

Summary
The Notch signalling pathway plays an essential role in the intricate control of cell proliferation and pattern formation in many organs during animal development. In addition, mutations in most members of this pathway are well characterized and frequently lead to tumour formation. The Drosophila imaginal wing discs have provided a suitable model system for the genetic and molecular analysis of the different pathway functions. During disc development, Notch signalling at the presumptive wing margin is necessary for the restricted activation of genes required for pattern formation control and disc proliferation. Interestingly, in different cellular contexts within the wing disc, Notch can either promote cell proliferation or can block the G1-S transition by negatively regulating the expression of dmyc and bantam micro RNA. The target genes of Notch signalling that are required for these functions have not been identified. Here, we show that the Hes vertebrate homolog, deadpan (dpn), and the Enhancer-of-split complex (E(spl)C) genes act redundantly and cooperatively to mediate the Notch signalling function regulating cell proliferation during wing disc development.
Anomalous Efficacy of Bimetallic Au/Pd Nanoclusters in C–Cl Bond Activation and Formal Metathesis-type C–B Bond Activation at Room Temperature
Authors: Dhital Raghu Nath , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Au/Pd alloy nanoclusters stabilized by poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) catalyze two different reactions of phenylboronic acid with 4-chlorobenzoic acid at room temperature in a single reaction cycle, cross coupling and metathesis-type homocoupling that is normally inaccessible through conventional catalysis.
2-(N-Acyl-N-carboxymethylamino)-1-nitrodibenzo[b,d]thiophene: A New Class of Caging Group for Environmental Selective Photorelease of Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Tanaka Yuji , Momotake Atsuya , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The new environment sensitive photolabile protecting group, N-carboxymethyl-1-nitrodibenzo[b,d]thiophen-2-ylamino (CNDT) group, is described. CNDT-caging compound underwent efficient photochemical reaction to produce desired acetic acid in the presence of zwitterionic detergent, CHAPS.
Synthesis of Insulated Pt–Alkynyl Complex Polymer
Authors: Terao Jun , Masai Hiroshi , Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tsuji Yasushi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A Pt–alkynyl polymer in which the π-conjugated chain was completely covered with macrocycles was synthesized by intramolecular self-inclusion of an oligomeric phenyleneethynylene as a guest moiety with two permethylated α-cyclodextrins as hosts followed by copolymerization with a Pt(II) complex.
Prognostic value of tumor burden measurement using the number of tumors in non-surgical patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wroblewski Kristen , Pu Yonglin 
Published: June 2012

Background No study to test the feasibility and prognostic value of the number of primary tumors, the number of positive lymph nodes, and the total number of tumors in the whole body as tumor burden measurements on FDG PET/CT imaging has been reported. Purpose To determine whether the number of tumors seen in 18F-FDG PET scans can be a prognostic factor in non-surgical patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods One hundred and forty patients with histologically proven NSCLC and baseline 18F-FDG PET scan before therapy were identified in this retrospective analysis. The total number of tumors (TTn) in the whole body, the number of primary tumors (Tn), positive lymph nodes (Nn), and distant metastases (Mn), along with the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the tumors were measured. Inter-observer variability of the total number of tumors, counted by two radiologists, was assessed. Survival analyses were performed to determine the prognostic value of the number of tumors. Results Concordance correlation coefficients for the TTn, Tn, Nn, and Mn were all greater than 0.85. TTn and Nn were strong prognostic factors of NSCLC patients' overall survival (OS). In univariate Cox regression models, gender, stage, TTn, Nn, and Mn were statistically significant factors ( P = 0.016, 0.032, <0.001, <0.001, and 0.006, respectively). In multivariate Cox regression models, TTn and Nn remained as statistically significant predictors for survival with hazard ratios (HR) of 1.06 ( P = 0.001) and 1.11 ( P = 0.002), respectively, after adjusting for clinical stage based 7th edition of TNM staging system, age, gender, and SUVmax. Patients with a TTn ≤4 (cutpoint based on median value) had a median OS of 15.2 months compared with 9.0 months for those with TTn >4. Conclusion Measuring the number of tumors on FDG PET imaging is easy to perform with minimal inter-observer variability. The total number of tumors and number of nodal metastases, as metabolic tumor burden measurements in 18F-FDG PET/CT, are prognostic markers independent of clinical stage, age, gender, and SUV measurement in non-surgical patients with NSCLC.
Patient information leaflets for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: questionnaire survey
Authors: Askari A , Shergill I 
Published: June 2012

Summary Objectives To compare the level of information provided in extracorporeal Shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) patient information leaflets in the London and East of England Deaneries Design All trusts in the London and East of England Deanery who offer an ESWL service were contacted and leaflets were compared Setting London and East of England Deanery Participants Alan Askari, Iqbal Shergill Main outcome measures Examination of key information that was communicated to ESWL patients via leaflets Results 12 trusts responded across the two deaneries. There was significant variation in the amount of information provided in the leaflets with some leaflets not containing an adequate level of instruction or information to patients Conclusions The authors propose that a national standardised information leaflet should be incorporated with the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) procedure specific information leaflet for ESWL procedures
Identification ofInverse Regulator-a(Inr-a) as Synonymous with Pre-mRNA Cleavage Complex II Protein (Pcf11) in Drosophila
Authors: Xie Weiwu , Birchler James A 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA common modulation of gene expression in aneuploids is an inverse correlation of the monitored gene with the dosage of another segment of the genome. Such effects can be reduced to the action of single genes. One gene previously found to modulate leaky alleles of the white eye color gene in Drosophila is Inverse regulator-a (Inr-a). Heterozygotes of mutations increase the expression of white about 2-fold, and trisomic regions surrounding the gene reduce the expression to about two-thirds of the normal diploid level. Further cytological definition of the location of this gene on the second chromosome led to a candidate pre-mRNA cleavege complex II protein (Pcf11) as the only gene in the remaining region whose mutations exhibit recessive lethality as do alleles of Inr-a. The product of Pcf11 has been implicated in transcriptional initiation, elongation, and termination reactions. Four mutant alleles showed molecular lesions predicted to lead to nonfunctional products of Pcf11. The identification of the molecular lesion of Inr-a provides insight into the basis of this common aneuploidy effect.
Convergent Evolution of Calcineurin Pathway Roles in Thermotolerance and Virulence inCandida glabrata
Authors: Chen Ying-Lien , Konieczka Jay H , Springer Deborah J , Bowen Samantha E , Zhang Jing , Silao Fitz Gerald S , Bungay Alice Alma C , Bigol Ursela G , Nicolas Marilou G , Abraham Soman N , Thompson Dawn A , Regev Aviv , Heitman Joseph 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCandida glabrata is an emerging human fungal pathogen that is frequently drug tolerant, resulting in difficulties in treatment and a higher mortality in immunocompromised patients. The calcium-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin plays critical roles in controlling drug tolerance, hyphal growth, and virulence in diverse fungal pathogens via distinct mechanisms involving survival in serum or growth at host temperature (37° and higher). Here, we comprehensively studied the calcineurin signaling cascade in C. glabrata and found novel and uncharacterized functions of calcineurin and its downstream target Crz1 in governing thermotolerance, intracellular architecture, and pathogenesis in murine ocular, urinary tract, and systemic infections. This represents a second independent origin of a role for calcineurin in thermotolerant growth of a major human fungal pathogen, distinct from that which arose independently in Cryptococcus neoformans. Calcineurin also promotes survival of C. glabrata in serum via mechanisms distinct from C. albicans and thereby enables establishment of tissue colonization in a murine systemic infection model. To understand calcineurin signaling in detail, we performed global transcript profiling analysis and identified calcineurin- and Crz1-dependent genes in C. glabrata involved in cell wall biosynthesis, heat shock responses, and calcineurin function. Regulators of calcineurin (RCN) are a novel family of calcineurin modifiers, and two members of this family were identified in C. glabrata: Rcn1 and Rcn2. Our studies demonstrate that Rcn2 expression is controlled by calcineurin and Crz1 to function as a feedback inhibitor of calcineurin in a circuit required for calcium tolerance in C. glabrata. In contrast, the calcineurin regulator Rcn1 activates calcineurin signaling. Interestingly, neither Rcn1 nor Rcn2 is required for virulence in a murine systemic infection model. Taken together, our findings show that calcineurin signaling plays critical roles in thermotolerance and virulence, and that Rcn1 and Rcn2 have opposing functions in controlling calcineurin signaling in C. glabrata.
Introgression and Characterization of a Goatgrass Gene for a High Level of Resistance to Ug99 Stem Rust in Tetraploid Wheat
Authors: Klindworth Daryl L , Niu Zhixia , Chao Shiaoman , Friesen Timothy L , Jin Yue , Faris Justin D , Cai Xiwen , Xu Steven S 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe transfer of alien genes to crop plants using chromosome engineering has been attempted infrequently in tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum). Here, we report a highly efficient approach for the transfer of two genes conferring resistance to stem rust race Pgt-TTKSK (Ug99) from goatgrass (Aegilops speltoides) to tetraploid wheat. The durum line DAS15, carrying the stem rust resistance gene Sr47 derived from Ae. speltoides, was crossed, and backcrossed, to durum 5D(5B) aneuploids to induce homeologous pairing. After a final cross to ‘Rusty’ durum, allosyndetic recombinants were recovered. The Ae. speltoides chromosomal segment carrying Sr47 was found to have two stem rust resistance genes. One gene conditioning an infection type (IT) 2 was located in the same chromosomal region of 2BS as Sr39 and was assigned the temporary gene symbol SrAes7t. Based on ITs observed on a diverse set of rust races, SrAes7t may be the same as Sr39. The second gene conditioned an IT 0; and was located on chromosome arm 2BL. This gene retained the symbol Sr47 because it had a different IT and map location from other stem rust resistance genes derived from Ae. speltoides. Allosyndetic recombinant lines carrying each gene on minimal alien chromosomal segments were identified as were molecular markers distinguishing each alien segment. This study demonstrated that chromosome engineering of Ae. speltoides segments is feasible in tetraploid wheat. The Sr47 gene confers high-level and broad spectrum resistance to stem rust and should be very useful in efforts to control TTKSK.
Empirical Evaluation of Age Groups and Age-Subgroup Analyses in Pediatric Randomized Trials and Pediatric Meta-analyses
Authors: Contopoulos-Ioannidis Despina G. , Seto Iva , Hamm Michele P. , Thomson Denise , Hartling Lisa , Ioannidis John P. A. , Curtis Sarah , Constantin Evelyn , Batmanabane Gitanjali , Klassen Terry , Williams Katrina 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND:An important step toward improvement of the conduct of pediatric clinical research is the standardization of the ages of children to be included in pediatric trials and the optimal age-subgroups to be analyzed.METHODS:We set out to evaluate empirically the age ranges of children, and age-subgroup analyses thereof, reported in recent pediatric randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses. First, we screened 24 RCTs published in Pediatrics during the first 6 months of 2011; second, we screened 188 pediatric RCTs published in 2007 in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; third, we screened 48 pediatric meta-analyses published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2011. We extracted information on age ranges and age-subgroups considered and age-subgroup differences reported.RESULTS:The age range of children in RCTs published in Pediatrics varied from 0.1 to 17.5 years (median age: 5; interquartile range: 1.8–10.2) and only 25% of those presented age-subgroup analyses. Large variability was also detected for age ranges in 188 RCTs from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and only 28 of those analyzed age-subgroups. Moreover, only 11 of 48 meta-analyses had age-subgroup analyses, and in 6 of those, only different studies were included. Furthermore, most of these observed differences were not beyond chance.CONCLUSIONS:We observed large variability in the age ranges and age-subgroups of children included in recent pediatric trials and meta-analyses. Despite the limited available data, some age-subgroup differences were noted. The rationale for the selection of particular age-subgroups deserves further study.
Independent Factors and Predictive Score for Extrahepatic Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Curative Hepatectomy
Authors: Jun Li , Zhenlin Yan , Renyan Gong , Yizhou Wang , Xuying Wan , Feng Xue , Yong Xia , Kui Wang , Jian Liu , Dong Wu , Hongyang Wang , Lehua Shi , Mengchao Wu , Feng Shen 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background.
Postoperative extrahepatic metastasis (EHM) contributes to a poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy. This study was aimed to develop a practical method that can be used to predict postoperative EHM.

Methods.
In total, 578 patients were enrolled. We analyzed the clinicopathological features of the tumors and did a long-term follow-up to observe HCC recurrence. Postoperative EHM was detected in 136 patients, and multivariate analysis was used to confirm independent risk factors for postoperative EHM. After the factors were identified, a predictive scoring system was constructed as a weighted sum of these factors. The cutoff value that determines a high risk for EHM was defined by maximizing the Youden's index of the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results.
Microvascular invasion, incomplete capsule, and larger tumor diameter were the three independent factors predictive for a high risk for EHM. The scoring system was derived with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 for postoperative 10-year EHM prediction. A cutoff value of 43 was derived and validated with a sensitivity &gt;90% and specificity &gt;60% to predict the development of EHM. This system was further verified in a subgroup of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0–A patients with an AUC of 0.82. When the cutoff value was set at 43, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.38% and 64.88%, respectively.

Conclusions.
Our predictive scoring system may be used to identify HCC patients who have a high risk for EHM following curative hepatectomy.
Amnion–Chorion Allograft Barrier Used for Guided Tissue Regeneration Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects: A Retrospective Observational Report
Authors: Holtzclaw Dan J. , Toscano Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2012

Introduction: Combination guided tissue regeneration (GTR) for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects has been an accepted treatment modality for nearly 30 years and has undergone a number of changes during this time, including the use of multiple different barrier membrane materials. Amnion–chorion membrane (ACM) is a placental‐derived tissue that has been used in medicine for >100 years and recently introduced for combination GTR use in dentistry. This retrospective observational report documents use of ACM for combination GTR treatment of periodontal intrabony defects with a minimum of 12‐month post‐surgical observation.Case Series: Review of the practice's electronic database revealed that 114 patients were treated with GTR therapy from March 2010 to October 2011. Of these patients, 64 were treated with ACM combination GTR therapy and had ≥12 months of follow‐up. All patients were diagnosed with localized moderate‐to‐severe chronic periodontitis and exhibited radiographic evidence of ≥1 vertical osseous defect. All patients were treated by thorough degranulation of intrabony periodontal defects and placement of bone allograft covered by ACM. Clinical measurements 12 months after surgery revealed an average probing depth reduction of 5.06 ± 1.37 mm and clinical attachment level improvement of 4.61 ± 1.29 mm.Conclusion: The results of this retrospective observational report are promising and warrant additional controlled, long‐term studies to further evaluate the effectiveness of ACM for combination GTR treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.
Locally Delivered 0.5% Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Treatment in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Agarwal Esha , Bajaj Pavan , Naik Savitha B. , Pradeep A.R. 
Published: June 2012

Background: Several epidemiologic studies have identified a greater incidence of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent developments suggest that local delivery of antimicrobials into periodontal pockets improve periodontal health. The present study is designed to investigate the adjunctive effects of subgingivally delivered azithromycin (AZM; 0.5% concentration) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for treating chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A total of 63 patients were categorized into two treatment groups: 1) group 1: SRP + placebo gel and 2) group 2: SRP + 0.5% AZM. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months; they included modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL).Results: Both therapies resulted in significant improvements. Using a patient‐based analysis, patients in group 2 treated with SRP + 0.5% AZM showed enhanced reductions in PI, GI, mSBI, and PD and gains in CAL (P <0.05) over 9 months compared with group 1.Conclusion: Although both treatment strategies seem to benefit the patients, the adjunctive use of 0.5% AZM as a controlled drug delivery system enhances the clinical outcome.