bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Morbidity in Long-Term Survivors of Testicular Cancer: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Haugnes Hege S. , Wethal Torgeir , Aass Nina , Dahl Olav , Klepp Olbjørn , Langberg Carl W. , Wilsgaard Tom , Bremnes Roy M. , Fosså Sophie D. 
Published: September 2010

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and long-term incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in survivors of testicular cancer (TC). Methods Overall, 990 men treated for unilateral TC (1980 to 1994) were included in this national follow-up study (2007 to 2008). They were categorized into four treatment groups: surgery (n = 206), radiotherapy only (RT; n = 386), chemotherapy only (n = 364), and combined RT/chemotherapy (n = 34). Age-matched male controls from the general population (ie, NORMs) were included (n = 990). Survivors of TC who were diagnosed with CVD before or within 2 years after the TC diagnosis were excluded from analyses of CVD end points. Results Median observation time was 19 years (range, 13 to 28 years). All cytotoxic treatment groups had significantly increased prevalences of antihypertensive medication, and survivors in the RT and RT/chemotherapy groups had higher prevalences of diabetes (RT: odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.7; RT/chemotherapy: OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 10.9) compared with NORMs. Overall 74 survivors of TC (8.0%) experienced atherosclerotic disease during follow-up. Increased risks for atherosclerotic disease were observed in age-adjusted Cox regression analyses after any cytotoxic treatment when compared with surgery only (RT: hazard ratio [HR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.04 to 5.3; chemotherapy: HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 5.9; RT/chemotherapy: HR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.6 to 14.4). Treatment with cisplatin, bleomycin, and etoposide (BEP) alone had a 5.7-fold higher risk (95% CI, 1.9 to 17.1 fold) for coronary artery disease compared with surgery only and a 3.1-fold higher risk (95% CI, 1.2 to 7.7 fold) for myocardial infarction compared with NORMs. Conclusion Treatment with infradiaphragmatic RT and/or cisplatin-based chemotherapy, particularly the BEP regimen, increases the long-term risk for CVD in survivors of TC.
Castration-Dependent Pharmacokinetics of Docetaxel in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Franke Ryan M. , Carducci Michael A. , Rudek Michelle A. , Baker Sharyn D. , Sparreboom Alex 
Published: September 2010

PurposeTo assess whether the low incidence of severe neutropenia in castrated men with prostate cancer treated with docetaxel is the result of changes in systemic clearance.Patients and MethodsA total of 10 noncastrated and 20 castrated men with prostate cancer were studied to achieve 80% power (α = .05) to detect at least a 25% change in the clearance of docetaxel. The erythromycin breath test was evaluated to determine hepatic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), the main docetaxel-metabolizing enzyme. Additional studies were performed in rats and transfected cells overexpressing human or rodent transporters.ResultsDocetaxel clearance was increased by approximately 100% in castrated men and was associated with a two-fold reduction in area under the curve (P = .0001), although hepatic activity of CYP3A4 was unchanged (P = .26). In rats, castration was associated with higher uptake of docetaxel in the liver and a concurrent increase in the expression of rOat2 (Slc22a7), an organic anion transporter that regulates, in part, the transfer of docetaxel from the circulation into hepatocytes.ConclusionIt is recommended that castration- and/or hormone-related changes in the clearance of oncology drugs should be considered as a possible risk factor for treatment failure.
Representations of quivers over a ring and the Weak Krull–Schmidt Theorems
Authors: Girardi Nicola 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.
Let R be a ring and Q be a finite quiver, and let be the
number of vertices of Q. Let be the class of
representations of Q by right R-modules with local endomorphism
ring and R-module homomorphisms. The endomorphism ring of a
representation has at most n maximal right
ideals, all of which are also left ideals, and the isomorphism class
of M is determined by n invariants.
The main theorem of this paper states that a finite direct sum of representations in is unique up to n
permutations of m elements. Let . A non-directed graph associated to M is
introduced and is shown to determine the unique decomposition of M
into indecomposable representations. This class of representations
is shown to generalize the known classes of modules for
which a theorem analogous to the case of our
main theorem holds.
Assessment of Oil Dispersion Pesticide Formulations Using Rheology and Near Infrared Centrifugation Techniques
Authors: Qin Kuide , Keeney F. Nelson , Oliver M. Paige 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOil dispersion (OD), as a formulation type in the pesticide industry, has become more important over the past few years. This increased importance is due to (1) new water sensitive active ingredients, (2) the compatibility of active ingredient mixtures, (3) the need to build-in adjuvancy properties, and (4) customer preference of liquid formulations. Unlike well known technologies such as aqueous suspension concentrates (SCs), for which scientists have extensive experience in formulation practices resulting in readily available technologies for developing a stable formulation, OD is a relatively new technology. Technical knowledge for developing a stable OD formulation is still an area that needs significant investigation. The present work seeks to determine useful criteria for characterizing and predicting long term stability of OD formulations using readily accessible technologies such as rheological measurements and centrifugation. The characterization results are reported for systems that are commercially available from two agricultural companies.
Sorption and Thermal Properties of Insulating Mortars with Expanded and Vitrified Small Ball
Authors: Fang Ping , Mukhopadhyaya Phalguni , Kumaran Kumar , Shi Caijun 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Expanded vitrified small hollow ball (EVSB), made from a special type of perlite mineral is one of the recently developed materials in China. It is widely used as a cementitious thermal insulating mortar for building envelope construction in hot-humid areas of southern China. However, EVSB is a porous material sensitive to environmental moisture. The thermal insulating property of the EVSB mortar is dependent on its moisture transport and storage characteristics. In this study, hygroscopic sorption properties of EVSB mortars have been investigated in comparison with those of normal expanded perlite particle (NEPP) mortars. The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller specific surface area and the Barrett, Joyner and Halenda pore size distribution, as well as the scanning electron microscope micromorphologies of the mortars were assessed. It was observed that EVSB mortars had lower moisture sorption capacity than NEPP mortars when the relative humidity (RH) was higher than 70 % because of its lower total pore volume. The addition of water-repellent admixtures in the mortar decreased the moisture sorption capacity of EVSB mortars but still maintains the same physisorption isothermal characteristics. It is also evident that the thermal conductivity values of both NEPP and EVSB mortars increased rapidly when RH is above 90 %. However, the increased rate of thermal conductivity of NEPP mortars was apparently higher than that of EVSB mortars. It is hoped that finding from this study will help to develop a better understanding of the in situ thermal performance of the EVSB mortar used for the building envelope construction in hot and humid areas of southern China.
The Role of eIF1 in Translation Initiation Codon Selection in Caenorhabditis
elegans
Authors: Maduzia Lisa L , Moreau Anais , Poullet Nausicaa , Chaffre Sebastien , Zhang Yinhua 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The selection of a proper AUG start codon requires the base-pairing interactions between the codon on the mRNA and the anticodon of the initiator tRNA. This selection process occurs in a pre-initiation complex that includes multiple translation initiation factors and the small ribosomal subunit. To study how these initiation factors are involved in start codon recognition in multicellular organisms, we isolated mutants that allow the expression of a GFP reporter containing a non-AUG start codon. Here we describe the characterization of mutations in eif-1, which encodes the Caenorhabditiselegans translation initiation factor 1 (eIF1). Two mutations were identified, both of which are substitutions of amino acid residues that are identical in all eukaryotic eIF1 proteins. These residues are located in a structural region where the amino acid residues affected by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae eIF1 mutations are also localized. Both C. elegans mutations are dominant in conferring a non-AUG translation initiation phenotype and lead to growth arrest defects in homozygous animals. By assaying reporter constructs that have base changes at the AUG start codon, these mutants are found to allow expression from most reporters that carry single base changes within the AUG codon. This trend of non-AUG mediated initiation was also observed previously for C. elegans eIF2β mutants, indicating that these two factors play a similar role. These results support that eIF1 functions in ensuring the fidelity of AUG start codon recognition in a multicellular organism.
Exploiting Natural Variation inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeto Identify Genes for Increased Ethanol Resistance
Authors: Lewis Jeffrey A , Elkon Isaac M , McGee Mick A , Higbee Alan J , Gasch Audrey P 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEthanol production from lignocellulosic biomass holds promise as an alternative fuel. However, industrial stresses, including ethanol stress, limit microbial fermentation and thus prevent cost competitiveness with fossil fuels. To identify novel engineering targets for increased ethanol tolerance, we took advantage of natural diversity in wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. We previously showed that an S288c-derived lab strain cannot acquire higher ethanol tolerance after a mild ethanol pretreatment, which is distinct from other stresses. Here, we measured acquired ethanol tolerance in a large panel of wild strains and show that most strains can acquire higher tolerance after pretreatment. We exploited this major phenotypic difference to address the mechanism of acquired ethanol tolerance, by comparing the global gene expression response to 5% ethanol in S288c and two wild strains. Hundreds of genes showed variation in ethanol-dependent gene expression across strains. Computational analysis identified several transcription factor modules and known coregulated genes as differentially expressed, implicating genetic variation in the ethanol signaling pathway. We used this information to identify genes required for acquisition of ethanol tolerance in wild strains, including new genes and processes not previously linked to ethanol tolerance, and four genes that increase ethanol tolerance when overexpressed. Our approach shows that comparative genomics across natural isolates can quickly identify genes for industrial engineering while expanding our understanding of natural diversity.
Increasing Prevalence of Medically Complex Children in US Hospitals
Authors: Burns Katherine H. , Casey Patrick H. , Lyle Robert E. , Bird T. Mac , Fussell Jill J. , Robbins James M. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:
In this study we used national data to determine changes in the prevalence of hospital admissions for medically complex children over a 15-year period.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a component of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, was analyzed in 3-year increments from 1991 to 2005 to determine national trends in rates of hospitalization of children aged 8 days to 4 years with chronic conditions. Discharge diagnoses from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample were grouped into 9 categories of complex chronic conditions (CCCs). Hospitalization rates for each of the 9 CCC categories were studied both individually and in combination. Trends of children hospitalized with 2 specific disorders, cerebral palsy (CP) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, with additional diagnoses in more than 1 CCC category were also examined.

RESULTS:
Hospitalization rates of children with diagnoses in more than 1 CCC category increased from 83.7 per 100 000 (1991–1993) to 166 per 100 000 (2003–2005) (P[r] &lt; .001). The hospitalization rate of children with CP plus more than 1 CCC diagnosis increased from 7.1 to 10.4 per 100 000 (P = .002), whereas the hospitalization rates of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia plus more than 1 CCC diagnosis increased from 9.8 to 23.9 per 100 000 (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Consistent increases in hospitalization rates were noted among children with diagnoses in multiple CCC categories, whereas hospitalization rates of children with CP alone have remained stable. The relative medical complexity of hospitalized pediatric patients has increased over the past 15 years.
Corticosteroids May Improve Clinical Outcomes During Hospitalization for Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Authors: Weiss Pamela F. , Klink Andrew J. , Localio Russell , Hall Matt , Hexem Kari , Burnham Jon M. , Keren Ron , Feudtner Chris 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:To characterize the effect of corticosteroid exposure on clinical outcomes in children hospitalized with new-onset Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).PATIENTS AND METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children discharged with an International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification code of HSP between 2000 and 2007 by using inpatient administrative data from 36 tertiary care children's hospitals. We used stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the relative effect of time-varying corticosteroid exposure on the risks of clinical outcomes that occur during hospitalization for acute HSP.RESULTS:During the 8-year study period, there were 1895 hospitalizations for new-onset HSP. After multivariable regression modeling adjustment, early corticosteroid exposure significantly reduced the hazard ratios for abdominal surgery (0.39 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17–0.91]), endoscopy (0.27 [95% CI: 0.13–0.55]), and abdominal imaging (0.50 [95% CI: 0.29–0.88]) during hospitalization.CONCLUSIONS:In the hospital setting, early corticosteroid exposure was associated with benefits for several clinically relevant HSP outcomes, specifically those related to the gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease.
Adenovirus 36 and Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gabbert Charles , Donohue Michael , Arnold John , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The primary aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adenovirus 36 (AD36)-specific antibodies and obesity in children.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study of children 8 to 18 years of age was performed. Children were classified according to BMI percentile as nonobese (&lt;95th percentile) or obese (≥95th percentile). The presence of AD36-specific neutralizing antibodies was assessed by using the serum neutralization assay.

RESULTS:
A total of 124 children (median age: 13.6 years) were studied. Of those children, 46% were nonobese and 54% were obese. AD36 positivity was present in 19 children (15%). The majority of children found to be AD36-positive were obese (15 [78%] of 19 children). AD36 positivity was significantly (P &lt; .05) more frequent in obese children (15 [22%] of 67 children) than nonobese children (4 [7%] of 57 children). Among the subset of children who were obese, those who were AD36-positive had significantly larger anthropometric measures, including weight, BMI, waist circumference, and waist/height ratio.

CONCLUSION:
These data support an association of obesity and higher body weight with the presence of neutralizing antibodies to AD36 in children. If a cause-and-effect relationship is established, it would have considerable implications for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Day Care Versus Hospital Care of Severe Pneumonia in Bangladesh
Authors: Ashraf Hasan , Mahmud Rokhsana , Alam Nur H. , Jahan Selina A. , Kamal Syed M. , Haque Fazlul , Salam Mohammed A. , Gyr Niklaus 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:
A randomized controlled trial compared day care versus hospital care management of pneumonia.

METHODS:
Children 2 to 59 months of age with severe pneumonia received either day care, with antibiotic treatment, feeding, and supportive care from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm, or hospital care, with similar 24-hour treatment.

RESULTS:
In 2006–2008, 360 children were assigned randomly to receive either day care or hospital care; 189 (53%) had hypoxemia, with a mean ± SD oxygen saturation of 93 ± 4%, which increased to 99 ± 1% after oxygen therapy. The mean ± SD durations of day care and hospital care were 7.1 ± 2.3 and 6.5 ± 2.8 days, respectively. Successful management was possible for 156 (87.7% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.9%–90.9%]) of 180 children in the day care group and 173 (96.1% [95% CI: 92.2%–98.1%]) of 180 children in the hospital care group (P = .001). Twenty-three children in the day care group (12.8% [95% CI: 8.7%–18.4%] and 4 children in the hospital care group (2.2% [95% CI: 0.9%–5.6%] required referral to hospitals (P &lt; .001). During the follow-up period, 22 children in the day care group (14.1% [95% CI: 9.5%–20.4%]) and 11 children in the hospital care group (6.4% [95% CI: 3.6%–11%]) required readmission to hospitals (P = .01). The estimated costs per child treated successfully at the clinic and the hospital were US$114 and US$178, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Severe childhood pneumonia without severe malnutrition can be successfully managed at day care clinics, except for children with hypoxemia who require prolonged oxygen therapy.
Trends and Outcomes of Adolescent Bariatric Surgery in California, 2005–2007
Authors: Jen Howard C. , Rickard Diana G. , Shew Stephen B. , Maggard Melinda A. , Slusser Wendy M. , Dutson Erik P. , DeUgarte Daniel A. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to evaluate trends, and outcomes of adolescents who undergo bariatric surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients younger than 21 years who underwent elective bariatric surgery between 2005 and 2007 were identified from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the type of surgery.

RESULTS:
Overall, 590 adolescents (aged 13–20 years) underwent bariatric surgery in 86 hospitals. White adolescents represented 28% of those who were overweight but accounted for 65% of the procedures. Rates of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) increased 6.9-fold from 0.3 to 1.5 per 100 000 population (P &lt; .01), whereas laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) rates decreased from 3.8 to 2.7 per 100 000 population (P &lt; .01). Self-payers were more likely to undergo LAGB (relative risk [RR]: 3.51 [95% confidence interval: 2.11–5.32]) and less likely to undergo LRYGB (RR: 0.45 [95% confidence interval: 0.33–0.58]) compared with privately insured adolescents. The rate of major in-hospital complication was 1%, and no deaths were reported. Of the patients who received LAGB, 4.7% had band revision/removal. In contrast, 2.9% of those who received LRYGB required reoperations.

CONCLUSIONS:
White adolescent girls disproportionately underwent bariatric surgery. Although LAGB has not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in children, its use has increased dramatically. There was a complication rate and no deaths. Long-term studies are needed to fully assess the efficacy, safety, and health care costs of these procedures in adolescents.
Modelling of lead removal by an aquatic moss
Authors: Martins R. J. E. , Boaventura R. A. R. 
Published: September 2010

Aquatic bryophytes are frequently used as biomonitors for trace metals in aquatic ecosystems. Nevertheless, their special characteristics also allow using them as biosorbents to clean industrial wastewaters. As biosorption is a low cost and effective method for treating metal-bearing wastewaters, understanding the process kinetics is relevant for design purposes.
In this study, the ability of the aquatic bryophyte Fontinalis antipyretica to remove lead from simulated wastewaters was evaluated. Three kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich) were fitted to the experimental data and compared by the F-test. Previously, the effect on biosorption of parameters such as the initial solution pH, contact time and initial metal ion concentration was investigated. The initial pH of the solution was found to have an optimum value is in the range 4.0–6.0. The equilibrium sorption capacity of lead by Fontinalis antipyretica increased with the initial metal concentration. For an initial metal concentration of 10 mg L−1, the uptake capacity at equilibrium was 4.8 mg g−1. Nevertheless, when the initial concentration increased up to 100 mg L−1, the uptake of lead was 10 times higher. The pseudo-second order biosorption kinetic model provided the better correlation with the experimental data (R2=1.00). The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms to the present system was also assessed. The maximum lead sorption capacity by Fontinalis antipyretica was 68 mg g−1.
TV Channels, Self-Control and Happiness
Authors: Benesch Christine , Frey Bruno S. , Stutzer Alois 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Standard economic theory suggests that more choice is usually better. We address this claim and investigate whether people can cope with the increasing number of television programs and watch the amount of TV they find optimal for themselves or whether they are prone to over-consumption. We find that heavy TV viewers do not benefit but instead report lower life satisfaction with access to more TV channels. This finding suggests that an identifiable group of individuals experiences a self-control problem when it comes to TV viewing.
Regulation of Fasting Fuel Metabolism by Toll-Like Receptor 4
Authors: Pang Shanshan , Tang Haiqing , Zhuo Shu , Zang Ying Qin , Le Yingying 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been reported to induce insulin resistance through inflammation in high-fat–fed mice. However, the physiological role of TLR4 in metabolism is unknown. Here, we investigated the involvement of TLR4 in fasting metabolism.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Wild-type and TLR4 deficient (TLR4−/−) mice were either fed or fasted for 24 h. Glucose and lipid levels in circulation and tissues were measured. Glucose and lipid metabolism in tissues, as well as the expression of related enzymes, was examined.

RESULTS
Mice lacking TLR4 displayed aggravated fasting hypoglycemia, along with normal hepatic gluconeogenesis, but reversed activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) in skeletal muscle, which might account for the fasting hypoglycemia. TLR4−/− mice also exhibited higher lipid levels in circulation and skeletal muscle after fasting and reversed expression of lipogenic enzymes in skeletal muscle but not liver and adipose tissue. Adipose tissue lipolysis is normal and muscle fatty acid oxidation is increased in TLR4−/− mice after fasting. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in TLR4−/− mice abolished hyperlipidemia, hypoglycemia, and PDC activity increase, suggesting that TLR4-dependent inhibition of muscle lipogenesis may contribute to glucose and lipid homeostasis during fasting. Further studies showed that TLR4 deficiency had no effect on insulin signaling and muscle proinflammatory cytokine production in response to fasting.

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that TLR4 plays a critical role in glucose and lipid metabolism independent of insulin during fasting and identify a novel physiological role for TLR4 in fuel homeostasis.