bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beneath the Surface of Self‐Reports: Dissecting Subjective and Neural Responses to Age‐Specific Visual Stimuli
Authors: Sambuco Nicola , Stevens Elise M. , Versace Francesco 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe current study examined how adolescents respond to emotionally arousing images that are considered age‐appropriate, such as sports, food, and threatening animals. Prior research in adults has shown a mismatch between subjective arousal ratings and the late positive potential (LPP) for pleasant images, and we aimed to test whether this discrepancy is also present in adolescents. The results showed a larger LPP in response to unpleasant, compared to pleasant, contents. However, comparisons across the different emotional contents showed that the concordance between subjective and neural engagement varies depending on the emotional contents of the scenes. Specifically, images of threatening animals were rated high in emotional arousal and prompted the largest LPP in adolescents, while images of sad people and images of mundane activities were rated lower in emotional arousal and prompted the smallest LPP responses. However, adolescents showed significant divergence in their responses to pleasant images depicting food and sport: despite being rated high in emotional arousal, these images elicited relatively small LPPs. These results highlight the challenges of selecting emotional pictures to assess neuroaffective responses to pleasant and unpleasant pictures in adolescents. To overcome these challenges, future studies may adopt experimental paradigms that will allow researchers to measure neuroaffective responses not just in free‐viewing contexts but also during anticipation and reception of actual rewards (and punishments).
Neural Correlates of Proactive and Reactive Control Investigated Using a Novel Precued Antisaccade Paradigm
Authors: Duschek Stefan , Piwkowski Paulina , Rainer Thomas , Vorwerk Johannes , Riml Laurine , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis ERP study investigated the neural correlates of proactive and reactive control using a novel precued antisaccade paradigm. Proactive control refers to preparatory processes during anticipation of a behaviorally relevant event; reactive control is activated after such an event to ensure goal attainment. A 64‐channel EEG was obtained in 35 healthy subjects; video‐based eye tracking was applied for ocular recording. In the task, a target (probe) appeared left or right of the fixation point 1800 ms after a central cue; subjects had to look toward the probe (prosaccade) or its mirror image position (antisaccade). Probes were positive, negative or neutral face expressions, with their frame colors instructing task requirements. The cue informed about antisaccade probability (70% vs. 30%) in each trial. High antisaccade probability was associated with larger CNV amplitude than low antisaccade probability. In trials with incongruence between expected and actual task requirements, probe N2 and P3a amplitudes were larger than in congruent trials. In incongruent trials, P3a was smaller for negative than positive and neutral probes. Task accuracy and speed were lower in incongruent trials and varied according to affective probe valence. EEG source imaging suggested the origin of the ERPs to be in orbitofrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus. The effect on the CNV indicates greater cortical activity during higher proactive control demands. Larger N2 and P3a in incongruent trials reflect greater resource allocation to conflict monitoring and conflict resolution, i.e., reactive control. The influence of probe valence on P3a suggests reduced processing capacity due to negative information.
Forest conservation as a common concern: EU Regulation on Deforestation‐free Products in the light of public international law
Authors: Sandulli Elena 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo curb its global deforestation footprint, the European Union (EU) enacted the Regulation on Deforestation‐free Products (EUDR). The EUDR highlights the tension between forest conservation as interest of the international community and sovereignty over forest resources, bringing about the dilemma of who should bear the cost of action. It has, thus, proven to be controversial with the EU's trade partners. Framing forest conservation as a common concern, I assess this tension by analysing the EUDR against selected aspects of public international law. I argue the key question is not whether but how the EU should regulate its global deforestation footprint. The substantial connection between the EU and global forest loss legitimises the EUDR with its ‘extraterritorial effect’. However, the EU should exercise jurisdictional self‐restraint to account for the interests of States sharing the regulatory space, in line with the proportionality principle and respect the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.
Outsourced, Inspected, and Effective? The Effect of Inspections on the Safety Performance of Prisons in England and Wales 2004–2012
Authors: Nakamura Ayako 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWhile outsourcing of public services is today widespread, maintaining their quality remains a challenge. External inspections are seen as essential for overseeing private providers, yet their effectiveness has not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluates the impact of pre‐scheduled inspections on the performance of private and publicly operated prisons in England and Wales between 2004 and 2012, focusing on two key safety indicators: self‐harm and violence. Our findings reveal that private prisons' performance in these safety measures was weak, and that pre‐scheduled predictable inspections are not effective enough to mitigate this weakness. The findings suggest that governments should consider areas where outsourcing may be inappropriate, and how existing inspection systems can be optimized.
Pre‐Treatment MMP7 Predicts Progressive Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Antifibrotic Treated Patients
Authors: Li Roger M. , Tan Dino B. A. , Tedja Chantalia , Cooper Wendy A. , Jo Helen E. , Grainge Christopher , Glaspole Ian N. , Goh Nicole , Ellis Samantha , Hopkins Peter M. A. , Zappala Christopher , Keir Gregory J. , Reynolds Paul N. , Chapman Sally , Walters E. Haydn , Knight Darryl , Baltic Svetlana , Chih HuiJun , Corte Tamera J. , Moodley Yuben P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis. Antifibrotics slow the decline of pulmonary function after 12‐months, but limited studies have examined the role of circulatory biomarkers in antifibrotic treated IPF patients.MethodsSerum from 98 IPF participants, from the Australian Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry were collected at four time‐points over 1 year post‐antifibrotic treatment and analysed as two separate cohorts. Patients were stratified as progressive, if they experienced ≥ 10% decline in FVC or ≥ 15% decline in DLCO or were deceased within 1 year of treatment initiation: or otherwise as stable. Ten molecules of interest were measured by ELISAs in patient serum.ResultsBaseline MMP7 levels were higher in progressive than stable patients in Cohort 1 (p = 0.02) and Cohort 2 (p = 0.0002). Baseline MMP7 levels also best differentiated progressive from stable patients (Cohort 1, AUC = 0.74, p = 0.02; Cohort 2, AUC = 0.81, p = 0.0003). Regression analysis of the combined cohort showed that elevated MMP7 levels predicted 12‐month progression (OR = 1.530, p = 0.010) and increased risk of overall mortality (HR = 1.268, p = 0.002). LASSO regression identified a multi‐biomarker panel (MMP7, ICAM‐1, CHI3L1, CA125) that differentiated progression more accurately than MMP7 alone. Furthermore, GAP combined with MMP7, ICAM‐1, CCL18 and SP‐D was more predictive of 3‐year mortality than GAP alone.ConclusionMMP7 along with a multi‐biomarker and GAP panel can predict IPF progression and mortality, with the potential for optimising management.
Smoothing of the Higher‐Order Stokes Phenomenon
Authors: Howls Chris J. , King John R. , Nemes Gergő , Olde Daalhuis Adri B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFor over a century, the Stokes phenomenon had been perceived as a discontinuous change in the asymptotic representation of a function. In 1989, Berry demonstrated it is possible to smooth this discontinuity in broad classes of problems with the prefactor for the exponentially small contribution switching on/off taking a universal error function form. Following pioneering work of Berk, Nevins, and Roberts and the Japanese school of formally exact asymptotics, the concept of the higher‐order Stokes phenomenon was introduced, whereby the ability for the exponentially small terms to cause a Stokes phenomenon may change, depending on the values of parameters in the problem, corresponding to the associated Borel‐plane singularities transitioning between Riemann sheets. Until now, the higher‐order Stokes phenomenon has also been treated as a discontinuous event. In this paper, we show how the higher‐order Stokes phenomenon is also smooth and occurs universally with a prefactor that takes the form of a new special function, based on a Gaussian convolution of an error function. We provide a rigorous derivation of the result, with examples spanning the gamma function, a second‐order nonlinear ODE, and the telegraph equation, giving rise to a ghost‐like smooth contribution present in the vicinity of a Stokes line, but which rapidly tends to zero on either side. We also include a rigorous derivation of the effect of the smoothed higher‐order Stokes phenomenon on the individual terms in the asymptotic series, where the additional contributions appear prefactored by an error function.
Multispectral autofluorescence for label free classification of immune cell type and activation/polarization status
Authors: Habibalahi Abbas , Anwer Ayad G. , Knab Aline , Grey Shane T. , Goldys Ewa M. , Campbell Jared M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEvaluating immune status is a challenging and time‐consuming process that involves analysing various biomarkers through numerous assays. The sensitive label‐free technique of multispectral imaging of cell autofluorescence involves directly assessing the molecular composition of cells to gather biological information. Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 modified media supplemented with penicillin–streptomycin and 10% foetal bovine serum at 37°C, with 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Activation and differentiation was confirmed using immunofluorophores against relevant markers. Multispectral microscopy utilized defined spectral regions, which spanned the excitation (345–476 nm) and emission (414–675 nm) wavelength ranges. In total, 56 distinct spectral channels were applied. These channels cover the spectrum of several fluorophores notably NAD(P)H and flavins, whose concentrations depend on cellular metabolism. We identified distinct spectral signatures for characterizing cells from the Jurkat, Ramos, THP‐1, and HL‐60 immune cell lines. These signatures correspond to four major immune cell types: T cells (Lymphocytes), B cells (Lymphocytes), monocytes and neutrophils. Moreover, our investigation explored the potential identification of both activated and resting forms of these cells, including the discrimination of M0, M1 and M2 polarized macrophages. Classification accuracy ranged from 92% to 100% based on receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) assessment. These results indicate that the multispectral evaluation of cell autofluorescence is applicable for characterization of immune status. This includes the assessment of cell types and their activation status, all achievable through a single non‐invasive assay.
Mutual Aid as Prefigurative Politics—Beyond Anarchism
Authors: Skyer Robin , Roth Silke , Reed Elizabeth 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSince the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, mutual aid has received increasing scholarly attention. Mutual aid has long been considered a form of ‘prefigurative politics’. Those engaged in mutual aid create structures and practices as potentially radical and subversive alternatives. However, we argue that mutual aid can be prefigurative beyond anarchist thought and praxis. Our review demonstrates that it represents an important form of political change making practiced by groups with different worldviews. Furthermore, we argue that all forms of mutual aid—whether anarchist or not—potentially politicise group members. We critically evaluate existing conceptualisations of mutual aid and introduce a framework of key dimensions to examine varieties of mutual aid. We proceed as follows: first, we define mutual aid and contextualise it as a form of prefigurative politics. Second, we provide a short overview of different conceptual approaches to mutual aid, acknowledging the complexity of mutual aid as it is understood and practiced. We then introduce a framework of key dimensions that typify mutual aid which can help us to distinguish its different forms. Finally, we apply our framework to disaster contexts and self‐help to demonstrate how its dimensions contribute to understanding the complexities of mutual aid.
Changes in soil quality in response to the application of different organic amendments to abandoned croplands under semi‐arid conditions
Authors: Soria Rocío , Zema Demetrio Antonio , Ortega Raúl , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteba , Miralles Isabel 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChoosing the most suitable organic amendment to restore abandoned croplands in semi‐arid conditions is difficult. This is due to the complexity of soil processes and the high number of soil properties modified by the substrates. This work evaluates the variations in the main physical, chemical and biochemical properties, and the quality in terms of nutrient enhancement and microbiological activity (assessed by the soil quality index) of two abandoned agricultural soils treated with four composted organic amendments throughout 18 months in Andalusia (Southern, Spain) compared to untreated and natural sites. The tested organic amendments were vermicompost, compost from greenhouse crop residues, compost from poultry manure, certified organic compost produced from a mixture of chicken and sheep manure, and plant residues. The organic amendments noticeably changed the contents in organic matter (up to 170% in soils treated with vermicompost) and nutrients (up to 40‐fold for phosphorus after application of poultry manure) as well as some enzymatic activities compared to untreated soils. These changes were different according to the applied compost and the treated site, and the monitored soil properties were also affected by a significant variability (p < .001) but not monotonic over time. The short‐term effects of treatments were different in the study areas. The treatments with animal compost had better effects on soil properties (increases in soil quality index by 90%–120% compared to untreated soils) in the first site. In the second site, the compost from greenhouse plants was the most effective at increasing the soil quality (+50%). This was due to the significant increases in organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and enzymatic activity of soil. Overall, the study indicates that the application of organic soil amendments will have a different behaviour at a specific site and therefore the selection of the most suitable amendment in terms of the restoration of soil quality effectiveness of abandoned soil croplands.
A Novel Deployment Strategy Based on Improved Gradient‐Based Optimizer for BLE Anchor Nodes
Authors: Yan Jinjin , Zhang Manyu , Gu Fuqiang , Li You 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBluetooth low energy (BLE) technology has gained attraction for indoor localization in recent years due to its low power consumption and cost‐effectiveness. However, deploying BLE anchor nodes in indoor environments, particularly in areas with obstacles that can interfere with signal strength, remains a major challenge. This paper proposes a novel deployment strategy that utilizes an improved gradient‐based optimizer (GBO) algorithm to address these challenges. The primary objective is to improve both the coverage of BLE anchor nodes and the accuracy of localization. To assess the effectiveness of the deployment schemes generated by the algorithm, we introduce a comprehensive performance evaluation metric. This metric integrates multiple indicators, including capability rate, geometric accuracy factor, penalty term, sensor network topology, and network uniformity. An obstacle perception model is also introduced to mitigate the impact of deviations between measured values from the RSSI ranging model in obstacle‐rich environments and actual ground truth values. This model adjusts the measurements to enhance the reliability of the localization process. The presented algorithm is tested in an indoor space with obstacles. Experimental results demonstrate that the novel algorithm significantly optimizes anchor node layouts, enhancing coverage, and localization accuracy. Compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed method shows better performances and highlights its potential for more accurate and efficient BLE indoor localization. In particular, our research achieved an 86% probability of positioning errors within 3 m, surpassing the best results of other deployment schemes by approximately 11%. This highlights the potential of our approach for more accurate and efficient BLE‐based indoor localization.
A Career Dedicated to Gesture, Language, Learning, and Cognition: Susan Goldin‐Meadow, 2021 Recipient of the Rumelhart Prize
Authors: Alibali Martha Wagner , Cook Susan Wagner 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSusan Goldin‐Meadow is the 2021 Recipient of the Rumelhart Prize. Goldin‐Meadow's body of research addresses the roles of gesture in language creation, communication, learning, and cognition. In one major strand of her research, Goldin‐Meadow has studied gestures in children who are not exposed to any structured language input, specifically, deaf children of hearing parents who do not expose their children to sign language. These children create a highly structured, language‐like system with their hands—a homesign. In another major strand, Goldin‐Meadow has focused on the gestures that people produce along with speech. She has examined how gestures contribute to producing and comprehending language at the moment of speaking or signing, how gestures contribute to learning language and to learning other concepts and skills, and how gestures may actually constitute and change people's thinking. This topic collection is made up of papers that represent and extend these strands of Goldin‐Meadow's work. This introductory article provides a brief biography of Goldin‐Meadow, and it highlights ways in which the contributions to the topic collection exemplify several notable characteristics of Goldin‐Meadow's body of work, including (1) a focus on multiple timescales of behavior and behavior change; (2) use of diverse methods, approaches, and populations; and (3) considerations of equity and inclusion, both in research and in educational and clinical practice.
DREPP protein StPCaP1 facilitates the cell‐to‐cell movement of Potato virus Y and Potato virus S by inhibiting callose deposition at plasmodesmata
Authors: Chen Ruhao , Tu Zhen , Yu Tao , Wu Zhaorong , Islam Saiful , Hu Xinxi , He Changzheng , Song Botao , Kong Qiusheng , Nie Bihua 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYPlant viruses, constrained by their limited genomic coding capacity, rely significantly on host factors for successful infection. Disruption of these essential host factors can confer resistance to viruses, with such factors categorized as susceptibility genes or recessive resistance genes. Recent research has identified developmentally regulated plasma membrane polypeptide (DREPP) proteins as susceptibility factors integral to the cell‐to‐cell movement of potyviruses. In the present study, we demonstrated that the silencing of StPCaP1, a DREPP gene in potato, confers novel resistance to both Potato virus Y (PVY, Potyvirus) and Potato virus S (PVS, Carlavirus). Interaction and subcellular localization analyses revealed that the movement proteins (MPs) of PVY (P3NPIPO) and PVS (TGB1) interact with StPCaP1, recruiting it to plasmodesmata (PD). Furthermore, transcriptome analysis and experimental validation indicated that compared to wild‐type (WT) controls, StPCaP1‐silenced lines exhibit significantly increased glucose content and elevated expression levels of several UDP‐glucosyltransferases (UGTs), which are potential components of the callose synthesis complex. These findings suggest that StPCaP1 participates in callose deposition, as evidenced by the increased callose deposition at PD and reduced PD permeability observed in StPCaP1‐silenced lines. Additionally, we found that StPCaP1 expression in Nicotiana benthamiana led to reduced callose deposition at PD and promoted PVY‐GFP cell‐to‐cell movement in NbPCaP1‐silenced plants in a concentration‐dependent manner, which suggests the changes in callose deposition at PD induced by StPCaP1 relates to viral cell‐to‐cell movement. This study provides a deeper understanding of DREPP‐mediated viral movement and highlights potential targets for developing virus‐resistant crops.
Arabidopsis thaliana Zn transporter genes ZIP3 and ZIP5 provide the main Zn uptake route and act redundantly to face Zn deficiency
Authors: Ochoa Tufiño Valeria , Almira Casellas Maria , van Duynhoven Aron , Flis Paulina , Salt David E. , Schat Henk , Aarts Mark G. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYIn response to Zn deficiency, plants are thought to adjust Zn homeostasis through the coordinated expression of Zn transporters. Zn transporters are identified in the ZIP, HMA and CDF families of cation transporters, although only few are characterized. We determined gene expression over time, root‐specific location of expression and phenotypes of single and double loss‐of‐function mutants of several Arabidopsis thaliana transporters, known to be induced by Zn deficiency. Transcription of Zn transporter genes is induced in the first 6 h of exposure to Zn deficiency. ZIP1 is predominantly expressed in the endodermis and stele, ZIP3 and ZIP5 in the epidermis and cortex, IRT3 from epidermis to stele and HMA2 in xylem parenchyma. ZIP3 and ZIP5 act redundantly, with the double‐mutant zip3zip5 showing high sensitivity to Zn deficiency with low biomass production, expression of other transporter genes, low Zn uptake and increased metal translocation. The root expression map and timing indicate that Zn transporters act complementary in a concerted action to control Zn homeostasis. The lack of strong Zn‐deficient phenotypes in single mutants suggests a high level of functional redundancy, best illustrated for ZIP3 and ZIP5.