bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, clinical and virological characteristics and short‐term prognosis of hepatitis delta infection among patients with HIV/HBV in Nouakchott, Mauritania
Authors: Le Guillou‐Guillemette Hélène , Pivert Adeline , ElBara Ahmed , Vall Mazouz , Sang Cindy Ng Wing , Veillon Pascal , Ducancelle Alexandra , Bollahi Mohamed Abdallahi , Mohamed Mohamed Sidi , Lunel‐Fabiani Françoise 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPatients living with HIV infection (PLWH) are at risk of acquiring HBV and HDV. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of HIV–HDV–HBV tri‐infection in comparison with HIV–HBV coinfection and to estimate severities and outcomes of associated liver diseases in Mauritanian PLWH. Two‐hundred‐ninety‐two consecutive HBsAg‐positive PLWH were included (mean age: 37 years). Clinical data were recorded. Anti‐HDV antibodies, HBV and HDV viral loads (VLs) and genotype were determined. APRI, FIB‐4 and FibroScan were performed to evaluate the severity of liver disease. The anti‐HDV antibodies prevalence was 37% and HDV RNA was positive in 40.7% of patients. Genetic diversities were found with HDV genotype 1 (93%) and HBV genotypes D (42.5%) and E (38%). The HBV VL was detectable in 108 patients at inclusion, and mutations associated with HBV resistance were found in 20. For almost all variables studied, including FIB‐4 and APRI scores, no significant differences were found between anti‐HDV‐Ab positive or negative patients. FibroScan examination, which was performed in 110 patients at end‐of‐follow‐up showed higher, but NS values, in HDV positive patients. After a mean follow‐up of 24.55 ± 8.01 months (n = 217 patients), a highly significant worsening of APRI and FIB‐4 scores was found. Moreover, patients with HDV showed more severe liver disease progression despite an efficient therapy. In a substantial Mauritanian cohort of relatively young PLWH, we found high HDV prevalence and worsening liver disease. In high‐risk countries, screening for HDV and providing appropriate follow‐up and treatments are warranted in PLWH.
Potato E3 ubiquitin ligase StRFP1 positively regulates late blight resistance by degrading sugar transporters StSWEET10c and StSWEET11
Authors: Wu Xintong , Lin Tianyu , Zhou Xiaoshuang , Zhang Wenjun , Liu Shengxuan , Qiu Huishan , Birch Paul R. J. , Tian Zhendong 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth largest food crop in the world. Late blight, caused by oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease threatening potato production. Previous research has shown that StRFP1, a potato Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura (ATL) family protein, positively regulates late blight resistance via its E3 ligase activity. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Here, we reveal that StRFP1 is associated with the plasma membrane (PM) and undergoes constitutive endocytic trafficking. Its PM localization is essential for inhibiting P. infestans colonization. Through in vivo and in vitro assays, we investigated that StRFP1 interacts with two sugar transporters StSWEET10c and StSWEET11 at the PM.

Overexpression (OE) of StSWEET10c or StSWEET11 enhances P. infestans colonization. Both StSWEET10c and StSWEET11 exhibit sucrose transport ability in yeast, and OE of StSWEET10c leads to an increased sucrose content in the apoplastic fluid of potato leaves. StRFP1 ubiquitinates StSWEET10c and StSWEET11 to promote their degradation.

We illustrate a novel mechanism by which a potato ATL protein enhances disease resistance by degrading susceptibility (S) factors, such as Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs). This offers a potential strategy for improving disease resistance by utilizing host positive immune regulators to neutralize S factors.
Pharmacometabolomics applied to low‐dose interleukin‐2 treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Alarcan Hugo , Bruno Clément , Emond Patrick , Raoul Cédric , Vourc'h Patrick , Corcia Philippe , Camu William , Veyrune Jean‐Luc , Garlanda Cecilia , Locati Massimo , Juntas‐Morales Raúl , Saker Safaa , Suehs Carey , Masseguin Christophe , Kirby Janine , Shaw Pamela , Malaspina Andrea , De Vos John , Al‐Chalabi Ammar , Leigh P. Nigel , Tree Timothy , Bensimon Gilbert , Blasco Hélène 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron disease. The immunosuppressive functions of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) are impaired in ALS, and correlate to disease progression. The phase 2a IMODALS trial reported an increase in Treg number in ALS patients following the administration of low‐dose (ld) interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). We propose a pharmacometabolomics approach to decipher metabolic modifications occurring in patients treated with ld‐IL‐2 and its relationship with Treg response. Blood metabolomic profiles were determined on days D1, D64, and D85 from patients receiving 2 MIU of IL‐2 (n = 12) and patients receiving a placebo (n = 12). We discriminated the three time points for the treatment group (average error rate of 42%). Among the important metabolites, kynurenine increased between D1 and D64, followed by a reduction at D85. The percentage increase of Treg number from D1 to D64, as predicted by the metabolome at D1, was highly correlated with the observed value. This study provided a proof of concept for metabolic characterization of the effect of ld‐IL‐2 in ALS. These data could present advances toward a personalized medicine approach and present pharmacometabolomics as a key tool to complement genomic and transcriptional data for drug characterization, leading to systems pharmacology.
A systematic review on the applicability of cell‐free DNA level as an obesity biomarker
Authors: Tung Keith T. S. , Tsang Hing Wai , Ngo Ulrike , Wong Rosa S. , Chow Clare H. Y. , Tso Winnie H. Y. , Yam Jason C. S. , Chan Godfrey C. F. , Ip Patrick 
Published: May 2024

SummaryObesity has become a global health concern in recent decades. Utilizing biomarkers presents a promising approach to comprehensively monitor the progress of obesity and its associated health conditions. This review aims to synthesize the available evidence on the correlation between cfDNA level and obesity and to provide insights into the applicability of using cfDNA level as a tool for monitoring progression of obesity. Searches were performed in PubMed and Embase on April 1, 2022. Data and other relevant information were extracted and compiled into a structured table for further analysis. Among 1170 articles screened, 11 articles were included in this review and assessed qualitatively. The results demonstrated that existing evidence mainly focused on three populations, including healthy individuals, cancer patients and pregnant women. Majority of the studies on healthy individuals identified a significant association between cfDNA level and body weight status but not among cancer patients. Varying results were observed among pregnant women at different gestational trimesters. Our review summarized some preliminary evidence on the association between cfDNA level and obesity. More cohort studies in larger scale with comprehensive assessment have to be conducted to examine the applicability of cfDNA as a biomarker for severity and disease progression of obesity.
Effects of a dementia educational programme using virtual reality on nurses in an acute care hospital: A pre‐post comparative study
Authors: Wu Jinyan , Igarashi Ayumi , Suzuki Haruno , Matsumoto Hiroshige , Kugai Haruna , Takaoka Manami , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoor awareness of dementia care by healthcare professionals affects the quality of care for people living with dementia in acute care settings.ObjectivesThis study examined the effectiveness of a virtual reality‐based educational programme for dementia for nurses working in acute care hospitals in Japan.MethodsA dementia education programme for nurses was designed. The programme comprised short movies, virtual reality videos based on the short movies, a lecture, discussions and role‐playing based on the experimental learning model. Virtual reality video content was created to promote empathy for people living with dementia through a first‐person experience of dementia. The educational programme involved nurses working in an acute care hospital in the Tokyo Metropolitan area. Before and after the programme, we employed structured questionnaires using validated instruments to assess participants' attitudes towards people living with dementia, their intentions of helping behaviour and their confidence in providing dementia care.ResultsSeventy‐six nurses participated in and completed the pre‐ and post‐tests. The mean age was 34.9 ± 9.2 years, and 90.8% of the participants were female. A paired t‐test showed significant before‐after improvement in the participants’ attitudes towards people living with dementia (41.9 ± 5.1 vs. 44.5 ± 4.8), intentions of helping behaviour towards people living with dementia (10.8 ± 2.5 vs. 12.8 ± 2.1) and confidence in providing dementia care (25.9 ± 6.7 vs. 29.2 ± 6.0).ConclusionThe programme effectively improved nurses’ attitudes towards people living with dementia and confidence in providing dementia care in acute care settings. Future research is important to explore the long‐term effects of this programme and its effects on actual dementia care.Implications for practiceThe dementia education programme may promote person‐centred care in acute hospitals. Future studies should consider the provision of more flexible programs so that nurses can more easily participate in them.
A photoaging smartphone application to promote sun safety behaviors among youth in late childhood and adolescence
Authors: Abraham Jaclyn , Natarelli Nicole , Boby Aleena , Wei Grace , Hennessy Kerry , Moore Sarah , Bindernagel Constance , Dabrow Sharon , Soylu Lana , Brinker Titus J. , Seminario‐Vidal Lucia , Albers Sharon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet (UV)‐exposure behaviors can directly impact an individual's skin cancer risk, with many habits formed during childhood and adolescence. We explored the utility of a photoaging smartphone application to motivate youth to improve sun safety practices.MethodsParticipants completed a preintervention survey to gather baseline sun safety perceptions and behaviors. Participants then used a photoaging mobile application to view the projected effects of chronic UV exposure on participants' self‐face image over time, followed by a postintervention survey to assess motivation to engage in future sun safety practices.ResultsThe study sample included 87 participants (median [interquartile (IQR)] age, 14 [11–16] years). Most participants were White (50.6%) and reported skin type that burns a little and tans easily (42.5%). Preintervention sun exposure behaviors among participants revealed that 33 (37.9%) mostly or always used sunscreen on a sunny day, 48 (55.2%) experienced at least one sunburn over the past year, 26 (30.6%) engaged in outdoor sunbathing at least once during the past year, and zero (0%) used indoor tanning beds. Non‐skin of color (18 [41.9%], p = .02) and older (24 [41.4%], p = .007) participants more often agreed they felt better with a tan. Most participants agreed the intervention increased their motivation to practice sun‐protective behaviors (wear sunscreen, 74 [85.1%]; wear hats, 64 [74.4%]; avoid indoor tanning, 73 [83.9%]; avoid outdoor tanning, 68 [79%]).ConclusionThe findings of this cross‐sectional study suggest that a photoaging smartphone application may serve as a useful tool to promote sun safety behaviors from a young age.
Transcriptional networks revealed late embryogenesis abundant genes regulating drought mitigation in aromatic Keteki Joha rice
Authors: Regon Preetom , Saha Bedabrata , Jyoti Sabnoor Yeasrin , Gupta Divya , Kundu Bikash , Tanti Bhaben , Panda Sanjib Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change has become increasingly intertwined with the occurrence and severity of droughts. As global temperatures rise due to greenhouse gas emissions, weather patterns are altered, leading to shifts in precipitation levels and distribution. These exacerbate the risk of drought in many regions, with potentially devastating consequences. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis was performed on Keteki Joha, an aromatic rice from North East India, with the aim of elucidating molecular responses to drought. Numerous genes linked to drought were activated, with both ABA‐dependent and ABA‐independent pathways playing crucial roles. Upregulated genes were enriched with gene ontology terms with response to abscisic acid and abscisic acid‐activated signalling pathway, suggesting the existence of an ABA‐dependent pathway for drought mitigation. The upregulated genes were also enriched with responses to stress, water, heat, jasmonic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, indicating the presence of an ABA‐independent pathway alongside the ABA‐dependent mechanism. Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified 267 genes that specifically govern drought mitigation in Keteki Joha. The late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene family emerges as the most overrepresented in both RNA sequencing data and WGCNA analysis, suggesting their dominant role in mitigating drought. Notably, 31 LEA genes were induced in seedlings and 32 in mature stages under drought stress. The LEA3‐1, LEA14/WSI18, RAB16A, RAB16B, DHN1, DHN6, LEA1, LEA3, LEA17, and LEA33 exhibited and established co‐expression with numerous other drought stress‐related genes, indicating their inseparable role in alleviating drought. Consequently, LEA genes have been proposed to be primary and crucial responders to drought in Keteki Joha.
An ATP‐binding cassette transporter, OsABCB24, is involved in female gametophyte development and early seed growth in rice
Authors: Nguyen Van Ngoc Tuyet , Usman Babar , Kim Eui‐Jung , Shim Su‐Hyeon , Jeon Jong‐Seong , Jung Ki‐Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFemale gametogenesis has been rarely studied due to gametophyte lethality and the unavailability of related genetic resources. In this study, we identified a rice ATP‐binding cassette transporter, OsABCB24, whose null function displayed a significantly reduced seed setting rate by as much as 94%–100% compared with that of the wild type (WT). The reciprocal cross of WT and mutant plants demonstrated that the female reproductive organs in mutants were functionally impaired. Confocal microscopy observations revealed that, although megasporogenesis remained unaffected in CRISPR/Cas9 osabcb24 mutants, the formation of female gametophytes was interrupted. Additionally, the structure of the syncytial nucleus was impaired during the initial stages of endosperm formation. Histochemical analysis showed that OsABCB24 was preferentially expressed at the conjunction of receptacle and ovary, spanning from the functional megaspore stage to the two‐nucleate embryo sac stage. Further, OsABCB24 was identified as an endoplasmic reticulum membrane‐localized protein. Notably, the overexpression of OsABCB24 triggered a 1.5‐ to 2‐fold increase in grain production compared to the WT. Our findings showed that OsABCB24 plays a key role in both female gametophyte development and the early development of seeds.
Challenges faced by older people with dementia during the COVID‐19 pandemic as perceived by professionals: a qualitative study with interviews
Authors: Kojima Kaori , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Yamanaka Takashi , Hirahara Satoshi , Okochi Jiro , Kuzuya Masafumi , Miura Hisayuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have highlighted a decline in the mental health of older adults over the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Few studies have determined the possible causes of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia during COVID‐19 in a comprehensive manner. We aimed to identify the challenges faced by older adults with dementia during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis study adopted a qualitative approach to understanding the perceptions of healthcare professionals, such as regarding the negative effects of COVID‐19 on the mental health of people with dementia. Between January and March 2022, the authors conducted individual in‐depth interviews on how COVID‐19 affected the stress levels, care, and self‐determination of people with dementia. Qualitative data from the individual interviews were data cleansed to ensure the clarity and readability of the transcripts. The qualitative data were then analyzed by inductive manual coding using a qualitative content analysis approach. The grouping process involved reading and comparing individual labels to cluster similar labels into categories and inductively formulate themes.ResultsQualitative analysis extracted 61 different semantic units that were duplicated. Seven categories were inductively extracted using a grouping process. These were further integrated to extract the following four themes: fear of personal protective equipment (PPE), loneliness, dissatisfaction with behavioural restrictions and limitations of video calls, and family interference with service use.DiscussionPeople with dementia often faced mental distress during the pandemic owing to preventive measures against COVID‐19, and a lack of awareness and understanding of such preventive measures worsened their distress. They experienced a severe sense of social isolation and loneliness. Findings also indicated that families tended to ignore the needs of people with dementia and their decisions and opinions regarding healthcare service use.
Women's engagement with the far right: A quest for a more holistic understanding
Authors: Williams Katherine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe idea that women do not support the far right endures despite the contemporary resurgence and global electoral successes of the far right in its many guises. The aim of this article is to critically interrogate four dominant assumptions surrounding women's alleged lack of support for the far right and unpack whether they ‘tell’ researchers anything new about this support or merely consolidate existing blind spots in the scholarly literature on the topic. The article makes the case that for researchers to understand women's far‐right support, they must take a more holistic approach to the topic of gender and political behaviour, and pay closer attention not only to the socio‐cultural, historical, and political factors which underpin far‐right support in this context, but the different ways in which some women ‘do’ politics in order to make their voices heard.
Role of AKR1B10 in inflammatory diseases
Authors: Guo Min , Wang Tao , Ge Wenjun , Ren Chenran , Ko Ben Chi‐Bun , Zeng Xi , Cao Deliang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInflammation is an important pathophysiological process in many diseases; it has beneficial and harmful effects. When exposed to various stimuli, the body triggers an inflammatory response to eliminate invaded pathogens and damaged tissues to maintain homeostasis. However, uncontrollable persistent or excessive inflammatory responses may damage tissues and induce various diseases, such as metabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes), autoimmune diseases, nervous system‐related diseases, digestive system‐related diseases, and even tumours. Aldo‐keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is an important player in the development and progression of multiple diseases, such as tumours and inflammatory diseases. AKR1B10 is upregulated in solid tumours, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), non‐small cell lung carcinoma, and breast cancer, and is a reliable serum marker. However, information on the role of AKR1B10 in inflammation is limited. In this study, we summarized the role of AKR1B10 in inflammatory diseases, including its expression, functional contribution to inflammatory responses, and regulation of signalling pathways related to inflammation. We also discussed the role of AKR1B10 in glucose and lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. This study provides novel information and increases the understanding of clinical inflammatory diseases.
Effect of the State-of-the-Art Condenser Configuration on the Performance of Axially Rotating Wickless Heat Pipes
Authors: Soliman Mohab , Shedid Mohamed , El-Hameed Hala Abd , Abou-Ziyan Hosny 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of a newly shaped condenser on the thermal performance and operational parameters of a horizontally rotating wickless heat pipe. The new condenser shape has been developed based on assessing the effect of conical external ends and inner tapered wall condensers. The newly developed condenser configuration implies an external conical end of 60 deg and an inner tapered walls condenser of 3 deg. The heat pipe was subjected to a consistent rotational speed of 1500 rpm while being exposed to different heat loads, ranging from 25 to 200 W. Various filling ratios of water, from 5% to 55% of the total inner volume of the heat pipe, have been tested at rotation speeds of 750, 1000, and 1500 rpm. The results indicated that the heat pipe with the advanced condenser has a superior performance over the ones with the plain condenser by 46.75%, the conical end condenser by about 31.15%, and the tapered condenser by about 7.54%, on average over the tested heat loads from 25 to 200 W. The filling ratio of 25% achieved better performance than the other tested filling ratios as the effective thermal resistance of the heat pipe decreased by 3.1–10.1%, 2.8–19.5%, and 8.9–24.8% for rotational speeds 750, 1000, and 1500 rpm, respectively.
Critical Velocities of Single-Layer and Two-Layer Composite Tubes of Transversely Isotropic Materials Based on a Potential Function Method in Three-Dimensional Elasticity
Authors: Gao X.-L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCritical velocities of a single-layer tube of a transversely isotropic material and a two-layer composite tube consisting of two perfectly bonded cylindrical layers of dissimilar transversely isotropic materials are analytically determined using the potential function method of Elliott in three-dimensional (3D) elasticity. The displacement and stress components in each transversely isotropic layer of the tube subjected to a uniform internal pressure moving at a constant velocity are derived in integral forms by applying the Fourier transform method. The solution includes those for a tube composed of two dissimilar cubic or isotropic materials as special cases. In addition, it is shown that the model for the two-layer composite tube can be reduced to that for the single-layer tube. Closed-form expressions for four critical velocities are derived for the single-layer tube. The lowest critical velocity is obtained from plotting the velocity curve and finding the inflection point for both the single-layer and two-layer composite tubes. To illustrate the newly developed models, two cases are studied as examples—one for a single-layer isotropic steel tube and the other for a two-layer composite tube consisting of an isotropic steel inner layer and a transversely isotropic glass-epoxy outer layer. The numerical values of the lowest critical velocity predicted by the new 3D elasticity-based models are obtained and compared with those given by existing models based on thin- and thick-shell theories.