bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust and provably second‐order explicit–explicit and implicit–explicit staggered time‐integrators for highly non‐linear compressible fluid–structure interaction problems
Authors: Farhat C. , Rallu A. , Wang K. , Belytschko T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn explicit–explicit staggered time‐integration algorithm and an implicit–explicit counterpart are presented for the solution of non‐linear transient fluid–structure interaction problems in the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) setting. In the explicit–explicit case where the usually desirable simultaneous updating of the fluid and structural states is both natural and trivial, staggering is shown to improve numerical stability. Using rigorous ALE extensions of the two‐stage explicit Runge–Kutta and three‐point backward difference methods for the fluid, and in both cases the explicit central difference scheme for the structure, second‐order time‐accuracy is achieved for the coupled explicit–explicit and implicit–explicit fluid–structure time‐integration methods, respectively, via suitable predictors and careful stagings of the computational steps. The robustness of both methods and their proven second‐order time‐accuracy are verified for sample application problems. Their potential for the solution of highly non‐linear fluid–structure interaction problems is demonstrated and validated with the simulation of the dynamic collapse of a cylindrical shell submerged in water. The obtained numerical results demonstrate that, even for fluid–structure applications with strong added mass effects, a carefully designed staggered and subiteration‐free time‐integrator can achieve numerical stability and robustness with respect to the slenderness of the structure, as long as the fluid is justifiably modeled as a compressible medium. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐treatment regret among young breast cancer survivors
Authors: Fernandes‐Taylor Sara , Bloom Joan R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective: The study addresses: (1) what women regret about their breast cancer treatment 5 years later, and (2) what characteristics of disease and treatment predict post‐treatment regret.Method: Interviews were conducted with breast cancer survivors in the San Francisco Bay Area. Participants were interviewed following diagnosis. Five years later, women were asked whether they had any regrets about their cancer treatment (N=449). Qualitative analysis was used to identify regret content, and logistic regression was used to determine what characteristics of treatment predicted regret.Results: Forty two point five percent women in the sample regretted some aspect of the treatment. The most common regrets were primary surgery (24.1%), chemotherapy and/or radiation (21.5%), reconstruction (17.8%), and problems with providers (13.1%). In addition, women regretted inactions (59.2%) (actions that they did not take) more than actions that they did take (30.4%). This represents a novel finding in the study of post‐treatment regret, which has largely focused on regrets over actions. Quantitative analysis revealed that women who were anxious about the future (OR=1.32; p=0.03) or had problems communicating with physicians (OR=1.26; p=0.02) during treatment were more likely to express regret 5 years later. In addition, women with new or recurrent cancers 5 years later were significantly more likely to regret some aspect of their primary treatment (OR=5.81; p<0.001).Conclusion: This research supports addressing the psychosocial aspects of cancer care and improving physician‐patient communication. Evidence is also provided for addressing the unique emotional needs of women with recurrent cancers, who may experience an undue burden of regret. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angle‐resolved XPS depth profiling of modeled structures: testing and improvement of the method
Authors: Polčák Josef , Čechal Jan , Bábor Petr , Urbánek Michal , Průša Stanislav , Šikola Tomáš 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAngle‐resolved XPS depth profiling is a useful method in surface and ultrathin film research. However, it is useful to test various modeled structures in order to get information on its ability to recognize individual sublayers and to find its resolution limits. In this paper, a model consisting of ultrathin films with sharp interfaces has been proposed and the relative intensities of XPS lines as a function of the detection angle calculated. In addition, this method has been improved by the incorporation of an attenuation of the photoelectron signal already in the layer of its origin. Using the signal obtained from the simulation of electron spectra for surface‐analysis‐based simulations as an experimental one, genetic algorithms have been used for reproducing the profiles, especially for finding its first estimates. In this way, it was possible to find the pros and cons of the angle‐resolved XPS method in the depth profiling of Co, C and SiO2 ultrathin layers on Si substrates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting treatment effects using biomarker data in a meta‐analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Li Y. , Taylor J. M. G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA biomarker (S) measured after randomization in a clinical trial can often provide information about the true endpoint (T) and hence the effect of treatment (Z). It can usually be measured earlier and more easily than T and as such may be useful to shorten the trial length. A potential use of S is to completely replace T as a surrogate endpoint to evaluate whether the treatment is effective. Another potential use of S is to serve as an auxiliary variable to help provide information and improve the inference on the treatment effect prediction when T is not completely observed. The objective of this report is to focus on its role as an auxiliary variable and to identify situations when S can be useful to increase efficiency in predicting the treatment effect in a new trial in a multiple‐trial setting. Both S and T are continuous. We find that higher efficiency gain is associated with higher trial‐level correlation but not individual‐level correlation when only S, but not T is measured in a new trial; but, the amount of information recovery from S is usually negligible. However, when T is partially observed in the new trial and the individual‐level correlation is relatively high, there is substantial efficiency gain by using S. For design purposes, our results suggest that it is often important to collect markers that have high adjusted individual‐level correlation with T and at least a small amount of data on T. The results are illustrated using simulations and an example from a glaucoma clinical trial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smart buildings: viscous dampers for a tall twisting tower
Authors: Hart Gary C. , Jain Anurag , Ekwueme Chukwuma G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the evolution of the structural design of one of the tallest structures in the world. The architectural design was developed by Mehrdad Yazdani at Cannon Design Group. The structural design approach is to view the building as a living building. The approach selected uses viscous dampers as an important structural member to be added to the building. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High performance/smart and living buildings: the benefits of using viscous dampers on a high‐rise building (Part I)
Authors: Hart Gary C. , Ekwueme Chukwuma G. , Brandow Gregg , Barnes Michael S. , Ozegbe Kingsley 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper describes Part I of a two‐part study that demonstrates how using viscous dampers—Taylor Dampers in this case—significantly improves the performance of tall buildings. Part II will appear in the December issue of this Journal. The limit state of primary focus is the first structural damage limit state. Drifts are improved with the use of Taylor Dampers and also very significantly there is a large reduction in floor accelerations and damage to personal occupant contents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viability of intrauterine pregnancy in women with pregnancy of unknown location: prediction using human chorionic gonadotropin ratio vs. progesterone
Authors: Bignardi T. , Condous G. , Kirk E. , Van Calster B. , Van Huffel S. , Timmerman D. , Bourne T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo find the best predictor of the viability of intrauterine pregnancies of uncertain viability (IPUVs). An IPUV is defined as an empty intrauterine gestational sac measuring less than 20 mm in diameter or an intrauterine gestational sac containing a fetal pole with a crown–rump length (CRL) of less than 6 mm with no fetal cardiac activity.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study comparing the following two markers for the prediction of viability in IPUVs: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) ratio (hCG 48 h : hCG 0 h); and serum progesterone at first presentation. All women classified with a pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) were followed up until final diagnosis: failing PUL, viable or non‐viable intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), or ectopic pregnancy. Those PULs found to have an IPUV at follow‐up transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVS) were included in the final analysis. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to compare the performance of the hCG ratio and progesterone. Using logistic regression, the added value of combining both variables over single‐variable prediction was also evaluated. Missing values were imputed using multiple imputation.ResultsIn total, 12 572 consecutive first‐trimester women were scanned. Of these, 1003 (8%) women were classified as having PULs at first scan; 379 (37.8%) PULs were confirmed as IPUVs at follow‐up scan, with 82.6% (276/334) found to be viable IUPs and 17.4% (58/334) non‐viable IUPs on a second follow‐up scan. Forty‐five PULs were lost to follow‐up. For prediction of viability in IPUVs, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the hCG ratio was 0.756 (95% CI, 0.686–0.826) whilst that for progesterone was 0.678 (95% CI, 0.603–0.753). The difference in AUC was 0.078 (95% CI, 0.014–0.169, P = 0.098), suggesting that the hCG ratio was at least as good as initial progesterone. Furthermore, there was no clear threshold for initial progesterone, whilst for hCG a ratio of 2 was suggested (sensitivity 78%, specificity 67%). Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that progesterone did not improve the discriminatory power of the hCG ratio (AUC = 0.758).ConclusionsThe hCG ratio may be preferred to single measurements of progesterone to predict the viability of IPUVs in the PUL population. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cannabis et fertilité masculine
Authors: Alj Y. , Demonlis M. , Pavili L. , Dellis X. , Joguet G. , Bangou J. 
Published: April 2010

RésuméLe cannabis est la drogue récréative la plus utilisée dans le monde. Une des inquiétudes majeures de l’exposition au cannabis concerne son effet négatif sur la fonction reproductive. La découverte du système endocannabinnoïde, composé de multiples ligands endogènes lipidiques, leurs récepteurs et leurs enzymes métaboliques, a permis de mettre en évidence l’importance de la signalisation de ce système dans de multiples événements de la reproduction. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de passer en revue la littérature sur l’impact du cannabis dans la fonction reproductive masculine. Nous aborderons les études réalisées chez l’homme et chez l’animal, et enfin nous discuterons les limites et perspectives des études envisageables pour évaluer les effets du cannabis sur la fertilité masculine.
Multi-bump standing waves with critical frequency for nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Byeon Jaeyoung , Oshita Yoshihito 
Published: April 2010

We glue together standing wave solutions concentrating around critical points of the potential

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with different energy scales. We devise a hybrid method using simultaneously a Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method and a variational method to glue together standing waves concentrating on local minimum points which possibly have no corresponding limiting equations and those concentrating on general critical points which converge to solutions of corresponding limiting problems satisfying a non-degeneracy condition.

Résumé

Nous recollons des ondes stationnaires d'ordres différents en énergie, se concentrant autour de points critiques d'un potentiel

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. Nous introduisons une méthode hybride, utilisant à la fois une méthode de réduction de Lyapunov–Schmidt, et une méthode variationnelle pour recoller des ondes stationnaires, se concentrant en des minima locaux, éventuellement sans équation-limite correspondante, et d'autres se concentrant en des points critiques quelconques, convergeant vers des solutions de problèmes-limites correspondants, satisfaisant une condition de non-dégénérescence.
Small quantities of carotenoid-rich tropical green leafy vegetables indigenous to Africa maintain vitamin A status in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Ejoh Richard A. , Dever Joseph T. , Mills Jordan P. , Tanumihardjo Sherry A. 
Published: April 2010

Leafy vegetables are important sources of provitamin A carotenoids. Information on their ability to provide vitamin A is often misleading because of the methodology used to assess bioefficacy. Mongolian gerbils were used to evaluate the bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in tropical leafy vegetables (i.e. Solanum nigrum, Moringa oleifera, Vernonia calvoana and Hibiscus cannabinus) that are indigenous to Africa. Gerbils (n 67) were vitamin A-depleted for 5 weeks. After a baseline kill (n 7), the gerbils were weight-matched and assigned to six treatment groups (n 10; four vegetable groups; negative and positive controls). For 4 weeks, the treatments included 35 nmol vitamin A (theoretical concentrations based on 100 % bioefficacy) in the form of vegetables or retinyl acetate. In addition to their diets, the control and vegetable groups received daily doses of oil, while the vitamin A group received retinyl acetate in oil matched to prior day intake. Serum and livers were analysed for vitamin A using HPLC. Serum retinol concentrations did not differ among groups, but total liver vitamin A of the vitamin A and vegetable groups were higher than that of the negative control group (P < 0·0001). Liver β-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase-1 expression levels were determined for two vegetable groups and were similar to the positive and negative controls. Conversion factors for the different leafy vegetables were between 1·9 and 2·3 μg β-carotene equivalents to 1 μg retinol. Small quantities of these vegetables maintained vitamin A status in gerbils through efficient bioconversion of β-carotene to retinol.
Deliberative global governance and the question of legitimacy: what can we learn from the WTO?
Authors: HIGGOTT RICHARD , ERMAN EVA 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe integration of the global economy through the liberalisation of the trade regime, the deregulation of financial markets and the privatisation of state assets has led to what we now commonly call ‘globalisation’. These processes, however, have not been accompanied by a comparable development of the global polity. At the same time, it is increasingly recognised in policy circles that without the development of norms, institutions and processes to manage globalisation many of the advantages it has brought the world could be undone by a failure to mitigate the excesses and negative consequences that emanate from it, especially for large sections of the world's poor. This article addresses two broad questions: what might we understand by global governance in an era of increasingly contested globalisation and what role might international organisations play in making it more (democratically) legitimate? It addresses these questions in three steps. First, it proposes a heuristic definition that identifies two key strands of ‘governance’ in the contemporary debate. It is argued that global governance understood as effective and efficient collective decision-making and problem solving is insufficient for normative reasons and must, in addition, be complemented by global governance understood as the democratic legitimation of policy-making. In a second step, as an example of this latter type of governance, the article develops a deliberative two-track view of transnational legitimacy. It argues that deliberative democracy offers some fruitful theoretical tools in this context since it is equipped to address some of the qualitative problems of international decision-making as well as accommodate a plausible notion of political agency. Thirdly, from the point of view of this two-track view, the article examines the WTO and discusses its strengths and vulnerabilities, not only as a vehicle for trade liberalisation but also as an instrument of better global governance.
ON PROBABILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN EVENTS OF A POISSON PROCESS IN A FINITE INTERVAL
Authors: Covo Shai 
Published: April 2010

We revisit the probability that any two consecutive events in a Poisson process N on [0, t] are separated by a time interval that is greater than s (<t) (a particular scan statistic probability) and the closely related probability (recently introduced by Todinov [8], who denotes it as pMFFOP) that before any event of N in [0, t], there exists an event-free interval greater than s. Both probabilities admit simple explicit expressions, which, however, become intractable for very large values of t/s. Our main objective is to demonstrate that these probabilities can be approximated extremely well for large values of t/s by some very tractable and attractive expressions (actually, already for t larger than a few multiples of s).
Epidemiology of squirrelpox virus in grey squirrels in the UK
Authors: BRUEMMER C. M. , RUSHTON S. P. , GURNELL J. , LURZ P. W. W. , NETTLETON P. , SAINSBURY A. W. , DUFF J. P. , GILRAY J. , McINNES C. J. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYThe dramatic decline of the native red squirrel in the UK has been attributed to both direct and disease-mediated competition with the grey squirrel where the competitor acts as a reservoir host of squirrelpox virus (SQPV). SQPV is threatening red squirrel conservation efforts, yet little is known about its epidemiology. We analysed seroprevalence of antibody against SQPV in grey squirrels from northern England and the Scottish Borders in relation to season, weather, sex, and body weight using Generalized Linear Models in conjunction with Structural Equation Modelling. Results indicated a heterogeneous prevalence pattern which is male-biased, increases with weight and varies seasonally. Seroprevalence rose during the autumn and peaked in spring. Weather parameters had an indirect effect on SQPV antibody status. Our findings point towards a direct disease transmission route, which includes environmental contamination. Red squirrel conservation management options should therefore seek to minimize squirrel contact points.
Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in long-term care facilities, 2003–2006
Authors: ROSENTHAL N. A. , LEE L. E. , VERMEULEN B. A. J. , HEDBERG K. , KEENE W. E. , WIDDOWSON M.-A. , CIESLAK P. R. , VINJÉ J. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYTo identify the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus (NoV) outbreaks and estimate the impact of NoV infections in an older population, we analysed epidemiological and laboratory data collected using standardized methods from long-term care facilities (LTCFs) during 2003–2006. Faecal specimens were tested for NoV by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. NoV strains were genotyped by sequencing. Of the 234 acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks reported, 163 (70%) were caused by NoV. The annual attack rate of outbreak-associated NoV infection in LTCF residents was 4%, with a case-hospitalization rate of 3·1% and a case-fatality rate of 0·5%. GII.4 strains accounted for 84% of NoV outbreaks. Median duration of illness was longer for GII.4 infections than non-GII.4 infections (33vs. 24 h,P<0·001). Emerging GII.4 strains (Hunter/2004, Minerva/2006b, Terneuzen/2006a) gradually replaced the previously dominant strain (Farmington Hills/2002) during 2004–2006. NoV GII.4 strains are now associated with the majority of AGE outbreaks in LTCFs and prolonged illness in Oregon.
Habitat features of settlement areas used by floaters of Bonelli’s and Golden Eagles
Authors: CARO JESÚS , ONTIVEROS DIEGO , PIZARRO MANUEL , PLEGUEZUELOS JUAN M. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryBonelli’s EagleHieraaetus fasciatusand Golden EagleAquila chrysaetosare two declining species, in which floaters tend to be located outside of breeding territories during the dispersal period, in so-called settlement areas. We studied settlement areas for both these long-lived raptors in the southern Iberian Peninsula, to gain a better understanding of the ecological requirements of the eagles during their long pre-adult stage, a period accounting for around 80% of the species’ mortality. Eagle abundance was calculated by road censuses, and habitat characteristics of settlement and non-settlement areas compared by General Discriminant Analysis (GDA) and Logistic Regression (LR). The best model of GDA and LR incorporated the abundance of main prey for eagles (rabbits, partridges) and orchard surface area, and explained 100% of eagle presence; the best model selected by GDA also included habitat heterogeneity. Both eagles tended to share settlement areas in the southern Iberian Peninsula and, when they did not, the mean annual temperature and slope appeared to explain the segregation between the two species. Management measures for the conservation of both threatened species during the dispersal period should be focused on identifying settlement areas, maintaining high prey densities and maximum habitat heterogeneity.
THE PROBLEM OF WORSHIP
Authors: Aikin Scott F. 
Published: April 2010

Theism is a cluster of views. The first of which is that God exists. Others are that God has all the relevant omni-attributes, that He created the world, and that He communicates with and performs miracles on behalf of humans. There is one additional view that is often overlooked. It is that humans are obligated to worship God. Importantly, this issue of worship is of central importance to traditional theism. And it extends into pagan thought that predates Christianity. Take, for example Epicurus' deployment of the argument from evil:
If god is willing to prevent evil, then he is not omnipotent. If he is able but unwilling, then he is malevolent. If he is able and willing, from whence comes evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him god?
Primordial nucleosynthesis: A cosmological probe
Authors: Steigman Gary 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDuring its early evolution the Universe provided a laboratory to probe fundamental physics at high energies. Relics from those early epochs, such as the light elements synthesized during primordial nucleosynthesis when the Universe was only a few minutes old, and the cosmic background photons, last scattered when the protons (and alphas) and electrons (re)combined some 400 thousand years later, may be used to probe the standard models of cosmology and of particle physics. The internal consistency of primordial nucleosynthesis is tested by comparing the predicted and observed abundances of the light elements, and the consistency of the standard models is explored by comparing the values of the cosmological parameters inferred from primordial nucleosynthesis with those determined by studying the cosmic background radiation.
The cosmic lithium problem and physics beyond the Standard Model
Authors: Jedamzik Karsten 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this proceeding I briefly discuss the possibility of relic decaying or annihilating particles to explain the cosmological 7Li anomaly and/or to be the source of significant amounts of pre-galactic 6Li. The effect of relic massive charged particles through catalysis of nuclear reactions is also discussed. The possibility of a connection of the 7Li problem to the cosmic dark matter and physics beyond the standard model of particle physics, such as supersymmetry, is noted.