bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geomagnetic Workshop
Authors: DeNoyer John , Cain Joseph C. , Banerjee Subir , Benton Edward R. , Blakely Richard J. , Coe Rob , Harrison C. G. A. , Johnston Malcolm , Regan Robert D. 
Published: October 2011

A workshop on geomagnetism, sponsored by the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, was held in the Denver West Office Complex in Golden, Colorado, April 13–15, 1982. There were 90 registered participants from government agencies, academic institutions, and industry.This effort stemmed from the realization that geomagnetism, once a small but coherent discipline, has now expanded into numerous areas of the geosciences, yet those doing research in these specialties seldom make contact outside their area of immediate interest. The impetus for this event came from the members of a committee formed to review the geomagnetic activities within the U.S. Geological Survey. They observed that the level of communication between the various elements of this now diverse discipline was inadequate, not only within their organization but also between federal agencies, academia, and the private sector. While the desire was to cover as much of geomagnetism as possible, it was necessary for a workshop of reasonable size and length to exclude some important areas of the subject: magnetic reversal chronology, studies of the externally produced variations, and most aspects of internal induction. The plan was to give emphasis to some of the newer areas: those which have recently seen a high level of activity and those with increasing activity abroad compared to that in the United States. The purpose was to evaluate the status and problems in selected areas with an eye to those whose emphasis might produce fruitful results in the next decade.
Is AGU in your will?
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Consider whether or not you may wish to make a bequest to AGU in order that it may meet more adequately its growing responsibilities and opportunities. A bequest may be as simple or as complex as a donor's situation may require. And, regardless of whether a bequest is a small percentage of one's estate, a fixed amount of money, specified securities or other property, or the proceeds of a life insurance policy, it is likely to have tax advantages and will not deny you the continued use of your resources during your lifetime.On matters of this kind, you should consult your attorney. You should also feel free to bring your questions to Fred Spilhaus at AGU headquarters.
International activities
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Relationships with the Canadian Geophysical Union and the European Geophysical Society have been given a great deal of attention by the Committee on International Participation. The copublication arrangement for Tectonics with the European Geophysical Society was one important outcome. This is the first AGU journal with editors not resident in North America.The Berkner Membership Program provides free 3‐year membership in AGU to scientists in countries where there is little or no access to AGU publications. The program is a living memorial to Lloyd Berkner, whose devotion to the encouragement of young scientists and stimulation of international activities will long be remembered. The program currently supports 63 members from the following countries.
Education and human resources
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In 1981, 13 students were designated as AGU scholars in recognition of AGU's $9677 contribution to the AGI Minority Scholarship Fund, and in 1982 there were 16 funded by an $8000 contribution. AGU plans to continue to support this fine program in 1983.The June Bacon‐Bercey Scholarships for Women in the Atmospheric Sciences were awarded to Becky Ross, studying atmospheric science at Purdue University, in 1981, and to Helen Hart, a student in planetary atmospheres at the University of Colorado, in 1982.
FLIP celebrates 20th anniversary
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

During the past 20 years, vessels have often diverted their courses to aid what appeared to be a sinking ship. What they found as they steamed closer, though, was—and still is—an exceptionally stable ocean‐going research vessel. Its ability to tip from the conventional horizontal position to a vertical one makes the ship both a stable research platform and a startling sight.The Floating Instrument Platform, better known as FLIP, is the result of a quest during the late 1950's for a ship that would enable oceanographers to perform accurate underwater acoustic experiments. The motion of conventional research ships rolling with the ocean's movements makes such work difficult. Allyn Vine of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution suggested a vessel that has the stability of a long, narrow, buoyant object that floats with the long dimension vertical, as does a spar buoy. Under the direction of Fred Spiess, with the support of the Office of Naval Research, the Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL) at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography adapted the spar buoy design idea to the floating platform. Frederick H. Fisher, then a research physicist at MPL and now a research oceanographer and associate director, was the project officer. He, with the assistance of Spiess, the now late Philip Rudnick, and Charles ‘Bud’ Mundy, was largely responsible for developing the shape, size, and capabilities of the vessel. After final design, engineering, and construction, FLIP was launched on June 22, 1962. A ceremony at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography marked its 20th anniversary.
NRC associateship awards
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Approximately 250 new full‐time associateships will be awarded in 1983 for research in the earth sciences, environmental sciences, physical sciences, space sciences, life sciences, chemistry, engineering, and mathematics in the 1983 Research Associateship Awards Programs sponsored by the National Research Council (NRC). The programs provide Ph.D. scientists and engineers of unusual promise and ability with opportunities for research on problems largely of their own choosing, yet compatible with the research interests of the supporting laboratory.Awards are made in most programs for a year with possible extensions through a second year. Senior applicants who have held the doctorate for at least 5 years may request shorter tenures. In a few programs, initial awards are made for 2 years with a possible third year of contractual support at an academic institution.
RNRF policy analysis
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Renewable Natural Resources Foundation (RNRF), a nonprofit consortium of 14 national and international professional associations—including AGU—has established a public policy analysis program. Robert D. Jay, Jr., a lawyer and professional forester, has been appointed executive director for the program's development and implementation.The policy analysis program will promote and support the formulation of public policy related to the management and conservation of renewable natural resources, according to RNRF executive director Don I. Wortman. The program's goal will be accomplished by activities and approaches that engage the expertise of the resource professions; foster cooperative, interdisciplinary studies and analyses of resource issues; and assure that such studies and analyses are sent to individuals and organizations in government and industry, and to other sectors that participate in public policy formation.
Meeting Report The COSPAR Symposium: Giant Planets and Their Satellites
Authors: Kivelson Margaret Galland 
Published: October 2011

The giant planets and their satellites, systems individually of interest to astronomers, geophysicists, and geologists, become even more fascinating when studied collectively. Data from spacecraft missions, in particular, observations by the two Voyager spacecraft, have augmented significantly the evidence on which studies in comparative planetology rely.Much can be learned from such studies, and examples of productive investigations abound. Tidal stress imposed on satellites locked into resonant orbits is now recognized as an important mechanism for internal heating of satellites. The relative importance of solar and internal heating and gravitational and centrifugal forces as influences on atmospheric circulation is being established by analysis of systems representing a substantial range of critical parameters. The surfaces of Galilean satellites can be read as records of early solar system evolution, and the imprinted evidence is being painstakingly deciphered. Some of these efforts help us to understand our own planet, its weather, and its surface, better. Others just tell us more about where we fit in a broader picture. All are interesting.
A new geophysical index
Authors: Roederer Juan G. 
Published: October 2011

The statistics on geographic distribution of AGU membership in the United States (Eos, 63, 667, August 31, 1982) led me to the introduction of a new geophysical index, which I suggest be called the JGR Index (not after my own initials). It is defined as the number of AGU members per 100,000 inhabitants and measures the degree of interest in, and loyalty to, AGU of the population of a given state.Using preliminary population data from the 1980 census, the following interesting order emerges:Comment to DOI:10.1029/EO063i035p00659‐01
Submarine hydrothermal fossils confirmed
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

Researchers from Princeton University (D. Crerrar et al, Econ. Geol., May 1982) have documented, in considerable detail, evidence for the formation of some of the 800 or more manganiferous chert deposits occurring in the central belt of the Fransiscan formation in northwestern California. They confirm the surprisingly old conclusion o f Tiaferro and Hudson (Cal. Div. Mines Bull., 125, 217–276, 1943) that the Fransiscan chert deposits probably represent the fossil remains of submarine hydrothermal vents.The deposits resemble recently discovered hydrothermal mounds near the Galapagos rift, the Gulf of Aden, and the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. As the Princeton investigators point out, there are important implications of the existence of deep hydrothermal circulation systems at oceanic spreading centers throughout geologic time. They note that the calculated annual flow of hydrothermal fluids in such processes is about 1017 g, which implies that the entire volume of the oceans could circulate completely every 10 million years. With such circulation, the hydrothermal processes along midocean ridges could control the composition of seawater and strongly influence the geochemical flux of elements in the marine environment.
Geologists explain Sun Dagger Myth
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

The ‘sun dagger,’ a midday solstice and equinox marker on Fajada Butte in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, evidently is not a construct of the Chacoan Anasazi, as originally thought. E.B. Newman and R.K. March of the United States Geological Survey and A.G. Vivian of the Arizona State Museum, Tucson, recently reported the results of their study of the sun dagger. They say that erosional processes, not Anasazi engineering, produced the solar marker (Science, Sept. 10, 1982).It was difficult to understand how the Indian culture had been able to design and construct such a huge, and yet sophisticated, instrument in the 10th or 11th centuries, when other buildings were made of stones 2 orders of magnitude lighter. The Anasazi had indeed used the other stations as observatories to record sunrise and sunset, but the sun dagger was the first to be discovered that recorded midday solar observations. The geological evidence suggests that the large sandstone slabs that collimate sunlight and produce the sun dagger image are the result of a natural rockfall and that marker petroglyphs were designed at a later time to observe details of the light pattern for several annual cycles.
Rain or snow?
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

It's easy to look out the window and decide whether it's raining, snowing, or hailing, right? Well, not always—especially when the region of interest isn't directly outside your window. To help discern the difference, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has developed a laser beam device that differentiates between the precipitation types.The laser weather identifier produces different signals when raindrops, snowflakes, or hailstones pass through the laser's beam, according to Ting‐i Wang—until recently a scientist at NOAA's Environmental Research Laboratories in Boulder, Colo. These signature signals can be read by computer and integrated into present weather networks. ‘It can eliminate human error or negligence, and can be cost effective by constantly observing and monitoring the weather,’ Wang noted. Wang and his colleagues are developing several of the laser instruments for evaluation by NOAA's National Weather Service. The first of these is scheduled to be installed in 1984.
Scanning Electron Microscopy and X‐Ray Microanalysis
Authors: Albee Arden L. 
Published: October 2011

This outstanding volume has managed the nearly impossible task of combining the expertise of all six authors in a lucid and homogeneous style of writing. Subtitled ‘A Text for Biologists, Material Scientists and Geologists,’ the book has evolved from a short course taught each summer at Lehigh University.The book provides a basic knowledge of (1) the electron optics for these instruments a nd their controls, (2) the characteristics of the electron beam‐sample interactions, (3) image formation and interpretation, (4) X ray spectrometry and quantitative X ray microanalysis with separate detailed sections on wavelength dispersive and energy dispersive techniques, and (5) specimen preparation, especially for biological materials.
Diffusion in mantle liquids: Ion dynamics
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

New calculations by ion dynamics computer simulation methods suggest that the component diffusion coefficients of many silicate liquids show anomalous pressure dependences. At high pressures of several hundred kilobars the viscosities of certain silicate melts decrease strongly and the ion diffusivities of their components increase sharply.Formerly, the question of diffusion coefficients in silicate liquids in the earth was answered easily: there was little or, essentially, no diffusion. Stirring, mixing, and density‐driven upwelling processes were thought to be effective in transporting ions in silicate liquids, but the excess of free energy provided by temperature or compositional gradients in magmatic‐liquids were considered to be insufficient to drive ionic diffusional processes within appropriate time scales. In laboratory experiments, for example, if two chemically miscible silicate liquids of differing composition are placed in contact along a plane surface, they remain essentially unchanged. After hundreds of hours of contact there is no more than microscale chemical diffusion observed
Albatross awarded
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Albatross Award was presented by the American Miscellaneous Society to Sir George Deacon at the Joint Oceanographic Assembly held in Halifax in August 1982. The presentation speech by Warren Wooster and acceptance speech by Sir George Deacon follow.I have been asked by the governing board of the American Miscellaneous Society to present the Albatross Award this evening. But I hasten to point out that the Board is certainly mythical, and there is even some doubt about the existence of the Society. We know that the American Miscellaneous Society, AMSOC, has had several important committees—the committee to greet visitors from outer space and the committee to teach animals their Latin names, for example—but we know little of their success. On the other hand, the triumphs of AMSOC's Project MOHOLE are al ready inscribed in history.
Mauna Loa lauded
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The American Meteorological Society (AMS) recently designated the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii as the recipient of the AMS Special Award. Special awards are made to individuals or organizations not appropriately recognized by more specifically defined awards and who have made important contributions to the science or practice of meteorology or to AMS.The Mauna Loa Observatory was cited for ‘service to the scientific community for providing measurements of the chemical and physical background state of the atmosphere. The continuous records of CO2 and atmospheric transmission, in particular, are internationally unique and specially important as basic information applicable to understanding climate variability.’
FY 1984 Science Budget overview
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Astronomy, engineering, and the physical sciences as a whole were among the best funded programs in the fiscal 1984 budget that President Ronald Reagan sent to Congress last week. In addition, science education got a shot in the arm: The Reagan proposal includes plans for the nation's universities to upgrade scientific instrumentation and to attract and support high caliber scientists and engineers.Reagan proposes that federal funding for research and development, including R&D facilities, total $47 billion in fiscal 1984, up 17% from the fiscal 1983 level. Defense research and development programs would be increased 29%; nondefense R&D would be increased 0.4%. Total basic research would be boosted 10%.
Methane ocean on Titan?
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

There was an impressive list of names on a recent scientific communication that argues for the existence on Titan of an ocean of liquid methane (CH4) perhaps several hundred meters deep. C. Sagan and S. Dermott with helpful comments by S. Oter, S. Ostro, S. Peale, C. Yoder, W. Thompson, S. Squyres, G. Pettengill, P. Gierasch, and B. Khare speculate that such a methanic ocean, with its Saturnian tides and its tholinian floor, should exist all over Titan's surface; it should unless, they conclude, there is the ‘distracting coincidence [that] … the position of the surface of Titan [is] … near the liquidus in the CH4phase diagram [and, consequently, there is] …almost no methane ocean at all’ (Nature, 300, 731, 1982).We know very little about Titan and its surface; the way of checking into Sagan and Dermott's ideas appears to rest on the interpretation of radar reflectivity data. Preliminary attempts to obtain radar data were made in 1979 with the 305‐m Arecibo telescope, but only broad limits resulted. The next opportunity for a measurement at Arecibo comes in the 1990's. Of course, the ideal circumstance would be to send spacecraft equipped with a radar reflectometer for a Titan flyby.
Meteorite samples
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The more than 5,000 meteorite samples recovered from the Antarctic ice sheet since 1969 are available for study, it was recently announced. The samples, which include rare types and fragments suspected to originate from sources other than the asteroid belt, were collected with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and are curated in a joint program of NSF, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Smithsonian Institution.Send your request for samples to the Secretary, Meteorite Working Group, Curator's Branch, SN2, NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058.
Earthquake Prediction Techniques: Their Application in Japan
Authors: Kisslinger Carl 
Published: October 2011

Japan is serious about solving the earthquake prediction problem. A well‐organized and well‐funded program of research has been under way for almost 20 years in pursuit of the national goal of protecting the dense population of this earthquake‐prone country through reliable predictions.This rather amazing book, edited by Toshi Asada, retired director of the Geophysical Institute of the University of Tokyo, has been written by 10 scientists, each of whom has made important contributions to earthquake science, but who have not been known in the past as principal spokesmen for the Japanese earthquake prediction program. The result is a combination of a very readable tutorial presentation of basic earthquake science that will make the book understandable to the nonspecialist, a good summary of Japanese data and research conclusions, and a bare‐knuckles appraisal of current philosophy and strategy for prediction in Japan.
Tectonics—One year later
Authors: Holoviak Judy C. 
Published: October 2011

In its first year Tectonics was a smashing success. It surpassed all standard projections for a new journal. Changes are in store for 1983 that will make Tectonics an even more attractive place for geologists and geophysicists to publish their work.In June 1981 the AGU Council approved the creation of Tectonics, a journal devoted to a narrowly defined area of geophysics. Eight years had passed since AGU had created its last new journal, Geophysical Research Letters. During those years, the Council members and Publications Committee members had wrestled with the complex problems of how best to serve the evolving information needs of the membership and how to respond to criticisms of the current journals program.
Mechanics of fluids in porous media
Authors: Bear Jacob , Corapcioglu M. Yavuz 
Published: October 2011

Transport of quantities such as mass component of a phase and/or heat occurs in fields as diversified as petroleum reservoir engineering, groundwater hydraulics, soil mechanics, industrial filtration, water purification, wastewater treatment, soil drainage and irrigation, and geothermal energy production. In all these areas, scientists, engineers, and planners make use of mathematical models; these models describe the relevant transport processes that occur within controlled porous medium domains and enable forecasting of the future behavior of these domains in response to planned activities. The mathematical models, in turn, are based on the understanding of phenomena, often within the void space, and on theories that relate these phenomena to measurable quantities.Because of the pressing needs in areas of practical interest such as the development of groundwater energy storage and geothermal energy production, a vast amount of research in all these fields has contributed, especially in the last two decades, to our understanding and ability to describe transport phenomena in porous media. In recent years these research efforts have been significantly accelerated, attracting scientists from many disciplines. The practical needs of solving boundary value problems in heterogeneous domains, irregular boundaries, coupled phenomena and multiple dependent variables led to the development of a variety of powerful numerical techniques. The realization that fields are highly heterogeneous and that the degree of heterogeneity depends on the scale of the problem led to the introduction of stochastic concepts as an additional tool for the description of phenomena.
UCAR group urges STORM program
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

A blue‐ribbon panel of scientists has proposed a decade‐long, $1 billion program to improve forecasting operations and research of regional and local hazardous weather. The panel, appointed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), believes that the program could reduce the $20‐billion annual cost of damage from severe weather by $1 billion per year.The primary aim of the program is to ‘enable weather services, public and private, to observe and predict stormscale weather phenomena— such as squall lines, thunderstorms, flash floods, local heavy snows, or tornadoes—with the accuracy and reliability to protect the public, serve the national economy, and meet defense requirements,’ as explained in the report, The National STORM (Stormscale Operational and Research Meteorology) Program: A Call to Action. Stormscale phenomena also include nonviolent weather: freezing rain, dense ground fog, low‐lying clouds that disrupt ground or air traffic, persistent temperature inversions, and strong nocturnal cooling that may produce killing frost.