bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth-resolved Characterization of Meissner Screening Breakdown in Surface Treated Niobium
Authors: Thoeng Edward , Asaduzzaman Md. , Kolb Philipp , McFadden Ryan M. L. , Morris Gerald D. , Ticknor John O. , Dunsiger Sarah , Karner Victoria L. , Fujimoto Derek , Junginger Tobias , Kiefl Robert F. , MacFarlane W. Andrew , Li Ruohong , Saminathan Suresh , Laxdal Robert E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We report direct measurements of the magnetic field screening at the limits of the Meissner phase for two superconducting Nb samples. The samples are processed with two different surface treatments that have been developed for superconducting radio-frequency cavity applications — a “baseline” treatment and an oxygen-doping (“O-doping” ) treatment. The measurements show: 1) that the screening length is significantly longer in the “O-doping” sample compared to the “baseline” sample; 2) that the screening length near the limits of the Meissner phase increases with applied field; 3) the evolution of the screening profile as the material transitions from the Meissner phase to the mixed phase; and 4) a demonstration of the absence of any screening profile for the highest applied field, indicative of the full flux entering the sample. Measurements are performed utilizing the β -detected nuclear magnetic resonance (β -NMR) technique that allows depth resolved studies of the local magnetic field within the first 100 nm of the surface. The study takes advantage of the β -SRF beamline, a new facility at TRIUMF, Canada, where field levels up to 200 mT are available parallel to the sample surface to replicate radio frequency (RF) fields near the Meissner breakdown limits of Nb.
Unraveling the Variability of Human Satiation: Implications for Precision Obesity Management
Authors: Acosta Andres , Cifuentes Lizeth , Anazco Diego , O’Connor Timothy , Hurtado Maria , Ghusn Wissam , Campos Alejandro , Fansa Sima , McRae Alison , Madhusudhan Sunil , Kolkin Elle , Ryks Michael , Harmsen William , Dayyeh Barham Abu , Hensrud Donald , Camilleri Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Satiation is the physiologic process that regulates meal size and termination, and it is quantified by the calories consumed to reach satiation. Given its role in energy intake, changes in satiation contribute to obesity's pathogenesis. Our study employed a protocolized approach to study the components of food intake regulation including a standardized breakfast, a gastric emptying study, appetite sensation testing, and a satiation measurement by an ad libitummeal test. These studies revealed that satiation is highly variable among individuals, and while baseline characteristics, anthropometrics, body composition and hormones, contribute to this variability, these factors do not fully account for it. To address this gap, we explored the role of a germline polygenic risk score, which demonstrated a robust association with satiation. Furthermore, we developed a machine-learning-assisted gene risk score to predict satiation and leveraged this prediction to anticipate responses to anti-obesity medications. Our findings underscore the significance of satiation, its inherent variability, and the potential of a genetic risk score to forecast it, ultimately allowing us to predict responses to different anti-obesity interventions.
Understanding the conflict between ecological environment and human activities in the process of urbanization based on constitutive model
Authors: Zhou Yazhou , Huang Yong , Liu Wenyuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In the process of human social development, the coupling and coordinated development among the ecological environment(E), production(P), and living functions(L) is of great significance for sustainable development. This study uses an improved coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) to discover the coordination conflict between E and human settlement environment. The main work of this study is as follows: (1)It is found that in the process of urbanization development of Ya 'an city from 2014 to 2018, the degree of coupling(DOC) value between E, P, and L is high, but the coupling coordination degree(CCD) of the three is low, especially the DOC value of E and the other two has the biggest decline. (2)a more objective weight value is obtained, which can avoid the analysis error caused by subjective judgment weight value.(3) This study constructs a constitutive model of E, P, and L, then proposes resilience indicators that reflect the carrying capacity of human activities in the E. (4) Finally, the resilience of the E was used to explain the phenomenon of a decrease in coordination between the E, P, and L, while also explaining the most obvious problem of a decrease in CCD between the E and the other two.
Segmented constitutive relationship of weakly cemented sandstone and numerical implementation based on homogeneity
Authors: WANG Hong , Zuo Yujun , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this study, we employed triaxial compression tests on weakly cemented sand specimens under varying confining pressures (ranging from 3.5 to 19.5 MPa) to investigate their mechanical properties and deformation characteristics. Utilizing the Two-Parts Hook's Model (TPHM) and statistical damage theory, we constructed a comprehensive model, which was subsequently integrated into the FLAC3D numerical platform. The findings revealed a decrease in the compaction stage as confinement pressure increased, with strains of 0.005 at 3.5 MPa and 0.002 at 19.5 MPa. The TPHM effectively captured the non-linear elastic and elastic deformation before damage onset, while the statistical damage model aptly described post-damage deformation. Incorporating the rock's homogeneity parameter (m) in the model implementation, the simulation results closely matched experimental data, providing a more accurate representation of stress field migration and damage zone evolution during the failure process of weakly cemented sandstone. These findings contribute valuable insights to understanding stability changes in tunnel surroundings, roofs, and floors during coal mining operations in areas with weakly cemented sandstone, thereby offering a reference for practical applications.
WITHDRAWN: Research on Enhanced Visual SLAM Loop Closure Detection Algorithm in Indoor Dynamic Scenes
Authors: Wang Lu , Hu Chao , Lu Xiaoxia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The currently mature vision SLAM loop closure detection algorithms, when applied to dynamic scenes, often suffer from mismatching of feature points due to interference from pedestrians or other moving objects, thereby disrupting the consistency of the map. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an enhanced visual SLAM loop closure detection algorithm suitable for indoor dynamic scenes. Firstly, we propose the BSENet (Bottleneck with Squeeze and Excitation Network) convolutional network to replace the convolutional modules in the U-Net + + model, thereby enhancing the semantic segmentation model's ability to process complex features. Secondly, we dynamically allocate weights to each semantic information using the motion levels of semantic information and the centroid coordinates of K-means clustering. Finally, the similarity between key frames and candidate frames is calculated based on these weights, and the results of this calculation are used to enhance the loop closure detection algorithm's performance in dynamic scenes. Experimental results show that the improved U-Net + + model has increased its MIoU (Mean Intersection over Union) to 76.9% on the validation set and reduced its loss to 0.172. In contrast, the traditional bag-of-words-based loop closure detection algorithm only achieved a maximum similarity of 0.262 for images identified as loop closures, whereas the enhanced loop closure detection algorithm achieved a similarity of 0.757 for loop closure photos, enabling accurate identification of loop closures in dynamic scenes.
Sex, age, body mass index, and contraceptive use but not perceived stress influence healthy plasma lipidomic profiles
Authors: Hahnefeld Lisa , Hackel Juliane , Trautmann Sandra , Angioni Carlo , Schreiber Yannick , Gurke Robert , Thomas Dominique , Wicker Sabine , Geisslinger Gerd , Tegeder Irmgard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The stress of everyday life is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic, vascular, mental, and immune diseases, with different susceptibilities in women and men. We hypothesized that sex differences in stress perception may manifest in sex-dependent lipid profiles.
Methods
The present study investigated the effect of sex, age, body mass index, perceived stress, regular and occasional drug use, and dietary supplements on plasma lipidomic profiles, obtained by mass spectrometry analyses. The study included 217 healthy women and 108 healthy men aged 18–68 years, who were recruited in a 2:1 female:male ratio to account for women with/without contraceptives.
Results
As expected, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and ceramides were higher in men than in women, and in both sexes DHEAS decreased with age, while ceramides increased. Contrary to expectations, neither DHEAS nor ceramides were associated with perceived stress (PSQ30 questionnaire), which peaked in young and 51 + women (low in ages between), and in obese young men, whereas the overall male PSQ30 peak was around 40 years of age. None of the lipid species or classes showed a similar "age X sex X BMI" interaction. Strong sex differences were found for lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) (low in women) and their metabolites, lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) (high in women). The LPA:LPC ratio was particularly high in women receiving contraceptives suggesting a strong hormone-induced conversion of LPCs to LPAs via autotaxin, which was much higher in women than in men, and is known to trigger platelet aggregation. In addition, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) were high in women. They are precursors of endocannabinoids such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which was elevated in subjects with a medical history of hypertension and increased with the BMI.
Conclusion
The results reveal complex sex differences in perceived stress and lipidomic profiles, the latter being exacerbated by contraceptive use, but perceived stress and lipids were not directly correlated.
Trial registration
Not applicable
Fiscal decentralization and the size of government: an empirical test of the Leviathan hypothesis
Authors: ASNGAR Thierry MAMADOU , NKOA Bruno Emmanuel ONGO , YOUNDA Derick Ulrich 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

results
(i) resource decentralization and expenditure decentralization reduce the size of the central public sector, while tax decentralization increases it; (ii) fiscal decentralization (resources, expenditure and taxes) tends to increase the size of the local public sector, suggesting the existence of a local Leviathan in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, as Brennan and Buchanan (1980) suggested, decentralized countries have less expensive national public sectors. However, as Oates (1985) and Wallis and Oates (1988) suspected, the allocation of a wider range of functions to government in the event of decentralization suggests a positive association between greater fiscal decentralization and the size of the local public sector.
Observing Dendrite Growth in Solid-State Sodium Batteries Using Fluorescence Tomography Technology
Authors: Jin Haibo , Yang Shuaishuai , Li Na , Zhao Enyue , Wang Chengzhi , He Jingxin , Xiao Xiong , Fang Debao , Ni Qing , Han Xile , Xue Xiaobin , Chen Lai , Li Ning , Li Jingbo , Guo Tuan , Su Yuefeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Dendrite growth in solid-state sodium batteries (SSBs) is one of the most concerned issues that critically affect the battery efficiency and cycling performance. Herein, a fluorescence tomography technology is developed to observe the sodium dendrite growth in SSBs by designing a fluorescent Eu3+-doped Na3Zr2Si2PO12 solid electrolyte (SE). Under the Eu3+-fluorescence contrast, three-dimensional optical images of the sodium dendrites are obtained by using a confocal laser scanning microscopy. In this way, in-depth sodium dendrite observation during charge/discharge cycles is performed, showing the dendrite initiating stage near the surface and subsequent propagation along the grain boundaries of the SE. Further, a grain-boundary-doping method is promoted and the corresponding Na//Na symmetric cell achieves a record-high cycling stability for more than 1 year (415 d, ongoing) at 25 ℃. This work demonstrates an optical tomography method observing dendrite growth in SSBs and provides an insightful guidance for the design of high-performance SEs.
Stock mispricing and firm innovation: evidence from an emerging equity market
Authors: Duong Le Quy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study analyzes the effects of equity market mispricing on firm innovation. Using a sample of nearly 450 non-financial listed firms in Vietnam from to 2014-2023, the authors examine whether firm innovation is sensitive to stock mispricing. Adopting the method of Rhodes-Kropf et al. (2005), the authors estimated the difference between market capitalization and the long-term fundamental value of equity to measure stock mispricing. As Shen et al. (2021) suggest, firm innovation is measured by research and development funding scaled by operating income. The relationship between stock misvaluation and firm innovation was analyzed using regression analysis. Empirical results show that stock mispricing positively affects firm innovation in Vietnam. Overvalued listed companies invest more actively in R&D. Further, the relationship between stock mispricing and corporate innovation is more prominent for frequently traded stocks. The promoting effect of stock mispricing on enterprise innovation is amplified in high-growth firms. This study provides new evidence regarding the impact of stock mispricing on firm innovation in Vietnam, in comparison with more developed markets such as the US or representative emerging markets such as China. Our results help foreign investors and scholars to better understand the connection between equity markets and corporate finance in the context of Vietnam
Salidroside promotes the eNOS-NO-sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway by correcting arginine metabolism and improves Monocrotaline-induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Li Junfei , Zhang Zengyu , Zhu Chenghui , Zheng Xiaorong , Wang Chunlei , Jiang Jianwei , Zhang Hongyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Salidroside (SAL), an active component derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Rhodiola, has been demonstrated to have protective effects on models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), though its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of SAL on a PAH rat model induced by monocrotaline, as well as its impact on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in lung tissues, by employing immunohistochemistry, ELISA, Western blot, and untargeted metabolomics approaches. The results indicated that SAL treatment significantly reduced pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular compensatory hypertrophy, ameliorated pulmonary vascular wall thickening and remodeling, and alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the lungs of PAH rats. The underlying mechanisms were associated with the promotion of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and bioavailability. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed metabolic dysregulation in the PAH rat model, characterized by disturbances in arginine, proline, citrate, aminoacyl-tRNA, glycerophospholipid, riboflavin, and serine metabolism. SAL intervention effectively restored metabolic balance in the pulmonary artery of PAH rats. The findings of this study suggest that SAL exerts its anti-PAH effects by improving arginine metabolism dysregulation, promoting endogenous NO synthesis and bioactivity utilization, thereby mitigating lung tissue damage and improving pulmonary vascular wall thickening and remodeling.
The model for estimation of testicular volume in different age male rats – suitability of various testicular volume calculation formulas for living animals
Authors: Lasiene Kristina , Kleina Regina , Dabuzinskiene Anita , Gasiliunas Donatas , Juodziukyniene Nomeda , Zilaitiene Birute , Dirziuviene Raminta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The change in testicular volume can indicate decreased male fertility and is useful for comparing spermatogenesis before and after experiments in animals, or before and after treatment of especially valuable breeding domestic animals with pharmaceuticals affecting spermatogenesis, such as antitumor drugs. Various formulas can be used to calculate living males testes’ volume. This study examined suitability of four testicular volume calculation formulas for male Wistar rats of different ages (2-months, 1-year, and 2-year-old) and the changes of testicular volume during 90-days observation. The calculated volume after ultrasound examination of testes size was compared with water displacement volume. In 2-months-old rats, the Solid ellipsoid triaxial body calculation formula and the Prolate ellipsoid formula were most suitable for calculation of testes volume, and the volume of both testes increased very significantly during 90-days observation. In 1-year-old rats, the Solid ellipsoid triaxial body calculation formula was optimal, and the volume of both testes increased insignificantly. For 2-year-old rats, Solid ellipsoid triaxial body calculation and Prolate ellipsoid formulas or their average was recommended, and the volume of both testes decreased slightly during 90-days observation.
Rapid and Sensitive Protein Complex Alignment with Foldseek-Multimer
Authors: Steinegger Martin , Levy Emmanuel , Kim Woosub , Mirdita Milot , Karin Eli , Gilchrist Cameron , Schweke Hugo , Söding Johannes 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Advances in computational structure prediction will vastly augment the hundreds of thousands of currently-available protein complex structures. Translating these into discoveries requires aligning them, which is computationally prohibitive. Foldseek-Multimer computes complex alignments from compatible chain-to-chain alignments, identified by efficiently clustering their superposition vectors. Foldseek-Multimer is 3-4 orders of magnitudes faster than the gold standard, while producing comparable alignments; allowing it to compare dozens of billions of complex-pairs in 14 hours. Foldseek-Multimer is open-source software: github.com/steineggerlab/foldseek and webserver: search.foldseek.com.
Mesh regularization through predictive scaling factors based on material model parameter estimation for debris impact test on titanium alloy (TI-6Al-4V) plate.
Authors: Tabiei Ala , Patro Abinash 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The mesh Size is a crucial element of the FEA simulation. This study focuses on mesh regularization, which is the process of removing mesh dependency from FEA simulations. These techniques are commonly used to match experimental data and reduce computational time. In this study, mesh regularization was approached using a material failure criterion based on the element size. However, the current approach to failure scaling based on the element size is a trial-and-error process. To address this, four different analytical models were formulated to predict the scaling factors based on the failure criterion vs. mesh size. The material model-based scaling factors were determined for the tensile tests using 11 different mesh sizes. These predictive scaling factors were then compared with the scaling factor obtained using the conventional tensile testing method. The findings of this study show that using the scaling factors found through the experimental method eliminates errors in the tensile test model, and the predicted scaling factor significantly reduces the error in force-displacement for different mesh sizes compared to the base mesh size. Additionally, in the debris impact test, the predictive scaling factors reduced the deviation in residual velocity to 1.67 % from the initial 17.81 %, and the maximum deviation in energy absorption was reduced from 48.40 % to 8.10 % without scaling factors. This study introduces a new method for predicting material-model-based scaling factors for mesh regularization and discusses the applicability of this method to various problems.
Building a Culture of Health Through the Built Environment: Impact of a Cluster Randomized Trial Remediating Vacant and Abandoned Property on Health Mindsets
Authors: Theall Katherine , Wallace Jasmine , Tucker Amber , Wu Kimberly , Walker Brigham , Gustat Jeanette , Kondo Michelle , Morrison Christopher , Pealer Casius , Branas Charles C , Richardson Lisa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Changing built environment conditions to impact health mindsets and health equity may be a promising target for public health interventions. The present study was a cluster randomized controlled trial to test the impact of remediating vacant and abandoned properties on factors related to health mindset—including well-being, health interconnectedness, social capital markers, neighborhood disorder and worry—as well as direct and indirect violence experiences and the moderating role of racial and income segregation on outcomes. A residential cohort of 405 participants from 194 randomly assigned geographic clusters were surveyed over five waves from 2019 to 2023. Compared to clusters with no treatment, participants in clusters where both vacant lots and abandoned homes were treated experienced significant increases in sense of community (83%, 95% CI=71 to 96%, p=0.01). Among participants in randomization clusters where only vacant lots were treated, there were declines in perceived neighborhood disorder (-55%, 95% CI=-79 to -5, p=0.06) and worry about community violence (-56%, 95% CI=-58 to -12, p=0.06). There was also a moderating effect of racial and income spatial polarization, with the greatest changes in sense of community observed among more deprived areas with both homes and lots treated; and the largest changes in neighborhood worry and disorder were seen in more deprived areas with only lots treated. Remediation of vacant and abandoned properties may be one approach to change some but not all mindsets around health, and the effects may depend on the type of remediation as well as larger neighborhood conditions such segregation.
Ethanol selectively inducing the separation of single-chirality carbon nanotubes from polymer-dispersed mixture
Authors: Yang Dehua , Chang Xuan , Yuan Xiaoyang , Yang Xiaofei , Li Linhai , Xi Wei , Liu Huaping , Chen Jianhui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Structural separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is crucial for high-performance SWCNT-based devices. Compared with separation methods in aqueous systems, SWCNTs separated via polymer wrapping are more conducive to being processed into uniform and well-oriented films for high-speed nanoelectronic devices. However, high-purity separation of multiple single-chirality SWCNTs in organic systems remains a challenge due to the limited chiral resolution of polymer-based methods. Herein, we develop a straightforward technique to enlarge the polymer coating differences of different SWCNT species by employing ethanol and precisely recognize the various (n, m) species by introducing undispersed SWCNTs to induce a spontaneous chiral selective reaggregation. With this technique, we obtained eight types of single-chirality SWCNTs in organic systems, including (6, 5), (7, 5), (7, 6), (8, 6), (8, 7), (9, 7), (10, 5) and (10, 6), with purities higher than 90% in five of them. Ethanol also induces the reaggregation of metallic SWCNTs, increasing the purity of large-diameter semiconducting SWCNTs. This technique makes significant progress in the polymer-based method for achieving single-chirality separation. We believe that this work promotes the SWCNT-based electronics.