bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geoarchaeology of the Nehalem spit: Redistribution of beeswax galleon wreck debris by Cascadia earthquake and tsunami (∼A.D. 1700), Oregon, USA
Authors: Peterson Curt D. , Williams Scott S. , Cruikshank Kenneth M. , Dubè John R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA coincidence of the Beeswax galleon shipwreck (ca. A.D. 1650–1700) and the last Cascadia earthquake tsunami and coastal subsidence at ∼A.D. 1700 redistributed and buried wreck artifacts on the Nehalem Bay spit, Oregon, USA. Ground‐penetrating radar profiles (∼7 km total distance), sand auger probes, trenches, cutbank exposures (29 in number), and surface cobble counts (49 sites) were collected from the Nehalem spit (∼5 km2 area). The field data demonstrate (1) the latest prehistoric integrity of the spit, (2) tsunami spit overtopping, and (3) coseismic beach retreat since the A.D. 1700 great earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone. Wreck debris was (1) initially scattered along the spit ocean beaches, (2) washed over the spit by nearfield tsunami (6–8 m elevation), and (3) remobilized in beach strandlines by catastrophic beach retreat. Historic recovery of the spit (150 m beach progradation) and modern foredune accretion (>5 m depth) have buried both the retreat scarp strandlines and associated wreck artifacts. The recent onshore sand transport might re‐expose heavy ship remains in the offshore area if the wreck grounded in shallow water (<20 m water depth of closure). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between genomic distance‐based regression and kernel machine regression for multi‐marker association testing
Authors: Pan Wei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo detect genetic association with common and complex diseases, two powerful yet quite different multimarker association tests have been proposed, genomic distance‐based regression (GDBR) (Wessel and Schork [2006] Am J Hum Genet 79:821–833) and kernel machine regression (KMR) (Kwee et al. [2008] Am J Hum Genet 82:386–397; Wu et al. [2010] Am J Hum Genet 86:929–942). GDBR is based on relating a multimarker similarity metric for a group of subjects to variation in their trait values, while KMR is based on nonparametric estimates of the effects of the multiple markers on the trait through a kernel function or kernel matrix. Since the two approaches are both powerful and general, but appear quite different, it is important to know their specific relationships. In this report, we show that, under the condition that there is no other covariate, there is a striking correspondence between the two approaches for a quantitative or a binary trait: if the same positive semi‐definite matrix is used as the centered similarity matrix in GDBR and as the kernel matrix in KMR, the F‐test statistic in GDBR and the score test statistic in KMR are equal (up to some ignorable constants). The result is based on the connections of both methods to linear or logistic (random‐effects) regression models. Genet. Epidemiol 35: 211‐216, 2011   © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Power in the phenotypic extremes: a simulation study of power in discovery and replication of rare variants
Authors: Guey Lin T. , Kravic Jasmina , Melander Olle , Burtt Noël P. , Laramie Jason M. , Lyssenko Valeriya , Jonsson Anna , Lindholm Eero , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Isomaa Bo , Nilsson Peter , Almgren Peter , Kathiresan Sekar , Groop Leif , Seymour Albert B. , Altshuler David , Voight Benjamin F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing technologies are making it possible to study the role of rare variants in human disease. Many studies balance statistical power with cost‐effectiveness by (a) sampling from phenotypic extremes and (b) utilizing a two‐stage design. Two‐stage designs include a broad‐based discovery phase and selection of a subset of potential causal genes/variants to be further examined in independent samples. We evaluate three parameters: first, the gain in statistical power due to extreme sampling to discover causal variants; second, the informativeness of initial (Phase I) association statistics to select genes/variants for follow‐up; third, the impact of extreme and random sampling in (Phase 2) replication. We present a quantitative method to select individuals from the phenotypic extremes of a binary trait, and simulate disease association studies under a variety of sample sizes and sampling schemes. First, we find that while studies sampling from extremes have excellent power to discover rare variants, they have limited power to associate them to phenotype—suggesting high false‐negative rates for upcoming studies. Second, consistent with previous studies, we find that the effect sizes estimated in these studies are expected to be systematically larger compared with the overall population effect size; in a well‐cited lipids study, we estimate the reported effect to be twofold larger. Third, replication studies require large samples from the general population to have sufficient power; extreme sampling could reduce the required sample size as much as fourfold. Our observations offer practical guidance for the design and interpretation of studies that utilize extreme sampling. Genet. Epidemiol. 35: 236‐246, 2011.  © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maintenance and regulation of extracellular volume and the ion environment in Drosophila larval nerves
Authors: Leiserson William M. , Keshishian Haig 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn mammals and insects, paracellular blood barriers isolate the nervous system from the rest of the animal. Glia and accessory cells of the nervous system use pumps, channels, cotransporters, and exchangers collectively to maintain the extracellular ion environment and osmotic balance in the nervous system. At present, the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process remain unclear. In humans, loss of extracellular ion and volume regulation in the nervous system poses serious health threats. Drosophila is a model genetic organism with a proven track record for uncovering molecular mechanisms relevant to human health and disease. Here, we review what is known about extracellular ion and volume regulation in larval abdominal nerves, present some new data about the impact of neural activity on the extracellular environment, and relate the findings to mammalian systems. Homologies have been found at the level of morphology, physiology, molecular mechanisms, and mutant phenotypes. The Fray‐Ncc69 module regulates extracellular volume in larval nerves. Genetic rescue experiments with the mammalian orthologs prove this module has a direct correlate in humans. This and other molecular homologies, together with the similar physiological needs, suggest that uncovering the molecular mechanisms of ion and volume regulation in larval nerves will likely provide significant insights into this process in mammalian systems. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pattern of invasion of the embryonic mouse spinal cord by microglial cells at the time of the onset of functional neuronal networks
Authors: Rigato C. , Buckinx R. , Le‐Corronc H. , Rigo J. M. , Legendre P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMicroglial cells invade the central nervous system during embryonic development, but their developmental functional roles in vivo remain largely unknown. Accordingly, their invasion pattern during early embryonic development is still poorly understood. To address this issue, we analyzed the initial developmental pattern of microglial cell invasion in the spinal cord of CX3CR1‐eGFP mouse embryos using immunohistochemistry. Microglial cells began to invade the mouse embryonic spinal cord at a developmental period corresponding to the onset of spontaneous electrical activity and of synaptogenesis. Microglial cells reached the spinal cord through the peripheral vasculature and began to invade the parenchyma at 11.5 days of embryonic age (E11.5). Remarkably, at E12.5, activated microglial cells aggregated in the dorsolateral region close to terminals of dying dorsal root ganglia neurons. At E13.5, microglial cells in the ventral marginal zone interacted with radial glial cells, whereas ramified microglial cells within the parenchyma interacted with growing capillaries. At this age, activated microglial cells (Mac‐2 staining) also accumulated within the lateral motor columns at the onset of the developmental cell death of motoneurons. This cell aggregation was still observed at E14.5, but microglial cells no longer expressed Mac‐2. At E15.5, microglial cells were randomly distributed within the parenchyma. Our results provide the essential basis for further studies on the role of microglial cells in the early development of spinal cord neuronal networks in vivo. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of glutamate in rest‐stimulus interaction between perigenual and supragenual anterior cingulate cortex: A combined fMRI‐MRS study
Authors: Duncan Niall W. , Enzi Björn , Wiebking Christine , Northoff Georg 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe brain shows a high degree of activity at rest. The significance of this activity has come increasingly into focus. At present, however, the interaction between this activity and stimulus‐induced activity is not well defined. The interaction between a task‐negative (perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, pgACC) and task‐positive (supragenual anterior cingulate cortex, sgACC) region during a simple task was thus investigated using a combination of fMRI and MRS. Negative BOLD responses in the pgACC were found to show a unidirectional effective connectivity with task‐induced positive BOLD responses in the sgACC. This connectivity was shown to be related specifically with glutamate levels in the pgACC. These results demonstrate an interaction between deactivation from resting‐state and resting‐state glutamate levels in a task‐negative region (pgACC), and task‐induced activity in a task‐positive region (sgACC). This provides insight into the neuronal and biochemical mechanisms by means of which the resting state activity of the brain potentially impacts upon subsequent stimulus‐induced activity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cortical network differences in the sighted versus early blind for recognition of human‐produced action sounds
Authors: Lewis James W. , Frum Chris , Brefczynski‐Lewis Julie A. , Talkington William J. , Walker Nathan A. , Rapuano Kristina M. , Kovach Amanda L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBoth sighted and blind individuals can readily interpret meaning behind everyday real‐world sounds. In sighted listeners, we previously reported that regions along the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulci (pSTS) and middle temporal gyri (pMTG) are preferentially activated when presented with recognizable action sounds. These regions have generally been hypothesized to represent primary loci for complex motion processing, including visual biological motion processing and audio–visual integration. However, it remained unclear whether, or to what degree, life‐long visual experience might impact functions related to hearing perception or memory of sound‐source actions. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared brain regions activated in congenitally blind versus sighted listeners in response to hearing a wide range of recognizable human‐produced action sounds (excluding vocalizations) versus unrecognized, backward‐played versions of those sounds. Here, we show that recognized human action sounds commonly evoked activity in both groups along most of the left pSTS/pMTG complex, though with relatively greater activity in the right pSTS/pMTG by the blind group. These results indicate that portions of the postero‐lateral temporal cortices contain domain‐specific hubs for biological and/or complex motion processing independent of sensory‐modality experience. Contrasting the two groups, the sighted listeners preferentially activated bilateral parietal plus medial and lateral frontal networks, whereas the blind listeners preferentially activated left anterior insula plus bilateral anterior calcarine and medial occipital regions, including what would otherwise have been visual‐related cortex. These global‐level network differences suggest that blind and sighted listeners may preferentially use different memory retrieval strategies when hearing and attempting to recognize action sounds. Hum Brain Mapp , 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimizing within‐experiment and within‐group effects in activation likelihood estimation meta‐analyses
Authors: Turkeltaub Peter E. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Laird Angela R. , Fox Mick , Wiener Martin , Fox Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractActivation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) is an objective, quantitative technique for coordinate‐based meta‐analysis (CBMA) of neuroimaging results that has been validated for a variety of uses. Stepwise modifications have improved ALE's theoretical and statistical rigor since its introduction. Here, we evaluate two avenues to further optimize ALE. First, we demonstrate that the maximum contribution of an experiment makes to an ALE map is related to the number of foci it reports and their proximity. We present a modified ALE algorithm that eliminates these within‐experiment effects. However, we show that these effects only account for 2–3% of cumulative ALE values, and removing them has little impact on thresholded ALE maps. Next, we present an alternate organizational approach to datasets that prevents subject groups with multiple experiments in a dataset from influencing ALE values more than others. This modification decreases cumulative ALE values by 7–9%, changes the relative magnitude of some clusters, and reduces cluster extents. Overall, differences between results of the standard approach and these new methods were small. This finding validates previous ALE reports against concerns that they were driven by within‐experiment or within‐group effects. We suggest that the modified ALE algorithm is theoretically advantageous compared with the current algorithm, and that the alternate organization of datasets is the most conservative approach for typical ALE analyses and other CBMA methods. Combining the two modifications minimizes both within‐experiment and within‐group effects, optimizing the degree to which ALE values represent concordance of findings across independent reports. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of human gustatory cortex by activation likelihood estimation
Authors: Veldhuizen Maria G. , Albrecht Jessica , Zelano Christina , Boesveldt Sanne , Breslin Paul , Lundström Johan N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOver the last two decades, neuroimaging methods have identified a variety of taste‐responsive brain regions. Their precise location, however, remains in dispute. For example, taste stimulation activates areas throughout the insula and overlying operculum, but identification of subregions has been inconsistent. Furthermore, literature reviews and summaries of gustatory brain activations tend to reiterate rather than resolve this ambiguity. Here, we used a new meta‐analytic method [activation likelihood estimation (ALE)] to obtain a probability map of the location of gustatory brain activation across 15 studies. The map of activation likelihood values can also serve as a source of independent coordinates for future region‐of‐interest analyses. We observed significant cortical activation probabilities in: bilateral anterior insula and overlying frontal operculum, bilateral mid dorsal insula and overlying Rolandic operculum, and bilateral posterior insula/parietal operculum/postcentral gyrus, left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), right medial OFC, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (prACC) and right mediodorsal thalamus. This analysis confirms the involvement of multiple cortical areas within insula and overlying operculum in gustatory processing and provides a functional “taste map” which can be used as an inclusive mask in the data analyses of future studies. In light of this new analysis, we discuss human central processing of gustatory stimuli and identify topics where increased research effort is warranted. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing the utility of complex‐valued functional magnetic resonance imaging detection of neurobiological processes through postacquisition estimation and correction of dynamic B0 errors and motion
Authors: Hahn Andrew D. , Nencka Andrew S. , Rowe Daniel B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series analysis is typically performed using only the magnitude portion of the data. The phase information remains unused largely due to its sensitivity to temporal variations in the magnetic field unrelated to the functional response of interest. These phase changes are commonly the result of physiologic processes such as breathing or motion either inside or outside the imaging field of view. As a result, although the functional phase response carries pertinent physiological information concerning the vasculature, one aspect of which is the location of large draining veins, the full hemodynamic phase response is understudied and is poorly understood, especially in comparison with the magnitude response. It is likely that the magnitude and phase contain disjoint information, which could be used in tandem to better characterize functional hemodynamics. In this work, simulated and human fMRI experimental data are used to demonstrate how statistical analysis of complex‐valued fMRI time series can be problematic, and how robust analysis using these powerful and flexible complex‐valued statistics is possible through postprocessing with correction for dynamic magnetic field fluctuations in conjunction with estimated motion parameters. These techniques require no special pulse sequence modifications and can be applied to any complex‐valued echo planar imaging data set. This analysis shows that the phase component appears to contain information complementary to that in the magnitude and that processing and analysis techniques are available to investigate it in a robust and flexible manner. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of long‐term participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance program on child obesity
Authors: Schmeiser Maximilian D. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYParticipation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) reached an all‐time high of 40.2 million persons in March 2010, which means the program affects a substantial fraction of Americans. A significant body of research has emerged suggesting that participation in SNAP increases the probability of being obese for adult women and has little effect on the probability for adult men. However, studies addressing the effects of participation on children have produced mixed results. This paper examines the effect of long‐term SNAP participation on the Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile and probability of being overweight or obese for children ages 5–18 using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults data set. An instrumental variables identification strategy that exploits exogenous variation in state‐level program parameters, as well as state and federal expansions of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), is used to address the endogeneity between SNAP participation and obesity. SNAP participation is found to significantly reduce BMI percentile and the probability of being overweight or obese for boys and girls ages 5–11 and boys ages 12–18. For girls ages 12–18, SNAP participation appears to have no significant effect on these outcomes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scheduling jobs to consider physiological factors
Authors: Öztürkoğlu Yücel Yılmaz , Bulfin Robert L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe studied scheduling jobs and breaks for a single worker. The processing time of jobs increases as the worker tires. In this study, we assume that conventional machine scheduling models do not always work for humans. So, while determining the break time, we consider the workers' physiological factors. The two objectives considered are the total flow time and makespan. An exact mathematical model and heuristic algorithm are developed to solve large problems. Numerical examples are presented for understanding and analyzing the performance of the mathematical model and the heuristic. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prolactin as a biomarker for treatment response and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia subjects: old thoughts revisited from a genetic perspective
Authors: Souza Renan P. , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Remington Gary , Kennedy James L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPrevious studies investigated whether prolactin (PRL) serum level was a biomarker of antipsychotic response, schizophrenia symptomatology, and tardive dyskinesia. Most of the findings support that antipsychotic drugs modulate PRL levels but PRL is not a steady indicator. Recent results suggest a genetic effect of PRL and PRL receptor (PRLR) polymorphisms in PRL levels indicating that independently of antipsychotic therapy subjects could have altered PRL levels due to their genetic background. We evaluated whether PRL and PRLR variants were associated with treatment outcome and tardive dyskinesia. We observed no association of PRL/PRLR polymorphism with treatment response (best genotypic results include PRL rs849885 and PRLR rs4703509 permuted p = 0.326). Regarding tardive dyskinesia, the major allele of PRL rs37364 was nominally associated with risk for tardive dyskinesia in the European ancestry sub‐sample (permuted p = 0.183). Although we reported no significant associations, it is definitely worthy of investigation to see if together (genetic variants in the PRL system and PRL serum measures) could be a reliable biomarker for antipsychotic response and TD prevalence. Our results suggest that more studies in this context are required to shed light in the molecular mechanisms underlying antipsychotic response and tardive dyskinesia occurrence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The comparison of aripiprazole and risperidone augmentation in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor‐refractory obsessive‐compulsive disorder: a single‐blind, randomised study
Authors: Selvi Yavuz , Atli Abdullah , Aydin Adem , Besiroglu Lutfullah , Ozdemir Pinar , Ozdemir Osman 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the comparative efficacy of aripiprazole and risperidone as augmenting agents in the treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) patients who did not show a ≥35% decrease in the Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS) after 12‐week monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).MethodsThe study consists of two different periods of treatment: a 12‐week prospective period to determine resistance to SSRI treatment and an 8‐week single‐blind addition period for refractory patients only. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the SSRI treatments. Sixty‐nine patients (76.6%) completed the 12‐week SSRI monotherapy period. Forty‐one patients (59.4%) were considered refractory and were randomised to receive either risperidone (20 patients, 3 mgr daily) or aripiprazole (21 patients, 15 mgr daily) as augmentation to SSRI treatment. Sixteen patients (76.2%) in the aripiprazole group and 18 patients (84%) in the risperidone group completed the 8‐week treatment period.ResultsEight patients (50%) in aripiprazole and 13 patients (72.2%) in risperidone group met response criteria of Y‐BOCS decrease ≥35% at the end of the study. The risperidone group showed a significant improvement in Y‐BOCS obsession scores compared with aripiprazole.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that risperidone may be more effective than aripiprazole. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.