bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemistry of Salicylaldoxime in Solid Argon: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Grzegorzek Joanna , Mielke Zofia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe photochemistry of salicylaldoxime in solid argon has been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The salicylaldoxime molecule trapped in the matrix from the vapor above the solid sample has the most stable syn1 conformation with an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Irradiation (λ > 320 nm) leads to conversion of the syn1 conformer into the syn3 one, in which the C(H)NOH and (C)OH groups are rotated around the C–C and C–O bonds, respectively, and the intramolecular hydrogen bond is broken. The photochemistry of syn3 involves three possible routes: (i) conversion of syn3 into anti2 conformer, this process requires rearrangement of the NOH group with respect to the C=N bond; (ii) photodissociation of salicylaldoxime into 2‐cyanophenol and water, which form a hydrogen‐bonded complex; and (iii) regeneration of the syn1 conformer. The third route is a very small contribution to the overall process. The study performed with [D2]salicylaldoxime indicates that the dehydration reaction of salicylaldoxime involves cleavage of the N–O bond and formation of OH and Ph(OH)C(H)N radicals in the first step. Then, the OH radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the CH group to form 2‐cyanophenol and water molecules. When the sample is exposed to the full output of the mercury lamp the 2‐cyanophenol complex with water becomes the dominating product.
Cooperative C3‐ and C13‐Substituent Effects on Synthetic Chlorophyll Derivatives
Authors: Sasaki Shin‐ichi , Yoshizato Mari , Kunieda Michio , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractC3‐vinyl and C13‐keto‐carbonyl groups of methyl pyropheophorbide‐a, a chlorophyll‐a derivative, were systematically modified to investigate the substituent effects along the y‐axis of chlorin macrocycles. C131 deoxygenation resulted in blueshifts of the Qy absorption maxima and a large reduction of their redox potentials, whereas introduction of the dicyanomethylene group at the 131‐position caused the opposite effect on both optical and electrochemical properties. Among the nine chlorins examined, the Qy peak positions could be varied from 647 to 736 nm by the cooperative effects of the diagonal substituents' combinations.
A Cobalt‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Approach to Novel 2,3‐Di‐ and 2,2,3‐Trisubstituted 3‐Methoxycarbonyl‐γ‐butyrolact­ones
Authors: Le Floch Camille , Le Gall Erwan , Léonel Eric , Koubaa Jihen , Martens Thierry , Retailleau Pascal 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of the title butyrolactones starting from aryl bromides, dimethyl itaconate, and either aldehydes or ketones is described. The cobalt‐catalyzed domino process formally involves the in situ metalation of an aromatic bromide, conjugate addition onto dimethylitaconate, an aldolization reaction with a carbonyl compound and a final cyclization into a five‐membered lactone. This procedure is applied to the concise synthesis of a range of functionalized γ‐butyrolactones with a methyl paraconate subunit.
On pore water pressure variations causing slide velocities and accelerations observed in a seasonally active landslide
Authors: Van Genuchten Pieter M. B. , De Rijke Helenus 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIndividual block displacements, continuously recorded in spring 1987 in a landslide in the French Alps, are strongly affected by rain and dry spells. Although a viscous component is present in the sliding mechanism, variation of the plastic strength characteristics is necessary to explain the controlled sliding. A stick‐slip movement behaviour and a diurnal variation in slide rate, attributed to the diurnal variation in evapotranspiration, were recorded. The observed numerous accelerations and decelerations of the blocks movements are attributed to small variations in pore pressure. These variations are explained and their magnitude is calculated: starting from limit equilibrium increases of pore water pressure smaller than 0‐1 k Pa are sufficient to provoke the maximum recorded acceleration and velocity for a block of 2000 tons in weight.
Researches on Moss Vegetation on decaying wooden substratum of Bîrnova‐Repedea wooded Massif, Iasi (Romania)
Authors: Mihai Gh. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRepresenting the continuation of the investigations on moss vegetation this paper records of such on decaying wooden substratum of Bîrnova‐Repedea forest. Two moss associations and two bryocenoses are described.
Demethyl fruticulin A (SCO‐1) causes apoptosis by inducing reactive oxygen species in mitochondria
Authors: Monticone Massimiliano , Bisio Angela , Daga Antonio , Giannoni Paolo , Giaretti Walter , Maffei Massimo , Pfeffer Ulrich , Romeo Francesco , Quarto Rodolfo , Romussi Giovanni , Corte Giorgio , Castagnola Patrizio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDemethyl fruticulin A (SCO‐1) is a compound found in Salvia corrugata leaves. SCO‐1 was reported to induce anoikis in cell lines via the membrane scavenging receptor CD36. However, experiments performed with cells lacking CD36 showed that SCO‐1 was able to induce apoptosis also via alternative pathways. To gain some insight into the biological processes elicited by this compound, we undertook an unbiased genomic approach. Upon exposure of glioblastoma tumor initiating cells (GBM TICs) to SCO‐1 for 24 h, we observed a deregulation of the genes belonging to the glutathione metabolism pathway and of those belonging to the biological processes related to the response to stress and to chemical stimulus. On this basis, we hypothesized that the SCO‐1 killing effect could result from the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria. This hypothesis was confirmed by flow cytometry using MitoSOX, a mitochondria‐selective fluorescent reporter of ROS, and by the ability of N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) to inhibit apoptosis when co‐administered with SOC‐1 to the GBM TICs. We further show that NAC also protects other cell types such as HeLa, MG‐63, and COS‐7 from apoptosis. We therefore propose that ROS production is the major molecular mechanism responsible for the pro‐apoptotic effect induced by SCO‐1. Consequently, SCO‐1 may have a potential therapeutic value, which deserves further investigation in animal models. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1149–1159, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of parenting among economically disadvantaged latina mothers: mediating and moderating factors
Authors: Prelow Hazel M. , Weaver Scott R. , Bowman Marvella A. , Swenson Rebecca R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStructural equation modeling was used to examine the role of ecological risk factors, maternal psychological distress, and social network support on the parenting behaviors of 535 economically disadvantaged Latina mothers, who were surveyed for the Welfare Children, & Families: A Three City Study. We predicted that ecological risk would influence mothers' parenting through their psychological distress but that social support would buffer the effects of ecological risk on mothers' depressive symptoms. As predicted, ecological risk was associated with higher contemporaneous psychological distress, which, in turn, predicted lower positive parenting behaviors approximately 18 months later. Social network support buffered the impact of the ecological risk on mothers' symptoms of psychological distress and, thereby, also buffered its indirect effect on parenting behaviors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Up‐regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related genes during the early phase of treatment of cultured cortical neurons by the proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin
Authors: Choy Meng Shyan , Chen Minghui Jessica , Manikandan Jayapal , Peng Zhao Feng , Jenner Andrew M. , Melendez Alirio J. , Cheung Nam Sang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInhibition of proteasome degradation pathway has been implicated in neuronal cell death leading to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. We and others demonstrated that treatment of cortical neurons with the proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin leads to apoptosis. We discovered by microarray analysis that lactacystin treatment modulates the expression of both potentially neuroprotective as well as pro‐apoptotic genes in neurons. However, the significance of the genes which upon transcriptional modulation contributed to proteasomal inhibition‐induced apoptosis, remained unidentified. By employing microarray analysis to decipher the time‐dependent changes in transcription of these genes in cultured cortical neurons, we discovered different groups of genes were transcriptionally regulated in the early and late phase of lactacystin‐induced cell death. In the early phase, several neuroprotective genes such as those encoding the proteasome subunits and ubiquitin‐associated enzymes, as well as the heat‐shock proteins (HSP) were up‐regulated. However, the pro‐apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐associated genes were also up‐regulated at the early phase of lactacystin‐induced neuronal cell death. In the late phase, genes encoding antioxidants and calcium‐binding proteins were up‐regulated while those associated with cholesterol biosynthesis were down‐regulated. The data suggest that ER stress may participate in mediating the apoptotic responses induced by proteasomal inhibition. The up‐regulation of the neuroprotective antioxidant genes and calcium‐binding protein genes and down‐regulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis genes in the later phase are likely consequences of stimulation of the pro‐apoptotic signaling pathways in the early phase of lactacystin treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 494–510, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down‐regulation of Orai3 arrests cell‐cycle progression and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells but not in normal breast epithelial cells
Authors: Faouzi Malika , Hague Frederic , Potier Marie , Ahidouch Ahmed , Sevestre Henri , Ouadid‐Ahidouch Halima 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer in the world in terms of incidence and mortality in women. However, the mechanism by which BC develops remains largely unknown. The increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ can result in different physiological changes including cell growth and death. Orai isoforms are highly Ca2+ selective channels. In the present study, we analyzed Orai3 expression in normal and cancerous breast tissue samples, and its role in MCF‐7 BC and normal MCF‐10A mammary epithelial cell lines. We found that the expression of Orai3 mRNAs was higher in BC tissues and MCF‐7 cells than in normal tissues and MCF‐10A cells. Down‐regulation of Orai3 by siRNA inhibited MCF‐7 cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at G1 phase. This phenomenon is associated with a reduction in CDKs 4/2 (cyclin‐dependent kinases) and cyclins E and D1 expression and an accumulation of p21Waf1/Cip1 (a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor) and p53 (a tumor‐suppressing protein). Orai3 was also involved in MCF‐7 cell survival. Furthermore, Orai3 mediated Ca2+ entry and contributed to intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). In MCF‐10A cells, silencing Orai3 failed to modify [Ca2+]i, cell proliferation, cell‐cycle progression, cyclins (D1, E), CDKs (4, 2), and p21Waf1/Cip1 expression. Our results provide strong evidence for a significant effect of Orai3 on BC cell growth in vitro and show that this effect is associated with the induction of cell cycle and apoptosis resistance. Our study highlights a possible role of Orai3 as therapeutic target in BC therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 542–551, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of carboxyalkylation of branched polyethylenimine on effectiveness in small interfering RNA delivery
Authors: Oskuee Reza K. , Philipp Alexander , Dehshahri Ali , Wagner Ernst , Ramezani Mohammad 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundCarboxyalkylation of branched 25 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) was considered to reduce the positive surface charge of the polymer without reducing its ‘proton sponge’ buffering capacity, and to provide alkylene domains for hydrophobic interactions, thus generating optimized novel PEI carriers for efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA).MethodsSubstitution of PEI was evaluated in the range of 6 to > 50 mole percentage of primary amines. Additionally, variation of the carboxyalkyl chain (one to 15 methylene groups) was explored to modulate the carrier hydrophobicity. Carriers were characterized in their buffering capacity, capability of siRNA polyplex formation, and cytotoxicity. Marker gene‐silencing efficacy was evaluated using Neuro2A‐eGFPLuc neuroblastoma cells.ResultsCarboxyalkylation strongly reduced cytotoxicity of PEI and improved siRNA mediated luciferase gene knockdown. An optimum silencing activity was observed at an alkylcarboxylation degree of 6–9 mole percentage of primary amines and with a broad range of carboxyalkylene chains (containing one to 15 methylene groups). Strongly enhanced gene‐silencing efficacy also was observed when the biocompatible polymers were separately added at 1 h after transfection with tolerated doses of standard PEI25/siRNA polyplexes.ConclusionsCarboxyalkylation of branched 25 kDa PEI resulted in polymers with strongly reduced cytotoxicity and improved silencing efficacy. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the presence of a surplus of free carboxyalkylated polymer is responsible for the improved siRNA delivery. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of a temperature‐controlled diffusion phantom for quality control of diffusion measurements
Authors: Reischauer Carolin , Staempfli Philipp , Jaermann Thomas , Boesiger Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo construct a temperature‐controlled diffusion phantom with known diffusion properties and geometry in order to facilitate the comparison and optimization of diffusion sequences with the objective of increasing the precision of experimentally derived diffusion parameters.Materials and MethodsA temperature‐stabilized diffusion phantom made up of two crossing strands of hydrophobic polyethylene fibers was constructed. Reproducibility and temperature dependence of several diffusion parameters was investigated and compared with computer simulations. Furthermore, in order to stimulate actual use, the precision of measurement of different diffusion‐encoding schemes was compared using bootstrap analysis.ResultsThe measured values of the diffusion parameters are highly reproducible and feature strong temperature dependence which is reproduced in simulations, underlining the necessity of a temperature‐stabilized environment for quality control. The exemplary application presented here demonstrates that the phantom allows comparing and optimizing different diffusion sequences with regard to their measurement precision.ConclusionThe present work demonstrates that the diffusion phantom facilitates and improves the comparison and quality control of diffusion sequences and the ensuing parameters. The results show that an accurate temperature control is a vital prerequisite for highly reproducible calibration measurements. As such, the phantom might provide a valuable calibration tool for clinical studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:692–698. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion‐weighted MRI of hepatic tumor in rats: Comparison between in vivo and postmortem imaging acquisitions
Authors: Sun Xihe , Wang Huaijun , Chen Feng , De Keyzer Frederik , Yu Jie , Jiang Yansheng , Feng Yuanbo , Li Junjie , Marchal Guy , Ni Yicheng 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine the feasibility of in vivo diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) to distinguish between normal liver, viable tumor and necrosis compared to postmortem DWI in a rat model with vascular‐targeting treatment.Materials and MethodsFifteen rats with liver implantation of 30 rhabdomyosarcomas were treated with combretastatin A‐4‐phosphate (CA4P) at 10 mg/kg. Two days after treatment, T2‐weighted imaging, precontrast T1‐weighted imaging, postcontrast T1‐weighted imaging, and DWI were performed in vivo and postmortem with a 1.5T scanner. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) calculated from DWIs with b values of 0, 50, and 100 seconds/mm2 (ADClow), 500, 750, and 1000 seconds/mm2 (ADChigh), 0, 500, and 1000 seconds/mm2 (ADC3b), and 0–1000 seconds/mm2 (ADC10b) for tumor, liver, therapeutic necrosis, and phantoms were compared and validated with ex vivo microangiographic and histopathologic findings.ResultsExcept ADClow between tumor and necrosis, in vivo ADCs successfully differentiated liver, viable tumor, and necrosis (P < 0.05). Compared to in vivo outcomes, postmortem ADCs significantly dropped in tumor and liver (P < 0.05) except ADChigh of tumor, but not in necrosis and phantoms. Compared to ADClow, ADChigh was less affected by vital status.ConclusionAdvantageous over postmortem DWI, in vivo DWI provides a noninvasive easy‐performing tool for distinguishing between liver, viable tumor, and necrosis. ADClow and ADChigh better reflect tissue perfusion and water diffusion, respectively. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:621–628. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The nature and origin of fissures in the East Anglian Coralline and Red Crags
Authors: Balson P. S. , Humphreys B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVertical or inclined planar fissures that may for the most part be classified as joints are commonly seen in exposures of both the Coralline and Red Crag in East Anglia. Measurements of fissure orientation reveal orthogonal patterns of alignment in both formations. The field relations of the fissures to the host Crag sediment suggest a tectonic rather than periglacial origin. It is proposed that the fissure system is the product of early Pleistocene tectonic flexuring in the area, on the western margin of the subsiding southern North Sea basin.
Isolated laryngeal myokymia: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Sedgh Jacob , Statham Melissa M. , Munin Michael C. , Small George , Rosen Clark A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMyokymia is an uncommon neuromuscular disorder that rarely affects the human larynx. No previous reports of isolated laryngeal myokymia are present in the literature, and as such, established treatment protocols are lacking. We report the first case of isolated laryngeal myokymia in a 48‐year‐old woman with no other neurological findings, and our successful results in initial treatment and maintenance therapy with focal intralaryngeal injections of botulinum toxin A. Laryngoscope, 2010
Tonsillectomy in children: A five‐factor analysis among three techniques—Reporting upon clinical results, anesthesia time, surgery time, bleeding, and cost
Authors: D'Eredità Riccardo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives:Improved technology claims better clinical results for adenotonsillectomy (T&A) in children, and promoters of each technique announce many virtues over one another, year after year. However, cost remains one variable that is not always thoroughly addressed. In this study, monopolar cautery (MPC) T&A was compared with coblation (CAT) and molecular resonance (MR) techniques in a pediatric population.Study Design:Prospective analysis of 96 patients (32 for each surgical modality: MPC, MR, or CAT).Setting:Tertiary care pediatric institution.Subjects and Methods:Clinical results, anesthesia and surgery time, bleeding, and cost among these three established techniques were compared. P‐values of P < .05 were considered significant for all comparisons.Results:The CAT and MPC had similar operative times (mean 19.2 and 21.1 minutes, respectively, P = NS), whereas the MR group had overall saving of 7.8 minutes in surgery (P < .05). In terms of cost of technology, the cost of the MPC and MR groups was 90.6% and 83.7% less than the CAT group, respectively.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that MR technique of T&A enabled the surgical team to save a significant amount of time, whereas CAT added substantial costs, compared to MR and standard cautery techniques. Laryngoscope, 120:2502–2507, 2010
Nano‐Level Mixing of ZnO into Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Agrawal Mukesh , Gupta Smrati , Zafeiropoulos Nikolaos E. , Oertel Ulrich , Häßler Rudiger , Stamm Manfred 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA simple, facile and versatile approach is presented for the preparation of PMMA/ZnO nanocomposite materials, which possess high transparency, no color, good thermal stability, UV absorption and improved mechanical properties. The employed process involved mixing of ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in DMAc with the PMMA matrix dissolved in the same solvent. The effect of ZnO content on the physical properties of the PMMA matrix is studied. A significant improvement in mechanical properties was observed with the incorporation of 0.5 wt.‐% ZnO particles. The beauty of the described approach lies in the fact that despite being a simple and facile approach, it offers nano‐level (2–5 nm) mixing of ZnO nanoparticles into a polymer matrix.magnified image
Multiple system atrophy is associated with changes in peripheral insulin‐like growth factor system
Authors: Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Pivonello Rosario , Longo Katia , Manfredi Michela , Tessitore Alessandro , Amboni Marianna , Pivonello Claudia , Rocco Mariangela , Cozzolino Autilia , Colao Annamaria , Barone Paolo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factors (IGF‐I and IGF‐II) have been shown to have several neurotrophic actions and IGF system may be impaired in neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the IGF system in patients with MSA and to evaluate correlations between this endocrine system and clinical features of the disease. Serum levels of IGF‐I, IGF‐II, insulin, IGF‐binding protein 1 (BP1), and IGF‐binding protein 3 (BP3) were measured in 25 patients with probable MSA and 25 age, sex and BMI‐matched healthy controls. Clinical status of each patient was evaluated with the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) Part II and the Hoehn and Yahr rating scale. IGF‐I levels were significantly higher in MSA (164.1 + 66.2 μg/L) than in healthy controls (111.7 + 60.3 μg/L; p = 0.001). Insulin levels were significantly higher in MSA patients (21.9 ± 14.4 μU/mL) than in healthy controls (13.3 ± 5.1 μU/mL, p = 0.048). No significant difference was found in serum IGF‐II, IGF‐BP1, and IGF‐ BP3 levels between patients with MSA and healthy controls. There was a trend toward significantly higher IGF‐II levels in MSA patients with UMSARS score <26 (1026.3 ± 442.6 μg/L) than MSA patients with UMSARS score >26 (796.1 ± 234 μg/L, p = 0.055). The results of this study demonstrated that IGF system is altered in MSA. The degenerative process in MSA could lead to a compensatory increase in IGF‐I and insulin in an attempt to provide additional support to degenerating neurons. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
The METEOR study of diabetes and other metabolic disorders in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic drugs. I. Methodology
Authors: De Hert Marc , Mauri Mauro , Shaw Ken , Wetterling Tilman , Doble Adam , Giudicelli Agnès , Falissard Bruno 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPatients with schizophrenia present a two‐ to three‐fold higher prevalence of diabetes, of metabolic syndrome and of cardiovascular morbidity. The reason for this increased prevalence may involve intrinsic vulnerability, lifestyle factors and iatrogenic effects of antipsychotic drugs. The objective of this multinational, cross‐sectional, pharmacoepidemiological study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes, lipid disorders, obesity, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic drugs. Particular attention was taken to acquire data on a wide a range as possible of demographic, clinical and lifestyle variables that may influence the risk of metabolic disorders, which were taken into account in the calculation of prevalence data by propensity scoring. The study included 2270 subjects from 16 European countries, predominantly from Central and Eastern Europe. The proportion of subjects presenting the pathologies of interest was relatively high, ranging from 28% for glycaemic disorders to 70% for lipid disorders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.