bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SED-ED, a workflow editor for computational biology experiments written in SED-ML
Authors: Adams Richard R. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Summary: The simulation experiment description markup language (SED-ML) is a new community data standard to encode computational biology experiments in a computer-readable XML format. Its widespread adoption will require the development of software support to work with SED-ML files. Here, we describe a software tool, SED-ED, to view, edit, validate and annotate SED-ML documents while shielding end-users from the underlying XML representation. SED-ED supports modellers who wish to create, understand and further develop a simulation description provided in SED-ML format.
Availability and implementation: SED-ED is available as a standalone Java application, as an Eclipse plug-in and as an SBSI (www.sbsi.ed.ac.uk) plug-in, all under an MIT open-source license. Source code is at https://sed-ed-sedmleditor.googlecode.com/svn. The application itself is available from https://sourceforge.net/projects/jlibsedml/files/SED-ED/
Contact: richard.adams@ed.ac.uk
The impact of preprinted prescription forms on medication prescribing errors in an ophthalmology clinic in northeast Thailand: a non-randomised interventional study
Authors: Sanguansak Thuss , Morley Michael G , Yospaiboon Yosanan , Lorch Alice , Hedt Bethany , Morley Katharine 
Published: February 2012

ObjectivesTo understand the incidence and types of medication prescribing errors in a low resource setting ophthalmology clinic and to determine the impact of a preprinted prescription based on the hospital formulary (FormularyScript) on medication prescribing errors.DesignNon-randomised interventional study.SettingOphthalmology clinic in a teaching hospital in northeast Thailand.Participants4349 handwritten prescriptions collected from October 2009 to December 2009, and 4146 FormularyScripts collected from February 2010 to May 2010.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAll prescriptions from the handwritten and FormularyScript groups were analysed for medication error rates by types (legibility, ambiguous, incomplete, abbreviation and accuracy) and subtypes (drug name, strength, which eye, route and dispensed amount).ResultsComparison of error rates in the two groups showed a 10-fold reduction in the overall error rate using FormularyScript (32.9%–3.5%, p<0.001). FormularyScripts were associated with statistically significant (p<0.001) decreases in the following error types: legibility (16.1%–0.1%), incomplete (16.1%–0.1%) and abbreviation (3.1%–0.3%). There was no statistically significant change in accuracy errors (0.8%–0.6%, p=0.21). Ambiguous errors increased with FormularyScripts (0.6%–2.5%, p<0.001), likely due to the introduction of new ways to make errors. Decreases were seen in all legibility, abbreviation and accuracy error subtypes, and four out of six incomplete error subtypes. There were statistically significant increases in both ambiguous error subtypes: which eye (0.3%–2.5%, p<0.001) and drug name (0.3%–0.6%, p=0.03).ConclusionsIn our study population, outpatient medication prescribing errors were common and primarily due to legibility and incomplete error types. A preprinted prescription form has the potential to decrease medication prescribing errors related to legibility, incomplete prescribing information and use of unacceptable abbreviations without changing the overall rate of accuracy errors. However, new error types can occur.
Nanoparticle manipulation by thermal gradient
Authors: Wei Ning , Wang Hui-Qiong , Zheng Jin-Cheng 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A method was proposed to manipulate nanoparticles through a thermal gradient. The motion of a fullerene molecule enclosed inside a (10, 10) carbon nanotube with a thermal gradient was studied by molecular dynamics simulations. We created a one-dimensional potential valley by imposing a symmetrical thermal gradient inside the nanotube. When the temperature gradient was large enough, the fullerene sank into the valley and became trapped. The escaping velocities of the fullerene were evaluated based on the relationship between thermal gradient and thermophoretic force. We then introduced a new way to manipulate the position of nanoparticles by translating the position of thermostats with desirable thermal gradients. Compared to nanomanipulation using a scanning tunneling microscope or an atomic force microscope, our method for nanomanipulation has a great advantage by not requiring a direct contact between the probe and the object.
Preparation and properties of carbon black filled EPDM/POE thermaplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Lv Xiu Feng , Zhang Bao Sheng , Qiu Gui Xue 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTPVs filled with different amounts (0–50 phr) of carbon black were prepared via melt mixing by dynamic vulcanization in Haake plasticorder at 150°C and 40rpm and then the properties of them were studied. Torque‐time curves showed that the curing degree reached a biggest value at 10 phr and then decreased with the increase of filling content while the curing rate was always rising. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, modulus as well as hardness increased with the increment of carbon black content while the tension set at break was reduced dramatically. Two phase morphology was observed by SEM photographs and the effect of carbon black on curing extent was testified. To illuminate the effect of carbon black, curometer curves and carbon black dispersion pictures were also analyzed. Rubber processing analyzer (RPA) experiments proved that there was a progressive nonlinear behavior, which was more and more clearly expressed with the increment of carbon black content and could be explained via the Payne effect. But the TPVs containing highest carbon black exhibited the fastest drop of G′ with increasing strain amplitude as obtained from the value of G0′ − G∞′. The order of tanδ at different carbon black content was tanδ (10 phr) < tanδ (0 phr) < tanδ (30 phr) < tanδ (50 phr) at lower strain amplitude. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Miscibility and specific interactions in blends of poly(4‐vinylphenol‐co‐methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Belabed Ch. , Benabdelghani Z. , Granado A. , Etxeberria A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe miscibility and phase behavior of poly(4‐vinylphenol‐co‐methyl methacrylate) (PVPhMMA50) containing 50% of methyl methacrylate with random copolymers of poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine) (PS4VPy) containing 5, 15, 30, 40, and 100% of 4‐vinylpyridine, respectively, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that for a composition of 4‐vinylpyridine less than 30%, all blends of PVPhMMA50/PS4VPy are immiscible, characterized by the apparition of two glass transitions (Tg) over their entire composition range. However, above this composition, a single Tg has been observed in all the blends of PVPhMMA50 and PS4VPy. When the amount of vinylpyridine exceeds to 40% in PS4VPy, the obtained Tgs of PVPhMMA50/PS4VPy blends were found to be significantly higher than those observed for each individual component of the mixture indicating that these blends are able to form interpolymer complexes. FTIR analysis reveals the existence of preferential specific interactions via hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl and pyridyl groups and intensifies when the amount of 4VPy is increased in PS4VPy copolymers. Furthermore, the quantitative FTIR study carried out for PVPhMMA50/PS4VPy blends was also performed for the vinylphenol and vinylpyridine functional groups. These results were also confirmed by SEM study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase onto amine‐functionalized PVC membranes for 6‐APA production from penicillin hydrolysis process. II. Enzyme immobilization and characterization
Authors: Mohy Eldin M. S. , El Enshasy H. A. , Hassan M. E. , Haroun B. , Hassan E. A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article describes the covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA) onto glutaraldehyde‐activated NH2‐PVC membranes. The immobilized enzyme was used for 6‐aminopenicillanic acid production from penicillin hydrolysis. Parameters affecting the immobilization process, which affecting the catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme, such as enzyme concentration, immobilization's time and temperature were investigated. Enzyme concentration and immobilization's time were found of determine effect. Higher activity was obtained through performing enzyme immobilization at room temperature. Both optimum temperature (35°C) and pH (8.0) of immobilized enzyme have not been altered upon immobilization. However, immobilized enzyme acquires stability against changes in the substrate's pH and temperature values especially in the higher temperature region and lower pH region. The residual relative activities after incubation at 60°C were more than 75% compared to 45% for free enzyme and above 50% compared to 20% for free enzyme after incubation at pH 4.5. The apparent kinetic parameters KM and VM were determined. KM of the immobilized PGA (125.8 mM) was higher than that of the free enzyme (5.4 mM), indicating a lower substrate affinity of the immobilized PGA. Operational stability for immobilized PGA was monitored over 21 repeated cycles. The catalytic membranes were retained up to 40% of its initial activity after 10.5 working h. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Cholesteric monomer and elastomers containing menthyl groups: Synthesis and phase behavior
Authors: Hu Jian‐She , Li Dan , Meng Qing‐Bao , Yao Dan‐Shu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of a new cholesteric monomer (MLC) containing menthyl groups and a series of cholesteric elastomers (LCE1−LCE4) is described. Their chemical structures and purity were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and elemental analyses. The phase behavior and thermal stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. By inserting a flexible spacer between the mesogenic core and the terminal menthyl groups, mesomorphism of MLC was realized. LCE1−LCE4 with low content of crosslinking unit exhibited cholesteric phase because of the introduction of the nematic crosslinking unit. This indicates that low levels of chemical crosslinking do not significantly affect the phase behavior and mesomorphism of the elastomers, and reversible mesophase transitions can be observed. In addition, with increasing the content of crosslinking unit, the corresponding Tg decreased for LCE1−LCE4, whereas their Ti did not remarkable change. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Accelerated and real‐time creep and creep‐rupture results for aramid fibers
Authors: Giannopoulos Ioannis P. , Burgoyne Chris J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article presents results from conventional creep tests (CCT) and two accelerated test methods (the stepped isothermal method (SIM) and the stepped isostress method (SSM)) to determine the creep and creep‐rupture behavior of two different aramid fibers, Kevlar 49 and Technora. CCT are regarded as the true behavior of the yarn, but they are impractical for long‐term use where failures are expected only after many years. All the tests were carried out on the same batches of yarns, and using the same clamping arrangements, so the tests should be directly comparable. For both materials, SIM testing gives good agreement with CCT and gave stress‐rupture lifetimes that followed the same trend. However, there was significant variation for SSM testing, especially when testing Technora fibers. The results indicate that Kevlar has a creep strain capacity that is almost independent of stress, whereas Technora shows a creep strain capacity that depends on stress. Its creep strain capacity is approximately two to three times that of Kevlar 49. The accelerated test methods give indirect estimates for the activation energy and the activation volume of the fibers. The activation energy for Technora is about 20% higher than that for Kevlar, meaning that it is less sensitive to the effects of increasing temperature. The activation volume for both materials was similar, and in both cases, stress dependent. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Prognostic factors for survival following emergency Hartmann's procedure
Authors: Harries Rhiannon L , Twine Chris P , Kugathasan Gana , Young Holly , Jones Evelyn , Gomez Kelvin F 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroductionPatients presenting with peritonitis require rapid treatment initiation including laparotomy. In the older population, this often leads to Hartmann's procedure being performed. The decision to perform surgery may be a difficult, multidisciplinary decision balancing premorbid comorbidity and quality of life with knowledge of the postoperative outcome. However, the evidence for survival outcome of emergency surgery based on age is lacking. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the survival implication of age and other prognostic factors on the outcome after Hartmann's procedure.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data of all patients undergoing emergency (National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death category 1–3) Hartmann's procedure in one NHS Health Board over a 5-year period.Results129 patients underwent Hartmann's procedure between November 2004 and November 2009. The largest group, 61 patients (47.3%) had the procedure performed for perforated sigmoid diverticular disease. When examined at 5-year stratifications around the median, the most significant survival difference was seen at the age of 75 years (log rank χ2 11.246, p=0.001). Patients over 75 years had median survival significantly lower than those aged &lt;75 years (p&lt;0.001). However, Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status and haemoglobin were more significant independent predictors of mortality than this age strata (p=0.001 and 0.045 vs 0.660, respectively), adjusting for diagnosis.DiscussionASA grade and common blood abnormalities were more predictive of mortality after Hartmann's procedure than the most significant age stratification. Furthermore, age was not independently associated with survival. It would therefore be unreasonable to refuse Hartmann's procedure based on an age alone.
Combination of Pan-Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor and Autophagy Inhibitor Exerts Superior Efficacy against Triple-Negative Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Rao Rekha , Balusu Ramesh , Fiskus Warren , Mudunuru Uma , Venkannagari Sreedhar , Chauhan Lata , Smith Jacqueline E. , Hembruff Stacey L. , Ha Kyungsoo , Atadja Peter , Bhalla Kapil N. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDI) induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis, while promoting autophagy, which promotes cancer cell survival when apoptosis is compromised. Here, we determined the in vitro and in vivo activity of the combination of the pan-HDI panobinostat and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine against human estrogen/progesterone receptor and HER2 (triple)-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Treatment of MB-231 and SUM159PT cells with panobinostat disrupted the hsp90/histone deacetylase 6/HSF1/p97 complex, resulting in the upregulation of hsp. This was accompanied by the induction of enhanced autophagic flux as evidenced by increased expression of LC3B-II and the degradation of the autophagic substrate p62. Treatment with panobinostat also induced the accumulation and colocalization of p62 with LC3B-II in cytosolic foci as evidenced by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. Inhibition of panobinostat-induced autophagic flux by chloroquine markedly induced the accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins and p62, caused synergistic cell death of MB-231 and SUM159PT cells, and inhibited mammosphere formation in MB-231 cells, compared with treatment with each agent alone. Finally, in mouse mammary fat pad xenografts of MB-231 cells, a tumor size–dependent induction of heat shock response, ER stress and autophagy were observed. Cotreatment with panobinostat and chloroquine resulted in reduced tumor burden and increased the survival of MB-231 breast cancer xenografts. Collectively, our findings show that cotreatment with an autophagy inhibitor and pan-HDI, for example, chloroquine and panobinostat results in accumulation of toxic polyubiquitylated proteins, exerts superior inhibitory effects on TNBC cell growth, and increases the survival of TNBC xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(4); 973–83. ©2012 AACR.
Carving Content at the Joints
Authors: Yablo Stephen 
Published: February 2012

Here is Frege in Foundations of Arithmetic, §64:The judgment ‘Line a is parallel to line b', in symbols: a | | b, can be taken as an identity. If we do this, we obtain the concept of direction, and say: ‘The direction of line a is equal to the direction of line b.’ Thus we replace the symbol | | by the more generic symbol =, through removing what is specific in the content of the former and dividing it between a and b. We carve up the content in a way different from the original way, and this yields us a new concept. (Frege 1997, 110-11)
La réflexion autour de la ponctuation dans l'Antiquité gréco-latine
Authors: Poccetti Paolo 
Published: February 2012

Au sein des langues classiques mêmes s’est développée une réflexion sur la ponctuation relative à la spécificité de l’écriture et à son rapport avec l’oral. La notion-clé est celle de « distinguer » (?????ß???? en grec, distinguere en latin). Entre autres signes, le point – déjà de plus en plus important chez les Grecs – devient essentiel chez les Romains ( interpungere comme doublon terminologique). Sans être dénommée, la ponctuation « blanche » était aussi employée à côté de la « noire ». Les marques de ponctuation, appliquées à l’édition des textes littéraires et à l’épigraphie, se manifestent dans les textes poétiques d’une manière plus précoce et soigneuse qu’en prose.
Propuesta metodológica para el análisis de las tecnologías de participación en cibermedios
Authors: Sánchez González María , Alonso Jaime 
Published: February 2012

El presente artículo recoge los resultados del análisis de los mecanismos de participación, en especial los basados en tecnologías y aplicaciones de la web 2.0, sobre una muestra de catorce casos relevantes de cibermedios españoles, tanto ediciones digitales de diarios como portales de radios y televisiones. Dicho análisis ha sido efectuado durante octubre y noviembre de 2010 en el marco del subproyecto de investigación La evolución de los cibermedios en el marco de la convergencia digital. Tecnología y distribución. Previa realización de una taxonomía de posibles mecanismos de participación, distinguiendo entre los imbricados en sus secciones informativas y los que conforman espacios con entidad propia, se estudian además los mecanismos de gestión puestos en marcha, según las funciones que el medio les asigna. Se trata, además de establecer una comparativa entre los distintos cibermedios, de describir ejemplos y tendencias en el ámbito de la participación.
The effect of titania content on the physical properties of polyimide/titania nanohybrid films
Authors: Kızılkaya Canan , Dumludağ Fatih , Karataş Sevim , Apohan Nilhan Kayaman , Altındal Ahmet , Güngör Atilla 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this study, a series of PI/TiO2 nanohybrid materials were prepared from polyamic acid of 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride/3,3′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone, and titania precursor by the sol‐gel method. The titania content in the hybrid system was varied from 0 to 5 wt %. The physical and mechanical properties of the hybrids such as refractive index, optical transmission, and tensile strength were investigated. It was determined that incorporation of titania precursor into the PI matrix improved the refractive indices and tensile modulus of the hybrid films. It was observed that the optical transmittance and tensile strength of the nanohybrids were slightly decreased with the increasing titania content. It was determined that the hybrid films might have enhanced the UV shielding properties compare to the PI films. Furhermore, the hybrid materials showed better thermal stability than the PI. SEM studies demonstrated that titania particles (1 and 3 wt %) were distributed homogeneously through the PI matrix. The effect of the titania content in the PI on DC conductivity and dielectric constant were also analyzed. For the PI film containing 5 wt % titania, activation energy value increased to 1.0 eV from the value of 0.65 eV. DC conductivity value of the films depending on titania content varied between 3.0 × 10−11 and 1.4 × 10−10 S/cm at room temperature. Relative dielectric constants of the films were calculated from capacitance measurements depending on frequency (40–100 kHz) at different temperatures (303–360 K). The values increased with the increasing titania content. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization of HDPE composites containing multilayer carton scraps as filler
Authors: Di Lorenzo Maria Laura , Avella Maurizio , Avolio Roberto , Bonadies Irene , Carfagna Cosimo , Cocca Mariacristina , Errico Maria Emanuela , Gentile Gennaro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe influence of multilayer carton scraps (MC) on crystallization kinetics of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) is detailed in this contribution. HDPE/MC composites were prepared by melt mixing, and a maleated linear low density polyethylene (MAPE) was added as compatibilizer. The crystallization kinetics of HDPE/MC/MAPE was analyzed as function of composition both in isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. The multilayer carton scraps appear to promote the onset of crystallization of HDPE, acting as efficient nucleating agent. The presence of MAPE as compatibilizer slightly reduces the nucleating efficiency of MC: the compatibilizer induces a delay in the onset of crystallization, caused by the need to exclude the bulky pendant groups of maleated linear low‐density polyethylene from the crystals, as HDPE and MAPE chains cocrystallize. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Novel in situ synthesis in the preparation of ultraviolet‐curable nanocomposite barrier coatings
Authors: Pavlacky Erin , Ravindran Neena , Webster Dean C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUltraviolet‐curable nanocomposites containing organically modified nanoclays were prepared to serve as barrier coatings against oxygen and water permeation. A novel in situ synthesis technique was used to produce well‐dispersed clays in an unsaturated polyester polymer before crosslinking. The in situ dispersion route was compared with nanocomposites prepared by mixing and sonication for several levels of nanoclay loading (1, 2, 5, and 10 wt %). The comparison of nanocomposite properties prepared from each processing method demonstrated that the in situ preparation technique led to better clay dispersion as verified by transmission electron microscopy. The in situ route for nanoclay dispersion produced nanocomposites with lower water vapor transmission and permeability compared with the sonicated dispersion method. The impact on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and optical clarity of the nanocomposites were also compared. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012