bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvised Explosive Devices and Traumatic Brain Injury: The Military Experience In Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Wallace Duncan 
Published: December 2009

Objective: The current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have seen frequent use of improvised explosive devices resulting in thousands of casualties, with traumatic brain injuries particularly common. The recent literature is reviewed to provide information to clinicians on the management of this condition. Method: A Medline search from 2001–2008, using the terms Afghanistan, blast injury, improvised explosive devices, Iraq and traumatic brain injury, was performed. Results: The United States military experience predominates in the literature. The use of body armour and other advances has led to improved survival rates among blast injury victims. Resultant neuropsychiatric injuries, in particular traumatic brain injuries, are discussed. There is debate about the prevalence of traumatic brain injuries. The diagnosis, management, relationship with posttraumatic stress disorder and prognosis of traumatic brain injury are reviewed. Conclusions: Traumatic brain injury has been described as the ‘signature wound’ of the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. While this term is highly debatable and probably unhelpful, clinicians need to know about this condition to provide the best management.
Partnerships Between Academic Psychiatry and the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Lilly MAP Initiative
Authors: Singh Bruce , Copolov David , Grainger David , Goh Joyce 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To examine the relationship between academic psychiatry and the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on a partnership between academics in Melbourne and Eli Lilly and Company (Lilly Melbourne Academic Psychiatry). Conclusions: Relationships between the pharmaceutical industry and the medical profession (including psychiatry) are under scrutiny as never before. Despite the complex nature of the relationship, the present paper argues that partnerships with external corporations such as pharmaceutical companies are of increasing importance for academic departments of psychiatry and research institutes, in environments in which core funding for tertiary institutes is being reduced. The partnership between Melbourne psychiatric academics and Eli Lilly and Company shows that benefits accrue to both parties, and suggests that there is a worthwhile place for other industry-academic collaborations of a similar nature in Australia.
Dissociative Disorders: A Personal ‘Work in Progress’
Authors: Middleton Warwick 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To identify the core issues contained within the dissociative disorders literature, and synthesize them into a non-polarized, inclusive perspective that emphasizes logic, core psychological principles and mutual professional respect. Conclusions: A large percentage of all psychiatric patients are traumatized in clinically significant manners. Dissociation, in all its variants, represents a psychological mechanism for the victim of trauma to defend him/herself from being overwhelmed. Debates regarding the validity of dissociative disorders need to be viewed in the context of society's countertransference to trauma, in the context of health professionals feeling vulnerable to controversy, and in terms of their own experience of trauma.
Psychiatry and Islam
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Pasha Mohamed Iqbal 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To explore psychiatry in Islam, with a view to informing Western psychiatrists working with Islamic patients, and Islamic medical students studying in Western countries. Methods: The first necessary step was to acquire some understanding of Islam, Sharia and Sharia law, as the basis on which the available psychiatric literature was considered. Standard textbooks on Islam and Englishlanguage papers in the psychiatric literature were examined. Discussions with knowledgeable Muslim people were conducted. Results: Islam shares roots with the other Abrahamic, monotheistic religions: Judaism and Christianity. A central issues is unity: the unity of God, unity with God and unity within the Islamic community. Islam is more than a religion, because it informs all aspects of behaviour and has been described as ‘a comprehensive way of life’. Individualism is less important than the welfare of the community. The Sharia is a list of rules and regulations derived from authentic sources. Psychiatric services in Islam, according to Western standards, are somewhat limited. This issue is being addressed through epidemiological studies, provision of new services and policy development. Although mental health legislation is not universal, forensic psychiatry has a role, in many ways similar to that in the West. Conclusion: Islam is based on unity and core values of compassion, justice and benevolence. Islamic psychiatry has a proud early history, and advances are occurring. There is an opportunity for the profession of psychiatry to bridge religious, ethnic and cultural boundaries.
The National Health Performance Framework: An Evaluation Model for Use by Psychiatrists
Authors: Goh Joyce , Singh Bruce 
Published: December 2009

Objectives: To demonstrate the use of the National Health Performance Framework as an evaluation framework for clinical interventions and service outcomes in mental health Conclusions: Evaluation is not a complex process. What is required is a willingness to be accountable for outcomes of care. It does not require complex data systems but openness to scrutiny through reflective practices and a commitment to continue to explore the possibilities of making things better.
Redevelopment of a Consultation-Liaison Service at a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital
Authors: Harden Scott , Stathis Stephen , Wagner Ingrid 
Published: December 2009

Objective: This paper aims to describe the way a multidisciplinary team set out to redevelop a consultation–liaison (C-L) service at a tertiary paediatric hospital. Method: The activities and processes in which the team members engaged were documented within a continuous quality improvement cycle. These activities included literature review, analysis of referral patterns, consultation with extant services, survey of referral sources and consultation with other tertiary paediatricservices. Results: The outcomes of these initiatives were integrated into a re-formulated multidisciplinaryteam model dedicatedto providing C-L services to the paediatric hospital. Signi?cant challenges identi?ed in the initial process were ongoing issues with caseload management and clari?cation of boundary demarcations. Conclusion: There has been a gradual acceptance of the new C-L service by medical staff. The structure has resulted in a focused and coordinated C-L team that has contributed to innovations in the C-L process within the hospital.
Mental Health Policy Development: Case Study of Cambodia
Authors: Stockwell Alexis , Whiteford Harvey , Townsend Clare , Stewart Donald 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To identify key issues in the mental health policy development process in Cambodia that will contribute to an increased understanding of how mental health policy gets on the public policy agenda, how it stays there and why policy implementation fails or succeeds. The research was formative because mental health policy analysis is a young and newly emerging discipline. Method: A retrospective case study methodology was used to research the development of the draft Cambodian Mental Health Plan 2003–2022. Ten key informants involved in the policy development process were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire designed to collect qualitative data about the policy formation process, stakeholders and context. Results: The research identified key issues influencing mental health policy development. These are the need to include the Ministry of Health (MoH) in the development of mental health plans; the significance of timing; the usefulness of mental health plans; the impact of the post-conflict context on policy development; and the evolution of stakeholder groups and their need to learn how to debate the merits of mental health reform. Conclusions: The findings are formative given methodology limitations. However, important insight is provided into the dynamics of the policy development processes that occurred in Cambodia. This allows the generation of important hypotheses for future mental health policy process research in both Cambodia and other post-conflict developing countries.
Finding Freud: A Personal Tribute on the 150th Anniversary of Sigmund Freud's Birthday
Authors: Spielman Ron 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To briefly describe my own development from medical student, through junior resident and psychiatry registrar and finally qualified psychiatrist, to feeling the need to undertake psychoanalytic training in order to grapple with the complexities of treatment of personality disorders. Conclusions: My encounter with the concepts developed by the Viennese physician, Sigmund Freud, as represented by a number of significant teachers and clinicians was a formative experience in my early career. My subsequent development as a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst was highly influenced by the understandings of human mental development and function set in train by Freud's clinical findings and ground-breaking thinking in the early 20th century. It is hoped that registrars-in-training and young psychiatrists may be particularly interested in how things ‘once were’ in NSW Mental Health Services which permitted this course of development.
An Aged Persons Mental Health Service in Remote Victoria
Authors: George Kuruvilla , Bradshaw Leesa 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To describe an aged persons mental health service in the Sunraysia district in remote Victoria. Conclusion: The aged persons mental health community team undertakes the bulk of the service's work. The data for 2 years are presented and demonstrate how effective the team is. Good relationships and linkages have been built with the local hospital, general practitioners, aged residential care services and the local aged care assessment service. During the 2 year period, very few elderly patients were admitted to the inpatient psychiatric facility and patients suffering from dementia were rarely admitted.
The Black Dog Institute Depression Clinic: A Subtyping Model in Practice
Authors: Parker Gordon , Fletcher Kathryn , Barrett Melissa , Manicavasagar Vijaya 
Published: December 2009

Objective: The new Black Dog Institute Depression Clinic adopts a novel clinical service model that argues for the importance of clinically defining separate mood disorders in order to apply specific management strategies. This paper describes clinic nuances and the impact on diagnosis and management for the first 100 patients assessed. Method: Patients are assessed via a computerized structured self-report program, a semistructured interview undertaken by a psychiatrist and a colloquium involving several practitioners where diagnostic decisions are formulated. A detailed report with treatment recommendations, incorporating psychiatric and psychological perspectives, is sent to the referring clinician. Such data are examined in this report. Results: We offered a differing diagnostic and treatment paradigm for nearly 90% of those diagnosed with a primary mood disorder. Difficulties encountered by referring practitioners are highlighted and the need for an alternative diagnostic and management model is discussed. Conclusions: A subtyping diagnostic management model has the capacity to advance treatment outcome, but requires validation. Our future research will assess the comparative utility of the subtyping model in clinical and research arenas.
Prosecuting Psychiatric Patients who Assault Staff: A New Zealand Perspective
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Fischer Jesse , Ng Bradley , Clarke Sarah , Robinson Elizabeth 
Published: December 2009

Objectives: The prosecution of psychiatric inpatients for violent acts remains controversial but is increasingly considered as a management option for a minority of patients. Most of the literature so far has been based in North America. This study in a rural New Zealand psychiatric unit was undertaken to explore the rates, reasons and outcomes of referring psychiatric inpatients to the police for possible prosecution of violent acts committed while in hospital. Methods: Data were extracted retrospectively from the log of ward incident forms of the inpatient unit for the 24 months between July 2002 and June 2004 inclusive. Any incident fitting an operationalized definition of physical or verbal aggression was included in this study. The type, time, location and persons involved in each incident were recorded. Case files of all patients were used to extract information on diagnosis, treatment and further details of the incident. The details and outcome of each incident was individually verified with the local police department. Results: Data were available for 31 incidents. There were three cases of assault by three patients that resulted in police involvement, and one patient was convicted. Brief histories and descriptions of the incidents are provided. Conclusions: Despite an increasing awareness that prosecution of patients for violent acts is an option for psychiatric staff, such referrals to the police and subsequent convictions remain rare. In the absence of clear national policies, individual hospitals must be proactive in formulating flexible policies to address such incidents on a case by case basis.
To be the First Psychiatrist in the Solomon Islands
Authors: Orotoloa Paul , Williams Tony , De Moore Gregory 
Published: December 2009

Objective: Dr Paul Orotoloa is soon to become the first citizen from the Solomon Islands to complete psychiatry training. During this process, he has spent 12 months studying in Australia. This article retraces his training experiences in the Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Conclusion: Australian psychiatry has much to offer developing psychiatric services throughout the South Pacific and should continue to offer education and material support to those psychiatric trainees studying at the University of Papua New Guinea.
Suicide for Scrutinizers
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Ahmadi Jamshid , Evenhuis Michael 
Published: December 2009

Objectives: The aim is to present information which may be useful to those who scrutinize mental health professionals and systems in the aftermath of completed suicide. Conclusion: Suicide has been known in all cultures, throughout history, and may be committed in the absence of mental disorder. Risk factors for suicide are known but they are of limited clinical utility. Prediction and prevention of suicide are beyond current abilities. Criticism of mental health professionals and systems in the aftermath of suicide may be destructive and work to the disadvantage of patients.
Spirituality, Religion and Psychiatry: Its Application to Clinical Practice
Authors: D'souza Russell , George Kuruvilla 
Published: December 2009

Objective: Based on evidence obtained from recent Australian psychiatric patient surveys, a need to include the spiritual and religious dimension of patients in their psychiatric care has been identified. This paper aims to review the evidence for this need and to suggest the parameters in which this dimension might be applied. Methods: The phenomenology of spirituality and its relevance to psychiatry is considered, the concept of the psychiatrist and the clinician as a healer visited, and the evidence for the need for spirituality and religiosity for patients examined. Results: Patients’ spiritual needs should be addressed at different levels. Using previous data and experience, the authors suggest what psychiatrists might and might not do, in order that these issues are attended to in an ethical and sensitive manner. Conclusions: In considering the spiritual dimension of the patient, the psychiatrist is able to send an important message that he or she is concerned with the whole person, a message that enhances the patient–physician relationship. This, in turn, is likely to increase the therapeutic impact of psychiatrists’ interventions.
Salvage treatment for children with refractory first or second relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia with gemtuzumab ozogamicin: results of a phase II study
Authors: Zwaan Christian M. , Reinhardt Dirk , Zimmerman Martin , Hasle Henrik , Stary Jan , Stark Batia , Dworzak Michael , Creutzig Ursula , Kaspers Gertjan J.L. ,   on behalf of the International BFM Study Group on Paediatric AML
Published: December 2009

SummaryThe prognosis of children with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is poor, and new therapies are needed. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an anti‐CD33 antibody linked to the antitumor antibiotic calicheamicin. We conducted an investigator‐initiated phase II study with GO to assess its efficacy and safety, administering two dosages of 7·5 mg/m2 with a 14 d‐interval. Thirty children who were refractory to re‐induction at first relapse or suffered from second relapse of AML received a total of 64 infusions of GO. The response rate [complete remission (CR) and CR with insufficient platelet recovery] was 37%. Nine patients were subsequently transplanted (median time to transplant, 4 weeks, range 3–21 weeks), and three of these patients are currently in continuous CR with a median follow‐up of >3 years, and can considered to be cured. This resulted in a statistically significant survival advantage for children who responded to GO versus those who did not [27% (standard error 13%) vs. 0%, respectively, P = 0·001]. All other children died, mainly from progressive disease. The treatment was generally well tolerated by most patients. The frequency of transient transaminatis was low. All but one patient received defibrotide prophylaxis during the transplant procedure, and no cases of veno‐occlusive disease were noted. This study showed a favourable safety/efficacy profile of single‐agent GO in children with refractory first or second relapse of AML.
Temporal trends in the proportion cured among adults diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia in Sweden 1973–2001, a population‐based study
Authors: Andersson Therese M.‐L. , Lambert Paul C. , Derolf Åsa Rangert , Kristinsson Sigurdur Yngvi , Eloranta Sandra , Landgren Ola , Björkholm Magnus , Dickman Paul W. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryLarge age‐dependant differences in temporal trends in 1‐ and 5‐year relative survival have been observed in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in Sweden. This investigation used an alternative approach to studying patient survival that simultaneously estimated the proportion of patients cured from their cancer and the survival of the ‘uncured’. We conducted a population‐based study including 6439 AML patients aged 19–80 years in Sweden between 1973 and 2001. Mixture cure models were estimated, with age at diagnosis categorised (19–40, 41–60, 61–70 and 71–80) and year of diagnosis modelled using splines. In 1975 the cure proportion was ≤6% in all age groups and the median survival time for ‘uncured’ patients was <0·5 years. In 2000 the cure proportion was 68% (95% confidence interval 56–77%) in the youngest group, and 32% (25–39%), 8% (3–21%), and 4% (2–8%) in the other groups, respectively. The median survival times for ‘uncured’ were 0·74 (0·43–1·26), 0·71 (0·53–0·97), 0·69 (0·51–0·95) and 0·37 (0·31–0·44) years, respectively. A dramatic improvement in the cure proportion was seen in younger patients, whereas improvement in older ages was mainly within the survival of the ‘uncured’. This novel approach of analysing survival data could be a valuable tool for physicians, patients, health care planners and health economists.
Transcriptome analysis of the synganglion from the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Authors: Lees K. , Woods D. J. , Bowman A. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTick control strategies rely heavily on chemicals (acaricides), most of which target the central nervous system. With increasing resistance, new acaricides are urgently needed but knowledge of tick neurobiology is surprisingly limited, notably the number of neural‐specific gene sequences. One thousand and eight expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained from a normalized cDNA library from Rhipicephalus sanguineus synganglia. Putative functional identities were assigned to 44% whereas 34% were unknown/novel sequences. Of particular interest were ESTs encoding a chitinase‐like enzyme, an acetylcholinesterase and four transmembrane receptors including two glutamate‐gated chloride channel receptors, a leucokinin‐like receptor and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α‐subunit. This study highlights the benefits of using both neural tissues and normalized libraries in an EST‐approach for identifying potential acaricide targets expressed as rare transcripts.
The smear layer in endodontics – a review
Authors: Violich D. R. , Chandler N. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRoot canal instrumentation produces a layer of organic and inorganic material called the smear layer that may also contain bacteria and their by‐products. It can prevent the penetration of intracanal medicaments into dentinal tubules and influence the adaptation of filling materials to canal walls. This article provides an overview of the smear layer, focusing on its relevance to endodontics. The PubMed database was used initially; the reference list for smear layer featured 1277 articles, and for both smear layer dentine and smear layer root canal revealed 1455 publications. Smear layer endodontics disclosed 408 papers. A forward search was undertaken on selected articles and using some author names. Potentially relevant material was also sought in contemporary endodontic texts, whilst older books revealed historic information and primary research not found electronically, such that this paper does not represent a ‘classical’ review. Data obtained suggests that smear layer removal should enhance canal disinfection. Current methods of smear removal include chemical, ultrasonic and laser techniques – none of which are totally effective throughout the length of all canals or are universally accepted. If smear is to be removed, the method of choice seems to be the alternate use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium hypochlorite solutions. Conflict remains regarding the removal of the smear layer before filling root canals, with investigations required to determine the role of the smear layer in the outcomes of root canal treatment.
Anal‐transitional and bronchial metaplasia within the ileostomy of a small bowel allograft: A case report
Authors: Talmon Geoffrey A. , Wisecarver James L. 
Published: December 2009

Talmon GA, Wisecarver JL. Anal‐transitional and bronchial metaplasia within the ileostomy of a small bowel allograft: A case report. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15:E34–E37. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Epithelial metaplasia is a phenomenon where a native mucosal cell type is replaced by another due to altered stem cell differentiation, usually as the result of long‐standing injury or inflammation. It is common in ileostomies performed with native small bowels for both neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. We present a case of anal‐transitional and bronchial epithelial metaplasia that occurred near the ileostomy of a small bowel allograft in a seven‐month‐old male transplanted for short bowel syndrome related to gastroschisis. The anal‐transitional metaplastic mucosa had an immunophenotype (CK7‐ and p63‐positive) similar to that of normal mucosa at the anal transition zone and a DNA STR profile consistent with the donor. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of this type of metaplasia occurring in ileostomies in the English literature. It is important for clinicians and pathologists to recognize these benign mucosal alterations to avoid diagnostic confusion.