bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating an Occupational Therapy Level II Fieldwork Experience in a County Jail Setting
Authors: Provident Ingrid M. , Joyce-Gaguzis Kelly 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Although occupational therapy services have been rendered in prisons historically, only one occupational therapy program currently exists in a county jail: the Allegheny County Jail Project (ACJ Project). The offenders who populate county jails experience occupational deprivation. The participants of the ACJ Project have benefited from occupational therapy intervention that was initiated during incarceration and continued following their release from jail in order to help them resume productive life roles and to reduce the reoccurrence of engagement in criminal behaviors (recidivism rate). As of June 2003, the ACJ Project has successfully affected the lifestyle patterns of its participants and overall public safety by helping 63% of participants secure gainful employment and by helping 91.8% of participants maintain their freedom after prison. The purpose of this report is to describe the process and benefits of implementing fieldwork opportunities for Level II occupational therapy students in a best practice occupational therapy program in a nontraditional environment: a county jail.
Using a Head-Mounted Video Camera To Explore Current Conceptualizations of Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Unsworth Carolyn A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to explore current conceptualizations of clinical reasoning in occupational therapy.
METHOD. Using a head-mounted video camera and debriefing interviews following therapy sessions, clinical reasoning data were collected from 13 experienced occupational therapists working in physical rehabilitation. The data were collected and analyzed within a focused ethnographic framework.
FINDINGS. Mattingly and Fleming's (1994) classification of clinical reasoning encompassed most of the thinking processes revealed in the therapists’ debriefing interviews. Therapists also used aspects of pragmatic reasoning (Schell & Cervero, 1993). Additionally, within the forms of procedural, interactive, conditional, and pragmatic reasoning, a new form of “generalization reasoning” is proposed in which therapists draw on past experience or knowledge to assist them in making sense of a current situation or client circumstance.
CONCLUSION. This research builds upon previous classification systems to support the categories of narrative, procedural, interactive, conditional, pragmatic (practice context), and generalization reasoning to explain how occupational therapists think in action. Further research is required to explore this emerging description of clinical reasoning.
Self-Care at School: Perceptions of 6-Year-Old Children
Authors: Chapparo Christine J. , Hooper Elizabeth 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Occupational therapists who work with young children routinely evaluate self-care and consider it an important domain of practice. Little is known about what children perceive is important self-care or what they experience as self-care within a school context. Without knowledge about children’s perspectives of self-care, occupational therapists cannot know whether or not they are targeting areas that are central to children’s needs. The purpose of this naturalistic study was to explore 6-year-old children’s perceptions of self-care in their school day. Participant observation and group interviewing were used to elicit descriptive information from 24 Grade One children, attending an elementary school located in Sydney, Australia. A fishing game, drawing activity, and excerpts from a videotape of their day at school were used as stimuli to explore how the children described and attributed meaning to their self-care occupations. Findings showed that children described self-care at school two ways. First, they named specific self-care tasks that mirrored adult views of self-care and represented culturally shared views of the concept of self-care across ages. Second, children described highly individual views about self-care that were derived from their own experience of doing self-care at school. These views seemed to be based on their personal perceptions of salient factors in operation at the time of self-care performance such as social and physical contexts, perceived skill, and expectations of others. The findings suggest that occupational therapy assessment and intervention for self-care include sensitivity to experiential differences between adult views of self-care and those of children. This sensitivity should include an attempt to understand children’s experiences of self-care in specific contexts such as school.
School-Based Practice: Acquiring the Knowledge and Skills
Authors: Brandenburger-Shasby Sharon 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive study is to investigate the perceptions of occupational therapists working in school-based settings regarding their level of preparation for practice. The Survey of School-Based Practice was mailed to 1,102 occupational therapists working in school-based practice (SBP) throughout the United States. The mailing was based on a random sampling of 20% of the School System Special Interest Section of the American Occupational Therapy Association. Results were based on 450 returned completed surveys representing a response rate of 41%. The results were analyzed according to the respondents years of experience in SBP, entry (less than 3 years), transitioning from another practice setting with less than 1 year in SBP, and experienced with 3 or more years experience in SBP. The results indicated the majority of occupational therapists perceive themselves to be poorly prepared for this practice area based on entry-level education alone. Statistically significant differences were seen between continuing education needs and level of experience in SBP. Continuing education and mentoring were most often listed by therapists as preparing them for SBP. Implications for the profession are discussed.
Identifying Older Drivers at Risk of Traffic Violations by Using a Driving Simulator: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lee Hoe C. , Lee Andy H. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVES. This prospective longitudinal study aims to determine which simulated driving tasks of a personal computer (PC)-based driving simulator can be used to identify problematic older drivers, using their 3-year driver violation points record as the outcome measure.
METHODS. A total of 129 urban community-dwelling older drivers volunteered to participate in the study. Using a driving simulator, specific driving tasks were devised to test the performance of older drivers. Their officially recorded driver violation points were retrieved immediately after the simulated driving assessment and thereafter for the following 2 years. Self-reported driving records were also collected during the same period. Hierarchical Poisson regression analysis, adjusting for gender, age, and driving exposure (hours of driving per week), was then undertaken to determine those driving tasks that affected the frequency of traffic violations.
RESULTS. All participants incurred at least one driver violation point during the 3-year period. The simulated driving tasks found to be significantly associated with the incidence of traffic violations were working memory and use of indicator.
CONCLUSIONS. This longitudinal study demonstrated that the driving simulator was able to identify unsafe older drivers at risk of traffic violations if appropriate simulated driving tasks were used. Such a screening tool should be adopted prior to administering a more detailed but expensive road test.
The Meaning of Computers to a Group of Men Who Are Homeless
Authors: Swenson Miller Kathleen , Bunch-Harrison Stacey , Brumbaugh Brett , Kutty Rekha Sankaran , FitzGerald Kathleen 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the experience with computers and the meaning of computers to a group of homeless men living in a long-term shelter. This descriptive exploratory study used semistructured interviews with seven men who had been given access to computers and had participated in individually tailored occupation based interventions through a Work Readiness Program. Three themes emerged from analyzing the interviews: access to computers, computers as a bridge to life-skill development, and changed self-perceptions as a result of connecting to technology. Because they lacked computer knowledge and feared failure, the majority of study participants had not sought out computers available through public access. The need for access to computers, the potential use of computers as a medium for intervention, and the meaning of computers to these men who represent the digital divide are described in this study.
Finding Common Ground With Patients: The Centrality of Compatibility
Authors: Rosa Susan Ayres , Hasselkus Betty Risteen 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This research examines the lived experiences of six novice occupational therapists (0–2 years experience) and eight career occupational therapists (≥ 5 years in the everyday practice in adult rehabilitation. The study focused specifically on therapists’ experiences of working together with patients and the ways in which these experiences unfolded over the course of therapy. Data were generated using a combination of phenomenological interviews with all 14 therapist-participants (Phase I) and participant observation of four therapist-patient dyads throughout the course of rehabilitation therapy (Phase II). Verbatim transcriptions of all interviews from Phase I and Phase II and field notes from Phase II were analyzed using a narrative approach. The analysis revealed that Finding Common Ground was a shared meaning of working together with patients regarding therapy goals and expectations. Findings suggest that occupational therapists may resist negotiating differences with patients over therapy goals and expectations and instead rely primarily on compatibility as the basis of finding common ground. Findings reveal the importance for occupational therapists to be (1) open to negotiating differences with patients over goals and expectations, (2) aware of the ideologies that may influence their practices, and (3) adequately prepared to deal effectively with the challenging interpersonal aspects of practice.
The Ergonomics of Caring for Children: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Sanders Martha J. , Morse Tim 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
BACKGROUND. Caring for one’s children is among the most ubiquitous of occupations. However, few studies have examined the ergonomic risks involved in parents caring for children at home.
PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency, type, and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms in parents of children less than 4 years old. The study further examined the factors that contribute to musculoskeletal pain in this sample.
METHODS. A convenience sample of 130 parents with children younger than 4 years old completed a seven-page survey that included questions related to the parents’ demographics, their musculoskeletal discomfort, their performance of child-care tasks with high biomechanical risks (such as carrying a child in a car seat), and parents’ perceived psychological strain related to caring for their children.
RESULTS. Ninety-two percent (92%) of the providers were mothers. Sixty-six percent (66%) of the sample reported the presence of musculoskeletal pain. The parts of the body most affected were the low back (48%), neck (17%), upper back (16%), and shoulders (11.5%). Factors associated with musculoskeletal pain were performing child-care tasks defined as having high biomechanical risks (p = .001), the perception that caring for children is highly demanding (p = .003), and performing hobbies less than 1 hour per week (p = .04). Parents’ working status, age, and participation in other daily activities were not significantly related to musculoskeletal discomfort.
CONCLUSION. This study demonstrates the high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in parents of children under the age of 4 years. It underscores the association between physical and psychological factors in the development of musculoskeletal discomfort. It suggests the need for occupational therapy wellness programs that focus on preventing musculoskeletal discomfort and providing support for the parenting role.
Changes in ADL Dependence and Aspects of Usability Following Housing Adaptation—A Longitudinal Perspective
Authors: Fänge Agneta , Iwarsson Susanne 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To investigate longitudinal changes in activities of daily living (ADL) dependence and aspects of usability in housing among clients receiving housing adaptation grants in Sweden.
METHODS. The ADL Staircase and the Usability in My Home instruments were used to collect data on three occasions: at baseline 1 month before housing adaptation, at follow-ups 2 to 3 months after housing adaptation completion, and after another 6 to 7 months. In all, 131 clients, living in ordinary housing 24 to 93 years of age were consecutively enrolled.
RESULTS. Overall ADL dependence did not change significantly whereas dependence in “Bathing” decreased over time. “Activity aspects” and “Personal and social aspects” of usability improved at different phases in the process.
CONCLUSION. This study delivers new insights about the complexity of longitudinal person–environment–activity transactions, specifically targeting activity and usability. The results are useful for developing efficient strategies for evaluating housing adaptations within occupational therapy practice and research.
Psychosocial Issues in Older Adults’ Adjustment to Vision Loss: Findings From Qualitative Interviews and Focus Groups
Authors: Teitelman Jodi , Copolillo Al 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Although more therapists are responding to the increasing need for visual rehabilitation services for older adults, little is reported in the literature about the emotional experience of vision loss, especially in the words of persons with low vision themselves. This paper reports findings from a qualitative inquiry involving focus groups and in-depth interviews with 15 older adults using or considering using low vision assistive devices (Copolillo & Teitelman, 2005). Although the study’s original intent was to focus primarily on decisions about LVAD use, psychological and social implications of vision loss emerged spontaneously as a dominant area of concern for participants. From an analysis of 154 codes derived from transcripted data, three themes related to psychosocial experience were generated: (a) Emotional Challenges, (b) Negative Emotional Outcomes, and (c) Indicators of Emotional Adaptation. In this article, individual components of the themes are described using illustrative quotes, and potential practice implications for therapists are presented.
Rethinking Disability and What To Do About It: Disability Studies and Its Implications for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Kielhofner Gary 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Disability studies seeks to reframe rehabilitation’s understanding and responses to disability. Disability scholars point out that rehabilitation’s perspectives and practices are not objective, but instead reflect particular historical and ideological forces. By demonstrating how rehabilitation practitioners can unintentionally do things that are unhelpful or even harmful, disability scholars challenge the profession of occupational therapy to reconsider aspects of practice, education, and research.
In order to provide a context for a special issue devoted to disability studies, this paper examines disability studies’ major critiques of rehabilitation and considers their implications for occupational therapy. The paper identifies ways that occupational therapy can continue to respond reflectively to the themes of disability studies. It also identifies a number of questions raised by disability studies that will need to be addressed in practice, education, and research.
Habitus and the Embodiment of Disability Through Lifestyle
Authors: Thibodaux Louise R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
One aim of disability studies is to accurately portray the experience of persons who live with disabilities. Often this experience generates knowledge that challenges institutional and attitudinal stereotypes. In this study, disability is conceptualized as a measurable space and place characterized by objective differences among groups. Bourdieu’s concept of habitus is proposed as a way to understand how a social space is created and maintained by everyday life experience. Linking Bourdieu’s understanding of social space to the sociology of health lifestyles, the paper further proposes that classes of individuals enact individual and collective behavior that respond to life choice and life chance. Using measures from the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique clustered to reveal patterns of community participation 2 years after spinal cord injury, the study offers an alternative way for modeling knowledge of disability as embodied categories of action expressed as differentiated health lifestyles.
Disability Studies at the Population Level: Issues of Health Service Utilization
Authors: McColl Mary Ann 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. In this paper, I propose a population-level analysis of disability to raise issues of access and equity in terms of use of health services.
METHOD. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of the National Population Health Survey (Statistics Canada, 1998–1999). The sample consisted of 10,898 adults between 20 and 64 years of age.
FINDINGS. The study showed that adults with disabilities used significantly more of all types of health professionals and health services than nondisabled adults. Disability was a significant determinant of all types of health service use, representing a two- to threefold increase in risk of seeing health professionals. Although poor health explained a large proportion of variance attributable to use of medical and nursing services, it did not explain the use of other allied health services. The results are interpreted in terms of structural barriers to access to health services. The findings also remind us of the potential role for occupational therapists as advocates within the health care system for persons with disabilities.
Integrating Disability Studies Concepts Into Occupational Therapy Education Using Service Learning
Authors: Gitlow Lynn , Flecky Kathleen 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This article describes an occupational therapy educational program’s experience with service-learning courses that has fostered student learning about service to the community and disability as a multidimensional construct. Faculty-reflective perspectives about disability and ways to enhance learning about disability as a human experience are presented as an important consideration for health care education curriculum design and course development.
Through review of educational evaluation described in research on service learning, the authors used a multi-method assessment matrix to capture students’ perspectives on their service learning. The community project investigated accessibility issues that persons with disabilities encountered in social participation at community arts venues. Results from student surveys, interviews, focus groups, and journal entries indicated that service learning contributed to occupational therapy students’ appreciation and understanding about disability as an individual, environmental, and societal construct.
Introducing Disability Studies to Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Block Pamela , Ricafrente-Biazon Melissa , Russo Ann , Chu Ke Yun , Sud Suman , Koerner Lori , Vittoria Karen , Landgrover Alyssa , Olowu Tosin 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This article is a work of collaborative ethnography about teaching and learning disability studies within the context of an occupational therapy graduate program. In spring 2004, 14 occupational therapy students were introduced to disability studies by their cultural anthropologist (nonoccupational therapist) course instructor. During the one-credit course, they were expected to complete readings, watch films, attend guest lectures, and make a site visit. The occupational therapy students were required to write a journal to record personal reactions and new insights gained from these experiences. This article focuses on a thematic analysis of the students’ journaled responses to the film “Dance Me to My Song,” and a site visit to a local Independent Living Center. Students were expected to analyze these experiences from both disability studies and occupational therapy perspectives. The article addresses philosophical and practical differences between occupational therapy and disability studies and identifies opportunities for collaboration between occupational therapists and independent living specialists.
The Olmstead Decision: Landmark Opportunity or Platform for Rhetoric? Our Collective Responsibility for Full Community Participation
Authors: Cottrell Rita P. Fleming 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Occupational therapy’s core values and founding beliefs reflect a commitment to the attainment of a self-directed life that enables full community participation. The reality that this desired outcome remains unattainable for millions of persons with disabilities due to the institutional bias of current public policies cannot be ignored. The Supreme Court’s landmark Olmstead decision provides a judicial mechanism to right this fundamental injustice. The executive branch’s response to the Olmstead decision, the New Freedom Initiative (NFI), offers the potential to finally end the societal segregation of persons with disabilities. Occupational therapy practitioners share a moral collective responsibility to advocate for the major systemic changes that will be needed to fully implement the NFI and achieve the promise of the Olmstead decision. By joining with the disability rights movement, occupational therapy practitioners can become effective activists to help persons with disabilities attain full participation in life.
Pilot Study: Investigating the Effects of Kinesio Taping® in an Acute Pediatric Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Yasukawa Audrey , Patel Payal , Sisung Charles 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this pilot study is to describe the use of the Kinesio Taping® method for the upper extremity in enhancing functional motor skills in children admitted into an acute rehabilitation program.
METHOD. Fifteen children (10 females and 5 males; 4 to 16 years of age), who were receiving rehabilitation services at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago participated in this study. For 13 of the inpatients, this was the initial rehabilitation following an acquired disability, which included encephalitis, brain tumor, cerebral vascular accident, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. The Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (Melbourne Assessment) was used to measure upper-limb functional change prior to use of Kinesio Tape®, immediately after application of the tape, and 3 days after wearing tape. Children’s upper-limb function was compared over the three assessments using analysis of variance.
RESULTS. The improvement from pre- to posttaping was statistically significant, F(1, 14) = 18.9; p &lt; .02.
CONCLUSION. These results suggest that Kinesio Tape may be associated with improvement in upper-extremity control and function in the acute pediatric rehabilitation setting. The use of Kinesio Tape as an adjunct to treatment may assist with the goal-focused occupational therapy treatment during the child’s inpatient stay. Further study is recommended to test the effectiveness of this method and to determine the lasting effects on motor skills and functional performance once the tape is removed.