bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Li8(H2O)29]­[Sn10O4S20]·2H2O
Authors: Kaib Thomas , Kapitein Manuel , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: September 2011

Abstract[Li8(H2O)29][Sn10O4S20]·2H2O (1), which was obtained by an unusual synthesis pathway, represents the Li+ salt of the super‐tetrahedral cluster anion [Sn10O4S20]8–. Due to the distinct hydration tendency of Li+, the crystal structure differs notably from that of a corresponding Cs+ salt. Compound 1 extends the still very fragmentary series of known lithium chalcogenidostannates and crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ (No. 2) with a = 11.232(2), b = 13.097(3), c = 23.735(5) Å, α = 102.73(3)°, β = 90.43(3)°, γ = 93.44(3)°, V = 3399.1(12) Å3 at 173 K and Z = 2.
Frequency of Alzheimer's disease pathology at autopsy in patients with clinical normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Cabral Danielle , Beach Thomas G. , Vedders Linda , Sue Lucia I. , Jacobson Sandra , Myers Kent , Sabbagh Marwan N. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundNormal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is considered to be potentially treatable with the placement of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt. However, the procedure has been reported to have variable success, particularly with respect to improving the cognitive impairment in NPH. The presence of neurologic comorbidities, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), may contribute to shunt responsiveness. Uncovering the extent to which AD and NPH co‐occur has implications for diagnosis and treatment of NPH. Autopsy studies of patients with NPH during their lifetime would elucidate the frequency of such comorbidities.MethodsA search of the Sun Health Research Institute Brain Donation Program database was conducted between January 1, 1997 and April 1, 2009 to identify all cases with neuropathologic evidence of dementia as well as those of clinically diagnosed NPH. We reviewed the medical records and brain findings of each NPH case.ResultsOf the 761 cases autopsied over the study interval, 563 were found to have neuropathologic evidence meeting criteria for a dementing illness. Of 563 cases, AD was found exclusively in 313 (56%), and 94 suffered from secondary diagnosis of dementia. Nine of 761 cases were identified with a clinical diagnosis of NPH, which were among the 563 cases with neuropathology of dementing illness at autopsy, representing 1.6% (9/563) of the cases. On review of brain autopsy reports of these nine patients, eight (89%) were found to have AD and one (11%) had progressive supranuclear palsy. Review of the medical records of the nine NPH cases revealed the following clinical comorbidities: five suffered from AD, one from Parkinson's Disease, one from mild cognitive impairment, and one from seizure disorder.ConclusionsGiven the findings of the present study, we support the AD‐NPH theory and posit that AD is a common pathologic comorbidity in the setting of NPH and may preclude cognitive improvement postshunt placement. This may influence the selection of cases for shunting in the future.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐measured atrophy and its relationship to cognitive functioning in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Logue Mark W. , Posner Holly , Green Richard C. , Moline Margaret , Cupples L. Adrienne , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Zou Heng , Hurt Stephen W. , Farrer Lindsay A. , DeCarli Charles ,   MIRAGE Study Group
Published: September 2011

BackgroundRecent pathological studies report vascular pathology in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD pathology in clinically diagnosed vascular dementia (VaD). We compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of vascular brain injury (white matter hyperintensities [WMH] and infarcts) with neurodegenerative measures (medial‐temporal atrophy [MTA] and cerebral atrophy [CA]) in clinically diagnosed subjects with either AD or VaD. We then examined relationships among these measures within and between the two groups and their relationship to mental status.MethodsSemi‐quantitative MRI measures were derived from blind ratings of MRI scans obtained from participants in a research clinical trial of VaD (N = 694) and a genetic epidemiological study of AD (N = 655).ResultsCA was similar in the two groups, but differences in the mean of MTA and WMH were pronounced. Infarcts were significantly associated with CA in VaD but not in AD; MTA and WMH were associated with CA in both. WMH was associated with MTA in both groups; however, MRI infarcts were associated with MTA in VaD but not with MTA in AD patients. MTA was strongly associated with Mini‐Mental State Examination scores in both groups, whereas evidence of a modest association between WMH and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores was seen in VaD patients.ConclusionsMRI data from two dementia cohorts with differing dementia etiologies find that the clinical consequences of dementia are most strongly associated with cerebral and medial‐temporal atrophy, suggesting that tissue loss is the major substrate of the dementia syndrome.
Dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A new direction. The 2010 Jay L. Foster Memorial Lecture
Authors: Kuller Lewis H. , Lopez Oscar L. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundThe modern era of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research began in the early 1980s with the establishment of AD research centers and expanded research programs at the National Institute on Aging.MethodsOver the past 30 years, there has been success in defining criteria for AD and dementia, association of important genetic disorders related to premature dementia in families, the association of apolipoprotein‐E4, and measurement of incidence and prevalence and selected risk factors. However, prevention and treatment have been elusive.ResultsThe development of new technologies, especially magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography to measure amyloid in vivo in the brain and glucose metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid examination, better genetic markers, large‐scale longitudinal epidemiology studies, and preventive clinical trials has rapidly begun a new era of research that offers opportunities to better understand etiology, that is, determinants of amyloid biology in the brain, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, and dementia.ConclusionsThere are three major hypotheses related to dementia: amyloid deposition and secondary synaptic loss as a unique disease, vascular injury, and “aging.” New research must be hypothesis‐driven and lead to testable approaches for treatment and prevention.
Study of the excitation mechanisms of the second positive system in the negative glow of a N2–Ar discharge
Authors: Isola L , López M , Gómez B J 
Published: September 2011

In an Ar–N2 discharge, the high excitation transfer from Ar(3P2,0) to N2 produces an overpopulation of the high rotational levels of the bands of the second positive system (SPS), and so the spectra interpretation is not straightforward.
This paper presents a fit function for the SPS bands measured in Ar–N2, which allows us to study the excitation process contributions to the N2(C) level.
The procedure was tested in the negative glow of a pulsed Ar–N2 discharge at a pressure of 2.5 Torr, for different mixture concentrations. In this discharge, through the fitting, it was possible to calculate the variation of the N2(C) densities produced by different excitation processes as well as the variation of Ar metastable density.
PepCrawler: a fast RRT-based algorithm for high-resolution refinement and binding affinity estimation of peptide inhibitors
Authors: Donsky Elad , Wolfson Haim J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Design of protein–protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors is a key challenge in structural bioinformatics and computer-aided drug design. Peptides, which partially mimic the interface area of one of the interacting proteins, are natural candidates to form protein–peptide complexes competing with the original PPI. The prediction of such complexes is especially challenging due to the high flexibility of peptide conformations.
Results: In this article, we present PepCrawler, a new tool for deriving binding peptides from protein–protein complexes and prediction of peptide–protein complexes, by performing high-resolution docking refinement and estimation of binding affinity. By using a fast path planning approach, PepCrawler rapidly generates large amounts of flexible peptide conformations, allowing backbone and side chain flexibility. A newly introduced binding energy funnel ‘steepness score’ was applied for the evaluation of the protein–peptide complexes binding affinity. PepCrawler simulations predicted high binding affinity for native protein–peptide complexes benchmark and low affinity for low-energy decoy complexes. In three cases, where wet lab data are available, the PepCrawler predictions were consistent with the data. Comparing to other state of the art flexible peptide–protein structure prediction algorithms, our algorithm is very fast, and takes only minutes to run on a single PC.
Availability: http://bioinfo3d.cs.tau.ac.il/PepCrawler/
Contact: eladdons@tau.ac.il; wolfson@tau.ac.il
Genetic Variants and Susceptibility to Neurological Complications Following West Nile Virus Infection
Authors: Loeb Mark , Eskandarian Sasha , Rupp Mark , Fishman Neil , Gasink Leanne , Patterson Jan , Bramson Jonathan , Hudson Thomas J , Lemire Mathieu 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
To determine genetic factors predisposing to neurological complications following West Nile virus infection, we analyzed a cohort of 560 neuroinvasive case patients and 950 control patients for 13 371 mostly nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The top 3 SNPs on the basis of statistical significance were also in genes of biological plausibility: rs2066786 in RFC1 (replication factor C1) (P = 1.88 × 10−5; odds ratio [OR], 0.68 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .56–.81]); rs2298771 in SCN1A (sodium channel, neuronal type I α subunit) (P = 5.87 × 10−5; OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.21–1.77]); and rs25651 in ANPEP (ananyl aminopeptidase) (P = 1.44 × 10−4; OR, 0.69 [95% CI, .56–.83]). Additional genotyping of these SNPs in a separate sample of 264 case patients and 296 control patients resulted in a lack of significance in the replication cohort; joint significance was as follows: rs2066786, P = .0022; rs2298771, P = .005; rs25651, P = .042. Using mostly nonsynonymous variants, we therefore did not identify genetic variants associated with neuroinvasive disease.
Trophic links between functional groups of arable plants and beetles are stable at a national scale
Authors: Brooks David R. , Storkey Jonathan , Clark Suzanne J. , Firbank Les G. , Petit Sandrine , Woiwod Ian P. 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. There is an urgent need to accurately model how environmental change affects the wide‐scale functioning of ecosystems, but advances are hindered by a lack of knowledge of how trophic levels are linked across space. It is unclear which theoretical approach to take to improve modelling of such interactions, but evidence is gathering that linking species responses to their functional traits can increase understanding of ecosystem dynamics. Currently, there are no quantitative studies testing how this approach might improve models of multiple, trophically interacting species, at wide spatial scales.2. Arable weeds play a foundational role in linking food webs, providing resources for many taxa, including carabid beetles that feed on their seeds and weed‐associated invertebrate prey. Here, we model associations between weeds and carabids across farmland in Great Britain (GB), to test the hypothesis that wide‐scale trophic links between these groups are structured by their species functional traits.3. A network of c. 250 arable fields, covering four crops and most lowland areas of GB, was sampled for weed, carabid and invertebrate taxa over 3 years. Data sets of these groups were closely matched in time and space, and each contained numerous species with a range of eco‐physiological traits. The consistency of trophic linkages between multiple taxa sharing functional traits was tested within multivariate and log‐linear models.4. Robust links were established between the functional traits of taxa and their trophic interactions. Autumn‐germinating, small‐seeded weeds were associated with smaller, spring‐breeding carabids, more specialised in seed feeding, whereas spring‐germinating, large‐seeded weeds were associated with a range of larger, autumn‐breeding omnivorous carabids. These relationships were strong and dynamic, being independent of changes in invertebrate food resources and consistent across sample dates, crops and regions of GB.5. We conclude that, in at least one system of interacting taxa, functional traits can be used to predict consistent, wide‐scale trophic links. This conceptual approach is useful for assessing how perturbations affecting lower trophic levels are ramified throughout ecosystems and could be used to assess how environmental change affects a wider range of secondary consumers.
Fathers of children with disabilities: encounters with health professionals in a Chinese context
Authors: Huang Yu‐Ping , Tsai Sen‐Wei , Kellett Ursula 
Published: September 2011

Aims.  The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of fathers of developmentally disabled children during interactions with health professionals in Taiwan.Background.  The role of Chinese fathers in raising a disabled child has been neglected because most studies on the impact of parenting a child with disabilities in this culture have primarily focused on mothers.Design.  A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was undertaken to recover and interpret fathers’ experiences.Method.  Sixteen fathers living with their disabled child (0–18 years old) were purposively recruited from a teaching hospital in central Taiwan. Data were collected using in‐depth interviews and journal notes. All participants were interviewed twice. Interviews lasted from 50–100 minutes, and all were recorded.Results.  Three shared meanings were attributed to fathers’ interactions with health professionals: (1) experiencing no supportive communication, (2) missing the critical time for disability management and (3) being excluded from medical decision making.Conclusions.  Fathers in Taiwan commonly rely on health professionals to solve their child’s health problems owing to their perceived power to cure and their professional authority in Chinese society. However, fathers felt powerless and hopeless when they received unclear information and incorrect diagnoses, which delayed appropriate treatment. Expressions of dissatisfaction and possessing a sense of futility were common experiences related to exclusion in a paternalistic healthcare system.Relevance to clinical practice.  Taiwanese clinicians’ attitudes and parental–professional relationships challenge an exploration of ethics and standards of medical care shaped by Chinese culture. Ways of promoting parental inclusion in decision making and care, in particular father’s inclusion, need to be explored. Recognition of the Chinese mother and father and their differing parental healthcare experiences are important to understand to ensure improvement in encounters with health professionals and the maximisation of positive health outcomes.
Distemper virus encephalitis exerts detrimental effects on hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: von Rüden E.‐L. , Avemary J. , Zellinger C. , Algermissen D. , Bock P. , Beineke A. , Baumgärtner W. , Stein V. M. , Tipold A. , Potschka H. 
Published: September 2011

E.‐L. von Rüden, J. Avemary, C. Zellinger, D. Algermissen, P. Bock, A. Beineke, W. Baumgärtner, V. M. Stein, A. Tipold and H. Potschka (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 426–442Distemper virus encephalitis exerts detrimental effects on hippocampal neurogenesisAims: Despite knowledge about the impact of brain inflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis, data on the influence of virus encephalitis on dentate granule cell neurogenesis are so far limited. Canine distemper is considered an interesting model of virus encephalitis, which can be associated with a chronic progressing disease course and can cause symptomatic seizures. Methods: To determine the impact of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection on hippocampal neurogenesis, we compared post‐mortem tissue from dogs with infection with and without seizures, from epileptic dogs with non‐viral aetiology and from dogs without central nervous system diseases. Results: The majority of animals with infection and with epilepsy of non‐viral aetiology exhibited neuronal progenitor numbers below the age average in controls. Virus infection with and without seizures significantly decreased the mean number of neuronal progenitor cells by 43% and 76% as compared to age‐matched controls. Ki‐67 labelling demonstrated that hippocampal cell proliferation was neither affected by infection nor by epilepsy of non‐viral aetiology. Analysis of CDV infection in cells expressing caspase‐3, doublecortin or Ki‐67 indicated that infection of neuronal progenitor cells is extremely rare and suggests that infection might damage non‐differentiated progenitor cells, hamper neuronal differentiation and promote glial differentiation. A high inter‐individual variance in the number of lectin‐reactive microglial cells was evident in dogs with distemper infection. Statistical analyses did not reveal a correlation between the number of lectin‐reactive microglia cells and neuronal progenitor cells. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that virus encephalitis with and without seizures can exert detrimental effects on hippocampal neurogenesis, which might contribute to long‐term consequences of the disease. The lack of a significant impact of distemper virus on Ki‐67‐labelled cells indicates that the infection affected neuronal differentiation and survival of newborn cells rather than hippocampal cell proliferation.
Regulation of stem cell differentiation in adipose tissue by chronic inflammation
Authors: Ye Jianping , Gimble Jeffery M 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. Recent studies suggest that a local hypoxic response leads to chronic inflammation in the adipose tissue of obese individuals. The adipose tissue hypoxia may reflect a compensatory failure in the local vasculature system in response to obesity.2. Studies suggest that inflammation stimulates angiogenesis and inhibits adipocyte activities in a feedback manner within the obese adipose tissue. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) are able to differentiate into multiple lineages of progenitor cells for adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and pericytes. Differentiation of ASC into those progenitors is regulated by the adipose tissue microenvironment.3. As a major factor in the microenvironment, inflammation may favour ASC differentiation into endothelial cells through the induction of angiogenic factors. At the same time, inflammation inhibits ASC differentiation into adipocytes by suppressing peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ activity and the insulin signalling pathway. In this context, inflammation may serve as a signal mediating the competition between adipocytes and endothelial cells for the limited source of ASC.4. It is a new concept that inflammation mediates signals in the competition between adipocytes and endothelial cells for the limited ASC in obesity. There is a lot of evidence that inflammation promotes endothelial cell differentiation. However, this activity of inflammation remains to be established in adipose tissue. The present article reviews the literature in support of this conclusion.
Distribution and Growth of Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Hojerová Eva , Mašín Michal , Brunet Christophe , Ferrera Isabel , Gasol Josep M. , Koblížek Michal 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe distribution of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAPs) was surveyed in various regions of the Mediterranean Sea in spring and summer. These phototrophic bacteria were present within the euphotic layer at all sampled stations. The AAP abundances increased with increasing trophic status ranging from 2.5 × 103 cells per ml in oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean up to 90 × 103 cells per ml in the Bay of Villefranche. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs made up on average 1–4% of total prokaryotes in low nutrient areas, whereas in coastal and more productive stations these organisms represented 3–11% of total prokaryotes. Diel bacteriochlorophyll a decay measurements showed that AAP community in the Western Mediterranean grew rapidly, at rates from 1.13 to 1.42 day−1. The lower AAP abundances registered in the most oligotrophic waters suggest that they are relatively poor competitors under nutrient limiting conditions. Instead, AAPs appear to be metabolically active organisms, which thrive better in more eutrophic environments providing the necessary substrates to maintain high growth rates.
Resistance, resilience and recovery: aquatic bacterial dynamics after water column disturbance
Authors: Shade Ashley , Read Jordan S. , Welkie David G. , Kratz Timothy K. , Wu Chin H. , McMahon Katherine D. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryFor lake microbes, water column mixing acts as a disturbance because it homogenizes thermal and chemical gradients known to define the distributions of microbial taxa. Our first objective was to isolate hypothesized drivers of lake bacterial response to water column mixing. To accomplish this, we designed an enclosure experiment with three treatments to independently test key biogeochemical changes induced by mixing: oxygen addition to the hypolimnion, nutrient addition to the epilimnion, and full water column mixing. We used molecular fingerprinting to observe bacterial community dynamics in the treatment and control enclosures, and in ambient lake water. We found that oxygen and nutrient amendments simulated the physical‐chemical water column environment following mixing and resulted in similar bacterial communities to the mixing treatment, affirming that these were important drivers of community change. These results demonstrate that specific environmental changes can replicate broad disturbance effects on microbial communities. Our second objective was to characterize bacterial community stability by quantifying community resistance, recovery and resilience to an episodic disturbance. The communities in the nutrient and oxygen amendments changed quickly (had low resistance), but generally matched the control composition by the 10th day after treatment, exhibiting resilience. These results imply that aquatic bacterial assemblages are generally stable in the face of disturbance.
Your patient information website: how good is it?
Authors: Soobrah R. , Clark S. K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  The study was designed to evaluate the accessibility, reliability and readability of information on familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) on the Web.Method  We searched for the keywords ‘familial adenomatous polyposis’ using the three most popular search engines (Google™ Yahoo™, MSN™) and looked at the first 50 websites. The LIDA tool (an online validation instrument for healthcare websites) was used to assess their accessibility, usability and reliability. The readability of each document was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score. We also checked whether each site was certified by the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode) – the oldest and most trustworthy code for medical and health‐related information available on the Internet.Results  Of the 150 possible sites, only 48 were analysed because of repetitions (52), irrelevant content (21) or inaccessible links (29). Nineteen were HONcode‐certified. The mean LIDA and FRE scores for all websites were 62.59% (SD = 10) and 32.9 (SD = 16) respectively. HONcode‐certified websites have slightly higher reliability scores than HONcode‐uncertified websites (38.5%vs 36.2%).Conclusion  Good quality information on patients with FAP is difficult to obtain on the Internet. The websites analysed have alarmingly low reliability scores. The readability of their content is poor and they often do not appear among the top search results. There is a need to develop a clear, easily accessible and authoritative resource for patients with FAP.