bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of a positive crossmatch in liver transplantation: A 20-year review#
Authors: Ruiz Richard , Tomiyama Koji , Campsen Jeffrey , Goldstein Robert M. , Levy Marlon F. , McKenna Greg J. , Onaca Nicholas , Susskind Brian , Tillery Glenn W. , Klintmalm Goran B. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Whether a positive crossmatch result has any relevance to liver transplantation (LT) outcomes remains controversial. We assessed the impact of a positive crossmatch result on patient and graft survival and posttransplant complications. During a 20-year period, 2723 LT procedures with crossmatch results were identified: 2479 primary transplants and 244 retransplants. The rates of positive B cell and T cell crossmatches were 10.1% and 7.4%, respectively, for primary transplants and 14.6% and 6.4%, respectively, for retransplants (P = 0.049 for a B cell crossmatch). Across all primary transplants, females (P < 0.001) and patients with autoimmune hepatitis (P < 0.001) had greater frequencies of positive crossmatches. There was no effect from race or age. For both primary transplants and retransplants, patient survival and graft survival were not affected by the presence of a positive crossmatch. With respect to posttransplant complications, there were no differences in rejection episodes (hyperacute, acute, or chronic) or technical complications (biliary and vascular) between negative and positive crossmatch groups. However, there were significant differences in the pathological findings of preservation injury (PI) on liver biopsy samples taken at the time of transplantation and within the first week of transplantation (P = 0.003 for B cells and P = 0.03 for T cells). In summary, a positive crossmatch had no significant impact on patient survival or graft outcomes. However, there was a significantly higher incidence of PI in primary LT recipients with a positive crossmatch. This finding is important for a broader understanding of PI, which may include a significant immunological component. Liver Transpl 18:455–460, 2012. © 2011 AASLD.
A 7-Gene Signature of the Recipient Predicts the Progression of Fibrosis After Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: do O Nicole T. , Eurich Dennis , Schmitz Petra , Schmeding Maximilian , Heidenhain Christoph , Bahra Marcus , Trautwein Christian , Neuhaus Peter , Neumann Ulf P. , Wasmuth Hermann E. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Fibrosis recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a universal event and strongly determines a patient's prognosis. The recipient risk factors for fibrosis recurrence are still poorly defined. Here we assess a genetic risk score as a predictor of fibrosis after LT. The cirrhosis risk score (CRS), which comprises allele variants in 7 genes (adaptor-related protein complex 3 S2, aquaporin 2, antizyme inhibitor 1, degenerative spermatocyte homolog 1 lipid desaturase, syntaxin binding protein 5-like, toll-like receptor 4, and transient receptor potential cation channel M5), was calculated for 137 patients who underwent LT for HCV infection and experienced HCV reinfection of the graft. The patients were stratified into 3 CRS categories: <0.5, 0.5 to 0.7, and >0.7. All patients underwent protocol biopsy after LT (median follow-up = 5 years), and liver fibrosis was assessed according to the Desmet and Scheuer score. The data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. The results showed that the highest CRS category was strongly associated with the presence of F2 or F3 fibrosis in protocol biopsy samples 1, 3, and 5 years after LT (P = 0.006, P = 0.001, and P = 0.02, respectively). Overall, 75.0% of the patients with a CRS > 0.7 developed at least F2 fibrosis, whereas 51.5% developed F3 fibrosis during follow-up. The predictive value of the CRS for fibrosis progression was independent of known clinical risk factors, including the age of the donor, the sex of the recipient, and the occurrence of acute rejection. A Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed the prognostic value of the CRS with respect to the recurrence of severe liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients after LT (log rank = 6.23, P = 0.03). In conclusion, the genetic signature of the recipient predicts the likelihood of severe liver fibrosis in the graft after HCV recurrence. The CRS might help with early clinical decision making (eg, the selection of patients for antiviral therapy after LT).
Liver Transpl 18:298–304, 2012.
© 2012 AASLD.
Living Donor Liver Transplantation Versus Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparable Survival and Recurrence
Authors: Sandhu Lakhbir , Sandroussi Charbel , Guba Markus , Selzner Markus , Ghanekar Anand , Cattral Mark S. , McGilvray Ian D. , Levy Gary , Greig Paul D. , Renner Eberhard L. , Grant David R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Several studies have reported higher rates of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) versus deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). It is unclear whether this difference is due to a specific biological effect unique to the LDLT procedure or to other factors such as patient selection. We compared the overall survival (OS) rates and the rates of HCC recurrence after LDLT and DDLT at our center. Between January 1996 and September 2009, 345 patients with HCC were identified: 287 (83%) had DDLT and 58 (17%) had LDLT. The OS rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, whereas competing risks methods were used to determine the HCC recurrence rates. The LDLT and DDLT groups were similar with respect to most clinical parameters, but they had different median waiting times (3.1 versus 5.3 months, P = 0.003) and median follow-up times (30 versus 38.1 months, P = 0.02). The type of transplant did not affect any of the measured cancer outcomes. The OS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were equivalent: 91.3%, 75.2%, and 75.2%, respectively, for the LDLT group and 90.5%, 79.7%, and 74.6%, respectively, for DDLT (P = 0.62). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year HCC recurrence rates were also similar: 8.8%, 10.7%, and 15.4%, respectively, for the LDLT group and 7.5%, 14.8%, and 17.0%, respectively, for the DDLT group (P = 0.54). A regression analysis identified microvascular invasion (but not the graft type) as a predictor of HCC recurrence. In conclusion, in well-matched cohorts of LDLT and DDLT recipients, LDLT and DDLT provide similarly low recurrence rates and high survival rates for the treatment of HCC.
Liver Transpl 18:315–322, 2012.
© 2012 AASLD.
Polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate): Initiation Issues with Block Copolymer Formation Using ARGET ATRP
Authors: Aitchison Tony J. , Ginic‐Markovic Milena , Clarke Stephen , Valiyaveettil Suresh 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe synthesis, kinetics, and characterization of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers produced by ARGET ATRP are discussed. Halogen exchange is used and the polymerization appears to be living in the generation of the second block. On further investigation, the GPC traces exhibit a shoulder, which suggests poor initiation of the macroinitiator. Previous reports suggest that to increase the initiation efficiency of the second block, 10% styrene monomer should be added to the mixture. Upon adding the 10% styrene for the second block ARGET ATRP polymerization, the appearance of a well‐initiated polymer is observed. However, at greater conversions the results clearly demonstrate the production of a homopolymer/block copolymer mixture.
Morphological changes of the epineurium in leprosy: A new finding detected by high‐resolution sonography
Authors: Visser Leo H. , Jain Suman , Lokesh B. , Suneetha Sujai , Subbanna J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction: From histopathological studies of peripheral nerves in leprosy, it is known that the epineurium can be thickened. We measured the epineurial thickness of the ulnar nerve by high resolution sonography (HRUS). Methods: The epineurium of the ulnar nerve was measured above the elbow on transverse scan in 25 healthy controls and 26 leprosy patients. Results: The mean epineurial thickness was 0.77 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.88) in symptomatic ulnar nerves (n = 20), 0.58 mm (CI 0.51–0.65) in asymptomatic nerves (n = 30), and 0.49 mm (CI 0.44–0.54) in healthy controls (n = 25) (P = 0.0001). This thickening was related to the cross‐sectional area of the ulnar nerve, but not with increased blood flow. Conclusions: The epineurium of the ulnar nerve can be measured with the use of HRUS, and it is often strikingly thickened in leprosy patients, especially in those with ulnar involvement. Muscle Nerve 46:38–41, 2012
The subcellular proteome of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Sarkar Prasenjit , Collier Timothy S. , Randall Shan M. , Muddiman David C. , Rao Balaji M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have characterized the subcellular proteome of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) through MS analysis of the membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear fractions, isolated from the same sample of undifferentiated hESCs. Strikingly, 74% of all proteins identified were detected in a single subcellular fraction; we also carried out immunofluorescence studies to validate the subcellular localization suggested by proteomic analysis, for a subset of proteins. Our approach resulted in deeper proteome coverage – peptides mapping to 893, 2475, and 1185 proteins were identified in the nuclear, cytosolic, and membrane fractions, respectively. Additionally, we used spectral counting to estimate the relative abundance of all cytosolic proteins. A large number of proteins relevant to hESC biology, including growth factor receptors, cell junction proteins, transcription factors, chromatin remodeling proteins, and histone modifying enzymes were identified. Our analysis shows that components of a large number of interacting signaling pathways are expressed in hESCs. Finally, we show that proteomic analysis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi compartments is a powerful alternative approach to identify secreted proteins since these are synthesized in the ER and transit through the Golgi. Taken together, our results show that systematic subcellular proteomic analysis is a valuable tool for studying hESC biology.
Crystal structure of the Kar3‐like kinesin motor domain from the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii
Authors: Duan Da , Hnatchuk Daniel J. , Brenner Jillian , Davis Darlene , Allingham John S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractKar3 kinesins are microtubule (MT) minus‐end‐directed motors with pleiotropic functions in mitotic spindle formation and nuclear movement in budding and fission yeasts. A Kar3‐like kinesin is also expressed by the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypi, which exhibits different nuclear movement challenges from its yeast relatives. Presented here is a 2.35 Å crystal structure and enzymatic analysis of the AgKar3 motor domain (AgKar3MD). Compared to the previously published Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kar3MD structure (ScKar3MD), AgKar3MD displays differences in the conformation of some of its nucleotide‐binding motifs and peripheral elements. Unlike ScKar3MD, the salt bridge between Switch I and Switch II in AgKar3MD is broken. Most of the Switch I, and the adjoining region of helix α3, are also disordered instead of bending into the active site cleft as is observed in ScKar3MD. These aspects of AgKar3MD are highly reminiscent of the ScKar3 R598A mutant that disrupts the Switch I–Switch II salt bridge and impairs MT‐stimulated ATPase activity of the motor. Subtle differences in the disposition of secondary structure elements in the small lobe (β1a, β1b, and β1c) at the edge of the MD are also apparent even though it contains approximately the same number of residues as ScKar3. These differences may reflect the unique enzymatic properties we measured for this motor, which include a lower MT‐stimulated ATPase rate relative to ScKar3, or they could relate to its interactions with different regulatory companion proteins than its budding yeast counterpart. Proteins 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spreadsheet‐based modeling of ISCO with permanganate
Authors: Cha Ki Young , Simpkin Thomas , Borden Robert C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCDISCO, a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet–based model, can be used to assist with the design of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) systems using permanganate (MnO4−). The model inputs are the aquifer characteristics (porosity, hydraulic conductivity, effective aquifer thickness, natural oxidant demand, kinetic parameters, contaminant concentrations, etc.), injection conditions (permanganate injection concentration, flow rate, and duration), and unit costs for reagent, drilling, and labor. MnO4− transport in the aquifer is simulated and used to estimate the effective radius of influence (ROI) and required injection point spacing. CDISCO then provides a preliminary cost estimate for the selected design conditions. The user can perform multiple runs of CDISCO to optimize the cost of the ISCO design. Comparisons with analytical and numerical models of nonreactive and reactive transport demonstrate that CDISCO accurately simulates MnO4− transport and consumption. Comparison of CDISCO results with the three‐dimensional heterogeneous simulations show that aquifer volume contact efficiency and contaminant mass treatment efficiency are closely correlated with the ROI overlap factor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two 3D Lead(II) Coordination Polymers with Isonicotinic Acid N‐Oxide and Pseudohalides
Authors: Marandi Farzin , Hassanmohammadi Parisa , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Quah Ching Kheng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo novel 3D lead(II)‐azido and ‐thiocyanato coordination polymers with isonicotinate acid N‐oxide (INO) as the coligand were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy and were also studied using X‐ray crystallography technique. These complexes have the formulas [Pb(INO)(NCS)]n (1) and [Pb(INO)(N3)(H2O)]n (2).
Reflections on Sixty Years of Solid State Chemistry
Authors: Goodenough John B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn celebration of Rudolf Hoppe's 90th birthday, three developments in solid state chemistry that have occurred over his tenure are personally recalled: (1) The recognition that long‐range orbital order‐disorder transitions introduce cooperative electron‐lattice interactions has (a) accounted for numerous phase transitions in solids, (b) led to formulation of the rules for the sign, ferromagnetic vs. antiferromagnetic, of interatomic spin‐spin interactions, and (c) provides a rationale for single‐ion magnetostriction and magnetocrystalline anisotropy in transition‐metal compounds. Moreover, the further recognition that short‐range cooperative orbital ordering extends to temperatures well above the long‐range orbital ordering temperature or critical concentration of orbitally degenerate cations has (a) led to the introduction of chemical inhomogeneties into a single crystallographic phase to achieve a technical objective and (b) consideration of their role in determining the sign of spin‐spin interactions in a paramagnetic phase containing orbital fluctuations. (2) Exploration of the transition from localized to itinerant 3d‐electron behavior in transition‐metal oxides showed it to be first‐order, which has allowed interpretation of (a) charge‐density waves in single‐valent systems and (b) dynamic phase segregations in mixed‐valent systems to be manifestations of a different type of long‐range vs. short‐range cooperative electron‐lattice coupling. (3) The study of Li‐insertion chemistry has led (a) to Li‐ion rechargeable batteries, (b) an appreciation of the influence of counter cations in solids on d‐electron redox energies, and (c) the concept of Fermi energy pinning and its consequences as the energy of a d‐electron couple in a transition‐metal compound descends across the top of the anion‐p bands.
European Psychiatric Association guidance on the conflicts of interest
Authors: Höschl C. , Fialová L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractConflict of interest (COI) is a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgments or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced and compromised by a secondary interest. It might arise in clinical practice, research, and education, and might include individuals and institutions. Primary interests include the pursuit of well-being of patients, ensuring the independence of medical education, and protecting the objectivity and integrity of medical research. Secondary interests might involve financial interests, pursuit of recognition and professional career advancement. COI might result from the multiple roles of physicians in patient care, research, administration, provision of expert opinion and policy advice, and consultancy to commercial organizations. The purpose of the COI policy is to protect the interests of the patients, strengthen the integrity of the profession, and preserve public trust in medicine and psychiatry. The aim of the guidance is to eventually prevent these conflicts from arising rather than remediate them ex post. It is desirable to identify factors that might lead to their occurrence, offer a framework for their recognition and assessment, introduce the principles and standards of their disclosure, and provide recommendations for their transparent resolution.
Foot Pressure Comparison between Hallux Rigidus Patients and Normal Asymptomatic Matched Individuals using Pedobarograph
Authors: Hadi Mohammed , Assef Alani , Fahad Attar , Akinwande Adedepo 
Published: December 2011

Background/Purpose We present a study comparing the plantar pressures of hallux rigidus patients with that of asymptomatic feet. The aim was to find new means that could be used in further assessment and management of this condition. Methods We assessed foot pressure distributions in eight patients with hallux rigidus using the foot pressure pedobarograph system. This was compared with eight asymptomatic matched individuals. The foot pressures were assessed in the five key areas. Results The differences between the affected foot pressures and the normal foot pressures were statistically significant with a p value less than 0.05. The pressure under the hallux in the hallux rigidus patients was significantly less and associated with a significantly increased pressures in the hind foot and under the third, fourth, and the fifth metatarsal heads when compared with the asymptomatic matched individuals suggesting weight transfer onto the lateral and hind foot regions. Conclusion This study has demonstrated an increased pressure transmitted through the outer aspect of the sole of the foot in the patients suffering from hallux rigidus. This is helpful in choosing treatment options and managing hallux rigidus patients particularly when using conservative and foot wear considerations.
Preliminary results of dancing exercise on postural stability in adolescent females
Authors: Cheng Hsu‐Sheng , Law Cheung‐Lun , Pan Hui‐Fang , Hsiao Yueh‐Ping , Hu Jeng‐Ho , Chuang Fu‐Kai , Huang Mao‐Hsiung 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwenty‐six female student dancers of Chung‐hua school of Art (mean age 17.5 ± 0.5 years) and twenty‐five healthy active female collegiate students (mean age 18.1 ± 1.0 years) participated in this study to investigate the effects of dancing exercise on postural stability of adolescent female through a comparison study of two cohorts. The groups were matched in height and weight. Participants were excluded for left‐side dominance, sustained lower extremity injury, any known vestibular system dysfunction, uncorrected visual problems, and other neurological conditions. Static and dynamic standing balances were measured by means of Biodex Stability System in six conditions include bilateral, dominant, and nondominant single leg stances with eye‐open and eye‐closed conditions. To investigate the difference between static and dynamic stabilities, two protocols were performed: the first protocol consisted of four positions including static position, Level 8, Level 4, and Level 1, respectively. They were instructed to maintain a level platform as stably as possible for a period of 30 seconds for each test and given a 30‐second rest between tests. The second protocol was descending stability level that was gradually changed from Level 12 to Level 1 for 60 seconds. Balance indices included overall stability index, anterior–posterior stability index (APSI), and medial–lateral stability index. The results of first protocol showed that there were significant differences in overall stability index score between study and control groups at Level 8 with dominant single leg standing in the eye‐open condition and the APSI score at Level 8 and at Level 4 with dominant single‐leg standing in the eye‐closed condition. There was no significant difference in the second protocol. The possible explanation is loss of familiarization adaptation because of level change consequently in both the groups, not step‐by‐step as in the first protocol study. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the dancing experience and the APSI at Level 8 and Level 4 with dominant single‐leg standing in the eye‐closed condition. In conclusion the findings implied that dancing exercise results in better postural stability and less visual dependence on postural control in adolescent females.