bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological Role in Regulating Transpiration Rate of the Cotton Plant1
Authors: Skidmore E. L. , Stone J. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA decrease in transpiration rate, which could not be explained on the basis of physical factors of the environment, was observed. Root impedance to water absorption and transmission was found to be approximately five times greater at the time of day when transpiration rate was greatly attenuated than at the time when transpiration was at a maximum. Transpiration rate was directly proportional to evaporative demand early in the day but later in the day when root: impedance was high, an inverse and less well defined relationship existed.
Oak Brush Control Improves Grazing Lands1
Authors: Elwell Harry M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisInvestigations with 2,4,5‐trichlorophen‐oxyacetic acid (2,4,5‐T) and 2‐(2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (silvex) to control post oak (Quercus stellata Wang.), blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica Muench.), and dwarf chinquapin oak (Quercus prinoides Willd.) have shown them to be excellent chemicals for control of brush and release of native grasses.
Effect of Crop Sequence and Manure and Fertilizer Treatments on Crop Yields and Soil Fertility1
Authors: Hedlin R. A. , Ridley A. O. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisHighest yields of wheat were obtained on fallow land. The next best place to grow wheat in the sequence was following either flax or corn. Lowest yields of wheat were obtained when it was grown following oats, barley or rye. Manure increased yields of all crops in the year applied and produced a residual effect on yield and on the level of easily extractable phosphorus.
Cotton Fruiting Efficiency: A Comparison of Methods of Measurement1
Authors: White T. G. , Kohel R. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNumber of harvested bolls per unit of mature stalk weight appeared to estimate fruiting efficiency as well as number of counted bolls per unit of vegetative weight, or weight of fruit over weight of vegetative parts. An attempt to equate foliage volume with vegetative or stalk weight, to avoid plant sacrifice, did not prove successful.
Seasonal Pattern of Fructosan in Orchardgrass Stubble as Influenced by Nitrogen and Harvest Management1
Authors: Colby W. G. , Drake Mack , Field D. L. , Kreowski G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSoluble carbohydrate in orchardgrass, as indicated by fructosan, decreased rapidly during the period of maximum vegetative development—maximum stem elongation and seed head development—indicating that this was a critical period for management. In each of 4 cuttings, fructosan was reduced by increments of N. Large N applications render orchardgrass susceptible to injury, but the combination of high temperature and low soil moisture cause it.
Effect of Row Spacing, Seeding Rate, and Potassium and Calcium Hydroxide Additions on Soybean Yields on Soils of Southern Illinois1
Authors: Reiss W. D. , Sherwood L. V. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSoybean performance was best in 24‐inch row spacings. Higher seeding rates tended to produce higher seed yields. The addition of potassium or lime singly reduced seed yields; in combination they increased seed yields.
Barley Growth, Water Use, and Mineral Composition as Influenced by Oxygen Exclusion from Specific Regions of the Root System1
Authors: Letey J. , Richardson W. F. , Valoras N. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFour treatments applied to the upper and lower halves of barley root systems consisted of A/A, N/A, A/N, and N/N where N represents very low oxygen (<1%) and A represents adequate oxygen in the order of upper/lower halves. Root weight in the upper half of A/A was similar to that in A/N and N/N was similar to N/A. In the lower half, the root weights of A/A and N/A were about equal and A/N equated N/N. Most water was removed from the half which had adequate oxygen. Top growth was highest under A/A and lowest under N/N.
Gas Evolution From Silage As A Diagnostic Tool For Chemical Reaction and Energy Losses1
Authors: Dexter S. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGas evolution was measured from silages fermenting in air‐tight containers. Silages were fermented at different moisture contents by ensiling chopped alfalfa, immature corn, fully eared corn, and shelled corn of various moisture contents in each case. By assuming that the gas produced in the limited aerobic fermentation caused no change in volume, and that the volume of the gas collected resulted largely from anaerobic fermentation to ethyl alcohol, loss in sugar and energy could be calculated. In each case, the more immature the crop and the higher the moisture content in a crop of any maturity, the lower the production of carbon dioxide per gram of dry matter. With damper silages, fermenting to a final pH of about 4, samples treated with calcium carbonate produced an extra volume of gas that was essentially identical to that of the carbon dioxide available from the calcium carbonate in an acid solution. Drier silages often produced a much higher pH, and little extra CO2 when treated with calcium carbonate. The production of an additional 2% of lactic acid (neutralized by the added lime) appeared to require no additional evolution of carbon dioxide in anaerobic fermentation.
Effect of Time of Rhizomatous Propagation of a Temperate Zone Bamboo on Shoot Growth1
Authors: DeRigo H. T. , Hawley W. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn experiment was designed to evaluate the influence of time of rhizomatous propagation of a temperate zone bamboo, Phyllostachys viridis, on shoot growth. Propagules (rhizomes) were dug at random from the field at approximately monthly intervals from September 30, 1960 to September 5, 1961. Three nodal sections of the propagules were planted in the greenhouse and evaluated 6 weeks later for the percent of nodal buds producing shoots and for the resultant shoot growth.There was no significant difference in mean shoot growth from rhizomes propagated during September, November, or December. December propagation favored smaller, but a greater number of shoots. Fifty percent greater shoot growth was realized from the propagation on February 21, 1961 than any earlier or later planting due to both the number of shoots produced and their average height per node.
Effect of Selected Soil Fertility Parameters on Soybean Yields1
Authors: Walker W. M. , Long O. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA soybean yield prediction equation was developed by fitting a regression model that included the variables lime, molybdenum, PK fertilizer, soil pH, soil phosphorus, soil potassium, and soybean yields at 5 sites over periods of 2 to 5 years for a total of 14 location‐years. A total of 352 yield observations with their associated lime‐fertilizer‐soil test levels were used. The regression analysis is described and the statistical significance of parameters in the regression model was measured.The predicted optimum soil levels of pH, P, and K for maximum yields were determined. One set of isoquants was developed showing various combinations of soil pH values and tons of agricultural limestone required for selected yield levels; a second set was developed showing various combinations of soil P and K.
Influence of Triiodobenzoic Acid on Growth, Nodulation and Yields of Inoculated Soybeans1
Authors: Burton Joe C. , Curley R. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn field studies with two lines of inoculated soybeans, a spray application of 1 ounce per acre of triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) during the early blossom period reduced plant height by 16%, increased branching, shortened leaf petioles, and produced a conical‐shaped row profile. Pod numbers were increased by 4 to 15% and were concentrated on the lower branches; lodging was minimal. With 36‐inch rows, TIBA had no effect on yield.Nodulation of the TIBA treated plants was equal to that of untreated plants. No adverse effect on symbiotic nitrogen fixation was noted. Inoculation produced significant yield increases on both untreated and TIBA treated plants. With TIBA, inoculation increased yield only when plants received a side‐dressing of fertilizer nitrogen in mid‐August. Apparently the nodules were unable to supply the demand of TIBA treated plants for nitrogen during the heavy podding stage.
Comparison of Calcium and Boron Deficiencies of the Peanut I. Physiological and Yield Differences1
Authors: Harris Henry C. , Brolmann John B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractComparisons of calcium and boron deficiency and normal peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L. var. “Florigiant”) were made from plants grown to maturity on soils supplying inadequate and adequate (with fertilization) levels of these nutrients. The characteristics of boron and calcium deficiencies were distinctive and strikingly different. Boron deficiency seemed to affect all parts of the plant. It changed foliage characteristics, flowering pattern, and usually increased shoot and root yields. However, the deficiency decreased fruit yield and caused poor quality of fruit. In contrast, calcium deficiency seemed to affect only fruit yield and quality. Without calcium the yield usually was lower and the quality of the seed poorer.
Forage and Nitrogen Production by Subclover‐Grass and Nitrogen‐fertilized California Grassland1
Authors: Jones Milton B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA 3‐year study was made with resident annual grasses and broadleaf herbs in 3 management systems and 8 fertility treatments.In a moisture‐deficient year (rains commencing late in November and ending in March), stands of subclover‐grass produced forage yields equivalent to those from California annual‐type grasslands fertilized with 45 to 90 kg N/ha. Uptake of N by subclover was equivalent to 90 to 179 kg N/ha in this dry year. In a moisture‐adequate year (rains commencing in early October and ending in May), subclover‐grass stands produced more forage than did resident grasslands fertilized with 179 kg N/ha. In this same year, uptake of N by subclover‐grass was about double that by grass fertilized with 179 kg N/ha. Nitrogen fertilization made its most valuable contribution to forage production during the winter period. Second and third year stands of subclover also increased production early in the season but made the greatest gains in April and May.
Effect of Soil pH, Drainage, and Fertility on Growth, Survival, and Element Content of Crownvetch, Coronilla varia L.1
Authors: McKee Guy W. , Langille Allan R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField observations and greenhouse studies indicated that crownvetch, Coronilla varia L., required good to excellent drainage, a pH of 6.5 to 7.0, and high levels of P, K, Ca, and Mg for rapid seedling growth and stand persistence. Crownvetch compared favorably with ‘Mansheld’ birdsfoot trefoil in rate of seedling growth. While minor cultivar differences in relative top and root growth were noted, ‘Chemun’, ‘Emerald,’ and ‘Penngih’ crownvetch all produced dense vegetative canopies 2 to 3 months after seeding. On 42 highway slopes successfully seeded to crownvetch in 27 Pennsylvania counties, areas of poor or zero crownvetch cover on upper and lower portions of the slope were more closely associated with limiting physical conditions, poor drainage, or extreme desiccation, than with inadequate fertility or low pH.
Pathways of Nitrogen Transfer in Some Tropical Legume‐Grass Associations1
Authors: Whitney A. S. , Kanehiro Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree ways by which legumes release nitrogen for possible transfer to an associated grass were evaluated in greenhouse experiments utilizing Desmodium intortum (Mill.) Urb., D. canum (Gmel.) Schintz & Thellung, and Centrosema pubescens Benth. Legume root systems, growing in cinders and perfused with nitrogen‐free solutions, normally released only trace amounts of nitrogen to the solutions. However, immediatedly after the plants were cut back marked increases in the release of ammonium and amino nitrogen were observed. When the root systems of nitrogen‐starved grass plants (Digitaria decumbens Stent) were perfused in series with the legume roots, significant nitrogen transfer occurred from the more vigorous legume plants, especially after cutting back the legumes.Release of soluble nitrogen from legume leaves due to leaching was studied by shaking excised leaves of varying ages in distilled water. The amounts of soluble nitrogen extracted were always small, but rapidly expanding leaves, yellowing leaves, and shaded leaves contained much higher levels of extractable amino nitrogen than did other classes of leaves.Leaf fall accounted for significant nitrogen losses from D. intortum and C. pubescens plants allowed to shed mature leaves over a period of time, thus providing a third source of transferable nitrogen.The combined effects of root losses, leaching of leaves, and leaf fall provide an adequate explanation for the nitrogen transfer observed in an earlier small plot experiment.
Trifluralin Behavior in Soil. II. Volatilization as Influenced by Concentration, Time, Soil Moisture Content, and Placement1
Authors: Bardsley C. E. , Savage K. E. , Walker J. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVapor loss of trifluralin from water was found to be proportional to concentration, with losses being greater uring a 12‐hour period than during an 8‐hour period.Vapor losses were greater from a soil at maximum retentive capacity than from a soil at field capacity when the trifluralin was applied at equal rates to the soil surface. This is attributed to a greater proportion of free liquid available for vapor loss (high moisture), more trifluralin in the liquid due to the solubility effect, and to competition of water with the herbicide for adsorption sites.Placement of trifluralin 1.27 cm (½ inch) below the soil surface resulted in a very low vapor loss of the same magnitude for both moisture regimes.The experiments were run in a vapor‐trap apparatus involving still air. It is presumed that air movement would accelerate vapor losses of this compound under certain conditions.
Weed Control Methods for Kinkaoil, Kenaf, and Sunn Crotalaria1
Authors: Burnside O. C. , Williams J. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThese studies deal with mechanical, cultural, and chemical weed control methods that will selectively control weeds in kinkaoil (Vernonia anthelmintica Willd.), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), and sunn crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.). Sunn crotalaria was most competitive, followed closely by kenaf, with kinkaoil being a very poor competitor to the annual weeds present. The most selective herbicide for these crops was α,α,α,‐trifluro‐2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐p‐toluidine (trifluralin). The crops can be ranked from most to least tolerant to trifluralin as follows: kenaf, sunn crotalaria, and kinkaoil. A combination of cultivation plus trifluralin gave the most effective and consistent weed control in the seed crop, kinkaoil, and the pulp crops, kenaf and sunn crotalaria.
Response of Corn to White and Black Ground Covers1
Authors: Aase J. K. , Kemper W. D. , Danielson R. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCorn was grown in rows between sloping concrete slabs painted either black or white. Grain yields were highest for the black concrete treatment. Transpiration was increased about 40% by the white concrete treatment.With white surfaces, leaf temperatures were about 1 C higher and reflected radiation was five to six times greater compared to black surfaces. Corn leaves sampled adjacent to black concrete contained 40% more chlorophyll than corn leaves sampled adjacent to white concrete.
Extraction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides from Soils1
Authors: Pionke H. B. , Chesters G. , Armstrong D. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA Soxhlet procedure is described for the quantitative extraction from soils of γ‐BHC, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, p,p′‐DDD, p,p′‐DDT, and methoxychlor in mixtures containing all these insecticides. On prolonged equilibration (30 days) of the insecticides with soil, indicatons of γ‐BHC and aldrin degradation were noted. When soils were incubated in sealed containers to restrict O2 availability the rates of γ‐BHC and aldrin degradation were enhanced. No effect of soil H2O content at the time of incubation or extraction on the efficiency of the extraction procedure was found.
Varietal Tolerance of Tobacco to Ozone Dose Rate
Authors: Menser H. A. , Hodges G. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe determined the relative degree of ozone injury to genetically susceptible and resistant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants in studies of ozone tolerance. Essentially equal ozone doses derived from three ozone concentrations and nine exposure intervals were imposed on three tobacco varieties in fumigation experiments. Length of exposure determined relative injury at 0.10 ppm, but ozone concentration controlled injury when plants were exposed at 0.20 and 0.30 ppm. Ozone‐resistant cv. ‘Bel‐B’ sustained less than 10% total injury from a 0.15 ppmhr dose given at any of the three ozone concentrations. A 0.15 ppmhr dose, however, caused significantly greater injury to ozone‐susceptible cv. ‘Bel‐W3’ at the two higher ozone concentrations. Ozone caused almost 40% leaf injury to Bel‐B when we exposed plants to a 0.30 ppmhr dose at 0.20 and 0.30 ppm, but total injury remained near 10% when the 0.30 ppmhr dose was given at 0.10 ppm. Results indicate that varietal response to ozone is controlled by exposure interval and concentration rather than ozone concentration independently. Ozone dose rate affected the size of fleck lesions displayed by Bel‐W3. Leaves exposed for 6 hr at 0.10 ppm developed flecks four to six times larger than the flecks obtained after 1 hour at 0.30 ppm.
Adaptation of a Linear Transducer for Measuring Leaf Thickness1
Authors: Heilman M. D. , Gonzalez C. L. , Swanson W. A. , Rippert W. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA linear displacement transducer has been successfully adapted for determining leaf thickness. Leaf thicknesses were determined on young and mature leaves of seven plant species. Measured differences in leaf thickness of cotton following treatment with a growth regulator are also reported.
Effect of Varying Levels of Soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus and Soil Temperature on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Bromegrass and Reed Canarygrass1
Authors: Read D. W. L. , Ashford R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBromegrass and reed canarygrass responded differently to soil temperature, available soil P, and phosphatic fertilizer when grown in a growth chamber. Bromegrass yielded less than reed canarygrass but contained more N and P in the forage. The difference in P content was greatest on soils with medium levels of P and was very small on soils with either high or low levels of P. The yield of reed canarygrass was reduced more by lower temperature than the yield of bromegrass. The study was conducted at three soil temperatures, on three soils differing in levels of available P and applications of four rates of phosphatic fertilizer.
Drainage with Perforated Plastic Tubing1
Authors: Klock G. O. , Boersma L. , Watts D. G. , Brooks R. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe feasibility of placing drains at shallow depths and close together to improve drainage conditions on a planosol was evaluated. Field lysimeters were obtained by surrounding soil blocks with vertical sheets of heavy plastic penetrating well into the impermeable subsoil. Perforated plastic tubing placed 22.5 feet (approx. 6.9 m) apart at a depth of 20 inches (approx. 51 cm) provided adequate drainage. Dupuit alfalfa yielded better than 10 T/A dry matter. Manganese levels were below concentrations considered toxic. When a spacing of 45.0 feet (approx. 13.7 m) was used, the alfalfa yields were greatly reduced, and the manganese concentrations were well above levels considered toxic.
Effect of Plant Age and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Chemical Composition and In Vitro Cellulose Digestibility of Tropical Grasses1
Authors: Gomide J. A. , Noller C. H. , Mott G. O. , Conrad J. H. , Hill D. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, on a sandy loam soil low in fertility and a pH of 5.1. The mean monthly rainfall ranged from near zero during the 5‐ to 6‐month winter dry season and up to 330 mm in the mid‐summer wet season. The percentages of dry matter, crude protein, cellulose, crude fiber, and in vitro digestibility were determined on six tropical grass species: Melinis minutiflora Beauv., Digitaria decumbens Stent., Pennisetum purpureum Schum., Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst, Cynodon dactylon Pers., and Panicum maximum Jacq. var. Gongylodes Doell. Samples were taken with advancing age every 4 weeks beginning at the outset of the wet summer seasons in each of 2 years, 1964 and 1965, and each sampling period continued for 36 weeks. Lime, N, P, and K were applied as a basal application. In addition, N was applied each year at the rates of 0, 100, and 200 kg/ha. The increase in dry matter percentage was linear over time with an increase of 21.2 to 51.4% for all grasses. P. purpureum had the lowest dry matter percentage and C. dactylon the highest. Application of N fertilizer resulted in decreased dry matter percentage during the early growth stages but not at the more mature stages. The crude fiber percentage increased with age and the in vitro cellulose digestibility decreased. The cellulose percentage of three of the grasses increased with age while the other three remained almost constant during the sampling period.
Effect of Time and Method of Nitrogen Application and Source of Nitrogen on the Yield and Nitrogen Content of Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Stevenson C. K. , Baldwin C. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFall plowdown, spring preplant, and side‐dress applications of nitrogen were compared in field experiments on Brookston clay, Brookston clay loam, and Haldimand silt loam soils. Ammonium nitrate, urea, and anhydrous ammonia were compared at 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N/ha. Spring application (preplant or side‐dress) produced higher grain yields than fall application in all experiments regardless of the rate of nitrogen applied. Preplanting the nitrogen was as effective in increasing grain yield as the side‐dress method. Yield results with fall‐applied nitrogen were poorer on the clay soil than the loam soils. Spring application of nitrogen gave 370 to 2,610 kg/ha higher yield of corn grain than fall application on clay soils, and 200 to 1160 kg/ha higher yield of corn grain on the loam soils. No rate of nitrogen applied in the fall was found that would give the same yield as the optimum rate applied in the spring. The three nitrogen materials gave similar results whether applied in the fall or in the spring.The nitrogen content of the grain varied with the time and method of application of nitrogen. Grain from plots that received nitrogen in the fall was markedly lower in percent nitrogen than grain from plots that received nitrogen in the spring.
Stand and Early Growth of Orchardgrass and Red Clover Seeded after No‐Tillage Corn1
Authors: Moschler W. W. , Jones G. D. , Shear G. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIncreased soil moisture, pH, organic matter, and available phosphorus and calcium in the 0 to 5‐cm soil layer were found after corn (Zea mays L.) was grown by the notillage method rather than by the conventional method. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)—red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) mixtures seeded in early spring after no‐tillage corn gave better stands and better early growth than when seeded after conventionally tilled corn.