bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Resveratrol on Bcl-2 and VEGF Expression in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Li Wenlin , Jiang Deyong 
Published: December 2011

Purpose:
To explore the effect of resveratrol on B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods:
Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 60) were randomly assigned to five groups. Group A received normal partial oxygen pressure and groups B, C, D, and E received 75% ± 2% oxygen for 5 days to induce ROP. The rats in groups C, D, and E were intragastrically treated with resveratrol (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg/d, respectively) once daily for 5 days. Rats were killed at 17 days of age and the retina was collected.

Results:

Western blot analysis revealed increased Bcl-2 protein expression in group B versus group A. Levels of Bcl-2 decreased with the increase of resveratrol concentration in groups C, D, and E. The optical density of Bcl-2 protein expression in group B was four times higher than that in group A (
P
< .01). When compared with group B, expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF in groups C, D, and E decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Significant differences in expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF were also noted among the three treatment groups with resveratrol (
P
< .01). After treatment with resveratrol at 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg/d, the inhibition rate of Bcl-2 expression was 11.1%, 38.1%, and 69.8% and that of VEGF expression was 3.4%, 23.0%, and 43.7%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Resveratrol can significantly inhibit expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF in the retina of neonatal rats with oxygen-induced ROP. It may provide a protective effect on retinal neovascular diseases, including ROP.
Management and Outcomes of Suction Loss During LASIK Flap Creation With a Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Tomita Minoru , Watabe Miyuki , Nakamura Tadayuki , Nakamura Nobuo , Tsuru Tadahiko , Waring George O. 
Published: December 2011

PURPOSE:
To evaluate risk factors, management, and outcomes in patients who experienced suction loss during LASIK flap creation with a femtosecond laser (Intra-Lase FS 60, Abbott Medical Optics Inc).

METHODS:
Pre- and postoperative visual outcomes and refractions for 71 eyes of 70 patients after suction loss during flap creation with the IntraLase FS60 femtosecond laser were analyzed and studied.

RESULTS:
In patients requiring a second or third lamellar flap cut immediately after suction loss, 97.2% of eyes achieved uncorrected distance visual acuity of 0.00 logMAR (20/20) or better and 100% of eyes achieved corrected distance visual acuity of 0.00 logMAR (20/20) or better at most recent follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study suggests that excellent visual outcomes can be achieved if an immediate lamellar recut is performed after suction loss with a femtosecond laser.
Atypical Presentation of Influenza A/H1N1 in a Chronic Kidney Disease Patient
Authors: Kute Vivek B. , Trivedi Hargovind L. , Shah Pankaj R. , Vanikar Aruna V. , Gumber Manoj R. 
Published: December 2011

There is currently little information about the presentation and clinical course of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis. CKD patients are at a high risk of H1N1 infection associated complications during this pandemic. H1N1 influenza is an important differential diagnosis in CKD patients on dialysis who are short of breath or febrile. We report an atypical clinical presentation of H1N1 influenza in a CKD patient. Uremia-induced immune dysfunction might lead to this atypical presentation. Hemodialysis patients are positioned close to each other during their dialysis treatment. Delayed diagnosis due to atypical clinical presentation of H1N1 might increase their exposure to transmission of respiratory infection. Physicians should be aware of this atypical clinical presentation of H1N1 influenza in CKD patients, especially during the flu season, for early diagnosis and prompt antiviral treatment. Delayed diagnosis due to atypical clinical presentation of H1N1 might increase their exposure to transmission of respiratory infection. Physicians should be aware of this atypical clinical presentation of H1N1 influenza in CKD patients, especially during the flu season, for early diagnosis and prompt antiviral treatment.
Grassroots Efforts Pursue Alcohol Policy Reform: Refocusing Upstream in New Mexico
Authors: Stivers Cathie 
Published: December 2011

Organization Setting. The New Mexico Alcohol Issues Consortium (NMAIC) originated in January 1989 as a grassroots effort to focus on the reduction of driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) in New Mexico. It was the brainchild of three state health department officials and grew to include in its membership representatives from education, medicine, law enforcement, neighborhood associations, business, and local and state government. Rationale. New Mexico ranks at or near the top in several alcohol-related statistics, including motor vehicle fatalities, cirrhosis, and alcoholism. Furthermore, the ‘alcohol environment’ in New Mexico included the allowance for the purchase of alcoholic beverages at drive-up windows, lax enforcement of DWI laws, and even state legislators with DWI records. Theoretical bases upon which NMAIC goals and strategies were based include the public health model, the public health/dynamic systems model of alcohol and other drug use, and ‘refocusing upstream’, all of which give attention to the environment as a determinant of health status. Implementation. While the NMAIC's activities addressed a variety of alcohol-related problems in New Mexico, the bulk of the organization's efforts for four years were directed toward increasing the excise tax on alcohol, either as a statewide measure or via county-level local option referenda. Strategies which were enacted to support this legislative activity included collaboration with other programs and organizations with similar DWI-prevention goals, and staged media events to solicit public support. Impact. In four years, the NMAIC had established itself as a credible organization which was successful in publicly and systematically challenging existing alcohol policies in New Mexico. The NMAIC was also instrumental in empowering individuals and communities to speak and act against the alcohol problems in their own communities. Finally, during the 1993 New Mexico Legislative Session, a bill was passed which mandated a statewide excise tax increase on alcohol. For its efforts, the NMAIC has won one national level award and one state level award for its contribution to the public health of New Mexico. Discussion. The NMAIC is now pursuing passage of the local option version of the excise tax increase bill, because it could generate up to three limes as much revenue as the new statewide increase. Additionally, Consortium members have escalated discussions regarding nonprofit status for the NMAIC, and developing a more formal mechanism for determining leadership. Members continue their participation in trainings on community organizing, media advocacy, and alcohol policy reform.
Ten Years of Anti-Smoking Programs in Italy: A Review
Authors: Arciti Carla , Pistone Mario , Persici Paola , Barbieri Angelo , Santi Leonardo 
Published: December 2011

A diverse anti-smoking program for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases has been ongoing in Italy since 1981, coordinated by the National Cancer Institute of Genoa and the Italian League Against Cancer of Genoa. The program includes several initiatives addressed to different target groups; schoolchildren and teachers, military personnel, doctors and nurses, and women. A preliminary inquiry on the attitudes and habits towards smoking was implemented by the distribution of questionnaires to the various groups involved in the program. An annual school-based anti-smoking program involves about 10,000 students aged four to 18 and their teachers. Meetings are delivered by experts to groups of 20 to 40 students with the aid of specific audiovisual material, which are periodically updated. Additional informative material, leaflets, and posters are distributed to both schoolchildren and teachers. Another educational program on primary prevention of smoking-related health hazards is addressed to military recruits, career soldiers, and medical officers. It consists of several initiatives: training of military doctors and nurses, lectures to military recruits, and distribution of informative material in the barracks. An annual meeting is organized to discuss program implementation and results. Surveys are carried out by distributing an anonymous questionnaire to health professionals in several Italian hospitals to assess the smoking habits of doctors and their attitudes and practices towards counseling patients against smoking. The results show marked differences in smoking habits in the cities under study.
Review of Spiritual Health: Definition, Role, and Intervention Strategies in Health Promotion
Authors: Hawks Steven R. , Hull Melisa L. , Thalman Rebecca L. , Richins Paul M. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose of the Review. Recognition of the spiritual dimension as a vital component of human wellness has led to an increased interest in spirituality education, yet very little progress has been made in identifying possible intervention methods for enhancing spirituality. The purpose of this article is to review current definitions of spiritual health; provide an overview of several successful intervention methods that may enhance spiritual health; and outline potential relationships between spiritual health interventions and behavioral, emotional, and physical health outcomes. Search Method Used. Research and review articles were identified through a CD-ROM computer search of ERIC (1966 to 1994), PSYCHLIT (1974 to 1994), and MEDLINE (1991 to 1994) databases using appropriate key words. Cumulative indexes from Advances (1984 to 1993) were manually searched, and reference lists from identified studies and literature reviews were analyzed. A total of 71 articles were identified and considered. Model interventions were chosen for presentation on the basis of soundness of research design, peer-review publication, clear description of intervention method, and relationship to spiritual health components. Summary of Important Findings. Imagery, meditation, and group support activities may address various components of spiritual health such as meaning and purpose in life; self-awareness; and connectedness with self others, and a larger reality. In turn, positive changes in health behaviors such as communication, diet activity, and treatment compliance were noted, and a variety of beneficial physical and emotional health outcomes such as heart disease, reversal, decreased cancer mortality, reduced anxiety, and improved mood states were reported. Major Conclusions. Health educators are in a position to develop, implement, and evaluate spiritual health interventions within the context of comprehensive programs. There is a need for training in the theoretical and methodologic foundations of interventions like meditation, imagery, and group support and a need for more evaluation research in the impact of such interventions.
Efficacy of Computerized Health Risk Appraisal as Part of a Periodic Health Examination at the Worksite
Authors: Gemson Donald H. , Sloan Richard P. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of computerized health risk appraisal (HRA) when it is incorporated into a periodic health examination at the worksite. Design. A randomized, controlled trial comparing change in health behaviors for a 6-month follow-up period was conducted. Setting. A large financial services firm in New York City. Subjects. A total of 161 employees who volunteered for a worksite periodic health examination. Intervention. All employees received a physician-based history and physical examination, including laboratory tests, and were counseled on the basis of the results. Half the employees were randomly assigned, to receive an HRA report, with counseling from the 1984 version of the Centers for Disease Control HRA, whereas the other half completed the HRA questionnaire but received no HRA report or counseling. Measures. Blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight were measured by project staff physical activity and seatbelt use were measured by self-report, and change in computerized appraised age was calculated by the HRA program. Results. Evaluation of the 90 participants who returned for follow-up revealed a statistically significant improvement in computerized appraised age and physical activity in those who had received the HRA report and counseling compared with those who had not (p <.05), and also showed trends toward greater improvement in blood pressure, weight, and seatbelt use. Conclusions. Results provide support for the efficacy of HRA when incorporated into a periodic health examination at the worksite.
Analyzing Molecular Interactions
Authors: Petsko Gregory A. , Yates John R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMolecular interactions are key processes that drive the functions of molecules. Large data sets of protein interaction data are being assembled that will help analyze structural and functional aspects of interactions. This chapter introduces techniques for analyzing both the structural aspects of molecular interactions and methods to use this information to understand and define biological pathways. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 36:8.1.1‐8.1.4. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using QIIME to Analyze 16S rRNA Gene Sequences from Microbial Communities
Authors: Kuczynski Justin , Stombaugh Jesse , Walters William Anton , González Antonio , Caporaso J. Gregory , Knight Rob 
Published: December 2011

AbstractQIIME (canonically pronounced “chime”) is a software application that performs microbial community analysis. It is an acronym for Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology, and has been used to analyze and interpret nucleic acid sequence data from fungal, viral, bacterial, and archaeal communities. The following protocols describe how to install QIIME on a single computer and use it to analyze microbial 16S sequence data from nine distinct microbial communities. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 36:10.7.1‐10.7.20. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Introduction to the Informatics of “Next‐Generation” Sequencing
Authors: Stein Lincoln D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) packs the sequencing throughput of a 2000's‐era genome center into a single affordable machine. However, software developed for conventional sequencing technologies is often inadequate to deal with the nature of NGS technologies, which produce short, massively parallel reads. This unit surveys the software packages that are available for managing and analyzing NGS data. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 36:11.1.1‐11.1.9. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identification of Novel and Known miRNAs in Deep‐Sequencing Data with miRDeep2
Authors: Mackowiak Sebastian D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractmiRNAs comprise an abundant class of small non‐coding RNAs that play important roles in a wide range of biological processes by post‐transcriptional regulation of a large fraction of animal genes. High‐throughput sequencing machines and the availability of completely sequenced genomes make it possible to reliably identify miRNAs with computational methods. This unit documents how to use the miRDeep2 software package to identify novel and known microRNAs in small RNA deep‐sequencing data. Moreover, the usage of miRDeep2 to profile miRNA expression across samples is illustrated. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 36:12.10.1‐12.10.15. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Actinides: Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Burns Carol J. , Clark David L. , Sattelberger Alfred P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn actinide organometallic complex is one containing an actinide‐carbon π‐bond, an actinide‐carbon σ‐bond, or a combination of both. Actinide organometallic complexes are known for the actinide (An) elements from thorium through californium; the vast majority of the reports on organoactinide compounds, however, deal with thorium and uranium. The latter elements have isotopes, for example, thorium‐232 (t1/2 = 1.41 × 1010years) and uranium‐238 (t1/2 = 4.468 × 109years), with extremely long half‐lives. Modern organoactinide chemistry is characterized by the existence not only of actinide analogs to many classes of d transition metal complexes, but increasingly common reports of compounds and types of reactions unique to the actinide series.
Alloys
Authors: Giessen Bill C. , Hidalgo Rafael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article treats the current state of fundamental understanding, development, and applications of alloys, with emphasis on alloy chemistry rather than physical metallurgy. First, alloy phases and phase diagrams are treated from a computational viewpoint. Next, technical alloys, including steels, aluminum alloys, superalloys, and titanium alloys, are reviewed; structural intermetallics are treated as a paradigm for theoretical predictive methods. A review of important specialty alloys follows, including hard and soft magnetic alloys, superconductors, shape memory, and magnetostrictive alloys, hydrogen storage alloys, solders, and alloy coatings. A brief survey of current advanced alloy preparation and characterization methods concludes the article.
Aluminum: Organometallic ChemistryBased in part on the article Aluminum: Organometallic Chemistry by Gregory H. Robinson which appeared in theEncyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition.
Authors: Mason Mark R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe synthesis, reactivity, structures, and applications of the organometallic compounds of aluminum are reviewed. The chapter starts with a discussion of traditional synthetic approaches to aluminum alkyls, aryls, hydrides, and halides and continues with a discussion of their structures and reactivity. The following section focuses on the emerging organometallic chemistry of Al(0), Al(I), and Al(II) and specifically highlights recent developments in aluminum–aluminum bonding, insertions of small molecules and elements into AlAl bonds, and the isolation of large metalloid clusters such as$\hbox{Al}_{50}\hbox{Cp}^{*}_{12}$. Organoaluminum heterocycles and cage compounds are the subjects of the next section. This section briefly describes common structural motifs and has separate subsections devoted to cage iminoalanes, alkylaluminoxanes, and alkylaluminophosphinates, ‐phosphates, ‐phosphonates, and ‐arsonates. Structural relationships amongst these groups of compounds and comparisons to secondary building units in aluminophosphate molecular sieves are presented. The importance of alkylaluminoxanes to catalytic activity is also discussed. This chapter includes an independent section on cationic organoaluminum complexes. Although this includes more traditional cationic complexes ligated by crown ether and neutral nitrogen‐donor ligands, the section emphasizes recent developments in generating two‐ and three‐coordinate cationic complexes. Alkide and hydride abstractions by trityl salts of weakly coordinating anions and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane are described. Common anion decomposition pathways and successful cationic systems for oligomerizing and polymerizing alkenes are discussed. Two additional sections describe the applications of organoaluminum compounds to organic synthesis and applications in industry. Readers are referred to leading works that more adequately describe the extensive use of organoaluminum reagents in organic synthesis. Current and past applications of organoaluminum compounds for the production of long‐chain alkenes and alcohols, as cocatalysts for Ziegler–Natta and metallocene‐catalyzed polymerization of alkenes and dienes, and catalysts for propene dimerization and epoxide polymerization are summarized. Safety issues regarding the handling and disposal of pyrophoric organoaluminum reagents and waste are also discussed. One hundred and twenty‐six reviews and original works are cited.
Ammonia &N‐Donor Ligands
Authors: House Donald A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe coordination chemistry of nonmacrocyclic ligands containing only N, C, and H atoms is surveyed. Such ligands include ammonia and linear polyamines as well as heterocyclic N‐compounds and catenated N‐systems. Among the topics discussed are N‐ligand synthesis, metal–N bond formation, reactions of coordinated N‐donor ligands, and the utilization of metal–N complexes. Structural and theoretical aspects include the consideration of metal–N stability constants, hard‐acid soft‐base concepts, inorganic reaction mechanisms, molecular mechanics, chelate ring stereochemistry, chirality, and supramolecular chemistry.
Antimony: Inorganic ChemistryBased in part on the article Antimony: Inorganic Chemistry by R. Bruce King which appeared in the
Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition
.
Authors: Breunig Hans Joachim 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
An overview of the inorganic chemistry of the element antimony is given in this article, which includes information on the occurrence, production, use, and properties of the element and of compounds with bonds between antimony and main group elements (except carbon) and transition metals.
Asymmetric Synthesis by Homogeneous CatalysisBased in part on the article Asymmetric Synthesis by Homogeneous Catalysis by Brice Bosnich which appeared in the
Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition
.
Authors: Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This section describes new approaches to asymmetric catalysis including screening mixtures of chiral ligands, applications of normally unresolvable ligands, chiral poisoning, asymmetric activation of racemic catalysts, asymmetric activation of enantioenriched catalysts, optimization of enantioselective catalysts using achiral and
meso
ligands, and combinatorial methods for catalyst generation.