bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1α,25(OH)2D3‐dependent modulation of Akt in proliferating and differentiating C2C12 skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Buitrago Claudia G. , Arango Nadia S. , Boland Ricardo L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe previously reported that 1α,25‐dihydroxy‐vitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] induces non‐transcriptional rapid responses through activation of Src and MAPKs in the skeletal muscle cell line C2C12. In the present study we investigated the modulation of Akt by the secosteroid hormone in C2C12 cells at proliferative stage (myoblasts) and at early differentiation stage. In proliferating cells, 1α,25(OH)2D3 activates Akt by phosphorylation in Ser473 in a time‐dependent manner (5–60 min). When these cells were pretreated with methyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin to disrupt caveolae microdomains, hormone‐induced activation of Akt was suppressed. Similar results were obtained by siRNA silencing of caveolin‐1 expression, further indicating that hormone effects on cell membrane caveolae are required for downstream signaling. PI3K and p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2, participate in 1α,25(OH)2D3 activation of Akt in myoblasts. The involvement of p38 MAPK in Akt phosphorylation by the hormone probably occurs through MAPK‐activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), which is activated by the steroid. In addition, the participation of Src in Akt phosphorylation by 1α,25(OH)2D3 was demonstrated using the inhibitor PP2 and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides that suppress Src expression. We also observed that PI3K participates in hormone‐induced proliferation. During the early phase of C2C12 cell differentiation 1α,25(OH)2D3 also increases Akt phosphorylation and activates Src. Of relevance, Src and PI3K are involved in Akt activation and in MHC and myogenin increased expression by 1α,25(OH)2D3. Altogether, these data suggest that 1α,25(OH)2D3 upregulates Akt through Src, PI3K, and p38 MAPK to stimulate myogenesis in C2C12 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1170–1181, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upregulation of recepteur d'origine nantais tyrosine kinase and cell invasiveness via early growth response‐1 in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Lee Ko E. , Park Jung S. , Khoi Pham N. , Joo Young E. , Lee Young H. , Jung Young D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAbnormal accumulation and activation of the recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) has been implicated in carcinogenesis of epithelial tumors. RON expression was induced by the tumor promoter, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), in gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. Studies with deleted and site‐directed mutagenesis of Egr‐1 promoter and with expression vectors encoding Egr‐1 confirmed that Egr‐1 is essential for RON expression. In addition, AGS cells pretreated with PMA showed remarkably enhanced invasiveness, which was partially abrogated by siRNA‐targeted RON and Egr‐1. These results suggest that tumor promoter induces RON expression via Egr‐1, which, in turn, stimulates cell invasiveness in AGS cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1217–1223, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a score to predict clinical deterioration in hospitalized children
Authors: Bonafide Christopher P. , Holmes John H. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Lin Richard , Landis J. Richard , Keren Ron 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Identification of the characteristics that put hospitalized children at high risk of deterioration may help to target patients whose physiologic status should be intensively monitored for signs of deterioration, and reduce unnecessary monitoring in patients at very low risk. Previous studies have evaluated vital sign‐based early warning scores to detect deterioration that has already begun.OBJECTIVE:To develop a predictive score for deterioration using non‐vital sign patient characteristics in order to risk‐stratify hospitalized children before signs of deterioration are detectable.DESIGN:Case‐control study.SETTING:A 460‐bed children's hospital.PATIENTS:Cases (n = 141) were children who deteriorated while receiving care on non‐intensive care unit (non‐ICU) inpatient units. Controls (n = 423) were randomly selected.MEASUREMENTS:The exposures were complex chronic conditions, other patient characteristics, and laboratory studies. The outcome was clinical deterioration, defined as cardiopulmonary arrest, acute respiratory compromise, or urgent ICU transfer.RESULTS:The 7‐item score included age <1 year, epilepsy, congenital/genetic conditions, history of transplant, enteral tube, hemoglobin <10 g/dL, and blood culture drawn in the preceding 72 hours. We grouped the patients into risk strata based on their scores. The very low‐risk group's probability of deterioration was less than half of baseline risk. The high‐risk group's probability of deterioration was more than 80‐fold higher than the baseline risk.CONCLUSIONS:We identified a set of characteristics associated with clinical deterioration in children. Used in combination as a score, these characteristics may be useful in triaging the intensity of monitoring and surveillance for deterioration that children receive while hospitalized on non‐ICU units. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012;
Heuristic linear mapping of physiological parameters in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI without T1 measurement and contrast agent concentration
Authors: Yuan Jing , Chow Steven K.K. , King Ann D. , Yeung David K.W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose:To present a novel heuristic linear mapping method to individually estimate physiological parameters for Tofts model without T1 measurement and contrast agent concentration.Materials and Methods:A linear relationship was used for kep mapping through a heuristic time intensity curve (TIC) shape factor (TSF). Ktrans maps were subsequently estimated using kep maps and another approximate linear model derived from the Tofts model. Twenty‐seven patients with head‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma received dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI). Physiological parameters maps were obtained using this heuristic linear mapping method and compared to the maps obtained by the normal nonlinear least‐square fitting with T1 measurement.Results:High linearity (R2 >0.95) between kep and TSF was found in all patients for kep <5/min. This linearity is robust for TSF timepoint selection. The kep maps generated by this linear fitting were highly consistent with those by the normal nonlinear approach (P > 0.05). The Ktrans maps were consistent with the normally derived maps in pattern distribution but the absolute value might be scaled due to the assumption of the reference Ktrans value.Conclusion:This novel method generates reliable and consistent physiological parameter maps with significantly lower computation complexity than the multiparameter nonlinear fitting. The DCE‐MRI scan time can be greatly shortened without T1 mapping. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:916–925. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The quality of life trajectory of resected gastric cancer
Authors: Munene Gitonga , Francis Wesley , Garland Sheila N. , Pelletier Guy , Mack Lloyd A. , Bathe Oliver F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundFew studies describe quality of life (QoL) outcomes following gastrectomy for gastric cancer using a validated instrument. The gastric cancer module for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy system of QoL measurement tools (FACT‐Ga) was utilized to determine the changes in QoL following gastrectomy, and during the disease course.MethodsIn 43 patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer, outcome such as complications, recurrence, and survival were annotated. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and QoL were determined preoperatively and at each follow‐up visit.ResultsNineteen (44%) patients and 24 (56%) patients underwent partial gastrectomy (PG) and total gastrectomy (TG), respectively. Complications occurred in 30%, and one mortality (2.3%) occurred. Median survival was 23 months. KPS, FACT‐G, and FACT‐Ga scores all decreased after surgery, and normalized by 6 months. There was no significant difference in QoL in patients who had a PG or TG, although the type of gastrectomy did affect KPS. QoL dropped on average 4.4 ± 3.6 months prior to death.ConclusionsSurgery adversely affects QoL for up to 6 months. Thereafter, QoL mirrors changes in disease status. More studies are required to document the QoL cost‐benefit ratio in gastric cancer, which often is accompanied by short survival benefits. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:337–341. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased expression of Beclin 1 correlates with a metastatic phenotypic feature and adverse prognosis of gastric carcinomas
Authors: Chen Ying‐Bo , Hou Jing‐Hui , Feng Xing‐Yu , Chen Shi , Zhou Zhi‐Wei , Zhang Xiao‐Shi , Cai Mu‐Yan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBeclin 1 plays a critical role in the regulation of autophagy, apoptosis, differentiation and the development and progression of cancer. The clinicopathological significance of Beclin 1 expression in patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) has not been yet elucidated.MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to investigate the Beclin 1 expression in GCs and normal mucosal tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, spearman's rank correlation, Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe highly expressed Beclin 1 was observed in 90/155 (58.1%) of GCs, in 24/60 (40.0%) adjacent mucosal tissues and in 13/30 (43.3%) of normal gastric mucosa tissues (P = 0.036). Decreased expression of Beclin 1 in cancer cells was significantly correlated with poor differentiation, nodal and distant metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and tumor relapse. More importantly, Decreased expression of Beclin 1 was associated with shorter survival as evidenced by univariate and multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur findings provide a basis for the concept that decreased expression of Beclin 1 in GC may be important in the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype, suggesting that decreased Beclin 1 expression, as examined by IHC, is an independent biomarker for poor prognosis of patients with GC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:542–547. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using gas chromatography to determine winter diets of greater sage‐grouse in Utah
Authors: Thacker Eric T. , Gardner Dale R. , Messmer Terry A. , Guttery Michael R. , Dahlgren Dave K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSagebrush (Artemisia spp.) constitutes the majority (>99%) of sage‐grouse (Centrocercus spp.) winter diets. Thus, identification and protection of important winter habitats is a conservation priority. However, not all sagebrush may be alike. More information is needed regarding sage‐grouse sagebrush winter dietary preferences for application to management. The objective of our research was to determine if chemical analysis of fecal pellets could be used to characterize winter sage‐grouse diets as a substitute for more invasive methods. We collected and analyzed fecal pellets and sagebrush samples from 29 different sage‐grouse flock locations in northwestern and southcentral Utah. Using gas chromatography, we were able to identify crude terpene profiles that were unique to Wyoming sagebrush (A. tridentata wyomingensis) and black sagebrush (A. nova). We subsequently used the profiles to determine sagebrush composition of sage‐grouse fecal pellets, thus reflecting sage‐grouse winter diets. This technique provides managers with a tool to determine which species or subspecies of sagebrush may be important in the winter diets of sage‐grouse populations. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Assessing the Degradation Profile of Functional Aliphatic Polyesters with Precise Control of the Degradation Products
Authors: Höglund Anders , Målberg Sofia , Albertsson Ann‐Christine 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe pre‐polymer poly(but‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diyl malonate) (PBM) and a series of PBM‐based materials are shown to be degradable under physiological conditions in vitro and they are therefore presented as potential materials for biomedical applications. Four different PBM‐based materials are synthesized: a PBM homopolymer, crosslinked PBM with and without spacer, and a triblock copolymer of PBM and PLLA with the PBM as an amorphous middle block. The polymers are subjected to hydrolytic degradation in phosphate‐buffered saline at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C. The results show that all the PBM‐based materials degrade without a rapid release of acidic degradation products or any substantial lowering of the pH that might jeopardize their biocompatibility.magnified image
Novel Epoxide Initiators for the Carbocationic Polymerization of Isobutylene
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Soytaş Serap Hayat , Lim Goy Teck 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSummary: We recently reported the synthesis of polyisobutylene (PIB) via direct initiation by epoxycyclohexyl isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS®) (Figure 1) in conjunction with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). This system successfully initiated the living carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) in hexane/methyl chloride (Hx/MeCl ‐60/40, v/v) at T = −80 °C, yielding an asymmetric telechelic PIB with one POSS® cage head group and one tert‐Cl end group.1 This paper will discuss IB polymerizations initiated by 1,2‐epoxycyclohexane and bis[3,4‐(epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl]‐tetramethyl‐disiloxane, in conjunction with TiCl4.
A reconstruction method for three‐dimensional pore space using multiple‐point geology statistic based on statistical pattern recognition and microstructure characterization
Authors: Xu Zhi , Teng Qizhi , He Xiaohai , Li Zhengji 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYTo predict the macroscopic properties (e.g., transport, electromagnetic, and mechanical properties) of porous media, it is necessary to have a three‐dimensional (3D) representation of porous media. We reconstruct the geologically realistic 3D structure of Fontainebleau sandstone based on the two‐dimensional (2D) thin sections by using the multiple‐point statistics method. For this method, the size of template is an important parameter that reflects the perceived scale of spatial structure of porous media. In this paper, we take advantage of entropy method to obtain the appropriate size of the template, which is proven to be correct and feasible. The reconstruction method proposed by us combines successive 2D MPS simulations as well as 3D MPS simulation, which takes account into the pore structure information (e.g., heterogeneity and connectivity) both intralayer and interlayer. This reconstruction method is tested on Fontainebleau sandstone for which 3D images from micro‐CT scanning are available. Applying local percolation theory analysis, this new approach can depict the expected patterns of geological heterogeneities. In addition, it also can well reproduce a high degree of connectivity of the pore space better than other reconstruction methods based on lower‐order statistics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A variational‐inequality approach to stochastic boundary value problems with inequality constraints and its application to contact and elastoplasticity
Authors: Arnst M. , Ghanem R. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with stochastic boundary value problems (SBVPs) whose formulation involves inequality constraints. A class of stochastic variational inequalities (SVIs) is defined, which is well adapted to characterize the solution of specified inequality‐constrained SBVPs. A methodology for solving such SVIs is proposed, which involves their discretization by projection onto polynomial chaos and collocation of the inequality constraints, followed by the solution of a finite‐dimensional constrained optimization problem. Simulation studies in contact and elastoplasticity are provided to demonstrate the proposed framework. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new weight‐function enrichment in meshless methods for multiple cracks in linear elasticity
Authors: Barbieri E. , Petrinic N. , Meo M. , Tagarielli V. L. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA new enriched weight function for meshless methods is proposed for the numerical treatment of multiple arbitrary cracks in two dimensions. The main novelty consists in modifying the weight function with an intrinsic enrichment which is discontinuous over the finite length of the crack, represented by a segment, but continuous all around the crack tips. An analytical function is used to introduce discontinuities that are incorporated in the kernel in a simple, multiplicative manner.The resulting method allows a more straightforward implementation and simulation of the presence of multiple cracks, crack branching and crack propagation in a meshless framework without using any of the existing algorithms such as visibility, transparency, and diffraction and without using additional unknowns and additional equations for the evolution of the level‐sets, as in extrinsic partition of unity‐based methods.Stress intensity factors calculated using the J‐integral demonstrate excellent agreement with analytical solutions for classical fracture mechanics benchmarks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmakologie der Betasympathomimetika
Authors: Gnadt Mirjam 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDie Pharmakokinetik inhalativ verabreichter Betasympathomimetika bestimmt maßgeblich das Ausmaß und die Dauer der erwünschten Atemwegserweiterung sowie der unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen. Das Zusammenspiel der pharmakokinetischen Vorgänge ist jedoch komplex, da zusätzlich zu der pulmonal resorbierten Dosisfraktion auch ein gewisser Prozentsatz durch gastrointestinale Absorption in den systemischen Kreislauf umverteilt wird. Eine lange Verweildauer im Lungengewebe durch Erhöhung der lipophilen Eigenschaften und eine geringe Tendenz zur Umverteilung aus dem Gastrointestinaltrakt in den systemischen Kreislauf durch einen hohen Firstpass‐Effekt sind daher notwendig, um eine pulmonale Selektivität der Therapie zu erzielen. Die Pharmakodynamik kurz‐ und langwirksamer β2‐Agonisten, charakterisiert durch den Wirkeintritt und ‐dauer und das Ausmaß der Bronchodilatation, ist nach gegenwärtiger Forschung nicht nur von den Substanzeigenschaften abhängig, sondern unterliegt auch verschiedenen Toleranzmechanismen und dem individuellen Genotyp des β2‐Rezeptors, die die Effektivität der Asthmatherapie einschränken können.
Darreichungsformen, Formulierungen und Depositionscharakteristika
Authors: Klar Fabian , Urbanetz Nora Anne 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBetasympathomimetika stehen für ihre beiden Hauptindikationsgebiete, die Tokolyse und die Therapie obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankungen, in unterschiedlichen Darreichungsformen zur Verfügung. Dabei kommen zur Tokolyse neben parenteralen Arzneiformen auch perorale Darreichungsformen zur Anwendung. Zur Therapie von Atemwegserkrankungen stehen neben parenteralen Zubereitungen perorale und insbesondere pulmonale Arzneiformen zur Verfügung. In der großen Gruppe der pulmonalen Darreichungsformen unterscheidet man prinzipiell Formulierungen, die mithilfe von Verneblern zur Anwendung kommen und solche, die mithilfe von Druckgasdosieraerosolen oder Pulverinhalatoren appliziert werden. Die unterschiedlichen Funktionsprinzipien und auch die Verfügbarkeit unterschiedlicher Wirkstärken der genannten pulmonalen Darreichungsformen gewährleisten eine adäquate Behandlung von Atemwegserkrankungen im Hinblick auf Indikationsstellung, Schwere der Erkrankung und die Bedürfnisse verschiedener Patientengruppen.
Betasympathomimetika und andere Arzneimittel zur Feuchtinhalationstherapie
Authors: Krämer Irene , Klemmer Anja 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDie Feuchtinhalation von vernebelten Inhalationslösungen oder Inhalationssuspensionen dient der pulmonalen Applikation von Arzneimitteln bei spezifischen Patientengruppen. Die Applikation an den Wirkort verbessert die Wirksamkeit und ist mit einer geringen systemischen Toxizität verbunden.Theoretische und praktische Aspekte der Verneblung von Inhalativa sowie die Information und Beratung der Patienten zur Feuchtinhalation werden nachfolgend vorgestellt. Insbesondere wird über Untersuchungen zur Kompatibilität von Arzneimitteln zur Feuchtinhalation im Verneblerreservoir und den Einfluss auf die Aerosoleigenschaften bei simultaner Verneblung berichtet.
Medizinische Chemie der β2‐Sympathomimetika
Authors: Lamers Christina , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDie Gruppe der β2‐Sympathomimetika spielt trotz kontroverser Diskussionen über die Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit eine wichtige Rolle in der Therapie der obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen. Über eine Aktivierung der β2‐Adrenozeptoren erreichen sie eine schnelle Bronchodilatation. Beim Blick in die Pipeline lässt sich ein Trend zu ultra‐langwirksamen und enantiomerenreinen Strukturen erkennen. Kristallstrukturanalysen haben zu erfolgreichen Strukturaufklärung des β2‐Rezeptors beitragen.
An investigation of band profile around the grain boundary of Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cell material by scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Takihara Masaki , Minemoto Takashi , Wakisaka Youichi , Takahashi Takuji 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe performed scanning tunneling spectroscopy on an as‐grown Cu(InGa)Se2 (CIGS) thin film and photo‐assisted Kelvin probe force microscopy on a CIGS solar cell. From these measurements, we estimated the band profile around the grain boundaries (GBs). The results indicate both downward bending of the conduction band edge and broadening of the band gap near GBs. We can therefore conclude that photo‐generated electrons and holes are easily separated by the built‐in field near GBs, and consequently their recombination at the GBs should be suppressed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of berry‐sizing effect of GA3 on seedless Vitis vinifera L.
Authors: Wang Zeng , Zhao Fengxia , Zhao Xiao , Ge Hui , Chai Lijuan , Chen Shangwu , Perl Avihai , Ma Huiqin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGibberellin (GA) is widely used in the table grape and raisin industries to enlarge the berries of seedless varieties. However, the mechanism underlying its berry‐sizing effect is poorly understood. In this study, clusters of Centennial Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) were treated with 30 ppm GA3 on day 12 after flowering, and berries were sampled at development stages I, II and III for proteomic analysis. Among the 1479 proteins detected on 2‐DE maps, 19, 70 and 69 spots in stages I, II and III, respectively, showed an at least twofold difference in volume between treatments and controls. Of these, 125 proteins were successfully identified and assigned to eight functional groups, chief among them are metabolism and energy, stress response, expression regulation and cytoskeleton proteins. Stress‐response proteins were predominantly down‐regulated in GA3‐treated berries in stages I and II, and significantly up‐regulated in stage III. Up‐regulation of cytoskeleton, cell‐wall modification and other important proteins was found in the two latter stages of berry development. Our proteomic results and subsequent validation revealed, for the first time, the role of redox homeostasis in GA3‐induced berry enlargement and markedly remodeled cellular protein expression in treated berries.