bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved performance of a large pig complex after sequential nursery depopulation
Authors: Dee S. A. , Joo H. S. , Polson D. D. 
Published: October 2010

An attempt was made to compare the productivity and financial benefits of nursery depopulation on five large pig farms which were all part of one complex. Each farm had been experiencing poor post weaning performance for 12 months, and had previously been infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv). A plan to depopulate each nursery sequentially was established, and the pigs were moved to fattening facilities on one of the farms (farm 3) where space was available. Over a four week period, the nurseries of farms 1, 2, 4 and 5 were emptied, cleaned and disinfected, and any changes in nursery performance, mortality and the seroprevalence of antibodies to PRRSV were then assessed for one year. The financial benefit to the entire farm complex was analysed by using partial budget methods. During the year a net benefit of $1,708,431 was assessed to the farm complex owing to the increased numbers of marketable pigs and the reduced antibiotic costs. There were highly significant improvements in nursery growth rate and decreases in mortality on farms 1, 2, 4 and 5, and antibodies to PRRSV were detected on farms 3 and 4 but not on farms 1, 2 and 5. The inability to empty the farm 3 fattening facility, which housed the pigs from the other sites, may have led to the maintenance of its PRRSV positive status and could have served as the source of virus for farm 4.
Actinobacillus suissepticaemia in two foals
Authors: Nelson K. M. , Darien B. J. , Konkle D. M. , Hartmann F. A. 
Published: October 2010

A 24‐hour‐old Hackney pony filly developed signs of weakness, depression and a poor suck reflex, with harsh lung sounds over both fields, and a 48‐hour‐old Arabian colt from a normal birth which had sucked vigorously developed loose stools and became depressed, weak and anorectic. Both foals had serum IgG concentrations greater than 800 mg/dl, but each had a severe neutropenia with a left shift, and blood cultures from both of them yieldedActinobacillus suis. TheA suisisolates had different antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and, in the case of the Arabian, the isolate was resistant to commonly used broad spectrum antimicrobial agents.
Estimation of the heritability of lameness in standardbred trotters
Authors: Dolvik N. I. , Gaustad G. 
Published: October 2010

The degree of lameness of 265 randomly selected three‐year‐old standardbred trotters was assessed on a fixed point scale with 0 indicating soundness and 5 indicating that the animals were not weightbearing. Two variables were used to describe the signs of lameness; one was the continuous variable: the sum of the initial lameness score and the lameness scores after separate flexion tests of the carpal, stifle/tarsal and phalangeal joints and the second was the bivariate variable; the ratio of lame/sound horses. The mean (sd) heritability of the continuous variable was estimated to be 0.25 (0.21), and the model was significant (P=0.05) with a determination coefficient of R2=0.14. For the bivariate variable, lame/sound, the heritability was estimated to be 0.33. The breeding values for the 16 sires in the analyses ranged from 72.2 to 130.5. No influence of gender on the prevalence of lameness was detected.
Comparisons of intravaginal and intrauterine insemination of bitches with fresh or frozen semen
Authors: Silva L. D. M. , Onclin K. , Lejeune B. , Verstegen J. P. 
Published: October 2010

To compare the importance of the route of insemination when using fresh or frozen semen, six groups of five bitches were inseminated either into the uterus (groups 4, 5 and 6) or the vagina (groups 1, 2 and 3) with fresh (groups 1 and 4) or frozen semen (groups 2, 3, 5 and 6). The fresh semen was collected when needed from the same dog. The frozen semen used in groups 2 and 5 was obtained from seven dogs on the same day, and pooled and processed simultaneously so that the groups were inseminated with exactly the same semen. The frozen semen used in groups 3 and 6 was obtained from different dogs and processed independently to evaluate not only the effect of the route of insemination but also the potential effect of the dog. The mean concentration of the fresh semen was 310 x 106spermatozoa/ml, its motility was greater than 80 per cent and the percentage of normal live spermatozoa was 80 to 92 per cent. The mean spermatozoal concentration of the frozen semen was 200 x 106spermatozoa/ml, its motility was greater than 60 per cent and the percentage of normal live spermatozoa was 80 per cent. In all the groups there were fewer than 15 per cent abnormal spermatozoa. The animals inseminated with fresh semen received significantly more spermatozoa than the others. The bitches were inseminated twice, three and five days after the estimated peak of luteinising hormone, with a total volume of 5 ml for the vaginal inseminations and 2 ml for the intrauterine inseminations. Sixty per cent of the bitches inseminated with frozen semen and 100 per cent of the bitches inseminated with fresh semen became pregnant, irrespective of the insemination technique used.
Tissue culture‐propagated orf virus vaccine protects lambs from orf virus challenge
Authors: Nettleton P. F. , Brebner J. , Pow I. , Gilray J. A. , Bell G. D. , Reid H. W. 
Published: October 2010

Twenty, eight‐day‐old specific pathogen‐free (SPF) lambs were vaccinated by a single scarification approximately 4 cm in length on the inner right thigh with a double‐pronged applicator. The titre of live virus in the vaccine was 107.2 TCID50 /ml and the estimated dose per lamb was 0.04 ml. Three months and six months later 10 of the vaccinated lambs and five agematched unvaccinated control specific pathogen free lambs were challenged by a single scarification with virulent virus on the inner left thigh in the same way. After the vaccination all 20 lambs developed lesions characteristic of orf virus infection that had largely resolved four weeks later, when they all had reciprocal ELISA antibody titres ≥3200 that persisted in all but one of them until they were challenged. After the challenge, the development of lesions in the vaccinated and unvaccinated sheep was compared daily for four weeks by means of a clinical scoring system. Both groups of vaccinated lambs had significantly lower (P<0.01) total clinical scores after challenge at three months and six months than the unvaccinated lambs.
Treatment of acute superficial digital flexor tendon injury in horses with polysulphated glycosaminoglycan
Authors: Dow S. M. , Wilson A. M. , Goodship A. E. 
Published: October 2010

Horses with acute injuries of the superficial digital flexor tendon were treated with a course of seven intramuscular injections of 500 mg of polysulphated glycosaminoglycan at four‐day intervals. Clinical assessments of the lesions were made by a veterinary surgeon at the time of each injection and 14 and 28 days after the last injection. A total of 150 courses of the drug were administered and adequately completed assessment forms were returned for 80 cases. Long‐term follow‐up data were obtained for 19 cases. The subjective assessments by the veterinary surgeons showed that in 80 per cent of cases the drug was felt to be of value in the treatment of acute tendon injury.
Tylosin in the treatment of canine superficial pyoderma
Authors: Harvey R. G. 
Published: October 2010

Thirty dogs with superficial pyoderma were treated orally with tylosin at a dose of 20 mg/kg twice daily for three weeks.Staphylococcus intermediuswas recovered from 21 (70 per cent) of the dogs. Twenty‐two of the dogs were free of clinical signs after three weeks of treatment and two dogs responded to a further two weeks of treatment, giving a total response rate of 80 per cent. Five cases (16.6 per cent) failed to respond and three of these subsequently responded to other antibacterial treatment. One dog suffered transient gastritis after the doses of tylosin and subsequently responded to a different antibacterial agent.
Use of the GnRH analogue, deslorelin acetate, in a slow‐release implant to accelerate ovulation in oestrous mares
Authors: Meyers P. J. , Bowman T. , Blodgett G. , Conboy H. S. , Gimenez T. , Reid M. P. , Taylor B. C. , Thayer J. , Jöchle W. , Trigg T. E. 
Published: October 2010

In two separate controlled clinical trials, the efficacy and safety of 2.2 mg of the GnRH analogue deslorelin, administered subcutaneously as a short‐term implant to normally cycling mares in oestrus with a dominant ovarian follicle more than 30 mm in diameter, were evaluated, using a placebo as a negative control. The oestrous cycle of each mare was followed by teasing, palpation per rectum and transrectal ultrasonography. Follicles were monitored every 24 hours by ultrasonography until ovulation occurred. The mares were either mated naturally or inseminated artificially. In trial 1, 174 mares were treated at six locations in Canada, and in trial 2, 98 mares were treated at three locations in the USA. In trial 1, the treatment with deslorelin reduced the mean (sd) time to ovulation from 84.2 (48.4) hours to 50.2 (19.6) hours (P<0.001) and in trial 2 it reduced it from 88.8 (40.3) hours to 54.1 (26.5) hours (P<0.001). In trial 1, the percentage of mares ovulating within 48 hours increased from 37.7 per cent in control mares to 86.1 per cent in treated mares (P<0.001) and in trial 2 the percentage increased from 26.5 to 80.9 per cent (P<0.001). In trial 2, the duration of oestrus in the deslorelin‐treated mares was reduced from 6.1 days to 4.3 days and the number of matings or artificial inseminations was reduced from 2.5 to 1.7 (P<0.001). In trial 1, days 12 to 20 pregnancy rates for matings at the treatment oestrus were not different for deslorelin‐treated (75.6 per cent) and placebo‐treated (66.1 per cent) mares. In trial 2, days 12 to 20 pregnancy rates from matings at the treatment oestrus were lower for deslorelin‐treated (58.7 per cent) than for placebotreated (83.3 per cent) mares (P<0.05), although pregnancy rates were similar for deslorelin‐treated (97.1 per cent) and placebo‐treated (95.0 per cent) mares after mating at the second oestrus. In both trials, pregnancy losses due to early or late abortions were within the normally expected range and similar for deslorelin‐treated (3.6 and 3.7 per cent, respectively) and placebo‐treated (13.4 and 7.5 per cent) mares. The treatments did not cause systemic side effects and local reactions at the implantation sites were slight and of short duration.
Dynamics of intramammary infection in the sheep caused by coagulase‐negative staphylococci and its influence on udder tissue and milk composition
Authors: Burriel A. R. 
Published: October 2010

Over an entire lactation 891 milk samples were collected from 99 ewes in a well‐managed dairy flock. Coagulase‐negative staphylococci were isolated from 53 (5.9 per cent) of the samples, with 13 (6.6 per cent) of the glands giving coagulasenegative staphylococci in two or more consecutive samples. When a somatic cell count threshold of 6 × 105/ml of milk was adopted as an indication of inflammation, 30 of the milk samples collected during early and mid‐lactation, which contained coagulase‐negative staphylococci, were considered to come from glands suffering subclinical mastitis. In five glands subclinical mastitis persisted for the entire lactation. A comparison of somatic cell counts measured with the fossomatic or Coulter counters suggested that the former gave the most reliable values, particularly in late lactation. After the experimental infection of 20 glands of meat breeds with coagulase‐negative staphylococci, five glands remained infected for all 49 days of observation and seven glands excreted bacteria intermittently. Irrespective of the presence of coagulase‐ negative staphylococci in the sample, the composition of the milk from the challenged glands was significantly modified (P<0.0001 for the infected, and P<0.01 for the uninfected glands). Fat and protein concentrations were increased and lactose decreased, suggesting that although coagulase‐negative staphylococci could not always be isolated, they persisted in many of the challenged glands and continued to influence the physiology of the gland. This possibility was supported by the presence of severe damage to the udder tissue of glands in which bacteria had been shown to be present for long periods.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone in goats
Authors: Cheng Z. , Welsh E. , Nolan A. , McKellar Q. A. 
Published: October 2010

Phenylbutazone was administered intravenously and orally to six goats as a single dose of 4.4 mg/kg and its disposition and bioavailability and the disposition of its active metabolite, oxyphenbutazone, in plasma were investigated. The effect of the administration of the drug and of oxyphenbutazone on ex vivo serum thromboxane (TX)B2 generation in platelets was also studied. Phenylbutazone was eliminated slowly with mean (se) elimination half‐lives (t½β) of 15.3 (1.15) hours and 22.0 (3.32) hours after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. The bioavailability of phenylbutazone paste administered orally was 61 (7) per cent (corrected by the t½β) and relatively slow absorption was observed, as indicated by a time of maximum drug concentration (tmax) of 3.47 (0.39) hours and a mean absorption time (MAT) of 10.4 (8.61) hours. The concentration of oxyphenbutazone in plasma was low and the ratio of the areas under the curve (AUC) of oxyphenbutazone to phenylbutazone was approximately 0.02:1 after both intravenous and oral administration. Thromboxane B2 generation in the platelets was significantly inhibited (P<0.05) from one to 12 hours after intravenous administration and from two to 12 hours after oral administration. The results suggest that phenylbutazone is a potentially useful non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug for use in goats by either route of administration.
Medetomidine as a premedicant for ketamine, propofol or fentanyl anaesthesia in dogs
Authors: Hellebrekers L. J. , Sap R. 
Published: October 2010

This study evaluated the quality of anaesthesia and the cardiorespiratory effects induced by the combination of medetomidine with either ketamine, propofol or fentanyl. Medetomidine premedication (1000 or 1500 μg/m2body surface area) was followed by intravenous induction of anaesthesia with ketamine (3.0 mg/kg), propofol (2.0 mg/kg) or fentanyl (2.0 μg/kg) in bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Anaesthesia was prolonged by incremental doses of the induction agents as necessary. The mean (sem) overall doses (including induction) were 0.09 (0.01) mg/kg/min for ketamine, 0.06 (0.01) mg/kg/min for propofol and 0.07 (0.005) μg/kg/min for fentanyl during procedures which lasted 88 (6) minutes, 72 (3) minutes and 79 (7) minutes, respectively. At the end of the procedure, medetomidine was antagonised with atipamezole. The quality of anaesthesia, heart rate and arterial blood pressure were recorded continuously and arterial blood gases were measured at intervals. At the end of the procedure, the animals received 10 μg/kg buprenorphine intramuscularly for postoperative analgesia. From the adequacy of anaesthesia, the lack of significant adverse side effects and the reliable and rapid recovery it is concluded that, in healthy dogs anaesthetised with ketamine or propofol, medetomidine is a satisfactory sedative‐analgesic premedicant. The differences in haemodynamics and the quality of recovery suggest that the combination of medetomidine with propofol provided the better quality anaesthesia. The combination of medetomidine with fentanyl was unsuitable for obtaining surgical anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing animals owing to the severity of the respiratory depression at dosages needed for general anaesthesia.
Acute maduramicin toxicity in calves
Authors: Shlosberg A. , Perl S. , Harmelin A. , Hanji V. , Bellaiche M. , Bogin E. , Cohen R. , Markusfeld‐Nir O. , Shpigel N. , Eisenberg Z. , Furman M. , Brosh A. , Holzer Z. , Aharoni Y. 
Published: October 2010

A herd of 277 beef‐breed calves in three age groups was mistakenly given the poultry coccidiostat maduramicin in a total mixed ration. It caused an acute toxicosis in which sudden death was the sole clinical finding in most cases. One group of 212 calves aged five to eight months suffered a mortality of 51 per cent in eight days and a total mortality of 56 per cent during the 40 days in which mortality was recorded. Mortality of only 3 per cent was recorded in two other groups of calves aged nine to 16 months in eight days and a total mortality of 11 per cent over the 40‐day period.
Long‐term ultrasonographic and venographic study of the development of tarsal vein thrombosis in a cow
Authors: Kofler J. , Kübber‐Heiss A. 
Published: October 2010

The development of thrombosis of three tarsal veins in a cow was studied by repeated ultrasonographic and venographic examinations for nine months. The venous diameter, the echogenicity of the thrombi and the sequential venographic findings were evaluated. Initially, the thrombosed parts of the ramus cranialis and caudalis of the vena saphena lateralis and the ramus caudalis of the vena saphena medialis had greatly increased diameters and were not compressible. The thrombi appeared as poorly echogenic masses. Within five months, the diameters of the occluded veins had decreased to almost normal dimensions. The echogenicity of the thrombi diminished at their distal and proximal ends. The length of the thrombi was decreased by up to 6.5 cm. However, the thrombosed veins did not re‐open. One year after diagnosis, the cow was culled and the persistence of the venous thromboses was confirmed.
A new type of intraocular prosthesis for dogs
Authors: Peña, DVM, PhD M. T. , Luera M. , García F. A. 
Published: October 2010

A simple technique is described in which sterile silicone oil (viscosity 350 cSt) was injected into the globe of an eviscerated eye with an intact cornea and sclera; the volume injected was calculated from the formula ¾ πr3where ‘r’ was the horizontal corneal diameter. After induction of general anaesthesia and routine preparation of the surgical site, the globe was eviscerated by using a transscleral or transcorneal approach. The procedure was carried out in five dogs with follow‐ups ranging between 19 and 27 months. None of the eyes developed postoperative complications. In one dog, more silicone oil had to be injected 10 days after surgery to increase the size of the globe to match the other eye. The intraocular contents were removed more easily by using the transcorneal approach, which also resulted in a perfect adjustment and virtually eliminated the possibility of leakage of silicone oil, than by a transscleral approach. The dogs responded extremely well and their owners were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance of their pets.
Comparative studies of ivermectin and moxidectin in the control of naturally acquired cyathostome infections in horses
Authors: Demeulenaere D. , Vercruysse J. , Dorny P. , Claerebout E. 
Published: October 2010

The control of naturally acquired cyathostome infections in horses by treatments with ivermectin and moxidectin was evaluated in three field studies. In a first study the efficacy of both drugs was assessed in a faecal egg count reduction test. Both ivermectin and moxidectin demonstrated efficacies greater than 99 per cent for up to 60 days after treatment. In a second study, the period required for strongyle eggs to reappear was estimated in horses treated either with ivermectin or moxidectin. For the horses treated with ivermectin the period varied between 10 and approximately 13 weeks, and for moxidectin between 22 and approximately 24 weeks. With both drugs strongyle eggs started to reappear in the faeces significantly earlier in foals and young horses than in adults. In a third study, two prophylactic dosing schemes involving three ivermectin treatments at intervals of eight weeks, and two moxidectin treatments 12 weeks apart, were found to be highly effective in controlling strongyle infections of horses on pasture.
Treatment of canine pyoderma with co‐amoxyclav: a comparison of two dose rates
Authors: Lloyd D. H. , Carlotti D. N. , Koch H. J. , Van Den Broek A. H. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of oral co‐amoxyclav, administered twice daily for up to 12 weeks either at the manufacturer's dose rate of 12.5 mg/kg or at 25.0 mg/kg, in curing the lesions of canine foiliculitis, furunculosis and celiulitis was compared in a blind study. A total of 97 dogs entered the trial and 67 completed it. There was no significant difference in the rate of cure or the duration of therapy. The lesions of folliculitis were cured in 91 5 per cent of cases, in a mean period of 25.3 days. Furunculosis and celiulitis were cured respectively in 87.5 per cent and 60.0 per cent of the dogs, in mean periods of 37.6 and 44.7 days. The standard dose rate was very effective in folliculitis and furunculosis and there was no benefit in doubling the dose. Too few cases of cellulitis were treated to provide a reliable dose comparison.
Evaluation of plasma chemistry and haematological studies on chickens infected with Eimeria tenella and E acervulina
Authors: Fukata T. , Komba Y. , Sasai K. , Baba E. , Arakawa A. 
Published: October 2010

Plasma chemistry and haematological studies were conducted on chickens with coccidiosis. Male White Leghorn chickens, of two weeks old, were inoculated with 5 × 104 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts or with 1 × 106 E acervulina sporulated oocysts. Blood samples were taken four, seven and 11 days after inoculation. A wet chemistry system was applied to measure the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, amylase and lactate dehydrogenase and the concentrations of creatine, total biirubin, urate, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, glucose and triglycerides. A dry chemistry system was applied to measure sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium. The number of red blood cells and packed cell volume were determined by a micro cell counter and blood pH was measured with a blood gas analyser. The erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, sodium and chloride levels in the chickens infected with E tenella were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of the uninfected controls. The significant decrease in blood pH of the chickens infected with E acervulina suggests malabsorption associated with duodenal lesions induced by the infection.