bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial distress among spouses of persons with dementia before and after their partner's death
Authors: Kotwal Ashwin A. , Cenzer Irena , Hunt Lauren J. , Ankuda Claire , Torres Jacqueline M. , Smith Alexander K. , Aldridge Melissa , Harrison Krista L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpouses of persons living with dementia may face heightened psychosocial distress in the years immediately before and after their partner's death. We compared the psychosocial needs of spouses of partners with dementia with spouses of partners with non‐impaired cognition nearing and after the end of life, focusing on loneliness, depression, life satisfaction, and social isolation.MethodsWe used nationally representative Health and Retirement Study married couples data (2006–2018), restricting to spouses 50+ years old. We included 2098 spouses with data on loneliness and depressive symptoms 2 years before and after the partner's death. We additionally examined a subset of spouses (N = 1113) with available data on life satisfaction and social isolation 2 years before their partner's death. Cognitive status of partners was classified as non‐impaired cognition, cognitive impairment not dementia (cognitive impairment), and dementia. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine: 1) the change in loneliness and depression for spouses pre‐ and post‐partner's death, and 2) life satisfaction and social isolation 2 years before the partner's death.ResultsSpouses were on average 73 years old (SD: 10), 66% women, 7% Black, 7% Hispanic non‐White, 24% married to persons with cognitive impairment, and 19% married to partners with dementia. Before their partner's death, spouses married to partners with dementia experienced more loneliness (non‐impaired cognition: 8%, cognitive impairment: 16%, dementia: 21%, p‐value = 0.002) and depressive symptoms (non‐impaired cognition: 20%, cognitive impairment: 27%, dementia: 31%, p‐value < 0.001), and after death a similar prevalence of loneliness and depression across cognitive status. Before their partner's death, spouses of partners with dementia reported less life satisfaction (non‐impaired cognition: 74%, cognitive impairment: 68%; dementia: 64%, p‐value = 0.02) but were not more socially isolated.ConclusionResults emphasize a need for clinical and policy approaches to expand support for the psychosocial needs of spouses of partners with dementia in the years before their partner's death rather than only bereavement.
Improving age‐friendly advance care planning in primary care: Outcomes from a Pacific Northwest learning collaborative
Authors: Johnson Ashley A. , Bennett Katherine A. , Verrall Aimee M. , Deloya Ellen , Linares Adriana , Ramsbottom Mary T. , Santos Jhoanna M. , Cochrane Barbara B. , Vitiello Michael V. , Phelan Elizabeth A. , Cole Allison M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is the process of having conversations with patients to ensure preferences are known and support patient healthcare goals. ACP and the Age‐Friendly Health Systems (AFHS) Initiative's, “What Matters,” are synergistic approaches to patient‐centered conversations. Implementation and measurement of ACP in primary care (PC) are variables in quality and consistency. We examined whether participation in an ACP learning collaborative (LC) would improve knowledge and ability to conduct ACP discussions and increase the frequency of documented ACP in participating practices.MethodsThe WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho) region Practice and Research Network (WPRN) and the Northwest Geriatrics Workforce Enhancement Center collaboratively organized a 9‐month virtual LC. It consisted of 4 synchronous, 1.5‐h sessions, technical support, and a panel of ACP experts. A Wilcoxon rank sum test assessed differences in knowledge from a pre–post survey. Documentation of ACP in the EHR was collected after at least one plan–do–study–act cycle.ResultsWe enrolled 17 participants from 6 PC practices (3 hospital‐affiliated; 3 Federally Qualified Health Centers) from the WPRN. Two practices did not complete all LC activities. There was a trend toward increased ACP knowledge and skills overall especially in having discussions patients and families (pre‐mean 2.9 [SD = 0.7]/post‐mean 4.0[SD = 1.1], p < 0.05). 4/6 practices observed an increase in EHR documentation post‐collaborative (median 16.3%, IQR 1.3%–36.9%).ConclusionsThe LC increased PC providers knowledge and skills of ACP and AFHS's What Matters, reported ACP EHR documentation, and contributed to practice change.
Clinical impact of medication review and deprescribing in older inpatients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Carollo Massimo , Crisafulli Salvatore , Vitturi Giacomo , Besco Matilde , Hinek Damiano , Sartorio Andrea , Tanara Valentina , Spadacini Giulia , Selleri Margherita , Zanconato Valentina , Fava Cristiano , Minuz Pietro , Zamboni Mauro , Trifirò Gianluca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPolypharmacy is a primary risk factor for the prescription of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), drug–drug interactions (DDIs), and ultimately, adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Medication review and deprescribing represent effective strategies to simplify therapeutic regimens, minimize risks, and reduce PIM prescriptions. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of experimental and observational studies aimed to evaluate the impact of different medication review and deprescribing interventions in hospitalized older patients.MethodsExperimental and observational prospective cohort studies evaluating the clinical effects of medication review and deprescribing strategies in older hospitalized patients were searched in the bibliographic databases, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, from inception until January 8, 2024. A narrative synthesis of the results was provided, along with a meta‐analysis of dichotomous data (i.e., re‐hospitalizations and mortality).ResultsOverall, 21 randomized controlled trials, 7 non‐randomized interventional studies, and 2 prospective cohort studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 14 (46.7%) assessed medication appropriateness as the primary outcome, while the remaining evaluated clinical outcomes (e.g., length of hospital stay, hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, and incidence of ADRs) and/or quality of life. The meta‐analysis revealed a slight but statistically significant 8% reduction in hospital readmissions (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85–0.99) following medication review and deprescribing, but no significant impact on mortality (HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–1.00). Of the 30 included studies, 21 were considered at high risk of bias, mostly due to potential deviations from intended interventions and randomization processes. The remaining nine studies had “some concerns” (eight studies) or were considered at “low” risk of bias (one study).ConclusionMedication review and deprescribing are associated with potential benefits in reducing hospital readmission rates among hospitalized older patients, particularly through the reduction of PIM prescriptions. The integration of thorough medication review and deprescribing protocols in hospital settings may improve post‐discharge outcomes and reduce overall healthcare costs.
Labor of a free‐living buffy‐tufted marmoset (Callithrix aurita) at a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center in southeastern Brazil
Authors: De Capitani Marina Glina , Araújo Giulia Maria Bonato , Morais Flávia Vilaça , Joaquim Walderez Moreira , Kokubun Hanna Sibuya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCallithrix aurita is an endangered small primate endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The present work reports the labor of a free‐living C. aurita, through observation of its length and offspring viability. A conservative treatment was used to maintain fetal viability, in view of the species conservation importance.
Dynamic changes of peripheral inflammatory markers link with disease severity and predict short‐term poor outcome of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Weng Yiyun , Zhu Jinrong , Li Shengqi , Wang Yanchu , Lin Shenyi , Xie Wei , Chen Siqi , Chen Siyao , Chen Xuanyang , Wang Yukai , Wang Lingsheng , Zhang Xu , Yang Dehao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers, their dynamic changes, and the disease severity of myasthenia gravis (MG) is still not fully understood. Besides, the possibility of using it to predict the short‐term poor outcome of MG patients have not been demonstrated. This study aims to investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers and their dynamic changes with Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) classification (primary outcome) and predict the short‐term poor outcome (secondary outcome) in MG patients. The study retrospectively enrolled 154 MG patients from June 2016 to December 2021. The logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship of inflammatory markers with MGFA classification and determine the factors for model construction presented in a nomogram. Finally, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were utilized to evaluate the incremental capacity. Logistic regression revealed significant associations between neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) and MGFA classification (p = 0.013, p = 0.032, p = 0.017, respectively). Incorporating dynamic changes of inflammatory markers into multivariable models improved their discriminatory capacity of disease severity, with significant improvements observed for NLR, systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and AISI in NRI and IDI. Additionally, AISI was statistically associated with short‐term poor outcome and a prediction model incorporating dynamic changes of inflammatory markers was constructed with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.953, presented in a nomograph. The inflammatory markers demonstrate significant associations with disease severity and AISI could be regarded as a possible and easily available predictive biomarker for short‐term poor outcome in MG patients.image
Validity of facial skin analysis pore detection: A comparative analysis
Authors: Gantz Hannah Y. , Zameza Priscila Arellano , Zaino Mallory , Parraga Shirley P. , Duong Jessica Q. , Taylor Sarah L. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundReliable, objective measures to assess facial characteristics would aid in the assessment of many dermatological treatments. Previous work utilized an iOS application‐based artificial intelligence (AI) tool compared to the “gold standard” computer‐based and a physician assessment on five skin metrics (British Journal of Dermatology, 2013, 169, 474). The AI tool had superior agreement for all skin metrics except pores and subsequently underwent an algorithm update for its pore detection system.AimsThis comparative analysis assessed the performance of the updated AI tool's pore scores across all Fitzpatrick skin phototypes to determine whether the AI tool more accurately represents a dermatologist's assessment of pores.Patients/MethodsFrontal facing photographs in uniform lighting conditions were taken of each participant. Percentile scores were generated by each of the four self‐learning models of the updated AI tool. The pore percentile scores generated by the original and updated AI tool were used to rate “worse” pores among participant pairs. These ratings were compared to pore assessments performed by a “gold‐standard” device and a board‐certified dermatologist.ResultsCompared to the original pore detection tool and the computer‐based program, models A and D had the highest concordance with the physician's pore assessments for Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III‐IV and V‐VI, respectively.ConclusionsThe AI tool's pores detection update was successful in its ability to accurately detect pores on all Fitzpatrick skin types, improving on the performance of the AI prior to the update. Responsibly developed AI tools that can accurately and reliably detect skin metrics across diverse Fitzpatrick skin types can facilitate dermatologic evaluation, individualize treatment, and determine treatment response.
Moral understanding: From virtue to knowledge
Authors: Belkoniene Miloud 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the nature of the specific grasp involved in moral understanding. After discussing Hills's ability account of that central component of moral understanding in light of problematic cases, I argue that moral grasp is best conceived of as a type of knowledge that is grounded in a subject's moral appreciation. I then show how and why the relevant notion of moral appreciation is connected to moral virtues and to one's affective and motivational engagement with moral reasons. Finally, I discuss the connection between moral appreciation and a subject's ability to offer moral explanations in relation to the debate between pessimists and optimists about moral understanding's testimonial transmission.
VmRDR2 of Valsa mali mediates the generation of VmR2‐siR1 that suppresses apple resistance by RNA interference
Authors: Liang Jiahao , Wang Jie , Wang Kai , Feng Hao , Huang Lili 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Cross‐kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) is a crucial mechanism in host–pathogen interactions, with RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) playing a vital role in signal amplification during RNAi. However, the role of pathogenic fungal RdRP in siRNAs generation and the regulation of plant–pathogen interactions remains elusive.

Using deep sequencing, molecular, genetic, and biochemical approaches, this study revealed that VmRDR2 of Valsa mali regulates VmR2‐siR1 to suppress the disease resistance‐related gene MdLRP14 in apple.

Both VmRDR1 and VmRDR2 are essential for the pathogenicity of V. mali in apple, with VmRDR2 mediating the generation of endogenous siRNAs, including an infection‐related siRNA, VmR2‐siR1. This siRNA specifically degrades the apple intracellular LRR‐RI protein gene MdLRP14 in a sequence‐specific manner, and overexpression of MdLRP14 enhances apple resistance against V. mali, which can be suppressed by VmR2‐siR1. Conversely, MdLRP14 knockdown reduces resistance.

In summary, this study demonstrates that VmRDR2 contributes to the generation of VmR2‐siR1, which silences the host's intracellular LRR protein gene, thereby inhibiting host resistance. These findings offer novel insights into the fungi‐mediated pathogenicity mechanism through RNAi.
Effects of hydroxytyrosol on post‐thaw quality of rooster sperm
Authors: Kargari Mohammad , Sharafi Mohsen , Torshizi Mohammad Amir Karimi , Hezavehei Maryam , Zanganeh Zeynab 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSemen cryopreservation is one of the most important reproduction techniques in the livestock and poultry industry. Cryopreservation induces cold stress, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress causing structural and biochemical damages in sperm. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the hydroxytyrosol (HT), as an antioxidant, at the concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL on post‐thaw semen quality metrics in rooster. Semen samples were collected twice a week from 10 roosters (29 weeks), processed and frozen according to experimental groups. Different quality parameters, including total motility, progressive motility, viability, morphology, membrane integrity, and malondialdehyde were measured after thawing. Results showed that 25 and 50 μg/mL of HT produced the highest percentage of total motility (51.01 ± 2.19 and 50.15 ± 2.19, respectively) and progressive motility (35.74 ± 1.34 and 35.15 ± 1.34, respectively), membrane integrity (48.00 ± 2.18 and 46.75 ± 2.18, respectively) as well as viability (53.00 ± 2.17 and 52.50 ± 2.17, respectively) compared with the other groups (p < .05). The group with 25 μg/mL of HT showed the lowest significant (p < .05) MDA concentration (1.81 ± 0.25). Our results showed that the effect of HT was not dose‐dependent and optimum concentration of HT could improve functional parameters of rooster sperm after freezing–thawing. These findings suggest that HT may have protective effects on the rooster sperm during the freezing–thawing process.
VALIDATION OF THE HULL GIRDER DEFLECTION OF A MULTIPURPOSE CARGO SHIP
Authors: Abedin Joynal , Franklin Francis , Mahmud S M  Ikhtiar 
Published: June 2024

When a ship encounters head-sea conditions, it can experience still water bending and wave-induced vertical moments. These moments can cause the hull girder to undergo longitudinal deflection, which can negatively impact the shaft alignment of the propulsion unit and the sealing of hatch covers and other onboard machinery. On the other hand, beam sea conditions can lead to transverse hull girder deflection, which is especially problematic for open-deck ships and can cause significant hatch-coming deflection. A numerical strength check has been performed using FEA software FEMAP with NX Nastran and an analytical review based on Euler-Bernoulli's beam theory to analyse the ship's strength. The ship is represented as a simply supported beam, and both analytical and numerical methods are used to calculate deflection for different sea conditions (head and beam seas). A mesh sensitivity analysis has been done to ensure the accuracy of the numerical analysis, and the results from both techniques are compared to validate their accuracy. Finally, a numerical analysis is conducted to confirm the accuracy of the analytical study when considering the ship as a complex structure. Overall, this research underscores the greater significance of longitudinal deflection over transverse deflection in the hull girder of a multipurpose cargo ship. Combining both approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the ship's hull girder strength and deflection behaviour is achieved, enhancing overall structural integrity and safety.
Exploring Solidarity in Action: Key Methodological Features for Collaborative Research in Physical Education
Authors: Rufino Luiz Gustavo Bonatto , Iannucci Cassandra , Hunuk Deniz , Vidoni Carla , Luguetti Carla Nascimento , Gonçalves Luiza Lana , Ferreira Heidi Jancer , Batista Paula , Borges Cecilia , MacPhail Ann , Sanches Neto Luiz , de Souza Neto Samuel 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This paper delves into the approach of solidarity in action as a collaborative research methodology in the field of physical education, based on Freire’s concepts of solidarity and circle of culture. In a landscape marked by competitiveness and hierarchy, this paper emphasizes the importance of mutual understanding, empathy, and collective struggle for social change in academia. Results: The paper explores a case study of an international project and highlights three key features: (a) intentionality in group creation, (b) levels of collaboration and horizontal relationships, and (c) democratic facilitation. These features stress the importance of collective action, open dialogue, and shared responsibility. Solidarity in action emerges as a methodology designed to cultivate communities, promote critical engagement, and address social injustices. Conclusion: By integrating solidarity in action into research, the paper advocates for a more inclusive, equitable, and culturally sensitive approach in physical education, highlighting the potential for positive change in academia.
A Therapeutic Landscape for Some but Not for All: An Ethnographic Exploration of the Bethlem Royal Hospital Parkrun
Authors: Ashdown-Franks Garcia , Atkinson Michael , Sabiston Catherine M. 
Published: June 2024

This study sought to explore the experiences of those involved in the Bethlem parkrun. A mobile ethnography employing participant observation and informal discussion was conducted on the grounds of the hospital in London, United Kingdom. The findings focused on “what it is like” to participate in this parkrun and were organized into two themes: (a) Bethlem as a Shared Leisure Space and (b) Shared Leisure Space, But for Whom? Findings illustrated the emplaced and relational experiences of some participants in this “therapeutic landscape,” while highlighting that the events were exclusionary for others, namely service-users. These findings contrast the therapeutic landscapes literature, which largely assumes their benefits are experienced equally. This work may provide further understanding of the individual and collective experiences of parkrun.
Cardiomyopathy in children: a single-centre, retrospective study of genetic and clinical characteristics
Authors: Sun Qiqing , Guo Jun , Zhang Yaodong , Zheng Ruili , He Kun , Chen Yuanying , Hao Chanjuan , Xie Zhenhua , Wang Fangjie 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the genetic and clinical characteristics of paediatric cardiomyopathy in a cohort of Chinese patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical history and mutation spectrum of 75 unrelated Chinese paediatric patients who were diagnosed with cardiomyopathy and referred to our hospital between January 2016 and December 2022.ResultsSeventy-five children with cardiomyopathy were enrolled, including 32 (42.7%) boys and 43 (57.3%) girls. Dilated cardiomyopathy was the most prevalent cardiomyopathy (61.3%) in the patients, followed by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (17.3%), ventricular non-compaction (14.7%), restrictive cardiomyopathy (5.3%) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (1.3%). Whole-exome sequencing and targeted next-generation sequencing identified 34 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 1 copy number variant in 14 genes related to cardiomyopathy in 30 children, accounting for 40% of all patients.TNNC1p.Asp65Asn andMYH7p.Glu500Lys have not been reported previously. The follow-up time ranged from 2 months to 6 years. Twenty-two children died (mortality rate 29%).ConclusionsComprehensive genetic testing was associated with a 40% yield of causal genetic mutations in Chinese cardiomyopathy cases. We found diversity in the mutation profile in different patients, which suggests that the mutational background of cardiomyopathy in China is heterogeneous, and the findings may be helpful to those counselling patients and families.
Examination of optical soliton solutions for the perturbed Schrödinger–Hirota equation with anti-cubic law in the presence of spatiotemporal dispersion
Authors: Durmus Selvi Altun , Ozdemir Neslihan , Secer Aydin , Ozisik Muslum , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the current paper, the perturbed Schrödinger–Hirota equation having anti-cubic nonlinearity is analyzed with the aid of the new Kudryashov scheme. What distinguishes this article from other articles is that it not only attains multifold analytical solutions to the underresearched model but also verifies the impact of the anti-cubic law media on soliton attitude for the first time. The algorithmic rules and solution functions of the presented method have been controlled with symbolic algebraic software, and every outcome has been approved attentively. Then, the given method has been implemented on the model under consideration for the collective test objective. With the conventional norm approximation, the nonlinear partial differential structure of the model under consideration has been turned into the ordinary differential structure by performing the wave transmutation, and then the presented technique has been implemented into the ordinary differential structure of the proposed model. After this process, we have acquired a system of linear algebraic equations and their convenient solutions. Afterward, by attaining the proper solution sets, the soliton solutions of the given model, such as bright, W-shape-like, and dark soliton forms, have been arranged, and some chosen diagrammatic views have been presented.