bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin activates Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway to antagonizes oxidative stress‐induced injury via melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) in cryopreserved mice ovarian tissue
Authors: Wei Chen Yang , Zhang Xin , Si Li Na , Shu Wei Han , Jiang Sheng Nan , Ding Pei Jian , Cheng Lu Yang , Sun Tie Cheng , Yang Song He 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOur previous research has shown that melatonin (MLT) can reduce cryopreserved ovarian damage in mice. Yet, the molecular mechanism of MLT protection is still unclear. Some studies have shown that melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) is very important for animal reproductive system. To evaluate whether MLT exerts its protective effect on cryopreserved mice ovarian tissue via MT1, we added antagonist of MT1/MT2 (Luzindor) or antagonist of MT2 (4P‐PDOT) to the freezing solution, followed by cryopreservation and thawing of ovarian tissue. The levels of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. Besides, by using RT‐PCR and Western blotting, the expression of Bcl‐2, Bax and Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway‐related proteins was detected. These findings demonstrated that compared with the melatonin group, the addition of Luzindor increased apoptosis, NO and MDA activities, decreased CAT and T‐SOD activities and inhibited Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway. In conclusion, melatonin can play a protective role in cryopreserved ovarian tissue of mice through MT1 receptor.
The ID Digital Institute: Building a digital education toolset and community
Authors: Dong Sara W , Walker Jeremey , Nematollahi Saman , Nolan Nathanial S , Ryder Jonathan H 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrganic digital education (ODE) includes online medical education content that can take various forms, such as blogs, social media, videos, podcasts, or infographics. Multimedia ODE platforms have unique benefits and have quickly become an essential part of medical education. Modern medical educators with competency in digital teaching modalities can leverage these for teaching as well as career development and dissemination of scientific research. The ID Digital Institute is a digital education program with a curriculum designed to equip infectious diseases (ID) professionals with the skills to appraise, create, curate, and integrate ODE into their teaching and career. We share the structure, content, and lessons learned from the ID Digital Institute program. We also illustrate how digital education skills can present unique opportunities to align with current and future transplant and immunocompromised host infectious diseases education efforts.
Marker-Based Versus IMU-Based Kinematics for Estimates of Lumbar Spine Loads Using a Full-Body Musculoskeletal Model
Authors: Prado Maria , Oyama Sakiko , Giambini Hugo 
Published: June 2024

Musculoskeletal modeling, typically implemented using marker-based systems in laboratory environments, is commonly used for noninvasive estimations of loads. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) have become an alternative for the evaluation of kinematics. However, estimates of spine joint contact forces using IMUs have yet to be thoroughly evaluated. Dynamics tasks and static postures from activities of daily living were captured on 11 healthy subjects using both systems simultaneously. Spine kinematics obtained from IMU- and marker-based systems and L4–L5 joint contact forces were compared. Lateral bending resulted in a weak agreement with significant differences between the 2 systems (P = .02, average root mean-squared error = 4.81), whereas flexion–extension and axial rotation exhibited the highest agreement with no significant differences (P < .05, average root mean-squared error = 5.51 and P < .31, average root mean-squared error = 5.08, respectively). All tasks showed excellent correlations (R2 = .76–.99) in estimated loads between systems. Differences in predicted loads at the L4–L5 were only observed during flexion–extension (1041 N vs 947 N, P = .0004) and walking with weights (814 N vs 727 N, P = .004). Different joint reaction force outcomes were obtained in 2 of the 8 tasks between systems, suggesting that IMUs can be robust tools allowing for convenient and less expensive evaluations and for longitudinal assessments inside and outside the laboratory setting.
An evaluation of the national testing response during the COVID-19 pandemic in England: a multistage mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Naidoo Reshania , Lambert Ben , Voysey Merryn , Shretta Rima , Keene Claire Marriott , Wanat Marta , Andersen-Waine Billie , Dahal Prabin , Stepniewska Kasia , Hounsell Rachel , Molyneux Sassy , Pinto-Duschinsky Sarah , Rowe Emily , Yenidogan Gulsen , Fowler Tom , White Lisa , Consortium EY-Oxford Health Analytics 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionIn 2020, the UK government established a large-scale testing programme to rapidly identify individuals in England who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and had COVID-19. This comprised part of the UK government’s COVID-19 response strategy, to protect those at risk of severe COVID-19 disease and death and to reduce the burden on the health system. To assess the success of this approach, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) commissioned an independent evaluation of the activities delivered by the National Health System testing programme in England. The primary purpose of this evaluation will be to capture key learnings from the roll-out of testing to different target populations via various testing services between October 2020 and March 2022 and to use these insights to formulate recommendations for future pandemic preparedness strategy. In this protocol, we detail the rationale, approach and study design.Methods and analysisThe proposed study involves a stepwise mixed-methods approach, aligned with established methods for the evaluation of complex interventions in health, to retrospectively assess the combined impact of key asymptomatic and symptomatic testing services nationally. The research team will first develop a theory of change, formulated in collaboration with testing service stakeholders, to understand the causal pathways and intended and unintended outcomes of each testing service and explore contextual impacts on each testing service’s intended outcomes. Insights gained will help identify indicators to evaluate how the combined aims of the testing programme were achieved, using a mixed-methods approach.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was granted ethics approval by the UKHSA Research Ethics and Governance Group (reference NR0347). All relevant ethics guidelines will be followed throughout. Findings arising from this evaluation will be used to inform lessons learnt and recommendations for UKHSA on appropriate pandemic preparedness testing programme designs; findings will also be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, a publicly available report to be published online and at academic conferences. The final report of findings from the evaluation will be used as part of a portfolio of evidence produced for the independent COVID-19 government inquiry in the UK.Transparency declarationThe lead author (the manuscript’s guarantor) affirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate and transparent account of the study being reported; no important aspects of the study have been omitted, and any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained.
Assessing the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in prioritising CT head interpretation: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial (ACCEPT-AI)
Authors: Vimalesvaran Kavitha , Robert Dennis , Kumar Shamie , Kumar Ayan , Narbone Mariapola , Dharmadhikari Rahul , Harrison Mark , Ather Sarim , Novak Alex , Grzeda Mariusz , Gooch Jane , Woznitza Nicholas , Hall Mark , Shuaib Haris , Lowe David J 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionDiagnostic imaging is vital in emergency departments (EDs). Accessibility and reporting impacts ED workflow and patient care. With radiology workforce shortages, reporting capacity is limited, leading to image interpretation delays. Turnaround times for image reporting are an ED bottleneck. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can improve productivity, efficiency and accuracy in diagnostic radiology, contingent on their clinical efficacy. This includes positively impacting patient care and improving clinical workflow. The ACCEPT-AI study will evaluate Qure.ai’s qER software in identifying and prioritising patients with critical findings from AI analysis of non-contrast head CT (NCCT) scans.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre trial, spanning four diverse sites, over 13 months. It will include all individuals above the age of 18 years who present to the ED, referred for an NCCT. The project will be divided into three consecutive phases (pre-implementation, implementation and post-implementation of the qER solution) in a stepped-wedge design to control for adoption bias and adjust for time-based changes in the background patient characteristics. Pre-implementation involves baseline data for standard care to support the primary and secondary outcomes. The implementation phase includes staff training and qER solution threshold adjustments in detecting target abnormalities adjusted, if necessary. The post-implementation phase will introduce a notification (prioritised flag) in the radiology information system. The radiologist can choose to agree with the qER findings or ignore it according to their clinical judgement before writing and signing off the report. Non-qER processed scans will be handled as per standard care.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in accordance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice. The protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of East Midlands (Leicester Central), in May 2023 (REC (Research Ethics Committee) 23/EM/0108). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated in scientific findings (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT06027411)Trial registration numberNCT06027411.
Effectiveness of complex behaviour change interventions tested in randomised controlled trials for people with multiple long-term conditions (M-LTCs): systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Rookes Tasmin Alanna , Nimmons Danielle , Frost Rachael , Armstrong Megan , Davies Laura , Ross Jamie , Hopkins Jane , Mistry Manoj , Taylor Stephanie , Walters Kate 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe prevalence of multiple long-term conditions (M-LTCs) increases as adults age and impacts quality of life and health outcomes. To help people manage these conditions, complex behaviour change interventions are used, often based on research conducted in those with single LTCs. However, the needs of those with M-LTCs can differ due to complex health decision-making and engagement with multiple health and care teams.ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to identify whether current interventions are effective for people living with M-LTCs, and which outcomes are most appropriate to detect this change.MethodsFive databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science) were systematically searched, between January 1999 and January 2022, to identify randomised controlled trials evaluating effectiveness of behaviour change interventions in people with M-LTCs. Intervention characteristics, intervention effectiveness and outcome measures were meta-analysed and narratively synthesised.Results53 eligible articles were included. Emotional well-being and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) outcomes were most amenable to change (emotional well-being: standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.31 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.58); depression psychological distress: SMD −0.45 (95% CI –0.73 to −0.16); anxiety psychological distress: SMD −0.14 (95% CI –0.28 to 0.00)), particularly for interventions with a collaborative care approach. Interventions targeting those with a physical and mental health condition and those with cognitive and/or behavioural activation approach saw larger reductions in psychological distress outcomes. Interventions that lasted for longer than 6 months significantly improved the widest variety of outcomes.ConclusionComplex interventions can be successfully delivered to those with M-LTCs. These are most effective at reducing psychological distress in those with physical and mental LTCs. Further research is needed to identify the effective components of interventions for people with two or more physical LTCs and which outcome is most appropriate for detecting this change.
Quantification of breathing irregularity for the diagnosis of dysfunctional breathing using proportional tidal volume variation: a cross-sectional, retrospective real-world study
Authors: Knöpfel Georg , Baty Florent , Uhl Friedrich , Kern Lukas , Brutsche Martin 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo develop a statistical approach that provides a quantitative index measuring the magnitude of the irregularity of the breathing response to exercise for the diagnosis of dysfunctional breathing.DesignCross-sectional, retrospective, real-world study.SettingSingle-centre study.ParticipantsA population of 209 patients investigated with cardiopulmonary exercise testing in our institution for unexplained or disproportionate exertional dyspnoea between January and July 2022.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA novel statistical approach providing a quantitative index—proportional tidal volume variation (PTVV)—was developed to measure the magnitude of the irregularity of the breathing response to exercise.ResultsPTVV provided a reliable statistical readout for the objective assessment of DB with a prediction accuracy of 78% (95% CI: 72 to 83%). The prevalence of DB in the investigated population was high with more than half of the patients affected by moderate-to-severe DB.ConclusionsPTVV can easily be implemented in the clinical routine. Our study suggests a possible further simplification for the diagnosis of DB with two objective criteria including PTVV and one single criterion for hyperventilation.
Cost-effectiveness of craniotomy versus decompressive craniectomy for UK patients with traumatic acute subdural haematoma
Authors: Pyne Sarah , Barton Garry , Turner David , Mee Harry , Gregson Barbara A , Kolias Angelos G , Turner Carole , Adams Hadie , Mohan Midhun , Uff Christopher , Hasan Shumaila , Wilson Mark , Bulters Diederik Oliver , Zolnourian Ardalan , McMahon Catherine , Stovell Matthew G , Al-Tamimi Yahia , Thomson Simon , Viaroli Edoardo , Belli Antonio , King Andrew , Helmy Adel E , Timofeev Ivan , Menon David , Hutchinson Peter John 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo estimate the cost-effectiveness of craniotomy, compared with decompressive craniectomy (DC) in UK patients undergoing evacuation of acute subdural haematoma (ASDH).DesignEconomic evaluation undertaken using health resource use and outcome data from the 12-month multicentre, pragmatic, parallel-group, randomised, Randomised Evaluation of Surgery with Craniectomy for Patients Undergoing Evacuation-ASDH trial.SettingUK secondary care.Participants248 UK patients undergoing surgery for traumatic ASDH were randomised to craniotomy (N=126) or DC (N=122).InterventionsSurgical evacuation via craniotomy (bone flap replaced) or DC (bone flap left out with a view to replace later: cranioplasty surgery).Main outcome measuresIn the base-case analysis, costs were estimated from a National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective. Outcomes were assessed via the quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) derived from the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level questionnaire (cost-utility analysis) and the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) (cost-effectiveness analysis). Multiple imputation and regression analyses were conducted to estimate the mean incremental cost and effect of craniotomy compared with DC. The most cost-effective option was selected, irrespective of the level of statistical significance as is argued by economists.ResultsIn the cost-utility analysis, the mean incremental cost of craniotomy compared with DC was estimated to be −£5520 (95% CI −£18 060 to £7020) with a mean QALY gain of 0.093 (95% CI 0.029 to 0.156). In the cost-effectiveness analysis, the mean incremental cost was estimated to be −£4536 (95% CI −£17 374 to £8301) with an OR of 1.682 (95% CI 0.995 to 2.842) for a favourable outcome on the GOSE.ConclusionsIn a UK population with traumatic ASDH, craniotomy was estimated to be cost-effective compared with DC: craniotomy was estimated to have a lower mean cost, higher mean QALY gain and higher probability of a more favourable outcome on the GOSE (though not all estimated differences between the two approaches were statistically significant).EthicsEthical approval for the trial was obtained from the North West—Haydock Research Ethics Committee in the UK on 17 July 2014 (14/NW/1076).Trial registration numberISRCTN87370545.
Joule–Thomson expansion and images of black hole in SU(N)-non-linear sigma model
Authors: Malik Adnan , Chaudhary Shahid , Metwally Ahmed Sayed M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider recently constructed black holes in the Einstein SU(N)-non-linear sigma model and study the Joule–Thomson expansion and observable characteristics. We calculate Joule–Thomson coefficient, inversion curves and isenthalpic curves to investigate the heating and cooling phases in $$T-P$$

T
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P

plane of the considered model. Our findings reveal distinct behavior of these black holes different from those reported in existing studies. Notably, inversion curves vanish in the heating regions, resulting in the black holes consistently remaining in the cooling phase. Additionally, we investigate the impact of the flavor number N on the Joule–Thomson expansion of these black holes. We observe that employing higher values of enthalpy and flavor number N extends the ranges of isenthalpic and inversion curves but the black holes remain in cooling phase. We also study the shadow and visual characteristics of the these black hole focusing on its illumination by two theoretical models of static accretion. We analyze that higher flavor numbers have high peaks of observed intensities and it shifts to smaller impact parameter which leads to smaller images.
Constraining photon trajectories in black hole shadows
Authors: Pugliese D. , Stuchlík Z. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe examine the shadow cast by a Kerr black hole, focusing on constraints on photons corresponding to different shadow boundaries. The photons are related to different orbital ranges and impact parameter values, creating a map of the shadow boundaries. Our analysis fixes also the conditions under which it is possible to observe an “imprint” of the black hole (outer) ergosurface and (outer) ergoregion on the Kerr black hole shadow boundary. The counter-rotating case resulted strongly constrained with respect to the co-rotating case, constituting a remarkable and significant difference where the counter-rotating component associated with the shadow boundary is strongly distinct from the co-rotating one. However, in this framework, even the co-rotating photons imply restrictions on conditions on the spins and planes, which are bounded by limiting values. We believe the results found here, being a tracer for the central black hole, can constitute new templates for the ongoing observations.
On nilpotent ideals of index 2 in finite commutative rings
Authors: Esmkhani Mohammad Ali , Amiri Seyyed Majid Jafarian 
Published: June 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite commutative ring with nonzero identity. An ideal [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called nilpotent of index 2 if [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is called local nilpotent of index 2 if it has a unique maximal nilpotent ideal of index 2. In this paper, we investigate the interplay between cliques in the zero divisor graph and nilpotent ideals of index 2 in [Formula: see text]. In particular, if [Formula: see text] is a maximal clique and [Formula: see text] is an ideal, then [Formula: see text] is a maximal nilpotent ideal of index 2. Also, we study local nilpotent rings of index 2. Finally, we prove that every local ring of order [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is local nilpotent of index 2 and present a counter example for [Formula: see text].
Iron-(Fe3+)-Dependent Reactivation of Telomerase Drives Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Shanmugam Raghuvaran , Majee Prativa , Shi Wei , Ozturk Mert B. , Vaiyapuri Thamil S. , Idzham Khaireen , Raju Anandhkumar , Shin Seung H. , Fidan Kerem , Low Joo-Leng , Chua Joelle Y.H. , Kong Yap C. , Qi Ong Y. , Tan Emile , Chok Aik Y. , Seow-En Isaac , Wee Ian , Macalinao Dominique C. , Chong Dawn Q. , Chang Hong Y. , Lee Fiona , Leow Wei Q. , Murata-Hori Maki , Xiaoqian Zhang , Shumei Chia , Tan Chris S.H. , Dasgupta Ramanuj , Tan Iain B. , Tergaonkar Vinay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Over-consumption of iron-rich red meat and hereditary or genetic iron overload are associated with an increased risk of colorectal carcinogenesis, yet the mechanistic basis of how metal-mediated signaling leads to oncogenesis remains enigmatic. Using fresh colorectal cancer samples we identify Pirin, an iron sensor, that overcomes a rate-limiting step in oncogenesis, by reactivating the dormant human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) subunit of the telomerase holoenzyme in an iron-(Fe3+)-dependent manner and thereby drives colorectal cancers. Chemical genetic screens combined with isothermal dose-response fingerprinting and mass spectrometry identified a small molecule SP2509 that specifically inhibits Pirin-mediated hTERT reactivation in colorectal cancers by competing with iron-(Fe3+) binding. Our findings, first to document how metal ions reactivate telomerase, provide a molecular mechanism for the well-known association between red meat and increased incidence of colorectal cancers. Small molecules like SP2509 represent a novel modality to target telomerase that acts as a driver of 90% of human cancers and is yet to be targeted in clinic.
Significance: We show how iron-(Fe3+) in collusion with genetic factors reactivates telomerase, providing a molecular mechanism for the association between iron overload and increased incidence of colorectal cancers. Although no enzymatic inhibitors of telomerase have entered the clinic, we identify SP2509, a small molecule that targets telomerase reactivation and function in colorectal cancers.