bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body temperature and standard metabolic rate of the female viviparous lizard Eremias multiocellata during reproduction
Authors: Yue Feng , Tang Xiao-Long , Zhang De-Jiu , Yan Xue-Feng , Xin Ying , Chen Qiang 
Published: January 2012

The body temperature (Tb) and standard metabolic rate (SMR) of female Eremias multiocellata Günther, 1872, a viviparous lizard, were measured at 25, 30, and 35 °C during pregnancy and after parturition to assess energy requirement of reproduction. The results showed that the Tbs of female lizards were slightly higher than actual ambient temperature in the 25 and 30 °C groups, while they were slightly lower than ambient temperature in the 35 °C group. Ambient temperature significantly affected SMR and gestation period of females. Energy requirement was constant in nonpregnant females, whereas it was increased in pregnant females. The maximal estimates of maintenance costs of pregnancy (MCP) were 4.219, 4.220, and 4.448 mg CO2·min–1, which accounted for 19.40%, 14.15%, and 12.32% of the total metabolic rate in the 25, 30, and 35 °C group, respectively. The results indicated the MCP was an important component of total energy cost for the lizard E. multiocellata and the MCP in this lizard incurs a relative fixed energetic cost irrespective of ambient temperature.
Prey competition between sympatric Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on Lovushki Island, Russia
Authors: Waite J.N. , Burkanov V.N. , Andrews R.D. 
Published: January 2012

Approximately 1 000 Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776); SSL) and 14 000 northern fur seals ( Callorhinus ursinus (L., 1758); NFS) breed sympatrically on Lovushki Island in the Russian Far East, creating the potential for interspecific competition for prey. An additional 13 000 – 14 000 juvenile NFS are present during the breeding season. The diets of breeding SSL and both breeding and juvenile NFS were examined through analysis of scats and spews collected during the breeding seasons of 2003, 2005, and 2007–2008. There were significant overlaps in the prey species and size selection of SSL and juvenile NFS. There were significant differences between the diets of SSL and breeding NFS. SSL and juvenile NFS fed primarily on Atka mackerel ( Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)), while breeding NFS fed on cephalopods, salmon (genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861), Atka mackerel, and northern smoothtongue ( Leuroglossus schmidti Rass, 1955). The partitioning of resources between breeding animals has allowed both species to coexist within the same region and likely reflected differences in foraging abilities and provisioning strategies of the adults and the fasting abilities of their pups. However, continued growth of the NFS population may lead to the exclusion of SSL owing to interspecific competition for prey.
Is the Accuracy of Self-Reported Colorectal Cancer Screening Associated with Social Desirability?
Authors: Vernon Sally W. , Abotchie Peter N. , McQueen Amy , White Arica , Eberth Jan M. , Coan Sharon P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground: Self-reported cancer screening behaviors are often overreported and may lead to biased estimates of prevalence and of subgroup differences in screening. We examined whether the tendency to give socially desirable responses was associated with concordance between self-reported colorectal cancer (CRC) screening behaviors and medical records.Methods: Primary care patients (n = 857) age 50 to 74 years completed a mail, face-to-face, or telephone survey that assessed CRC screening and social desirability measured by a short version of the Marlowe–Crowne scale. We used medical records to verify self-reports of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and barium enema.Results: Social desirability scores were lower for whites versus African Americans, college graduates, and patients reporting no prior screening tests; they were higher for telephone versus mail or face-to-face survey respondents. In univariable logistic regression analysis, social desirability scores were not associated with concordance for FOBT (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.94–1.13), sigmoidoscopy (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.86–1.04), or colonoscopy (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88–1.11); however, lower social desirability scores were associated with increased concordance for barium enema (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77–0.99). In multivariable analyses, no associations were statistically significant.Conclusion: Social desirability as measured by the Marlowe–Crowne scale was not associated with accuracy of self-reported CRC tests in our sample, suggesting that other explanations for overreporting need to be explored.Impact: By understanding sources of response bias, we can improve the accuracy of self-report measures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(1); 61–65. ©2011 AACR.
Chemotherapy and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Veiga Lene H.S. , Bhatti Parveen , Ronckers Cécile M. , Sigurdson Alice J. , Stovall Marilyn , Smith Susan A. , Weathers Rita , Leisenring Wendy , Mertens Ann C. , Hammond Sue , Neglia Joseph P. , Meadows Anna T. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Sklar Charles A. , Friedman Debra L. , Robison Leslie L. , Inskip Peter D. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background: Although ionizing radiation is an established environmental risk factor for thyroid cancer, the effect of chemotherapy drugs on thyroid cancer risk remains unclear. We evaluated the chemotherapy-related risk of thyroid cancer in childhood cancer survivors and the possible joint effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Methods: The study included 12,547 five-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed during 1970 through 1986. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy information was obtained from medical records, and radiation dose was estimated to the thyroid gland. Cumulative incidence and relative risks were calculated with life-table methods and Poisson regression. Chemotherapy-related risks were evaluated separately by categories of radiation dose.
Results: Histologically confirmed thyroid cancer occurred in 119 patients. Thirty years after the first childhood cancer treatment, the cumulative incidence of thyroid cancer was 1.3% (95% CI, 1.0–1.6) for females and 0.6% (0.4–0.8) for males. Among patients with thyroid radiation doses of 20 Gy or less, treatment with alkylating agents was associated with a significant 2.4-fold increased risk of thyroid cancer (95% CI, 1.3–4.5; P = 0.002). Chemotherapy risks decreased as radiation dose increased, with a significant decrease for patients treated with alkylating agents (Ptrend = 0.03). No chemotherapy-related risk was evident for thyroid radiation doses more than 20 Gy.
Conclusions: Treatments with alkylating agents increased thyroid cancer risk, but only in the radiation dose range less than 20 Gy, in which cell sparing likely predominates over cell killing.
Impact: Our study adds to the evidence for chemotherapy agent–specific increased risks of thyroid cancer, which to date, were mainly thought to be related to prior radiotherapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(1); 92–101. ©2011 AACR.
Case–control Study of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rollison Dana E. , Giuliano Anna R. , Messina Jane L. , Fenske Neil A. , Cherpelis Basil S. , Sondak Vernon K. , Roetzheim Richard G. , Iannacone Michelle R. , Michael Kristina M. , Gheit Tarik , Waterboer Tim , Tommasino Massimo , Pawlita Michael 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) DNA has been reported in 0% to 25% of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) occurring in immunocompetent individuals. We conducted the first serologic case–control study of MCV and SCC.
Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed cutaneous SCC (n = 173) were recruited from a university dermatology clinic. Controls were individuals who screened negative for and had no history of skin or other cancers (n = 300). Levels of antibodies against capsid antigens for MCV and another polyomavirus, JC virus (JCV), were determined by fluorescent bead-based multiplex serology. Fresh-frozen tumor tissues were obtained from 145 SCC cases and tested for MCV DNA by multiplexed PCR. Associations between MCV seroreactivity and SCC were estimated by ORs and 95% CIs calculated using logistic regression with adjustment for age and sex.
Results: MCV DNA was detected in SCC tumor tissues from 55 (38%) of 145 cases. A statistically significant association was observed between MCV seropositivity and MCV DNA-positive SCC (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.03–6.04), with an almost four-fold association observed when comparing those with MCV antibodies in the fourth versus first quartiles (OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 1.43–10.76, Ptrend = 0.01). No significant associations were observed between MCV seropositivity and MCV DNA-negative SCC (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.76–2.48) or between JCV seropositivity and MCV DNA-positive or DNA-negative SCC.
Conclusion: Past exposure to MCV may be a risk factor for SCC.
Impact: Understanding the role of viral infections in the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer could lead to novel prevention strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(1); 74–81. ©2011 AACR.
Phase I Study of the Combination of Sorafenib and Temsirolimus in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Davies Michael A. , Fox Patricia S. , Papadopoulos Nicholas E. , Bedikian Agop Y. , Hwu Wen-Jen , Lazar Alexander J. , Prieto Victor G. , Culotta Kirk S. , Madden Timothy L. , Xu Quanyun , Huang Sha , Deng Wanleng , Ng Chaan S. , Gupta Sanjay , Liu Wenbin , Dancey Janet E. , Wright John J. , Bassett Roland L. , Hwu Patrick , Kim Kevin B. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Purpose: This phase I clinical trial was conducted to determine the safety, efficacy, and molecular effects of sorafenib with temsirolimus in patients with advanced melanoma.
Patients and Methods: Patients with stage IV or unresectable or recurrent stage III melanoma and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1 were eligible. Sorafenib was given orally once or twice daily and temsirolimus was given i.v. weekly, both starting on day 1, with a 4-week cycle. Responses were assessed every 2 cycles per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Consenting patients with accessible tumors underwent optional tumor biopsies before treatment and after the second infusion of temsirolimus. Tumor biopsies were analyzed for activating mutations in BRAF and NRAS, and for expression of P-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK) and P-S6 proteins.
Results: A total of 25 patients were accrued to the study. The maximum tolerated doses were sorafenib 400 mg every morning and 200 mg every evening and temsirolimus 25 mg i.v. weekly. Dose-limiting toxicities included thrombocytopenia, hand-foot syndrome, serum transaminase elevation, and hypertriglyceridemia. There were no complete or partial responses with the combination; 10 patients achieved stabilization of disease as their best response. The median progression-free survival was 2.1 months. Matching pretreatment and day 15 tumor biopsies showed marked inhibition of P-S6 with treatment in 3 of 4 evaluable patients, but minimal inhibition of P-ERK.
Conclusions: Combination therapy with sorafenib and temsirolimus resulted in significant toxicity at higher dose levels, failed to achieve any clinical responses in genetically unselected patient population, and did not inhibit P-ERK. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 1120–8. ©2012 AACR.
Urotensin-II Signaling Mechanism in Rat Coronary Artery
Authors: Domínguez-Rodríguez Alejandro , Díaz Ignacio , Rodríguez-Moyano María , Calderón-Sánchez Eva , Rosado Juan Antonio , Ordóñez Antonio , Smani Tarik 
Published: January 2012

Objective—

Human urotensin-II (UII) is considered the most potentendogenous vasoconstrictor discovered to date, although the precise mechanism activated downstream of its receptor UTS2R in blood vessels remains elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the store operated Ca
2+
entry (SOCE) signaling pathway in UII-induced coronary artery vasoconstriction.

Methods and Results—

We used a combination of isometric tension measurement, Ca
2+
imaging, pharmacology, and molecular approaches to study UII-mediated rat coronary artery vasoconstriction and intracellular Ca
2+
mobilization in coronary smooth muscle cells. We found that UII promoted dose-dependent vasoconstriction and elicited Ca
2+
and Mn
2+
influx, which were sensitive to classical SOCE inhibitors. In addition, knockdown of either STIM1 or Orai1 essentially inhibited UII-mediated SOCE and prevented UII but not high-KCL evoked contraction in transfected coronary artery. Moreover, we found that Ca
2+
-independent phospholipase A
2
β was involved in UII effects and that is colocalized with STIM1 in different submembrane compartments. Importantly, STIM1 but not Orai1 downregulation inhibits significantly independent phospholipase A
2
activation. Furthermore, lysophosphatidylcholine, an independent phospholipase A
2
product, activated Orai1 but not STIM1-dependent contraction and SOCE.

Conclusion—
Here, we demonstrated that different critical players of SOCE signaling pathway are required for UII-induced vasoconstriction of rat coronary artery.
Cardiac Complications in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Corrales-Medina Vicente F. , Musher Daniel M. , Wells George A. , Chirinos Julio A. , Chen Li , Fine Michael J. 
Published: January 2012

Background—
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) affects >5 million adults each year in the United States. Although incident cardiac complications occur in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, their incidence, timing, risk factors, and associations with short-term mortality are not well understood.

Methods and Results—
A total of 1343 inpatients and 944 outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia were followed up prospectively for 30 days after presentation. Incident cardiac complications (new or worsening heart failure, new or worsening arrhythmias, or myocardial infarction) were diagnosed in 358 inpatients (26.7%) and 20 outpatients (2.1%). Although most events (89.1% in inpatients, 75% in outpatients) were diagnosed within the first week, more than half of them were recognized in the first 24 hours. Factors associated with their diagnosis included older age (odds ratio [OR]=1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.04), nursing home residence (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–2.9), history of heart failure (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 3.0–6.3), prior cardiac arrhythmias (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–2.7), previously diagnosed coronary artery disease (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.04–2.0), arterial hypertension (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.1), respiratory rate ≥30 breaths per minute (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1–2.3), blood pH <7.35 (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.8–5.7), blood urea nitrogen ≥30 mg/dL (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.2), serum sodium <130 mmol/L (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.02–3.1), hematocrit <30% (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3–3.2), pleural effusion on presenting chest x-ray (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1–2.4), and inpatient care (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.8–8.3). Incident cardiac complications were associated with increased risk of death at 30 days after adjustment for baseline Pneumonia Severity Index score (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.04–2.5).

Conclusions—
Incident cardiac complications are common in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and are associated with increased short-term mortality. Older age, nursing home residence, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and pneumonia severity are associated with their occurrence. Further studies are required to test risk stratification and prevention and treatment strategies for cardiac complications in this population.
The Argatroban and Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study
Authors: Barreto Andrew D. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Lyden Pat , Lee Jessica , Martin-Schild Sheryl , Shen Loren , Wu Tzu-Ching , Sisson April , Pandurengan Renganayaki , Chen Zhongxue , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Balucani Clotilde , Barlinn Kristian , Sugg Rebecca M. , Garami Zsolt , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Gonzales Nicole R. , Savitz Sean I. , Mikulik Robert , Demchuk Andrew M. , Grotta James C. 
Published: January 2012

Background and Purpose—
Argatroban is a direct thrombin inhibitor that safely augments recanalization achieved by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in animal stroke models. The Argatroban tPA Stroke Study was an open-label, pilot safety study of tPA plus Argatroban in patients with ischemic stroke due to proximal intracranial occlusion.

Methods—
During standard-dose intravenous tPA, a 100-μg/kg bolus of Argatroban and infusion for 48 hours was adjusted to a target partial thromboplastin time of 1.75× baseline. The primary outcome was incidence of significant intracerebral hemorrhage defined as either symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage or Parenchymal Hematoma Type 2. Recanalization was measured at 2 and 24 hours by transcranial Doppler or CT angiography.

Results—
Sixty-five patients were enrolled (45% men, mean age 63±14 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale=13). The median (interquartile range) time tPA to Argatroban bolus was 51 (38–60) minutes. Target anticoagulation was reached at a median (interquartile range) of 3 (2–7) hours. Significant intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients (6.2%; 95% CI, 1.7–15.0). Of these, 3 were symptomatic (4.6%; 95% CI, 0.9–12.9). Seven patients (10%) died in the first 7 days. Within the 2-hour monitoring period, transcranial Doppler recanalization (n=47) occurred in 29 (61%) patients: complete in 19 (40%) and partial in another 10 (21%).

Conclusions—
The combination of Argatroban and intravenous tPA is potentially safe in patients with moderate neurological deficits due to proximal intracranial arterial occlusions and may produce more complete recanalization than tPA alone. Continued evaluation of this treatment combination is warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00268762.
Ezetimibe and Regression of Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bogiatzi Chrysi , Spence J. David 
Published: January 2012

Background and Purpose—
There has been recent controversy over failure of ezetimibe to reduce carotid intima-media thickness. Much of this is based on failure to understand important differences among ultrasound phenotypes of atherosclerosis.

Methods—
We analyzed the effect of adding ezetimibe to the regimen of patients being followed in vascular prevention clinics where measurement of carotid plaque burden (total plaque area) is used to guide therapy.

Results—

There were complete data in 231 patients with total plaque area for 2 years before and 2 years after initiation of ezetimibe. In the 2 years before and after initiation of ezetimibe, total cholesterol decreased significantly before (
P
<0.0001) and after initiation of ezetimibe (
P
<0.0001); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol declined significantly before (
P
<0.0001) and after (
P
=0.003) initiation of ezetimibe. Triglycerides declined significantly before ezetimibe (
P
<0.0001) but did not change after addition of ezetimibe (
P
=0.48). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not change significantly before (
P
=0.87) but declined significantly after ezetimibe (
P
=0.03). Despite the decline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol before addition of ezetimibe, there was a significant mean increase in within-individual total plaque area in the 2 years before addition of ezetimibe by 6.89±39.57 mm
2
(SD); after addition of ezetimibe, despite the decline in high-density lipoprotein, plaque area decreased by −3.05±SD 38.18 mm
2
SD (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
Ezetimibe appears to regress carotid plaque burden. To assess effects of antiatherosclerotic therapies, it is important to measure plaque burden. These findings should be tested in a clinical trial.
Age structure and growth in a population of Pelobates varaldii (Anura, Pelobatidae) from northwestern Morocco
Authors: Mezzasalma Marcello , Maria Guarino Fabio , Crottini Angelica , Andreone Franco , de Pous Philip 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAge structure and growth in the Moroccan spadefoot toad, Pelobates varaldii were estimated by skeletochronology and reported for the first time for a population living in NW Morocco. Snout vent length and body mass did not significantly differ between the sexes, although females appeared larger and heavier than males. Age ranged 2-7 years in males (mean age±SD: 4.5±1.2, n = 66) and 2-10 years in females (4.7±2.4, n = 20). The difference in age was not significant between the sexes. The modal age was 5 years for males and 3 years for females. The age distributions significantly differed between the sexes. Von Bertalanffy growth curves showed a similar profile between the sexes although growth coefficient was higher in males than in females. Longevity and growth rates of P. varaldii were compared with those of other species of the genus Pelobates.
The Origin and Aim of Posterior Analytics II.19
Authors: Bronstein David 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In Posterior Analytics II.19 Aristotle raises and answers the question, how do first principles become known? The usual view is that the question asks about the process or method by which we learn principles and that his answer is induction. I argue that the question asks about the original prior knowledge from which principles become known and that his answer is perception. Hence the aim of II.19 is not to explain how we get all the way to principles but to defend the claim that our knowledge of them originates in perception. Aristotle explains how we learn principles earlier in book II, in his account of definitional inquiry. In II.19 he explains how we reach by induction the preliminary accounts necessary for such inquiries.
Status of the Asiatic Sea Snakes of the Hydrophis nigrocinctus group (H. nigrocinctus, H. hendersoni, and H. walli; Elapidae, Hydrophiinae)
Authors: Elmberg Johan , Ineich Ivan , McCarthy Colin , Rasmussen Arne R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe literature of the Hydrophis nigrocinctus group, including Hydrophis nigrocinctus, H. hendersoni and H. walli, is reviewed. Based on internal and external morphological data from the literature and own examination of museum specimens, we recognize two valid species in the complex: Hydrophis nigrocinctus and H. hendersoni. Hydrophis walli is synonymised with H. nigrocinctus.
The Origin and Development of the Johannine Egō Eimi Sayings in Cognitive-Critical Perspective
Authors: Anderson Paul N. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The long-held critical judgment that the I-am sayings of Jesus in the Fourth
Gospel have no connection at all with the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth is
based primarily on the inference that they are entirely missing from the
Synoptics. As a result, John has been expunged from Jesus research, assuming
its patent ahistoricity; yet critical analyses have largely overlooked
Johannine- Synoptic similarities. While the Johannine presentation of Jesus’
I-am sayings is indeed distinctive and highly theological, it cannot be
claimed that either the I-am convention of speech or its predicate metaphors
and themes are absent from the Synoptics. Indeed, some absolute I-am sayings
are present in Mark, and each of the nine terms used with the predicate
nominative in John are also present in the Synoptics. Therefore, it cannot
be claimed that such terms, on the basis of the Synoptics alone, were never
used by the historical Jesus or present within early traditional material.
As a means of discerning a plausible understanding of how the Johannine
presentation of the I-am sayings of Jesus may have emerged,
cognitive-critical analysis poses a way forward. Within the developing
memory of the Johannine tradition, earlier words of Jesus likely became
crafted into the evangelist’s apologetic presentation of Jesus’ ministry as
a means of convincing later audiences that he was indeed the
Messiah/Christ.