bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) proviral load of HTLV‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients according to new diagnostic criteria of HAM/TSP
Authors: Grassi Maria Fernanda Rios , Olavarria Viviana Nilla , Kruschewsky Ramon de Almeida , Mascarenhas Rita Elizabeth , Dourado Inês , Correia Luis C.L. , de Castro‐Costa Carlos Maurício , Galvão‐Castro Bernardo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA high human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) proviral load is described in HTLV‐1‐associated diseases, especially HAM/TSP. However, the cut‐off value to define high levels of HTLV‐1 proviral load is not well established. 281 HTLV‐1‐infected patients from the HTLV reference center in Salvador, Brazil, were followed from 2005 to 2008. Patients were classified as asymptomatic, possible‐, probable‐, and definite‐HAM/TSP, in accordance with diagnostic criteria proposed by De Castro‐Costa et al. (2006): AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22:931–935. HTLV‐1 proviral load was determined using real‐time PCR. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed using only asymptomatic individuals and definite‐HAM/TSP patients. The ROC curve was used to predict the proviral load level that differentiates these two groups. Out of 281 patients, 189 were asymptomatic and 92 were diagnosed with HAM/TSP (22 possible, 23 probable, 47 definite). The mean HTLV‐1 proviral load was higher in possible‐ (89,104 ± 93,006 copies/106 PBMC), ‐probable (175,854 ± 128,083 copies/106 PBMC), and definite‐HAM/TSP patients (150,667 ± 122,320 copies/106 PBMC), when compared to asymptomatic individuals (27,178 ± 41,155 copies/106 PBMC) (P < 0.0001). A comparison of all HAM/TSP groups showed the highest proviral loads in probable‐HAM/TSP patients, yet the differences in mean values were not statistically significant. The ROC curve suggested a value of 49,865 copies/106 PBMC, with 87% sensitivity (95% CI = 74–95) and 81% specificity (95% CI = 75–86), as the best proviral load cut‐off point to differentiate definite HAM/TSP patients from asymptomatic individuals. HTLV‐1 proviral loads are higher in groups of infected patients with neurological symptoms and may represent a relevant biological marker of disease progression. J. Med. Virol. 83:1269–1274, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene and amino acid substitutions in the hepatitis C virus core region on interferon sensitivity/resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Tada Toshifumi , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Murakami Yoshiki , Matsuda Fumihiko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIt has been reported that genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene or amino acid substitutions in hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein are associated with the clinical outcome of peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin combination therapy. The impact of these factors on the pure sensitivity/resistance to interferon was evaluated. Changes in the HCV RNA levels 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr after administering a single dose of standard interferon (IFN) were measured in 156 HCV‐infected patients. The changes were compared based on the genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene or amino acid substitutions in the HCV core region. Among patients with HCV genotype 1b, there were differences in the reduction and subsequent increase in HCV RNA levels after administering IFN based on rs8099917 genetic polymorphisms. Amino acid substitutions at residue 70 were associated with differences in the changes in HCV RNA levels only in patients with TG/GG genotype. Multivariate analyses showed that genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene was the sole independent factor that was associated with the reduction in HCV RNA levels after administering IFN and the final response to the combination therapy. Among patients infected with HCV genotype 2a or 2b, there were no differences in the changes in HCV RNA levels based on the genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene. In HCV genotype 1b, genetic variations near the IL28B gene affected the sensitivity/resistance to IFN strongly. Genetic polymorphisms near the IL28B gene did not affect the sensitivity/resistance to IFN in HCV genotype 2. J. Med. Virol. 83:1203–1211, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prognostic value of changes in serum ferritin levels during therapy for hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Ackerman Zvi , Pappo Orit , Ben‐Dov Iddo Z. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn increase in serum ferritin levels during combined interferon–ribavirin treatment in chronic patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can occur. A study was conducted to determine whether observing the kinetics of serum ferritin levels during antiviral therapy, may assist in predicting the rate of sustained virological response. The kinetics of serum ferritin levels during antiviral therapy in treatment‐naive, adherent patients with chronic HCV who had early virological response were characterized. Thirteen patients achieved sustained virological response (group 1) while eight patients did not (group 2). Pre‐treatment serum ferritin levels were higher in group 2 patients. During antiviral therapy, serum ferritin levels increased in both groups. On treatment, the median increase (compared to baseline) and the calculated rate of the increase in serum ferritin levels was higher in group 1 patients (874% vs. 272%, P < 0.05, 63%/week vs. 13%/week, P = 0.024, respectively). Red blood cell lysis did not contribute to the increase in serum ferritin level. Post‐treatment (1st month) serum ferritin levels in group 1 patients were lower than in group 2 patients. In addition, the degree of decline in the 1st month serum ferritin levels (from peak levels) in group 1 patients was higher (76% vs. 49%, P = 0.039). Measuring serum ferritin levels during antiviral therapy in HCV patients who had an early virological response may assist in predicting sustained virological response. J. Med. Virol. 83:1262–1268, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of widespread methadone treatment on the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Denise P.C. , Lee Shui Shan , Lee Krystal C.K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe distribution of HCV genotypes among injection drug users in Hong Kong was assessed in context of methadone treatment availability. Three time periods were defined by the year of initiating injection—on or before 1980, 1981–1994, and 1995–2006—with methadone becoming widely available since the second period. Of the 273 HCV RNA‐positive cases, the most prevalent subtype was HCV 6a (52.4%), followed by HCV 1b (38.5%). The new variants of HCV subtypes 6e and 6h were detected. Both subtypes 1b and 6a were prevalent among older injectors, while subtype 3a was more common in young injectors and those initiating injection recently during the third time period. Age (P < 0.05) and recent injection frequency (P < 0.01) were independently associated with HCV 6a infection. Subtype 1b was predominant in the first period, whereas 6a was more common in the second and third. Subtype 1b sequences appeared to have originated at two positions on the phylogenetic tree, while 6a showed a more disperse distribution suggestive of multiple introductions. Phylogenetic analysis on the NS5B region did not reveal specific clustering of any subtype/genotype. Overall, there was no suggestion of outbreaks of HCV. The extensive use of methadone may have protected Hong Kong from the emergence of HCV clusters among injection drug users. J. Med. Virol. 83:1187–1194, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid discrimination of oseltamivir‐resistant 275Y and ‐susceptible 275H substitutions in the neuraminidase gene of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus by duplex one‐step RT‐PCR assay
Authors: Nakauchi Mina , Ujike Makoto , Obuchi Masatsugu , Takashita Emi , Takayama Ikuyo , Ejima Miho , Oba Kunihiro , Konomi Nami , Odagiri Takato , Tashiro Masato , Kageyama Tsutomu ,   the influenza virus surveillance group of Japan
Published: May 2011

AbstractPandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 (A/H1N1pdm) virus caused significant outbreaks worldwide last year (2009). A number of oseltamivir‐resistant A/H1N1pdm viruses possessing an H275Y substitution in the neuraminidase (NA) protein were reported sporadically in several countries, including Japan, but they were sensitive to zanamivir and did not spread in the community. In this study, to monitor rapidly and simply oseltamivir‐resistant A/H1N1pdm viruses possessing H275Y, a duplex one‐step RT‐PCR assay (H275Y RT‐PCR assay) was developed based on an endpoint genotyping analysis method. H275Y RT‐PCR assay evaluated using several subtypes/types of influenza A and B viruses and other respiratory pathogenic viruses and shown to have high sensitivity and high specificity. Forty‐four clinical specimens were tested after RNA purification using the H275Y RT‐PCR assay, resulting in one clinical specimen being found to contain a virus possessing the H275Y mutation. Seventy‐three clinical isolates were then tested with the H275Y assay by using clinical isolates in the cultured supernatants of cells directly, without RNA purification, and the results were consistent with the NA sequencing. Since the H275Y RT‐PCR assay could detect the H275Y mutation in clinical isolates without RNA purification, as well as a H275Y mutated virus in clinical specimens after RNA purification, the assay was considered a powerful tool for surveillance screening of oseltamivir‐resistant A/H1N1pdm virus activity. J. Med. Virol. 83:1121–1127, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A physically based, accurate compact model of direct tunneling gate current considering quantum mechanical effects in nanoscale metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors
Authors: Karim M. A. , Khosru Q. D. M. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYWe present a physically based, accurate model of the direct tunneling gate current of nanoscale metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors considering quantum mechanical effects. Effect of wave function penetration into the gate dielectric is also incorporated. When electrons tunnel from the metal oxide semiconductor inversion layer to the gate, the eigenenergies of the quasi‐bound states turn out to be complex quantities. The imaginary part of these complex eigenenergies, Γij, are required to estimate the finite lifetimes of these states. We present an empirical equation of Γij as a function of surface potential. Inversion layer electron concentration is determined using eigenenergies, calculated by modified Airy function approximation. Hence, a compact model of direct tunneling gate current is proposed using a novel approach. Good agreement of the proposed compact model with self‐consistent numerical simulator and published experimental data for a wide range of substrate doping densities and oxide thicknesses states the accuracy and robustness of the proposed model. The proposed model can well be extended for devices with high‐κ/stack gate dielectrics introducing necessary modifications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Muscle and joint‐contact loading at the glenohumeral joint after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Ackland David C. , Roshan‐Zamir Sasha , Richardson Martin , Pandy Marcus G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to determine the contributions of each shoulder muscle to glenohumeral joint force during abduction and flexion in both the anatomical and post‐operative shoulder and to identify factors that may contribute to the incidence of glenoid component loosening/failure and joint instability in the shoulder after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Eight cadaveric upper extremities were mounted onto a testing apparatus. Muscle lines of action were measured, and muscle forces and muscle contributions to glenohumeral joint forces were determined during abduction and flexion of the pre‐operative anatomical shoulder and of the shoulder after arthroplasty. Muscle forces in the middle deltoid during abduction and those in the middle and anterior deltoid during flexion were significantly lower in the reverse shoulder than the pre‐operative shoulder (p < 0.017). The resultant glenohumeral joint force in the reverse shoulder was significantly lower than that in the pre‐operative shoulder; however, the superior shear force acting at the glenohumeral joint was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty reduces muscle effort in performing lifting and pushing tasks; however, reduced joint compressive force has the potential to compromise joint stability, while an increased superior joint shear force may contribute to component loosening/failure. Because greater superior shear force is generated in flexion than in abduction, care should be taken to avoid excessive shoulder loading in this plane of elevation. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1850–1858, 2011
The dimensionality of posttraumatic stress symptoms and their relationship to depression in children and adolescents
Authors: Hukkelberg Silje S. , Jensen Tine K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aims of the study were twofold: to investigate 6 different factor structures in posttraumatic stress symptoms using confirmatory factor analyses with polychoric correlations, and to examine to what extent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is different from depression. The study was based on a clinical sample of 312 children and adolescents 10 to 18 years old who had experienced different types of traumatic events. Results showed that 3 out of the 6 models demonstrated good fit, but the dysphoria model provided the best fit to the data. Furthermore, correlations between depression and subscales of the dysphoria and numbing models provided additional support for the dysphoria model.
Rape, sex partnership, and substance use consequences in women veterans
Authors: Booth Brenda M. , Mengeling Michelle , Torner James , Sadler Anne G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe association of rape history and sexual partnership with alcohol and drug use consequences in women veterans is unknown. Midwestern women veterans (N = 1,004) completed a retrospective telephone interview assessing demographics, rape history, substance abuse and dependence, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One third met lifetime criteria for substance use disorder (SUD), half reported lifetime completed rape, a third childhood rape, one quarter in‐military rape, 11% sex with women. Lifetime SUD was higher for women with rape history (64% vs. 44%). Women with women as sex partners had significantly higher rates of all measures of rape, and also lifetime substance use disorder. Postmilitary rape, sex partnership, and current depression were significantly associated with lifetime SUD in multivariate models (odds ratio = 2.3, 3.6, 2.1, respectively). Many women veterans have a high need for comprehensive mental health services.
Immobilization of Peroxidase on SiO2 Surfaces with the Help of a Dendronized Polymer and the Avidin‐Biotin System
Authors: Fornera Sara , Balmer Tobias E. , Zhang Baozhong , Schlüter A. Dieter , Walde Peter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHorseradish peroxidase (HRP) is immobilized in three easy steps on SiO2 surfaces with the help of a polycationic second generation dendronized polymer (denpol) and the biotin‐avidin system. This stepwise immobilization process is monitored and quantitatively analyzed with the transmission interferometric adsorption sensor. Partially biotinylated denpol is first adsorbed onto SiO2, followed by addition of avidin and then of biotinylated HRP. Denpols in their molecular structure combine properties of polymers as well as dendrimers which are found to be of clear advantage for this type of non‐covalent enzyme immobilization. With respect to the reproducibility of the adsorption process and with respect to the stability of the adsorbed polymer layer, the denpol is superior to α‐poly‐D‐lysine which is used as a reference polymer. Furthermore, HRP immobilized with the denpol on commercial glass slides remains considerably more active upon storage as compared to HRP immobilized with the help of α‐poly‐D‐lysine with a similar number of repeating units. The ease of the denpol‐mediated HRP immobilization and the high stability of the immobilized enzyme are promising for bioanalytical applications. magnified image
Iron‐mediated AGET ATRP of Methyl Methacrylate in the Presence of Catalytic Amounts of Base
Authors: He Wenjing , Zhang Lifen , Bai Liangjiu , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Jian , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel method for iron‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization with activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) ATRP of a polar monomer, methyl methacrylate (MMA), is developed in the presence of catalytic amounts of inorganic base NaHCO3 or Na2CO3. The polymerization is carried out using FeCl3 · 6H2O as the catalyst, triphenylphosphine as the ligand, ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate as the initiator, and vitamin C as the reducing agent at 70 °C. It is found that the addition of base into the polymerization system enhances the polymerization rate significantly but does not destroy the controllability over the molecular weight and molar‐mass dispersity. magnified image
Microwave‐Induced Shape‐Memory Effect of Chemically Crosslinked Moist Poly(vinyl alcohol) Networks
Authors: Du Haiyan , Yu Yunlong , Jiang Guangming , Zhang Junhua , Bao JianJun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMWs are explored as the driving force for an SMP based on chemically crosslinked moist PVA networks. The samples show rapid shape recovery under MW irradiation, whereas dry samples experience no shape changes when irradiated. This effect is attributed to the heat created by vibrating water molecules inside the samples that supplies the energy required for shape recovery. The rate of recovery rate is affected not only by the water content in the material but also by the applied MW power output. Automatic network analysis, DSC, and DMA are used to study the dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties of the samples. MW‐induced shape recovery offers advantages such as high and variable recovery rate and the absence of direct contact between the heating source and the material. magnified image
Effect of Co‐Rotation and Counter‐Rotation Extrusion Processing on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties, and Morphology of Plasticized Soy Protein Isolate and Poly(butylene succinate) Blends
Authors: Bonham Sara , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBlends of plasticized soy protein isolate (PSPI) and poly(butylenes succinate) (PBS) were prepared in a 70:30 wt.‐% ratio via co‐rotation (CR) and counter‐rotation (CTR) twin‐screw extrusion. The novelty in this research suggests that CTR extrusion provides enhanced interfacial adhesion, tensile elongation and prolonged onset (Tonset) and end (Tend) thermal degradation temperatures. The average tensile strain at break showed to be ≈40% higher for PSPI‐CTR material and ≈55% higher for PBS:PSPI‐CTR (70:30) blends. Both Tonset and Tend for CTR processed PBS:PSPI(70:30) and PSPI were ≈10 °C greater than those of CR. These results suggest that the enhanced shear rate and radial motion associated with CTR allows for better destructurization and blending of PSPI within the PBS matrix, resulting in enhanced structural integrity due to the formation of possible amide and ester linkages. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides further support based on evidence of reduced voids on the surface of all CTR blends magnified image
Prostasomal DNA characterization and transfer into human sperm
Authors: Ronquist Göran K. , Larsson Anders , Ronquist Gunnar , Isaksson Anders , Hreinsson Julius , Carlsson Lena , Stavreus‐Evers Anneli 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHuman prostasomes, exosome‐like microvesicles secreted by acinar cells of the prostate gland, contain chromosomal DNA. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from seminal prostasomes displayed fragments of over 12 kb and smaller, with a distinct band around 1 kb that was excised, cloned, and sequenced. The sequences showed 8 out of 25 clones (32%) originating from genes. We elaborated the concept further by carrying out a genome‐wide DNA copy number analysis of prostasomal DNA, hypothesizing that human prostasomes contain fragments of DNA randomly selected from the entire genome. Acridine orange‐stained prostasomes were incubated with freshly prepared sperm for different times, and a transfer of acridine orange‐stained prostasomal DNA to sperm (preferentially the head region) was observed. Fluorescence microscopy of slices in the center of 14 optical slides of the sperm head displayed an even fluorescence rather than a halo‐like one, indicating DNA‐uptake rather than just binding along the sperm head membrane. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:467–476, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the anatomy and histology of the pubovisceral muscle enthesis in women
Authors: Kim Jinyong , Ramanah Rajeev , DeLancey John O.L. , Ashton‐Miller James A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAimsThe origin of the pubovisceral muscle (PVM) from the pubic bone is known to be at elevated risk for injury during difficult vaginal births. We examined the anatomy and histology of its enthesial origin to classify its type and see if it differs from appendicular entheses.MethodsParasagittal sections of the pubic bone, PVM enthesis, myotendinous junction, and muscle proper were harvested from five female cadavers (51–98 years). Histological sections were prepared with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhoeff‐Van Gieson stains. The type of enthesis was identified according to a published enthesial classification scheme. Quantitative imaging analysis was performed in sampling bands 2 mm apart along the enthesis to determine its cross‐sectional area and composition.ResultsThe PVM enthesis can be classified as a fibrous enthesis. The PVM muscle fibers terminated in collagenous fibers that insert tangentially onto the periosteum of the pubic bone for the most part. Sharpey's fibers were not observed. In a longitudinal cross‐section, the area of the connective tissue and muscle becomes equal approximately 8 mm from the pubic bone.ConclusionThe PVM originates bilaterally from the pubic bone via fibrous entheses whose collagen fibers arise tangentially from the periosteum of the pubic bone. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1366–1370, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the perturbation of the Q‐factor of the QR factorization
Authors: Chang X.‐W. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYThis paper gives normwise and componentwise perturbation analyses for the Q‐factor of the QR factorization of the matrix A with full column rank when A suffers from an additive perturbation. Rigorous perturbation bounds are derived on the projections of the perturbation of the Q‐factor in the range of A and its orthogonal complement. These bounds overcome a serious shortcoming of the first‐order perturbation bounds in the literature and can be used safely. From these bounds, identical or equivalent first‐order perturbation bounds in the literature can easily be derived. When A is square and nonsingular, tighter and simpler rigorous perturbation bounds on the perturbation of the Q‐factor are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyanate ester–alumina nanoparticle suspensions: Effect of alumina concentration on viscosity and cure behavior
Authors: Ament Katherine A. , Kessler Michael R. , Akinc Mufit 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effect of alumina nanoparticles on the viscosity and curing behavior of a bisphenol E cyanate ester monomer suspension was investigated by rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The viscosity was found to increase with solids content and was fit well by the Mooney equation. Cure experiments indicate that alumina particles catalyze the curing of the suspensions. The viscosity reduction achieved at high particle loadings by the addition of benzoic acid was also investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers