bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is Christian orthodoxy according to Justin'sDialogue?
Authors: Choi Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article suggests that Christian orthodoxy according to Justin'sDialoguecan be understood if one considers Justin's christology as stemming not merely from an opposition to Judaism (as Boyarin argues), but rather from the recognition of inadequate soteriology according to rabbinic teachings of Justin's time. This is most clearly delineated in Trypho's response as well as Justin's emphasis on the inclusive salvific efficacy of the crucifixion. Trypho's most enduring objection is not that there is another god explicated by Justin through Logos theology, nor that the Messiah is divine. Trypho resists the Christian message because he is most troubled by Justin's assertion that this Messiah died the death cursed by the Law of Moses.
Habermas and Ratzinger on the Future of Religion
Authors: Welker Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe article investigates the encounter between Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger and Jürgen Habermas in Munich 2004. The event was widely regarded as a conversation about the topic ‘The Pre-Political Moral Foundations of a Liberal State’. It was praised as a dialogue between the ‘personification of the Catholic faith’ and ‘the personification of liberal, individual and secular thought’ with far-reaching consequences. A close analysis of the texts, however, shows that Ratzinger and Habermas think in quite incompatible frameworks with very different concerns. They both share a sceptical attitude towards scientific ideology and they both show a remarkable lack of cultural and political realism. Habermas assumes that civil-societal elites will transform moral concerns into political and legal power. Ratzinger hopes for a revival of natural law tradition which would overcome the ‘pathologies of reason’ and political and religious fanaticism.
Wastewater use in crop production in peri-urban areas of Addis Ababa: impacts on health in farm households
Authors: WELDESILASSIE ALEBEL B. , BOELEE ELINE , DRECHSEL PAY , DABBERT STEPHAN 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTUsing stream water polluted with untreated wastewater in agriculture is controversial due to its combination of benefits and negative health impacts. Using data from a household survey, ‘wastewater’ and ‘freshwater’ farmers were analysed comparatively to examine the perceived impacts of irrigation water quality on farmers' health and to evaluate the extent of health damage. Probability of illness was estimated using the theory of utility-maximising behaviour of households subject to the conventional farm household production model, augmented by adding a health production function. Reduced model and instrumental variable probit specifications both show that perceived illness prevalence is significantly higher for household members working on wastewater irrigation farms than for those working with freshwater. Our data entails econometric complications (e.g., endogeneity of farmers' behaviour, unobserved location-specific characteristics). Ignoring these will result in underestimation of the value of policy interventions designed to reduce potential health damage of wastewater use in irrigation.
The regulation of oestrous cycles in groups of post-pubertal female pigs using allyl-trenbolone
Authors: Varley M. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSixty Landrace × Large White gilts were allocated at random to one of three treatments. Treatment A gilts were fed 16 mg allyl-trenbolone once a day for 18 days. Treatment B gilts were fed 20 mg allyl-trenbolone per day for 18 days. Treatment C gilts were controls. The gilts were allocated to treatment at 111·3 ± 1·91 kg live weight, moved to a pen with individual feeders and put into groups of four gilts to a pen with a sexually mature boar in the adjacent pen. Treatment A and B gilts were tested for heat with a boar for 20 min each day beginning on the day after the last allyl-trenbolone feed. Treatment C gilts were tested with a boar in the same way after allocation. The time from the last allyl-trenbolone feed to oestrus for treatments A and B was 7·05 ± 0·44 and 8·4 ± 0·49 days. The time from the beginning of heat detection to oestrus for group C gilts was 22·4 ± 4·5 days. At oestrus, all gilts were mated twice on successive days with a fertile boar. The mean litter size at farrowing for treatment A was 9·1 ± 0·62; B, 11·2 ± 0·75 and C, 9·3 ± 0·65 piglets born alive (P < 0·05). It is concluded that giving 20 mg of allyl-trenbolone for 18 days to groups of peripubertal gilts is a very effective means of controlling oestrus and ovulation.
The effect of selection for altered body weight on the ultrastructural components of skeletal muscle fibres
Authors: Hooper A. C. B. , Hurley M. P. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTUltrastructural parameters of muscle growth were measured in lines of mice which had undergone 15 generations of selection for high and low body weight. Previous light microscopic studies of these lines had shown that selection for altered body weight evokes correlated responses in the weight of skeletal muscles as a result of changes in both the number and the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the fibres.The length of the myosin filaments and of the actin filaments (including the Z disc) did not differ significantly from the controls in themm. sternomastoideus, biceps brachiiandtibialis anteriorof mature male mice from the two selection lines. The mean cross-sectional area of the myofibrils of themm. sternomastoideusandbiceps brachiiwere also unaltered by selection for high and low body weight. Changes in the area of the fibres were brought about by increases and decreases in the number of their constituent myofibrils and corresponding changes in the non-contractile elements.Selection for high and low body weight did not affect the dimensions of the contractile elements of the muscle fibres. The genetically determined alterations in the length and cross-sectional area of the fibres were due to changes in the number of their constituent sarcomeres and myofibrils. These changes are similar to those which occur during growth.
Treatment of barley straw with urea or anhydrous ammonia for growing cattle
Authors: Mira J. J. F. , Kay M. , Hunter E. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn experiment 1, nine Hereford × Friesian steers weighing 325 kg were used in a changeover design and offered long barley straw that had been treated with 30 g anhydrous ammonia per kg for 8 weeks, a solution providing 25 g urea per kg straw dry matter or a solution providing 23 g urea and 3 g ammonium sulphate per kg straw dry matter. In addition they were offered 3 kg/day of mineralized rolled barley. In experiment 2, 30 Hereford × Friesian steers weighing 380 kg were used in a continuous growth trial of 10 weeks duration. They were allocated to one of the following barley straw treatments, straw that had been exposed to 30 g anhydrous ammonia per kg for 4 weeks, untreated straw with a urea supplement in the barley or untreated straw. The straw was fed ad libitum with either 2·8 or 4·4 kg rolled barley daily.The barley straw contained 43 and 27 g crude protein per kg dry matter in experiment 1 and 2 respectively. In both experiments, ammonia treatment increased the crude protein content of the straw and resulted in improved straw intakes and higher live-weight gains. The results of experiment 2 cast doubt on the practice of providing supplementary nitrogen with food based on long barley straw and barley when steers weighing about 400 kg are used.
Usefulness of some components of the lactation curve for selection in Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Cheema J. S. , Basu S. B. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe study was based on 1156 lactation records of 545 Murrah buffaloes. Initial milk yield, peak yield, ascending phase milk yield and days to attain peak daily production, the means of which were 26·7 kg, 10·3 kg, 407 kg and 58·9 days respectively, were all affected by period, season and parity of calving. Heifers recorded the least initial milk yield and peak yield and took the longest time to reach peak production. Peak yield was the most important single factor (R2 = 0·41) in causing variation in 43-week milk yield. The heritability estimates for initial, peak and ascending phase milk yields and days to attain peak yield were 0·35, 0·51, 0·27 and 0·13 respectively, whilst that for 43-week milk yield was 0·18. Peak yield had the highest phenotypic (rP = 0·64) and genetic correlations (ra = 0·68 ± 0·19) with the 43-week milk yield. Other genetic correlations with the 43-week milk yield were low and non-significant. The results indicated that indirect selection for peak yield would be more effective than direct selection for improving the 43-week milk yield in buffaloes.
A note on the concentration of energy in the milk of Friesian and Jersey cows
Authors: Grainger C. , Holmes C. W. , Bryant A. M. , Moore Y. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe relations between the gross energy concentration of milk and its concentration of fat and protein were calculated for samples of Jersey and Friesian milk. Stage of lactation and level of feeding had no consistent effects on the relations.The calculated equations can be used to predict the energy concentrations of milk from Jersey or Friesian cows fed on pasture, from the concentrations of fat alone or from the concentrations of fat and protein. The predicted values agree with those predicted by earlier published equations.
A note on the assessment of down production in Australian ‘cashmere’ goats
Authors: Couchman R. C. , McGregor B. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTDown production of 93 feral, F1 and F2 cashmere-producing goats run in Victoria was investigated. The goats were visually assessed for down production and shorn. Their fleeces were evaluated for total fibre, down yield, fibre diameter, grease and moisture content. Analyses on down yield and fleece characteristics indicated that they compared favourably with those of traditional cashmere-producing countries. Mean down production ranged from 330 g for males to 148 g for females. Sampling at three body sites was accurate in determining total fleece measures and visual assessment proved a reliable screening technique for on-farm selection. Large variation was found in down production indicating the possibility of rapid genetic gain through selection.
FIBRILLIN4Is Required for Plastoglobule Development and Stress Resistance in Apple and Arabidopsis
Authors: Singh Dharmendra K. , Maximova Siela N. , Jensen Philip J. , Lehman Brian L. , Ngugi Henry K. , McNellis Timothy W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe fibrillins are a large family of chloroplast proteins that have been linked with stress tolerance and disease resistance. FIBRILLIN4 (FIB4) is found associated with the photosystem II light-harvesting complex, thylakoids, and plastoglobules, which are chloroplast compartments rich in lipophilic antioxidants. For this study, FIB4 expression was knocked down in apple (Malus 3 domestica) using RNA interference. Plastoglobule osmiophilicity was decreased in fib4 knockdown (fib4 KD) tree chloroplasts compared with the wild type, while total plastoglobule number was unchanged. Compared with the wild type, net photosynthetic CO2 fixation in fib4 KD trees was decreased at high light intensity but was increased at low light intensity. Furthermore, fib4 KD trees produced more anthocyanins than the wild type when transferred from low to high light intensity, indicating greater sensitivity to high light stress. Relative to the wild type, fib4 KD apples were more sensitive to methyl viologen and had higher superoxide levels during methyl viologen treatment. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) fib4 mutants and fib4 KD apples were more susceptible than their wild-type counterparts to the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato and Erwinia amylovora, respectively, and were more sensitive to ozone-induced tissue damage. Following ozone stress, plastoglobule osmiophilicity decreased in wild-type apple and remained low in fib4 KD trees; total plastoglobule number increased in fib4 KD apples but not in the wild type. These results indicate that FIB4 is required for plastoglobule development and resistance to multiple stresses. This study suggests that FIB4 is involved in regulating plastoglobule content and that defective regulation of plastoglobule content leads to broad stress sensitivity and altered photosynthetic activity.
36. Observations on the Development of the Sympathetic Nervous System and Suprarenal Bodies in the Sparrow.
Authors: Rau A. Subba , Johnson P. H. 
Published: September 2010

Summary.The primary sympathetic primordia originate from the apinal cord, and are hence ectodermal in origin.The primordia of the ganglin of the primary sympathetic chain are laid down metamerically at inter‐somitic points.The constituent cells of the primordia are derived fromThe neural crest;The dorsal root ganglia;The neural tube by way of the ventral root.The primordia extend cranially and candally to form a continuous chain on either side.The primaly ganglionic swellings extend dorso‐laterally. The free ends of these extensions enlarge and becoming separated from the primary ganglia give origin to the definitive Sympathetic ganglia.As in the case of the primary ganglia these definitive ganglis extend cranio‐caudally and unite to form a continuous chain.The primary sympathetic gives origin toThe secondary sympathetic chains;The chromaffin cells of the medulla of the suprarend body;The cœliac and other ganglia;The unpaired ganglia in the cervical region.
Duloxetine hepatotoxicity: a case‐series from the drug‐induced liver injury network
Authors: Vuppalanchi R. , Hayashi P. H. , Chalasani N. , Fontana R. J. , Bonkovsky H. , Saxena R. , Kleiner D. , Hoofnagle J. H. ,   the Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN)
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1174–1183SummaryBackground  Case reports suggest that duloxetine hepatotoxicity may arise, but risk factors, presenting features and clinical course are not well‐described.Aim  To describe the presenting features and outcomes of seven well‐characterized patients with suspected duloxetine hepatotoxicity.Methods  Patients enrolled in the Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network Prospective Study underwent an extensive laboratory and clinical evaluation to exclude competing aetiologies of liver injury as well as a standardized assessment for causality and disease severity.Results  Between 1/2006 and 9/2009, six of the seven cases of DILI attributed to duloxetine were assessed as definite or very likely. Median patient age was 49 years, six (86%) were women and the median latency from drug initiation to DILI onset was 50 days. Six patients developed jaundice and the median peak alanine aminotransferase in the five patients with acute hepatocellular injury was 1633 IU/L. Ascites developed in one patient and acute renal dysfunction in two others (29%). All patients recovered without liver transplantation even though three had pre‐existing chronic liver disease. Liver histology in four cases demonstrated varying patterns of liver injury.Conclusions  Duloxetine hepatotoxicity developed within 2 months of drug intake and led to clinically significant liver injury. A spectrum of laboratory, histological and extra‐hepatic features were noted at presentation.
Production of interleukin‐5, ‐10 and interferon‐γ in cord blood is strongly associated with the season of birth
Authors: Keski‐Nisula L. , Lappalainen M. H. J. , Mustonen K. , Hirvonen M.‐R. , Pfefferle P. I. , Renz H. , Pekkanen J. , Roponen M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBackground
The effect of labour and different labour‐related factors on the cord blood (CB) cell cytokine production is still relatively unknown.Objective
To study the relationships between the production of IL‐5, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ in CB samples and maternal, early neonatal and birth‐related factors.Methods
Whole‐blood samples were collected after birth (n=423) and they were stimulated for 24 and 48 h with a combination of phorbol ester and ionomycin. Production of IL‐5, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ was determined using ELISA. Maternal, early neonatal and birth‐related variables were recorded prospectively during pregnancy, and during and after delivery.Results
After multivariable adjustment for confounders, the strongest predictor of IL‐5, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ production in CB cell samples was the season of birth. Children born in the spring had significantly lower cytokine responses compared with those born in the fall. IL‐5 production was inversely associated with female gender of the child and maternal smoking. If corrections for white blood cell (WBC) counts were not performed, IL‐5 production was also significantly associated with the mode of delivery. Respectively, the production of IL‐10 and IFN‐γ was inversely associated with prostaglandin induction before birth.Conclusion
Environmental exposure to pollen and ultraviolet irradiation during gestation may have an effect on the cytokine profile of the offspring in CB because children born in the spring or winter showed the lowest IL‐5, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ responses. The production of IL‐10 and IFN‐γ was also inversely associated with prostaglandin labour induction before birth. Other labour‐related factors were not significantly associated with production of IL‐5, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ after WBC count correction. Cite this as: L. Keski‐Nisula, M. H. J. Lappalainen, K. Mustonen, M.‐R. Hirvonen, P. I. Pfefferle, H. Renz, J. Pekkanen and M. Roponen, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1658–1668.
The effects of an educational program on knowledge of breast cancer, early detection practices and health beliefs of nurses and midwives
Authors: Ceber Esin , Turk Meral , Ciceklioglu Meltem 
Published: September 2010

Aim.  To determine the effectiveness of an educational program concerning knowledge of breast cancer, early detection practices and health beliefs of nurses and midwives.Background.  Educational programs play an important role in breast cancer preventive behaviour.Design.  The study was designed as an experimental post‐test only, control group design. The educational program was applied only to the experimental group. The study group included 157,134 nurses and midwives respectively in the experimental and the control group.Methods.  Participants in the experimental group received an educational program on the breast cancer. One year after the educational program was delivered, data were collected from the two groups using a personal data form and the Turkish version of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale. Descriptive statistics, paired samples t‐test, chi‐square test and Fisher’s exact test were conducted in the course of the data analyses.Results.  The mean total knowledge score was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The application percentage of mammography and clinical breast examination was higher in the experimental group. There were no significant differences between two groups in performing breast self‐examination. The experimental group was significantly more likely to feel confident and motivated, and their total score on the health belief scale was much better than that of the control group.Conclusions.  The results of this study showed that educational intervention had a positive impact on knowledge of breast cancer, on practices related to breast cancer, on early detection and on the health beliefs in the experimental group.Relevance to clinical practice.  The educational programs, including techniques to increase the motivation and skills for early detection of breast cancer, should be made widespread in nursing and midwifery. Health beliefs should be considered in planning educational programs about breast cancer. Interventions should be designed to enhance nurses’ and midwives’ confidence and motivation.
Managing the deteriorating patient in a simulated environment: nursing students’ knowledge, skill and situation awareness
Authors: Cooper Simon , Kinsman Leigh , Buykx Penny , McConnell‐Henry Tracy , Endacott Ruth , Scholes Julie 
Published: September 2010

Aim. To examine, in a simulated environment, the ability of final‐year nursing students to assess, identify and respond to patients either deteriorating or at risk of deterioration.Background. The early identification and management of patient deterioration has a major impact on patient outcomes. ‘Failure to rescue’ is of international concern, with significant concerns over nurses’ ability to detect deterioration, the reasons for which are unknown.Design. Mixed methods incorporating quantitative measures of performance (knowledge, skill and situation awareness) and, to be reported at a later date, a qualitative reflective review of decision processes.Methods. Fifty‐one final‐year, final‐semester student nurses attended a simulation laboratory. Students completed a knowledge questionnaire and two video‐recorded simulated scenarios (mannequin based) to assess skill performance. The scenarios simulated deteriorating patients with hypovolaemic and septic shock. Situation awareness was measured by randomly stopping each scenario and asking a series of questions relating to the situation.Results. The mean knowledge score was 74% (range 46–100%) and the mean skill performance score across both scenarios was 60% (range 30–78%). Skill performance improved significantly (p < 0·01) by the second scenario. However, skill performance declined significantly in both scenarios as the patient’s condition deteriorated (hypovolaemia scenario:p = 0·012, septic scenario:p = 0·000).The mean situation awareness score across both scenarios was 59% (range 38–82%). Participants tended to identify physiological indicators of deterioration (77%) but had low comprehension scores (44%).Conclusion. Knowledge scores suggest, on average, a satisfactory academic preparation, but this study identified significant deficits in students’ ability to manage patient deterioration.Relevance to clinical practice. This study suggests that student nurses, at the point of qualification, may be inadequately prepared to identify and manage deteriorating patients in the clinical setting.