bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RGB Small Molecules Based on a Bipolar Molecular Design for Highly Efficient Solution‐Processed Single‐layer OLEDs
Authors: Yao Liang , Xue Shanfeng , Wang Qi , Dong Wenyue , Yang Wei , Wu Hongbin , Zhang Ming , Yang Bing , Ma Yuguang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a bipolar molecular design for small molecule solution‐processed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Combining the rigidity of the conjugated emissive cores and the flexibility of the peripheral alkyl‐linked carbazole groups, two series of highly efficient bipolar RGB (red, green, blue) emitters have been synthesized and characterized. The emissive cores are composed of electron‐withdrawing groups; the carbazole groups endow the materials electron‐donating units. Such bipolar structures are advantageous for the carrier injection and balance. Four peripheral carbazole groups are introduced in T‐series materials (TCDqC, TCSoC, TCBzC, TCNzC), and another four in O‐series materials (OCDqC, OCSoC, OCBzC, OCNzC). With the single‐layer device configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/emitting layer/CsF/Al, two green devices exhibited excellent performance with a maximum luminescence efficiency of over 6.4 cd A−1, and a high maximum luminance of more than 6700 cd m−2. In addition, compared with the T‐series, the luminescence efficiency of blue and red devices based on O‐series materials increased from 1.6 to 2.8 cd A−1 and 0.2 to 1.3 cd A−1, respectively. To our knowledge, the performance of the blue device based on OCSoC is among the best of the blue small‐molecule solution‐processed single‐layer devices reported so far.
pH‐Tunable Hydrogelators for Water Purification: Structural Optimisation and Evaluation
Authors: Wood Daniel M. , Greenland Barnaby W. , Acton Aaron L. , Rodríguez‐Llansola Francisco , Murray Claire A. , Cardin Christine J. , Miravet Juan F. , Escuder Beatriu , Hamley Ian W. , Hayes Wayne 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA focused library of potential hydrogelators each containing two substituted aromatic residues separated by a urea or thiourea linkage have been synthesised and characterized. Six of these novel compounds are highly efficient hydrogelators, forming gels in aqueous solution at low concentrations (0.03–0.60 wt %). Gels were formed through a pH switching methodology, by acidification of a basic solution (pH 14 to ≈4) either by addition of HCl or via the slow hydrolysis of glucono‐δ‐lactone. Frequently, gelation was accompanied by a dramatic switch in the absorption spectra of the gelators, resulting in a significant change in colour, typically from a vibrant orange to pale yellow. Each of the gels was capable of sequestering significant quantities of the aromatic cationic dye, methylene blue, from aqueous solution (up to 1.02 g of dye per gram of dry gelator). Cryo‐transmission electron microscopy of two of the gels revealed an extensive network of high aspect ratio fibers. The structure of the fibers altered dramatically upon addition of 20 wt % of the dye, resulting in aggregation and significant shortening of the fibrils. This study demonstrates the feasibility for these novel gels finding application as inexpensive and effective water purification platforms.
Rare‐Earth‐Metal–Hydrocarbyl Complexes Bearing Linked Cyclopentadienyl or Fluorenyl Ligands: Synthesis, Catalyzed Styrene Polymerization, and Structure–Reactivity Relationship
Authors: Jian Zhongbao , Cui Dongmei , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of rare‐earth‐metal–hydrocarbyl complexes bearing N‐type functionalized cyclopentadienyl (Cp) and fluorenyl (Flu) ligands were facilely synthesized. Treatment of [Y(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)2] with equimolar amount of the electron‐donating aminophenyl‐Cp ligand C5Me4H‐C6H4‐o‐NMe2 afforded the corresponding binuclear monoalkyl complex [({C5Me4‐C6H4‐o‐NMe(μ‐CH2)}Y{CH2SiMe3})2] (1 a) via alkyl abstraction and CH activation of the NMe2 group. The lutetium bis(allyl) complex [(C5Me4‐C6H4‐o‐NMe2)Lu(η3‐C3H5)2] (2 b), which contained an electron‐donating aminophenyl‐Cp ligand, was isolated from the sequential metathesis reactions of LuCl3 with (C5Me4‐C6H4‐o‐NMe2)Li (1 equiv) and C3H5MgCl (2 equiv). Following a similar procedure, the yttrium‐ and scandium–bis(allyl) complexes, [(C5Me4‐C5H4N)Ln(η3‐C3H5)2] (Ln=Y (3 a), Sc (3 b)), which also contained electron‐withdrawing pyridyl‐Cp ligands, were also obtained selectively. Deprotonation of the bulky pyridyl‐Flu ligand (C13H9‐C5H4N) by [Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)2] generated the rare‐earth‐metal–dialkyl complexes, [(η3‐C13H8‐C5H4N)Ln(CH2SiMe3)2(thf)] (Ln=Y (4 a), Sc (4 b), Lu (4 c)), in which an unusual asymmetric η3‐allyl bonding mode of Flu moiety was observed. Switching to the bidentate yttrium–trisalkyl complex [Y(CH2C6H4‐o‐NMe2)3], the same reaction conditions afforded the corresponding yttrium bis(aminobenzyl) complex [(η3‐C13H8‐C5H4N)Y(CH2C6H4‐o‐NMe2)2] (5). Complexes 1–5 were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and X‐ray spectroscopy, and by elemental analysis. In the presence of both [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and AliBu3, the electron‐donating aminophenyl‐Cp‐based complexes 1 and 2 did not show any activity towards styrene polymerization. In striking contrast, upon activation with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] only, the electron‐withdrawing pyridyl‐Cp‐based complexes 3, in particular scandium complex 3 b, exhibited outstanding activitiy to give perfectly syndiotactic (rrrr >99 %) polystyrene, whereas their bulky pyridyl‐Flu analogues (4 and 5) in combination with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and AliBu3 displayed much‐lower activity to afford syndiotactic‐enriched polystyrene.
Long‐term outcome of the treatment of high‐risk tenosynovial giant cell tumor/pigmented villonodular synovitis with radiotherapy and surgery
Authors: Griffin Anthony M. , Ferguson Peter C. , Catton Charles N. , Chung Peter W. M. , White Lawrence M. , Wunder Jay S. , Bell Robert S. , O'Sullivan Brian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The treatment of diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) requires extensive surgical resection of the hypertrophic synovium and multiple soft tissue masses yet still may result in high rates of local failure. The authors of this report examined their experience in treating patients with advanced/multiply recurrent TGCT with a combination of surgery and external‐beam radiotherapy.METHODS:Fifty patients who were treated for TGCT with radiotherapy and surgery from 1972 to 2006 were identified. Patient demographics, radiotherapy treatment parameters, surgical treatment, and oncologic and functional outcomes were evaluated. All patients had pathologic review at presentation and required at least 1 year follow‐up.RESULTS:Forty‐nine patients had diffuse TGCT with both intra‐articular and extra‐articular disease (1 had malignant TGCT). Twenty‐eight patients (56%) were referred after at least 1 local recurrence. Thirty patients (60%) underwent at least 2 operations before radiotherapy. The mean dose of radiation delivered was 39.8 gray. At a mean follow‐up of 94 months (range, 19‐330 months), 47 patients (94%) had not developed a recurrence or had stable disease/signal characteristics on serial cross‐sectional imaging (for those patients who had gross residual disease at the time of radiotherapy). Two patients required subsequent total hip arthroplasty because of progressive osteoarthritis, and there were 4 cases of avascular necrosis (only 1 post‐treatment). Forty‐one patients had good/excellent function.CONCLUSIONS:For patients with extensive or multiple local relapses or when surgery alone would result in a large burden of residual disease or major functional loss, the addition of moderate‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy provided excellent local control while maintaining good function with low treatment‐related morbidity. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Oncogene status predicts patterns of metastatic spread in treatment‐naive nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Doebele Robert C. , Lu Xian , Sumey Christopher , Maxson DeLee A. , Weickhardt Andrew J. , Oton Ana B. , Bunn Paul A. , Barón Anna E. , Franklin Wilbur A. , Aisner Dara L. , Varella‐Garcia Marileila , Camidge D. Ross 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The discovery of distinct subsets of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized by activation of driver oncogenes has greatly affected personalized therapy. It is hypothesized that the dominant oncogene in NSCLC would be associated with distinct patterns of metastatic spread in NSCLC at the time of diagnosis.METHODS:A total of 209 consecutive patients with stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC with an EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutation (N = 39), KRAS (v‐Ki‐ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) mutation (N = 49), ALK (anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase) gene rearrangement (N = 41), or wild‐type for all 3 (triple negative, N = 80) were included. The percentage of patients with metastatic disease at a given site was compared between each molecular cohort (EGFR, KRAS, or ALK) and the triple negative cohort.RESULTS:ALK gene rearrangement was significantly associated with pericardial disease (odds ratio [OR] = 4.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30, 16.37; P = .02) and pleural disease (OR = 4.80; 95% CI = 2.10, 10.97; P < .001). Patients with ALK gene rearrangements (OR = 5.50; 95% CI = 1.76, 17.18; P = .003) and patients with EGFR mutations (OR = 5.17; 95% CI = 1.63, 16.43; P = .006) were predisposed to liver metastasis compared to the triple negative cohort. No molecular cohort had a predisposition to pulmonary nodules, or adrenal, bone, or brain metastasis compared to the triple negative cohort. The mean number of metastatic disease sites in patients within the ALK rearranged cohort was significantly greater than that of the triple negative cohort (mean = 3.6 sites vs 2.5 sites, P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:The results support the hypothesis that the dominant molecular oncogenes in NSCLC are associated with different biological behaviors manifesting as distinct patterns of metastatic spread at the time of diagnosis. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Correlations between the percentage of tumor cells showing an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement, ALK signal copy number, and response to crizotinib therapy in ALK fluorescence in situ hybridization–positive nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Camidge D. Ross , Theodoro Mariana , Maxson DeLee A. , Skokan Margaret , O'Brien Tara , Lu Xian , Doebele Robert C. , Barón Anna E. , Varella‐Garcia Marileila 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using break‐apart red (3′) and green (5′) ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) probes, consistently shows rearrangements in <100% of tumor cells in ALK‐positive (ALK+) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Increased copy numbers of fused and rearranged signals also occur. Here, correlations are explored between the percentage of ALK+ cells and signal copy number and their association with response to ALK inhibition.METHODS:Ninety ALK+ NSCLC cases were evaluated. The percentage of positive cells, pattern of positivity (split, single red, or both), and copy number of fused, isolated red and green signals were recorded. Thirty patients had received crizotinib.RESULTS:Increased isolated red signal copy number (contributing to both single red and split patterns of positivity) correlated with a higher percentage of ALK+ cells (r = 0.743, P < .0001). Mean fused copy number was negatively associated with isolated red signal copy number (r = −0.409, P < .0001). Neither percentage of positive cells (r = 0.192, P = .3), nor copy number of isolated red signal (r = 0.274, P = .195) correlated with maximal tumor shrinkage with crizotinib.CONCLUSIONS:The strong association between increased copy number of key ALK signals and percentage of positive cells suggests that the <100% rate of cellular positivity in ALK+ tumors is due to technical factors, not biological factors. In ALK+ tumors, neither the percentage of positive cells nor signal copy number appear to be informative variables for predicting benefit from ALK inhibition. The inverse relationship between fused and isolated red copy number suggests ALK+ may be a distinct “near‐diploid” subtype of NSCLC that develops before significant chromosomal aneusomy occurs. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic implication of metastasis limited to segmental (level 13) and/or subsegmental (level 14) lymph nodes in patients with surgically resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma and pathologic N1 lymph node status
Authors: Maeshima Akiko Miyagi , Tsuta Koji , Asamura Hisao , Tsuda Hitoshi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:In patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) who have with pathologic N1 (pN1) lymph node status, the prognostic significance of segmental lymph node (level 13) metastasis and/or subsegmental lymph node (level 14) metastasis is unknown.METHODS:Lymph node metastasis patterns were analyzed in 230 patients with NSCLC who had pN1 status. Clinical outcomes were examined for 230 patients with pN1 status and 700 patients with pN0 status. The pN1 group was stratified into 4 subgroups according to the highest level of lymph node involvement.RESULTS:The 5‐year disease‐free survival (5DFS) rates for pN1 and pN0 patients were 50.1% and 90.5%, respectively. The highest level of lymph node involvement was a significant prognostic indicator; the 5DFS rates for patients with pN1 status who had level 13/14, lobar (level 12), interlobar (level 11), and hilar (level 10) lymph node metastasis were 69.4%, 46.4%, 46.7%, and 37%, respectively. Patient outcomes were significantly worse for those with pN1 status who had only level 13/14 lymph node metastasis than for patients with pN0 status (P = .0034), and outcomes were significantly worse for patients with pN1 status who had level 11/12 lymph node metastasis than for patients who had only level 13/14 lymph node metastasis (P = .021). The median number of level 13/14 lymph nodes examined was 3 (range, 0‐22 level 13/14 lymph nodes), and metastases to these lymph nodes were detected in 61% of patients who had pN1 status. A single lymph node pN1 disease, single‐level pN1 status, and squamous cell carcinoma histopathology also were indicators of a better patient outcome.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that the highest level of lymph node involvement may be used to stratify the outcome of patients who have NSCLC with pN1 status. Patients with pN1 status who had only level 13/14 lymph node metastasis had an intermediate 5DFS rate between that of patients with pN0 status and other patients with pN1 status. Routine examination of level 13/14 lymph nodes is important for accurate pathologic staging and for the predicting clinical outcome of patients with NSCLC. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Identification of candidate genes carrying polymorphisms associated with the risk of colorectal cancer by analyzing the colorectal mutome and microRNAome
Authors: Landi Debora , Gemignani Federica , Pardini Barbara , Naccarati Alessio , Garritano Sonia , Vodicka Pavel , Vodickova Ludmila , Canzian Federico , Novotny Jan , Barale Roberto , Landi Stefano 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The presence of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 3′‐untranslated regions of genes could affect the binding between a microRNA (miRNA) and its target, with consequences on gene expression regulation. Considering the important role of miRNAs in carcinogenesis, it is hypothesized here that these SNPs could also affect the individual risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS:To test this hypothesis, a list was developed of 140 somatically mutated genes deduced from previous works on the mutome of the CRC. A further selection was conducted of SNPs within target sites for miRNAs that are expressed only in the colorectum (the colorectal microRNAome) and having adequate population frequencies. This yielded 12 SNPs that were genotyped in a case‐control association study on 717 colorectal cases and 1171 controls from the Czech Republic.RESULTS:Statistically significant associations were found between the risk of CRC and the variant alleles of KIAA0182 (rs709805) (odds ratio = 1.57; 95% confidence interval = 1.06‐2.78, for the variant homozygotes) and NUP210 genes (rs354476) (odds ratio = 1.36; 95% confidence interval = 1.02‐1.82, for the variant homozygotes).CONCLUSIONS:The results support the study hypothesis and highlight the importance of SNPs within miRNA‐dependent regulatory regions. Further studies on the role exerted by NUP210 and KIAA0182 in colorectal carcinogenesis are warranted. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Measuring the overhead of Intel C++ Concurrent Collections over Threading Building Blocks for Gauss–Jordan elimination
Authors: Tang Peiyi 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThe most efficient way to parallelize computation is to build and evaluate the task graph constrained only by the data dependencies between the tasks. Both Intel's C++ Concurrent Collections (CnC) and Threading Building Blocks (TBB) libraries allow such task‐based parallel programming. CnC also adapts the macro data flow model by providing only single‐assignment data objects in its global data space. Although CnC makes parallel programming easier, by specifying data flow dependencies only through single‐assignment data objects, its macro data flow model incurs overhead. Intel's C++ CnC library is implemented on top of its C++ TBB library. We can measure the overhead of CnC by comparing its performance with that of TBB. In this paper, we analyze all three types of data dependencies in the tiled in‐place Gauss–Jordan elimination algorithm for the first time. We implement the task‐based parallel tiled Gauss–Jordan algorithm in TBB using the data dependencies analyzed and compare its performance with that of the CnC implementation. We find that the overhead of CnC over TBB is only 12%– 15% of the TBB time, and CnC can deliver as much as 87%– 89% of the TBB performance for Gauss–Jordan elimination, using the optimal tile size. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible and energy‐efficient duty cycling in wireless networks with MacZ
Authors: Christmann Dennis , Gotzhein Reinhard , Krämer Marc , Winkler Martin 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYIn wireless networks formed of battery‐powered nodes, energy consumption is a major concern. On the communication side, energy can be saved by switching transceivers to idle or power‐down mode when not needed. To this end, duty cycling protocols located at medium access control level have been devised. These protocols have in common that they define modified carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance schemes and that they assume the availability of some time synchronization mechanism. This strongly limits their potential to reduce energy consumption, as well as their flexibility regarding activity phases. In this paper, we propose a more flexible and energy‐efficient solution for duty cycling, which is based on our experimental wireless medium access control protocol MacZ. Flexibility is strengthened by the possibility to define weakly periodic activity periods. Energy efficiency is improved by the possibility to assign exclusive transmission slots, thereby switching transceivers to active mode only when needed. Both measures are supported by an underlying protocol for accurate, deterministic tick and time synchronization. We assess our solution and compare it to well‐known duty cycling protocols on the basis of real‐life scenarios. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Second Coordination Shell on the XANES Spectra of the Zn2+ Ion in Water and Methanol
Authors: Migliorati Valentina , Zitolo Andrea , Chillemi Giovanni , D'Angelo Paola 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA quantitative analysis of the X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectra of the Zn2+ ion in methanol and aqueous solution has been carried out starting from the microscopic description of the systems derived from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The different sensitivity of XANES towards the second‐shell solvent molecules in the two solvents has been highlighted: in methanol solution, the Zn2+ second solvation shell was found to provide a negligible contribution to the XANES spectrum, and it has been possible to reproduce the experimental data using a single coordination sphere in the calculation. Conversely, a reliable reproduction of the experimental spectrum of Zn2+ in aqueous solution could be obtained only by including the second‐shell water molecules in the calculation. The combination of MD and XANES was found to be essential to evaluate the contribution of the ion second solvation shell to the XANES spectra of a metal ion in organic solvents.
Crystal‐Phase‐ and Morphology‐Controlled Synthesis of Fe2O3 Nanomaterials
Authors: Mou Xiaoling , Li Yong , Zhang Bingsen , Yao Lide , Wei Xuejiao , Su Dang Sheng , Shen Wenjie 
Published: January 2012

Abstractα‐ and γ‐Fe2O3 nanorods have been prepared from a β‐FeOOH precursor that was obtained by aqueous‐phase precipitation of ferric chloride. The oxyhydroxide precursor had a rodlike shape with a diameter of 30–40 nm and a length of 400–500 nm. Calcination at 500 °C of the rod‐shaped oxyhydroxide in air yielded α‐Fe2O3 nanorods, whereas heating to reflux in polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 200 °C resulted in the formation of γ‐Fe2O3 nanorods. Both oxides inherited the rodlike morphology of the precursor but exposed different crystalline facets. When being used to catalyze NO reduction by CO, an environmentally important reaction in NO abatement, the γ‐Fe2O3 nanorods were much more active than the α‐Fe2O3 nanorods and showed an apparent crystal‐phase effect. This was because the γ‐Fe2O3 nanorods simultaneously exposed iron and oxygen ions on their surfaces, which facilitated the adsorption and activation of NO and CO molecules.
Sulfur–Nitrogen and Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Formation by Intermolecular Imination and Amidation without Catalyst
Authors: Ma Wen Bo , Li Sheng Nan , Zhou Zhong Hua , Shen Heng Shui , Li Xue , Sun Qiu , He Ling , Xue Ying 
Published: January 2012

AbstractImination and amidation of sulfides, sulfoxides, and olefins using 4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐4‐amine as a nitrogen source with PhI(OAc)2 as an oxidant were achieved in moderate to high yields without the addition of a catalyst. The carbon–nitrogen and sulfur–nitrogen bond forming reactivity is consistent with a nitrene insertion mechanism in which the reactivity generally increases with decreasing N–H bond dissociation energy of the nitrogen source and increasing oxidation potential of the oxidant.
Controlling the Macroscopic Chirality of Organic Materials Based on 1,3,5‐Trialkynylbenzenes
Authors: Hennrich Gunther , Nieto‐Ortega Belén , Gómez‐Lor Berta , Gutierrez Entique , de Vega Laura , Cavero Emma , Ramírez Francisco J. , López Navarrete Juan T. , Casado Juan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBy changing the position of the homochiral alkoxy substituents of C3‐symmetric 1,3,5‐trialkynylbenzenes from the center to the periphery, the macroscopic chirality of the resulting aggregates (crystals or fibers), studied by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, was inverted, as confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.