bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer characteristics and survival in males of African Ancestry according to place of birth: Data from Brooklyn—New York, Guyana, Tobago and Trinidad
Authors: Mutetwa Batsirai , Taioli Emanuela , Attong‐Rogers Alison , Layne Penelope , Roach Veronica , Ragin Camille 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer mortality rates for African‐Americans are much higher than Caucasians and a similar trend is observed for prostate cancer survival. Data on recently immigrated African‐descent men are lacking.METHODSUsing cancer registry data from Brooklyn, NY and two countries in the Caribbean (Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago), survival rates were estimated. We also examined whether Black race or Caribbean birthplace predict prostate cancer survival among males living in the United States (US).RESULTSThe Caribbean cases were diagnosed at a later age than those in the US (Guyana: 74.5 years, Trinidad and Tobago: 72.4 years, Brooklyn: 65.8 years). Patients in the Caribbean had a worse 5‐year survival rate compared to those in the US (41.6% vs. 84.4%) but for immigrant Caribbean‐born males living in the US the 5‐year survival rate was not significantly different from African‐Americans (78.1%, 95% CI: 70.9–83.7% vs. 81.4%, 95% CI: 69.5–89.1%, P = 0.792). The risk of death for Caribbean‐born was more than three times higher than US‐born men (HR: 3.43, 95% CI: 2.17–5.44, adjusted for ethnicity, stage, and mean age of diagnosis). A mean age of diagnosis >65 years old and stage IV disease, but not ethnicity, were found to be independently associated with the risk of death.CONCLUSIONThe survival disadvantage for Caribbean‐born patients may be partly due to later diagnosis. Interventions focused on screening, education about the disease and early detection could potentially reduce cancer mortality in this population. Prostate 70: 1102–1109, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relaxin drives Wnt signaling through upregulation of PCDHY in prostate cancer
Authors: Thompson Vanessa C. , Hurtado‐Coll Antonio , Turbin Dmitry , Fazli Ladan , Lehman Melanie L. , Gleave Martin E. , Nelson Colleen C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDRelaxin, a potent peptide hormone of the insulin‐like family normally produced and secreted by the human prostate, is upregulated in castrate resistant prostate cancer progression. In various tissues, relaxin increases angiogenesis and cell motility through upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteases, and nitric oxide, and therefore maybe an attractive target for cancer therapeutics.METHODSTo examine the role of relaxin in prostate cancer progression, LNCaP cells stably transfected with relaxin (LNCaPRLN) were used to form xenograft tumors, and microarray expression analysis was subsequently performed to determine novel pathways regulated by relaxin. Prostate cancer tissue microarrays from patient samples were stained by immunohistochemistry for further validation and correlation of the findings.RESULTSExpression analysis identified novel relaxin regulated pathways, including the ProtocadherinY (PCDHY)/Wnt pathway. PCDHY, which upregulates Wnt11, has previously been shown to stabilize β‐catenin, causing β‐catenin to translocate from the cytoplasmic membrane to the nucleus and initiate TCF‐mediated signaling. LNCaPRLN xenografts exhibit increased PCDHY expression and increased cytoplasmic localization of β‐catenin, suggesting relaxin directs Wnt11 overexpression through PCDHY upregulation. Similarly, prostate cancer samples from patients who have undergone androgen ablation have increased Wnt11 expression, which is further upregulated in castrate resistant tissues. Like relaxin, Wnt11, and PCDHY are negatively regulated by androgens, and further analysis indicated that the overexpression of relaxin results in dysregulation of androgen‐regulated genes.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that prostate cancer cell motility and altered androgen receptor activity attributed to relaxin may be mediated in part by Wnt11. Prostate 70: 1134–1145, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute inflammation promotes early cellular stimulation of the epithelial and stromal compartments of the rat prostate
Authors: Quintar Amado A. , Doll Andreas , Leimgruber Carolina , Palmeri Claudia M. , Roth Felix D. , Maccioni Mariana , Maldonado Cristina A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been proposed that prostatic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer. However, little information is available about the prostatic reaction to bacterial compounds in vivo. Our aim was therefore to evaluate the early effects of bacterial infection on rat ventral prostate compartments.METHODSUsing a rat model of acute bacterial prostatitis by Escherichia coli, we analyzed the histological and ultrastructural changes in the prostate at 24, 48, and 72 hr postinfection. Prostatic tissues were immunostained for prostatic binding protein (PBP), ACTA2, ErbB1, and ErbB2 receptors, TUNEL, and markers of cell proliferation. Dot and Western blots for PBP, ACTA2, ErbB1, ErbB2, and TGFβ1 were also performed.RESULTSThe prostatic epithelium became hypertrophied, with increases in PBP and ErbB1 expression at 24 hr postinfection. Moreover, inflammation induced the expression of ErbB2, a receptor strongly involved in carcinogenesis. These alterations were more pronounced at 48 hr, but the epithelium also showed apoptosis and finally atrophy at 72 hr postinfection, with a decrease in PBP and ErbB receptors. Interestingly, the epithelial cells exhibited a high level of proliferation in response to the bacteria. The stromal reaction to acute inflammation was initially characterized by smooth muscle hypertrophy. Afterwards, muscle cells acquired a secretory phenotype, with a reduction in ACTA2 at 72 hr postinfection.CONCLUSIONSProstatic inflammation, even at the early stages, promotes atrophic and proliferative changes, and the upregulation of ErbB receptors together with dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells. These data suggest that repetitive reinfections could lead to uncontrolled growth in the prostate gland. Prostate 70: 1153–1165, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between integrin expression and prognosis in localized prostate cancer
Authors: Pontes‐Júnior José , Reis Sabrina Thalita , de Oliveira Luis Carlos Neves , Sant'Anna Alexandre C. , Dall'Oglio Marcos Francisco , Antunes Alberto Azoubel , Ribeiro‐Filho Leopoldo Alves , Carvalho Paulo Afonso , Cury Jose , Srougi Miguel , Leite Kátia Ramos Moreira 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntegrins and other adhesion molecules are essential for maintaining the epithelial phenotype. Some studies have reported correlations between abnormalities in their expression and carcinogenesis, but their role in prostate cancer is unclear. Our aim was to study the expression profile of integrins in surgical specimens of prostate cancer and associate their expression patterns with patient outcomes.METHODSWe selected 111 patients with localized prostate cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy. Of these patients, 60 had no tumor recurrence after a median follow‐up of 123 months. Integrin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray containing two tumor samples per patient. A semiquantitative analysis was employed. We measured the association between the expression of eight integrins and tumor recurrence.RESULTSMultivariate analysis showed that expression of α3 and α3β1 was related to worse outcome. When α3 expression was strong and α3β1 expression was positive, the odds of recurrence were 3.0‐ and 2.5‐fold higher, respectively. Only 19% and 28% of patients were recurrence‐free in a mean period of 123 months of follow up when their tumors showed strong α3 or positive α3β1 immuno‐expression, respectively.CONCLUSIONSWe have shown that the expression of integrin α3β1 was independently associated with tumor recurrence after radical prostatectomy, suggesting that this integrin is a potential prognostic marker. Prostate 70: 1189–1195, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic structure of a realistic model of amorphous graphene
Authors: Kapko V. , Drabold D. A. , Thorpe M. F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this note, we calculate the electronic properties of a realistic atomistic model of amorphous graphene. The model contains odd‐membered rings, particularly five and seven membered rings and no coordination defects. We show that odd‐membered rings increase the electronic density of states at the Fermi level relative to crystalline graphene; a honeycomb lattice with semi‐metallic character. Some graphene samples contain amorphous regions, which even at small concentrations, may strongly affect many of the exotic properties of crystalline graphene, which arise because of the linear dispersion and semi‐metallic character of perfectly crystalline graphene. Estimates are given for the density of states at the Fermi level using a tight‐binding model for the π states.
Determination of the etching mechanism in MgS and ZnMgSSe epitaxial lift‐off layers
Authors: Curran Arran , Brown Spyros , Warburton Richard J. , Prior Kevin A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDuring epitaxial lift‐off of II‐VI semiconductors a sacrificial layer of MgS is dissolved by acid. Here we show that the etching speed of this process varies inversely as the square root of the layer thickness, following a model developed previously for III‐V lift‐off where the rate limiting step in both cases is transport of insoluble product gases from the etching layer. We also propose a model to explain why sacrificial layer etching fails when strong cohesive forces resist the lifting of the epilayer. This occurs when the sacrificial layer is too thin or when it contains more than a critical amount of an insoluble component, cohesion arising from dispersion forces or chains of insoluble atoms, respectively.
Terahertz photoconductivity of a two‐dimensional electron gas in HgCdTe/HgTe quantum wells
Authors: Vasilyev Yu. B. , Gouider F. , Bugár M. , Nachtwei G. , Könemann J. , Brüne C. , Buhmann H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe terahertz (THz) photoconductivity is investigated in HgTe/HgCdTe‐quantum wells (QWs) in Corbino geometry at various wavelengths of excited radiation. The radiation source is a p‐Ge cyclotron laser (pulse width about 1 µs, repetition rate 1 Hz) which is tunable in the wavelength range 120 µm < λ < 180 µm by an external magnetic field. It is shown that the photoconductivity is caused by the heating of two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG). A rough estimation yields relaxation time around 0.46 µs. Because of the low effective mass, this material system is especially interesting for detector applications.
Optically detected magnetic resonance in CdMnSe/ZnSe submonolayer quantum wells
Authors: Tolmachev D. O. , Babunts R. A. , Romanov N. G. , Baranov P. G. , Namozov B. R. , Kusrayev Yu. G. , Lee S. , Dobrowolska M. , Furdyna J. K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFine structure of isolated Mn2+ ions in CdMnSe/ZnSe quantum wells (QWs) is revealed by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) recorded by monitoring both exciton emission and intra‐Mn luminescence in the presence of simultaneous microwave irradiation. A large decrease of photoluminescence (PL) intensity of excitons and an increase of PL intensity of Mn2+ ions is observed when an applied magnetic field satisfies the Mn2+ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) condition. This suggests that a spin‐dependent energy transfer from excitons to intra‐Mn excitations occurs at the EPR condition.
Annealing effects and generation of secondary phases in ZnO after high‐dose transition metal implantation
Authors: Geurts J. , Schumm M. , Koerdel M. , Ziereis C. , Müller S. , Ronning C. , Dynowska E. , Gołacki Z. , Szuszkiewicz W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractZnO crystals implanted with up to 16 at% Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, respectively, were studied with microRaman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. After stepwise thermal treatment of the samples in air up to 900 °C, we analyzed the influence of annealing on the formation of secondary phases and the evolution of their microstructure. After a considerable recovery of the radiation damaged ZnO lattice by treatment at 500 °C, the 700 °C step induces for transition metal (TM) concentrations ≥8 at% a strongly TM dependent formation of various stoichiometric and non‐stoichiometric TM oxide precipitates as well as elemental TM clusters. The annealing at 900 °C generally further modifies the amount as well as the chemical composition of the secondary phases.
Teaching and learning science as argument
Authors: Kuhn Deanna 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe concept of science as argument, and the view that engaging in scientific argumentation should play a key role in science education, has become widely endorsed. The case is made here that this objective will be enhanced by broad understanding of the nature of argument skills and their directions and patterns of development. A line of research directed to this goal is described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:810–824, 2010
The effects of mindfulness‐based group intervention on the mental health of middle‐aged Korean women in community
Authors: Lee Woo Kyeong , Bang Hee Jeong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted to develop a mindfulness and self‐compassion enhancement intervention for middle‐aged women who complained of emotional distress and to ascertain whether participation in the mindfulness‐based programme was associated with an increase in psychological well‐being and the improvement of psychological symptoms. The results showed that time by group interactions were significant in improving psychological well‐being, depression, anxiety, hostility, somatization, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). These results suggest that participants in the mindfulness and self‐compassion group programme appeared to have enhanced psychological well‐being and improved psychological distress. The study findings also suggest that mindfulness and self‐compassion enhancement programme may be an intervention with potential for helping many individuals to learn to deal with emotional distress. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐Dimensional Fabrication at Small Size Scales
Authors: Leong Timothy G. , Zarafshar Aasiyeh M. , Gracias David H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDespite the fact that we live in a 3D world and macroscale engineering is 3D, conventional submillimeter‐scale engineering is inherently 2D. New fabrication and patterning strategies are needed to enable truly 3D‐engineered structures at small size scales. Here, strategies that have been developed over the past two decades that seek to enable such millimeter to nanoscale 3D fabrication and patterning are reviewed. A focus is the strategy of self‐assembly, specifically in a biologically inspired, more deterministic form, known as self‐folding. Self‐folding methods can leverage the strengths of lithography to enable the construction of precisely patterned 3D structures and “smart” components. This self‐assembly approach is compared with other 3D fabrication paradigms, and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed.magnified imageFrontispiece images reprinted with permission from References25,55,138,80, copyrights 2009, Nature Publishing Group, 2006 and 2007, IOP Publishing, 2001, Conference of Photopolymer Science and Technology, and with permission from Adam Cohen, Microfabrica Inc.
Chemical synthesis of homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins
Authors: Kajihara Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Naoki , Okamoto Ryo , Hirano Kiriko , Murase Takefumi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOligosaccharides linked to proteins are known to play important roles in several biological events. However, oligosaccharides are heterogeneous, which has hindered detailed elucidation of oligosaccharide functions. In order to solve this problem, glycoproteins having homogeneous oligosaccharides have long been required. For this purpose, an efficient preparative method of complex‐type oligosaccharides has been investigated from a natural source and this method was found to afford over 24 kinds of diverse complex‐type oligosaccharides by use of chemical methods and branch‐specific sequential glycosidase digestion. The sufficient amount of homogeneous complex type oligosaccharides obtained enabled us to examine the synthesis of homogeneous glycopeptides as well as glycoproteins by use of solid phase glycopeptide synthetic method and native chemical ligation. This review describes recent progress related to the efficient method of oligosaccharide preparation and synthesis of glycoproteins including bioactive erythropoietin. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 10: 80–100; 2010: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.200900024
Odor representations in the mammalian olfactory bulb
Authors: Khan Adil Ghani , Parthasarathy K. , Bhalla Upinder Singh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA first key step in studying a sensory modality is to define how the brain represents the features of the sensory stimulus. This has proven to be a challenge in olfaction, where even the stimulus features have been a matter of considerable debate. In this review, we focus on olfactory representations in the first stage of the olfactory pathway, the olfactory bulb (OB). We examine the diverging viewpoints on spatially organized versus distributed representations. We then consider how odor sampling through respiration is a key part of the odorant code. Finally, we ask how the bulb handles the challenging task of representing mixtures. We suggest that current evidence points toward a representation that is spatially organized at the inputs but later distributed, with the spatial organization not being used for much computation. Nevertheless, this is a simple representation that effectively represents multiple individual odorants, as well as odor mixtures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Noninvasive analysis of fecal reproductive hormone metabolites in female veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) by enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Kummrow Maya S. , Gilman Christine , Mackie Paula , Smith Dale A. , Mastromonaco Gabriela F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe noninvasive technique of gonadal steroid metabolite measurement in feces for evaluation of reproductive activity has proven an effective and important tool for population management in various captive species, but has not yet been validated and used in reptile species. In this study, enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) were validated for the analysis of fecal samples from female veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) for estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P) and their metabolites. High performance liquid chromatography and physiological methods (GnRH stimulation) were used for the validation of the assays. Biological events, such as skin color changes indicative of ovarian activity and oviposition, correlated with the cyclical pattern of E2, T and P metabolites in feces over a period of two reproductive cycles. This is the first study to report frequent longitudinal measurements of fecal hormone levels by EIA in a reptile species. Zoo Biol 30:95–115, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of an alternative to feeding whole frozen fish in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas)
Authors: Mazzaro Lisa M. , Richmond Julie P. , Morgan Jessica N. , Kluever Michaela E. , Dunn J. Lawrence , Romano Tracy A. , Zinn Steven A. , Koutsos Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFeeding fish to captive piscivores can be challenging owing to cost, availability, variability in nutrient, and caloric composition, as well as handling and storage concerns. This trial evaluated the response of three belugas to being fed Fish Analog, an alternative to frozen fish. Body condition, gut transit time, serum chemistry and metabolic hormone analytes, immune function, and behavioral motivation were the dependent variables. Belugas (n=3) were fed various levels of Fish Analog (0–50%) over a 6‐month period, and follow‐up studies were conducted to further examine several dependent variables. When provided in gradually increasing amounts, belugas consumed the Fish Analog, with only minor fecal consistency changes and without behavioral responses indicative of gastric discomfort. Axillary girth and blubber thickness were positively correlated, and did not differ significantly with changes in the percentage of Fish Analog fed. Individual animal variation in initial passage time, some serum chemistry analytes, and immune function differences were noted following feeding of Fish Analog. Feeding Fish Analog reduced blood n9 fatty acids compared with captive belugas fed no Fish Analog. Feeding a DHA‐enriched Fish Analog increased several n3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid, but not DHA, compared with whales fed no Fish Analog or non‐DHA‐enriched Fish Analog. Fish Analog was shown to be a viable alternative to feeding fish at up to 50% of the dietary caloric density. Zoo Biol 30:32–51, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconsidering evidence-based policy: Key issues and challenges
Authors: Head Brian W 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe evidence-based policy (EBP) movement has sought to promote rigorous analysis of service programs and policy options in order to improve the quality of decision-making. Rigorous research findings are seen as useful and necessary inputs for policy-makers in their ongoing consideration of policy development and program review. This article provides a critical overview of the research literature on evidence-based policy in the context of government policy-making and program improvement. Particular attention is given to the rational expectation that improved policy analysis will flow from a better evidence base, with consequent improvements in the service delivery and problem-solving capacities of government agencies. This expectation is contrasted with the practical limitations on rational processes typical in the real world of political decision-making, which is characterised by bargaining, entrenched commitments, and the interplay of diverse stakeholder values and interests. Key issues for consideration include the forms of evidence that are of greatest relevance or utility for decision-makers, and the most productive forms of interaction between the producers and the users of research and evaluation findings.
Characterization of a 14 kDa oocyst wall protein ofEimeria tenellaandE. acervulina
Authors: Eschenbacher K.-H. , Eggli P. , Wallach M. , Braun R. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryWe have extracted a protein of 14 kDa from purified oocyst walls of severalEimeriaspecies. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rats against the 14 kDa proteins ofE. acervulinaandE. tenella. On immunoblots these antisera reacted in a highly specific manner with the homologous 14 kDa antigens, but not with heterologous antigens. In addition, specific binding of the two antisera to oocyst wall fragments ofE. acervulinaandE. tenellawas demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Partial amino-terminal sequences comprising 20 amino acid residues were obtained from the 14 kDa oocyst wall proteins ofE. acervulinaandE. tenella. They are characterized by an abundance of amino acids containing hydroxyl groups in their side chains (serine, tyrosine, threonine). Binding of the oocyst wall protein ofE. tenellaby peanut agglutinin indicates the presence of O-linked carbohydrates.