bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaesthesia for microlaryngeal and laser laryngeal surgery: impact of subglottic jet ventilation
Authors: Barakate M , Maver E , Wotherspoon G , Havas T 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:Over the past 20 years, jet ventilation techniques have been developed to enable safe and controlled microlaryngoscopy and the accurate treatment of laryngeal pathology. This study examined how advances in jet ventilation tube design have facilitated safe endolaryngeal surgery.Study design:The study documented the development and use of the Jockjet subglottic jet ventilation tube system at the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney. The new system consisted of two components: a Teflon tube with an outer diameter of 4 mm at the larynx, and a companion ventilator. The facility for end-tidal carbon dioxide and distal airways pressure monitoring was incorporated via dedicated channels. The Venturi jet was produced via a covered tip to prevent trauma to the tracheal mucosa.Setting:The Prince of Wales and Sydney Children's Hospitals, incorporated with The University of New South Wales.Patients:From June 2002 to March 2008 inclusive, 1000 consecutive patients underwent microlaryngeal surgery at this institution. Subglottic jet ventilation, via the Jockjet tube, was employed for 332 patients.Main outcome measures:Anaesthetic safety and intra-operative surgical access.Results:In all the 332 patients observed, surgical access was optimised and no adverse anaesthetic outcomes were encountered.Conclusion:Subglottic jet ventilation facilitates safe airway management during microlaryngeal and laser laryngeal surgery.
A rare cause of Horner syndrome
Authors: Costello D , Salmon J , Milford C , Pretorius P 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives:To demonstrate the importance of thorough investigation of patients with Horner syndrome, and to explain the relevant anatomy.Case report:A 46-year-old man presented with right-sided Horner syndrome. No other abnormality was found. Magnetic resonance imaging showed calcification of the stylohyoid ligament, with a pseudoarthrosis in the mid-portion of the ligament. This pseudoarthrosis was displacing and compressing the internal carotid artery and the adjacent sympathetic chain, causing Horner syndrome.Conclusion:In this case, magnetic resonance imaging was invaluable in elucidating the cause of the Horner syndrome. This is the first described case of pseudoarthrosis of a calcified stylohyoid ligament causing Horner syndrome.
“Bhasa's Works”—Are They Genuine?
Authors: Pisharoti A. Krishna , Pisharoti K. Rama 
Published: January 2010

In the Trivandrum Sanskrit Series are included thirteen dramas which the learned editor, Mahāmahōpādhyāya T. Gaṇapati Śāstri, has assigned to Bhāsa, the predecessor of Kālidāsa. The various arguments advanced by him in support of his theory may be summed up thus:—The thirteen dramas, which we shall hereafter term the T.B. dramas, display a similarity of structure as regards the prologue and poetic merit, and have some common passages. It is, therefore, assumed that they are the works of one and the same author. Rājaśēkhara says that Bhāsa has written many dramas, one of which is Svapna-vāsavadatta; and Bāṇa says that Bhāsa's dramas open with a speech by the Sūtradhāra. Since one of the T.B. plays is named Svapna-vāsavadatta, and since they all open with a speech by the Sūtradhāra, it is inferred that Bhāsa is the author of all of them. The question whether their language is antique enough to justify their ascription to a predecessor of Kālidāsa is also discussed. The presence of archaisms, the simplicity of the Sanskrit, and the ‘freshness” of the Prakrit are urged as arguments for an answer in the affirmative. It is also claimed they have such poetic merits as to offer even Kālidāsa a model. This position is apparently substantiated by pointing out various ideas common to both these dramas and the works of Kālidāsa.
Notes on the dialect and way of life of the Āl Wahība bedouin of Oman
Authors: Webster Roger 
Published: January 2010

Between 1985 and 1987 the present writer took part in a multi-disciplinary study of the Wahiba Sands organized by the Royal Geographical Society. During this time I was able to travel extensively through and around the Sands to visit many bedouin families of the Āl Wahība, who inhabit the greater part of the area, and other tribes including the Āl ،Amr, Āl Bū ،Īsa, Ḣikmān, Hishm and Janaba who are found in certain enclaves, particularly to the east and north of the main sand desert. The purpose of my research was to make a social and ethnographic survey rather than a purely linguistic one, but in the process I was able to record some dialect speech including the text presented below.Very little was known about the bedouin of this part of Oman prior to the Wahiba Sands Project. Holes has recently published examples of some related dialects and has proposed a classification scheme as the basis for a dialect geography of Northern Oman (Holes, 1989). Bedouin dialects of central and eastern Arabia have been more extensively described and classified (Holes, 1983; Ingham, 1982(a), 1982(b), 1986; Johnstone, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1967). Comparative studies of the distribution of certain features of present-day dialects have been shown to shed light on the population movements of the past, often supporting the written histories and oral traditions of the area.
The original sin in Arabic poetics
Authors: Sanni Amidu 
Published: January 2010

Scholarly assemblies in the Arabic intellectual tradition served as forums not only for entertainment butalso for spectacular events of both literary and historical significance. Al-Sīrāfī (d. 368/979) related how at one such literary seance, which was organized at the instance of Ibn Durayd (d. 321/933), a participant read these verses, attributed to Adam, the progenitor of mankind, lamenting the murder of Abel by Cain:The land and all those on it have altered the face of the earth has turned dusty and vile. Anything of beautyand splendour has altered and the smile of the lovely face has waned.The observation that the rhyme letter carries, in breach of the standard rule, different desinential vowels, namely, ḍamma in one line and kasra in the other, provoked a reaction from Ibn Durayd who said ‘This is a poem said at the beginning of the world, yet iqwā' was committed in it.’But of course in Arabic historical lore, Ishmael, the son of Abraham, is said to have been the first to speak Arabic; and Adam is believed to have spoken Syriac. Factors which encouraged false ascriptions and the outright forgery of poetry have been discussed in various published works and the subject need not detain us here: suffice it to say that the foisting of these lines on Adam, and indeed the entire anecdote, might well be seen in terms of myth, in the sense defined by Jolles (Wahrsage), invented for the sake of a historical perspective.
Notes on an English translation of the Yogasūtrabhāṣyavivaraṇa
Authors: Gelblum Tuvia 
Published: January 2010

The recent publication of the complete translation of the Yogasūtrabhāṣyavivaraṇa (also known as Pātañjalayogaśastrabhāṣyavivaraṇa and Bhagavatpadīya; henceforth abbreviated as Vivaraṇa) into English by Trevor Leggett is the latest contribution to the study of this intriguing and significant Sanskrit philosophical text. Prior to this publication (whose first two chapters were separately published already in 1981 and 1983 respectively) only a few excerpts thereof have been translated by Hajime Nakamura, into Japanese. It is a measure of the growing interest in the original text that it has attracted several astute preliminary studies, notably by P. Hacker, T. Vetter, W. Halbfass and A. Wezler in the West, and H. Nakamura in Japan.As it stands, the title of the printed English translation reads: ‘The complete commentary by Ṥaṅkara on the Yoga Sūtra-s-a full translation of the newly discovered text.’ This is regrettably likely to be misleading in more than one way.
Some lexiographical problems of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
Authors: Macuch Rudolf 
Published: January 2010

Previous dictionaries of Jewish Aramaic (JA) have pursued practical rather than strictly linguistic aims and tried to include lexical material from the whole of Rabbinic literature written in East and West Aramaic as well as in post-Biblical Hebrew. Given that (1) Rabbinic literature is thoroughly infused with Hebrew passages and words commonly used in JA, (2) that the Jewish literary ‘diglossia’ in (East and West) Aramaic may even have developed into ‘pentaglossia’ (i.e. two spoken and literary Aramaic dialects and Hebrew), (3) and that Jewish copyists were more used to the language of the Talmudic Babylonian Aramaic (TBA) and altered many original Palestinian forms accordingly—to mention just three main reasons—it is obvious that earlier lexicographers of JA were entangled in a complex of problems which they were forced to solve practically rather than linguistically. Their works will stand as the great achievements of JA lexicography before the later classifications of JA dialectology took effect.TheAltmeisterof Aramaic studies, Th. Nöldeke, who is quoted by Michael Sokoloff, author of this first dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic (JPA), said more than a century ago:One could doubt the propriety of a dictionary of the entire old Rabbinic literature. Namely, it is anathema for linguists to find Hebrew and Aramaic together in one lexicon. But on the other hand, this entire literature, as diverse as it is, stands together.
The dating of the ‘Earthquake of the Sabbatical Year’ of 749 C.E. in Palestine
Authors: Tsafrir Yoram , Foerster Gideon 
Published: January 2010

In the mid eighth century, towards the end of the Umayyad regime, a major earthquake occurred in Palestine and the East, of which we know from Christian, Jewish and Muslim sources. Archaeologists relate to destruction by this earthquake layers in several sites, such as Jerusalem, Gerasa in Arabia, and sites mostly along the Jordan valley, among them Kh. Mefjer near Jericho, Pella, Capernaum, Sussita-Hippos, and recently, Bet Shean-Scythopolis (see below).The exact date of this earthquake is controversial; some scholars date it to 746, others to 747 or 748, In 1960, M. Margaliot suggested that the earthquake took place in 749. In this article we present new archaeological and numismatic evidence in support of this later date (see below p. 234, and pl.II).
Apologia for ‘the Sabaean cultural-political area’
Authors: Korotayev Andrey 
Published: January 2010

Firstly, I accept Beeston's proposal to refer ‘to linguistic data as Minaic, Sabaic, Qatabanic and Hadramitic, leaving Minaean etc. for non-linguistic contexts’ (Beeston, 1987a: 13). His argument (at least with respect to the distinction between the ‘Sabaean’ and the ‘Sabaic’) looks entirely convincing:The Sabaeans were the inhabitants of the area around Ma'rib. But they shared a common language(no doubt with dialectal varieties) with the peoples of the desert fringes between Ma'rib and Wadial-Jawf, of a considerable part of Wadi al-Jawf itself, and of the high plateaux lying in the angle of those two areas—Arḥab, Qā‘ al-Bawn, Qā‘ Ṣany‘ā’ etc. It is dubious whether these other peoples would have called themselves Sabaeans,1 and it might be preferable therefore to term the language Sabaic rather than Sabaean’ (Beeston, 1979: 115).
Three Old Tibetan contracts in the Sven Hedin collection
Authors: Takeuchi Tsuguhito 
Published: January 2010

Among the Tibetan texts in the Sven Hedin Collection now preserved in the Ethnographical Museum (Folkens Museum), Stockholm, there are three documents which are considered to belong to the Old Tibetan period. Their photos were first published in Bailey (1973), together with comments on a few Khotanese-related words, the texts being numbered Hedin 1, 2 and 3. But since then, they have not been paid due attention. In May 1990, I was able to examine these three manuscripts by courtesy of the Folkens Museum and Professor Staffan Rosén, secretary of the Hedin Collection.On examination, I realized that all three texts are contracts, but of different kinds: that is, Hedin 1 is a sale contract, Hedin 2 a loan contract, and Hedin 3 a contract of hiring. Each exemplifies one of the three major types of Old Tibetan contract. Although different in kind, they show a close resemblance in both form and content: they are written on paper of similar size and quality. The left edge of each document is torn off in a similar way, but my attempts to join them together showed that they were not likely to have formed one piece. Paleographically, the three texts are written in similar styles, though apparently by different hands. They also have in common somenames of the persons concerned (cf. §IV). All these shared features clearly suggest that these three texts, even though they were not originally one, belong to the same period and location.
City names of the western Steppe at the time of the Mongol invasion
Authors: Ostrowski Donald 
Published: January 2010

Section 274 of the Secret History of the Mongols (Yuanchao bishi) tells us that Khagan Ögödei placed governors over the conquered peoples whose cities were ‘Asud, Sesüd, Bolar and Mankerman-Kiwa’. I present the entire passage, first, in the transliterated edition published in 1972 by Igor de Rachewiltz, then in two English translations, the first by Francis Woodman Cleaves, the second by Rachewiltz:batu büri güyük möngge teri'üten olon kö'üt qanglin kibca'ud-i bajigid-i oro'ulju ejiljayaq meget balaqasu ebdeljü orusud-i kiduju ülüttele talaba asut sestüt bolar man-kerman kiwa teri'üten balaqad-un irgen-i dawuliju else'üljü daruqacin tammacin-i talbiju qariba.
Proto–Chamic and Acehnese mid vowels: towards Proto–Aceh–Chamic
Authors: Durie Mark 
Published: January 2010

The aims of this paper are: (i) to report new dialect data for a vowel contrast in Acehnese which was not recorded in earlier descriptive work, (ii) to show that this contrast is cognate with a contrast reconstructed for Proto–Chamic, and (iii) to reconstruct this part of the vowel system of Proto–Aceh–Chamic.A close genetic relationship between Acehnese and Chamic was first suggested by Nieman (1891). Although a contrary view was expressed by Blagden (1929), the issue has been conclusively put to rest by the work of Cowan (1933, 1948, 1974, 1981, 1983, 1988), Shorto (1975, 1977) and Collins (1975) who all agree on the existence of a distinct Aceh–Chamic sub–group within Austronesian.Unfortunately, comparative work on Aceh-Chamic (Cowan: Chamo- Achehic, Shorto: Achino-Cham) has been hampered by problems of access to the data. In Lee's (1966) and Burnham's (1976) reconstructions of Proto-Chamic no mention is made of Acehnese. On the other hand, Cowan and Shorto, the two scholars who have furthered Aceh-Chamic studies the most, have not had access to Lee (1966), nor, in more recent works, to Burnham (1976). Another problem has been that Acehnese source materials have been restricted to just one dialect, as reflected by Djajadiningrat's (1934) and Kreemer's (1931) Acehnese-Dutch dictionaries.This paper represents one step towards addressing some of these problems, by comparing new Acehnese dialect data with the comparative Chamic wordlist compiled by Lee and augmented by Burnham. I focus here upon a specific
Turkish in pre-Mongol Persian poetry
Authors: Gandjeï Tourkhan 
Published: January 2010

The rise and development of Persian poetry in Transoxiana and Khurāsān coincided with the growth in influence of the Turkish element in the Sãmãnid state. Although Turks had alredy been living in these regions at the time of the Arab conquest, it was under the Sāmānids especially that emerged into political and military prominence, having risen form the status of slaves to the highest ranks of power. In the fragmentary survivals of the Persian poetry of this period we not only find mention of Turks but even the occasional word of Turkish origin:‘This cloud is like a crazed Turk, shooting arrows; the lightning his shafts, and the rainbow his bow.’
Recherches sur les Ottomans et la Moldavie ponto-danubienne entre 1484 et 1520
Authors: Beldiceanu Par Nicoară , Bacquè-Grammont Jean-Louis , Cazacu Matei 
Published: January 2010

L'objet de la prèsente ètude est ľèdition de trois documents relatifs aux rapports èconomiques entre la Moldavie et les Ottomans au temps du sultan SelĪm Ier(1512–1520). Nous les dèsignerons de la manièsignerons de la manière suivante:Documents no1: Acte adressè par Selīm à Bogdan III de Moldavie le 25 janvier 1512, soit trois trois mois avant son avànemenyt au trône ottoman (24 avril).Documents no2: Acte adressè par SelĪm au commandant de la fortersse ottomane de Kilia2entre le 9 et le 18 fèvrier 1512 (donc antèrieur de plus de deux mois à son avènement).Documents no3: Deux paragraphes d'un repport adressé le 15 avril 1520 à la porte ottomane par Küčü Pīrī, caid ď; Aqčaqazanliq, et concernant les droits d'explonitation de quinze lacs situès en Moldavie mèridionale.
Some Notes on Maitrakanyaka: Divyāvadāna XXXVIII
Authors: Brough John 
Published: January 2010

The story of Maitrakanyaka is unquestionably old, and has survived in a number of versions which vary considerably in detail. The main outline of the story in the Avadāna-śataka, which is closely related to the versions in the Divyavadāna, the Avadāna-kalpalatā of Kṣemendra, and the Bhadrakalpāvaādna, is as follows:A rich merchant, Mitra, for a long time has no children who survive childhood; and he is advised that if he gives a girl's name to the next son to be born to him, the child will live (yadi te putro jāyate, tasya dārikā-nāma sthāpayitavyam, evam asau cirajīvī bhaviṣyati). After the child's birth, the relatives say, ‘This boy is the son of Mitra (mitrasya putrah, as being equivalent to maitraḥ), and is a girl (kanyā ca); therefore let his name be Maitrakanyaka’.
Phonetic Observations on Gujarati
Authors: Firth J.R. 
Published: January 2010

The observations offered in this article are based on notes on the pronunciation of a number of Gujarati speakers of different classes from various districts, including field notes recorded in 1938.Although the speakers included Christians from Khera District and Surat, peasants and telis from Ahmedabad district, Nagar Brahmins of Ahmedabad, and Brahmins from South and Central Kathiawar, they all in their different ways and often in different words, provided examples and illustrations of widespread characteristics of Gujarati.
The Life of the Blessed Iodasaph: A New Oriental Christian Version of the Barlaam and Ioasaph Romance
Authors: Lang D.M. 
Published: January 2010

In a volume dedicated to Sir Ralph Turner, it can scarcely be inappropriate to devote an essay to a text which bears every sign of being the first Christian adaptation of that legend of the Buddha which, migrating from the cultural environment of the Lalita-vistara and the Buddha-carita, finally evolved into the story of the Christian worthies Barlaam and Ioasaph.Since the German Turfan expeditions of half a century ago, it has become increasingly clear that an early stage in the story's development may be sited in those areas of Central Asia where Buddhism and Manichseism, the former using Sanskrit, the latter Iranian and Old Turkish as literary media, for a time overlapped. Thus, among the Turkish Manichaean fragments recovered at Turfan are two extracts from a prototype (or two separate sources) of the Barlaam legend: firstly, the episode of the meeting of the Bodisav (Bodhisattva) prince with the decrepit old man; and secondly, an unsavoury tale, later incorporated in the Arabic version by Ibn Babuya, concerning a drunken prince who mistakes a corpse for a desirable maiden.
Miṣṣa Suppletum
Authors: Bailey H.W. 
Published: January 2010

In an earlier article I gathered up certain Indo-Iranian words to form a group connected with ‘seed’, ‘sowing’ and ‘planting’.In Iranian these words were Avestan mīz- (Yasna 44.20), taken to mean ‘to sow (seeds)’, with the -ti- derivative mišti- in two passages of the later Avesta Yašt 5.120 and Yašt 7.4. Here in Yašt 7.4 mišti urvaranąm ‘with the sowing of seeds of plants’ was a striking phrase.
The Early Sasanians Some Chronological Points which Possibly Call for revision
Authors: Taqizadeh S. H. 
Published: January 2010

[Following the study I made on some points connected with chronological matters relating to the Sasanian period, I published some short articles dealing with these points in BSOS., ix, pp. 125–139, and ZMDG., vol. 91, part 3, pp. 675–7. In 1938 and 1939 I concluded these studies with an article on the chronology of the early Sasanian rulers for publication in BSOS.in 1939. The Bulletin being already completed for Press, the publication of my article was not found possible, and therefore Professor Sten Konow, of Oslo, on the suggestion of my old friend Professor Arthur Christensen, of Copenhagen, who is himself one of the best living authorities on the history of the Sasanian period of Iran, offered to publish the article in Acta Orientalia. Accordingly I sent the copy of the article to Oslo in the closing weeks of 1939. Professor Konow, in a letter which reached me in March, 1940, asked me if, owing to some difficulty in sending and getting back printed matter by ordinary post at that time, he could read the proof of the article himself and proceed to publish it. I agreed, but my reply to this effect, though sent immediately, did not reach him owing to the cessation of postal communication between England and Norway. I have never since been able to ascertain if the article was or was not published in the Acta.In the meantime I have been pursuing my study of this subject, and new points occurring to me from time to time, I decided some time later to revise the whole article, and the following pages are the result, which may be considered as a fully revised form of the article which was to be published in the acta.]
The Phonetic Structure of Bamum
Authors: Ward Ida. C. 
Published: January 2010

The Bamum language is spoken in theFrench mandated territory of the Cameroons around the town of Famboun by about 55,000 speakers.The observations set out here are based upon a short but intensive period of investigation at the Paris Exhibition in 1937, when, through the kind offices of Professor Henri Labouret, I was able to work with a native craftsman (an embroiderer) from Famboun, Andre Njoya.
The Regulation of the Waters of the Zāyande Rūd
Authors: Lambton Ann K. S. 
Published: January 2010

The Zāyande Rūd, from Lenjān to the Gāv Khūnī, was regulated by an elaborate system, which is said to go back to Safavid times. This system remained in force until A.H. 1315 (shamsī, A.D. 1936), when it underwent alteration, owing to the fact that, on government orders, the cultivation of cotton was substituted in the lands watered by the Zāyande Rūd for the cultivation of rice.The details of this regulation are found in an interesting document, popularly known as Shaikh Bahā‘ī’s ūmār, to be found in the Finance Ministry of Isfahan. The precise date of the origin of the ūmār is uncertain. The following words are written at the beginning of the document: “Written in the sealing office of the late Shah Tahmasp 923.”
Aspects d'une ancienne psychophysiologie dans l'lnde et en Extrême-Orient
Authors: Przyluski Maryla Falk et Jean 
Published: January 2010

DANS un long mémoire, qui est sous presse au moment où nous écrivons, le mot manas est défini en ces termes, a propos du Nāsadāsīyasūkta (RV., x, 129):“Dans la littérature védique et postvédique, les termes specifiques pour designer la connaissance sont dhī, prajñā, jñāna et leurs dérivés,ainsi que plus tard buddhi ; manas est un terme plus large désignant la fonction psychique, qui dans la psychologie de l'epoque n'est pas encore différenciée en facultés particulières, et dont I'aspect prépondérant—ainsi qu'il résulte de l'analyse introspective constamment pratiquée dans les milieux où cette terminologie est progressivement élaborée—est celui du désir, de la tendance, de l'impulsion.