bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The skein polynomial of a planar star product of two links
Authors: Murasugi Kunio , Przytycki Jozef H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIf PL(v,z) = Σbi(v)zi is the skein polynomial of a link L, and D = D1 * D2 is the diagram which is a planar star (Murasugi) product of D1 and D2 then bϕ(D)(v) = bϕ(D1)·bϕ(D2)(v) where ϕ(D) = n(D)– (s(D) – 1) and n(D) denotes the number of crossings of D, and s(D) is the number of Seifert circles of D.
Influence of design on the rate of convergence to normality in L1 regression
Authors: Hall Peter , Welsh A. H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe provide a concise account of the influence of design variables on the convergence rate in an L1 regression problem. In particular, we show that the convergence rate may be characterized precisely in terms of third and fourth moments of the design variables. This result leads to necessary and sufficient conditions on the design for the Berry-Esseen rate to be achieved. We also show that a moment condition on the error distribution is necessary and sufficient for a non-uniform Berry-Esseen theorem, and that an Edgeworth expansion is possible if the design points are not too clumped.
Factors that Influence Physical Activity in Long-term Care: Perspectives of Residents, Staff, and Significant Others
Authors: Benjamin Kathleen , Edwards Nancy , Guitard Paulette , Murray Mary Ann , Caswell Wenda , Perrier Marie Josée 
Published: June 2011

RÉSUMÉL’activité physique a des répercussions positives sur la santé des ainés. Toutefois, notre compréhension des facteurs qui influencent l’activité physique pour les résidents en soins de longue durée est limitée. Des résidents, des personnes significatives et des employés de neuf établissements de longue durée ont participé à des groupes de discussion (focus group). L’analyse de ces groupes de discussion révèle trois thèmes majeurs reflétant des facteurs qui semblent mitiger l’activité physique : 1) appui inadéquat pour l’activité physique; 2) routines institutionnelles omniprésentes; et 3) l’environnement physique. Tous les participants considèrent que l’activité physique est un facteur important pour préserver la santé. Des facteurs individuels, structuraux et environnementaux ont un impact sur la quantité et la qualité de l’activité physique accessible aux résidents. Ces résultats confirment le besoin de développer des stratégies pratiques et des moyens pour modifier les barrières et ancrer l’activité physique dans les soins de longue durée.
Prejudice Rivals Partisanship and Ideology When
Explaining the 2008 Presidential Vote across the
States
Authors: Highton Benjamin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article demonstrates that racial prejudice was strongly related
to the state-level nonblack vote in the 2008 presidential election,
which featured the first African American candidate from a major
party, Barack Obama. Additional tests show that while prejudice also
explains shifts in the nonblack vote between 2004 and 2008, its
influence on voting in the 2000 and 2004 elections was modest at
best. Furthermore, there is no relationship between racial attitudes
and state-level presidential approval of George Bush in 2008. Taken
together, the findings suggest that prejudice does not have a
pervasive influence on political behavior and opinion. Instead, the
effect appears to have been triggered by the presence of Barack
Obama on the ballot. Had there been less prejudice among the
American voting public, Obama would likely have won an electoral
vote landslide.
Counting Those Who Count: The Impact of Latino Population
Growth on Redistricting in Southern States
Authors: Peralta J. Salvador , Larkin George R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to examine the potential impact of
Hispanics on the electoral geography of the southern United States
after the 2010 decennial census. Hispanics are the largest and
fastest-growing minority group in the United States today. In
addition to traditional Hispanic destinations such as Florida and
Texas, many of the areas experiencing the most rapid growth in
Hispanic population are southern states such as Georgia, North
Carolina, and Virginia. Geographic information systems are used to
determine where majority-minority and influential districts are
likely to emerge in southern states. We argue that although the
Latino population has increased significantly over the past decade,
the proportion of Latinos living in southern states remains
relatively low in comparison to the general population. Therefore,
no new majority-minority or influence districts will emerge in
Louisiana, Mississippi, or Tennessee. Majority-minority and
influence districts are likely to emerge in Arkansas, Georgia, North
Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia at the state and local
levels, but not at the U.S. congressional level. Texas and Florida
are the only southern states where new majority-minority and
influence districts are likely to emerge at the U.S., state, and
local levels after the 2010 decennial census.
The Modes of Theorizing in Aristotle'sPolitics
Authors: Shuster Amy L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article addresses the pedagogical value of teaching Aristotle'sPolitics4.1 early in an introductory course in political theory that draws texts from the history of political thought. I argue that this chapter provides an interpretive key to understanding arguments made elsewhere in thePoliticsand can be used to introduce students to the kinds of theorizing that appear in the study of politics more generally. I begin by laying out some common learning obstacles that students experience in introductory political theory courses, usingPolitics4.1 to address these issues. I then outline my approach to this text and conclude by reflecting on some of the possibilities and limitations of this method of introducing the nature of political theory to an undergraduate population.
Entropy and the driving force for the filling of carbon nanotubes with water
Authors: Pascal Tod A. , Goddard William A. , Jung Yousung 
Published: June 2011

The spontaneous filling of hydrophobic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by water observed both experimentally and from simulations is counterintuitive because confinement is generally expected to decrease both entropy and bonding, and remains largely unexplained. Here we report the entropy, enthalpy, and free energy extracted from molecular dynamics simulations of water confined in CNTs from 0.8 to 2.7-nm diameters. We find for all sizes that water inside the CNTs is more stable than in the bulk, but the nature of the favorable confinement of water changes dramatically with CNT diameter. Thus we find (
i
) an entropy (both rotational and translational) stabilized, vapor-like phase of water for small CNTs (0.8–1.0 nm), (
ii
) an enthalpy stabilized, ice-like phase for medium-sized CNTs (1.1–1.2 nm), and (
iii
) a bulk-like liquid phase for tubes larger than 1.4 nm, stabilized by the increased translational entropy as the waters sample a larger configurational space. Simulations with structureless coarse-grained water models further reveal that the observed free energies and sequence of transitions arise from the tetrahedral structure of liquid water. These results offer a broad theoretical basis for understanding water transport through CNTs and other nanostructures important in nanofluidics, nanofiltrations, and desalination.
Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Authors: Hooton Thomas M. , Bradley Suzanne F. , Cardenas Diana D. , Colgan Richard , Geerlings Suzanne E. , Rice James C. , Saint Sanjay , Schaeffer Anthony J. , Tambayh Paul A. , Tenke Peter , Nicolle Lindsay E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGuidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and management of persons with catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI), both symptomatic and asymptomatic, were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The evidence-based guidelines encompass diagnostic criteria, strategies to reduce the risk of CA-UTIs, strategies that have not been found to reduce the incidence of urinary infections, and management strategies for patients with catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria or symptomatic urinary tract infection. These guidelines are intended for use by physicians in all medical specialties who perform direct patient care, with an emphasis on the care of patients in hospitals and long-term care facilities.
Raman photoluminescence spectra of silicon nanowires synthesized by a vapor phase transport method
Authors: Chu Anh Tuan , Thi Thu Trang Nguyen , Tran Thanh Thuy , Vu Binh Nam , Pham Toan Thang , Pham Van Tuan , Pham Thanh Huy , Pham Hong Duong 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Silicon nanowires were successfully synthesized by a thermal evaporation method. We have observed a strong and broad emission band centered at 670 nm, which is attributed to the quantum confinement effect related to Si nanostructures embedded in the complex SiO

x
matrix. By fitting an experimental Raman spectrum, we confirm that the as-received wires possess crystalline silicon cores whose sizes were around 5 nm. Furthermore, the abnormal dependence of integral photoluminescence intensity on measured temperature was investigated.
In silico analysis of phytoene synthase and its promoter reveals hints for regulation mechanisms of carotenogenesis in Duanliella bardawil
Authors: Lao Yong-Min , Xiao Lan , Ye Zhi−Wei , Jiang Jian-Guo , Zhou Shi-Shui 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Previous researches showed that phytoene synthase (Psy) from Dunaliella bardawil is the first regulatory point in carotenogenesis. We hypothesize certain interactions between the environmental stress factors and the regulatory sequences of Psy in D.bardawil (DbPsy). Consequently, LA PCR-based genomic walking approach was performed for isolation of psy promoter and terminator, respectively. The obtained nucleic acid sequences and the corresponding protein structure of DbPsy were analyzed and predicted using various bioinformatics tools. Finally, we presented some hints for the regulation mechanisms of DbPsy at the molecular level according to the computed results.
Results: LA PCR-based genomic walking results showed that the isolated sequences are the promoter and terminator of psy, correspondingly. Computational analysis demonstrated several candidate motifs of the promoter exhibiting hypothetic UV-B-, norglurzon- and salt-induced characteristics, as well as some typical domains universally discovered in promoter sequences, such as TATA-box, CCAAT-box and GATA-box, etc. Furthermore, the structure of Psy was also predicted and aligned along with many counterparts at the protein level. Low homology of N-terminus was found in D.bardawil, while a relatively conserved C-terminus was predicted to be involved in the catalytic activity and substrate recognization/binding. Phylogenic analysis classified the DbPsy into a cluster with other algae. These results implied that Psy may share similar regulation mechanisms among algae with respect to their C-termini; while the diversity in N-terminus among Psys, along with the predicted inducible motifs in psy promoter from D.bardawil, may confer the fine tuning differences between D.bardawil and other algae.
Conclusion: By means of computer techniques, we found in D.barawali that two interesting conserved motifs of psy promoter may involve in UV-B, norglurzon and salt regulation correspondingly; and that the diversity of Psy protein mainly lies in the N-termini among algae. These results indicate some hints for regulation mechanisms of carotenogenesis in D.bradawil.
Contact: jgjiang@scut.edu.cn
Poétique et éthique de la compilation médiévale: la conversion de saint Augustin dans quelques compilations du XIII
e
siècle
Authors: Coste Florent 
Published: June 2011

Résumé

Au treizième siècle les ordres mendiants avaient besoin, pour servir leur nouvelle mission pastorale, d'instruments de travail donnant matière à la prédication et à la confession. L’époque scolastique fut ainsi propice à l’émergence de grandes collections édifiantes comme les recueils de sermons, les légendiers ou les recueils d’
exempla
. Les compilateurs ont pris la régulière habitude au treizième siècle de légitimer leur démarche de rassemblement des textes en s'appuyant sur la conversion de saint Augustin. On se propose ici de relire cet épisode des
Confessions
comme une exemplification du travail du compilateur: la reconduction et l'enchâssement du discours rapporté qui s'y joue véhicule une éthique du témoignage et de l'imitation.
Collectionner les saints: hagiographie, identité et compilation dans les collections non-bollandistes (XVI
e
–XVII
e
siècles)
Authors: Gabriel Frédéric 
Published: June 2011

Résumé

Avant le monument bien connu des
Acta sanctorum
édités par les Bollandistes, énorme collection de dizaines d'in-folios commencée au dix-septième siècle par le jésuite Jean Bollandus, de très nombreuses compilations hagiographiques ont circulé, sous les formes et les titres les plus divers. Cette étude ne vise pas à décrire ces multiples éditions prenant l'aspect de récits miraculaires, d'anecdotes diverses, de biographies, de calendriers liturgiques, d'histoires de reliques, ou de litanies — autant d’éléments propices à la collection. Il s'agit de montrer la richesse conceptuelle de ces compilations pour une réflexion sur la collection. Par exemple, quant à l'objet de la collection, original, il s'agit d’
hommes
à la poursuite d'une identité trouvée uniquement dans l'imitation d'un modèle christique absolu. Ces biographies qui reflètent toutes La Référence se retrouvent dans le mode d’écriture et de compilation des séries hagiographiques: il s'agit d’œuvres écrites à plusieurs, remaniées, imitées, refondues. L'auteur-éditeur est avant tout un collecteur. Parallèlement à une rhétorique de l'exemplarité, ces collections sont en perpétuelle réécriture et réédition, et par là même, en perpétuelle multiplication, à l'image des saints eux-mêmes, multiplicité en expansion mais formant un seul Corps mystique. En un sens, la collection hagiographique crée ce corps, Corps textuel collectif et symbolique d'une infinité toujours à recenser.
Subjective experiences of family caregivers of patients with dementia as predictive factors of quality of life
Authors: TAKAI Michiko , TAKAHASHI Megumi , IWAMITSU Yumi , OISHI Satoru , MIYAOKA Hitoshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of the present study was to investigate predictive factors of quality of life (QOL) in home caregivers of patients with dementia.Methods:  A total of 118 home caregivers (48 male, 70 female) were asked to complete the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life 26 (WHO/QOL‐26) questionnaire, the Pines Burnout Measure (BM), and the Beck Depression Inventory, second edition (BDI‐II). Patient demographics and clinical data regarding cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and dementia severity were obtained from medical records.Results:  Spearman rank correlation coefficients revealed that caregiver QOL was significantly correlated with patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms (r=−0.19; P < 0.05), as well as depressive symptoms (r=−0.59, P < 0.01) and burnout (r=−0.59, P < 0.01) in caregivers. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms in caregivers was the strongest predictor for caregiver QOL (R2= 0.37, P < 0.001) and that caregiver QOL was best predicted by the combination of depressive symptoms, burnout, and the cognitive impairment of patients (R2= 0.46, P < 0.05).Conclusion:  The results of the present study demonstrate that subjective experiences of caregivers are more strongly correlated with caregiver QOL than patient‐related variables and are thus powerful determinants of caregiver QOL. These findings suggest that caregiver intervention, which aims to increase QOL, may benefit from the incorporation of strategies to reduce depressive symptoms and burnout.
Protein kinase C stabilizes X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) through phosphorylation at Ser87 to suppress apoptotic cell death
Authors: KATO Kiyoko , TANAKA Toshihisa , SADIK Golam , BABA Miyako , MARUYAMA Daisuke , YANAGIDA Kanta , KODAMA Takashi , MORIHARA Takashi , TAGAMI Shinji , OKOCHI Masayasu , KUDO Takashi , TAKEDA Masatoshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  Multiple protein kinases have been shown to be involved in the apoptotic neuronal loss of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although some studies support the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in amyloid precursor protein processing as well as in tau phosphorylation, a direct role for PKC in apoptotic neuronal death remains to be clarified. In the present study, we report on the possible role of PKC in cell survival during conditions of stress through phosphorylation of the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP).Methods:  Phosphorylation of XIAP at Ser87 was confirmed by western blot analysis employing phosphorylation dependent anti‐XIAP antibody after incubation of recombinant XIAP with active PKC in vitro. And increased phosphorylation of XIAP at the site was also confirmed in SH‐SY5Y cells treated with PKC activator, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). A mutant XIAP construct in which Ser87 was substituted by Ala, was prepared, and transfected to cells. After the transfection of wild or mutant XIAP, cells viability was evaluated by counting living and dead cells treated with PMA during etoposide‐induced apoptosis.Results:  Recombinant XIAP was phosphorylated at Ser87 by PKC in vitro and treatment of XIAP‐transfected SH‐SY5Y cells with a PKC activator, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) induced phosphorylation of XIAP at Ser87. Pulse chase experiments revealed that, when phosphorylated at Ser87, wild‐type XIAP is more stable than XIAP with a Ser87Ala substitution, which is degraded faster. Importantly, the phosphorylation of XIAP at the site by PKC significantly increased cell survival up to approximately 2.5 times under the condition of apoptosis induced by 25 µg/ml etoposide.Conclusion:  The findings of the present study indicate a role for PKC, through phosphorylation of XIAP at Ser87 and its stabilization, in cell survival under conditions of stress and lend strength to the idea that PKC is crucial in regulating neuronal homeostasis, which may be impaired in AD.
Effects of Combination of Proliferative Agents and Erythropoietin on Left Ventricular Remodeling Post–Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kanashiro‐Takeuchi Rosemeire M. , Takeuchi Lauro M. , Hatzistergos Konstantinos , Quevedo Henry , Selem Sarah M. , Treuer Adriana V. , Premer Courtney , Balkan Wayne , Margitich Irene , Song Yun , Hu Qinghua , Hare Joshua M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractErythropoietin (EPO) has the potential to improve ischemic tissue by mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells and enhancing neovascularization. We hypothesized that combining EPO with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) would improve post–myocardial infarction (MI) effects synergistically. Methods: After MI, five to seven animals were randomly assigned to each of the following treatments: control; hCG; EPO; hCG + EPO, and prolactin (PRL) + EPO. Follow‐up echocardiograms were performed to assess cardiac structure and function. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assay and western blot analysis for apoptosis‐related proteins, and cell proliferation by immunostaining for Ki67 and c‐kit cells. Results: The MI‐mediated increased chamber systolic dimension (p < 0.05 in controls) was attenuated by hCG, EPO, and hCG + EPO (p < 0.05 vs. control) but not PRL + EPO. Similarly all treatment groups, except PRL + EPO, reduced MI‐induced increases (p < 0.05 vs. control) in ejection fraction (EF). The functional improvement in the EPO‐treated groups was accompanied by increased capillary density. Apoptosis was markedly reduced in all treated groups. Significantly more cardiac c‐kit+ cells were found in the hCG + EPO group. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that EPO, hCG, or their combination ameliorate cardiac remodeling post‐MI. Whereas EPO stimulates neovascularization only and hCG + EPO stimulates c‐kit+ cell proliferation. These data suggest that combining mobilizing and proliferative agents adds to the durability and sustainability of cytokine‐based therapies for remodeling post‐MI. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 168–174
Evaluating Translational Research: A Process Marker Model
Authors: Trochim William , Kane Cathleen , Graham Mark J. , Pincus Harold A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract Objective: We examine the concept of translational research from the perspective of evaluators charged with assessing translational efforts. One of the major tasks for evaluators involved in translational research is to help assess efforts that aim to reduce the time it takes to move research to practice and health impacts. Another is to assess efforts that are intended to increase the rate and volume of translation. Methods: We offer an alternative to the dominant contemporary tendency to define translational research in terms of a series of discrete “phases.”Results: We contend that this phased approach has been confusing and that it is insufficient as a basis for evaluation. Instead, we argue for the identification of key operational and measurable markers along a generalized process pathway from research to practice. Conclusions: This model provides a foundation for the evaluation of interventions designed to improve translational research and the integration of these findings into a field of translational studies. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 153–162
Experimental comparison of seven commercial dosimetry diodes for measurement of stereotactic radiosurgery cone factors
Authors: Dieterich Sonja , Sherouse George W. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose:The purpose of this work is to assess the variation in performance of various commercially available dosimetry diodes for quantitative small field dosimetry, specifically by intercomparing measurements of SRS cone factors.Methods:Measurements were made in 6 MV photon beams with fixed SRS cones for two accelerator‐based SRS systems: a Varian Clinac iX (Varian/Zmed cones) at 600 MU/min and a CyberKnife model G4 at 800 MU/min. Measurements were made at 1.5 cm depth in water using the IBA Dosimetry “blue phantom” 3D scanning system, controlled byomnipro‐accept software. Source‐to‐detector distance was 100 cm for the Clinac, 80 cm for the CyberKnife. Two normalization methods were used for the Clinac, one directly referenced to diode measurements in a 10 cm × 10 cm square field and the other indirectly by “daisy‐chaining” diode measurements to ion chamber measurement in the 10 cm × 10 cm reference field through an intermediate 4 cm × 4 cm square field. CyberKnife factors were referenced directly to measurements in the 60 mm reference field. Seven commercial diodes were evaluated: PTW TN60008, TN60012, TN60016, TN60017; IBA Dosimetry SFD; Sun Nuclear EDGE; Exradin SD1 (first generation prototype).Results:With the exception of the SFD, all the evaluated devices yielded surprisingly consistent results. Standard deviations of Clinac factors for four diodes (SD1, EDGE, TN60008, and TN60012) ranged from approximately 0.50% at 30 mm to 2.0% at 5 mm cones size when referenced directly to the 10 cm × 10 cm measurement. The daisy‐chaining strategy reduced the standard deviation to approximately 0.30% at 30 mm and 1.9% at 5 mm. Standard deviations for the same four diodes in the CyberKnife beam ranged up to approximately 1.0% at 5 mm.Conclusions:The inter‐detector variation is small and appears to be systematic with detector packaging, more inherent filtration producing flatter curves for both the relatively hard Clinac beam and the softer CyberKnife beam. The daisy‐chain strategy appears to be of limited value for most of the diodes, but does bring the SFD results into significantly better agreement with the others.