bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Hirst Samuel J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Elites in the interwar Soviet Union and early Republican Turkey led two of the most top-down modernizing programs of the twentieth century, and this chapter addresses various ways of thinking about their similarities. In the 1920s and since, ideological convergence has generally been taken to mean parallels in approaches to state-society relations. This chapter argues that the more significant commonalities were in the Bolsheviks’ and the Kemalists’ approach to international politics, and in particular to international political economy. The Soviet government helped its Turkish counterpart develop a five-year plan, and industrialization was a shared priority. But this partnership evolved gradually, as both Bolsheviks and Kemalists became convinced that liberal Western states had established an international order that reinforced the global economic hierarchy. With time, Soviet-Turkish internationalism took on an extraordinary commitment to state-led development, but it had contemporary analogs in places like Mexico. This chapter lays out the book’s overarching argument in general terms: that Soviet-Turkish convergence emerged as the result of a contingent historical process, and that convergence was facilitated by a shared belief that state intervention in the economy was necessary to overcome underdevelopment.
Sovereignty for a Post-Imperial Eurasia
Authors: Hirst Samuel J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Soviet and Turkish approaches to state sovereignty clashed, and this chapter explores the differences by focusing on the antagonism that emerged at the Lausanne Conference in 1922–1923. The Ottoman Empire’s experience of unequal treaties and extraterritorial legal regimes influenced the Kemalists, who adopted an unflinching claim to sovereignty. The Bolsheviks learned related lessons about international law in their early engagements with Western diplomats, but they retained an ambivalence about sovereignty as a political principle. The Bolsheviks’ class-based internationalism meant they had little interest in a world of firmly delineated states; as importantly, they inherited an informal empire in Eurasia that they exploited for their own purposes. Interwar Soviet relations with Iranian and Chinese nationalists produced real conflict, and the contrast with Soviet-Turkish relations is revealing. The Lausanne Conference was an important moment of compromise, as Turkish diplomats forced their Soviet counterparts to acknowledge that a strict approach to state sovereignty was a requisite part of modern anti-imperialism.
International Capital and Local Collaborators
Authors: Hirst Samuel J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Bolsheviks’ class-based ideology made them unlikely proponents of Turkish ethnic nationalism, but this chapter demonstrates how opposition to Western economic and political power encouraged Soviet internationalists to embrace the nationalism of the exploited. The chapter focuses on a cohort of Soviet writers, academics, diplomats, and commercial agents, who contributed to a Soviet cultural diplomacy and jointly arrived at an original understanding of Turkish society. In their search for groups who would contribute to Turkey’s industrial development, they came to believe that a predominantly Turkish bourgeoisie in Anatolia was preferable to cosmopolitan merchant classes in the port cities of Istanbul and Izmir. They came to describe the latter group as compradors, suggesting that the port bourgeoisie had sold out to international capital. Yet Soviet trade organizations, despite their cultivation of links with provincial Turkish merchants, remained dependent on the credit markets of Istanbul. The chapter ends with the arrival of state-funded industrialization projects, which Bolshevik and Kemalist elites could both welcome as firmly nationalist development.
Governance by Stealth
Authors: Mitra Subrata K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
India’s Ministry of Home Affairs, with its striking durability, and ability to adapt to the transition from colonial rule to post-colonial, democratic governance, is a remarkable example of institutional resilience. The colonial Home Department’s special expertise in governance by stealth—maximum order with the use of minimum force—was instrumental for it to acquire a secure niche within the colonial structure. Following the end of colonial rule in 1947, the Home Department mutated into the Ministry of Home Affairs of India. Like its predecessor, it is still ensconced in the majestic North Block of New Delhi. How a colonial institution whose key task was to hold Indian nationalism at bay became the architect of the post-colonial state and nation, is one of the main questions to which I respond in this book. Home’s multiple roles as the keeper of public order, mentor to public services, and to act as the invisible sinews that hold the country’s noisy democracy and assertive regions together, explain its exalted status among its peers. My analysis of Home’s multiple roles and its evolution is based on declassified files of the Ministry of Home Affairs, correspondences, biographies, and interviews with some of the main stakeholders of governance and public order in India.
The making of governance by stealth
Authors: Mitra Subrata K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter explores the genesis and evolution of the ministry of Home Affairs. It started as the Home Department under colonial rule and metamorphosed into independent India’s Ministry of Home Affairs. It still bears the birthmarks of its colonial origin. Looking back at the colonial origin of the culture of hierarchic consultation and diligent filing, one realizes that the institutions of the ministry evolved incrementally, and that the norms of transaction were not made entirely by fiat. The British gained access to India’s indigenous forms of rule through investments in vernacular knowledge. This helped them build a regime backed by appropriate political institutions and administrative organizations. The same logic also explains the continuation of the structure and process of governance by stealth beyond British rule.
The sentinel of order
Authors: Mitra Subrata K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Conquest, not contract, was the basis of British rule in India. However, as a corporate entity under British law, the East Indian Company still formed part of a covenant with the British Parliament and the Crown. This kept the colonial authorities accountable, in a rudimentary way. Orderly rule was the key, and the Home Department was its keeper. Administrative efficiency, economy, practical reasoning, and accountability—all meant to protect and promote, initially, corporate interests and, following the Sepoy Uprising, imperial interests in India—played their parts in the making of the colonial state. It kept in step with the evolution of the empire and the ideology that underpinned it. This institutional arrangement survived decolonization and went on to play a significant role in the making of the post-colonial state and nation. The creation of this remarkable body and its evolution constitute the main theme of this chapter.
Politicians, civil servants, and post-colonial governance
Authors: Mitra Subrata K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Institutions are corporate bodies. Like human beings, they also have collective mindsets, an inner architecture, and institutional memory. In all three respects, the Ministry of Home Affairs displays a continuity with its predecessor. Therein lies a paradox. Civil servants of the raj had the upper hand over Indian politicians during colonial rule. Following the Transfer of Power, overnight in fact, the same politicians became the new masters, and civil servants moved down in power and status. But the structure, function, and process of the organization of the ministry remained pretty much intact. This puzzling continuity despite radical change in the environment is the main theme of this chapter.
Home at work
Authors: Mitra Subrata K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 1947, fresh out of centuries-long colonial rule, the Indian state stood at the cusp of a precipice. Beyond ‘Freedom at Midnight’ lay the stark reality. Nehru’s ‘India’ was a concept, not yet a reality. There was a violent peasant uprising in the South and war against Pakistan over Kashmir. Millions of traumatized refugees were streaming in from the West and the East, and to compound the challenges for the new government, some native princes were seeking alliance with foreign powers inimical to the country. Together, these made for an uncertain future. Understandably, with the jubilation over independence, there was also an air of apprehension. How the new government coped with the simultaneous reorganization of public services, integrated the princely states, and security, with the Ministry of Home Affairs at the helm, is the main theme of this chapter.
Governing the sacred
Authors: Mitra Subrata K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter analyses the role of the Ministry of Home Affairs in devising solutions to contentious issues of religion and language. For a colonized society, transition from alien rule to independent statehood brings in its train the pressing need to devise a collective identity that would bolster the state, and bind the nation together. The conflicts—between nostalgic defenders of the ancien regime and modernizers, and conflicts among religious and linguistic communities—have been fatal for many post-colonial states. Protecting order whilst simultaneously shaping collective identity is the twin challenge that the leaders of India faced during the phase of transition. Language was the major issue to start with. It was soon replaced by religion as the other bone of contention. Institutional innovations to protect national integration and to contain ‘communalism’ became Home’s mainstay in its efforts to defend public order.
Race in the Universal and Eternal Tradition
Authors: Magaldi Cristina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the revival by the republican political and musical establishment of a work by a composer from colonial times, José Maurício Nunes Garcia (1767–1830), his Requiem, to forge a past that could represent the republican nation. It discussed the complexities, contradictions, and racial issues that emerged from the use of the music by a Black man who lived during the height of the country’s profit from slavery as symbolic of an idealized national musical past centered on Austro-Germanic musics, and at the service of Rio de Janeiro’s White political, intellectual, and musical status quo who aspired for a universal and eternal musical past.
At the Cabaret
Authors: Magaldi Cristina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the activities and musical performances of the artist and entrepreneur Mlle. Ywonna in her short-lived but influential Rio de Janeiro cabaret. Mlle. Ywonna’s venue became a gathering place as well as a refuge for young republican intellectuals, bohemians, and artists, such as Olavo Bilac and Gonzaga Duque, who questioned military republicanism and the country’s new status quo. In the intimate cabaret, a select clientele engaged with Ywonna’s voice, her performances, and her reconstructions of Montmartre chansons in Rio de Janeiro to experiment with alternative ways of imagining the city. The chapter explores Ywonna’s performances of chansons by Aristide Bruant, Gabriel Montoya, and Yann-Nibor, and her version of cabaret singing in the style of Yvette Gilbert in Paris. Ywonna’s renditions of chansons came to define an era of Rio de Janeiro’s nightlife that shaped a generation.
A World of Many Musics
Authors: Magaldi Cristina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the failed attempts to replicate in Rio de Janeiro the vogue for Wagner’s music that had taken over several European music centers. It suggests that, in practice, Wagnerism reflected a look back to a stable, secure, and idealized past, rather than offering a real, practical promise of musical renewal. The chapter considers the extent to which composers such as Leopoldo Miguez and his circle in Rio de Janeiro, the so-called Musical Republic, became attached to the idea of a “music of the future.” It examines the repertory of a few concerts that the group organized during the period to show that they consistently offered a gamut of musics from various composers, provenances, styles, and languages as educational tools for the “general public.” The chapter also examines the work by Alberto Nepomuceno as example of an eclectic approach to music composition that was quite common among many composers of his generation. It suggests that some of his works can be described as assemblages of the many musical possibilities available to him, and that the connections the composer makes, how the many parts are put together, are more aesthetically significant than the final work.
Post-translational Regulation of BRI1-EMS Suppressor 1 and Brassinazole-Resistant 1
Authors: Mao Juan , Shen Biaodi , Li Wenxin , Liu Linchuan , Li Jianming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (BRI1)-EMS suppressor 1 (BES1) and Brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1) are two highly similar master transcription factors of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway that regulates a variety of plant growth and development processes as well as stress responses. Previous genetic and biochemical analyses have established a complex regulatory network to control the two transcription factors. This network includes coordination with other transcription factors and interactors, multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) and differential subcellular localizations. In this review, we systematically detail the functions and regulatory mechanisms of various PTMs: phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, ubiquitination/deubiquitination, SUMOylation/deSUMOylation and oxidation/reduction, in regulating the subcellular localization, protein stability and the transcriptional activity of BES1/BZR1. We also discuss the current knowledge about the BES1/BZR1 interactors mediating the dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BES1 and BZR1.
Does sleep link child maltreatment to depressive symptoms among incoming first-year college students?
Authors: Rojo-Wissar Darlynn M , Parade Stephanie H , Barker David H , Van Reen Eliza , Sharkey Katherine M , Gredvig-Ardito Caroline , Carskadon Mary A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
We examined whether sleep (i.e. quality, regularity, and duration) mediated associations between child maltreatment (CM) and depressive symptoms among emerging adults undergoing the major life transition of starting college.

Methods
Students (N = 1400; 44% male; 48% non-Hispanic white, 20% non-Hispanic Asian, 15% Hispanic all races, 7% non-Hispanic black, and 10% non-Hispanic other races) completed daily sleep diaries for 9 weeks, followed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). DSD data were used to compute participants’ Sleep Regularity Index and average 24-hour total sleep time. We used a nonparametric structural equation modeling bootstrap approach and full information maximum likelihood to account for missing data. In model 1, we controlled for sex and race and ethnicity. In model 2, we further adjusted for baseline CES-D scores.

Results
The prevalence of self-reported moderate-to-severe CM was 22%. Small but significant indirect effects of CM on greater depressive symptoms through worse sleep quality (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.09) and lower sleep regularity (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.005, 0.03) were observed in model 1. In model 2, only the indirect effect of sleep quality remained significant (β = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.06).

Conclusions
Poorer sleep quality may partially account for associations between CM and depressive symptoms during the first semester of college. Including sleep as a target in student health interventions on college campuses may not only help buffer against poor mental health outcomes for students with CM, but also poor academic and socioeconomic outcomes long-term.
Private Foundations in the United Arab Emirates: Empowering Family Wealth Management Strategies
Authors: Mrazek Yann , Zagatti Kath 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Private Foundations have become an indispensable tool for ultra-high-net-worth individuals (“UHNWIs”) and their families in the United Arab Emirates (“UAE”) seeking to optimize their wealth and legacy planning strategies. In the dynamic landscape of wealth management, Middle Eastern entrepreneurial families have long relied on foreign offshore Trusts and Foundations as an essential tool for safeguarding assets and preserving intergenerational continuity. These structures, while effective for assets located abroad, have encountered limitations when it comes to regionally based assets such as shares in core businesses or real estate. However, following a dramatic revamp and expansion of its regulatory framework during the past decade, the United Arab Emirates currently offers arguably the most comprehensive and sophisticated tool chest of wealth structuring/business continuity solutions in the world. Private Foundations in the UAE have marked a significant milestone in the UAE legal framework with over 1,000 Foundations under management. This article delves into the landscape of Private Foundations in the UAE, focusing on their role in asset protection and portfolio restructuring for family wealth preservation. Drawing upon the unique characteristics of Trusts & Trustees’ approach, the authors provide valuable insights into the recognition, regulation and operational dynamics of Private Foundations within the country’s business-oriented framework.
Improving retrospective intervention descriptions: Lessons learned from research on type 2 diabetes programmes in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Carvalho Márcia , Hawkes Rhiannon E , Hadjiconstantinou Michelle , Byrne Molly , French David P , McSharry Jenny 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, multiple countries worldwide have implemented behavioural interventions within national healthcare systems. Describing the content of these interventions is critical to improve their implementation, replication, and effectiveness, as well as to advance behavioural science. Tools, such as the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy, can enhance the quality of intervention description and reporting. As interventions are frequently developed without the use of such tools, retrospective coding of existing interventions to accurately characterise their content is becoming more common. However, the use of these tools for retrospective coding poses various challenges, the discussion of which has been neglected to date. This commentary discusses the challenges encountered when retrospectively describing the content of five nationally implemented programmes for type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland and suggests recommendations to tackle these challenges. We present important methodological, practical, and ethical considerations for researchers to reflect on, relevant to the retrospective description of existing interventions. Specifically, we discuss (i) the importance of positive relationships and collaboration with intervention stakeholders, (ii) the practical and ethical considerations when analysing the content of implemented interventions, (iii) the independence of research teams and the potential for misclassification of intervention content, and (iv) the challenges associated with the analysis of intervention content using behavioural science tools. There is a growing demand for more robust approaches to address the methodological, practical, and ethical challenges associated with such studies. The present commentary describes key issues to be considered by research teams, as well as concrete recommendations to improve the retrospective characterisation of intervention content.
Tall Fescue and Endophyte Genetics Influence Vertical Transmission and Seed Characteristics Under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: McGrail Rebecca K. , Carlisle A. Elizabeth , Nelson Jim A. , Dinkins Randy D. , McCulley Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2024

Cool season grasses, including tall fescue, are dominant plants within managed grassland systems. A symbiotic relationship between tall fescue ( Lolium arundinaceum) and the fungal endophyte Epichloë coenophiala can affect grassland response to perturbations, including changing rainfall patterns and increasing temperatures associated with climate change. Because E. coenophiala reproduces asexually, there is concern that climate change may negatively impact vertical transmission, resulting in subsequent fescue stands with lower infection frequencies and reduced grassland resiliency. This 3-year field study evaluated the impact of increased temperature, altered precipitation, and their combination on vertical transmission, seed number, and seed weight in tall fescue clones containing common toxic (CTE) or novel nonmammalian toxic (NTE) E. coenophiala. NTE clones exhibited greater transmission than CTE clones. Temperature did not affect transmission, but altered precipitation reduced transmission in CTE clones. On average, NTE clones responded to increased temperatures by reducing seed number, while CTE clones responded oppositely. NTE clones produced seeds of similar masses across all growing years, suggesting greater stability under varying environmental conditions. Our work illustrates that both plant and endophyte genetics influence vertical transmission and that climate change is unlikely to significantly impact endophyte transmission in the southeastern transition zone of the United States. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Identifying Children and Adolescents at Elevated Mental Health Risk Before and During COVID-19
Authors: Jellinek Michael , Benheim Talia S. , Dutta Anamika , Bergmann Paul , Sturner Raymond , Howard Barbara , Murphy J. Michael 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To determine whether the prevalence of psychosocial risk in children and adolescents changed from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether these changes differed by age group, sex, and season, based on a standardized psychosocial measure completed as a routine part of primary care.

Methods:
Children and adolescents aged 5.5 to 17.9 years were screened with a parent report Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17P) between November 2017 and June 2022. Changes in the prevalence of psychosocial risk (global, internalizing, externalizing, and attention scales) from before to during the pandemic were compared by age group, sex, and season.

Results:
In a sample of 459,767 health supervision visits, the prevalence of PSC-17P global, internalizing, and attention risk worsened significantly from before to during the pandemic, especially among female adolescents (ages 12.0–17.9). For a pediatrician seeing a hypothetical sample of 1000 adolescent girls, the expected number at risk would have increased from 103 to 131 on the global scale (26.6% increase), from 189 to 231 on the internalizing subscale (22.0% increase), and from 60 to 82 on the attention subscale (35.7% increase). Seasonality had a large effect, with significantly lower PSC-17P risk in the summer every year.

Conclusion:
Data from a large, national sample of pediatric visits suggested that global, internalizing, and attention concerns increased slightly overall from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, with different patterns by age group and sex. Adolescent girls showed substantially increased global, internalizing, and attention problems. These increases support the need for further research and additional individual and system-level interventions.