bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CXCL4‐induced monocyte survival, cytokine expression, and oxygen radical formation is regulated by sphingosine kinase 1
Authors: Kasper Brigitte , Winoto‐Morbach Supandi , Mittelstädt Jessica , Brandt Ernst , Schütze Stefan , Petersen Frank 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHuman monocytes respond to a variety of stimuli with a complex spectrum of activities ranging from acute defense mechanisms to cell differentiation or cytokine release. However, the individual intracellular signaling pathways related to these functions are not well understood. CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) represents a broad activator of monocytes, which induces acute as well as delayed activities in these cells including cell differentiation, survival, or the release of ROS, and cytokines. Here, we report for the first time that CXCL4‐treated monocytes significantly upregulate sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) mRNA and that CXCL4 induces SphK1 enzyme activity as well as its translocation to the cell membrane. Furthermore, we could show that pharmacological inhibition of SphK results in reversal of CXCL4‐induced monocyte survival, cytokine expression, and release of oxygen radicals, which was confirmed by the use of SphK1‐specific siRNA. CXCL4‐mediated rescue from apoptosis, which is accompanied by inhibition of caspases, is controlled by SphK1 and its downstream element Erk. Taken together, these data assign SphK1 as a central regulator of acute and delayed monocyte activation and suggest SphK1 as a potential therapeutic target to suppress pro‐inflammatory responses induced by CXCL4.
Bystander stimulation of activated CD4+ T cells of unrelated specificity following a booster vaccination with tetanus toxoid
Authors: Di Genova Gianfranco , Savelyeva Natalia , Suchacki Amy , Thirdborough Stephen M. , Stevenson Freda K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAntigen‐specific CD4+ T cells are central to natural and vaccine‐induced immunity. An ongoing antigen‐specific T‐cell response can, however, influence surrounding T cells with unrelated antigen specificities. We previously observed this bystander effect in healthy human subjects following recall vaccination with tetanus toxoid (TT). Since this interplay could be important for maintenance of memory, we have moved to a mouse model for further analysis. We investigated whether boosting memory CD4+ T cells against TT in vivo would influence injected CD4+ TCR transgenic T cells (OT‐II) specific for an unrelated OVA peptide. If OT‐II cells were pre‐activated with OVA peptide in vitro, these cells showed a bystander proliferative response during the ongoing parallel TT‐specific response. Bystander proliferation was dependent on boosting of the TT‐specific memory response in the recipients, with no effect in naive mice. Bystander stimulation was also proportional to the strength of the TT‐specific memory T‐cell response. T cells activated in vitro displayed functional receptors for IL‐2 and IL‐7, suggesting these as potential mediators. This crosstalk between a stimulated CD4+ memory T‐cell response and CD4+ T cells activated by an unrelated antigen could be important in human subjects continually buffeted by environmental antigens.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 2/10
Authors: Saade Murielle , Irla Magali , Yammine Miriam , Boulanger Nicolas , Victorero Geneviève , Vincentelli Renaud , Penninger Josef M. , Holländer Georg A. , Chauvet Sophie , Nguyen Catherine 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis issue's cover image depicts thymus ontogeny in mice associated with changes in the distribution patterns of Spatial and keratins by thymic epithelial cells, taken from Saade et al. (pp. 530–538). In this article, the authors explore the expression of the Spatial gene during thymus ontogeny and in the adult thymus, and demonstrate that in the medulla RANK signals regulate Spatial expression through the transcription factor Aire. Images were acquired with the Leica TCS SP5.
Gold(I) Complexes of P,N Ligands and Their Catalytic Activity
Authors: Khin Chosu , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Rominger Frank 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGold(I) complexes were readily prepared by reaction of the respective ligands with (Me2S)AuCl in CH2Cl2. Complexes of formula LAuCl {L = diphenyl(2‐pyridyl)phosphane (PPh2Py), (R)‐(+)‐4‐[(2)‐(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1‐naphthyl]‐N‐[(R)‐1‐phenylethyl]‐1‐phthalazinamine (PINAP)} were obtained when a 1:1 molar ratio of ligand to starting gold precursor was used. When a 2:1 ratio of ligand to gold precursor was used with PPh2Py or MandyPhos as ligands, complexes of the type L2AuCl were obtained. All complexes were fully characterized, and single‐crystal X‐ray structures could be determined for four complexes. Chloride ions were removed by reaction with silver salts, such as AgNTf2, AgOTf and AgBF4, for the use of these complexes as catalysts. After the catalytic reaction with alkynes and alcohols in acetonitrile, a unique trinuclear gold(I) complex derived from [(PPh2Py)Au]BF4 could be characterized by X‐ray structural analysis, showing a mode of catalyst deactivation.
Trichiliton A, a Novel Limonoid from Trichilia connaroides
Authors: Fang Xin , Di Yingtong , Geng Zhaoliang , Tan Chenjian , Guo Jie , Ning Jing , Hao Xiaojiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTrichiliton A (1), a novel limonoid with an unprecedented bicyclo[5.2.14,10]decane motif in the tetranortriterpenoid core, has been isolated from the leaves of Trichilia connaroides. Its structure and absolute configuration have been elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and computational methods. The biosynthetic pathway of compound 1 is discussed and involves an alternative new routine from mexicanolide to phragmalin.
Synthesis of Phosphonobenzocarbacephems by Intramolecular Radical Cyclization of Haloaryl‐Substituted β‐Lactams
Authors: Van der Jeught Sarah , Masschelein Kurt G. R. , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of benzo‐fused tricyclic β‐lactams, most of them phosphonobenzocarbacephems, were prepared in a straightforward way starting from phosphonoazadienes. In this paper, the synthetic route including a Staudinger reaction towards the β‐lactams, followed by radical ring closing with tributyltin hydride and AIBN, which resulted in the envisaged tricyclic compounds, is reported.
Complete Lipooligosaccharide Structure of the Clinical Isolate Acinetobacter baumannii, Strain SMAL
Authors: Fregolino Eleonora , Fugazza Giulia , Galano Eugenio , Gargiulo Valentina , Landini Paolo , Lanzetta Rosa , Lindner Buko , Pagani Laura , Parrilli Michelangelo , Holst Otto , De Castro Cristina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is a pathogenic organism that posesses a serious health threat because of the occurrence of the large number of (multi)drug‐resistant strains. It can persist for prolonged periods in the hospital environment, infecting debilitated or immune‐compromised patients. In this context, the endotoxin portion of the lipopolysaccharide, the lipid A, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this bacterium, because it triggers the innate immune response and contributes to the inflammation state of the patient. In this study, the complete structure of the lipooligosaccharide has been determined. The saccharide backbone of the molecule was disclosed through chemical and spectroscopic analysis, whereas the lipid A moiety required detailed MS spectrometry and chemical investigations. The oligosaccharide backbone was found to be similar to that of A. baumannii ATCC 19606, although the LOS from the SMAL strain presented an enhanced zwitterionic character. The lipid A moiety comprises a heterogeneous and complex mixture of molecules: it possesses a conserved diphosphorylated disaccharide backbone substituted by three to seven fatty acids. The hexaacylated species appeared as the most abundant, and its chemical features, namely the number and the types of fatty acids, indicates its potential endotoxic activity.
Specific psychological and behavioral symptoms of depression in patients with dementia
Authors: Prado‐Jean Annie , Couratier Philippe , Druet‐Cabanac Michel , Nubukpo Philippe , Bernard‐Bourzeix Laurence , Thomas Philippe , Dechamps Nicole , Videaud Helene , Dantoine Thierry , Clément Jean Pierre 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBehavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) are very common, with 90% of patients experiencing at least one during the course of the disease. One‐third of persons with dementia have depressive symptoms, and concomitant BPSD are very likely.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the psychological and behavioral manifestations of depression in patients with dementia.MethodsWe recruited patients with dementia from several nursing homes in the Limousin region of France. Depression was as diagnosed by the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) with a cut‐off of 7, and BPSD were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).ResultsOf 319 patients with dementia, 42.9% (n = 137) were depressed and 75.9% (n = 242) had BPSD. All BPSD were significantly (p < 0.0001) more prevalent among depressed patients, but no significant differences were observed according to sex and age. The NPI showed that the most common additional symptoms in depressed patients were agitation (43.2%), anxiety (42.3%) and irritability (40.1%). Four NPI‐based factors were indentified (63.9% of the common variance): factor 1 (disinhibition, irritability, agitation, anxiety), factor 2 (sleep disturbance, aberrant motor behavior, apathy), factor 3 (elation, hallucination, delirium) and the last with eating disorders. Depression in dementia patients was significantly associated with disinhibition, irritability, agitation, and anxiety.ConclusionBPSD are common and a major problem. Before addressing them as isolated symptoms, it is important to consider comorbidity with depression in order to optimize the therapeutic approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percolation losses in paddy fields with a dynamic soil structure: model development and applications
Authors: Janssen Manon , Lennartz Bernd , Wöhling Thomas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe hydraulic characteristics of the plough pan of paddy fields provide continuous ponding conditions during the growing season and control the water use efficiency in wet rice production. Its saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks, however, exhibits a large spatiotemporal variability as a consequence of a highly dynamic soil structure involving temporary shrinkage cracks. Water flow through the earthen bunds surrounding the fields further contributes to the uncertainty in water flux calculations. The objective of this study was to develop a simple deterministic model with stochastic elements (‘PADDY‐FLUX’) for depiction of deep percolation, and to assess the effect of different water management scenarios on percolation in two channel command areas. Darcy's law is used as the fundamental equation for water flow calculations with the ponding water depth h as a time‐dependent variable. Flux uncertainty is estimated by a Monte‐Carlo‐type implementation. Ks is treated as a random variable of a bimodal probability density function (PDF), which is the weighted sum of two Gaussian PDFs (accounting for a matrix and a preferential flow domain). The weighing factor α is a function of h, reflecting an increasing risk for preferential flow situations after desiccation and the development of shrinkage cracks. Under‐bund percolation is calculated using transfer functions. The results demonstrate that percolation losses increase in the following order: continuous soil saturation < continuous flooding (CF) < mid‐season drainage and intermittent irrigation (MD + II) < mid‐season drainage and continuous flooding. The bunds contribute up to 54 and 17% to total fluxes under CF and MD + II, respectively. Preferential water fluxes are responsible for the major part of water losses as soon as desiccation causes the formation of shrinkage cracks. As a conclusion, continuous soil saturation should be promoted as the least water‐intensive irrigation regime, while intermittent irrigation is recommended only in case that irreversible shrinkage cracks have already developed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogeneity analysis of Turkish meteorological data set
Authors: Sahin Sinan , Cigizoglu H. Kerem 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe missing value interpolation and homogeneity analysis were performed on the meteorological data of Turkey. The data set has the observations of six variables: the maximum air temperature, the minimum air temperature, the mean air temperature, the total precipitation, the relative humidity and the local pressure of 232 stations for the period 1974–2002. The missing values on the monthly data set were estimated using two methods: the linear regression (LR) and the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Because of higher correlations between test and reference series, EM algorithm results were preferred. The homogeneity analysis was performed on the annual data using a relative test and four absolute homogeneity tests were used for the stations where non‐testable series were found due to the low correlation coefficients between the test and the reference series. A comparison was accomplished by the graphics where relative and absolute tests provided different outcomes. Absolute tests failed to detect the inhomogeneities in the precipitation series at the significance level 1%. Interestingly, most of the inhomogeneities detected on the temperature variables existed in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is considered that theseinhomogeneities were mostly caused by non‐natural effects such as relocation. Because of changes at topography at short distance in this region intensify non‐random characteristics of the temperature series when relocation occurs even in small distances. The marine effect, which causes artifical cooling effect due to sea breezes has important impact on temperature series and the orograhpy allows this impact go through the inner parts in this region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of storm runoff pathways in steep nested catchments draining a Japanese cypress forest in central Japan: a geochemical approach
Authors: Gomi Takashi , Asano Yuko , Uchida Taro , Onda Yuichi , Sidle Roy C. , Miyata Shusuke , Kosugi Ken'ichiro , Mizugaki Shigeru , Fukuyama Taijiro , Fukushima Takehiko 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFlow pathways were examined using both hydrometric observations and geochemical tracers in a 4·9 ha nested Japanese cypress watershed. Hydrometric observations on hillslopes showed measurably significant amounts of overland flow for all types of hillslopes, regardless of the condition of the understorey vegetation. The relationships between small and large plots suggested that all overland flows generated on hillslopes were not transferred to the channels. Storm water chemistry was sampled for storm events with total precipitation >80 mm. On the basis of the final mixing analysis, K+ was used to separate overland flow from other components. The sizes of storm events did not affect the patterns of the flow components separated by δ18O (new water) and K+ (reacted water). On the basis of the hydrograph separation by δ18O, small catchments tended to have smaller old water components regardless of vegetation type, which agreed with the ephemeral nature of flow conditions in these small catchments. Hence, old and new water ratios between small and large catchments were found to vary greatly among storm events. Overland flow contributed up to 30% of storm runoff in specific small catchments with sparse understorey vegetation, whereas overland flow contribution attributed to 1–2% in catchments with fern and shrub vegetation cover. The contributions of overland flow on catchment runoff decreased with increases in the drainage area. The combination of both hydrometric observations and geochemical tracers can facilitate the understanding of the links between hillslopes and streams related to overland flow and material dynamics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transit time distributions of a conceptual model: their characteristics and sensitivities
Authors: Dunn S. M. , Birkel C. , Tetzlaff D. , Soulsby C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe internal behaviour of a conceptual hydrological and tracer transport model, STREAM, has been examined through generation of transit time distributions for the model. The model has been applied to a small sub‐catchment of the Lunan Water in the east of Scotland where daily precipitation and stream water samples have been analysed for isotope content. Transit time distributions are generated by numerically tracking pulse inputs of tracer to the model and evaluating the simulated stream outputs. A set of baseline simulations was first established through calibration to time series of stream flow. A series of model experiments was then undertaken to assess the sensitivity of the simulated transit time distributions to different model parameterizations, flow paths and mixing assumptions. The results of the analysis show that the model transit time distributions do not conform to any simple statistical function and that their characteristics can be significantly altered depending on how the model is set up. The analysis provided valuable insight into the functioning of the model and could be usefully applied to other model codes. Comparison of the transit time distributions generated by conceptual models with data‐based empirical evidence of distributions gives the potential to close the gap in understanding the physical explanation for why catchment systems behave as they do. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Truncation of stream residence time: how the use of stable isotopes has skewed our concept of streamwater age and origin
Authors: Stewart Michael K. , Morgenstern Uwe , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough early studies of streamwater residence time included the use of stable isotopes (deuterium, oxygen‐18) and tritium, work in the last decades has largely relied on stable isotopes (or chloride) alone for residence time determination, and derived scaling relations at the headwater and mesoscale watershed scale. Here, we review critically this trend and point out a significant issue in our field: truncation of stream residence time distributions because of only using stable isotopes. When tritium is used, the age distributions generally have long tails showing that groundwater contributes strongly to many streams, and consequently that the streams access considerably larger volumes of water in their catchments than would be expected from stable isotope data use alone. This shows contaminants can have long retention times in catchments, and has implications for process conceptualization and scale issues of streamflow generation. We review current and past studies of tritium use in watersheds and show how groundwater contributions reflect bedrock geology (using New Zealand as an example). We then discuss implications for watershed hydrology and offer a possible roadmap for future work that includes tritium in a dual isotope framework. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ewing's sarcoma cells with CD57‐associated increase of tumorigenicity and with neural crest‐like differentiation capacity
Authors: Wahl Joachim , Bogatyreva Liubov , Boukamp Petra , Rojewski Markus , van Valen Frans , Fiedler Jörg , Hipp Nora , Debatin Klaus‐Michael , Beltinger Christian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Ewing family of tumors (EFT) is an important group of pediatric malignancies with a guarded prognosis. Little is known about the heterogeneity of EFT cells, and the cellular origin of EFT is disputed. We now add evidence that EFT are heterogeneous by showing that EFT cells from spheres growing in serum‐free medium are markedly more tumorigenic than adherently growing EFT cells. Furthermore, EFT cells strongly expressing CD57 (HNK‐1), a surface marker for migrating and proliferating neural crest cells, are more tumorigenic than cells with low expression of CD57, possibly mediated in part by enhanced adhesion and invasion. We contribute to the controversy about the cellular origin of EFT by clonal analysis, showing that EFT cells can differentiate similar to neural crest cells. These data increase our knowledge about the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of EFT.
Performance of diagnostic mammography differs in the United States and Denmark
Authors: Jensen Allan , Geller Berta M. , Gard Charlotte C. , Miglioretti Diana L. , Yankaskas Bonnie , Carney Patricia A. , Rosenberg Robert D. , Vejborg Ilse , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDiagnostic mammography is the primary imaging modality to diagnose breast cancer. However, few studies have evaluated variability in diagnostic mammography performance in communities, and none has done so between countries. We compared diagnostic mammography performance in community‐based settings in the United States and Denmark. The performance of 93,585 diagnostic mammograms from 180 facilities contributing data to the US Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) from 1999 to 2001 was compared to that of all 51,313 diagnostic mammograms performed at Danish clinics in 2000. We used the imaging workup's final assessment to determine sensitivity, specificity and an estimate of accuracy: area under the receiver‐operating characteristics (ROCs) curve (AUC). Diagnostic mammography had slightly higher sensitivity in the United States (85%) than in Denmark (82%). In contrast, it had higher specificity in Denmark (99%) than in the United States (93%). The AUC was high in both countries: 0.91 in United States and 0.95 in Denmark. Denmark's higher accuracy may result from supplementary ultrasound examinations, which are provided to 74% of Danish women but only 37% to 52% of US women. In addition, Danish mammography facilities specialize in either diagnosis or screening, possibly leading to greater diagnostic mammography expertise in facilities dedicated to symptomatic patients. Performance of community‐based diagnostic mammography settings varied markedly between the 2 countries, indicating that it can be further optimized.
Polaprezinc prevents oral mucositis associated with radiochemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Watanabe Tomoko , Ishihara Masashi , Matsuura Katsuhiko , Mizuta Keisuke , Itoh Yoshinori 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOral mucositis is frequent but serious adverse event associated with radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy in head and neck cancer severely impairs health‐related quality of life, leading to poor prognosis due to discontinuation of the therapy. Although a number of compounds have been tested for prophylaxis of oral mucositis, few of them are satisfactory. We investigated the effect of polaprezinc (zincL‐carnosine), a gastric mucosal protective drug, on radiochemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis, pain, xerostomia and taste disturbance in patients with head and neck cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to receive polaprezinc (n= 16) or azulene oral rinse as the control (n= 15). The incidence rates of mucositis, pain, xerostomia and taste disturbance were all markedly lower in polaprezinc group than in control. Moreover, the use of analgesics was significantly (p= 0.003) less frequent and the amount of food intake was significantly (p= 0.002) higher in polaprezinc group than in control. On the other hand, tumor response rate in patients with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy was not significantly affected by polaprezinc, in which the response rate (complete plus partial response) was 88% for polaprezinc and 92% for control (p= 1.000). Therefore, it is highly assumable that polaprezinc is potentially useful for prevention of oral mucositis and improvement of quality of life without reducing the tumor response.