bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis for V‐BLAST system using OSIC receiver in correlated channel
Authors: Feng Xingle , Sun Zhaoyun , Yang Xiaojun , Liu Long 
Published: October 2010

AbstractVertical‐Bell Labs Layered Space–Time (V‐BLAST) system is an emerging spatial multiplexing scheme that can achieve high spectral efficiency. Ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) detection algorithm is suitable for V‐BLAST system because it can afford a reasonable trade‐off between complexity and performance. However, the correlation of a real‐world wireless channel may result in a substantial degradation of the OSIC performance. In this paper, the performance of OSIC under correlated fading is analyzed. We obtain the closed‐form expression of post‐processing signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for each sub‐stream based on V‐BLAST architecture, and then derive the distribution of post‐processing SNR based on multivariate statistical theory. The upper bound of the average probability of error (APE) is derived by the nearest neighbor union bound theory. From the expression of APE for each sub‐stream, it is shown that the diversity gain at theith processing step is (N−M+i), whereNandMare the number of receive and transmit antennas, respectively. Correlation can decrease the effective post‐processing SNR rather than the diversity gain, and the decreased amount of the effective post‐processing SNR is accurately measured by the corresponding diagonal element of the inverse of the transmit correlation matrix. The optimal ordering can improve the performance and this advantage vanishes gradually as the scattering angle decreases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dermoskeleton morphogenesis in zebrafish fins
Authors: Marí‐Beffa Manuel , Murciano Carmen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractZebrafish fins have a proximal skeleton of endochondral bones and a distal skeleton of dermal bones. Recent experimental and genetic studies are discovering mechanisms to control fin skeleton morphogenesis. Whereas the endochondral skeleton has been extensively studied, the formation of the dermal skeleton requires further revision. The shape of the dermal skeleton of the fin is generated in its distal growing margin and along a proximal growing domain. In these positions, dermoskeletal fin morphogenesis can be explained by intertissue interactions and the function of several genetic pathways. These pathways regulate patterning, size, and cell differentiation along three axes. Finally, a common genetic control of late development, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis of the fin dermoskeleton is currently being analyzed. These pathways may be responsible for the similar shape obtained after each morphogenetic process. This provides an interesting conceptual framework for future studies on this topic. Developmental Dynamics 239:2779–2794, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transitin is required for the differentiation of avian QM7 myoblasts into myotubes
Authors: Jalouli Maroua , Lapierre Louis R. , Guérette Dominique , Blais Karine , Lee Ju‐Ahng , Cole Gregory J. , Vincent Michel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTransitin is a nestin‐like intermediate filament protein co‐expressed with vimentin in the precursor cells of the myogenic and neurogenic lineages of the avian embryo. To understand its role in myogenesis, stable cell lines expressing transitin‐targeted siRNAs were derived from the quail muscle cell line QM7. When cells were cultured in differentiation medium, we found that transitin knockdown prevented myoblast fusion and myotube formation. MyoD mRNA could be detected in transitin siRNA‐transfected cells, but upregulation of myogenin and desmin expression was impaired compared to control cells. In addition, transitin siRNA cells maintain high levels of Pax7 expression suggesting that QM7 myoblasts into which transitin expression has been attenuated display a muscle progenitor cell phenotype (Pax7+/MyoD+/myogenin−/desmin−). These observations indicate that transitin plays an important role in the initiation of the myogenic program in avian muscle progenitor cells in acting downstream of MyoD and upstream of myogenin during the lineage progression. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Developmental Dynamics 239:3038–3047, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summary of ‘Regular treatment with formoterol and inhaled steroids for chronic asthma: serious adverse events’
Authors: Office Evidence‐Based Child Health Editorial 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Cates CJ, Lasserson TJ, Jaeschke R. Regular treatment with formoterol and inhaled steroids for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006924. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006924.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
The Cochrane Library and the Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children: An Overview of Reviews
Authors: Russell Kelly , Chang Anne B. , Foisy Michelle , Thomson Denise , Williams Katrina 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundChronic cough is a universal condition of childhood that affects approximately one in ten children. Chronic cough can be either specific (‘wet’ cough or other symptoms concurrently present) or nonspecific (‘dry’ cough in the absence of other symptoms). Compared to adults, specific and non‐specific chronic cough in children differs in terms of both aetiology and treatment, and the methods used to treat chronic cough in adults may actually be harmful for children.ObjectiveThis overview of reviews synthesizes the evidence currently in the Cochrane Library Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) in order to answer the following question: in the treatment of childhood specific and non‐specific chronic cough, which pharmacologic or non‐pharmacologic treatments improve cough symptoms and decrease adverse events?MethodsThe Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched using the terms ‘specific cough’, ‘non‐specific cough’, ‘moist cough’ and ‘chronic cough’ in the record title for all systematic reviews examining pharmacologic or non‐pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of chronic cough in children. Data were extracted, complied into tables, and synthesized using qualitative and quantitative methods.Main ResultsSix reviews (five on non‐specific cough and one on specific cough) were indentified for inclusion. For non‐specific cough, one review found that very high‐dose inhaled corticosteroids were effective in reducing non‐specific cough (RR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.10, 3.77), but this treatment was not advocated. To date, there is no evidence that anti‐histamines, β2 agonists, gastro‐oesophageal reflux treatments or leukotriene receptor antagonists are efficacious for the treatment of non‐specific chronic cough. For specific cough related to isolated wet cough, there was significant clinical improvement when children were treated with antibiotics (RR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.65, 3.53). Limited data were available for adverse events associated with any of the treatment options.Authors' ConclusionsThe paucity of RCT evidence in the management of children with chronic cough is striking. Five systematic reviews on interventions for non‐specific cough do not support an empirical treatment approach. One systematic review on interventions for specific cough found some support for the use of antibiotics. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Evapotranspiration of mixed shrub communities in phreatophytic zones of the Great Basin region of Nevada (USA)
Authors: Devitt D. A. , Fenstermaker L. F. , Young M. H. , Conrad B. , Baghzouz M. , Bird B. M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this study, evapotranspiration (ET) was estimated for three valleys (White River, Spring Valley and Snake Valley) in the Great Basin region of Nevada (USA) during a 3‐year period. ET estimates were based on an energy balance approach using the eddy covariance (EC) method and were scaled to the basin level by developing empirical relationships between ET and remotely sensed spectral data (Landsat). Annual EC–ET values for the three basins and previously published values attained for the same valleys during the same time period were correlated to average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values for the growing period. Resulting empirical relationships accounted for 97% (p < 0·001) of the variation in the EC–ET estimate for the 10 May–5 September growing period, and 93% (p < 0·001) of the variation in the EC–ET estimates based on measured or projected yearly ET totals.Variations in yearly ET estimates at the different shrubland sites ranged from 20 to 50 cm during the two dry years (2006 and 2007, not including the irrigated site). Winter precipitation was shown to be a significant driving force in the physiological response of the plants and the yearly ET totals. In the case of White River Valley, the ratio of winter precipitation to reference evapotranspiration (ETref) declined from 79 to 11% over the 3‐year monitoring period. Overall, ET rates in 2007 (May–Sept.) were highly correlated with the percentage cover of greasewood at the monitoring sites (R2 = 0·96***), regardless of the depth to groundwater. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functionalization of (2S)‐Isopropyl‐5‐iodo‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(H)‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones by a Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction Using Aryltrifluoroborate Salts: Convenient Enantioselective Preparation of α‐Substituted β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Stefani Hélio A. , Amaral Monica F. Z. J. , Reyes‐Rangel Gloria , Vargas‐Caporali Jorge , Juaristi Eusebio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA simple protocol for the Pd(OAc)2‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of 1‐benzoyl‐(2S)‐isopropyl‐5‐iodo‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(H)‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones with potassium aryltrifluoroborates was developed. The reaction is performed at 110 °C with a ligand‐free catalyst. In all cases, complete conversion of the 1‐benzoyl‐(2S)‐isopropyl‐5‐iodo‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(H)‐pyrimidin‐4‐onesand aryltrifluoroborates into the C–C coupling products was observed within 30–360 min. It is noteworthy that a largevariety of groups present in the potassium aryltrifluoroborates (–CF3, –OMe, –SEt, –CN, –CHO, –Cl, –Cbz, –NCbz,–OH, –CO2H) could be tolerated. Hydrogenation of the endocyclic double bonds in the Suzuki–Miyaura products followed by acid hydrolysis afforded highly enantioenrichedα‐aryl‐substituted β‐amino acids.
Acetic acid denaturing pulsed field capillary electrophoresis for RNA separation
Authors: Li Zhenqing , Dou Xiaoming , Ni Yi , Sumitomo Keiko , Yamaguchi Yoshinori 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBased on our previous work of in‐capillary denaturing polymer electrophoresis, we present a study of RNA molecular separation up to 6.0 kilo nucleotide by pulsed field CE. This is the first systematic investigation of electrophoresis of a larger molecular mass RNA in linear hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) under pulsed field conditions. The parameters that may influence the separation performance, e.g. gel polymer concentration, modulation depth and pulse frequency, are analyzed in terms of resolution and mobility. For denaturing and separating RNA in the capillary simultaneously, 2 M acetic acid was added into the HEC polymer to serve as separation buffer. Result shows that (i) in pulsed field conditions, RNA separation can be achieved in a wide range of concentration of HEC polymer, and RNA fragments between 0.3 and 0.6 kilo nucleotide are sensitive to the polymer concentration; (ii) under certain pulsed field conditions, RNA fragments move linearly as the modulation depth increases; (iii) 12.5 Hz is the resonance frequency for RNA reorientation time and applied frequency.
Biosystems analysis and engineering of microbial consortia for industrial biotechnology
Authors: Sabra Wael , Dietz David , Tjahjasari Donna , Zeng An‐Ping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe development of industrial biotechnology for an economical and ecological conversion of renewable materials into chemicals and fuels requires new strategies and concepts for bioprocessing. Biorefinery has been proposed as one of the key concepts with the aim of completely utilizing the substrate(s) and producing multiple products in one process or at one production site. In this article, we argue that microbial consortia can play an essential role to this end. To illustrate this, we first briefly describe some examples of existing industrial bioprocesses involving microbial consortia. New bioprocesses under development which make use of the advantages of microbial consortia are then introduced. Finally, we address some of the key issues and challenges for the analysis and engineering of bioprocesses involving microbial consortia from a perspective of biosystems engineering.
Isomer-specific accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate in the liver of chicken embryos exposed in ovo to a technical mixture
Authors: O'Brien Jason M , Kennedy Sean W , Chu Shaogang , Letcher Robert J 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Prior to its recent phaseout, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was produced by electrochemical fluorination processes, which yielded technical mixtures composed of linear isomer (∼65–79%) and several branched isomers (∼21–35%). Because PFOS can biomagnify in wildlife, birds that occupy higher trophic levels are at increased risk of exposure. We hypothesized that the pharmacokinetic properties of PFOS are isomer-specific in developing chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos exposed to technical grade PFOS (T-PFOS). In the present study, T-PFOS was composed of 62.7% linear isomer (L-PFOS), and 37.3% branched isomer, including six mono(trifluoromethyl)-branched isomers and four bis(trifluoromethyl)-branched isomers. Concentrations of 0.1, 5, or 100 µg/g of T-PFOS were injected into the air cell of chicken eggs prior to incubation. After pipping, compared with T-PFOS, the PFOS isomer profile in embryonic liver tissue for the 0.1 µg/g dose group showed 21% enrichment in the proportion of L-PFOS with a corresponding decrease in the proportion of branched isomers. Not all branched isomers were discriminated against at equal rates. The proportion of two mono(trifluoromethyl)-branched isomers and three bis(trifluoromethyl)-branched isomers decreased to a greater degree than other branched isomers. In contrast, the mono-branched isomer, P6MHpS, was overrepresented in the low-dose group. In the higher dose groups, L-PFOS was still enriched but only by approximately 10%, which indicated a dose-dependent change in isomer composition relative to T-PFOS. These results show that accumulation of PFOS in chicken embryo livers is dependent on the presence and position of branches on the alkyl backbone. This supports the hypothesis that the pharmacokinetics of PFOS are isomer-specific in biota, and may help explain why wildlife PFOS burdens are dominated by L-PFOS relative to T-PFOS mixtures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:226–231. © 2010 SETAC
mRNA Expression and activity of ion-transporting proteins in gills of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus: Effects of waterborne copper
Authors: Martins Camila M. G , Almeida Daniela Volcan , Marins Luis Fernando Fernandes , Bianchini Adalto 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Waterborne Cu effects on the transcription of genes encoding ion-transporting proteins and the activities of these proteins were evaluated in gills of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus acclimated to diluted (2‰) and full (30‰) seawater. Crabs were exposed (96 h) to an environmentally relevant concentration of dissolved Cu (0.78 µM) and had their posterior (osmoregulating) gills dissected for enzymatic and molecular analysis. Endpoints analyzed were the activity of key enzymes involved in crab osmoregulation (sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase [Na+/K+-ATPase], hydrogen adenosine triphosphatase [H+-ATPase], and carbonic anhydrase [CA]) and the mRNA expression of genes encoding these enzymes and the sodium-potassium-chloride (Na+/K+/2Cl−) cotransporter. Copper effects were observed only in crabs acclimated to diluted seawater (hyperosmoregulating crabs) and were associated with an inhibition of the expression of mRNA of genes encoding the Na+/K+-ATPase and the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter. However, Cu did not affect Na+/K+-ATPase activity, indicating that the gene transcription is downregulated before a significant inhibition of the enzyme activity can be observed. This also suggests the existence of a compensatory response of this enzyme to prevent osmoregulatory disturbances after short-term exposure to environmentally relevant Cu concentrations. These findings suggest that Cu is a potential ionoregulatory toxicant in blue crabs C. sapidus acclimated to low salinity. The lack of Cu effect on blue crabs acclimated to full seawater would be due to the reduced ion uptake needed for the regulation of the hemolymph osmotic concentration in full seawater (30‰). Also, this could be explained considering the lower bioavailability of toxic Cu (free ion) associated with the higher ionic content and dissolved organic matter concentration in high salinity (30‰) than in diluted seawater (2‰). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:206–211. © 2010 SETAC
Extraordinary stability of copper(I)–tetrathiomolybdate complexes: Possible implications for aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Helz George R , Erickson Britt E 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
An extraordinary affinity of MoS 42− for Cu accounts for Mo-induced Cu deficiency in ruminants (molybdenosis) and offers an approach to treating Wilson's disease in humans. Evidence of thiomolybdates in sulfidic natural waters, and possibly even as metastable traces in oxic natural waters, raises the question of how Cu–Mo affinity might affect Cu availability or toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. Stabilities of inorganic Cu–MoS 42− complexes are characterized and quantified here for the first time. Two remarkably stable CuI dissolved complexes are identified (T = 23°C ± 2°C): Cu2(HS)2MoS 42− and Cu2S2MoS 44−. In addition, the solubility constant for a precipitate (NH4CuMoS4) was measured. Under the extremely reducing conditions in rumen fluids, these complexes will greatly suppress Cu+ activity, supporting prior conclusions about the mechanism of molybdenosis. In sulfidic natural waters, they help to prevent complete Cu impoverishment, as might otherwise occur by sulfide mineral precipitation. On the other hand, the complexes discovered here are HS−-dependent and could not be important in oxic natural waters (with HS− concentrations &lt; 10−9 M) even if metastable, biogenic MoS 42− indeed were present as previously conjectured. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:97–102. © 2010 SETAC
Characterizing dynamic behavior of PMUs using step signals
Authors: Ren J. , Kezunovic M. , Stenbakken G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEvaluating performance of PMUs to verify the consistency of phasor measurements is of a great importance since it promotes the interoperability among PMUs from different manufacturers. This paper presents a set of test methodology and tools for evaluating the dynamic performance of PMUs when exposed to a step change of input signals. A phasor estimation scheme is proposed to achieve high accuracy of reference phasors. An interleaving technique applied on output phasors can equivalently increase the reporting rate and can precisely depict the transient behavior of a PMU under the step input. Four types of tests with balanced and unbalanced three‐phase step signals are performed as reference signals to characterize the step responses. Three commercial PMUs are selected to perform step tests using the dynamic test system developed at NIST. A set of programs are developed based the dynamic test system to automate step test procedures. The test results are outlined at the end. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shear effect on square cylinder wake transition characteristics
Authors: Lankadasu A. , Vengadesan S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe transition of square cylinder wake flow from two‐dimensional (2‐D) to three‐dimensional (3‐D) when inflow is subjected to linear shear is examined numerically. The value of the non‐dimensional shear parameter (K) considered in this study are 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2. The range of Reynolds number (Re) defined based on the centerline velocity and cylinder width is from Re = 150 to 700. The transition of the wake flow from 2‐D laminar to 3‐D is marked by streamwise vortical structures. Unlike in uniform flow, in shear flow the transition is characterized by single mode of spanwise wavelength. The critical Reynolds number (Recrit), at which the transition from 2‐D to 3‐D occurs, is less in case of shear flow. The magnitude of the mean lift coefficient increases with increasing shear parameter on the positive side. The strength of the Karman vortices on the top side is higher and on the bottom side is lower when compared with the same in the uniform flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in the simulation of multi‐fluid flows with the particle finite element method. Application to bubble dynamics
Authors: Mier‐Torrecilla M. , Idelsohn S. R. , Oñate E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this work, we extend the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) to multi‐fluid flow problems with the aim of exploiting the fact that Lagrangian methods are specially well suited for tracking interfaces. We develop a numerical scheme able to deal with large jumps in the physical properties, included surface tension, and able to accurately represent all types of discontinuities in the flow variables. The scheme is based on decoupling the velocity and pressure variables through a pressure segregation method that takes into account the interface conditions. The interface is defined to be aligned with the moving mesh, so that it remains sharp along time, and pressure degrees of freedom are duplicated at the interface nodes to represent the discontinuity of this variable due to surface tension and variable viscosity. Furthermore, the mesh is refined in the vicinity of the interface to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of the computations.We apply the resulting scheme to the benchmark problem of a two‐dimensional bubble rising in a liquid column presented in Hysing et al. (International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 2009; 60: 1259–1288), and propose two breakup and coalescence problems to assess the ability of a multi‐fluid code to model topology changes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.