bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mehr als gewohnt. Stadtteile machen sich stark für die Gesundheitsförderung von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Böhme Christa , Reimann Bettina 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Armut ist ein Gesundheitsrisiko. Menschen mit geringem Einkommen, niedrigem Berufs- oder Bildungsstatus leiden häufiger an gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen, wobei Kinder und Jugendliche hiervon besonders betroffen sind. Obwohl sich diese Belastungen in sozial benachteiligten Stadtteilen konzentrieren, steckt die gesundheitsfördernde Stadtteilentwicklung noch in den Kinderschuhen. Stadtteilentwicklung und Gesundheitsförderung müssen daher - mit besonderem Augenmerk auf junge Menschen - stärker als bisher verknüpft werden.
Making room at the table: Incorporation of foreign workers in Israel
Authors: Harper Robin A , Zubida Hani 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In this article, we explore how foreign workers’ presence is redefining the identity borders of Israeli society and the challenges posed to Israeliness by the inclusion of first, 1.5 and second generation foreign workers in the Israeli polity. We explore how these migrants perceive life in Israel, their own and their children‘s identities, prospects for incorporation and permanence and intersections between Israeliness and Jewishness. To inform our analysis, we conducted interviews in winter 2010 with 22 foreign workers who are first generation; about half are parents of children in Israel. Our analysis reveals that foreign workers seek acceptance into the Israeli polity, especially for their children who have been socialized into Israeli life and that their potential inclusion has real implications for the understanding of what it means to be Israeli.
Highly-skilled ‘guest-workers’ in the UK: Implications for ‘citizenship’ in naturalisation policy and integration policy
Authors: Kiwan Dina 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Guestworker programmes have typically referred to programmes of a temporary nature, where guests are not integrated into the state, but are expected to leave (Hahamovitch, 2003). Critics argue that such programmes are discriminatory, and that long-term membership in a society should entitle such workers to the legal rights of membership, including citizenship (Carens, 2008). The UK's programme for highly-skilled migrants, introduced in 2008, is part of a five-tier points-based immigration system. It allows highly-skilled individuals to immigrate to the UK, initially for one year, without sponsorship from an employer, and on securing employment, this stay can be extended with subsequent entitlement to apply for British citizenship after five years. I examine the requirements and entitlements for these guestworkers, in relation to naturalisation and integration policy. I argue that a ‘moral’ conception of citizenship is invoked on economic grounds. Also, ‘integration’ is narrowly conceived in terms of the assumed unskilled or semi-skilled migrant's knowledge and skills ‘deficit’, rather than in terms of the integration of ‘highly-skilled’ guestworkers. Finally, I argue that methodologically, we cannot make judgements on either the economic validity, or the fairness of this programme without considering the managed migration system as a whole, integrated system of unskilled, semi-skilled as well as highly-skilled guestworkers.
‘Your astronomers and ours differ exceedingly’: the controversy over the ‘new star’ of 1572 in the light of a newly discovered text by Thomas Digges
Authors: PUMFREY STEPHEN 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article presents evidence that an anonymous publication of 1573, aLetter sent by a gentleman of England [concerning …] the myraculous starre nowe shyning, was written by Thomas Digges, England's first Copernican. It tells the story of how it arose out of research commissioned by Elizabeth I's privy counsellors in response to the conventional argument of Jean Gosselin, librarian to Henri III of France, that the star was a comet which presaged wars. The text is significant because it seems to contain the observations and opinions that Digges held before he completed his other astronomical treatise, the groundbreakingAlae seu scalae mathematicae. It also casts some light on the development of Digges's radical and puritan views about the star, Copernican astronomy, the infinity of the universe and a belief that the ‘latter days’ of the world had arrived.
Numerical analysis of double layers in the downward current region of the aurora
Authors: LIU SANQIU , LIAO JINGJING 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOn the basis of two magneto-fluid model for two time-scales, the evolution of double layer in the downward current region of the aurora is numerically simulated under the non-static limit case. The results show that localized drop in density owing to collapsed high-frequency field can lead to the formation of double layer. The amplitude of the double layer is the order of the electron temperature, and the ramp potential is up to 36 V localized to tens of Debye lengths, which is around 100–200 m. These are consistent with the measurements in both the ramp potential and thickness by the Fast Auroral SnapshoT satellite in the downward current region of the aurora.
Using Identity and Recognition as a Framework to Understand and Promote the Resilience of Caregiving Children in Western Kenya
Authors: SKOVDAL MORTEN , ANDREOULI ELENI 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChildren around the world have been observed to assume caregiving responsibilities when a parent or other family members fall ill. Whilst the circumstances surrounding caregiving children in Anglophone countries have been looked at in detail, we know relatively little about how children in Africa experience young caregiving. This paper seeks to further our understanding of caregiving children in Africa by looking at how local constructions of childhood can facilitate their agency and resilience, paying particular attention to the role of identity and recognition. The study involved 48 caregiving children from Western Kenya who through individual interviews, photography and draw-and-write compositions articulated their experiences. The views of ten local adults have also been included. A thematic analysis revealed that caregiving children in Kenya are active participants in community life. Their participation is encouraged by local understandings of childhood and recognition of their efforts, enabling the children to construct positive identities that enhance their resilience. The paper argues that the way in which caregiving children in Kenya respond to their circumstances is influenced by a social recognition of their activities and agency. This recognition, mediated by local representations of childhood, allows the children to construct positive social identities that facilitate resilience. We conclude that there is a need for policy and practice on young caregiving, in all countries and contexts, to consider the role of social recognition and local constructions of childhood in shaping the resilience of caregiving children.
Lower bounds for Clifford indices in rank three
Authors: LANGE H. , NEWSTEAD P. E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractClifford indices for semistable vector bundles on a smooth projective curve of genus at least 4 were defined in previous papers by the authors. In this paper, we establish lower bounds for the Clifford indices for rank 3 bundles. As a consequence we show that, on smooth plane curves of degree at least 10, there exist non-generated bundles of rank 3 computing one of the Clifford indices.
Factors influencing success among collaborative sage-grouse management groups in the western United States
Authors: BELTON LORIEN R. , JACKSON-SMITH DOUGLAS 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYConsiderable efforts have been put into collaborative conservation efforts across the globe. In the western USA, concern about declines of two sage-grouse species (Centrocercus urophasianusandC. minimus) has led to the creation of over 60 collaborative wildlife management partnership groups to develop and implement local sage-grouse management plans. These sage-grouse local working groups (LWGs) share a common goal, information, and policy environment, but were implemented in diverse ways. As a result, they provide a rare opportunity to study systematically the impact of contextual, organizational, institutional and process factors on local collaborative group success. Data from document reviews and an extensive survey of over 700 group participants from 53 sage-grouse LWGs were used to assess the success of this collaborative conservation effort and identify those group attributes that were related to successful implementation and funding of projects. Specifically, external, internal and emergent group characteristics were considered as likely predictors of LWG implementation success. The LWGs varied broadly in their achievements. The presence of a neutral facilitator, participants' feelings of ownership, groups whose local plans had more authority and early-stage group successes were significantly related to implementation success at the group level.
Effects of fixational saccades on response timing in macaque lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: SAUL ALAN B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEven during active fixation, small eye movements persist that might be expected to interfere with vision. Numerous brain mechanisms probably contribute to discounting this jitter. Changes in the timing of responses in the visual thalamus associated with fixational saccades are considered in this study. Activity of single neurons in alert monkey lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) was recorded during fixation while pseudorandom visual noise stimuli were presented. The position of the stimulus on the display monitor was adjusted based on eye position measurements to control for changes in retinal locations due to eye movements. A method for extracting nonstationary first-order response mechanisms was applied, so that changes around the times of saccades could be observed. Saccade-related changes were seen in both amplitude and timing of geniculate responses. Amplitudes were greatly reduced around saccades. Timing was retarded slightly during a window of about 200 ms around saccades. That is, responses became more sustained. These effects were found in both parvocellular and magnocellular neurons. Timing changes in LGN might play a role in maintaining cortical responses to visual stimuli in the presence of eye movements, compensating for the spatial shifts caused by saccades via these shifts in timing.
Physiologic Studies Provide New Perspectives on Early Speech Development
Authors: Wilson Erin M. , Nip Ignatius S. B. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Although certain speech development milestones are readily observable, the developmental course of speech motor control is largely unknown. However, recent advances in facial motion tracking systems have been used to investigate articulator movements in children and the findings from these studies are being used to further our understanding of the physiologic basis of typical and disordered speech development. Physiologic work has revealed that the emergence of speech is highly dependent on the lack of flexibility in the early oromotor system. It also has been determined that the progression of speech motor development is non-linear, a finding that has motivated researchers to investigate how variables such as oromotor control, cognition, and linguistic factors affect speech development in the form of catalysts and constraints. Physiologic data are also being used to determine if non-speech oromotor behaviors play a role in the development of speech. This improved understanding of the physiology underlying speech, as well as the factors influencing its progression, helps inform our understanding of speech motor control in children with disordered speech and provide a framework for theory-driven therapeutic approaches to treatment.
Photophysical Properties of Terbium Molecular‐based Hybrids Assembled with Novel Ureasil Linkages
Authors: Yan Bing , Qiao Xiao‐Fei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThree silica‐based organic–inorganic hybrid systems composed of hydroxyl aromatic derivatives (2‐acetylphenol [HAP], 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbenzoic acid [HMBA], 3‐hydroxy‐meta‐phthalic acid [HMPHTH] complexes) were prepared via a sol–gel process. The active hydroxyl groups of the three ligands grafted by 3‐(triethoxysilyl)‐propyl isocyanate (TESPIC) through hydrogen transfer addition reaction were used as multi‐functional bridge components, which can coordinate to Tb3+ with carbonyl groups, strongly absorb ultraviolet light and effectively transfer energy to Tb3+ through their triplet excited state, as well as undergo polymerization or crosslinking reactions with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), for anchoring terbium ions to silica backbone. NMR, FT‐IR, UV–vis absorption, luminescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the obtained hybrid material. UV excitation in the organic component resulted in strong green emission from Tb3+ ions due to an efficient ligand‐to‐metal energy transfer mechanism.
Intracellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag and GagPol products and virus particle release: relationship with the Gag‐to‐GagPol ratio
Authors: Haraguchi Hiyori , Sudo Sho , Noda Takeshi , Momose Fumitaka , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Morikawa Yuko 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gag precursor protein is cleaved by viral protease (PR) within GagPol precursor protein to produce the mature matrix (MA), capsid, nucleocapsid, and p6 domains. This processing is termed maturation and required for HIV infectivity. In order to understand the intracellular sites and mechanisms of HIV maturation, HIV molecular clones in which Gag and GagPol were tagged with FLAG and hemagglutinin epitope sequences at the C‐termini, respectively were made. When coexpressed, both Gag and GagPol were incorporated into virus particles. Temporal analysis by confocal microscopy showed that Gag and GagPol were relocated from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. Mature cleaved MA was observed only at sites on the plasma membrane where both Gag and GagPol had accumulated, indicating that Gag processing occurs during Gag/GagPol assembly at the plasma membrane, but not during membrane trafficking. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging suggested that these were the primary sites of GagPol dimerization. In contrast, with overexpression of GagPol alone an absence of particle release was observed, and this was associated with diffuse distribution of mature cleaved MA throughout the cytoplasm. Alteration of the Gag‐to‐GagPol ratio similarly impaired virus particle release with aberrant distributions of mature MA in the cytoplasm. However, when PR was inactive, it seemed that the Gag‐to‐GagPol ratio was not critical for virus particle release but virus particles encasing unusually large numbers of GagPol molecules were produced, these particles displaying aberrant virion morphology. Taken together, it was concluded that the Gag‐to‐GagPol ratio has significant impacts on either intracellular distributions of mature cleaved MA or the morphology of virus particles produced.
Efficient propagation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy‐type JC virus in COS‐7‐derived cell lines stably expressing Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Authors: Nukuzuma Souichi , Nakamichi Kazuo , Kameoka Masanori , Sugiura Shigeki , Nukuzuma Chiyoko , Miyoshi Isao , Takegami Tsutomu 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe high incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS patients compared with many other immunosuppressive diseases suggests that HIV‐1 infection is strictly related to the activation of JC virus (JCV) propagation. In this report, propagation of PML‐type JCV in COS‐7‐derived cell lines stably expressing HIV‐1 Tat (COS‐tat cells) has been examined. In COS‐tat cells, production of viral particles and replication of genomic DNA were markedly increased compared to COS‐7 cells, as judged by HA and real‐time PCR analyses. These results demonstrate that COS‐tat cells provide a useful model system for studying HIV‐1 Tat‐mediated propagation of PML‐type JCV.
Deficiencies in fat‐soluble vitamins in long‐term users of somatostatin analogue
Authors: Fiebrich H.‐B. , Van Den Berg G. , Kema I. P. , Links T. P. , Kleibeuker J. H. , Van Beek A. P. , Walenkamp A. M. E. , Sluiter W. J. , De Vries E. G. E. 
Published: October 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1398–1404SummaryBackground  Somatostatin analogues are administered to control hormone hypersecretion in acromegaly and carcinoid patients. Somatostatin analogues can increase fat in the stools, which can lead to loss of fat‐soluble vitamins. The effect of long‐term somatostatin analogue use on vitamin levels remains unknown.Aim  To investigate the prevalence of fat‐soluble vitamin deficiencies in long‐term somatostatin analogue users.Methods  All acromegaly and carcinoid patients using somatostatin analogues for ≥ 18 months visiting the University Medical Center Groningen between December 2008 and April 2009 were eligible. Vitamin levels of fat‐soluble vitamins in blood, clinical and vitamin‐dependent laboratory parameters were collected.Results  In all, 19 acromegaly and 35 carcinoid patients were included. Twelve patients experienced steatorrhoea; two carcinoid patients experienced night blindness. Forty‐two (78%) were deficient for one or more vitamins, and 32% (n = 17) had multiple deficiencies. Deficiencies for vitamin A, D, E, K1 and E in erythrocytes occurred in 6%, 28%, 15%, 63% and 58% of the patients. Prevalence of vitamin D, E and K1 deficiencies was similar in both patient groups. Treatment duration did not influence vitamin levels. The length of intestinal resection and age correlated negatively with vitamin A levels.Conclusions  Fat‐soluble vitamin deficiencies are frequent during long‐term somatostatin analogue treatment. Therefore, fat‐soluble vitamins should be monitored in these patients.
A new composite model including metabolic syndrome, alanine aminotransferase and cytokeratin‐18 for the diagnosis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in morbidly obese patients
Authors: Anty R. , Iannelli A. , Patouraux S. , Bonnafous S. , Lavallard V. J. , Senni‐Buratti M. , Ben Amor I. , Staccini‐Myx A. , Saint‐Paul M.‐C. , Berthier F. , Huet P.‐M. , Le Marchand‐Brustel Y. , Gugenheim J. , Gual P. , Tran A. 
Published: October 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1315–1322SummaryBackground  Non‐invasive approaches are useful to differentiate simple steatosis from non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in obese and morbidly obese patients.Aim  To develop a new scoring system to diagnose definitive NASH.Methods  Preoperative clinical and biological data including serum caspase 3‐generated cytokeratin‐18 fragments (CK18) and surgical liver biopsies were obtained from 464 morbidly obese patients who had undergone bariatric surgery. The cohort was divided into two groups: training group (n = 310) and validation group (n = 154). Definitive NASH was defined according to Kleiner’s classification with a Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease Activity Score (NAS) ≥5.Results  Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), CK18 fragments and the presence of metabolic syndrome were independent predictors for discriminating patients with NAS ≥5 in the training group. These three parameters were used to carry out a scoring system for the prediction of NAS ≥5. Whereas serum CK18 fragment alone had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve = 0.74, AUROC curves of the scoring system were 0.88 and 0.83 in the training group and the validation group, respectively.Conclusion  A simple and non‐invasive composite model (the Nice Model) including metabolic syndrome, ALT and CK18 fragments is able to predict accurately a non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score ≥5 in morbidly obese subjects.
Noribogaine, but not 18‐MC, exhibits similar actions as ibogaine on GDNF expression and ethanol self‐administration
Authors: Carnicella Sebastien , He Dao‐Yao , Yowell Quinn V. , Glick Stanley D , Ron Dorit 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIbogaine is a naturally occurring alkaloid that has been reported to decrease various adverse phenotypes associated with exposure to drugs of abuse and alcohol in human and rodent models. Unfortunately, ibogaine cannot be used as a medication to treat addiction because of severe side effects. Previously, we reported that the desirable actions of ibogaine to reduce self‐administration of, and relapse to, alcohol consumption are mediated via the upregulation of the expression of the glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), and the consequent activation of the GDNF pathway. The ibogaine metabolite, noribogaine, and a synthetic derivative of ibogaine, 18‐Methoxycoronaridine (18‐MC), possess a similar anti‐addictive profile as ibogaine in rodent models, but without some of its adverse side effects. Here, we determined whether noribogaine and/or 18‐MC, like ibogaine, increaseGDNFexpression, and whether their site of action to reduce alcohol consumption is the VTA. We used SH‐SY5Y cells as a cell culture model and found that noribogaine, like ibogaine, but not 18‐MC, induces a robust increase inGDNFmRNA levels. Next, we tested the effect of intra‐VTA infusion of noribogaine and 18‐MC on rat operant alcohol self‐administration and found that noribogaine, but not 18‐MC, in the VTA decreases responding for alcohol. Together, our results suggest that noribogaine and 18‐MC have different mechanisms and sites of action.
Use of the donor bladder trigone to facilitate pediatric en bloc kidney transplantation
Authors: Flechner Stuart M. , Saad Ismail R. , Tiong Ho Y. , Rabets John , Krishnamurthi Venkatesh 
Published: October 2010

Flechner SM, Saad IR, Tiong HY, Rabets J, Krishnamurthi V. Use of the donor bladder trigone to facilitate pediatric en bloc kidney transplantation. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15:53–57. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  We performed three cases of donor bladder trigone facilitated transplantation using pediatric en bloc kidneys into adult recipients. The donors were aged 11, 21, and 23 months; two of the donors were male, and the other was a female. In each case, the donor bladder was removed and the trigone was fashioned into a patch that contained both ureters, which was attached to the recipient anterior bladder wall. The recipients of the two male donor transplants healed and have normal voiding with no evidence of vesico‐ureteral reflux. At 14 and 12 months, they have a creatinine of 1.2 and 1.0 mg/dL. The recipient of the female donor transplant developed a pelvic abscess, which necessitated reconstruction of the donor ureters and patch. She is now nine months with a creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL and voiding well. The use of the donor bladder trigone to facilitate pediatric en bloc transplantation can be carried out safely using the male donor urinary tract. However, the use of a female donor for this procedure may be a special circumstance requiring increased attention to sterilize the small donor introitus and avoiding devascularization of the bladder trigone that is adherent to the anterior vaginal wall.