bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Microgel for Electrochemical Sensing of 2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol
Authors: Díaz‐Díaz Goretti , Blanco‐López M. Carmen , Lobo‐Castañón M. Jesús , Miranda‐Ordieres Arturo J. , Tuñón‐Blanco Paulino 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis and characterization of a catalytic 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol molecularly imprinted microgel that could replace a natural chloroperoxidase to develop electrochemical sensors. This polymer exhibits an apparent mean particle size of 1–4 µm and high porosity, and mimics the dehalogenative function of the natural enzyme chloroperoxidase for p‐halophenols. Two strategies were explored: a carbon paste modified with the polymer and the drop‐coating of screen‐printed electrodes with powder suspensions of the polymer and carbon nanotubes. With this last design, TCP concentrations above 25 µM could be detected. The sensor developed this way could be used for environmental waste screening.
Electrophoretically deposited polyaniline nanotubes based film for cholesterol detection
Authors: Dhand Chetna , Solanki Pratima R. , Pandey Manoj K. , Datta Monika , Malhotra Bansi D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPolyaniline nanotube (PANI‐NT) based films have been fabricated onto indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) coated glass plates via electrophoretic technique. These PANI‐NT/ITO electrodes have been utilized for covalent immobilization of cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) using glutaraldehyde (Glu) as cross‐linker. Structural, morphological and electrochemical characterization of PANI‐NT/ITO electrode and ChOx/Glu/PANI‐NT/ITO bioelectrode have been done using FT‐IR spectroscopy, SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Response studies of the ChOx/Glu/PANI‐NT/ITO bioelectrode have been carried out using both linear sweep voltammetry and UV‐Visible spectrophotometry. The results of the biosensing studies reveal that this bioelectrode can be used to detect cholesterol in wide detection range of 25–500 mg/dL with high sensitivity of 3.36 mA mg−1 dL and fast response time of 30 s at pH 7.4. This bioelectrode exhibits very low value of Michaelis–Menten constant of 1.18 mM indicating enhanced interactions between cholesterol and ChOx immobilized onto this nanostructured PANI matrix.
Step width, spacing, and resolution in gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis. Part 1. Theory and comparison with zone electrophoresis
Authors: Ross David 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) is a recently described technique for electrophoretic separations in short capillaries or microchannels. With GEMBE, the electrophoretic migration of analytes is opposed by a bulk counterflow of separation buffer. The counterflow velocity is varied over the course of a separation so that analytes with different mobilities enter the separation channel at different times and are detected as moving boundary, step‐wise increases in the detector response. The resolution of a GEMBE separation is thus dependent on the rate at which the counterflow velocity is varied, and relatively high‐resolution separations can be performed with short microfluidic channels or capillaries. In this paper, a theoretical description of GEMBE is presented that can be used for calculation of expected resolution and for optimization of GEMBE separations. A comparison is made with CZE, a conventional electrophoretic separation technique for which the theoretical understanding is mature. The results indicate that the electric field strength and separation channel length are important parameters for both CZE and GEMBE. However, with GEMBE, the counterflow acceleration is also available as a parameter that can be easily adjusted for optimization of the trade‐off between resolution and separation time. This allows for optimization of GEMBE separations by making changes only to the software controlling the apparatus rather than to the hardware of the apparatus itself. Further comparison of the theoretical descriptions of GEMBE and CZE indicates that the time required to achieve a desired resolution is equivalent for the two techniques.
Step width, spacing, and resolution in gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis. Part 2. Results from experiment
Authors: Ross David 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn Part 1 of this work, a theoretical description of gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) is presented along with a comparison between GEMBE and the more conventional technique of CZE. In this second part, experimental results are presented for comparison with the theoretical predictions of Part 1. Results for the step width, spacing, and resolution are examined as a function of the salient parameters affecting the results of a GEMBE separation (starting pressure, counterflow acceleration, and electric field strength).
Establishment of an ectopically expressed and functional PRMT1 for proteomic analysis of arginine‐methylated proteins
Authors: Chang Yuan‐I , Lin Sheng‐Wei , Chiou Yi‐Ying , Sung Jung‐Sung , Cheng Lee‐Chun , Lu Yu‐Ling , Sun Kuang‐Hui , Chang Keejong , Lin Chao‐Hsiung , Lin Wey‐Jinq 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProtein arginine methylation, catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), plays crucial roles in a variety of cellular processes. Mammalian PRMT1 exists in a large protein complex in cells, which has been implied in modulating the regulatory and catalytic properties of this enzyme. Establishment of a mammalian comparative approach will help to identify putative substrates of PRMT1 in an authentic condition. Here, we showed that ectopically expressed PRMT1 in mammalian HEK293 cells not only exhibited catalytic properties comparable to the endogenous enzyme but also existed in a functional complex together with endogenous PRMT1 and thus functioned as an endogenous counterpart. In addition, the measured methylation level of cellular proteins using a tritium‐labeled methyl donor was accordingly enhanced upon ectopic expression of PRMT1. Subsequent proteomic analysis with such PRMT1‐expressing cells allowed us to identify several known and putative methylated proteins. In vitro methylation of selected proteins, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A‐I and vimentin, by cellular PRMT1 was shown. Together, we have demonstrated the functional equivalence of ectopically expressed PRMT1 in HEK293 cells and its application to systematically identify the substrate proteins in a mammalian cell context.
Electrothermal flow effects in insulating (electrodeless) dielectrophoresis systems
Authors: Hawkins Benjamin G. , Kirby Brian J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe simulate electrothermally induced flow in polymeric, insulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) systems with DC‐offset, AC electric fields at finite thermal Péclet number, and we identify key regimes where electrothermal (ET) effects enhance particle deflection and trapping. We study a single, two‐dimensional constriction in channel depth with parametric variations in electric field, channel geometry, fluid conductivity, particle electrophoretic (EP) mobility, and channel electroosmotic (EO) mobility. We report the effects of increasing particle EP mobility, channel EO mobility, and AC and DC field magnitudes on the mean constriction temperature and particle behavior. Specifically, we quantify particle deflection and trapping, referring to the deviation of particles from their pathlines due to dielectrophoresis as they pass a const riction and the stagnation of particles due to negative dielectrophoresis near a constriction, respectively. This work includes the coupling between fluid, heat, and electromagnetic phenomena via temperature‐dependent physical parameters. Results indicate that the temperature distribution depends strongly on the fluid conductivity and electric field magnitude, and particle deflection and trapping depend strongly on the channel geometry. Electrothermal (ET) effects perturb the EO flow field, creating vorticity near the channel constriction and enhancing the deflection and trapping effects. ET effects alter particle deflection and trapping responses in insulator‐based dielectrophoresis devices, especially at intermediate device aspect ratios (2≤r≤7) in solutions of higher conductivity (σm≥1×10−3 S/m). The impact of ET effects on particle deflection and trapping are diminished when particle EP mobility or channel EO mobility is high. In almost all cases, ET effects enhance negative dielectrophoretic particle deflection and trapping phenomena.
Predicting the Direction of the Fed's Target Rate
Authors: Kauppi Heikki 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTPredicting the direction of central banks' target interest rates is important for various market participants. This paper advances procedures for predicting the direction of the federal funds target rate using a dynamic extension of the multinomial logit model. I find that the 6‐month Treasury bill spread relative to the federal funds rate, the unemployment rate and the real GDP growth rate have superior predictive content for the direction of the target a week to several months ahead. When these variables are employed, lagged target changes do not provide additional predictive power. This suggests that the apparent positive serial dependence of the target changes is due to the Fed's systematic response to autocorrelated macroeconomic variables. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of novel aminomethylenebisphosphonates and bisphosphonic acids, containing adamantyl fragment
Authors: Minaeva Lidiya I. , Patrikeeva Ludmila S. , Kabachnik Maria M. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Orlinson Boris S. , Novakov Ivan A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNovel aminomethylenebisphosphonates containing an adamantyl fragment were synthesized by a solvent‐free, microwave‐assisted, three‐component reaction of amines, triethyl orthoformate, and O,O‐diethyl phosphite. Several bisphophonic acids were prepared from aminomethylenebisphosphonates by the treatment with trimethylsilyl bromide followed by methanolysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:55–58, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20656
Quantitatively and qualitatively different cellular processes are engaged in CA1 during the consolidation and reconsolidation of contextual fear memory
Authors: Barnes Philip , Kirtley Anne , Thomas Kerrie L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhether the consolidation and reconsolidation long‐term memory relies on qualitatively different molecular and cellular processes is controversial. Using a novel experimental strategy of combining intrahippocampal antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting BDNF or zif268 to the block consolidation or reconsolidation of contextual fear memory respectively, and Affymetrix microarray technology, we identified a comprehensive list of nonoverlapping candidate genes regulated in CA1 during the initial stages consolidation and reconsolidation. Using RT‐qPCR in subsequent validation experiments, we estimated that over 80% of the candidates reflect gene transcripts truly regulated following the acquisition or retrieval of contextual fear memory. Statistical and over‐representation bioinformatics analyses revealed that cellular processes and signaling mechanisms were differentially regulated during consolidation and reconsolidation, particularly those associated with pro‐inflammatory cytokine signaling. This predicts that the two mnemonic processes are qualitatively as well as quantitatively distinct. This experimental strategy was further validated because the cytokine interleukin 1 (IL‐1) was reciprocally regulated in CA1 after contextual fear conditioning and fear memory retrieval, and we showed for the first time that that IL‐1 receptor mediated signaling in the hippocampus was necessary for reconsolidation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Control of anterodorsal thalamic head direction cells by environmental boundaries: Comparison with conflicting distal landmarks
Authors: Clark Benjamin J. , Harris Mark J. , Taube Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractExperiments were conducted to determine whether environmental boundaries exert preferential control over the tuning of head direction (HD) cells. In each experiment, HD cells were recorded in the rat anterodorsal thalamus while they foraged for randomly scattered food in trapezoid‐ and rectangle‐shaped environments. After an initial recording session, each environment was rotated 90°, and changes in the preferred firing directions of HD cells were monitored. Rats were disoriented before each test session to prevent the use of self‐movement cues to maintain orientation from one session to the next. In Experiment 1, we demonstrate that HD cell tuning consistently shifted in register with the trapezoid shaped enclosure, but was more variable in the rectangle shaped environment. In Experiments 2 and 3, we show that the strong control by the trapezoid persists in the presence of one clearly visible distal landmark, but not when three or more distal landmarks, including view of the recording room, are present. Together, the results indicate that distinct environmental boundaries exert strong stimulus control over HD cell orientation. However, this geometric control can be overridden with a sufficient number of salient distal landmarks. These results stand in contrast to the view that information from geometric cues usually takes precedence over information from landmark cues. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial representations in dorsal hippocampal neurons during a tactile‐visual conditional discrimination task
Authors: Griffin Amy L. , Owens Cullen B. , Peters Gregory J. , Adelman Peter C. , Cline Kathryn M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTrajectory‐dependent coding in dorsal CA1 of hippocampus has been evident in various spatial memory tasks aiming to model episodic memory. Hippocampal neurons are considered to be trajectory‐dependent if the neuron has a place field located on an overlapping segment of two trajectories and exhibits a reliable difference in firing rate between the two trajectories. It is unclear whether trajectory‐dependent coding in hippocampus is a mechanism used by the rat to solve spatial memory tasks. A first step in answering this question is to compare results between studies using tasks that require spatial working memory and those that do not. We recorded single units from dorsal CA1 of hippocampus during performance of a discrete‐trial, tactile‐visual conditional discrimination (CD) task in a T‐maze. In this task, removable floor inserts that differ in texture and appearance cue the rat to visit either the left or right goal arm to receive a food reward. Our goal was to assess whether trajectory coding would be evident in the CD task. Our results show that trajectory coding was rare in the CD task, with only 12 of 71 cells with place fields on the maze stem showing a significant firing rate difference between left and right trials. For comparison, we recorded from dorsal CA1 during the acquisition and performance of a continuous spatial alternation task identical to that used in previous studies and found a proportion of trajectory coding neurons similar to what has been previously reported. Our data suggest that trajectory coding is not a universal mechanism used by the hippocampus to disambiguate similar trajectories, and instead may be more likely to appear in tasks that require the animal to retrieve information about a past trajectory, particularly in tasks that are continuous rather than discrete in nature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surfactant and irrigation effects on wettable soils: runoff, erosion, and water retention responses
Authors: Lehrsch G. A. , Sojka R. E. , Reed J. L. , Henderson R. A. , Kostka S. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSurfactants are chemical compounds that can change the contact angle of a water drop on solid surfaces and are commonly used to increase infiltration into water repellent soil. Since production fields with water repellent soil often contain areas of wettable soil, surfactants applied to such fields worldwide will likely be applied to wettable soil, with unknown consequences for irrigation‐induced erosion, runoff, or soil water relations. We evaluated surfactant and simulated sprinkler irrigation effects on these responses for three wettable, Pacific Northwest soils, Latahco and Rad silt loams, and Quincy sand. Along with an untreated control, we studied three surfactants: an alkyl polyglycoside (APG) in solution at a concentration of 18 g active ingredient (AI) kg−1, a block copolymer at 26 g kg−1, and a blend of the two at 43 g kg−1. From 2005 to 2009 in the laboratory, each surfactant was sprayed at a rate of 46·8 l ha−1 onto each soil packed by tamping into 1·2‐ by 1·5‐m steel boxes. Thereafter, each treated soil was irrigated twice at 88 mm h−1 with surfactant‐free well water. After each irrigation, runoff and sediment loss were measured and soil samples were collected. While measured properties differed among soils and irrigations, surfactants had no effect on runoff, sediment loss, splash loss, or tension infiltration, compared to the control. Across all soils, however, the APG increased volumetric water contents by about 3% (significant at p≤0·08) at matric potentials from 0 to − 20 kPa compared to the control. With a decrease in the liquid–solid contact angle on treated soil surfaces, surfactant‐free water appeared able to enter, and be retained in pores with diameters ≥ 15 µm. All told, surfactants applied at economic rates to these wettable Pacific Northwest soils posed little risk of increasing either runoff or erosion or harming soil water relations. Moreover, by increasing water retention at high potentials, surfactants applied to wettable soils may allow water containing pesticides or other agricultural chemicals to better penetrate soil pores, thereby increasing the efficacy of the co‐applied materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permafrost‐thaw‐induced land‐cover change in the Canadian subarctic: implications for water resources
Authors: Quinton W.L. , Hayashi M. , Chasmer L.E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractClimate warming and human disturbance in north‐western Canada have been accompanied by degradation of permafrost, which introduces considerable uncertainty to the future availability of northern freshwater resources. This study demonstrates the rate and spatial pattern of permafrost loss in a region that typifies the southern boundary of permafrost. Remote‐sensing analysis of a 1·0 km2 area indicates that permafrost occupied 0·70 km2 in 1947 and decreased with time to 0·43 km2 by 2008. Ground‐based measurements demonstrate the importance of horizontal heat flows in thawing discontinuous permafrost, and show that such thaw produces dramatic land‐cover changes that can alter basin runoff production in this region. A major challenge to northern water resources management in the twenty‐first century therefore lies in predicting stream flows dynamically in the context of widely occurring permafrost thaw. The need for appropriate water resource planning, mitigation, and adaptation strategies is explained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An approach to the scaling problem in hydrological modelling: the deterministic modelling hydrological system
Authors: Vinogradov Yu. B. , Semenova O. M. , Vinogradova T. A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA brief description of the Deterministic Modelling Hydrological System (DMHS) ‘Runoff–Erosion–Pollution’ proposed by the first author is presented. This system is being developed with the aim of giving it a universal character so that it can be applied in mountainous and flat terrain, and in basins of different natural climatic zones regardless of their size. The main feature of the model is its independence of the scaling problem. The basis of our approach consists of a simple theory of runoff elements. This is different from the generally accepted use of partial differential equations such as the Saint Venant equation for surface and channel flow and the Boussinesq equation for underground waters describing the water movement from runoff formation origins to the basin outlet. The results of runoff simulation for six mountainous watersheds of different sizes across Eastern Siberia within the Lena River basin and their statistical evaluation are presented. The selected river basins ranged in size from about 40 km2 (small scale) to the entire Lena River basin (2·4 million km2), classified as a large‐scale basin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Funding corporate rescue: the Impact of the financial crisis
Authors: Vriesendorp Reinout D. , Gramatikov Martin A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInsolvency reform across many jurisdictions over the last twenty years has focused on the development of legislation to facilitate business reorganizations. However, any regime which involves rescue requires a degree of support from the commercial environment. The rescue regimes may therefore be severely tested in situations where there is a general economic downturn such as the world has experienced in the last two years. This article evaluates empirically the perceived impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the opportunities for rescue on the basis of a survey we set out among insolvency professionals worldwide. Most of the 562 respondents to the survey from 56 jurisdictions agree that the credit crisis of 2007 stifled the access of distressed business to financial facilities so needed for successful restructuring. It retrenched the access to financial facilities and thus impacted negatively the prospects for preventing or even ending the bankruptcy procedure with reorganization instead of winding up of the estate assets. Several reasons that have been pointed out by the insolvency professionals in our survey are discussed in this article. We conclude that somewhat paradoxically just when rescue is needed the most, the practical reality may be that businesses will not be saved if there is insufficient support available either by way of additional credit or because other (funding) creditors are so financially stressed themselves that they are unable or unwilling to support any potential rescue. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ginsenoside Rh2 induces Bcl‐2 family proteins‐mediated apoptosis in vitro and in xenografts in vivo models
Authors: Choi Sunga , Oh Jun‐Young , Kim Soo‐Jin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe cancer chemoprevention effects of ginseng saponins have been demonstrated against a variety of experimental tumors; however, their molecular mechanisms in vitro and in in vivo models are not well studied. This study was undertaken to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2)‐induced cell death in human breast cancer cell lines as well as in in vivo xenografts. Rh2 treatment significantly inhibited viability of both MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cells in a concentration‐dependent manner, which correlated with mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. Rh2‐induced apoptosis was accompanied by the down‐regulation of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, and Mcl‐1. It also caused induction of the proapoptotic members Bak, Bax, and Bim leading to mitochondrial translocation of Bax and activation of caspases. Moreover, Rh2‐induced apoptosis was partially, yet significantly protected by transient transfection of MCF‐7 cells with Bax‐ and Bak‐targeted siRNAs. Oral gavage of 5 mg Rh2/kg of mouse (three times a week) significantly caused apoptosis of MDA‐MB‐231 xenografts. An increase in Bax and Bak and a decrease in Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL transcript levels, in accordance with their protein expression, were observed in tumor tissue. Tumors from Rh2‐treated mice exhibited a markedly higher count of apoptotic bodies and reduced proliferation index compared with control tumors. Our data suggest that Rh2 used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of various ailments, may be an attractive agent for the treatment and/or prevention of human breast cancers. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 330–340, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.