bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of non-natural nucleotides into template-switching oligonucleotides reduces background and improves cDNA synthesis from very small RNA samples
Authors: Kapteyn Jeremy , He Ruifeng , McDowell Eric T , Gang David R 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The template switching PCR (TS-PCR) method of cDNA synthesis represents one of the most straightforward approaches to generating full length cDNA for sequencing efforts. However, when applied to very small RNA samples, such as those obtained from tens or hundreds of cells, this approach leads to high background and low cDNA yield due to concatamerization of the TS oligo.

Results
In this study, we describe the application of nucleotide isomers that form non-standard base pairs in the template switching oligo to prevent background cDNA synthesis. When such bases are added to the 5' end of the template switching (TS) oligo, they inhibit MMLV-RT from extending the cDNA beyond the TS oligo, thus increasing cDNA yield by reducing formation of concatamers of the TS oligo that are the source of significant background.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that this novel approach for cDNA synthesis has valuable utility for application of ultra-high throughput technologies, such as whole transcriptome sequencing using 454 technology, to very small biological samples comprised of tens of cells as might be obtained via approaches like laser microdissection.
Small blue round cell tumor of the interosseous membrane bearing a t(2;22)(q34;q12)/EWS-CREB1 translocation: a case report
Authors: Pacheco Marina , Horsman Douglas E , Hayes Malcolm M , Clarkson Paul W , Huwait Hassan , Nielsen Torsten O 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The group of small blue round cell tumors encompasses a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by primitive appearing round cells with few distinguishing histologic features.

Results
We report the case of a small blue round cell tumor with an EWS gene rearrangement detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis that mimicked Ewing sarcoma, but with unusual histology and immunohistochemical features. Multi-color karyotyping identified the presence of a t(2;22)(q34;q12) that was initially expected to represent a variant EWSR1-FEV translocation. After an extensive workup, the lesion is considered to represent a clear cell sarcoma harboring an EWSR1-CREB1 fusion transcript.

Conclusions
This case appears to represent a rare variant of clear cell sarcoma arising in peripheral soft tissues with unusual histology and unique immunophenotype. In this circumstance, FISH for all EWSR1 translocation partners or RT- PCR for a spectrum of possible transcript variants is critically important for diagnosis, since cytogenetic analysis or clinical FISH assay using only commercial EWSR1 probes will be misleading.
The Source and Significance of Confusion in Public Goods Experiments
Authors: Ferraro Paul J , Vossler Christian A 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Economists use public goods experiments to develop and test theories of individual preferences and institutional design. Previous work demonstrates many participants in public goods experiments contribute to the public good out of confusion. We design experiments to provide insights on the consequences and causes of confusion. We establish that confusion amounts to more than statistical noise and does not dissipate with repetition (i.e. learning). Confused subjects use experimental parameters and the behavior of other players as cues, which confounds treatment effects and traditional strategies to identify other-regarding preferences through exogenous parameter changes and the modeling of reactions to other subjects decisions. We argue that confusion stems from an inaccurate understanding of game incentives (failure of game form recognition), which is a consequence of the framing and inadequate payoff information in standard instructions. Modified instructions can substantially reduce confusion, and, in turn, change the distribution of contributions to the public good.
Can Venture Capital Be a Curse?
Authors: Kanatas George , Stefanadis Christodoulos 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We show that partnering with venture capitalists may be a curse to entrepreneurs in that it reduces their profits in the commercialization phase. Agents rationally infer that a likely reason an entrepreneur who has received managerial assistance (from a venture capitalist) refrains from a lucrative IPO and instead opts for an acquisition may be the low quality of his technology (which is unfixable), rather than of his management (which may be fixable). This leads to lower acquisition prices and greater IPO underpricing. From a social welfare standpoint, venture capital services are under-utilized and technologies are under-commercialized.
Sensors and boundary state reconstruction of hyperbolic systems
Authors: Zerrik El , Bourray Hamid , Ben Hadid Samir 
Published: July 2010

Sensors and boundary state reconstruction of hyperbolic systemsThis paper deals with the problem of regional observability of hyperbolic systems in the case where the subregion of interest is a boundary part of the system evolution domain. We give a definition and establish characterizations in connection with the sensor structure. Then we show that it is possible to reconstruct the system state on a subregion of the boundary. The developed approach, based on the Hilbert uniqueness method (Lions, 1988), leads to a reconstruction algorithm. The obtained results are illustrated with numerical examples and simulations.
On one algorithm for solving the problem of source function reconstruction
Authors: Maksimov Vyacheslav 
Published: July 2010

On one algorithm for solving the problem of source function reconstructionIn the paper, the problem of source function reconstruction in a differential equation of the parabolic type is investigated. Using the semigroup representation of trajectories of dynamical systems, we build a finite-step iterative procedure for solving this problem. The algorithm originates from the theory of closed-loop control (the method of extremal shift). At every step of the algorithm, the sum of a quality criterion and a linear penalty term is minimized. This procedure is robust to perturbations in problems data.
NTGsim: A graphical user interface and a 3D simulator for nonlinear trajectory generation methodology
Authors: Di Trapani Lyall , Inanc Tamer 
Published: July 2010

NTGsim: A graphical user interface and a 3D simulator for nonlinear trajectory generation methodology
Nonlinear Trajectory Generation (NTG), developed by Mark Milam, is a software algorithm used to generate trajectories of constrained nonlinear systems in real-time. The goal of this paper is to present an approach to make NTG more user-friendly. To accomplish this, we have programmed a Graphical User Interface (GUI) in Java, using object oriented design, which wraps the NTG software and allows the user to quickly and efficiently alter the parameters of NTG. This new program, called NTGsim, eliminates the need to reprogram the NTG algorithm explicitly each time the user wishes to change a parameter.
The Role of CD80/CD86 in Generation and Maintenance of Functional Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Mice Infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Authors: Grujic Mirjana , Bartholdy Christina , Remy Melissa , Pinschewer Daniel D. , Christensen Jan P. , Thomsen Allan R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)–specific CD8+ T cell responses are considered to be independent of CD28–B7 costimulation. However, the LCMV-specific response has never been evaluated in B7.1/B7.2−/− mice. For this reason, we decided to study the T cell response in B7.1/B7.2−/− mice infected with two different strains of LCMV, one (Traub strain) typically causing low-grade chronic infection, and another (Armstrong clone 53b) displaying very limited capacity for establishing chronic infection. Using Traub virus we found that most B7.1/B7.2−/− mice were unable to rid themselves of the infection. Chronic infection was associated with a perturbed CD8+ T cell epitope hierarchy, as well as with the accumulation of cells expressing markers of terminal differentiation and being unable to respond optimally to Ag restimulation. Examination of matched CD28−/− mice revealed a similar albeit less pronounced pattern of CD8+ T cell dysfunction despite lack of virus persistence. Finally, analysis of B7.1/B7.2−/− mice infected with Armstrong virus revealed a scenario quite similar to that in Traub infected CD28−/− mice; that is, the mice displayed evidence of T cell dysfunction, but no chronic infection. Taken together, these results indicate that B7 costimulation is required for induction and maintenance of LCMV-specific CD8+ T cell memory, irrespective of the LCMV strain used for priming. However, the erosion of CD8+ T cell memory in B7.1/B7.2−/− mice was more pronounced in association with chronic infection. Finally, virus-specific T cell memory was more impaired in the absence of B7 molecules than in the absence of the CD28 receptor, supporting earlier data suggesting the existence of additional stimulatory receptors for B7.
Therapeutic Targeting of Syk in Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Colonna Lucrezia , Catalano Geoffrey , Chew Claude , D’Agati Vivette , Thomas James W. , Wong F. Susan , Schmitz Jochen , Masuda Esteban S. , Reizis Boris , Tarakhovsky Alexander , Clynes Raphael 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In APCs, the protein tyrosine kinase Syk is required for signaling of several immunoreceptors, including the BCR and FcR. We show that conditional ablation of the syk gene in dendritic cells (DCs) abrogates FcγR-mediated cross priming of diabetogenic T cells in RIP-mOVA mice, a situation phenocopied in wild-type RIP-mOVA mice treated with the selective Syk inhibitor R788. In addition to blocking FcγR-mediated events, R788 also blocked BCR-mediated Ag presentation, thus broadly interrupting the humoral contributions to T cell-driven autoimmunity. Indeed, oral administration of R788 significantly delayed spontaneous diabetes onset in NOD mice and successfully delayed progression of early-established diabetes even when treatment was initiated after the development of glucose intolerance. At the DC level, R788 treatment was associated with reduced insulin-specific CD8 priming and decreased DC numbers. At the B cell level, R788 reduced total B cell numbers and total Ig concentrations. Interestingly, R788 increased the number of IL-10–producing B cells, thus inducing a tolerogenic B cell population with immunomodulatory activity. Taken together, we show by genetic and pharmacologic approaches that Syk in APCs is an attractive target in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes.
T Regulatory Cells Control Antigen-Induced Recruitment of Mast Cell Progenitors to the Lungs of C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Jones Tatiana G. , Finkelman Fred D. , Austen K. Frank , Gurish Michael F. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In C57BL/6 mice, the recruitment of mast cell progenitors (MCps) to the lung is a feature of Ag-induced pulmonary inflammation that requires sensitization and challenge and is totally inhibited by the administration of anti-CD4 at the time of challenge. When mAb to TGFβ1 or to IL-10R was administered at the time of challenge, the recruitment of MCp/106 mononuclear cells (MNCs) to the lung was inhibited by 56.3 and 69.6%, respectively, whereas mAb to IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-17F had no effect. In sensitized and challenged C57BL/6 mice lacking TGFβRII on CD4+ cells, the recruitment of MCp/106 MNCs was reduced by 67.8%. The requirement for TGFβ1 and IL-10 suggested a role for CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. Mice treated with anti-CD25 at the time of Ag-challenge showed a reduction in the recruitment of MCp/106 MNCs by 77.2% without any reduction in MNC influx. These results reveal an unexpected role for T regulatory cells in promoting the recruitment of MCps to the lungs of C57BL/6 mice with Ag-induced pulmonary inflammation.
Abatacept Limits Breach of Self-Tolerance in a Murine Model of Arthritis via Effects on the Generation of T Follicular Helper Cells
Authors: Platt Andrew M. , Gibson Vivienne B. , Patakas Agapitos , Benson Robert A. , Nadler Steven G. , Brewer James M. , McInnes Iain B. , Garside Paul 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Abatacept modulates CD28-mediated T cell costimulation and is efficacious in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated but will likely reveal critical pathologic pathways in RA. We show that abatacept substantially modulated Ag-specific T and B cell responses in vivo. Ag-specific T cell proliferation was reduced, and the acquisition of an activated phenotype, characterized by upregulation of CD69, OX40, ICOS, and programmed death-1 and downregulation of CD62L, was suppressed. Furthermore, abatacept suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-17. These effects were associated with a failure of Ag-specific T cells to acquire the CXCR5+ICOS+ T follicular helper cell phenotype. This, in turn, led to a failure of these cells to enter B cell follicles, resulting in reduced specific Ab responses, despite normal B cell clonal expansion. To test the pathologic significance of this, we used a novel model of RA associated with breach of self-tolerance to self-Ag and demonstrated that abatacept prevented the emergence of self-reactivity. Thus, CD28-dependent signaling is required for optimal T follicular helper cell maturation and expansion, and its inhibition prevents loss of self-tolerance in a model of articular pathology. Thus, we provide a novel mode of action for abatacept with profound implications for its potential usefulness in early inflammatory arthropathies associated with autoantibody expression.
ChemInform Abstract: (NH4)2Ge7O15: A Microporous Material Containing GeO4 and GeO6 Polyhedra in Nine‐Rings.
Authors: CASCALES C. , GUTIERREZ‐PUEBLA E. , MONGE M. A. , RUIZ‐VALERO C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Crystal Structures of WS2: Microtubes, Ribbons, and Ropes.
Authors: REMSKAR M. , SKRABA Z. , REGULA M. , BALLIF C. , SANJINES R. , LEVY F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structure of Nb3AuHx.
Authors: ANTONOV V. E. , BOKHENKOV E. L. , DORNER B. , FEDOTOV V. K. , GROSSE G. , LATYNIN A. I. , WAGNER F. E. , WORDEL R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Ba1‐ySryPrO3 (0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0).
Authors: ITOH M. , HINATSU Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Closely Related Intersecting Tunnel Structures: The Monophosphates K3V1.4W2.6O9 (PO4)2 and K3Nb3WO9(PO4)2.
Authors: BERRAH F. , MEZAOUI D. , GUESDON A. , BOREL M. M. , LECLAIRE A. , PROVOST J. , RAVEAU B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Bulk Monoclinic Eu3+:Y2O3 and Comparison to Eu3+:Y2O3 Nanocrystals.
Authors: WILLIAMS D. K. , BIHARI B. , TISSUE B. M. , MCHALE J. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ho—Cu—P System.
Authors: KUZ'MA YU. B , MOZHARIVSKII YU. A. , PANAS O. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectra and Structure of C60F24.
Authors: OKOTRUB A. V. , BULUSHEVA L. G. , YUDANOV N. F. , ASANOV I. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three 2,5‐Disubstituted 9‐Oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes. Transannular O‐Heterocyclization Products of Cycloocta‐1,5‐diene.
Authors: HEGEMANN K. , HAUFE G. , FROEHLICH R. , ZIPPEL F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α,α‐Difluoro‐β‐lactone and Its Non‐Fluorinated Analogue.
Authors: ABBOUD K. A. , OCAMPO R. , DOLBIER W. R. JUN. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on the Conformation of Some α‐Sulfinylacetophenones.
Authors: OLIVATO P. R. , MONDINO M. G. , YREIJO M. H. , WLADISLAW B. , BJORKLUND M. B. , MARZORATI L. , DISTEFANO G. , DAL COLLE M. , BOMBIERI G. , DEL PRA A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent Effects on the Solvolysis of 2,2,2‐Trifluoro‐1,1‐diphenylethyl Tosylates. Part 2. 3‐Chlorophenyl‐ and 3,5‐Dichlorophenyl‐Fixed Systems
Authors: FUJIO M. , MORIMOTO H. , KIM H.‐J. , TSUNO Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Steric Acceleration in the Reaction of Aryl Bromides with Tributylstannyl Radicals.
Authors: CRICH D. , RECUPERO F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral β‐Amino Sulfoxides as Chiral Ligands in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylations.
Authors: HIROI K. , SUZUKI Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Methyllithium to 2‐Furaldehyde Imine with the Aid of Chiral Ligand.
Authors: TANIYAMA D. , KANAI M. , IIDA A. , TOMIOKA K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Correlations in Ionic Solids by Means of ab initio Quantum Chemistry.
Authors: DOLL K. , DOLG M. , FULDE P. , STOLL H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of In(ReO4)3×4.5H2O.
Authors: KHRUSTALEV V. N. , VARFOLOMEEV M. B. , SHAMRAI N. B. , VOL'FKOVICH A. YU. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of KTbF5 and Early Crystal‐Chemical Data from Single‐Crystal Works for Eight‐Coordinated Tb4+ Ion.
Authors: GAUMET V. , LARGEAU E. , AVIGNANT D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discharge Rate Capability of the LiCoO2 Electrode.
Authors: ABRAHAM K. M. , PASQUARIELLO D. M. , WILLSTAEDT E. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemistry of Chemically Lithiated NaV3O8: A Positive Electrode Material for Use in Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: SPAHR M. E. , NOVAK P. , SCHEIFELE W. , HAAS O. , NESPER R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.