bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy as a tool to diagnose the impact and conservation state of Pompeian second and fourth style wall paintings exposed to diverse environments (House of Marcus Lucretius)
Authors: Maguregui M. , Knuutinen U. , Castro K. , Madariaga J. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe House of Marcus Lucretius preserves the remains of paintings of the so‐called Pompeian second, third and fourth styles. In this work, samples from the second style painting (architectural style AD 40–80), buried in the ground and not exposed to open air, recovered from recent excavations (2004–2006), were analyzed. Moreover, wall paintings and wall fragments from the fourth style (baroque ornate style, before Vesuvius eruption), excavated about 150 years ago and exposed since then to outdoors, were also analyzed. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the original composition and decay products in the mortars and pigment layers. These spectroscopic results were complemented with quantitative analysis (ionic chromatography) of soluble salts and chemometric and chemical equilibrium calculations. Probable decay pathways are proposed to explain the formation of some decay products of red pigments and for the original components of the mortars. Moreover, a final diagnosis as well as comparison of the conservation state of the mortars and pigments exposed to two different kinds of environments (outdoors and under a burial) is discussed emphasizing the importance of SOx impacts on the open air artworks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion adsorption studies of micro and nano acrylic fibers modified by ethanolamine
Authors: Tabarzadi M. , Abdouss M. , Hasani S. A. , Shoushtary A. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMicro and nano polyacrylonitrile fibers were modified to polyacrylonitrile‐monoethanolamine (PAN‐MEA) through reaction PAN with ethanolamine. The modified PAN fiber was prepared by conversion nitrile groups into hydroxyle groups using ethanolamine solution with different concentration under refluxing at 91°C. Modified raw acrylic fibers (RAF) with submicrometer diameters ranging from 120 to 300 nm were produced using electrospinning in N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF). The PAN‐MEA micro and nano fibers were examined as chelating material in a series of batch adsorption experiments for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Ni (II) ions. The fiber structure has been investigated by different experimental techniques of characterization such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the physical and mechanical properties has been investigated in this study. Nano fibers show adsorption metal ions more than the usual fiber because of high ratio of surface to mass.
Program: Twenty Fourth Annual Symposium on Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders
Authors:   Presented by the Parkinson Study Group, Huntington Study Group, Dystonia Study Group, Myoclonus Study Group, Tourette Syndrome Study Group, Cooperative Ataxia Group, and Tremor Research Group
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe symposium will consist of current issues in genetic and environmental contributions to Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders with peer‐reviewed platform and poster presentations designed to communicate recent research advances, including new pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatment options, in the field of Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ataxia, dystonia, myoclonus, Tourette's syndrome, tremor and other movement disorders thereby enhancing patient care.
The regulation of jejunal induction of the maltase–glucoamylase gene by a high‐starch/low‐fat diet in mice
Authors: Mochizuki Kazuki , Honma Kazue , Shimada Masaya , Goda Toshinao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMaltase and glucoamylase are derived from the same mRNA and are responsible for digestion of starch in the small intestine. Their jejunal activities in rodents are induced by a high‐starch/low‐fat (HS)‐diet. However, it is unknown whether jejunal expression of the maltase–glucoamylase (Mgam) gene is enhanced by the HS‐diet. In this study, we found that jejunal Mgam mRNA was increased by a HS‐diet in mice. We showed that the HS‐diet increased acetylation of histones, bindings of a coactivator, Creb binding protein (CREBBP), and the transcriptional factors caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and HNF1 homeobox (HNF1) in the promoter/enhancer and transcriptional regions of Mgam gene. This suggests that the increase in the jejunal activity of maltase and glucoamylase caused by a HS‐diet in mice is regulated at the mRNA level through histone acetylation and binding of CREBBP, CDX2 and HNF1 in the promoter/enhancer and transcriptional regions of Mgam gene.
Quantification of 1,8‐cineole and of its metabolites in humans using stable isotope dilution assays
Authors: Horst Kathie , Rychlik Michael 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe metabolism of 1,8‐cineole after ingestion of sage tea was studied. After application of the tea, the metabolites 2‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 3‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole, 9‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and, for the first time in humans, 7‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole were identified in plasma and urine of one volunteer. For quantitation of these metabolites and the parent compound, stable isotope dilution assays were developed after synthesis of [2H3]‐1,8‐cineole, [9/10‐2H3]‐2‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole and [13C,2H2]‐9‐hydroxy‐1,8‐cineole as internal standards. Using these standards, we quantified 1,8‐cineole by solid phase microextraction GC‐MS and the hydroxyl‐1,8‐cineoles by LC‐MS/MS after deconjugation in blood and urine of the volunteer. After consumption of 1.02 mg 1,8‐cineole (19 μg/kg bw), the hydroxycineoles along with their parent compound were detectable in the blood plasma of the volunteer under study after liberation from their glucuronides with 2‐hydroxycineole being the predominant metabolite at a maximum plasma concentration of 86 nmol/L followed by the 9‐hydroxy isomer at a maximum plasma concentration of 33 nmol/L. The parent compound 1,8‐cineole showed a low maximum plasma concentration of 19 nmol/L. In urine, 2‐hydroxycineole also showed highest contents followed by its 9‐isomer. Summing up the urinary excretion over 10 h, 2‐hydroxycineole, the 9‐isomer, the 3‐isomer and the 7‐isomer accounted for 20.9, 17.2, 10.6 and 3.8% of the cineole dose, respectively.
Systemic inflammatory load in humans is suppressed by consumption of two formulations of dried, encapsulated juice concentrate
Authors: Jin Yu , Cui Xiangli , Singh Udai P. , Chumanevich Alexander A. , Harmon Brook , Cavicchia Philip , Hofseth Anne B. , Kotakadi Venkata , Stroud Brandy , Volate Suresh R. , Hurley Thomas G. , Hebert James R. , Hofseth Lorne J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChronic inflammation contributes to an increased risk for developing chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A high “inflammatory load” is defined as elevated inflammation markers in blood or other tissues. We evaluated several markers of systemic inflammation from healthy adults and tested the hypothesis that two formulations of encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate with added berry powders (FVB) or without (FV) could impact markers of inflammatory load. Using a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled approach, 117 subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo, FV, or FVB capsules. Blood was drawn at baseline and after 60 d of capsule consumption. We measured inflammatory markers (high sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein‐1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1‐β, and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted), superoxide dismutase, and micronutrients (β‐carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E). Results showed Monocyte Chemotactic Protein‐1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1‐β, and RANTES levels were significantly reduced and superoxide dismutase and micronutrient levels were significantly increased in subjects consuming both FV and FVB, relative to placebo. Data suggest a potential health benefit by consuming either formulation of the encapsulated juice concentrates through their anti‐inflammatory properties.
New vistas for development management: Examining radical–reformist possibilities and potential
Authors: Gulrajani Nilima 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article provides an overview of contemporary development management scholarship, suggesting that a longstanding division between radical and reformist development management research continues to exist. The article offers a closer examination of critical development management (CDM), the most recent example of radical development management thought that is connecting scholars in critical management studies to those identifying with post‐development theory. CDM's suggestion that all development management is perniciously managerial is scrutinised and challenged on both theoretical and normative grounds. Overall, an argument is sketched out to support a future for development management that is neither defined nor destined for failure. The future of development management scholarship can and should concern itself with a non‐managerial development practice that bridges the divide between radicals and reformers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrophoretic Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Biotin/Avidin Functionalized Nanoparticles
Authors: Ryu Jongeun , Dehlinger Dietrich , Heller Michael , Hahn Thomas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBiotin‐functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles are directed by the electric field and self‐assembled on the streptavidin coated microelectrode. The mean deposition percentage changes most sensitively when the level of the electrophoresis current changes. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) quantifies the effect of the process parameters on the assembly results. The ANOVA shows the electrophoresis current contributes most on the nanoparticle assembly by 74.42 %. Based on the ANOVA and experimental results the optimum electrophoresis current and deposition time are determined to be 0.45 μA and 60 s, respectively. The biotin‐functionalized nanoparticles are successively deposited until the streptavidin modified electrode surface is filled. The neutravidin‐functionalized nanoparticles are deposited on the biotin‐functionalized nanoparticle layer in the same way. The deposition process is monitored by the fluorescent microscope. By repeating this layer‐by‐layer process, multilayer structure of biotin‐ and neutravidin‐functionalized nanoparticles is able to be obtained.
Determining the operative line of resection for image‐guided emphysema surgery using a laser scanner and non‐rigid registration
Authors: Lee Jong‐Ha , Won Chang‐Hee , Marchetti Nathaniel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many diseases such as emphysema are diagnosed with preoperative imaging modalities, this information is rarely utilized in the operating room. A method that relates the preoperative images to the non‐rigid organ in physical space would aid a surgeon to determine the line of resection.MethodsWe used a three‐dimensional (3D) laser scanner to obtain intraoperative images of the lung and overlayed it with preoperative CT images, using a non‐rigid image registration method.ResultsThe non‐overlapping registration error of the system was 1.91 ± 0.28% without organ deformation and 2.69 ± 0.28% with 9% organ deformation. When 83% of the organ was visible, the registration error was 2.99 ± 0.42%.ConclusionA novel image overlay system using a 3D laser scanner and a non‐rigid registration method was implemented and its accuracy evaluated. By using the proposed system, we successfully related the preoperative images with an open organ in the operating room. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of students' conceptual understanding of electric circuits in simulation only and simulation‐laboratory contexts
Authors: Jaakkola Tomi , Nurmi Sami , Veermans Koen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this experimental study was to compare learning outcomes of students using a simulation alone (simulation environment) with outcomes of those using a simulation in parallel with real circuits (combination environment) in the domain of electricity, and to explore how learning outcomes in these environments are mediated by implicit (only procedural guidance) and explicit (more structure and guidance for the discovery process) instruction. Matched‐quartets were created based on the pre‐test results of 50 elementary school students and divided randomly into a simulation implicit (SI), simulation explicit (SE), combination implicit (CI) and combination explicit (CE) conditions. The results demonstrated that the instructional support had an expected effect on students' understanding of electric circuits when they used the simulation alone; pure procedural guidance (SI) was insufficient to promote conceptual understanding, but when the students were given more guidance for the discovery process (SE) they were able to gain significant amount of subject knowledge. A surprising finding was that when the students used the simulation and the real circuits in parallel, the explicit instruction (CE) did not seem to elicit much additional gain for their understanding of electric circuits compared to the implicit instruction (CI). Instead, the explicit instruction slowed down the inquiry process substantially in the combination environment (CE). Although the explicit instruction was able to improve students' conceptual understanding of electrical circuits considerably in the simulation environment, their understanding did not reach the level of the students in the combination environment. These results suggest that when teaching students about electricity, the students can gain better understanding when they have an opportunity to use the simulation and the real circuits in parallel than if they have only a computer simulation available, even when the use of the simulation is supported with the explicit instruction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 71–93, 2011
Effects of evolutionary changes in prey use on the relationship between food web complexity and stability
Authors: Yamaguchi Wakako , Kondoh Michio , Kawata Masakado 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe relationship between food web complexity and stability has been the subject of a long‐standing debate in ecology. Although rapid changes in the food web structure through adaptive foraging behavior can confer stability to complex food webs, as reported by Kondoh (Science 299:1388–1391, 2003), the exact mechanisms behind this adaptation have not been specified in previous studies; thus, the applicability of such predictions to real ecosystems remains unclear. One mechanism of adaptive foraging is evolutionary change in genetically determined prey use. We constructed individual‐based models of evolution of prey use by predators assuming explicit population genetics processes, and examined how this evolution affects the stability (i.e., the proportion of species that persist) of the food web and whether the complexity of the food web increased the stability of the prey–predator system. The analysis showed that the stability of food webs decreased with increasing complexity regardless of evolution of prey use by predators. The effects of evolution on stability differed depending on the assumptions made regarding genetic control of prey use. The probabilities of species extinctions were associated with the establishment or loss of trophic interactions via evolution of the predator, indicating a clear link between structural changes in the food web and community stability.
Pathophysiology of neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Bellettato Cinzia Maria , Scarpa Maurizio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAlthough neurodegenerative diseases are most prevalent in the elderly, in rare cases, they can also affect children. Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of inherited metabolic neurodegenerative disorders due to deficiency of a specific protein integral to lysosomal function, such as enzymes or lysosomal components, or to errors in enzyme trafficking/targeting and defective function of nonenzymatic lysosomal proteins, all preventing the complete degradation and recycling of macromolecules. This primary metabolic event determines a cascade of secondary events, inducing LSD's pathology. The accumulation of intermediate degradation affects the function of lysosomes and other cellular organelles. Accumulation begins in infancy and progressively worsens, often affecting several organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Affected neurons may die through apoptosis or necrosis, although neuronal loss usually does not occur before advanced stages of the disease. CNS pathology causes mental retardation, progressive neurodegeneration, and premature death. Many of these features are also found in adult neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. However, the nature of the secondary events and their exact contribution to mental retardation and dementia remains largely unknown. Recently, lysosomal involvement in the pathogenesis of these disorders has been described. Improved knowledge of secondary events may have impact on diagnosis, staging, and follow‐up of affected children. Importantly, new insights may provide indications about possible disease reversal upon treatment. A discussion about the CNS pathophysiology involvement in LSDs is the aim of this review. The lysosomal involvement in adult neurodegenerative diseases will also be briefly described.
Ilizarov hip reconstruction without external fixation: A new technique
Authors: Krieg A. H. , Lenze U. , Hasler C. C. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose The Ilizarov hip reconstruction is a well accepted but complication-prone operative salvage procedure in chronically dislocated hips, not least due to the long-term application of external fixation. Although the advantages of fully implantable devices are well known in limb lengthening and are described consistently, until now, external fixation has been used exclusively to perform the Ilizarov hip reconstruction procedure. We present a new technique of Ilizarov hip reconstruction with purely internal implants. Methods A 14-year-old girl with a history of spina bifida presented with a 4-cm-short right leg, a Trendelenburg gait and a complex neurological disease expression. Because of refusal of external fixation by the patient and significantly lower complication rates, an Ilizarov hip reconstruction without external fixation was performed. A locking compression plate was applied to fix the proximal femoral valgus-extension osteotomy and a motorised intramedullary distraction nail was used for the distal, lengthening–varisation osteotomy. Results A healing index of 33 days/cm and full weight bearing after 6 months were noted. At the 1 year follow-up, the patient showed an improvement of the Trendelenburg gait, as well as successful leg equalisation. Satisfaction to a high degree was additionally noted by factors such as reduced pain, the ability to wear workaday clothes and cosmetically appealing scars. No complications were recorded. Conclusion The exclusive use of internal implants for Ilizarov hip reconstruction is a feasible and patient-friendly alternative to traditional methods. Their use, however, may be restricted by geometric preconditions.
In situ screw fixation of slipped capital femoral epiphysis with a novel approach: A double-cohort controlled study
Authors: Pring Maya E. , Adamczyk Mark , Hosalkar Harish S. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Wallace C. Douglas , Newton Peter O. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose In situ fixation for mild to moderate slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) remains an acceptable treatment methodology in most centers. Satisfactory fixation results have been reported with the procedure using either the fracture table or radiolucent table, both of which allow the hip to be imaged during the procedure. The position of the pin within the center of the femoral head is important to secure adequate fixation of the capital femoral epiphysis and prevent further slippage with minimal risk for articular penetration and avascular necrosis (AVN) or chondrolysis. Methods We describe a pre-operative planning technique to determine the pin-entry point for percutaneous pinning of SCFE on a radiolucent operating table. A retrospective review of patients who underwent in situ screw fixation with the usage of a cannulated screw on a radiolucent table or fracture table over a 6-year period was conducted. Results The pin-entry point with this technique was reliable in 92% of procedures and comparable in both accuracy and complications to in situ screw fixation on a fracture table. In situ screw fixation on a regular radiolucent table was straightforward and required significantly less surgical time than on the fracture table ( P = 0.01). It was also more efficient during a bilateral procedure, as it required only a single preparation and draping of the patient. Conclusion This pre-operative planning technique for deciding the starting point on the proximal femur is helpful in executing an accurate in situ screw fixation of hips with SCFE.
Chronic pain acceptance and affective well‐being: A coping perspective
Authors: Kranz Dirk , Bollinger Annicka , Nilges Paul 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between chronic pain acceptance and affective well‐being from a coping perspective. One hundred‐fifty patients from a multidisciplinary pain centre provided self‐report data including measures of pain acceptance, positive and negative affect, and accommodative flexibility. The bivariate and multiple correlation patterns were consistent with the assumption that pain willingness (the attitudinal component of pain acceptance including the recognition of the uncontrollability of pain) primarily reduces negative affect, whereas activity engagement (the behavioural component of pain acceptance including the pursuit of life activities despite pain) additionally produces positive affect. The data furthermore suggested activity engagement as a mediating link between pain willingness and positive affect. Moderation analyses showed that accommodative flexibility (the general readiness to adjust personal goals to situational constraints) facilitates both pain willingness and activity engagement – especially when average pain intensity is high. In sum, the results support the view that chronic pain patients’ well‐being is closely tied to the maintenance of life activities which presupposes an accepting attitude towards pain.