bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newborn behaviour to locate the breast when skin‐to‐skin: a possible method for enabling early self‐regulation
Authors: Widström A‐M , Lilja G , Aaltomaa‐Michalias P , Dahllöf A , Lintula M , Nissen E 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to provide a more detailed analysis of the infant’s behavioural sequence that begins immediately after birth and terminates with grasping the nipple, suckling and then falling asleep.Method:  Twenty‐eight full‐term infants were videotaped immediately after birth. A video protocol was developed to examine infant behaviours identified from five random videotapes.Results:  When birth crying had stopped, the babies showed a short period of relaxation and then successively became alert. They went through an ‘awakening phase’, an ‘active phase’ with movements of limbs, rooting activity and looking at the mother’s face, a ‘crawling phase’ with soliciting sounds, a ‘familiarization phase’ with licking of the areola, and a ‘suckling phase’ and last a ‘sleeping phase’. Five factors related to the time spent to locate the breast: more number of looks at the breast 10–20 min after birth (p < 0.0001); and exposure to meperidine (p = 0.0006) related to increased time. Early start of crawling (p = 0,0040); increased number of ‘soliciting sounds’ (p = 0.0022); and performing hand–breast–mouth movements (p = 0.0105) related to shorter time.Conclusion:  Inborn breastfeeding reflexes were depressed at birth, possibly because of a depressed sensory system. It is hypothesized that when the infant is given the option to peacefully go through the nine behavioural phases birth cry, relaxation, awakening, activity, crawling, resting, familiarization, suckling and sleeping when skin‐to‐skin with its mother this results in early optimal self‐regulation.
Amprenavir complexes with HIV‐1 protease and its drug‐resistant mutants altering hydrophobic clusters
Authors: Shen Chen‐Hsiang , Wang Yuan‐Fang , Kovalevsky Andrey Y. , Harrison Robert W. , Weber Irene T. 
Published: August 2010

The structural and kinetic effects of amprenavir (APV), a clinical HIV protease (PR) inhibitor, were analyzed with wild‐type enzyme and mutants with single substitutions of V32I, I50V, I54V, I54M, I84V and L90M that are common in drug resistance. Crystal structures of the APV complexes at resolutions of 1.02–1.85 Å reveal the structural changes due to the mutations. Substitution of the larger side chains in PRV32I, PRI54M and PRL90M resulted in the formation of new hydrophobic contacts with flap residues, residues 79 and 80, and Asp25, respectively. Mutation to smaller side chains eliminated hydrophobic interactions in the PRI50V and PRI54V structures. The PRI84V–APV complex had lost hydrophobic contacts with APV, the PRV32I–APV complex showed increased hydrophobic contacts within the hydrophobic cluster and the PRI50V complex had weaker polar and hydrophobic interactions with APV. The observed structural changes in PRI84V–APV, PRV32I–APV and PRI50V–APV were related to their reduced inhibition by APV of six‐, 10‐ and 30‐fold, respectively, relative to wild‐type PR. The APV complexes were compared with the corresponding saquinavir complexes. The PR dimers had distinct rearrangements of the flaps and 80′s loops that adapt to the different P1′ groups of the inhibitors, while maintaining contacts within the hydrophobic cluster. These small changes in the loops and weak internal interactions produce the different patterns of resistant mutations for the two drugs.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7966480: HIV‐1 PR (uniprotkb:P03366) and HIV‐1 PR (uniprotkb:P03366) bind (MI:0407) by x‐ray crystallography (MI:0114)
Bicuspid aortic valve and aortic dilation: The current understanding
Authors: Yuan Shi‐Min , Jing Hua 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is one of the most common congenital heart disorders affecting 1–2% of the population. Individuals with a BAV tend to develop ascending aortic dilation, and are believed to be at high risk of aortic rupture and dissection. The association between the BAV and aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation or infective endocarditis has been previously described, leading to the hypothesis of a common developmental anomaly incorporating both the aortic valve and thoracic aorta, and requires genetic solutions. The present article aims to make a comprehensive review of the possible determinants of this congenital defect entity.Methods:  A literature retrieval was made by using the search terms ‘bicuspid aortic valve’ and ‘aortic dilation’ or ‘aortic aneurysm’ in major medical databases, including EMBASE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, MEDLINE and ADOLEC. A total of 496 articles were obtained. Relevant studies in the aetiologies of the BAV on the basis of clinical observations and basic research were selected and analysed.Results:  Results from clinical observations have taken a haemodynamically resultant aortic dilation in the presence of a BAV into consideration. The two pathogenetic factors, haemodynamic and genetic, might coexist. Each of them could in turn prevail in different clinical pictures or anatomical forms. The presence of medial degeneration, elastic fragmentation and changes in smooth muscle cells was found to be much more severe in patients with a BAV than in those with a tricuspid aortic valve. Determination of the apoptotic index showed significantly increased numbers of dead smooth muscle cells in aneurysmal sections when compared with the normal aorta. Mean endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels in the endothelial cells of the aortic wall in patients with a BAV were significantly lower compared with those with a tricuspid aortic valve. Of importance are the novel findings of extracellular matrix degradation in terms of matrix metalloproteinase and their inhibitors, as well as mutations of variable genes, including Notch1, NKX2.5, ubiquitin fusion degradation 1‐like gene and KCNJ2, that have drawn particular attention in the hope of offering an evolutionary explanation of this disorder.Conclusion:  The development of the BAV might have diverse molecular triggers, thus it might be difficult to characterize the inciting events that result in a BAV and aortic wall disorders. Extracellular matrix dysregulation and cell death pathways are regarded as important molecular mechanisms of the aortopathy. Matrix degradation and gene mutations are the preferred hypotheses accounting for the development of this congenital lesion.
Effects of CO2Enrichment on Photosynthesis, Growth, and Biochemical Composition of SeagrassThalassia hemprichii(Ehrenb.) Aschers
Authors: Jiang Zhi Jian , Huang Xiao‐Pin , Zhang Jing‐Ping 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effects of CO2enrichment on various ecophysiological parameters of tropical seagrassThalassia hemprichii(Ehrenb.) Aschers were tested.T. hemprichii, collected from a seagrass bed in Xincun Bay, Hainan island of Southern China, was cultured at 4 CO2(aq) concentrations in flow‐through seawater aquaria bubbled with CO2. CO2enrichment considerably enhanced the relative maximum electron transport rate (RETRmax) and minimum saturating irradiance (Ek) ofT. hemprichii. Leaf growth rate of CO2‐enriched plants was significantly higher than that in unenriched treatment. Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) ofT. hemprichii, especially in belowground tissues, increased strongly with elevated CO2(aq), suggesting a translocation of photosynthate from aboveground to belowground tissues. Carbon content in belowground tissues showed a similar response with NSC, while in aboveground tissues, carbon content was not affected by CO2treatments. In contrast, with increasing CO2(aq), nitrogen content in aboveground tissues markedly decreased, but nitrogen content in belowground was nearly constant. Carbon: nitrogen ratio in both tissues were obviously enhanced by increasing CO2(aq). Thus, these results indicate thatT. hemprichiimay respond positively to CO2‐induced acidification of the coastal ocean. Moreover, the CO2‐stimulated improvement of photosynthesis and NSC content may partially offset negative effects of severe environmental disturbance such as underwater light reduction.
Effect of F‐File on removal of the smear layer: A scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Tunga Umut , Parlak Esra , Bodrumlu Emre , Aydemir Hikmet , Yeşilsoy Cemil 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of F‐File with NaOCl on removal of the smear layer. A total of 48 single‐rooted teeth were instrumented using crown‐down technique with one of the irrigation agents: distilled water, 5.25% NaOCl, RC‐Prep, Glyde, MTAD or F‐File with NaOCl. The remaining smear layer was scored at cervical, middle and apical thirds of the roots with SEM. In all the canals of experimental groups the coronal sections were cleaner than the middle and apical sections except with distilled water (P < 0.001). In the coronal third, intensive smear layer was observed in distilled water, NaOCl and F‐File groups and less smear layer in MTAD (P < 0.05) and least in RC‐Prep and Glyde groups. In the middle third, RC‐Prep and Glyde groups had less smear layer than the other groups (P < 0.001). In the apical third, there was intensive smear layer in all specimens and statistical analyses showed no significant difference among the groups (P > 0.05). The F‐file failed to improve the effect of NaOCl in removing smear layer.
Is quality of life being compromised in people with dementia in long‐term care?
Authors: Moyle Wendy 
Published: August 2010

Moyle W. (2010) Is quality of life being compromised in people with dementia in long‐term care?International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 245–252 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2010.00230.xAim. To outline the importance of understanding quality of life (QOL) in people with dementia living in long‐term care. To consider several key research questions and some of the challenges and impact of neglecting knowledge transfer.Background. There is a gap between the knowledge in the broad dementia research literature and transfer of knowledge into practice. Quality of life research and transfer of research into practice is one means by which health professionals can inform health and social care policy and improve care practice.Discussion. There are a number of unanswered research questions in relation to QOL in people with dementia living in long term care. A selection of questions discussed in this paper relate to the impact of staff knowledge of mental health assessment and the importance of therapeutic communication, cognitive training programs and social biography, individual needs, weight and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), resident choice and the impact of the environment on QOL.Conclusion. Research methods used to assess QOL must not be too restrictive and mixed methods and data from multiple perspectives should be encouraged so that an extensive understanding is uncovered. Potential strategies to assist knowledge transfer in long‐term care settings are needed.
Dementia, dignity and quality of life: nursing practice and its dilemmas
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Iliffe Steve , Samsi Kritika , Cole Laura , Goodman Claire , Drennan Vari , Warner James 
Published: August 2010

manthorpe j., iliffe s., samsi k., cole l., goodman c., drennan v. & warner j. (2010) Dementia, dignity and quality of life: nursing practice and its dilemmas. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 235–244 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2010.00231.xAims.  The need for healthcare practitioners to respect the dignity of older people is widely recognised in England, where it has been given attention by politicians, professionals and health service regulators. This article aims to provide examples of how such ambitions may be used in practice development.Methods.  This article reports the use of five vignettes discussed by dementia care practitioners that explored the areas of dementia diagnosis, lying, incontinence, behavioural and psychological distress, and end of life care.Findings.  Each vignette promoted discussion of differences of perspectives about the ways to enhance the dignity of people with dementia in hospital, care home and community settings. The discussion confirmed that while dignity may be one quality indicator of good care potentially enhancing quality of life, it is not always straightforward. It may be more easily conceptualised when talking of physical care and treatment than other areas.Conclusion.  The opportunity to debate the subject and to discuss practice examples revealed differences of opinion and moral perspectives between practitioners about the use and relevance of the term dignity. These need to be acknowledged in any debates about objective and subjective definitions of quality of life.
Dignity, dining and dialogue: reviewing the literature on quality of life for people with dementia
Authors: Venturato Lorraine 
Published: August 2010

venturato l. (2010) Dignity, dining and dialogue: reviewing the literature on quality of life for people with dementia.International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 228–234 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2010.00236.xAim. To review contemporary literature on quality of life for people with dementia.Background. One of the consequences of population ageing is the predicted increase in the incidence of dementia. While we can as yet do little to affect the course of the disease, health care professionals are well‐placed to intervene to affect quality of life and quality of care for people with dementia.Results. Research into quality of life for people with dementia has grown markedly over the last decade, in line with evolving conceptual and theoretical understandings of this complex concept. While much of the literature continues to focus on assessment and measurement of quality of life, emerging areas of interest are noted, including dialogue associated with personhood; dignity; and dining and mealtime experiences.Conclusion. Literature on quality of life for people with dementia is as diverse as the concept itself. Established and emerging areas of research suggest that this diversity will continue into the future as we strive to better understand quality of life for people with dementia in all its complexity.
How Students Learn Statistics Revisited: A Current Review of Research on Teaching and Learning Statistics
Authors: Garfield Joan , Ben‐Zvi Dani 
Published: August 2010

Summary This paper provides an overview of current research on teaching and learning statistics, summarizing studies that have been conducted by researchers from different disciplines and focused on students at all levels. The review is organized by general research questions addressed, and suggests what can be learned from the results of each of these questions. The implications of the research are described in terms of eight principles for learning statistics from Garfield (1995) which are revisited in the light of results from current studies.
Psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) and mental health status in twin and singleton Japanese high school students
Authors: Oshima Norihito , Nishida Atsushi , Fukushima Masako , Shimodera Shinji , Kasai Kiyoto , Okazaki Yuji , Sasaki Tsukasa 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim: Studying what factors and behaviours to work on may be a key to develop the effective prevention of future mental disorder in both high‐risk and general young subjects. This study aimed to investigate whether twins are more vulnerable to mental health problems including psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) than singletons and what factors on lifestyle and social environment are associated with poor mental health.Methods: Subjects comprised 341 Japanese high‐school students (173 males and 168 females) including 62 twins. We examined PLEs, general psychological distress, length and regularity of sleep, domestic violence, being bullied and other environmental factors using questionnaires including the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12). The variables were compared between twins and singletons. Whether variables on lifestyle and social environment affect PLEs and GHQ‐12 scores were studied by logistic regression.Results: Significant difference was observed in PLEs and GHQ‐12 between twins and singletons. Experiencing PLEs was negatively associated with being a twin (OR = 0.293, 95% CI = 0.101–0.847) and length of sleep (OR = 0.685, 95% CI = 0.519–0.903). GHQ‐12 > 4 was significantly associated with irregular sleep schedule (OR = 3.042, 95% CI = 1.818–5.090), being bullied (OR = 3.677, 95% CI = 1.317–10.266) and having no people to confide in (OR = 2.615, 95% CI = 1.249–5.475).Conclusion: Poor mental health status including experiencing PLEs might be less frequent in twins than in singletons. Problems in sleep length, its schedule and human relationships were significantly associated with mental health in high‐school students as we hypothesized. Early identification programmes and mental health education focused on these factors may be helpful.
Paranoid thinking as a heuristic
Authors: Preti Antonio , Cella Matteo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractParanoid thinking can be viewed as a human heuristic used by individuals to deal with uncertainty during stressful situations. Under stress, individuals are likely to emphasize the threatening value of neutral stimuli and increase the reliance on paranoia‐based heuristic to interpreter events and guide their decisions. Paranoid thinking can also be activated by stress arising from the possibility of losing a good opportunity; this may result in an abnormal allocation of attentional resources to social agents. A better understanding of the interplay between cognitive heuristics and emotional processes may help to detect situations in which paranoid thinking is likely to exacerbate and improve intervention for individuals with delusional disorders.
Early intervention for psychosis in Hong Kong – the EASY programme
Authors: Tang Jennifer Y. M. , Wong Gloria H. Y. , Hui Christy L. M. , Lam May M. L. , Chiu Cindy P. Y. , Chan Sherry K. W. , Chung Dicky W. S. , Tso Steve , Chan Kathy P. M. , Yip K. C. , Hung S. F. , Chen Eric Y. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim: This article aims to describe the Hong Kong experience in developing and implementing an early psychosis programme.Methods: In 2001, the Early Assessment Service for Young People with Psychosis programme was launched in Hong Kong, providing both educational and service components. Public education includes promotion of timely help‐seeking, accessible channels to service and knowledge of psychosis. The 2‐year phase‐specific intervention includes intensive medical follow‐up and individualized psychosocial intervention. The programme has adopted the case‐management approach, in which case managers provide protocol‐based psychosocial intervention. The programme collaborates with non‐governmental organizations and community networks in the provision of rehabilitation service.Results: An average of over 600 young patients enter the programme for intensive treatment each year. Based on preliminary data from a 3‐year outcome study, patients in the programme have remarkable reductions in hospital stay accompanied by improvements in vocational functioning.Conclusions: The results suggested that the programme improved patients' outcome. Additional costs such as extra medical staff and medications may be offset by the shortened hospital stay. Further directions in early intervention are also discussed.
The relationship between bed rest and sitting orthostatic intolerance in adults residing in chronic care facilities
Authors: Fox Mary T , Sidani Souraya , Brooks Dina 
Published: August 2010

fox mt, sidani s & brooks d (2010)
Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness2, 187–196 The relationship between bed rest and sitting orthostatic intolerance in adults residing in chronic care facilitiesAim.  To examine the relationship between orthostatic intolerance and bed rest as it was used by/with 65 adults residing in chronic care facilities.Background.  The evidence on the relationship between bed rest and orthostatic intolerance has been obtained from aerospace studies conducted in highly controlled laboratory settings, and is regarded as having high internal validity. In the studies, prolonged and continuous bed rest, administered in a horizontal or negative tilt body position, had a major effect on orthostatic intolerance in young adults. However, the applicability of the findings to the conditions of the real world of practice is questionable.Methods.  Participants were recruited over the period of April 2005 to August 2006. A naturalistic cohort design was used. The cohorts represented different doses of bed rest that were naturally occurring. Comparisons were made between patients who had no bed rest (comparative dose group, n = 20), two to four days (moderate dose, n = 23) and five to seven days of bed rest (high dose, n = 22) during a one‐week monitoring period. Orthostatic intolerance was measured by orthostatic vital signs and a self‐report scale. Bed rest dose was measured by the total number of days spent in bed during one week.Results.  Post hoc comparisons, using Bonferroni adjustments, indicated significant differences in adjusted means on self‐reported orthostatic intolerance between the comparative and high (CI: −4·12, −0·85; p < 0·001), and the moderate and high (CI: 0·35, 3·56, p < 0·01) bed rest dose cohorts. No group differences were found on orthostatic vital signs.Conclusions.  A moderate dose of bed rest with intermittent exposure to upright posture may protect against subjective orthostatic intolerance in patients who are unable to tolerate being out of bed every day. Future research may examine the effects of reducing bed rest days on orthostatic intolerance in individuals with high doses of five to seven days of bed rest.
Making a difference through integrated community care for older people
Authors: Littleford Angela , Kralik Debbie 
Published: August 2010

littleford a & kralik d (2010)
Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness2, 178–186 Making a difference through integrated community care for older peopleAim.  To promote early intervention though better co‐ordination and integration of services so as to meet the holistic and often complex needs of older people with co morbid chronic health conditions.Background.  Australia’s population is ageing, hence there is an urgent need to develop appropriate community based health models that meet the needs of older people, and integrate services to keep older people with chronic illness in optimal health and at home.Model development.  Integrated Community Care for Older People (ICCOP) is a systematically integrated model of care piloted in Adelaide, South Australia. The model was developed in partnership between a community nursing organisation, a division of General Practice and a large public hospital.Findings.  The ICCOP model has demonstrated efficacy in keeping older people healthy at home, demonstrating a 51% reduction in unplanned Emergency Department presentations and hospital admissions and a 37% reduction in total bed days for the ICCOP clients.Conclusion.  Services like ICCOP are currently not reflected in health policy or funding models, despite the increase in packaged community care over the past decade. The need to formalise these models in both policy and practice is urgent if Australia is to respond to the ageing population, particularly with the anticipated peak in person’s aged over 85 years in 2012.