bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative proteomics reveals deficiency of SLC9A1 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger NHE1) in β‐adducin null red cells
Authors: Wooden Jason M. , Finney Greg L. , Rynes Eric , MacCoss Michael J. , Lambert Amy J. , Robledo Raymond F. , Peters Luanne L. , Gilligan Diana M. 
Published: June 2011

SummarySpherocytosis is one of the most common inherited disorders, yet presents with a wide range of clinical severity. While several genes have been found mutated in patients with spherocytosis, the molecular basis for the variability in severity of haemolytic anaemia is not entirely understood. To identify candidate proteins involved in haemolytic anaemia pathophysiology, we utilized a label‐free comparative proteomic approach to detect differences in red blood cells (RBCs) from normal and β‐adducin (Add2) knock‐out mice. We detected seven proteins that were decreased and 48 proteins that were increased in β‐adducin null RBC ghosts. Since haemolytic anaemias are characterized by reticulocytosis, we compared reticulocyte‐enriched samples from phenylhydrazine‐treated mice with mature RBCs from untreated mice. Among the 48 proteins increased in Add2 knockout RBCs, only 11 were also increased in reticulocytes. Of the proteins decreased in Add2 knockout RBCs, α‐adducin showed the greatest intensity difference, followed by SLC9A1, the sodium‐hydrogen exchanger previously termed NHE1. We verified these mass spectrometry results by immunoblot. This is the first example of SLC9A1deficiency in haemolytic anaemia and suggests new insights into the mechanisms leading to fragile RBCs.
NT‐pro brain natriuretic peptide levels and the risk of death in the cooperative study of sickle cell disease
Authors: Machado Roberto F. , Hildesheim Mariana , Mendelsohn Laurel , Remaley Alan T. , Kato Gregory J. , Gladwin Mark T. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryEpidemiological studies support a hypothesis that pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) that is associated with a high risk of death and evolves as a complication of haemolytic anaemia. This fundamental hypothesis has been recently challenged and remains controversial. In order to further test this hypothesis in a large and independent cohort of SCD patients we obtained plasma samples from the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) for analysis of a biomarker, N‐terminal‐pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), which is elevated in the setting of pulmonary arterial and venous hypertension. A NT‐pro‐BNP value previously identified to predict PH in adults with SCD was used to determine the association between the risk of mortality in 758 CSSCD participants (428 children and 330 adults). An abnormally high NT‐proBNP level ≥160 ng/l was present in 27·6% of adult SCD patients. High levels were associated with markers of haemolytic anaemia, such as low haemoglobin level (P < 0·001), high lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0·001), and high total bilirubin levels (P < 0·007). A NT‐proBNP level ≥160 ng/l was an independent predictor of mortality (RR 6·24, 95% CI 2·9–13·3, P < 0·0001). These findings provide further support for an association between haemolytic anaemia and cardiovascular complications in this patient population.
A test of a field‐based 15N–nitrous oxide pool dilution technique to measure gross N2O production in soil
Authors: Yang Wendy H. , Teh Yit Arn , Silver Whendee L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSoils are both a major source and sink of nitrous oxide (N2O), but the proportion of soil N2O production released to the atmosphere (termed the N2O yield) is poorly constrained due to the difficulty in measuring gross N2O production. The quantification of gross N2O fluxes would greatly improve our ability to predict N2O dynamics across the soil‐atmosphere interface. We report a new approach, the 15N2O pool dilution technique, to measure rates of gross N2O production and consumption under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, gross N2O production and consumption compared well between the 15N2O pool dilution and acetylene inhibition methods whereas the 15NO3− tracer method measured significantly higher rates. In the field, N2O emissions were not significantly affected by increasing chamber headspace concentrations up to 100 ppb 15N2O. The pool dilution model estimates of 14N2O and 15N2O concentrations as well as net N2O fluxes fit observed data very well, suggesting that the technique yielded robust estimates of gross N2O production. Estimated gross N2O consumption rates were underestimated relative to rates calculated as the difference between gross and net N2O production rates, possibly due to heterogeneous and/or inadequate tracer diffusion to deeper layers in the soil profile. Gross N2O production rates were high, averaging 8.4 ± 3.2 mg N m−2 day−1, and were most strongly correlated to mineral nitrogen concentrations and denitrifying enzyme activity (R2 = 0.73). Gross N2O production rates varied spatially, with the highest rates in soils with the best drainage and the highest mineral N availability. Estimated and calculated N2O consumption rates constrained the average N2O yield from 0.70 to 0.84. Our results demonstrate that the 15N2O pool dilution technique can provide well‐constrained estimates of N2O yields and field rates of gross N2O production correlated to soil characteristics, improving our understanding of terrestrial N2O dynamics.
Registered nurses’ thinking strategies on malnutrition and pressure ulcers in nursing homes: a scenario‐based think‐aloud study
Authors: Fossum Mariann , Alexander Gregory L , Göransson Katarina E , Ehnfors Margareta , Ehrenberg Anna 
Published: June 2011

Aim.  The aim of this study was to explore the thinking strategies and clinical reasoning processes registered nurses use during simulated care planning for malnutrition and pressure ulcers in nursing home care.Background.  Clinical reasoning is an essential component of nursing practice. Registered nurses’ thinking strategies and clinical reasoning have received limited attention in nursing science. Further research is needed to understand registered nurses’ clinical reasoning, especially for prevention of malnutrition and pressure ulcers as they are important quality indicators of resident care in nursing homes.Design.  A qualitative explorative design was used with a think‐aloud interview technique.Methods.  The transcribed verbalisations were analysed with qualitative deductive content analysis. Data were collected during six months in 2007–2008 from 30 registered nurses at nine nursing homes in Norway.Results.  The registered nurses used a variety of thinking strategies, but there were differences in the frequency of use of the different strategies. The three most commonly used thinking strategies were ‘making choices’, ‘forming relationships’ and ‘drawing conclusions’. None of the nurses performed a structured risk assessment of malnutrition or pressure ulcers. Registered nurses started with assessing data from the scenarios, but after a short and elementary assessment they moved directly to planning.Conclusion.  Many different thinking strategies were used in registered nurses’ clinical reasoning for prevention of malnutrition and pressure ulcers. The thinking strategy ‘making choices’ was most commonly used and registered nurses’ main focus in their reasoning was on planning nursing interventions.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study showed that most of the registered nurses go directly to planning when reasoning clinically about residents in nursing homes. A lack of systematic risk assessments was identified. The insight gained from this study can be used to recommend improvements in tools designed for nursing homes to support the registered nurses.
Computerized physician order entry system combined with on‐ward pharmacist: analysis of pharmacists' interventions
Authors: Bedouch Pierrick , Tessier Alexandre , Baudrant Magalie , Labarere José , Foroni Luc , Calop Jean , Bosson Jean‐Luc , Allenet Benoît 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  To analyse pharmacists' interventions in a setting where a computerized physician order entry system (CPOE) is in use and a pharmacist works on the ward.Method  A prospective cohort study was conducted in seven wards of a French teaching hospital using CPOE along with the presence of a full‐time on‐ward pharmacy resident. We documented the characteristics of pharmacists' interventions communicated to physicians during the medication order validation process whenever a drug‐related problem was identified. Independent predictors of the physician's acceptance of the pharmacist's intervention were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results  The 448 pharmacists' interventions concerned: non‐conformity to guidelines or contraindications (22%), too high doses (19%), drug interactions (15%) and improper administration (15%). The interventions consisted of changes in drug choice (41%), dose adjustment (23%), drug monitoring (19%) and optimization of administration (17%). Interventions were communicated via the CPOE in 57% of cases and 43% orally. The rate of physicians' acceptance was 79.2%. In multivariate analysis, acceptance was significantly associated with the physician's status [higher for residents vs. seniors: OR = 7.23, CI 95 (2.37–22.10), P < 0.01], method of communication [higher for oral vs. computer communication: OR = 12.5, CI 95 (4.16–37.57), P < 0.01] and type of recommendation [higher for drug monitoring vs. drug choice recommendations: OR = 10.32, CI 95 (3.20–33.29), P < 0.01].Conclusions  When a clinical pharmacist is present on a ward in which a CPOE is in use, the pharmacists' interventions are well accepted by physicians. Specific predictors of the acceptance by physicians emerge, but further research as to the impact of CPOE on pharmacist–physician communication is needed.
Physical violence between intimate partners during pregnancy and postpartum: a prediction model for use in primary health care facilities
Authors: Moraes Claudia L. , Tavares da Silva Tatiana de S. , Reichenheim Michael E. , Azevedo Gustavo L. , Dias Oliveira Alessandra S. , Braga José U. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryMoraes CL, Tavares da Silva TS, Reichenheim ME, Azevedo GL, Dias Oliveira AS, Braga JU. Physical violence between intimate partners during pregnancy and postpartum: a prediction model for use in primary health care facilities. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011; 25: 478–486.This article offers a simple predictive model of physical intimate partner violence (PIPV) to be used by primary health care (PHC) professionals. The sample comprised 811 mothers of children <5 months old attending PHC facilities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A multinomial logit model was used. Measured by the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, PIPV was classified in three levels (absence, at least one episode during pregnancy or postpartum, and presence in both periods). Socio‐economic, demographic and life style variables were considered as potential predictors. Maternal age <20 years, an education of <8 years of schooling, raising >2 children under 5, tobacco smoking, alcohol misuse and illicit drug use by the mother and/or partner, and perception of baby's ill‐health were identified as predictors of PIPV. The model‐projected prevalence of PIPV for pregnancy and/or postpartum was just 10.1% in the absence of these characteristics, whereas this increased to 96.4% when all the seven characteristics were present. Child, maternal and family characteristics greatly increase the likelihood of PIPV and could be used together as screening indicators.
Simultaneous administration of praziquantel, ivermectin and albendazole, in a community in rural northern Ghana endemic for schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Anto Francis , Asoala Victor , Anyorigiya Thomas , Oduro Abraham , Adjuik Martin , Akweongo Patricia , Aborigo Raymond , Bimi Langbong , Amankwa Joseph , Hodgson Abraham 
Published: June 2011

SummaryObjectives  To compare (i) side effects associated with the simultaneous adminstration of praziquantel, albendazole and ivermectin with side affects associated with albendazole and ivermectin only and (ii) coverage by volunteers distributing three or two drugs.Methods  Two‐arm comparative study in northern Ghana integrated praziquantel distribution into an existing lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis control programme using Community Directed Distributors. The control arm continued to distribute only ivermectin and albendazole. Dosages of ivermectin and praziquantel were based on height. Treatment was directly observed, and all two/three drugs were co‐administered. Adverse effects were recorded based on passive surveillance. Parasitological, anthropometric and haematological data were collected at baseline.Results  Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among 1001 (boys: 47.9% girls: 52.1%) school‐age children (6–15 years) [intervention: 30.0% (CI: 23.1–34.2); control: 23.0% (CI: 18.9–27.0)], mean haemoglobin, weight and age were similar among the intervention and control groups. While 1676 (99.1%) compounds in the control area were visited and 15 020 (96.58%) people were treated, only 1375 (88.5%) compounds in the intervention area were visited and 8454 (80.97%) people treated (P < 0.001). The numbers of adverse effects were similar (intervention: 50/6896; control: 130/15 020). The most reported adverse effects was headache (intervention: 14/50; control: 13/130), followed by body weakness, which was reported more from the intervention group (intervention: 13/50, 95% CI: 14.6–40.3; control: 6/130, 95% CI: 1.7–9.8]. Sixty‐six per cent (6896/10 441) of the eligible population received praziquantel.Conclusions  Reported adverse events were mild and managed at the subdistrict level with no cases of hospitalization; intensive health education will, however, be required to improve coverage.
Epstein–Barr virus DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood from pediatric transplant recipients
Authors: Kasztelewicz B. , Jankowska I. , Pawłowska J. , Teisseyre J. , Grenda R. , Pronicki M. , Dzierżanowska‐Fangrat K. 
Published: June 2011

B. Kasztelewicz, I. Jankowska, J. Pawłowska, J. Teisseyre, R. Grenda, M. Pronicki, K. Dzierżanowska‐Fangrat. Epstein–Barr virus DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood from pediatric transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 471–479. All rights reservedAbstract: Monitoring of circulating Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA in pediatric transplant patients has been shown to be useful in post‐transplant patient management. It still remains unclear which blood sample type is more suitable, and how EBV DNA levels in whole blood (WB) correlate with those in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aim of this study was to compare EBV DNA load in WB and PBMCs of pediatric transplant recipients. After liver, kidney, or combined liver–kidney transplantation, 172 matched WB and PBMCs samples were collected from 84 children (130 samples from 42 patients consisted of multiple collections). The EBV DNA level in PBMCs was determined by home‐made real‐time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan chemistry. In parallel, the viral load (VL) in WB was measured by a commercial LightCycler EBV Quant Kit. The EBV DNA levels and dynamics of VL changes were assessed and compared between WB and PBMCs. The overall correlation between EBV DNA level in PBMCs and WB was statistically significant and high, r2=0.87 (P<0.001). However, the sensitivity of EBV detection was lower in WB (93.9%). Longitudinal analysis of EBV DNA load dynamics in PBMCs and WB indicated that EBV DNA load fluctuations were larger in WB, but the trend of decreases and increases, with minor exceptions, was similar in both sample types. The high correlation of EBV DNA levels, as well as the similar dynamics of EBV DNA changes in both sample types, make WB a good alternative to EBV DNA monitoring in PBMCs of pediatric transplant recipients. However, the subtle increase of the VL may be detected earlier in PBMCs.
Phytate and phytase in fish nutrition
Authors: Kumar V. , Sinha A. K. , Makkar H. P. S. , De Boeck G. , Becker K. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryPhytate formed during maturation of plant seeds and grains is a common constituent of plant‐derived fish feed. Phytate‐bound phosphorus (P) is not available to gastric or agastric fish. A major concern about the presence of phytate in the aquafeed is its negative effect on growth performance, nutrient and energy utilization, and mineral uptake. Bound phytate‐P, can be effectively converted to available‐P by phytase. During the last decade, phytase has been used by aqua feed industries to enhance the growth performance, nutrient utilization and bioavailability of macro and micro minerals in fish and also to reduce the P pollution into the aquatic environment. Phytase activity is highly dependent on the pH of the fish gut. Unlike mammals, fish are either gastric or agastric, and hence, the action of dietary phytase varies from species to species. In comparison to poultry and swine production, the use of phytase in fish feed is still in an unproven stage. This review discusses effects of phytate on fish, dephytinisation processes, phytase and pathway for phytate degradation, phytase production systems, mode of phytase application, bioefficacy of phytase, effects of phytase on growth performance, nutrient utilization and aquatic environment pollution, and optimum dosage of phytase in fish diets.
How to set up a severe asthma service
Authors: MCDONALD VANESSA M. , VERTIGAN ANNE E. , GIBSON PETER G. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTSevere asthma affects 5–20% of the asthma population but is discordantly responsible for the major burden of illness and impairment to quality of life. Patients with severe asthma continue to experience ongoing symptoms despite maximal therapy. A severe asthma service provides a systematic approach to the management of the disease and aids in confirming the correct diagnosis, managing comorbid conditions that may mimic or aggravate asthma, and provides the environment to optimize treatment and asthma self‐management skills and education. A severe asthma service is also the ideal environment for trialling add‐on therapies and hence can improve patient outcomes and clinical practice. Within such a service there are many opportunities for training and research. In this article we describe the purpose of a severe asthma clinic, the necessary components of a service including staffing and facilities and the processes for trialling additional therapies used in the management of severe asthma.
Risk factors for pelvic lymphoceles post‐radical prostatectomy
Authors: Khoder Wael Y , Trottmann Matthias , Buchner Alexander , Stuber Andrea , Hoffmann Sabine , Stief Christian G , Becker Armin J 
Published: June 2011

Background:  Lymphoceles (LC) represent a well‐described rare complication post‐radical prostatectomy (RP). Our aim was to determine risk factors and to develop possible prevention strategies for LC in a community‐based study.Methods:  Data from 1163 RP‐patients from 67 clinics between January 2002 and December 2004 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients underwent pelvic imaging procedures/LC‐management during 3 weeks of rehabilitation post‐RP.Results:  LC were identified in 304 patients (26%). Lymphadenectomy was carried out in 92% of patients (1001/1086 patients), from which 28% had LC (n = 277) versus 14% without lymphadenectomy (12/85, P = 0.007). Complications (lower limb edema, pain, thrombosis, infection and bladder compression) were observed in 9% of patients (28/304; 2.4% of total patients); necessitating therapy. LC therapy was carried out in 59 patients (5.9%) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) and in no patients (0%) without PLND (P = 0.021). Risk factors included were patients' age, body mass index, prostate volume, TNM‐classification, number of removed lymph nodes, previous surgery/therapy, heparin prophylaxis, surgical instruments and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Univariate analysis showed lymphadenectomy as the only significant risk factor for the development of LC post‐RP (P = 0.007). When applying multivariate analyses using stepwise logistic regression, only lymphadenectomy was associated with a significant risk for lymphoceles (odds ratio = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3–4.9, P = 0.004). Adjusting for other factors, no other factor came close to being significant (P < 0.05). All symptomatic LC were successfully treated without further sequelae.Conclusions:  Subclinical LC post‐RP are more common than thought, and rarely necessitate intervention. Pelvic lymphadenectomy represents the only significant factor contributing to LC‐development. Because of this, prevention remains difficult.
A damage model for fatigue crack propagation from moderate to high ΔK levels
Authors: HAMON F. , HENAFF G. , HALM D. , GUEGUEN M. , BILLAUDEAU T. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTDifferent approaches have been developed to address the difficult issue of crack propagation simulation under monotonic loading. However, numerical models that can also account for crack growth under cyclic loading are much less numerous. The aim of the paper is to develop a numerical model to predict the behaviour of cracked panels under monotonic as well as under cyclic loading. In particular, the model has to simulate fatigue crack propagation at high ΔK levels for a wide variety of metallic alloys including aluminium alloys, titanium alloys and steels. An advanced fatigue model, developed in the framework of Continuum damage mechanics (CDM), is discussed in this paper. The CDM approach, initially proposed by Lemaitre, considers the effects associated to a given damage configuration through the definition of a thermodynamic state variable. This proper thermodynamic framework provides numerical robustness. This study examines the possibility to use such models to simulate fatigue crack propagation. The analysis of fracture modes and of –ΔK curves at different load ratios suggests that two damage mechanisms are involved in fatigue crack propagation. To improve the damage description of the Lemaitre model, two distinct damage variables are introduced. The evolution of the first one, called ‘static damage’, follows the classical Lemaitre formulation. The second one, ‘cyclic damage’ is related to cyclic cumulated plastic strain.