bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal microstructural changes following electroconvulsive therapy in severe depression
Authors: BERRE Alice LE , Attali David , Uszynski Ivy , Debacker Clément , Lui Maliesse , Charron Sylvain , Moyal Mylène , Ramon François , Henensal Adèle , Benzakoun Joseph , Poupon Cyril , Cachia Arnaud , Oppenheim Catherine , Plaze Marion 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) induces an increase in hippocampal volume presumed to reflect neurogenesis in severely depressed patients. We hypothesized that Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) provides in vivo evidence of hippocampal neurogenesis following ECT.
Methods
This prospective longitudinal study included 43 depressed patients treated by ECT. Three sequential evaluations (V1: baseline, V2: at 2 weeks into ECT, V3: 14 days within completing ECT) included a 3T MR-scan with 3D T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion (b = 200/1500/2500 s/mm2, 30/45/60 directions) sequences and clinical assessment with depression scales. Q-ball, Diffusion Tensor and NODDI models provided the following metrics: axial (AD), radial (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA) and generalized FA (GFA), neurite density index (NDI), isotropic fraction (Fiso), neurite orientation and dispersion index (ODI). FreeSurfer was used to extract whole hippocampal and subfields volumes from T1-weighted images. A linear mixed-effect model assessed the changes over time in hippocampal volumes and mean diffusion metrics, and their relationship with clinical response was analyzed with ANOVA. Bonferroni corrections were applied.
Results
107 MRI were obtained at V1 (n = 43), V2 (n = 34) and V3 (n = 30) from 43 patients. Mean (± SD) interval between V1-V3 was 70 ± 25 days. Diffusion metrics in the hippocampus were: at V2, a decrease in left GFA, right AD, bilateral Fiso, and a bilateral ODI increase. Additionally, at V3, we observed a left MD decrease, bilateral AD decrease, right NDI increase, and bilateral ODI increase. Notably, NDI and Fiso changes were localized to the dentate gyrus but not to the hippocampal tail. ECT-responders showed a significant right hippocampus volume increase at 2 weeks into ECT.
Conclusion
After ECT, the observed increase in hippocampal volume is accompanied by bilateral changes in NODDI parameters, consistent with hippocampal neuroplasticity.
Analysis of Variations in Coverage of Primary Health Centre: a Comparative Study Based on Chamoli &amp; Rudraprayag Districts
Authors: Kalita Neelkamal Alomayan , Vasishtha Guru 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Accessibility to the health center is poorly understood in most developing countries. Regardless of development, it is a challenge to provide healthcare services to the entire population. Access to health care in a given location is influenced by many factors, including the availability of health services in the area (supply), the number of people living in that location (demand), the population’s health status, the socio-economic and financial resources available to the population, people’s knowledge about health and the health care system, and geographical impedance between population and health services
Methodology: To measure the coverage of the Primary Health Centre (PHC), a catchment area model has been made by Voronoi map analysis and with the help of Euclidean buffer modeling used in both the hill districts of Uttarakhand i.e. Rudraprayag & Chamoli.
Results: Although Uttarakhand has achieved 85% of Institutional delivery, still it is very low according to the target set by National Population Policy 2000. It has been observed that there is an apparent disparity in the coverage of healthcare services. In a few pockets of the district, the population pressure on PHCs is as high as 50000 which is definitely due to the shortfall of PHCs in the district of Chamoli. The study identifies the rendered white zones of the district. It helps researchers and policymakers to develop infrastructure in terms of improving coverage of PHCs or identifying the optimal location as well as the population for setting up more PHCs.
Conclusions: Uttarakhand's healthcare coverage is low despite achieving 85% of institutional delivery. Population pressure on Public Health Centres (PHCs) is high in Chamoli, causing a shortage. Based on the terrain and elevation of the region, a dynamic population threshold for setting up PHCs, focusing mainly on accessibility should be adopted.
Improved SO-optimized SVM fault prediction for wind turbine pitch systems
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Ming , Fu Chao , Wang Jin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

To address complex fault risk for wind turbine pitch systems working under the long-term operation and harsh environment, a fault prediction method based on Swarm Optimization (SO) algorithm and optimized Support Vector Machine (SVM) is proposed. Firstly, principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted to identify the core feature values from a datasets of wind turbine variable pitch systems containing operating data and feature extraction. Secondly, an Improved Swarm Optimization (ISO) algorithm is introduced to resolve sample imbalances and parameter selections in traditional SVM algorithms, which can improve the prediction accuracy and iteration speed. By utilizing Latin hypercube sampling, the algorithm searches for the optimal solution across all parameter spaces. It combines the frosting algorithm (RIME) with mirror imaging reverse learning to enhance adaptability to complex problems and improves the algorithm's convergence time by accelerating the iteration speed of the population. Lastly, the ISO-SVM algorithm is utilized to develop a fault prediction model for wind turbine pitch and performs excellently in fault prediction. The experimental results indicate the proposed method has achieved an increased prediction accuracy of 98.67% compared with other algorithms. Moreover, the proposed approach significantly improves the accuracy of fault prediction for the pitch system of wind turbines, addressing the primary issues in fault prediction for the pitch system of wind turbines.
Trends in inpatient orthopedic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A nationwide data study
Authors: Nishizawa Mitsuhiro , Nagata Kosei , Adejuyigbe Babapelumi , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Yamada Koji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality globally. The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) covers 99.9% of health insurance claim receipts by general practitioners. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nationwide number of inpatient orthopedic surgeries in Japan during the effect of state of emergency (SoE) due to COVID-19.
Method
The NDB has been publicly available since 2014. We retrospectively reviewed the NDB from April 2019 to March 2022. We gathered the monthly number of all inpatient orthopedic surgeries. We also classified orthopedic surgeries into the following 11 categories by using K-codes, Japanese original surgery classification: fracture, arthroplasty, spine, arthroscopy, hardware removal, hand, infection/amputation, ligament/tendon, tumor, joint, and others. By using the average number from April to December 2019 as the reference period, we investigated the increase or decrease orthopedic surgeries during the pandemic period.
Results
The NDB showed that the average number of total inpatient orthopedic surgeries during the reference period was 115,343 per month. In May 2020, monthly inpatient orthopedic surgeries decreased by 29.6% to 81,169 surgeries, accounting for 70.3% of the reference period. The second SoE in 2021 saw no change, while the third and fourth SoEs showed slight decreases compared to the reference period. Hardware removal and tumor surgeries in May 2020 decreased to 45.3% and 45.5%, respectively, while fracture surgeries had relatively small decreases.
Conclusion
According to NDB, approximately 1.3 million orthopedic inpatient surgeries were performed or claimed in a year in Japan. In May 2020, the first SoE period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of inpatient orthopedic surgeries in Japan decreased by 30%. Meanwhile, the decrease was relatively small during the SoE periods in 2021.
Why aren’t we doing better? Are dentists and dental students prepared to support patients with lived experience of intimate partner violence and abuse?
Authors: Farmer Sarah , Ellis Janice , Alderson Hayley 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) is a public health crisis with long term implications for an individual’s mental and physical health. IPVA can result in head and neck trauma, including oral injuries, placing dentists in a unique position to be able to identify at risk patients. It is therefore important to understand any barriers dentists may experience when supporting IPVA patients.
Aims
The aim of this study was to explore whether dentists and dental students are prepared to support patients with lived experience of IPVA.
Method
This study adopted a qualitative cross-sectional research design using focus groups and interviews. Data was collected using the principles of grounded theory and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Data was collected from 14 dentists and 22 dental students. Results showed that dentists and dental students did not feel confident or prepared identifying and responding to patients they suspected were experiencing IPVA. Barriers included a lack of practical knowledge and fear of ‘getting it wrong’ resulting in professional paralysis.
Conclusion
Improving current safeguarding educational frameworks at both undergraduate and postgraduate could be key to improving the confidence and practical knowledge of dental practitioners.
Risk Factors of Textbook Outcome in Laparoscopic Pancreatoduodenectomy: results from a prospective high-volume center study
Authors: Cai He , Lu Fei , Gao Pan , Zhang Man , Wang Xin , Li Yongbin , Meng Lingwei , Peng Bing , Cai Yunqiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Achieving textbook outcome (TO) means smooth recovery after operation without specified composite complications. This study aimed to assess TO in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) and find independent risk factors for achieving it.
Methods
We performed a retrospective data analysis from a randomized controlled trial in LPD conducted at West China Hospital (ChiCTR1900026653). Patients were classified into the TO and non-TO groups. Perioperative variables were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to find the risk factors.
Results
Overall, 200 consecutive patients undergoing LPD were included in this study. TO was achieved in 82.5% (n = 165). Female patients (OR: 2.628, 95% CI: 1.101–6.269; P = 0.029) or patients with a hard pancreatic texture (OR: 2.551, 95% CI: 1.054–6.172; P = 0.038) were associated with an increased probability of achieving TO.
Conclusions
TO can be achieved in more than 80% of patients in a high-volume LPD center. The independent risk factors associated with achieving TO included male and soft pancreatic texture.
Evaluation of Ankle Pump Combined with Compression Abdominal Belts on Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Guo Weihang , Ruan Zheng , Chang Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the impact of ankle pump exercises combined with automated compression abdominal belts on orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted from November 2021 to March 2023 at the Department of Neurology, Capital Medical University Hospital. Ninety-two patients with Parkinson’s disease with orthostatic hypotension were divided into four groups: ankle pump exercise, abdominal belt, combined intervention (exercise + belt), and a control group, with 23 patients in each group. Interventions lasted for 10 days. The primary endpoint was the improvement of the orthostatic BP drop at 1/3/5 minutes after 10 days of intervention compared to baseline. Secondary endpoints included improvements in orthostatic intolerance symptoms as assessed by the Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment (OHSA), the Orthostatic Hypotension Daily Activities Scale (OHDAS), and the Orthostatic Grading Scale (OGS).
Results: Compared to the control group, the combined intervention group showed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure after standing for 3 minutes (-12.1 mmHg, 95% CI: -20.8 to -3.5; P=0.03) and 5 minutes (-11.9 mmHg, 95% CI: -20.7 to -3.2; P=0.04). Significant enhancements in OHSA, OHDAS, and OGS scores were also observed in the combined intervention group.
Conclusion: Ankle pump exercise combined with automated compression abdominal belts can effectively reduce orthostatic hypotension and alleviate symptoms of orthostatic intolerance in patients with Parkinson’s disease, potentially enhancing their quality of life.
Analysis of the Carbon Emissions Trend in the Indian Manufacturing sector: A Decomposition and Decoupling Approach
Authors: Sharma Himja , Padhi Balakrushna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

There is a growing emphasis on fostering green growth and lowering carbon emissions in order to achieve sustainable economic development. This study uses the Tapio decoupling model and analyzes the factors influencing changes in carbon emissions from manufacturing in India utilizing the Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) techniques. Furthermore, the nexus between carbon emission intensity, information and communication technology (ICT), total factor productivity (TFP), skill, and energy intensity has been analyzed using the system-GMM approach. It is based on the plant-level Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) datasets for the organised manufacturing sector of India from 2001-02 to 2019-20 for the major 21 Indian states/UT. The findings reflect the presence of weak decoupling in the manufacturing sector both at the aggregate level and in states. This indicates that both output and emissions are increasing however, output growth surpasses emission growth, which signifies an effort to transition towards more environmentally friendly production methods and enhanced energy efficiency. The output and population effect are found to be leading factors in carbon emissions, while energy intensity is found to be reducing the effect. Further, the system-GMM estimates show that ICT and energy intensity positively affect total factor productivity, while with an increase in carbon emission intensity, productivity declines. The study confirms the existence of an inverted N-shaped Kuznets curve in the sector. This present study will contribute to formulating energy and environmental strategies to reduce emissions and promote adopting cleaner energy sources. These efforts will facilitate the attainment of carbon neutrality and enhance energy efficiency within the sector.
JEL Classification: C33, P18, Q43
Propulsion Performance of the Full-Active Hydrofoil under Asymmetric Arc-Trajectory
Authors: Qi Zhanfeng , Xing Ziwen , Shang Zhiyuan , Chen Xuanyu , Liu Yan , Li Haolei , Qin Yufeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Unmanned vessels, essential for ocean observation, often utilize an active hydrofoil propulsion system. When a vessel moves in waves, the tilted swing arm causes the motion trajectory of the hydrofoil to be asymmetric. This study employs a turbulence model with a Reynolds number of 105, simulated using the finite volume method (FVM) and the Navier-Stokes equations. Numerical simulations are then used to analyze the effects of the swing arm amplitude, arm length, and asymmetry ratio on the propulsive performance of a full-active hydrofoil with an asymmetric arc-trajectory. This asymmetrical arc-trajectory has a significant impact on the propulsion performance of the hydrofoil, especially when the asymmetry ratio is large. When the asymmetry ratio is 0.66, the mean thrust coefficient of the hydrofoil decreases by 68.37%, compared to the symmetric case. We further point out that such decrease is achieved through changes in foil flapping velocities and foil-vortex interactions between unequal down-stroke and up-stroke phases. However, when the asymmetry ratio is small, the impact of the asymmetric arc-trajectory can be almost negligible. Additionally, we find that the propulsion performance of the hydrofoil increases with increasing swing arm amplitude and arm length. These findings not only provide insights toward the hydrodynamics characteristics of the hydrofoil in asymmetric arc-trajectory mode, but also offer a reference to the design of the high-performance flapping hydrofoil propulsion system.
Analysis of gait kinematic parameters of Chinese children based on human pose estimation algorithm
Authors: Lin Jincong , Li Yi , Wang Yongtao , Sha Jia , Xie Kunjie , Fan Zongzhi , Lei Wei , Yan Yabo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The change and development of gait in children is of great importance to clinicians; however, reference data for the quantitative analysis of gait in Chinese children is lacking. This study aimed to describe the gait kinematics of Chinese children aged 3–12 years. In addition, we wanted to explore whether there are differences in the gait kinematics parameters in Chinese children of different age groups and establish a database of gait kinematics parameters of Chinese children with average development.
Methods
A total of 198 children with average development were included in the study and divided into three age groups: group A (3–5 years), group B (6–8 years), and group C (9–12 years). Two smartphone camera were used to record the sagittal and coronal planes of the participants while walking. At least three complete walking videos were recorded for each participant. The video was imported into a computer terminal. Gait evaluation software based on the human posture estimation algorithm was used to analyse the video, and the gait kinematic parameter data of the sagittal and coronal planes were extracted. Analysis of variance was used to determine whether there were differences in the data among the three groups.
Results
The comparison of walking posture among the three age groups showed that there were significant differences in the maximum flexion angle of hip joint, the maximum extension angle, the maximum flexion angle of knee joint and the minimum flexion value of knee joint in sagittal plane (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in knee joint swing amplitude and ankle joint swing amplitude in coronal direction (p < 0.05). the post hoc comparisons revealed that it was found that there were significant differences in the above-mentioned kinematic gait parameters between group A and group C (p < 0.05). In addition, the objective reference data of various kinematic parameters varying with age are established, and the confidence band and prediction band of each age are drawn.
Conclusions
Age is an important factor that affects kinematic gait parameters in children. With increasing age, the kinematic parameters of walking posture exhibited a certain trend of change. Therefore, establishing a standard gait database that varies with age is necessary. Through this method, children of each age have corresponding objective reference data, providing scientific quantitative data and clinical significance for clinicians and parents.
Suppression of the JAK/STAT Pathway Inhibits Neuroinflammation in the Line 61-PFF Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Hong Huixian , Wang Yong , Menard Marissa , Buckley Jessica , Zhou Lianna , Volpicelli-Daley Laura , Standaert David , Qin Hongwei , Benveniste Etty 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by neuroinflammation, progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, and accumulation of a-synuclein (a-Syn) into insoluble aggregates called Lewy pathology. The Line 61 a-Syn mouse is an established preclinical model of PD; Thy-1 is used to promote human a-Syn expression, and features of sporadic PD develop at 9-18 months of age. To accelerate the PD phenotypes, we injected sonicated human a-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum, which produced phospho-Syn (p-a-Syn) inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta and significantly increased MHC Class II-positive immune cells. Additionally, there was enhanced infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells in the midbrain. We then used this new model, Line 61-PFF, to investigate the effect of inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which is critical for regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. After administration of the JAK1/2 inhibitor AZD1480, immunofluorescence staining showed a significant decrease in p-a-Syn inclusions and MHC Class II expression. Flow cytometry showed reduced infiltration of CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, CD19+ B-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and endogenous microglia into the midbrain. Importantly, single-cell RNA-Sequencing analysis of CD45+ cells from the midbrain identified 9 microglia clusters, 5 monocyte/macrophage (MM) clusters, and 5 T-cell (T) clusters, in which potentially pathogenic MM4 and T3 clusters were associated with neuroinflammatory responses in Line 61-PFF mice. AZD1480 treatment reduced cell numbers and cluster-specific expression of the antigen-presentation genes H2-Eb1, H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, and Cd74 in the MM4 cluster and proinflammatory genes such as Tnf, Il1b, C1qa, and C1qc in the T3 cluster. Together, these results indicate that inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway suppresses the activation and infiltration of innate and adaptive cells, reducing neuroinflammation in the Line 61-PFF mouse model.
ZDDP Tribofilm Formation and Removal
Authors: Ueda Mao , Spikes Hugh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

While ZDDP tribofilm formation has been widely studied, the mechanism of ZDDP tribofilm removal during rubbing is still unclear. The study employs a ball on disc tribometer to monitor ZDDP tribofilm development in rolling-sliding, mixed lubrication conditions. It is found that when ZDDP tribofilms are formed very rapidly, as is the case with short alkyl chain, secondary ZDDPs, a large proportion of the initially-formed tribofilm is suddenly lost during rubbing. By contrast, the tribofilms that form more slowly from primary ZDDPs and longer chain secondaries are not partially lost during rubbing. XPS analysis showed that rapidly-formed tribofilm before its partial removal has a very small Zn/O, and a high BO/NBO. This suggests that such tribofilm contains a significant proportion of ultraphosphate, which is likely to have a relatively weak structure due to lack of stabilising cations. This may result in the tribofilm being partially removed when it reaches a certain thickness. By comparison, the remaining tribofilm, and also tribofilms that form slowly, have high Zn/O and low BO/NBO. This suggests that they consist of short chain polyphosphates and are thus stronger and more durable. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT