bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel induces regression of cancerous transformation in actinic keratoses
Authors: Dirschka T , Bierhoff E , Pflugfelder A , Garbe C 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground  Actinic keratoses (AKs) are frequently diagnosed in dermatological patients. As they represent in situ carcinomas, effective treatment is required.Objectives  We investigated the effect of topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel on AK.Methods  Sixty‐five patients with AKs were clinically evaluated before and after 3 months’ treatment with topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic gel. Biopsy specimens were taken and stained with haematoxylin‐eosin and immunohistological markers. Specimens were evaluated for histological type of AKs using the AK classification scheme suggested by Röwert‐Huber et al. [(early) in situ squamous cell carcinoma type AK Grade I–III], number of mitoses per high‐power field and expression of immunohistological markers.Results  Complete clinical resolution was observed in 11 patients (16.9%). A significant (P < 0.001) downgrading of AK grade was observed. Complete histological resolution was achieved in 15 patients (23.1%). The number of mitoses per high‐power field was reduced significantly (P < 0.001). The expression of anti‐p53‐antibody decreased significantly (P = 0.009), as did the expression of anti‐MiB‐1 antibody (P = 0.021).Conclusions  3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel causes regression of signs of cancerous transformation after 3 months’ therapy.
Serum and salivary desmoglein 1 and 3 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in pemphigus vulgaris: correlation with phenotype and severity
Authors: Hallaji Z , Mortazavi H , Lajevardi V , Tamizifar B , AmirZargar A , Daneshpazhooh M , Chams‐Davatchi C 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground  To the best of our knowledge there is only one report about salivary desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in pemphigus vulgaris (PV), whereas several studies have been performed on serum.Aims  To find the sensitivity of serum and salivary anti‐Dsg1 and 3 antibodies in the diagnosis of PV, and to determine the relationship between disease severity and phenotype with antibody levels.Methods  Fifty new patients with PV were included in this study. The diagnosis of PV was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. Demographical data, disease severity and phenotypes were recorded on questionnaire sheets. Dsg1 and Dsg3 ELISA were performed on serum and salivary samples of patients and controls.Results  Thirty‐seven patients had mucocutaneous phenotype; whereas mucosal dominant and cutaneous dominant phenotypes were seen in 11 and 2 patients respectively. The sensitivities of serum anti‐Dsg3 and anti‐Dsg1 were 94% and 72% respectively. The sensitivities of salivary anti‐Dsg3 and anti‐Dsg1 antibodies were accordingly 94% and 70%. Compared with mucosal phenotype, serum and salivary anti‐Dsg1 antibodies were significantly higher in the patients with mucocutaneous phenotype. Serum Dsg1 antibodies were related with cutaneous and serum Dsg3 antibodies with mucosal severity scores. Salivary Dsg1 antibodies were significantly correlated with mucosal severity (P = 0.00); however there was no correlation between this antibody and cutaneous severity (P = 0.07). Salivary Dsg3 antibodies were not correlated with mucosal severity (P = 0.16).Conclusion  Saliva Dsg ELISA could be used for diagnosis of PV. Salivary Dsg1 antibodies had a significant correlation with mucosal severity.
High proportion of protected minke whales sold on Japanese markets is due to illegal, unreported or unregulated exploitation
Authors: Lukoschek V. , Funahashi N. , Lavery S. , Dalebout M. L. , Cipriano F. , Baker C. S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhale meat products sold on Japanese markets originate from two stocks of North Pacific (NP) minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata scammoni: the depleted J‐stock, which has been protected since 1986 but continues to be killed as fisheries ‘bycatch’, and the more abundant O‐stock, which is hunted under special permit (scientific whaling). We investigated the geographic distribution and temporal changes in stock composition of NP minke whale products sold on Japanese markets between December 1997 and June 2004. From nearly 1200 ‘whale meat’ products purchased during this time, 250 were identified as NP minke whales by phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. The 250 NP minke whale products were found to represent 201 unique ‘market individuals’ after exclusion of replicate products using microsatellite genotypes. Market individuals were further classified into four mtDNA haplogroups, three of which are characteristic of the J‐stock (J‐type) and one characteristic of the O‐stock (O‐type). There were moderate differences in the proportions of J‐type individuals found in coastal prefectures, perhaps reflecting regional differences in the sale of local bycatch, but no significant difference across time. The absence of a change over time was inconsistent with the four‐ to fivefold increase in reported bycatch, from an average of 25–122 whales year−1, following a 2001 regulation allowing commercial sale of whales taken as bycatch. Using a mixed‐stock analysis based on haplogroup frequencies over the entire survey period, we estimated that 46.1% (se, 4.2%) of all market individuals originated from the J‐stock. This estimate of illegal, unreported or unregulated (IUU) exploitation is higher than expected from the officially reported bycatch, suggesting either large‐scale under‐reporting and/or unrecognized takes of J‐stock minke whales from Pacific coastal waters by the scientific hunt. Our estimates of the true level of IUU exploitation have important implications for recovery of this depleted coastal stock.
The Plantar Response in Infants and Children
Authors: HOLT K. S. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYThe extensor plantar, or Babinski response consists of dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of the other toes, produced by firm painful stroking of the sole of the foot. This response is not always associated with an anatomical lesion of the pyramidal tract, as was thought for a long time, but it is a very useful clinical sign indicating at least functional disturbance of the central nervous system. In all small babies the plantar response is extensor and can be elicited from a wide receptive zone. This zone diminishes as the infant grows older until towards the second year of age, when the normal response is flexor. The significance of the plantar response in cerebral palsy would bear careful re‐examination.RÉSUMÉLa réponse plantaire dans Ľinfirmité motrice cérébrateLa réponse plantaire en extension, dite de Babinski, consiste en la flexion dorsale du gros orteil et en Ľétalement des autres orteils par suite ďattouchements fermes et douloureux de la plante du pied. Cette réponse n'est pas toujours associée à une lesion anatomique du système pyramidal comme on le crut longtemps mais est une indication clinique très utile, tout au moins en ce qui concerne les troubles fonctionnels du systeme nerveux central. Chez tous les jeunes bébés, la réponse plantaire est en extension et peut être suscitée sur une zone réceptive étendue. Cette zone diminue au fur et à mesure que Ľenfant grandit jusque vers deux ans, âge où la réponse normale est en flexion. Le sens à donner á la réponse plantaire, dans Ľinfirmité motrice cérébrale, aurait besoin ďêtre réexaminé avec soin.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Fusssohlenantwort bei ZerebrallähmungDie Fusssohlenantwort in Streckung oder Babinskisches Phänomen besteht aus Dorsi‐flexion der grossen Zehe und Spreizung der anderen Zehen nach festem und schmerz erregendem Bestreichen der Fusssohle. Diese Antwort ist nicht immer mit einer anatomischen Schädigung der Pyramidalbahn verbunden, wie man es lange geglaubt hat, ist aber ein sehr nützliches Klinisches Zeichen, wenigstens für die funktionnellen Störungen des Zentralnervensystems. Bei alien Säuglingen ist die Fusssohlenantwort in Streckung und kann auf einem ausgedehnten empfänglichen Gebiete hervorgerufen werden. Dieses Gebiet nimmt, während das kind wächst, nach und nach ab, bis um das zweite Lebensjahr, wo die normale Antwort Beugung wird. Es wäre notig, die Bedeutung der Fusssohlenantwort bei Zerebrallähmung von Neuem eingehend zu studieren.
Brain Function and the 5‐Hydroxyindoles*
Authors: SANDLER M. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYA review of the 5‐hydroxyindole pathways of tryptophan metabolism is presented and evidence pertaining to their role in normal brain function is examined.A possible connection between disordered mental function and disturbance in these metabolic pathways is discussed, with special reference to phenylketonuria, in which a decreased production of 5‐hydroxytryptamine has been detected, and to other forms of mental defect, in which an increased production has been described. Assay of serum 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels may prove a useful test in the early diagnosis of mental handicap in children.The inter‐relationship between 5‐hydroxytryptamine and other amines present in the brain is stressed.RÉSUMÉLafonction cérébrate et les 5‐hydroxy indolesPrésentation des cheminements du 5‐hydroxyindole dans le métabolisme du tryptophan, et examen des preuves de son rôle dans la fonction cérébrale normale.Une relation possible entre les troubles de la fonction mentale et les troubles du chemine‐ment dans ce métabolisme est discutée, avec étude spéciale de la phénylcétonurie, au cours de laquelle a été décelée une diminution de la sécrétion de la 5‐hydroxytryptamine, ainsi que ďautres formes de déficience mentale dans lesquelles une augmentation de la sécrétion était constatée. Des déterminations des taux de la 5‐hydroxytryptamine sérique peuvent se révéler utiles dans le diagnostic précoce des handicaps mentaux chez les enfants.Ľauteur souligne Ľinterrelation qui existe entre la 5‐hydroxytryptamine et les autres amines présentes dans le cerveau.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Hirnfimktion und die 5‐HydroxyindoleUbersicht der 5‐Hydroxyindole des Tryptophanstoffwechsels und Untersuchung der Beweise ihrer Rolle in der normalen Hirnfunktion.Ein eventualer Zusammenhang zwischen den Störungen der geistigen Tätigkeit und den Störungen in diesem Stoffwechselwandel werden erörtert mit spezieller Verweisung auf Phenylketonuria, bei der eine Verminderung der 5‐Hydroxytriptaminerzeugung entdeckt wurde, sowie auf andere Schwachsinnformen, bei denen eine Zunahme der Sekretion beschrieben wurde. Prüfungen des 5‐Hydroxytryptamingehalts im Serum können sich für frühzeitige Diagnose der geistigen Defekte bei Kindern nützlich erweisen.Die gegenseitigen Beziehungen zwischen 5‐Hydroxytryptamin und anderen im Gehirn vorhandenen Aminen werden betont.
Adaptation of neuronal cells to chronic oxidative stress is associated with altered cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis and lysosomal function
Authors: Clement Angela B. , Gamerdinger Martin , Tamboli Irfan Y. , Lütjohann Dieter , Walter Jochen , Greeve Isabell , Gimpl Gerald , Behl Christian 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChronic oxidative stress has been causally linked to several neurodegenerative disorders. As sensitivity for oxidative stress greatly differs between brain regions and neuronal cell types, specific cellular mechanisms of adaptation to chronic oxidative stress should exist. Our objective was to identify molecular mechanisms of adaptation of neuronal cells after applying chronic sublethal oxidative stress. We demonstrate that cells resistant to oxidative stress exhibit altered cholesterol and sphingomyelin metabolisms. Stress‐resistant cells showed reduced levels of molecules involved in cholesterol trafficking and intracellular accumulation of cholesterol, cholesterol precursors, and metabolites. Moreover, stress‐resistant cells exhibited reduced SMase activity. The altered lipid metabolism was associated with enhanced autophagy. Treatment of stress‐resistant cells with neutral SMase reversed the stress‐resistant phenotype, whereas it could be mimicked by treatment of neuronal cells with a specific inhibitor of neutral SMase. Analysis of hippocampal and cerebellar tissue of mouse brains revealed that the obtained cell culture data reflect the in vivo situation. Stress‐resistant cells in vitro showed similar features as the less vulnerable cerebellum in mice, whereas stress‐sensitive cells resembled the highly sensitive hippocampal area. These findings suggest an important role of the cell type‐specific lipid profile for differential vulnerabilities of different brain areas toward chronic oxidative stress.
Knockdown of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor attenuates excitotoxicity and enhances NMDA‐induced BDNF expression in cortical neurons
Authors: Lin Chun‐Hua , Chen Chien‐Chang , Chou Chih‐Ming , Wang Chen‐Yu , Hung Chia‐Chi , Chen Julia Y. , Chang Heng‐Wei , Chen Yung‐Chuan , Yeh Gean Chan , Lee Yi‐Hsuan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNMDA receptors play dual and opposing roles in neuronal survival by mediating the activity‐dependent neurotrophic signaling and excitotoxic cell death via synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), also known as the dioxin receptor, is involved in the expression and the opposing activities of NMDA receptors. In primary cultured cortical neurons, we found that NMDA excitotoxicity is significantly enhanced by an AhR agonist 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin, and AhR knockdown with small interfering RNA significantly reduces NMDA excitotoxicity. AhR knockdown also significantly reduces NMDA‐increases intracellular calcium concentration, NMDA receptor expression and surface presentation, and moderately decreases the NMDA receptor‐mediated spontaneous as well as miniature excitatory post‐synaptic currents. However, AhR knockdown significantly enhances the bath NMDA application– but not synaptic NMDA receptor‐induced brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression, and activating AhR reduces the bath NMDA‐induced BDNF expression. Furthermore, AhR knockdown reveals the calcium dependency of NMDA‐induced BDNF expression and the binding activity of cAMP‐responsive element binding protein (CREB) and its calcium‐dependent coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP) to the BDNF promoter upon NMDA treatment. Together, our results suggest that AhR opposingly regulates NMDA receptor‐mediated excitotoxicity and neurotrophism possibly by differentially regulating the expression of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors.
Mass spectrometry analysis of the phospholipase A2 activity of snake pre‐synaptic neurotoxins in cultured neurons
Authors: Paoli Marco , Rigoni Michela , Koster Grielof , Rossetto Ornella , Montecucco Cesare , Postle Anthony D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSnake pre‐synaptic phospholipase A2 neurotoxins paralyse the neuromuscular junction by releasing phospholipid hydrolysis products that alter curvature and permeability of the pre‐synaptic membrane. Here, we report results deriving from the first chemical analysis of the action of these neurotoxic phospholipases in neurons, made possible by the use of high sensitivity mass spectrometry. The time–course of the phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2) hydrolysis of notexin, β‐bungarotoxin, taipoxin and textilotoxin acting in cultured neurons was determined. At variance from their enzymatic activities in vitro, these neurotoxins display comparable kinetics of lysophospholipid release in neurons, reconciling the large discrepancy between their in vivo toxicities and their in vitro enzymatic activities. The ratios of the lyso derivatives of phosphatidyl choline, ethanolamine and serine obtained here together with the known distribution of these phospholipids among cell membranes, suggest that most PLA2 hydrolysis takes place on the cell surface. Although these toxins were recently shown to enter neurons, their intracellular hydrolytic action and the activation of intracellular PLA2s appear to contribute little, if any, to the phospholipid hydrolysis measured here.
High‐accuracy photogrammetric technique for human spine measurement
Authors: Chong Albert K. , Milburn Peter , Newsham‐West Richard , Voert Marieketer 
Published: August 2009

AbstractClose range photogrammetry has been recognised as an essential tool for the capture of high‐accuracy spatial data for medical applications, in particular work involving dynamic human body parts such as limbs. Offline and online photogrammetric systems are readily available for a number of common applications. However, off‐the‐shelf systems are not always appropriate because of project site conditions. To achieve high measurement accuracy in a field environment, a modified field camera calibration technique was introduced. The technique is particularly important where each camera is limited to one captured image during calibration, as the camera and the calibration testfield are in fixed positions. In this paper a custom‐built imaging system designed for the study of the human spine in an outdoor environment is introduced. The discussion addresses: (1) imaging system design; (2) modified field calibration techniques; and (3) a case study on human spines. Two field camera calibration techniques were evaluated, both of which improved the accuracy of the prototype system, the use of a detachable target board offering the best results. This modified camera calibration procedure has improved the 3D measurement accuracy from 1·25 ± 0·3 mm to 0·43 ± 0·1 mm. The improvement is at a level achievable in the laboratory. The technique is considered to provide accurate and reliable anthropometric landmark measurement at low cost. This was evaluated in a clinical setting where diurnal changes in spine length and contour were measured in a cohort of 30 university students. The capability of the technique to measure sagittal and frontal angular changes provides a novel way of examining changes in spine shape.
Precise, automatic and fast method for vanishing point detection
Authors: Kalantari Mahzad , Jung Franck , Guedon Jeanpierre 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new automated approach for vanishing point detection in images of urban scenes is described. This method is based on the theorem of Thales. The main contribution of this paper is the automatic and simultaneous detection of all vanishing points of the image, achieved by converting this problem into the detection of circles in a complex cloud of points, in which each point corresponds to a segment and is associated with an uncertainty. This extraction of circles uses a RANSAC method, modified to improve its speed by using accumulation techniques (Hough transform or otherwise). This robust estimation is then refined by least squares error propagation using the individual variances of each segment. The algorithm is robust, its accuracy is optimised and it is entirely automatic. Its successful operation has been tested on a large number of images of varied urban scenes.
Recent Trends in Utilization of Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest in the United States
Authors: SABA SAMIR , RAVIPATI LAKSHMI PRASAD , VOIGT ANDREW 
Published: August 2009

Background:

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a class I indication for implantable defibrillator (ICD) therapy. We studied the trend of ICD utilization in survivors of CA in the US population between 2002 and 2006.
Methods:

We searched the National Hospital Discharge Survey for patients admitted with the primary diagnosis of CA who survived to hospital discharge. Patients with a concomitant diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or previous ICD implantation were excluded.
Results:

From 2002 to 2006, 758 patients were surveyed representing 88,920 discharges. Of those, 396 (52.2%) representing 48,098 discharges did not survive to hospital discharge. Of the remaining 362 (representing 38,855) patients, 38.4% received an ICD prior to discharge. Independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality included older age, female gender, black race, smaller hospital of discharge, and a higher number of organ failures (P < 0.001 for all). Using logistic regression, patients who were discharged with an ICD were more likely to have been discharged from a larger hospital (odds ratio = 2.35 for each additional 100 beds, P < 0.001) and to be less sick (odds ratio = 0.85 for each additional organ failure, P < 0.001). There was no gender or racial discrepancy in the ICD utilization after CA.
Conclusions:

Despite their class I indication after CA, ICDs continue to be underutilized, but the previously documented racial gaps have disappeared. Our data reveal a large discrepancy in ICD utilization by the size of the discharge hospital, which may suggest regional influences and gaps in resource allocations. Future studies looking into the root causes of these discrepancies and possible remedies are warranted.
Calpain‐mediated degradation of reversibly oxidized protein‐tyrosine phosphatase 1B
Authors: Trümpler Antje , Schlott Bernhard , Herrlich Peter , Greer Peter A. , Böhmer Frank‐D. 
Published: August 2009

Protein‐tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are regulated by reversible inactivating oxidation of the catalytic‐site cysteine. We have previously shown that reversible oxidation upon UVA irradiation is followed by calpain‐mediated PTP degradation. Here, we address the mechanism of regulated cleavage and the physiological function of PTP degradation. Reversible oxidation of PTP1B in vitro strongly facilitated the association with calpain and led to greatly increased calpain‐dependent inactivating cleavage. Both oxidation‐induced association and cleavage depended exclusively on the presence of the catalytic (reversibly oxidized) cysteine residue 215. A major cleavage site was identified preceding amino acid position Ala77. In calpain‐deficient cells, insulin signaling was apparently diminished, consistent with a possible role for calpain in removing a negative regulator of insulin signaling. Reversibly oxidized PTP1B may be a target of calpain in this context.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7234580: Calpain 4 (uniprotkb:P04632) and Calpain 1 (uniprotkb:P07384) physically interact (MI:0915) with PTP1B (uniprotkb:P18031) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MI:0411)
MINT‐7234562, MINT‐7234481: Calpain 4 (uniprotkb:P04632) and Calpain 1 (uniprotkb:P07384) cleave (MI:0194) PTP1B (uniprotkb:P18031) by protease assay (MI:0435)
FORMULATING A NEW PASSION FRUIT JUICE BEVERAGE WITH DIFFERENT SWEETENER SYSTEMS
Authors: DE MARCHI RENATA , MCDANIEL MINA R. , BOLINI HELENA MARIA ANDRE 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to optimize the acceptability of a natural passion fruit beverage using different levels of passion fruit pulp and sucrose, and to determine the equi‐sweet concentrations of aspartame, sucralose, and a blend of 80% aspartame + 20% acesulfame‐K for the optimized formula. A 22 central composite design was used to optimize the acceptability of the sucrose‐sweetened beverage, which was accessed using a 9‐point structured hedonic scale. Acceptability data were fitted to a second‐order model equation provided in the design. The selected pulp content and sucrose concentration were, respectively, 2.5°Brix and 10%. Measurements of sweetness equivalence were accomplished using two types of sensory methods: magnitude estimation and difference‐from‐control tests. The concentrations of aspartame, sucralose and a blend of 80% aspartame + 20% acesulfame‐K found as equi‐sweet to 10% sucrose in the studied passion fruit beverage were, respectively, 0.043, 0.016 and 0.026%.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis article deals with formulating a new passion fruit juice beverage with different sweetener systems. The research makes a very important contribution to the literature on sensory science used on product development by demonstrating the necessity to study the substitution of sucrose by high‐intensity sweeteners every time a formulation is changed or a new product is developed.