bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of age on outcome after surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Widdison AL , Barnett S Wienand , Betambeau N 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTION The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases with age. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of age and age-related factors on post-operative mortality and survival following CRC resections. METHODS A prospectively collected database of 459 CRC resections was analysed. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 70 years (range: 25–95 years) and 54% were male. The relative proportion of female patients increased with age so that for patients aged over 77 more women were treated than men. The probability of undergoing an emergency resection (25%) did not change with age. In older patients the proportion of rectal cancers resected decreased and the proportion of hemicolectomies and Hartmann's operations performed increased. The 30-day mortality rate was 4% after elective and 11% after emergency resections. Most deaths were caused by medical complications, reflecting increased co-morbidity in the elderly. Post-operative mortality was 1% in patients under the age of 59. This increased by 3 percentage points every 10 years after elective resections and by 8 percentage points every 10 years after emergency resections. CRC-specific survival was independent of age whereas overall survival decreased so the likelihood of dying from CRC decreased with age: at age 50 half the deaths were from CRC, at age 70 a third and at age 80 a quarter. CONCLUSIONS CRC stage and the probability of presenting as an emergency did not change with age but older patients were more likely to be female and have colon cancer. Post-operative mortality progressively increased with age. Most deaths were caused by medical complications, reflecting increased co-morbidity. Older patients were less likely to die from CRC.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides a predictive tool for early and late outcomes in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients
Authors: Thompson AR , Peters N , Lovegrove RE , Ledwidge S , Kitching A , Magee TR , Galland RB 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine if cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) predicts 30-day and midterm outcomes when assessing suitability for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. METHODS Since July 2006 consecutive patients from a single centre identified with a large (≥5.5cm) AAA were sent for CPET. Follow-up was completed on 1 August 2009. Univariate logistical regression was used to compare CPET parameters with the Detsky score, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and the Vascular Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (VPOSSUM) in predicting predefined early and late outcome measures. RESULTS Full data were available for 102 patients (93% male, median age: 75 years, interquartile range (IQR): 70–80 years, median follow up: 28 months, IQR: 18–33 months). Ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and APACHE II predicted postoperative inotrope requirement (p=0.018 and p=0.019 respectively). The Detsky score predicted the length of stay in the intensive care unit (p=0.008). Midterm (30-month) survival was predicted by the anaerobic threshold (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS CPET provided the only means in this study of predicting both 30-day outcome and 30-month mortality. CPET could therefore become an increasingly important tool in determining the optimum management for AAA patients.
Oral Fluid and Plasma Cannabinoid Ratios after Around-the-Clock Controlled Oral Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Administration
Authors: Milman Garry , Schwope David M , Schwilke Eugene W , Darwin William D , Kelly Deanna L , Goodwin Robert S , Gorelick David A , Huestis Marilyn A 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND
Oral fluid (OF) testing is increasingly important for drug treatment, workplace, and drugged-driving programs. There is interest in predicting plasma or whole-blood concentrations from OF concentrations; however, the relationship between these matrices is incompletely characterized because of few controlled drug-administration studies.

METHODS
Ten male daily cannabis smokers received around-the-clock escalating 20-mg oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, dronabinol) doses (40–120 mg/day) for 8 days. Plasma and OF samples were simultaneously collected before, during, and after dosing. OF THC, 11-hydroxy-THC and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) were quantified by GC-MS at 0.5-μg/L, 0.5-μg/L, and 7.5-ng/L limits of quantification (LOQs), respectively. In plasma, the LOQs were 0.25 μg/L for THC and THCCOOH, and 0.5 μg/L for 11-hydroxy-THC.

RESULTS
Despite multiple oral THC administrations each day and increasing plasma THC concentrations, OF THC concentrations generally decreased over time, reflecting primarily previously self-administered smoked cannabis. The logarithms of the THC concentrations in oral fluid and plasma were not significantly correlated (r = −0.10; P = 0.065). The OF and plasma THCCOOH concentrations, albeit with 1000-fold higher concentrations in plasma, increased throughout dosing. The logarithms of OF and plasma THCCOOH concentrations were significantly correlated (r = 0.63; P &lt; 0.001), although there was high interindividual variation. A high OF/plasma THC ratio and a high OF THC/THCCOOH ratio indicated recent cannabis smoking.

CONCLUSIONS
OF monitoring does not reliably detect oral dronabinol intake. The time courses of THC and THCCOOH concentrations in plasma and OF were different after repeated oral THC doses, and high interindividual variation was observed. For these reasons, OF cannabinoid concentrations cannot predict concurrent plasma concentrations.
Flat Laguerre planes of Kleinewillinghöfer type III.B
Authors: Schillewaert Jeroen , Steinke Günter F. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Kleinewillinghöfer classified Laguerre planes with respect to central automorphisms. Polster and Steinke investigated flat Laguerre planes and their so-called Kleinewillinghöfer types, that is, the Kleinewillinghöfer types with respect to the full automorphism group. For some of these types the existence question remained open. We provide strong necessary existence conditions for flat Laguerre planes of Kleinewillinghöfer type III.B and provide examples of such planes of types III.B.1 and III.B.3.
Polycystic kidney disease-like domains of clostridial collagenases and their role in collagen recruitment
Authors: Eckhard Ulrich , Brandstetter Hans 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Bacterial collagenases exhibit a multimodular domain organization. While the N-terminal collagenase unit harbors the catalytic zinc and suffices to degrade peptidic substrates, collagen substrates come in different types, explaining the requirement for accessory domains such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD)-like domains for efficient catalysis. How the recognition and unfolding of (micro-)fibrillar or triple-helical collagen is accomplished are only poorly understood. Here, we present the crystal structure of the PKD-like domain of collagenase G from Clostridium histolyticum. The β-barrel structure reveals a two-tier architecture, connected by kinked hinge segments. Together with sheet extension as a generic oligomerization mechanism, this explains the cooperativity among accessory domains as well as their adaptivity to varying substrates.
The influence of extended mercerization on some properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Authors: Almlöf Heléne , Kreutz Bjørn , Jardeby Kristina , Germgård Ulf 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is produced commercially in a two stage process consisting of a mercerization stage in which the pulp is treated with alkali in a water alcohol solution and a second etherification stage whereby monochloro-acetic acid is added to the pulp slurry. In this study, the influence of the conditions of an extended mercerization stage was evaluated on the etherification stage concerning the degree of substitution (DS) and the filterability of the resulting CMC. The parameters studied were: (1) the ratio of cellulose I and cellulose II in the original pulp, (2) the concentration of alkali, (3) the temperature and (4) the retention time in the mercerization stage. The DS results indicate that the NaOH concentration in the mercerization stage is the most important among the parameters studied. When the NaOH concentration in the mercerization stage was high (27.5%), cellulose II showed a lower reactivity than cellulose I with respect to the DS obtained in the resulting CMC. The results from the filtration ability of CMC water solutions are interpreted that the amount of cellulose II in the original pulp and the temperature has a negative influence, while the NaOH concentration in the mercerization stage has a positive influence on the filtration ability. Retention time between 1 h–48 h in the mercerization stage had no effect on the DS or the filtration value. The filtration ability was assumed to be highly influenced by the presence of poorly reacted cellulose segments. The CMC samples with the lowest filtration ability at a given DS can be assumed to have the highest degree of unevenly substituted segments.
Die eingebettete Vernunft
Authors: Millikan Ruth G. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Philosophers and laymen alike have traditionally assumed that whether you can reason well, make valid inferences, avoid logical mistakes and so forth is entirely a matter of how well the cogs in your head are fashioned and oiled. Partner to this is the assumption that careful reflection is always the method by which we discover whether an inference or reasoning process is correct. Against this, I argue that good reasoning needs constant empirical support; conceptual clarity is not an a priori, but a deeply empirical matter. Moreover, clear thinking is possible only as embedded in a cooperative external world.
Soma und Psyche
Authors: Shusterman Richard 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
After tracing some of the different interpretations of the Körper/Leib distinction in German phenomenology and philosophical anthropology, this paper compares these philosophical accounts of embodiment to the pragmatist approach of somaesthetics and its core concept of soma. Helmuth Plessner′s theory of embodiment gets particular attention because of its similarities to somaesthetics in terms of their shared emphasis on 1) the value of functional phasing between immanent spontaneity of simply living one′s body and more critically distanced somatic reflection, 2) the way somatic consciousness is essentially shaped by the roles one plays in a social world, and thus 3) on the variety of culturally styled bodies and forms of consciousness. The paper concludes with a discussion of the soma′s ontological status.
Psychopathologie der Hyperreflexivität
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
As a rule, mental illnesses are connected with increased self-observation, a narrowing of attention to one′s own person, and with the backward turn of thinking to what has already been done or has happened. These phenomena can be summed up in the concept of hyperreflexivity. In this paper, this concept is interpreted against the background of Plessner′s distinction between the lived and the objective body (Leib and Körper) as implying always already a component of self-alienation. This will be illustrated in a number of psychopathological conditions such as insomnia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, hypochondria and schizophrenia.
Anthropologische und evolutionäre Konzepte psychischer Störungen
Authors: Heinz Andreas , Kluge Ulrike 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The disease status of mental disorders has been hotly debated and is still highly relevant for ethical and economic considerations regarding the human rights of psychiatric patients. Here we critically discuss traditional evolutionary and degenerative concepts of mental disorders and propose instead the differentiation between independent dimensions of mental health resources on the one hand and mental disorders on the other. We suggest that impairments of a minimal set of mental functions (e. g. concentration and memory) can serve as indicators of exogenous and endogenous psychoses, while other mental disorders (e. g. neuroses and personality disorders) cannot be diagnosed without a reference to setting and culture (Lebenswelt).
Heideggerscher Vitalismus
Authors: Ruda Frank 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Giorgio Agamben: Signatura rerum. Zur Methode. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt/M. 2009, 146 S.
Giorgio Agamben: Nacktheiten. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt/M. 2010, 200 S.
Giorgio Agamben: Herrschaft und Herrlichkeit. Zur theologischen Genealogie von Ökonomie und Regierung (Homo sacer, II.2). Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2010, 368 S.
Giorgio Agamben: Das Sakrament der Sprache. Eine Archäologie des Eides (Homo sacer, II .3), Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin 2010, 98 S.
Emotionen im Fokus des Deutungsmusters Lustmord
Authors: Hoffmeister Maren 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Anders als vielleicht zu erwarten sind Emotionen im Deutungsmuster Lustmord im Zeitraum von 1906–1939 kein Gegenstand der Motivanalyse. Der Wortteil “Lust” verliert im Deutungsmuster “Lustmord” den emotionalen Gehalt und wird auf triebhafte Sexualität reduziert. Emotion und Trieb besetzen eine ähnliche Funktionsstelle als Gegenspieler des Willens und der Ratio. In der Aufspürung der körperlichen Zeichen des zu kontrollierenden Triebes wird das Thema Emotion ersetzt. Zwar formulieren Täter ihre Gefühle, doch gehen diese Aussagen nicht in die kriminalistische Analyse noch in den juristischen Diskurs der Zeit bei Mehrfachmördern ein. Emotionen spielen nicht einmal in der psychiatrischen Begutachtung eine Rolle. Sobald dort der Zugriff auf die Zeichen des Triebes gelungen ist, wird die emotionale Gestimmtheit durch die Frage der Beherrschbarkeit des Triebes überlagert. Ab den 20er Jahren wird der Interdiskurs (Zeitung, Filme) zum Archiv der emotionalen Dimension. Verstärkt durch das kriminalistische Profiling der Moderne diffundiert die emotionale Signatur der Tat, die sich als erfolgreiche Analysekategorie zur Findung des Täters erwiesen hat, auch in psychiatrische Gutachten.
Selbsttötungen als Indikator für psychosoziale Lebensqualität? Eine Sondierung zu “suizidalen Strukturen” in der DDR
Authors: Grashoff Udo 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
In der bundesdeutschen Geschichtskultur häufig anzutreffende Interpretationen von suizidaler Verzweiflung unter den Bedingungen der SED-Diktatur werden hinterfragt anhand der Selbsttötungsstatistiken der DDR, welche seit 1963 geheim gehalten, nichtsdestotrotz aber mit preußischer Gründlichkeit Jahr für Jahr erstellt wurden. Es wird versucht, Einflüsse des politischen Systems auf die Selbsttötungshäufigkeit nachzuweisen bzw. auszuschließen. Als eine Art “Geländer” für die Gedankenführung dient die Selbsttötungs-Typologie von Émile Durkheim.
Kollektives Töten. Versuch, die menschliche Aggression als Ausdruck der conditio humana zu verstehen
Authors: Wirth Hans-Jürgen 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
In der Genozid-Forschung stehen sich zwei Erklärungsansätze diametral gegenüber: Während der eine von Hannah Arendts Diktum der “Banalität des Bösen” ausgeht und in den Handlungen der brutalsten Massenmörder nur das Verhalten von “ganz normalen Menschen” (Harald Welzer) sieht, die sich konform zur herrschenden Tötungsmoral verhielten, nimmt der entgegengesetzte, psychoanalytisch fundierte Ansatz die gleichen Handlungen als Ergebnis von schweren Charakterstörungen an. Beide Theorien werden als relevante Erklärungsansätze diskutiert, und es wird der Versuch unternommen, sie auf der komplexeren Ebene einer sozialpsychoanalytischen Theorie kollektiver Identitäten und kollektiver Traumata zu integrieren.
“Tötet mich, o meine Freunde ...”. Der Märtyrertod des ṣūfī al-Ḥallāğ in der islamischen Ikonographie
Authors: Canavas Constantin 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Studie schöpft aus dem islamischen Kulturraum und befasst sich mit der durch den Kalifen verordneten Hinrichtung des Mystikers (ṣūfī) al-Ḥallāğ im Jahr 309 n.H./922 n. Ch. in Bagdad, der Hauptstadt des abbasidischen Kalifats. Die Erhebung von al-Ḥallāğ zum Märtyrer des islamischen Glaubens (šahīd) ist gewiss eine umstrittene interpretatorische Inanspruchnahme theologisch verbürgter Kriterien. Umso stärker ideologisch geprägt ist allerdings die bildliche Repräsentation der Thematik vor dem Hintergrund der Aneignung und Instrumentalisierung theologischer Symbolik für politische Zwecke innerhalb des islamischen Kulturraums. Der Fokus der Studie ist vorwiegend an die persisch-islamische Ikonographie in der Periode vom 13. bis 16 Jh. gerichtet. Hier werden Konzepte nachgezeichnet, nach denen die Beziehungen zwischen der dominanten Herrschaftsideologie und der spirituellen Herausforderung durch den ṣūfī al-Ḥallāğ sowie die emotional geprägten öffentlichen Erwartungen hinsichtlich Gerechtigkeit, Erbarmen und Mitleid vor dem Hintergrund des grausamen Tötens repräsentiert werden.
Töten ohne Affekte, Töten ohne Akte? Anthropologische Figuren und militärisch organisierte Körper in der Literatur über den Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Lichau Karsten 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die literarische Auseinandersetzung mit Formen des militärisch organisierten Tötens im Ersten Weltkrieg und mit der bereits vor 1914 einsetzenden Überhöhung des Krieges zur “Anthropologischen Figur” (Eva Horn): Diese Figur denkt “den Menschen” über “den Krieg”, und umgekehrt. Kultur- und Literaturwissenschaft haben die weite Verbreitung dieser Figur nachgewiesen und ihre Modelle beschrieben – den individuellen oder kollektiven (soldatischen) Einheits-Körper und seine letztlich dem Materialkrieg trotzende Handlungssouveränität, wie sie Ernst Jünger beschwört. Doch es lassen sich auch Gegenentwürfe finden: Meine Lektüre von Max Picards Der letzte Mensch zeichnet den Versuch nach, das Einheitsmodell und seine Elemente zu konterkarieren und damit die “Anthropologische Figur” zu unterlaufen.
Aktion und Prozess. Über den Exzess des Tötens: Serial Killer und Medien
Authors: Hammel Eckhard 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Serial Killer sind männlichen Geschlechts. Als Handlungsfigur haben sie im Medium Film ein beachtliches Vorkommen erreicht. Im Seriellen und seiner verzeitlichenden Ritualisierung liegt eine Gemeinsamkeit zwischen Verbrechen und Mediengebrauch, die mit Freuds Beschreibung von Sadismus, Wiederholungszwang und Perversion skizziert wird. Weiterführende Hypothesen zur Produktion des Authentizitätseffekts schließen daran an.
Relationship of Maternal Snuff Use and Cigarette Smoking With Neonatal Apnea
Authors: Gunnerbeck Anna , Wikström Anna-Karin , Bonamy Anna-Karin Edstedt , Wickström Ronny , Cnattingius Sven 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND:Maternal smoking is associated with disturbed cardiorespiratory control in the infant. Despite lacking knowledge of whether the harmful effects of smoking are caused by combustion products in tobacco smoke or by nicotine, it has been argued that nicotine-replacement therapy during pregnancy is safer than smoking.OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to investigate if the disturbances in cardiorespiratory control associated with maternal smoking are also seen in infants prenatally exposed to snuff. We hypothesized that prenatal nicotine exposure (via moist snuff) causes disturbances in autonomic control and thereby increases the risk of apnea in the newborn.METHODS:In a nationwide Swedish cohort study, we studied associations between maternal tobacco use during pregnancy and neonatal apnea. Of 609 551 live-born singleton infants, 7599 were born to snuff-using mothers, 41 391 and 16 928 were born to light (1–9 cigarettes per day) and heavy (≥10 cigarettes per day) smokers, respectively. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios, using 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS:Compared with infants of nontobacco users, infants with prenatal exposure to snuff were at an increased risk of apnea even after adjustment for differences in gestational age (odds ratio: 1.96 [95% confidence interval: [1.30–2.96]) Smoking was associated with increased risk of apnea before, but not after, adjusting for gestational age.CONCLUSIONS:Snuff use during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of neonatal apnea than smoking. Maternal use of snuff or nicotine-replacement therapy cannot be regarded as an alternative to smoking during pregnancy.
Sleep Disorders in Children: A National Assessment of Primary Care Pediatrician Practices and Perceptions
Authors: Faruqui Firoza , Khubchandani Jagdish , Price James H. , Bolyard Dawn , Reddy Ramalinga 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVES:To assess general pediatricians' screening practices for sleep-related issues and assess their knowledge on common sleep complaints in children, their perceived barriers to screening for sleep issues, and whether they have received training regarding sleep issues.METHODS:A national random sample (n = 700) of general pediatricians who were members of the American Academy of Pediatrics were sent a valid and reliable questionnaire on sleep problems in youth.RESULTS:A total of 346 pediatricians (49%) responded. The vast majority (96%) indicated that they believed it was their job to counsel patients/guardians regarding sleep hygiene, yet few pediatricians (18%) had ever received formal training on sleep disorders. Those who did not screen for sleep problems spent significantly less time with each patient and perceived significantly more barriers to screening. Pediatricians who had received training about sleep disorders had significantly higher knowledge scores on sleep problems, perceived significantly fewer barriers to screening, and reported significantly higher confidence scores regarding counseling patients/guardians on sleep problems.CONCLUSION:These findings support the need for formal education on sleep disorders for all pediatricians.
Decreasing Rate of Biliary Atresia in Taiwan: A Survey, 2004–2009
Authors: Lin Yi-Chun , Chang Mei-Hwei , Liao Shu-Fen , Wu Jia-Feng , Ni Yen-Hsuan , Tiao Mao-Meng , Lai Ming-Wei , Lee Hung-Chang , Lin Chieh-Chung , Wu Tzee-Chung , Lau Beng-Huat , Tsai Tong-Chi , Yang Yao-Jong , Chen An-Chyi , Shih Hsiang-Hung , Lee I-Hsien , Lee Wen-Chung , Chen Huey-Ling , Hsu Hong-Yuan , Chiou Shu-Ti ,   the Taiwan Infant Stool Color Card Study Group
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVES:The pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) is unclear, but epidemiological studies may help to elucidate possible causes. The goals of this study were to identify BA incidence changes in Taiwan in 2004–2009 and to survey the factors that might influence incidence changes to elucidate the possible causes of BA.METHODS:A Taiwan national registry system for BA has been established since 2004. By using data from the national registry system for BA, we identified BA incidence changes in 2004–2009. We also evaluated the correlations between BA incidences and estimated rotavirus vaccine coverage rates and between BA incidences and the gross domestic product.RESULTS:A total of 185 patients with BA were identified in 2004–2009 in Taiwan, whereas the number of live births was 1 221 189. Compared with the incidence of BA in 2004–2006 (1.79 cases per 10 000 live births), the incidence of BA in 2007–2009 (1.23 cases per 10 000 live births) was decreased significantly (P = .01). BA incidences were negatively correlated with the gross domestic product (P = .02) and marginally negatively correlated with rotavirus vaccine coverage rates (P = .07).CONCLUSIONS:A significant decrease in BA incidence in Taiwan since 2007 has been noted and may be related to improvements in the general socioeconomic status and the popularity of rotavirus vaccination. Although more evidence is needed to establish a direct correlation, this phenomenon may shed light on possible causes of and preventive interventions for BA.