bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human neural stem cells ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis in non‐human primates
Authors: Pluchino Stefano , Gritti Angela , Blezer Erwin , Amadio Stefano , Brambilla Elena , Borsellino Giovanna , Cossetti Chiara , Del Carro Ubaldo , Comi Giancarlo , 't Hart Bert , Vescovi Angelo , Martino Gianvito 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveTransplanted neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) display peculiar therapeutic plasticity in vivo. Although the replacement of cells was first expected as the prime therapeutic mechanism of stem cells in regenerative medicine, it is now clear that transplanted NPCs simultaneously instruct several therapeutic mechanisms, among which replacement of cells might not necessarily prevail. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism(s) by which NPCs exert their therapeutic plasticity is lacking. This study was designed as a preclinical approach to test the feasibility of human NPC transplantation in an outbreed nonhuman primate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model approximating the clinical and complex neuropathological situation of human multiple sclerosis (MS) more closely than EAE in the standard laboratory rodent.MethodsWe examined the safety and efficacy of the intravenous (IV) and intrathecal (IT) administration of human NPCs in common marmosets affected by human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 1‐125–induced EAE. Treatment commenced upon the occurrence of detectable brain lesions on a 4.7T spectrometer.ResultsEAE marmosets injected IV or IT with NPCs accumulated lower disability and displayed increased survival, as compared with sham‐treated controls. Transplanted NPCs persisted within the host central nervous system (CNS), but were also found in draining lymph nodes, for up to 3 months after transplantation and exhibited remarkable immune regulatory capacity in vitro.InterpretationHerein, we provide the first evidence that human CNS stem cells ameliorate EAE in nonhuman primates without overt side effects. Immune regulation (rather than neural differentiation) is suggested as the major putative mechanism by which NPCs ameliorate EAE in vivo. Our findings represent a critical step toward the clinical use of human NPCs in MS. Ann Neurol 2009;66:343–354
Discovery of Heteroatom‐“Embedded” Te⊂{W18O54} Nanofunctional Polyoxometalates by Use of Cryospray Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yan Jun , Long De‐Liang , Wilson Elizabeth F. , Cronin Leroy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDas Cryo‐Spiel: Die hier beschriebenen nanofunktionellen Cluster mit eingebettetem Heteroatom enthalten eine [TeVIO6]6−‐Spezies in einem {W18O54}‐Käfig. Die tellurhaltige Spezies aktiviert nicht nur die {W18O54}‐Clusteroberfläche für die Bildung größerer nanoskaliger Strukturen wie [H10TeVI2W58O198]26−, sondern sie geht auch im Innern des Clusters eine Redoxreaktion von [TeVIO6]6− zu [TeIVO3]2− ein.magnified image
First X‐Ray Structure Analyses of Rhodium(III) η1‐Allyl Complexes and a Mechanism for Allylic Isomerization Reactions
Authors: Wucher Barbara , Moser Michael , Schumacher Stephanie A. , Rominger Frank , Kunz Doris 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMetal‐to‐metal allyl transfer: Using the first structurally characterized rhodium η1‐allyl complexes it is shown that the σ‐bound allyl substituent can be transferred from the RhIII complex to a RhI complex in a fast equilibrium. This process may account for the decrease in regioselectivity observed in allylic alkylation reactions in which complex 1 is used as a catalyst.magnified image
Cycle‐Specific Organocascade Catalysis: Application to Olefin Hydroamination, Hydro‐oxidation, and Amino‐oxidation, and to Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Simmons Bryon , Walji Abbas M. , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUnited in effort: The combined application of iminium (Im) and enamine (En) catalysts can effect a range of valuable asymmetric transformations including 1,2‐hydroamination, ‐hydro‐oxidation, and ‐amino‐oxidation of olefins (see picture). An enantioselective organocascade catalysis was also applied in the synthesis of a complex natural product.magnified image
Zinc‐Mediated Formation of Trifluoromethyl Ethers from Alcohols and Hypervalent Iodine Trifluoromethylation Reagents
Authors: Koller Raffael , Stanek Kyrill , Stolz Daniel , Aardoom Raphael , Niedermann Katrin , Togni Antonio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA (fluor)ry of activity: The transfer of an intact trifluoromethyl group from a hypervalent iodine reagent to an aliphatic alcohol occurs smoothly upon activation by zinc bis(triflimide). This constitutes a straightforward method for the preparation of trifluoromethoxy alkyl derivatives, compounds otherwise difficult to access.magnified image
Stereodivergent Synthesis of 17‐α and 17‐β‐Aryl Steroids: Application and Biological Evaluation of D‐Ring Cortistatin Analogues
Authors: Shi Jun , Shigehisa Hiroki , Guerrero Carlos A. , Shenvi Ryan A. , Li Chuang‐Chuang , Baran Phil S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOne stereocenter makes all the difference: The synthesis and biological evaluation of 17‐epi‐cortistatin A is reported from a common intermediate used to procure natural cortistatin A. The synthesis features a unique stereocontrolled Raney‐Ni reduction process that can be employed to reliably produce both α‐ and β‐configured D‐ring aryl steroids. Biological evaluations of these “cortalogs” are reported for the first time.magnified image
Comparisons of age, growth, and maturity between male and female, and diploid and triploid individuals in Carassius auratus from Okinawa‐jima Island, Japan
Authors: Takada Mikumi , Tachihara Katsunori 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Carassius auratus, a primary freshwater fish with bisexual diploid and unisexual gynogenetic triploid lineages, is distributed widely in and around the Eurasian continent and is especially common in East Asia. East Asian C. auratus diverged genetically to form local endemic populations in different regions, and those distributed in the Ryukyu Archipelago form a local endemic population that can be regarded as an evolutionarily significant unit because of its high phylogenetic independence and evolutionary distinctiveness. Although the evolutionary uniqueness of this population should be conserved, its distribution area and population size are decreasing rapidly, and some island populations are currently considered endangered or already extinct.
To develop effective conservation measures to stop the current decline of Ryukyuan C. auratus, ecological data need to be collected. In this study, life history data for a C. auratus population distributed in the Hiji River system were collected by estimating age, growth, and spawning season.
The spawning season of C. auratus in the Hiji River extended from March to September, peaking during March–May. Females became sexually mature in their second year, but males reached maturity and were able to spawn as early as in the late spawning season of their year of hatching. Once having reached sexual maturity, males probably continuously stay ripe throughout their life.
Sagittal otoliths of C. auratus proved to be useful ageing structures because one annual increment is formed on the sagittal otolith before the spawning season in each year. The oldest fish observed were a 10‐year‐old female and an 11‐year‐old male. Females showed faster somatic growth and higher final standard length than males, and a sexual size dimorphism was observed.
The standard length at each age class did not differ between diploid and triploid C. auratus, suggesting that triploid growth rates were almost equal to those of diploids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV/Vis to NIR Photoconduction in Cyclopalladated Complexes
Authors: Godbert Nicolas , Dattilo Davide , Termine Roberto , Aiello Iolinda , Bellusci Anna , Crispini Alessandra , Golemme Attilio , Ghedini Mauro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFunky discotics: Photoconductivity is measured in newly synthesized cyclopalladated metallomesogens exhibiting hexagonal columnar mesophases at room temperature. The tuning of the HOMO/LUMO energy levels by modification of the chain/core linkage (ester 1 vs ether 2) makes compound 2 photoconductive across the whole UV/Vis/NIR range.magnified imageThe incorporation of a rigid core, formed by a cyclopalladated azobenzene fragment bonded to an ancillary Schiff base ligand, into molecules with 12 or 11 peripheral alkyl chains has been successfully achieved. These new complexes, 1 and 2, respectively, are columnar liquid crystals between room temperature and about 50 °C. Both cyclometallated and ancillary ligands have been polyalkylated through either aryl ester (electron‐withdrawing group) or aryl ether (electron‐releasing group) linkages, in order to tune the HOMO/LUMO energy levels. The photoconductive properties of 1 and 2 have been studied as a function of their absorption properties before and after annealing, from the UV/Vis to NIR region. Compared with the reference compounds, tris‐alkynyl benzene discotics, these new materials gave similar performances (σ/I∼8×10−13 S cm W−1 with E=10 V μm−1 at λ=370 nm). Moreover, complex 2 shows a normalized photoconductivity σ/I=8.5×10−13 S cm W−1 at λ=760 nm. Organic photoconductors in such a high wavelength spectral range are not common and are usually assembled by mixing dyes with organic semiconductors.
Effect of Structural Modification on the Quantum‐Size Effect in II–VI Semiconducting Nanocrystals
Authors: Viswanatha Ranjani , Sarma D. D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFormation also matters: A model to understand the variation in the bandgap with size for nanoclusters is presented. This model shows that the confinement effect and consequent bandgap variation depend not only on shape and size, but also on the structure of the nanocrystal.magnified imageThe electronic structure of group II–VI semiconductors in the stable wurtzite form is analyzed using state‐of‐the‐art ab initio approaches to extract a simple and chemically transparent tight‐binding model. This model can be used to understand the variation in the bandgap with size, for nanoclusters of these compounds. Results complement similar information already available for same systems in the zinc blende structure. A comparison with all available experimental data on quantum size effects in group II–VI semiconductor nanoclusters establishes a remarkable agreement between theory and experiment in both structure types, thereby verifying the predictive ability of our approach. The significant dependence of the quantum size effect on the structure type suggests that the experimental bandgap change at a given size compared to the bulk bandgap, may be used to indicate the structural form of the nanoclusters, particularly in the small size limit, where broadening of diffraction features often make it difficult to unambiguously determine the structure.
Structural and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Aligned Heterotrinuclear [RuII‐(Spacer)‐MII‐(Spacer)‐RuII] Complexes (M=Pd, Pt; spacer=4‐ethynylpyridine)
Authors: Ge Qingchun , Dalton Gulliver T. , Humphrey Mark G. , Samoc Marek , Hor T. S. Andy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOptical alloy: “Linear” heterotrinuclear assemblies, with the metals separated by 4‐ethynylpyridine spacers [RuCp(CCpy‐4)(dppf)]2[MCl2] (M=Pd, Pt), have been structurally identified. They are electrochemically active and show good cubic nonlinear optical responses.magnified imageLewis addition between the metalloligand [RuCp(CCpy‐4)(dppf)] (1) (dppf=(C5H4PPh2)2Fe) and MCl2(CH3CN)2 gives [RuCp(CCpy‐4)(dppf)]2[MCl2] (M=Pd (2) and Pt (3)), all of which have been spectroscopically and crystallographically characterized. The mixed‐metal adducts show the d6‐d8‐d6 metal alignment maintained by the trans disposition of the directionally rigid 4‐ethynylpyridine at the centrosymmetric square‐planar metal center. Electrochemical studies of these and the related known complexes trans‐[RuCl(CCpy‐4)(dppm)2] (4) and [trans‐RuCl(CCpy‐4)(dppm)2]2[MCl2] (dppm=Ph2PCH2PPh2) (M=Pd (5) and Pt (6)) suggest that the spacer‐linked heterotrinuclear network is able to stabilize the oxidized RuIII better than the metalloligand precursor. Cubic nonlinear optical responses are also generally higher for the heterometallic complexes. The γreal value of the PdRu2 dppm complex 5 is among the largest for linear organometallic complexes.
Ultra scale‐down prediction using microwell technology of the industrial scale clarification characteristics by centrifugation of mammalian cell broths
Authors: Tait A.S. , Aucamp J.P. , Bugeon A. , Hoare M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article describes how a combination of an ultra scale‐down (USD) shear device feeding a microwell centrifugation plate may be used to provide a prediction of how mammalian cell broth will clarify at scale. In particular a method is described that is inherently adaptable to a robotic platform and may be used to predict how the flow rate and capacity (equivalent settling area) of a centrifuge and the choice of feed zone configuration may affect the solids carry over in the supernatant. This is an important consideration as the extent of solids carry over will determine the required size and lifetime of a subsequent filtration stage or the passage of fine particulates and colloidal material affecting the performance and lifetime of chromatography stages. The extent of solids removal observed in individual wells of a microwell plate during centrifugation is shown to correlate with the vertical and horizontal location of the well on the plate. Geometric adjustments to the evaluation of the equivalent settling area of individual wells (ΣM) results in an improved prediction of solids removal as a function of centrifuge capacity. The USD centrifuge settling characteristics need to be as for a range of equivalent flow rates as may be experienced at an industrial scale for a machine of different shear characteristics in the entry feed zone. This was shown to be achievable with two microwell‐plate based measurements and the use of varying fill volumes in the microwells to allow the rapid study of a fivefold range of equivalent flow rates (i.e., at full scale for a particular industrial centrifuge) and the effect of a range of feed configurations. The microwell based USD method was used to examine the recovery of CHO‐S cells, prepared in a 5 L reactor, at different points of growth and for different levels of exposure to shear post reactor. The combination of particle size distribution measurements of the cells before and after shear and the effect of shear on the solids remaining after centrifugation rate provide insight into the state of the cells throughout the fermentation and the ease with which they and accumulated debris may be removed by continuous centrifugation. Hence bioprocess data are more readily available to help better integrate cell culture and cell removal stages and resolve key bioprocess design issues such as choice of time of harvesting and the impact on product yield and contaminant carry over. Operation at microwell scale allows data acquisition and bioprocess understanding over a wide range of operating conditions that might not normally be achieved during bioprocess development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 321–331 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors and the risk of anastomotic leakage after fast-track colonic surgery
Authors: Holte K , Andersen J , Jakobsen D Hjort , Kehlet H 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Anastomotic leakage occurs after 3–6 per cent of colonic resections. The influence of analgesic agents is largely unknown. This study determined the rate of anastomotic leakage in a series of patients who had colonic surgery over a 9-year period with or without use of a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor for postoperative analgesia.

Methods
Patients with anastomotic leakage following a standard fast-track procotol between April 1997 and May 2006 were identified from a prospective, consecutive database. During this period there were two changes in perioperative management: cessation of preoperative oral bowel preparation in August 2002 and the use of celecoxib for postoperative analgesia between May 2003 and November 2004. Rates of anastomotic leakage during the various periods were determined and compared.

Results
Some 28 (5·6 per cent) of 502 patients had an anastomotic leak. The incidence of leakage increased significantly during the period of celecoxib use (15·1 per cent), versus 3·3 and 1·5 per cent respectively before and after celecoxib use (P &lt; 0·001). Leakage rates were similar with or without oral bowel preparation (3·5 versus 1·7 per cent respectively; P = 0·346) when celecoxib was not used.

Conclusion
A detrimental effect of celecoxib on anastomotic healing is suggested, and requires further evaluation.
Patency of splenic vessels after laparoscopic spleen and splenic vessel-preserving distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Yoon Y-S , Lee K H , Han H-S , Cho J Y , Ahn K S 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the short- and long-term patency of preserved splenic vessels after laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) with preservation of the splenic vessels.MethodsThis single-centre retrospective study included all patients who had undergone splenic vessel-preserving laparoscopic SPDP between 2004 and 2007. The patency of the splenic vessels was assessed by abdominal computed tomography and classified into three grades according to the degree of stenosis.ResultsTwenty-two patients were included. The preoperative patency of the splenic artery and vein was normal in 20 and 19 patients respectively. Normal patency of the splenic artery and vein was observed in 16 and five patients respectively within 1 month of surgery, and in 19 and nine patients 6 months or more after operation. Nine of ten patients with complete splenic vein occlusion developed a collateral circulation in the late postoperative phase. Splenic perfusion was well preserved in all patients.ConclusionSplenic vessel-preserving laparoscopic SPDP has the short-term benefit of good perfusion to the spleen. In the long term, there is a risk of left-sided portal hypertension if the splenic vein becomes occluded after surgery.
The latent presentation of pancreatic fistulas
Authors: Pratt W B , Callery M P , Vollmer C M 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic fistula is traditionally suspected on the basis of increased drain amylase activity. However, some patients have a low amylase level but later manifest clinical evidence of a fistula. This study investigated the prevalence and significance of these presentations.MethodsSeverity of fistula was determined according to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula criteria for 405 consecutive pancreatic resections. Latent fistulas, initially lacking amylase-rich effluent but ultimately clinically relevant (grades B or C), were examined to determine their impact and significance.ResultsFistula of any extent occurred in 107 patients (26·4 per cent). Latent fistulas occurred in 20 patients (4·9 per cent of all resections, 18·7 per cent of all fistulas and 36 per cent of all clinically relevant fistulas). Initial amylase activity was consistently low (range 3–235 units/l), but these fistulas subsequently manifested clinical relevance (abdominal pain, radiographic evidence, fever, sinister effluent, wound infection). Latent presentations had twice the infection rate of evident fistulas, required more aggressive interventions, resulted in longer hospitalizations and incurred greater hospital costs.ConclusionA considerable proportion of patients with pancreatic fistula do not initially demonstrate an amylase-rich effluent. These patients have significantly worse outcomes. In fistula definition, the clinical course is important as well as biochemical parameters.
Possible association between genetic polymorphisms in transforming growth factor β receptors, serum transforming growth factor β1 concentration and abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Golledge J , Clancy P , Jones G T , Cooper M , Palmer L J , van Rij A M , Norman P E 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have suggested a role for transforming growth factor (TGF) β and its receptor in thoracic aortic aneurysm, but their role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unknown. This study examined the possible association between TGF-β receptor 1 and 2 (TGFBR-1 and -2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum TGF-β1 with AAA.

Methods
Serum concentrations of TGF-β1 and 58 SNPs for TGFBR-1 and -2 were examined in 1003 and 1711 men respectively from the Health In Men Study. Validation of SNPs was examined in a second referral cohort of 1043 subjects from New Zealand, of whom 654 had an AAA.

Results
Serum TGF-β1 was not associated with AAA. Only one SNP in TGFBR-2 was weakly associated with AAA; TGFBR2 g.42917C &gt; T, SNP ID rs1078985CC; odds ratio 0·64 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·45 to 0·93); P = 0·020 uncorrected; but this association did not hold after adjusting for multiple testing and was not validated in the New Zealand cohort: odds ratio 0·98 (95 per cent c.i. 0·50 to 1·94); P = 0·960.

Conclusion
These findings suggest there is no important role of genetic polymorphisms in the main receptors for TGF-β and circulating TGF-β1 in AAA in older individuals.
A remote laboratory experiment for 4‐quadrant control of a DC motor
Authors: Irmak Erdal , Bayindir Ramazan , Colak Ilhami , Soysal Mustafa 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study presents development of the system architecture to perform laboratory experiments over the Internet for electrical engineering education. Design and implementation of four‐quadrant speed control experiment for a direct current (DC) motor is given in the article as a sample remote experimental study. The system designed consists of four main parts as a client, a server, a data acquisition unit and an experimental set with a control unit. MATLAB web server (MWS) is used to send and receive data or graphics over the Internet. While the experiment is being operated, the real experimental set placed in the laboratory can be monitored by the remote user. Evaluation results show that the system designed accelerates the learning period, increases the concentration on the experiment and provides a safe environment for four‐quadrant speed control experiment of a DC motor. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 747–758, 2011
Magnetic field generated by sagging conductors of overhead power lines
Authors: Riba Ruiz Jordi‐Roger , Garcia Espinosa Antonio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article describes the implementation of the equations that govern the behavior of magnetic fields generated by three‐phase power lines. From the equations obtained in this work, the profiles of the magnetic fields generated by different practical power lines configurations have been analyzed. Results from simulations have been contrasted with experimental data showing a close agreement between them. These values have been also compared with current international regulations showing that in all the situations their values fulfill the reference levels. Additionally, the effect of a conducting ground has been discussed. It has been proved that in practical cases the effects from the earth currents can be neglected as compared with effects from line currents. Furthermore special attention is paid to the catenary shape of overhead conductors. The magnetic field generated by sagging conductors has been calculated and compared with the one generated by straight equivalent conductors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 787–794, 2011