bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial neighbours for provably accurate scalable approximations of Gaussian processes
Authors: Zhu Yichen , Peruzzi Michele , Li Cheng , Dunson David B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In geostatistical problems with massive sample size, Gaussian processes can be approximated using sparse directed acyclic graphs to achieve scalable O(n) computational complexity. In these models, data at each location are typically assumed conditionally dependent on a small set of parents that usually include a subset of the nearest neighbours. These methodologies often exhibit excellent empirical performance, but the lack of theoretical validation leads to unclear guidance in specifying the underlying graphical model and sensitivity to graph choice. We address these issues by introducing radial-neighbour Gaussian processes, a class of Gaussian processes based on directed acyclic graphs in which directed edges connect every location to all of its neighbours within a predetermined radius. We prove that any radial-neighbour Gaussian process can accurately approximate the corresponding unrestricted Gaussian process in the Wasserstein-2 distance, with an error rate determined by the approximation radius, the spatial covariance function and the spatial dispersion of samples. We offer further empirical validation of our approach via applications on simulated and real-world data, showing excellent performance in both prior and posterior approximations to the original Gaussian process.
Diuretic prescriptions in the first year of haemodialysis: international practice patterns and associations with outcomes
Authors: Tabibzadeh Nahid , Wang Dongyu , Karaboyas Angelo , Schaeffner Elke , Jacobson Stefan H , Vega Almudena , Nitta Kosaku , Bieber Brian , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Torres Pablo Antonio Ureña 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The use of diuretics in patients on haemodialysis (HD) is thought to maintain diuresis. However, this assumption and the optimal dose are based on little scientific evidence, and associations with clinical outcomes are unclear.

Methods
We reported international variations in diuretic use and loop diuretic dose across 27 759 HD patients with dialysis vintage &lt;1 year in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study phases 2–5 (2002–2015), a prospective cohort study. Doses of torsemide (4:1) and bumetanide (80:1) were converted to oral furosemide-equivalent doses. Adjusted Cox, logistic and linear regressions were used to investigate the association of diuretic use and dose with outcomes.

Results
Diuretic utilization varied widely by country at vintage &lt;3 months, ranging from &gt;80% in Germany and Sweden to &lt;35% in the USA, at a median dose ranging from 400–500 mg/day in Germany and Sweden to &lt;100 mg/day in Japan and the USA. Neither diuretic use nor higher doses were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, a higher risk of hospitalization for fracture or elevated parathyroid hormone levels, but the prescription of higher doses (&gt;200 mg/day) was associated with a higher risk of all-cause hospitalization.

Conclusions
Substantial international differences exist in diuretic prescriptions, with use and doses much higher in some European countries than the USA. The prescription and higher doses of loop diuretics was not associated with improved outcomes.
Are We Adding Pain-Free Years to Life? A Test of Compression Versus Expansion of Morbidity
Authors: Zimmer Zachary , Sun Feinuo , Duynisveld Amber 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
There has been debate regarding whether increases in longevity result in longer and healthier lives or more disease and suffering. To address the issue, this study uses health expectancy methods and tests an expansion versus compression of morbidity with respect to pain.

Methods
Data are from 1993 to 2018 Health and Retirement Study. Pain is categorized as no pain, nonlimiting, and limiting pain. Multistate life tables examine 77 996 wave-to-wave transitions across pain states or death using the Stochastic Population Analysis for Complex Events program. Results are presented as expected absolute and relative years of life for 70-, 80-, and 90-year-old men and women. Confidence intervals assess significance of differences over time. Population- and status-based results are presented.

Results
For those 70 and 80 years old, relative and absolute life with nonlimiting and limiting pain increased substantially for men and women, and despite variability on a wave-to-wave basis, results generally confirm an expanding pain morbidity trend. Results do not vary by baseline status, indicating those already in pain are just as likely to experience expansion of morbidity as those pain-free at baseline. Results are different for 90-year-olds who have not experienced expanding pain morbidity and do not show an increase in life expectancy.

Conclusions
Findings are consistent with extant literature indicating increasing pain prevalence among older Americans and portend a need for attention to pain-coping resources, therapies, and prevention strategies.
An iterative weighted least-square fitting method for crustal anisotropy using receiver functions
Authors: Ji Cong , Huang Zhouchuan 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
The harmonic variation of the P-to-S converted phases (i.e. Pms) observed from receiver functions (RFs) includes information on crustal azimuthal anisotropy. However, this harmonic analysis is easily influenced by low-quality RF traces, and the measurements may be misleading. Here, we propose an improved method, named the iterative weighted least-square method (IWLS), to extract the splitting parameters of the crust and simultaneously retrieve the two- and four-lobed components of backazimuthal variation. The quality and weights of different RF traces are estimated properly in the IWLS method. The weight function is related to the sharpness of the Pms phase and the smearing of other signals. We conduct many synthetic tests, and the IWLS method provides stable measurements for poor backazimuthal coverage, strong noise, weak P-wave azimuthal anisotropy and multiple anisotropic layers. We apply the IWLS method to observational data from two temporary stations on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and North China Craton, respectively. The measurements are comparable to previous results and provide insight into crustal deformation.
Graph-learning approach to combine multiresolution seismic velocity models
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Gerstoft Peter , Olsen Kim 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
The resolution of velocity models obtained by tomography varies due to multiple factors and variables, such as the inversion approach, ray coverage, data quality, etc. Combining velocity models with different resolutions can enable more accurate ground motion simulations. Toward this goal, we present a novel methodology to fuse multiresolution seismic velocity maps with probabilistic graphical models (PGMs). The PGMs provide segmentation results, corresponding to various velocity intervals, in seismic velocity models with different resolutions. Further, by considering physical information (such as ray path density), we introduce physics-informed probabilistic graphical models (PIPGMs). These models provide data-driven relations between subdomains with low (LR) and high (HR) resolutions. Transferring (segmented) distribution information from the HR regions enhances the details in the LR regions by solving a maximum likelihood problem with prior knowledge from HR models. When updating areas bordering HR and LR regions, a patch-scanning policy is adopted to consider local patterns and avoid sharp boundaries. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed PGM fusion method, we tested the fusion approach on both a synthetic checkerboard model and a fault zone structure imaged from the 2019 Ridgecrest, CA, earthquake sequence. The Ridgecrest fault zone image consists of a shallow (top 1 km) high-resolution shear-wave velocity model obtained from ambient noise tomography, which is embedded into the coarser Statewide California Earthquake Center Community Velocity Model version S4.26-M01. The model efficacy is underscored by the deviation between observed and calculated traveltimes along the boundaries between HR and LR regions, 38 per cent less than obtained by conventional Gaussian interpolation. The proposed PGM fusion method can merge any gridded multiresolution velocity model, a valuable tool for computational seismology and ground motion estimation.
Enhancing slime mould algorithm for engineering optimization: leveraging covariance matrix adaptation and best position management
Authors: Huang Jinpeng , Chen Yi , Heidari Ali Asghar , Liu Lei , Chen Huiling , Liang Guoxi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The slime mould algorithm (SMA), as an emerging and promising swarm intelligence algorithm, has been studied in various fields. However, SMA suffers from issues such as easily getting trapped in local optima and slow convergence, which pose challenges when applied to practical problems. Therefore, this study proposes an improved SMA, named HESMA, by incorporating the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) and storing the best position of each individual (SBP). On one hand, CMA-ES enhances the algorithm’s local exploration capability, addressing the issue of the algorithm being unable to explore the vicinity of the optimal solution. On the other hand, SBP enhances the convergence speed of the algorithm and prevents it from diverging to other inferior solutions. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, this study conducted experiments on 30 IEEE CEC 2017 benchmark functions and compared HESMA with 12 conventional metaheuristic algorithms. The results demonstrated that HESMA indeed achieved improvements over SMA. Furthermore, to highlight the performance of HESMA further, this study compared it with 13 advanced algorithms, and the results showed that HESMA outperformed these advanced algorithms significantly. Next, this study applied HESMA to five engineering optimization problems, and the experimental results revealed that HESMA exhibited significant advantages in solving real-world engineering optimization problems. These findings further support the effectiveness and practicality of our algorithm in addressing complex engineering design challenges.
Many-objective artificial hummingbird algorithm: an effective many-objective algorithm for engineering design problems
Authors: Kalita Kanak , Jangir Pradeep , Pandya Sundaram B , Čep Robert , Abualigah Laith , Migdady Hazem , Daoud Mohammad Sh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many-objective optimization presents unique challenges in balancing diversity and convergence of solutions. Traditional approaches struggle with this balance, leading to suboptimal solution distributions in the objective space especially at higher number of objectives. This necessitates the need for innovative strategies to adeptly manage these complexities. This study introduces a Many-Objective Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (MaOAHA), an advanced evolutionary algorithm designed to overcome the limitations of existing many-objective optimization methods. The objectives are to improve convergence rates, maintain solution diversity, and achieve a uniform distribution in the objective space. MaOAHA implements information feedback mechanism (IFM), reference point-based selection and association, non-dominated sorting, and niche preservation. The IFM utilizes historical data from previous generations to inform the update process, thereby improving the algorithm’s the exploration and exploitation capabilities. Reference point-based selection, along with non-dominated sorting, ensures solutions are both close to the Pareto front and evenly spread in the objective space. Niche preservation and density estimation strategies are employed to maintain diversity and prevent overcrowding. The comprehensive experimental analysis benchmarks MaOAHA against four leading algorithms viz. Many-Objective Gradient-Based Optimizer, Many-Objective Particle Swarm Optimizer, Reference Vector Guided Evolutionary Algorithm, and Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III. The DTLZ1–DTLZ7 benchmark sets with four, six, and eight objectives and five real-world problems (RWMaOP1–RWMaOP5) are considered for performance assessment of the selected algorithms. The results demonstrate that internal parameter-free MaOAHA significantly outperforms its counterparts, achieving better generational distance by up to 52.38%, inverse generational distance by up to 38.09%, spacing by up to 56%, spread by up to 71.42%, hypervolume by up to 44%, and runtime by up to 52%. These metrics affirm the MaOAHA’s capability to enhance the decision-making processes through its adept balance of convergence, diversity, and uniformity.
The state of cancer-focused community outreach and engagement (COE): reflections of Black COE directors
Authors: Thompson Hayley S , Ashing Kimlin Tam , Barrett Nadine J , Baskin Monica L , Carter-Bawa Lisa , Nolan Timiya S , Odedina Folakemi T , Rhoads Kim F , Sheppard Vanessa B , Zeigler-Johnson Charnita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The requirement of community outreach and engagement (COE) as a major component of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Center Support Grant has had an enormous impact on the way NCI-designated cancer centers identify, investigate, and address the needs of their catchment area (CA) communities. Given the wide-ranging diversity of our nation, COE’s scope of work (SOW) is extremely demanding and complex. Yet, COE is often marginalized and viewed as void of scientific methods when, in fact, it requires specialized scientific knowledge and a broad range of proficiencies. Black COE scientific directors may be particularly attuned to this marginalization as they have often confronted workplace inequities that resemble the health inequities observed within their cancer center’s CA. Thus, Black COE leaders are uniquely positioned to offer insight on the past, present, and future of COE. Key areas discussed include the low involvement of minoritized group members and those with appropriate expertise in national COE leadership; the lack of established, consistent criteria for evaluation of COE components and qualifications of evaluators; the need for substantial financial investment in COE; potential misalignment of community priorities and cancer center objectives; professional development and growth of COE staff and leaders; the expanding scope of COE across their respective cancer centers and CAs; and the need for center-wide involvement in COE and an “all-hands-on-deck” approach. These areas warrant thoughtful dialogue as COE evolves, for the benefit and success of all COE leaders. However, this dialogue must include diverse voices representing similarly diverse stakeholders at every level.
Neither Mergers nor Cartels: Innovation Networks and Competition Law
Authors: Groza Teodora , Perrin Etienne 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Organization theorists and innovation economists have been arguing for the past few decades that the locus of research and development activities has gradually moved away from vertically integrated firms to inter-firm alliances. In industries as diverse as construction and biotechnology, cooperation for innovation has given rise to collaborative forms of industrial organization varying from bilateral alliances to networks. Nonetheless, the EU competition law framework opens up limited space for inter-firm collaborations, cabined by the efficiency test of Article 101(3) TFEU and the requirements of the horizontal block exemption regulations. Building on this misfit, this article makes two contributions. First, a theoretical one, arguing that the law’s cautious approach to inter-firm collaboration is rooted in a binary vision of industrial organization which recognizes only firms and markets as modes of organizing production. Second, an explanatory one, showing how the 2023 Research & Development Block Exemption Regulation falls short of facilitating inter-firm collaborations for innovation and proposing fine-tuning suggestions.
Damage creep model and application for sandy mudstone considering the effect of immersion deterioration
Authors: Ma Zhitao , Liu Wenhu , Xu Hanwen , Huo Yujia , Wang Yipeng , Li Shunhai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of performance degradation and large deformation of sandy mudstone after immersion in water, the compression test is carried out. The damage and deterioration law of strength and elastic modulus of immersed rock mass is analyzed, and the function relationship between rock damage variable and soaking time is obtained by fitting. Combined with the Hoek-Brown criterion and Mohr-Coulomb criterion, the calculation method of instantaneous cohesion and instantaneous internal friction angle of damaged rock mass is derived based on the tangent method, and the equivalent Mohr-Coulomb criterion which can effectively characterize the nonlinear strength characteristics of damaged rock mass is given. Based on the built-in creep model Cvisc of Flac3D, a damage creep model is given by introducing the damage factor and nonlinear strength criterion of immersed rock mass, which is more suitable for describing the creep characteristics of immersed sandy mudstone. The validity of the model is verified by comparing with the measured results.
Sex-specific strategies of resource utilization and determining mechanisms of Hippophae rhamnoides in response to community succession
Authors: Fan Baoli , Gao Pengfei , Tian Tingting , Ding Nana , Wan Yongkuan , Zhou Xianhui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The dioecious plant, Hippophae rhamnoides, is a pioneer species in community succession on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), plays great roles in various ecosystem services. However, the males and females of the species differ both in their morphology and physiology, resulting in a change in the ratio of male to female plants depending on the environment. To further explore the functional traits critical to this sex-based distinctive response in the alpine grassland, we have surveyed the sex ratios, measured their photosynthetic parameters, height, leaf area and biomass allocation. The results showed that (i) The males had higher Pn, light saturation point, apparent quantum efficiency, Amax and lower water-use efficiency (WUE), which exhibited higher utilization efficiency or tolerance to strong light, while the females indicated higher utilization efficiency for low light and water. And it showed sex-specific biomass allocation patterns. (ii) H. rhamnoides populations across the successional stages all showed a male-biased sexual allocation, which was closely related to sex-specific WUE, Pn, root biomass/total biomass and root–crown ratio. (iii) The leaf traits of H. rhamnoides changed from higher Narea, Parea and leaf mass per area in the early and late to lower in the middle, which meant they moved their growth strategy from resource rapid acquisition to conservation as the succession progressed. (iv) The increasing soil total phosphorus mostly contributed to regulating the sex bias of populations and variations of traits during the succession. The results are vital for the management of grassland degradation and restoration due to shrub encroachment on the QTP.
Shining light on plant growth: recent insights into phytochrome-interacting factors
Authors: Cai Xingbo , Huq Enamul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Light serves as a pivotal environmental cue regulating various aspects of plant growth and development, including seed germination, seedling de-etiolation, and shade avoidance. Within this regulatory framework, the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors known as phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) play an essential role in orchestrating responses to light stimuli. Phytochromes, acting as red/far-red light receptors, initiate a cascade of events leading to the degradation of PIFs (except PIF7), thereby triggering transcriptional reprogramming to facilitate photomorphogenesis. Recent research has unveiled multiple post-translational modifications that regulate the abundance and/or activity of PIFs, including phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and SUMOylation. Moreover, intriguing findings indicate that PIFs can influence chromatin modifications. These include modulation of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac), as well as occupancy of histone variants such as H2A.Z (associated with gene repression) and H3.3 (associated with gene activation), thereby intricately regulating downstream gene expression in response to environmental cues. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of PIFs in regulating various signaling pathways, with a major focus on photomorphogenesis.
A Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guideline: Traumatic Brain Injury Management and Basic Neurosurgery in the Deployed Environment
Authors: Dengler Bradley , McCafferty Randall , Neal Christopher , Bell Randy , Sonka Brian J , Jensen Shane , Tadlock Matthew D , Van Gent Jan-Michael , How Remealle A , Gurney Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Management of the patient with moderate to severe brain injury in any environment can be time consuming and resource intensive. These challenges are magnified while forward deployed in austere or hostile environments. This Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guideline provides recommendations for the treatment and medical management of casualties with moderate to severe head injuries in an environment where personnel, resources, and follow-on care are limited. These guidelines have been developed by acknowledging commonly recognized recommendations for neurosurgical and neuro-critical care patients and augmenting those evaluations and interventions based on the experience of neurosurgeons, trauma surgeons, and intensivists who have delivered care during recent coalition conflicts.