bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of urethral pressure profilometry and contrast radiography in the diagnosis of incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism in bitches
Authors: Gregory S. P. , Cripps P. J. , Holt P. E. 
Published: October 2010

Three diagnostic indicators of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence were compared in 25 continent and 25 incontinent anaesthetised bitches: the resting urethral pressure profile, the stressed urethral pressure profile and the radiographic position of the bladder neck. Logistic regression indicated that the best predictor of continence status was the stressed urethral pressure profile as assessed by the percentage of negative peaks extending below the resting intravesical pressure; it classified 43 of the 50 dogs correctly. The radiographic position of the bladder neck was a better predictor of continence than either the measurement of functional profile length or the maximum urethral closure pressure from the resting urethral pressure profile, whether alone or in combination. By combining the percentage of negative peaks on the stressed profile with the position of the bladder neck, 46 of the 50 dogs were classified correctly. Cut‐off values for the percentage of negative peaks on the stressed urethral pressure profile, and for the radiographic position of the bladder neck are suggested for use in evaluating incontinent bitches in clinical practice.
Platelet dysfunction associated with experimental acute canine ehrlichiosis
Authors: Harrus S. , Waner T. , Eldor A. , Zwang E. , Bark H. 
Published: October 2010

To determine whether platelet dysfunction occurs in canine ehrlichiosis, platelet aggregation studies in response to collagen/ epinephrine, thrombin and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were carried out by the indirect method, using sera from six dogs experimentally infected withEhrlichia canis. Samples of serum taken before infection and four and 20 days after infection were tested by incubation with platelet‐rich plasma from a seronegative healthy dog. Platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited in five of six infected dogs in response to at least one of the agonists used. A significant increase in preaggregation lag time was recorded in response to collagen/ epinephrine in sera taken 20 days after infection from three of five dogs (P<0.05). When compared with the preinfection values, a significant increase of 45 per cent in the mean preaggregation lag time was detected (P<0.05). Maximal relative aggregation responses to ADP decreased significantly in one serum sample taken four days and one taken 20 days after infection (P<0.01) and there was a significantly lower relative slope for one serum sample 20 days after infection (P<0.05). Maximal relative aggregation responses to thrombin were significantly decreased together with their relative slopes in serum samples from two of four dogs four days after infection (P<0.05). The results suggest that platelet dysfunction may occur in the acute stage of canine ehrlichiosis, and may be a contributing factor to the tendency to bleed commonly observed in this disease. Antiplatelet antibodies directed against platelet glycoproteins may play a role in the inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Virulence, immunogenicity and reactivation of seven bovine herpesvirus 1.1 strains: clinical and virological aspects
Authors: Kaashoek M. J. , Straver P. J. , Van Rooij E. M. A. , Quak J. , Van Oirschot J. T. 
Published: October 2010

Specific pathogen‐free calves were inoculated intranasally with one of seven strains of bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (BHVl.1) to identify a highly virulent strain for use in vaccinationchallenge experiments. The calves were monitored clinically and virologically. Clear differences in virulence between the strains were observed. The Iowa strain was the most virulent; the four calves infected with the strain had the most severe clinical signs; two of them died and viraemia was detected in three of them. To evaluate the immunogenicity of the seven strains all the calves were challenged 16 weeks later with the Iowa strain. The calves of a control group showed the typical signs of a BHV1 infection, whereas all the other calves were protected against disease and shed little or no virus. Hence, the differences in virulence were not associated with differences in immunogenicity. After the calves had been treated with dexamethasone, differences were observed between the strains in the amount of virus that was excreted.
Clinical aspects of 27 cases of neosporosis in dogs
Authors: Barber J. S. , Trees A. J. 
Published: October 2010

Twenty‐seven cases of neosporosis in European dogs are described. The disease was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, or a favourable response to treatment in the dogs with appropriate clinical signs, and by the presence of antibodies toNeospora caninumbut not toToxoplasma gondii. The affected dogs were two days to seven years old, and of 13 different breeds. Both sexes were affected and in most cases littermates remained normal. Twenty‐one cases had an initial hindlimb paresis or ataxia, in which muscle atrophy was the most consistent clinical sign. Rigid hyperextension developed in approximately half of the cases. Anorexia and pyrexia were rare. Other clinical signs included forelimb ataxia, head tremors with tetraparesis and sudden collapse due to myocarditis. Titres of ≥1:800 in theN caninumindirect fluorescent antibody test were detected in the 20 cases from which serum samples were taken. Such high titres are rare in healthy dogs and strongly suggest a diagnosis of neosporosis. Sixteen of the dogs received appropriate antiprotozoal treatment with clindamycin, potentiated sulphonamides and/or pyrimethamine; 10 made a full or functional recovery. Recovery was less likely in peracute cases with severe clinical signs, and when the treatment was delayed.
Evaluation of a simplified intravenous glucose tolerance test and a reflectance glucose meter for use in cats
Authors: Link K. R. J. , Rand J. S. , Hendrikz J. K. 
Published: October 2010

A simplified intravenous glucose tolerance test has been developed for use in domestic cats and the results compared with those obtained using the standard test. The simplified test used two cephalic catheters, implanted in unsedated, unanaesthetised cats three hours before the test. Blood samples were collected before and after intravenous administration of glucose (0.5 g/kg bodyweight). Blood glucose concentration was measured with a reflectance glucose meter and an automated chemistry analyser. There were no significant differences between the results derived from the two tests. Because the simplified glucose tolerance test is easier to perform, requires no anaesthesia, uses only cephalic catheters and can be done on an outpatient basis, it is more cost effective and more clinically applicable. There were no significant differences between the results of glucose measurements with the two machines and the simplified glucose tolerance test can therefore be carried out with the reflectance glucose meter.
Bovine immunodeficiency‐like virus: inactivation in milk by pasteurisation
Authors: Venables C. , Lysons R. , Horigan M. , Stagg D. , Dawson M. 
Published: October 2010

Bioassay was used to determine whether bovine immunodeficiency‐ like virus (BIV) in milk was inactivated by pasteurisation. Three groups of three calves were inoculated with virus (BIV isolate FL112), milk seeded with virus and milk seeded with virus that had been pasteurised before inoculation, respectively. Seroconversion to BIV was monitored for 12 months by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The presence of BIV proviral DNA in peripheral blood was determined by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The animals were euthanased and virus isolation and PCR were attempted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, prescapular lymph node and spleen. Transmission of BIV was confirmed in the groups that were inoculated with the virus and with the virus in milk, but no evidence of its transmission was demonstrated in the group that received the pasteurised inoculum.
An outbreak of respiratory disease in horses associated withMycoplasma felisinfection
Authors: Wood J. L. N. , Chanter N. , Newton J. R. , Burrell M. H. , Dugdale D. , Windsor H. M. , Windsor G. D. , Rosendal S. , Townsend H. G. G. 
Published: October 2010

Lower respiratory tract disease developed in a group of racehorses in training between two and six years of age. Disease was observed in 22 of 25 horses for which full records were available. Seroconversion toMycoplasma feliswas demonstrated by indirect haemagglutination assay in 19 of 22 paired sera and high titres (≥64) were found in convalescent sera from the three remaining horses. Evidence of respiratory viral infection was confined to seroconversions to equine herpesvirus‐ 4 in two of the horses. Tracheal wash samples, taken from four horses with visibly increased tracheal mucopus, contained more than 104 colony forming units/mlM felisand high proportions of neutrophils. This is the first description of an outbreak of lower respiratory tract disease in horses in training associated withM felisinfection.
Eradication of porcine factor H deficiency in Norway
Authors: Høgåsen K. , Jansen J. H. , Harboe M. 
Published: October 2010

In pigs a hereditary deficiency of the complement‐inhibitory protein factor H consistently leads to the development of lethal membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II. This autosoipal recessive disease has been a common cause of early losses of piglets in the Norwegian Yorkshire breed, but has not been reported in the Norwegian Landrace breed. The aim of the present work was to identify carriers of factor H deficiency and to eradicate the disease from commercial pig populations. Factor H in plasma was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. Sixteen known carriers of the disease (parents of factor H‐deficient offspring) had half the level of factor H (median 110, range 87 to 156 mg/litre) recorded in 17 homozygous healthy Yorkshire pigs (median 212, range 183 to 293 mg/litre) and 20 Landrace pigs (median 227, range 200 to 255 mg/litre). Factor H analysis in 397 piglets produced by the mating of known carriers revealed an approximately 1:2:1 distribution of individuals with very low, half‐normal and normal levels of factor H representing homozygous deficient, heterozygous and homozygous healthy individuals. Thus, carriers could be identified reliably by measuring the plasma concentration of factor H. Most of the population of Norwegian Yorkshire breeding pigs (490 pigs) was therefore examined, and a half‐normal factor H level consistent with the carrier state was found in 13.5 per cent. These animals were prevented from breeding and since then no losses of piglets suspected of being due to factor H deficiency have been reported. No carrier was identified among 102 Norwegian Landrace boars, almost excluding the existence of factor H deficiency in this breed.
Treatment of a keratoma in a Clydesdale horse
Authors: Chan C. C‐H. , Munroe G. A. 
Published: October 2010

A keratoma was diagnosed in a six‐year‐old Clydesdale gelding with recurrent ‘pus in the foot’. The keratoma was excised through an inverted ‘V’ dorsal wall hoof resection up to 2 cm distal to the coronary band, the foot was bandaged and shod, and the horse treated with antibiotics and phenylbutazone. The dorsal hoof wall regrew completely and the horse gradually returned to full work.
Eradication of Aujeszky's disease virus from a Swedish pig herd using gI‐/TK‐ vaccine
Authors: Engel M. , Wierup M. 
Published: October 2010

An attenuated glycoprotein I‐negative (gI‐)/thymidine kinasenegative (TK‐) constructed vaccine was used to eradicate Aujeszky's disease virus from a large farrow‐to‐finish herd in Sweden. The herd had had problems every year for seven years and two attempts to eradicate the virus without vaccination had failed. At the start of the vaccination programme 86 per cent of the 396 breeding animals were seropositive to the virus. In spite of evidence of virus circulation in the fattening units, no fatteners were vaccinated. The breeding stock was vaccinated every four months and monitored serologically. Seropositive sows and boars were culled at an economic rate. During the programme, four breeding animals seroconverted to gI. Another seven animals which seroconverted to gI were suspected to have been infected shortly before the first test and vaccination. When all the seropositive breeding animals had been culled, the fattening units were sampled and no seropositive animals were found. The herd was declared gInegative 39 months after the start of the programme. Monitoring of the herd for another four years, until all the vaccinated animals had been culled, showed that the herd remained free from Aujeszky's disease virus.
Evaluation of the effects of nursery depopulation on the profitability of 34 pig farms
Authors: Dee S. A. , Joo H. S. , Polson D. D. , Marsh W. E. 
Published: October 2010

The financial impact of nursery depopulation was assessed on 34 pig farms by constructing a partial budget model to measure the profitability of the nursery production. The model measured margin over variable cost and used production data generated from a previous study; it assumed that fixed costs remained constant throughout the study and that feed cost, weaned pig cost and market price per nursery pig also remained fixed. The mean margin over variable cost per sow on the 34 farms after nursery depopulation was £116. Thirtytwo of the farms showed reductions in this cost, ranging from £20 to £408 per sow, in the 12 months after nursery depopulation compared with the previous 12 months. Of the two farms which did not show an increase in profitability, one showed no change and the other showed a net loss of £8 per sow. The sows' serostatus for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection was monitored but there was no significant difference between the margin over variable cost per sow of the seropositive (£130) and seronegative (£170) herds.
Age‐related disease in recurrent outbreaks of phocid herpesvirus type‐I infections in a seal rehabilitation centre: evaluation of diagnostic methods
Authors: Harder T. C. , Vos H. , de Swart R. L. , Osterhaus A. D. M. E. 
Published: October 2010

The prevalence and clinical signs of phocid herpesvirus type‐1 (PhHV‐1) infections among harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in a seal rehabilitation centre in the Netherlands were monitored between June and September 1993 and 1994 when 34 and 36 seals, respectively, were rehabilitated. In both years PhHV‐1‐related disease outbreaks occurred in the pupping season. PhHV‐1 infections were diagnosed by the demonstration of a more than four‐fold increase in virus neutralising serum antibodies in paired serum samples, by the isolation of the virus from swab samples in primary seal kidney cells, and by the detection of PhHV‐1 DNA with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in swab samples. This assay targets a 290 bp fragment of the glycoprotein D (gD) gene equivalent of PhHV‐1. The PCR assay when combined with Southern blotting (PCR‐SB) was approximately 1000 times more sensitive than virus isolation when tested with serially diluted samples from PhHV‐l‐infected cell cultures. In contrast with virus isolation, the PCR‐SB scored as positive all the animals with serological evidence of PhHV‐1 infection. The majority of seals present in the centre during the outbreaks contracted the infection and developed benign upper respiratory disease. However, the severity of PhHV‐1‐ related disease was inversely correlated with age and fatal generalised infections occurred only in neonates.
Percutaneous ultrasound‐guided abomasocentesis in cows
Authors: Braun U. , Wild K. , Merz M. , Hertzberg H. 
Published: October 2010

The goal of this study was to determine the optimal location for ultrasound‐guided centesis of the bovine abomasum and to assess the safety of the procedure. In the first part of this study, the technique was applied to 50 clinically healthy cows which were slaughtered within two hours of the procedure. The abomasum and peritoneum were then examined for lesions. In all but one cow, the location for abomasocentesis was 10 to 27 cm caudal to the xiphoid and on the ventral midline or up to 10 cm to the right of it. No peritoneal lesions were observed in any of the cows. In all cases, the site of centesis was visible as a localised haemorrhage on the serosal surface of the abomasum. In 41 of the cows, a haematoma was visible on the mucosal surface of the abomasum. In the second part of the study, 10 cows were monitored clinically for 10 days after abomasocentesis, to assess the safety of the procedure. The appetite, general behaviour, attitude and rectal temperature of the cows remained normal. The haematocrit, total and differential leucocyte counts, and the concentrations of total solids and fibrinogen were determined daily and remained within their normal ranges. At slaughter minimal changes, such as localised reddening and adhesions between the site of the puncture in the abomasum and the abdominal wall, were visible in three of the cows.
Monensin toxicity in a flock of ostriches
Authors: Baird G. J. , Caldow G. L. , Peek I. S. , Grant D. A. 
Published: October 2010

A total of 42 birds from a flock of 104 farmed ostriches showed signs of toxicity after the accidental inclusion of monensin in their concentrate ration. The initial clinical signs were muscle weakness and ataxia which progressed to recumbency, dyspnoea and death, despite intensive supportive therapy. The serum activity of the enzymes creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase was high in the affected birds, indicating significant muscle pathology. Few gross lesions were identifiable postmortem, but widespread lesions of degenerative myopathy were present at the histopathological level. However, these degenerative changes were restricted to the skeletal muscle and there was no evidence of cardiomyopathy in any of the birds examined. The birds were fed a ration which contained 215 to 224 ppm monensin for 13 days. New clinical cases ceased to occur shortly after the withdrawal of the source of monensin, but all the individuals which showed clinical signs of toxicity died or were euthanased on humane grounds.
Seroconversion in an industrial unit of rabbits infected with a non‐pathogenic rabbit haemorrhagic disease‐like virus
Authors: Capucci L. , Nardin A. , Lavazza A. 
Published: October 2010

A serological survey of 238 rabbits for antirabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) antibodies was made in an industrial rabbitry where no signs of the disease had been reported for four years. Seroconversion was repeatedly detected and was due to a calicivirus antigenically related to RHDV but without its pathogenicity. There was a seroprevalence of 33.3 per cent among young animals at weaning at 31 days old, 27.6 per cent at five to seven days after weaning, 56.1 per cent at 13 to 14 days after weaning, 90.3 per cent at 19 to 20 days and 100 per cent at 32 to 33 days after weaning, and all the breeding rabbits were seropositive. In the last group and in the young at weaning, the anti‐RHDV antibodies were mainly class IgG, but they were IgM and IgA at 13 to 14 days after weaning. In older fattening rabbits, there was a decrease of IgM and IgA and an increase of IgG confirmed seroconversion without any specific signs of rabbit haemorrhagic disease. On the basis of these results, the probable time of infection of the meat rabbits with this non‐pathogenic virus was immediately after weaning.
Gas bubble disease in farmed fish in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saeed M. O. , Al‐Thobaiti S. A. 
Published: October 2010

Four outbreaks of gas bubble disease were encountered among farmed fish in Saudi Arabia. Two of them occurred among subadult (52.5 g) saltwater tilapia (Oreochromis spilurus), the first affecting about 50 per cent of the stock and resulting in about 30 per cent mortality, and the second affecting about 25 per cent of the population with about 5 per cent mortality. Another outbreak occurred among adult (270 g) brackish water (0.5 per cent salinity) tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), affecting about 40 per cent of the population with about 25 per cent mortality. The fourth outbreak occurred among three‐month‐old (15 g) grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and resulted in 10 per cent mortality. In all cases the total water gas pressure ranged between 111.2 and 113.4 per cent saturation and nitrogen was supersaturated while oxygen was undersaturated. The outbreaks were alleviated by reducing the gas pressure by splashing the source water or by switching to a source of water with lower gas pressure. However, in O niloticus the conditions of gas supersaturation resulted in a heavy infection by monogenetic trematodes which was treated with formalin at 40 mg/litre for seven hours on five successive days.
Effectiveness of SAG1 oral vaccine for the long‐term protection of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) against rabies
Authors: Artois M. , Cliquet F. , Barrat J. , Schumacher C. L. 
Published: October 2010

Three groups of 10 foxes were vaccinated by the direct oral instillation of 2 ml of SAG1 rabies virus vaccine containing 106 MICLD50 (107 TCID50/ml) infectious viral particles/ml. SAG1 is a natural variant of the attenuated rabies vaccine strain SAD Bern and was selected in the presence of monoclonal antibodies. The strain is devoid of residual pathogenicity for the fox and the highly susceptible adult laboratory mouse by the oral, intramuscular and intracerebral routes. The foxes were challenged six, 12 and 18 months later with a virulent vulpine street rabies virus (GS 7‐1‐1). They all survived, whereas seven of eight unvaccinated control foxes died.
Naturally occurring persistent and asymptomatic infection of the guttural pouches of horses withStreptococcus equi
Authors: Newton J. R. , Wood J. L. N. , Dunn K. A. , DeBrauwere M. N. , Chanter N. 
Published: October 2010

During an outbreak of strangles on a farm with approximately 1500 horses, the spread ofStreptococcus equiinfection was monitored by repeated nasopharyngeal swabbing and culture. In order to control the infection and prevent new introductions of strangles on to the premises, a system of quarantine and swabbing of cases and all incoming animals was instituted. Long‐term carriage of the organism was detected in four clinically healthy convalescent animals, and in two of 350 new ponies; it persisted for between seven and 39 months, but it was detected only intermittently by the culture of swabs which was a much less sensitive method than the culture of guttural pouch lavages taken by endoscopy (45 per cent v 88 per cent sensitivity, respectively, for any single sample). Repeated swabs were often negative for several weeks between positive samples. Nonetheless, in all but one of the long‐term carriers,S equiwas detected by culture of repeated swabs taken over a period of less than two to three months. Infection was detected unilaterally in the guttural pouches of five of the carriers and was accompanied by large numbers of neutrophils in the lavage samples whether or not there was empyema. Abnormalities of the affected guttural pouches were detectable by radiography but only after the instillation of contrast medium. The study indicated that clinically healthy long‐term carriers ofS equipresent a serious risk of spreading strangles, particularly because they may be detected only by repeated nasopharyngeal swabbing over two to three months.