bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of etanercept in the tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome: A prospective, open‐label, dose‐escalation study
Authors: Bulua Ariel C. , Mogul Douglas B. , Aksentijevich Ivona , Singh Harjot , He David Y. , Muenz Larry R. , Ward Michael M. , Yarboro Cheryl H. , Kastner Daniel L. , Siegel Richard M. , Hull Keith M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of etanercept in improving the symptoms and underlying inflammation in patients with tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS).MethodsFifteen patients with TRAPS were enrolled in a prospective, open‐label, dose‐escalation study. Patients recorded attacks, symptom severity, and use of ancillary medications in a daily diary. Blood samples were collected during each period and measured for levels of acute‐phase reactants. Between 7 years and 9 years after the conclusion of the initial study, patients completed a followup survey and were evaluated to determine the long‐term outcome of etanercept treatment.ResultsEtanercept treatment significantly attenuated the total symptom score and reduced the frequency of symptoms. Etanercept also reduced levels of acute‐phase reactants, particularly during asymptomatic periods. During a 10‐year followup period, patients continued to receive etanercept for a median of 3.3 years, with a number of patients switching to anti–interleukin‐1β receptor therapy or not receiving biologic agents, most frequently citing injection site reactions and lack of efficacy as reasons for discontinuation. However, patients continuing to receive etanercept had reduced symptoms at followup.ConclusionEtanercept reduces symptoms and serum levels of inflammatory markers of TRAPS in a dose‐dependent manner, but does not completely normalize symptoms or acute‐phase reactant levels. Although long‐term adherence to etanercept is poor, continuing to receive etanercept may provide continued symptomatic benefit.
Syntrophic interactions improve power production in formic acid fed MFCs operated with set anode potentials or fixed resistances
Authors: Sun Dan , Call Douglas F. , Kiely Patrick D. , Wang Aijie , Logan Bruce E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFormic acid is a highly energetic electron donor but it has previously resulted in low power densities in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Three different set anode potentials (−0.30, −0.15, and +0.15 V; vs. a standard hydrogen electrode, SHE) were used to evaluate syntrophic interactions in bacterial communities for formic acid degradation relative to a non‐controlled, high resistance system (1,000 Ω external resistance). No current was generated at −0.30 V, suggesting a lack of direct formic acid oxidation (standard reduction potential: −0.40 V). More positive potentials that allowed for acetic acid utilization all produced current, with the best performance at −0.15 V. The anode community in the −0.15 V reactor, based on 16S rDNA clone libraries, was 58% Geobacter sulfurreducens and 17% Acetobacterium, with lower proportions of these genera found in the other two MFCs. Acetic acid was detected in all MFCs suggesting that current generation by G. sulfurreducens was dependent on acetic acid production by Acetobacterium. When all MFCs were subsequently operated at an external resistance for maximum power production (100 Ω for MFCs originally set at −0.15 and +0.15 V; 150 Ω for the control), they produced similar power densities and exhibited the same midpoint potential of −0.15 V in first derivative cyclic voltammetry scans. All of the mixed communities converged to similar proportions of the two predominant genera (ca. 52% G. sulfurreducens and 22% Acetobacterium). These results show that syntrophic interactions can be enhanced through setting certain anode potentials, and that long‐term performance produces stable and convergent communities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:405–414. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of a highly sensitive method for the determination of abiraterone in rat and human plasma by LC‐MS/MS‐ESI: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Gurav Sandip , Punde Ravindra , Farooqui Junaid , Zainuddin Mohd , Rajagopal Sriram , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA highly sensitive, rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of abiraterone (ART) in rat and human plasma with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization in the positive‐ion mode. The assay procedure involves extraction of ART and phenacetin (internal standard, IS) from rat and human plasma with a simple protein precipitation extraction process. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an isocratic mobile (10 mm ammonium acetate:acetonitrile, 10:90, v/v) at a flow‐rate of 0.70 mL/min on an Atlantis dC18 column maintained at 40 °C with a total run time of 3.5 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 350.3 → 156.0 for ART and 180.2 → 110.1 for IS. Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 0.20 ng/mL and the linearity range extended from 0.20 to 201 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the ranges 2.39–10.4 and 4.84–9.53% in rat plasma and 3.82–10.8 and 6.97–8.94% in human plasma. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive no, co and hydrocarbon oxidation reactions over a diesel oxidation catalyst
Authors: AL‐Harbi Meshari , Hayes Robert , Votsmeier Martin , Epling William S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe oxidation of NO, CO and hydrocarbons (HC) individually, in mixtures, and with NO2 were investigated over a monolith‐supported Pt/Al2O3 catalyst under oxidising conditions. Although competitive adsorption and inhibition by other species on oxidation reactions is a relatively well‐known phenomenon, this study represents a more comprehensive examination of such effects between key components in vehicle exhaust gases. NO2 was completely reduced by CO and C3H6, under NO2 limited conditions, at temperatures as low as 110°C and at temperatures above 140°C with dodecane and m‐xylene. NO2 was then again observed once the extent of oxidation of the other species by oxygen was significant. Under the conditions tested, NO, CO and HC oxidation was inhibited by NO2 in the feed gas mixture. HC were also found to inhibit the oxidation of NO and other HC species due to site adsorption competition. For CO, HC did not change the onset of oxidation, but did inhibit the extent after their light off began. At low temperatures, CO was initially found to inhibit NO oxidation, but at higher temperatures, once CO oxidation was significant, CO promoted NO conversion to NO2. The observed inhibition effects of the different gases on HC oxidation were not additive, indicating one species would cause inhibition, but once its inhibition ended, another species could still then cause inhibition. The combined effect of C3H6, NO and NO2 on CO conversion was found to be additive. This is because CO oxidation started prior C3H6. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Utilisation of immobilised activated sludge for the biosorption of chromium (VI)
Authors: Shams Khorramabadi Ghodratallah , Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani Reza , Rezaee Abbas , Khataee Ali R. , Jonidi Jafari Ahmad 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe objective of this investigation was to study the biosorption of Cr (VI) on immobilised activated sludge (IAS) and calcium alginate (CA) using batch system. The optimal pH for Cr (VI) biosorption by IAS and CA was 2.0 and 4.0, respectively. Equilibrium was attained at approximately 120 min for both biosorbents. For both biosorbents, the equilibrium biosorption capacity (mg/g) increased as the initial metal ion concentration increased and the concentration of biosorbent decreased.The rate of biosorption onto IAS and pure CA (as mg/g) increased from 5.02 to 87.66 and 4.97 to 79.09 as the concentration of Cr (VI) ions increased from 10 to 1000 mg/L, respectively. In the case of biosorbent concentration, as the concentration of IAS and pure CA increased from 1 to 20 g/L, the equilibrium uptake (qe) decreased from 21.33 to 1.57 and 19.41 to 1.38 mg/g, respectively. The biosorption data showed that the Langmuir model was more suitable than the Freundlich model. Also, the results indicated that the pseudo‐second order model was the most suitable for Cr (VI) biosorption onto IAS and CA. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Cathepsin B cleavable novel prodrug Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM enhances efficacy at reduced toxicity in treating gastric cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Shao Li‐Hua , Liu Shao‐Ping , Hou Jin‐Xuan , Zhang Yan‐Hua , Peng Chun‐Wei , Zhong Yan‐Jun , Liu Xiong , Liu Xiu‐Li , Hong Ya‐Ping , Firestone Raymond A. , Li Yan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is effective in gastric cancer treatment, but with severe dose‐dependent toxicities. A novel prodrug of doxorubicin (Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM) is designed to deliver free doxorubicin relying on cathepsin B and reduce side effects. The authors examined the antitumor effect and toxicities of Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM against gastric cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis.METHODS:SGC‐7901 gastric cancer cell line was used for the study. The in vitro study investigated the effects of doxorubicin and Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM on cell growth dynamics and cell cycle. The in vivo study investigated the efficacy and toxicity of Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM on a nude mice model of peritoneal carcinomatosis, with doxorubicin as positive control.RESULTS:In the in vitro study, Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM had a lower dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on SGC‐7901 cells. In the in vivo study of control, doxorubicin, and Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM groups, the median experimental peritoneal carcinomatosis indexes were 6, 1.5, and 1, respectively (P = .004); the body weights were 24.32 ± 1.40 g, 18.40 ± 2.97 g, and 23.61 ± 0.80 g, respectively (P = .000). Biochemical studies showed that Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM had significantly lower toxicities on the bone marrow, liver, kidney, and particularly heart. Histopathological studies of the control, doxorubicin, and Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM groups found significant myocardium toxicities in 3, 7, and 4 animals, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Ac‐Phe‐Lys‐PABC‐ADM could be an effective molecular targeting drug to treat gastric cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Numerical simulation of a thermodynamically consistent four‐species tumor growth model
Authors: Hawkins‐Daarud Andrea , van der Zee Kristoffer G. , Tinsley Oden J. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop a thermodynamically consistent four‐species model of tumor growth on the basis of the continuum theory of mixtures. Unique to this model is the incorporation of nutrient within the mixture as opposed to being modeled with an auxiliary reaction‐diffusion equation. The formulation involves systems of highly nonlinear partial differential equations of surface effects through diffuse‐interface models. A mixed finite element spatial discretization is developed and implemented to provide numerical results demonstrating the range of solutions this model can produce. A time‐stepping algorithm is then presented for this system, which is shown to be first order accurate and energy gradient stable. The results of an array of numerical experiments are presented, which demonstrate a wide range of solutions produced by various choices of model parameters.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do infants show a cortisol awakening response?
Authors: Bright Melissa A. , Granger Douglas A. , Frick Janet E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUpon awakening from sleep, combined processes of deactivation of the hippocampus and activation of suprachiasmatic nucleus result in a marked increase in cortisol release from structures within the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. This phenomenon, termed the cortisol awakening response (CAR), has been studied extensively in adults. In the current study, we examine this phenomenon for the first time in infancy. Saliva samples were collected by 32 mothers from themselves and their infants (13 males; 7.8–17.4 months of age) at the infant's AM waking (and 30 min later), and upon waking from the infant's first nap (and 30 min later). In contrast to what has been observed with the CAR in adults, cortisol levels declined from AM waking to 30 min post‐waking. Moreover, cortisol levels did not significantly rise or fall following naps. Consistent with prior research, both group‐level and dyadic‐level analyses showed that cortisol levels for mother–infant dyads were associated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 736–743, 2012.
Effect of CCL2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on bacterial translocation and subsequent sepsis in severely burned mice orally infected with Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Shigematsu Kenji , Kogiso Mari , Kobayashi Makiko , Herndon David N. , Suzuki Fujio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSeverely burned mice are susceptible to sepsis stemming from Enterococcus faecalis translocation due to the impaired generation of M1 macrophages (M1Mϕs) in local translocation sites. In our previous studies, CCL2 has been characterized as a major effector molecule on the burn‐associated generation of M2Mϕs, an inhibitor cell type for resident Mϕ conversion into M1Mϕs. In this study, we tried to protect burned mice orally infected with E. faecalis utilizing CCL2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). We show that M2Mϕs in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were not demonstrated in burned mice treated with CCL2 antisense ODNs. M1Mϕs were not induced by heat‐killed E. faecalis from resident Mϕs transwell‐cultured with mesenteric lymph node macrophages (MLN‐Mϕs) from burned mice, while M1Mϕs were induced by the same antigen from resident Mϕs transwell‐cultured with Mϕs which were isolated from burned mice treated with CCL2 antisense ODNs. Bacterial growth in MLNs was shown in burned mice orally infected with a lethal dose of E. faecalis. However, after the same infection, sepsis did not develop in burned mice treated with CCL2 antisense ODNs. These results indicate that bacterial translocation and subsequent sepsis are controlled in burned mice orally infected with a lethal dose of E. faecalis by gene therapy utilizing CCL2 antisense ODNs.
Monocytes link atherosclerosis and cancer
Authors: Pittet Mikael J. , Swirski Filip K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFrom many perspectives, cardiovascular diseases and cancers are fundamentally different. On the one hand, atherosclerosis is a disease of lipid accumulation driven by diet and lifestyle, whereas cancer is an attack “from within” driven by mutations. Nevertheless, studies over the past 20 years have forced us to re‐evaluate such a view. We are learning that, among other factors, the immune system is indispensable for the development and progression of both diseases. Its components are not only reactive but can also orchestrate both tumor and atherosclerotic lesion growth. In this Viewpoint, we explore how monocytes, which are key constituents of the immune system, forge links between cardiovascular diseases and cancers.
Cancer‐promoting tumor‐associated macrophages: New vistas and open questions
Authors: Mantovani Alberto , Germano Giovanni , Marchesi Federica , Locatelli Marco , Biswas Subhra K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the tumor macroenvironment. Cancer‐ and host cell‐derived signals generally drive the functions of TAMs towards an M2‐like polarized, tumor‐propelling mode; however, when appropriately re‐educated. TAMs also have the potential to elicit tumor destructive reactions. Here, we discuss recent advances regarding the immunobiology of TAMs and highlight open questions including the mechanisms of their accumulation (recruitment versus proliferation), their diversity and how to best therapeutically target these cells.
CE analysis and molecular characterisation of depurinated DNA samples
Authors: Fattorini Paolo , Marrubini Giorgio , Sorçaburu‐Cigliero Solange , Pitacco Paola , Grignani Pierangela , Previderè Carlo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA DNA sample was partially degraded by scalar heat‐acid treatments to study the extent of apurinic–apyrimidinic (A‐P) lesions produced along the molecule. A CE‐UV method allowed us to measure the rate of depurination at pH 5.0 and 70°C which was calculated to be 5.41×10−6 s−1 for adenine and 6.27×10−6 s−1 for guanine. CE identified depurination on treated samples when it occurred with a loss of >4% of the basic moieties. The molecular features of the A‐P enriched samples were investigated by using molecular assays (agarose gel electrophoresis, UV spectrophotometry and quantitative PCR) and the consistency of the results of the STR typing were compared with the degree of depurination of the PCR template. The treated DNA samples showed molecular features such as fragmentation, altered OD260/OD280 ratios and decreased ability of the quantitative PCR to synthesise the human target, related to the severity of depurination. A satisfactory correlation between the degree of damage and the amount of residual PCR‐sensitive target sequences was also demonstrated (r2=0.9717). The conventional and mini‐STR typing of the samples showed that the genetic outcome was influenced by a depurination damage that exceeded 4% when locus drop‐outs and artefactual PCR results were evident. As the success of STR typing depends on the integrity of the DNA recovered from the samples, the CE‐UV, physical and molecular assays described here are proposed as a set of useful methods in the analysis of certain forensic and clinical samples, for a critical evaluation of the outcome of the genetic testing.
Blinded study determination of high sensitivity and specificity microchip electrophoresis‐SSCP/HA to detect mutations in the p53 gene
Authors: Hestekin Christa N. , Lin Jennifer S. , Senderowicz Lionel , Jakupciak John P. , O'Connell Catherine , Rademaker Alfred , Barron Annelise E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractKnowledge of the genetic changes that lead to disease has grown and continues to grow at a rapid pace. However, there is a need for clinical devices that can be used routinely to translate this knowledge into the treatment of patients. Use in a clinical setting requires high sensitivity and specificity (>97%) in order to prevent misdiagnoses. Single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex analysis (HA) are two DNA‐based, complementary methods for mutation detection that are inexpensive and relatively easy to implement. However, both methods are most commonly detected by slab gel electrophoresis, which can be labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and often the methods are unable to produce high sensitivity and specificity without the use of multiple analysis conditions. Here, we demonstrate the first blinded study using microchip electrophoresis (ME)‐SSCP/HA. We demonstrate the ability of ME‐SSCP/HA to detect with 98% sensitivity and specificity >100 samples from the p53 gene exons 5–9 in a blinded study in an analysis time of <10 min.
Microscale biopitting by the endolithic lichen Verrucaria baldensis and its proposed role in mesoscale solution basin development on limestone
Authors: McIlroy de la Rosa John P. , Warke Patricia A. , Smith Bernard J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTData are reported demonstrating the potential role of microscale morphologies, induced by endolithic lichen communities, specifically Verrucaria baldensis, in the initiation and development of mesoscale solution basin formation on limestone in the Burren, County Clare. A biophysical model is proposed outlining the different microscale stages leading to solution basin initiation with a progression from initial lichen colonization and growth, associated perithecial biopitting followed by biopit coalescence to form biotroughs, their subsequent enlargement and eventual incipient solution basin formation. This model provides one explanation for solution basin development as this end state may also be achieved through simple solutional means without biological input. The complexity of interactions at the lichen–rock interface are identified with emphasis on the spatial and temporal variability of these underlining the point that, as with macrotopographies at the landscape scale, rock surface microtopographies also reflect historical weathering legacies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The uplink coverage‐capacity trade‐off in CDMA‐based multihop cellular networks
Authors: Dawy Zaher 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe propose a novel design for incorporating multihop transmission in code division multiple access‐based cellular systems to notably reduce the intercell interference in the network. Different design issues are considered such as the allowed number of hops, type of relay stations, relay selection, accessing scheme and duplexing mode. Numerical derivations demonstrate that the intercell interference can be significantly reduced. Moreover, a link budget analysis is performed to obtain coverage‐capacity trade‐off results. It is shown that with single user detection receivers at base stations, gains up to 100% in area coverage are achieved with moderate to low user loads. Furthermore, by deploying advanced interference cancellation receivers at base stations to combat intracell interference, the proposed multihop‐based design achieves very high gains in pole capacity and area coverage per cell. Additionally, practical implementation issues are addressed, and results are compared between omni‐directional and three‐sector network structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative wireless personal area network systems with partial best relay selection
Authors: Tsiftsis Theodoros A. , Kim Kyeong Jin , Kwak Kyung Sup 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn this letter, cyclically prefixed cooperative wireless personal area network systems with partial best relay selection are studied. From the partial relay selection method, an upper bound on the achievable average rate is obtained. Moreover, an asymptotic outage diversity gain is also analysed at a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. Monte Carlo simulations verify the obtained achievable average rate and outage diversity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stabilized finite element method for transient Navier–Stokes equations based on two local Gauss integrations
Authors: Jiang Yu , Mei Liquan , Wei Huiming 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYOn the basis of two local Gauss integrations, a stabilized finite element method for transient Navier–Stokes equations is presented, which is defined by the lowest equal‐order conforming finite element subspace such as (or ) elements. The best algorithmic feature of our method is using two local Gauss integrations to replace projection operator. The diffusion term in these equations is discretized by using finite element method, and the temporal differentiation and advection terms are treated by characteristic schemes. Moreover, we present some numerical simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness, good stability, and accuracy properties of our method. Especially, the rate of convergence study tells us that the stability still keeps well when the Reynolds number is increasing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alte Seuchen in neuem Licht
Authors: Bramanti Barbara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPest und Cholera: Die Infektions‐Pandemien früherer Jahrhunderte haben tiefe Spuren in der Evolutionsgeschichte hinterlassen. Aus den Skeletten der Opfer gewinnen Forscher heute altes DNA‐Material, dessen Analyse Aufschluss gibt über Krankheitsvirulenz und ‐resistenz.