bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct stenting compared to balloon predilation in drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Abbott J. Dawn , Earl Thomas , Vlachos Helen E. , Selzer Faith , Vaidya Kedarnath A. , Romero Alicia , Kip Kevin E. , Williams David O. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives: We sought to examine the determinants and outcomes of direct stenting (DS) compared to predilation with drug‐eluting stents (DES). Background: Limited data suggest that DS with DES is feasible and may reduce restenosis compared to predilation. Whether DS improves clinical outcomes in unselected patients treated with DES is unknown. Methods: DEScover is a prospective, multicenter, observational study of percutaneous coronary intervention that enrolled patients in 2005. The analysis cohort included 4,210 patients who received a DES and had a single lesion treated with DS (n = 1,651) or predilation (n = 2,559) at the discretion of the operator. Multivariable analysis was performed for 1‐year outcomes. Results: DS was performed in 39.2% of patients. The direct stent patients were younger, less often male, and had a lesser extent of CAD. DS was performed less often in patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) and more often in stable angina and elective procedures. Lesion characteristics differed with DS performed less often for calcified lesions, high‐grade stenoses (>90%), and bifurcation lesions. Lesion postdilation was less common in direct stent patients (42.1% vs. 50.7%, P = 0.0001). Complete procedural success was similar (99.8% vs. predilation 99.7%, P = 0.46). At 1 year, there was no difference in the adjusted hazard ratios of death (0.67, 0.44–1.04, P = 0.08), MI (1.05, 0.66–1.67, P = 0.83), stent thrombosis (0.38, 0.13–1.14, P = 0.08), TLR (0.75, 0.48–1.17, P = 0.21), TVR (0.89, 0.64–1.23, P = 0.47), and major adverse coronary event (0.88, 0.71–1.09, P = 0.24). Conclusions: DS with DES is commonly performed in clinical practice and results in similar long‐term outcomes as predilation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Double‐stent method
Authors: Visrodia Kavel , Matthews Ray , Shriki Jabi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCoronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is an uncommon and often incidental finding on coronary angiography but can present with symptoms related to myocardial ischemia. The most common etiology is atherosclerosis, accounting for over 50% of cases, but CAAs can also be congenital or secondary to percutaneous coronary artery revascularization procedures, inflammatory arterial diseases, connective tissue disorders, and perhaps drug‐eluting‐stent (DES) implantation. A current lack of uniform guidelines for their therapeutic management, especially in the setting of DES, leaves their optimum treatment somewhat controversial. Polytetrafluoroethylene‐covered stents have gained popularity in recent years for percutaneous treatment of CAAs; however, their failure to endothelialize is associated with increased risk of thromboocclusive events. We describe two symptomatic patients presenting with large CAAs, one forming after DES implantation, that we treated using the double‐stent method, in which one stent is placed within another. The intent is to reduce stent permeability across the aneurysm and promote blood stasis within it, thereby encouraging aneurysm thrombosis and meanwhile preserving the stents' ability to endothelialize. The immediate angiographic result revealed markedly reduced filling of the aneurysms and aneurysm thrombosis was later confirmed at follow‐up. Both patients have remained asymptomatic during at least 9 months of follow‐up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing the use of the double‐stent method as an alternative to treat CAAs percutaneously.© 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in myocardial ischemic burden following percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions
Authors: Safley David M. , Koshy Sindhu , Grantham J. Aaron , Bybee Kevin A. , House John A. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Rutherford Barry D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives: We assessed the potential for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a chronic total occlusion (CTO) to decrease myocardial ischemia and established objective criteria to predict post‐procedure improvement. Background: Optimal treatment for CTO of coronary arteries is controversial, and selection criteria for PCI of CTO are subjective. Methods: All patients undergoing CTO PCI at a single center between 2002 and 2007 were included if myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) was performed within 12 ± 3 months before and a follow‐up study within 12 ± 3 months after PCI. Average summed difference scores were calculated and converted to percent ischemic myocardium to classify patients as having normal/minimal, mild, moderate, or severe ischemia. A significant improvement in ischemia following PCI was classified as an absolute ≥5% decrease in ischemic myocardium. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify ischemic thresholds predictive of decreased and increased ischemic burden on follow‐up MPI. Results: In 301 patients, average baseline ischemic burden was 13.1% ± 11.9% and decreased to 6.9% ± 6.5% (P < 0.001) during follow‐up. Overall, 53.5% of patients met criteria for improvement following PCI. These patients were more likely to be male, without diabetes, with CTO in the left anterior descending artery, and classified as having high ischemic burden at baseline. ROC analysis identified a baseline 12.5% ischemic burden as optimal in identifying those most likely to have a significantly decreased ischemic burden post‐PCI. Those with a baseline ischemic burden less than 6.25% were more likely to have an increased ischemic burden post‐PCI. Conclusions: Ischemic burden is reduced following CTO PCI, and the decrease is greater at high ischemic burden. A threshold of 12.5% ischemic burden is suggested as a criterion for performing PCI in the setting of CTO. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digitized microscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Marganski William A. , El‐Sirgany Costa Vanessa , Kilpatrick Michael W. , Tafas Triantafyllos , Yim Joon , Matthews Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of urine samples has proven to be a valuable adjunctive test to urine cytology for both diagnosis and monitoring recurrence of urothelial carcinoma. Automated FISH analysis has the potential to improve laboratory efficiency and to reduce interobserver and intraobserver variability, resulting in more accurate, reproducible, assay performance.METHODS:A total of 3200 slides containing urine specimens, hybridized with the UroVysion Bladder Cancer Kit (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, Illinois), a 4‐probe set for chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21, was evaluated at Acupath Laboratories. The slides were analyzed over a 7‐month period, using the Ikoniscope ‐ oncoFISH bladder Test System (Ikonisys, New Haven, Connecticut).RESULTS:Analysis included the incorporation of a “flagging” system developed by Acupath Laboratories to identify cases, based on specific criteria, likely to benefit from further manual review. By using US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐cleared scoring criteria, 96.3% of the slides could be reported directly from the automated scan, requiring no manual review of the slide. For the remaining 3.7% of the samples (all of which were very hypocellular), a manual review of each slide subsequently allowed diagnoses to be successfully reported. The average scan time was 31.7 minutes, and the average slide scan review time was 8.3 minutes.CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrated the value of an automated approach to the analysis of FISH slides, affording the benefit of high‐throughput while providing the user with the necessary images and tools to quickly and accurately report a case. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
High‐Resolution Electronic Spectroscopy of the BODIPY Chromophore in Supersonic Beam and Superfluid Helium Droplets
Authors: Stromeck‐Faderl Anja , Pentlehner Dominik , Kensy Uwe , Dick Bernhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present the fluorescence excitation and dispersed emission spectra of the parent compound of the boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye class measured in a supersonic beam and isolated in superfluid helium nanodroplets. The gas‐phase spectrum of the isolated molecules displays many low‐frequency transitions that are assigned to a symmetry‐breaking mode with a strongly nonharmonic potential, presumably the out‐of‐plane wagging mode of the BF2 group. The data are in good agreement with transition energies and Franck–Condon factors calculated for a double minimum potential in the upper electronic state. The corresponding transitions do not appear in the helium droplet. This is explained with the quasi‐rigid first layer of helium atoms attached to the dopant molecule by van der Waals forces. The spectral characteristics are those of a cyanine dye rather than that of an aromatic chromophore.
Surface Temperature Measurement of Plasma Facing Components in Metallic Environment
Authors: Loarer Th. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the vast majority of tokamaks equipped with carbon walls, IR system is routinely used both for physics analysis of plasma wall interaction and real time control of the Plasma facing components (PFCs). However, future tokamaks will be equipped with metallic walls and due to their low emissivity (ε ∼0.1 to 0.5), the contribution of the reflected flux in the total collected photon flux by the detector (camera) will not be negligible anymore and could be even dominant. Monitoring surface temperature of metallic PFCs, in the visible and/or infrared range, independently of the environment (reflected flux) and of the thermal transient events (ELMs, hot spots, overheated layers...) is essential for safety of the PFCs and a challenge for development of high performance plasma scenario.The active pyrometry method proposed in this paper allows surface temperature measurements independently of reflected and parasitic fluxes. A local increase of the surface temperature (Δ T(t) ∼ 10 K) introduced by a pulsed or modulated source results in an additional component of the photon flux collected by the detector. A “simple” filtering of the signal delivered by the detector allows extracting the temporal flux which depends only on the variation of the emitted flux, the emissivity and Δ T(t). The ratio of simultaneous measurements at two different wavelengths leads to the elimination of Δ T(t), whilst the ratio of the emissivities appears. Assuming that this ratio is known (same hypothesis as for the bicolour pyrometry), the final ratio depends only on the surface temperature independently of the reflected and parasitic fluxes. Also, it is shown that for bicolour method, wavelengths far away one to each other lead to a higher dynamic of the signal ratio as a function of temperature which largely compensates the error resulting from a possible drift of the emissivity ratio. Finally, the extrapolation from a local measurement to 2D mapping is discussed both in terms of spatial resolution and of characteristic time (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sixteen‐Frame Interferometer for a Study of a Pinch Dynamics in PF‐1000 Device
Authors: Zielińska E. , Paduch M. , Scholz M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMultiframe laser interferometer system for studies of rapidly varying processes in dense, high‐temperature plasma in plasma‐focus device is described. The setup of sixteen‐frame interferometer contains the Mach‐Zehnder system and the completely new, innovative beams separator which allows obtaining sixteen interferometric frames in one discharge. Each interferogram is recorded separately with the same linear size and quality. Delay from the first to the last frame is 220 ns. The result obtained using this system is given. It demonstrates its quality and suitability for investigations of dynamics of fast, irreproducible processes in PF‐1000 (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of JET Diagnostics Using Bayesian Graphical Models
Authors: Svensson J. , Ford O. , McDonald D.C. , Meakins A. , Werner A. , Brix M. , Boboc A. , Beurskens M. , JET EFDA Contributors  
Published: March 2011

AbstractModern nuclear fusion experiments utilise a large number of sophisticated plasma diagnostics, which are sensitive to overlapping subsets of the physics parameters of interest. The mapping between the set of all physics pa‐rameters (the plasma ‘state’) and the raw observations of each diagnostic, will depend on the particular physics model used, and will also be inherently probabilistic. Uncertainty enters into the mapping between model parameters and observations through the inability of most models to predict the precise value of an observation, and also through aspects of the diagnostic itself, such as calibrations, instrument functions etc. To optimally utilise observations from multiple diagnostics and properly deal with all aspects of model uncertainties is very difficult with today's data analysis infrastructures. For this work, the Minerva analysis framework [1, 2] has been used, which implements a flexible and general way of modelling and carrying out analysis on this type of interconnected probabilistic systems by modelling of diagnostics, physics models and their dependencies through the use of Bayesian graphical models [3]. To date about 10 diagnostic systems have been modelled in this way at JET, which has already led to a number of new results, including the reconstruction of flux surface topology and q‐profiles without an equilibrium assumption [4], profile inversions including uncertainty in the positions of flux surfaces, first experimental verification of relativistic effects to explain polarimetry measurements [5], and a substantial increase in accuracy of JET electron density and temperature profiles, including improved pedestal resolution, through the joint analysis of three different diagnostic systems [6] (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigating Transport of Dust Particles in Plasmas
Authors: Bardin S. , Briançon J.‐L. , Brochard F. , Martin V. , Zayachuk Y. , Hugon R. , Bougdira J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn algorithm has been developed, which makes it possible to automatically extract individual trajectories of a large number of particles from fast imaging data, allowing a statistical analysis of particle trajectories under various plasma conditions, a better understanding of their influence on plasma properties, and a better characterization of the plasma itself. In this contribution, we focus on results obtained in a radio‐frequency parallel plate reactor, where a large amount of micron‐sized carbon dust is produced in situ. The use of the rescaled range analysis (R/S analysis) applied to dust particle displacements allows decomposing dust dynamic on different time scales. It is shown that dust displacement is dominated by collisions on short time scales whereas long term behaviour is strongly influenced by large scale fluctuations (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
LTE Experimental Validation in a Gas Metal Arc Welding Plasma Column
Authors: Valensi F. , Pellerin S. , Boutaghane A. , Dzierzega K. , Pellerin N. , Briand F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDuring gas metal arc welding (GMAW), the plasma obtained has a rich composition and some hypothesis are often made for modelling, in particular the local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) state of the plasma. It is then important to study its validity domain, as it is also needed for plasma parameters determination.The plasma was investigated using optical emission spectroscopy. The electron temperature and density were determined from Stark width measurements, independently of the plasma equilibrium state, and compared to the excitation temperature obtained using the Boltzmann plot (BP) method. The welding experiments were made at arc current of 330 A, with pure argon as shielding gases. The LTE is verified in the core region of the plasma, for about one half of the column radius in the arc lower part (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electric Probes in Tokamaks: Experience in Tore Supra
Authors: Gunn J. P. , Pascal J.‐Y. , Saint‐Laurent F. , Gil C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEfforts to provide regular, automatic, and reliable reciprocating probe measurements in the scrape‐off layer of the Tore Supra tokamak are described. Real time feedback on fast magnetic reconstruction is used to control the probe position relative to the last closed flux surface, while analysis of the current‐voltage characteristics is used to adapt the voltage waveform applied to the probe, improving the dynamic range of the measurement. A large probe head is employed to ensure operation in the strongly magnetized plasma regime. Concave collectors embedded in the probe head, so‐called “tunnel probes”, are shown to be immune to sheath expansion effects, providing absolutely calibrated measurements of parallel ion current density (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microparticles as Plasma Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Maurer H.R. , Schneider V. , Wolter M. , Basner R. , Trottenberg T. , Kersten H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn interesting aspect in the research of complex (dusty) plasmas is the experimental study of the interaction of microparticles with the surrounding plasma for diagnostic purposes. Local electric fields can be determined from the behavior of particles in the plasma, i.e. particles may serve as electrostatic probes. From particle trajectories, also the determination of momentum flux in beams is possible, and the particles serve as force probes. Recently, temperature sensitive features of particular phosphors were utilized for measuring the surface temperature of microparticles confined in the sheath of a rf plasma. The experiments were performed under variation of gas pressure and rf power of the process plasma and offer a promising approach for the improvement of process plasmas and the understanding of plasma‐particle interaction (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrogeochemical characterization of small coastal wetlands and forests in the Southern Po plain (Northern Italy)
Authors: Marconi V. , Antonellini M. , Balugani E. , Dinelli E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study is aimed to characterize the shallow groundwater system in the coastal area between the Uniti and Bevano rivers (southern part of the Po plain), where salinization is threatening the coastal ecosystems and posing a major environmental issue for the phreatic water management in the coast. A thin rainwater lens is present at the top of the aquifer in the backshore area and its extent has a seasonal variability. These few centimetres of freshwater represent a thin interface between sea water and the delicate coastal ecosystems, such as those of dunes and wetlands. To have a better understanding of the changes in groundwater chemistry, we performed a seasonal monitoring of the water quality at the top of the aquifer. Effective concentrations of chemicals and actual values of physical‐chemical parameters in the rainwater lens could be measured by means of auger holes. The analysis of the cation‐exchange process in the aquifer was made through the application of the Base Exchange index (BEX index) of Stuyfzand (2008), an indicator of salinization or freshening of waters. The results pointed out that a salinization process is taking place in the largest part of the aquifer. Extension and chemical composition of the rainwater lens are strongly influenced by anthropogenic factors such as drainage and land use. The surface water bodies are all brackish to salty and characterized by anoxic and reducing conditions. At present, only halophytes are present around the dune slacks, which have turned into brackish to hypersaline lakes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patch vegetation and water redistribution above and below ground in south‐east Spain
Authors: Archer N. A. L. , Quinton J. N. , Hess T. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo sites, one dominated by Anthyllis cytisoides and the other by Retama sphaerocarpa in south‐east Spain were instrumented to measure soil matric potential to a soil depth of 1 m and soil water content to 2·75 m depth within shrubs and grass areas. Soil cores and underground surveys were taken to estimate root length and soil texture, ground cover volume was measured and runoff traps were installed to estimate overland flow in grass and shrub areas. The outcome of the results was summarised as a conceptual model to describe the flow of water within patch vegetation, where the main dominating factor of patch vegetation was found to be the function of shrub canopy/root systems. The results illustrated that not only the dynamics of runoff/runon between grass and shrub areas were significant in redistributing rainfall, but also the morphology of shrub species caused significant differences to the accumulation and movement of water in shrub zones. A comparison of growth and flowering times of grass and shrub species showed that soil water availability for each species differs throughout the year. Such an understanding of water movement within patch vegetation of different species shows that sustainable management practices of semi‐arid areas must take into account not only natural vegetation patterns, but also the function of each plant type. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Splenic CD8α+ dendritic cells undergo rapid programming by cytosolic bacteria and inflammation to induce protective CD8+ T‐cell memory
Authors: Campisi Laura , Soudja Saidi M'Homa , Cazareth Julie , Bassand Delphine , Lazzari Anne , Brau Frédéric , Narni‐Mancinelli Emilie , Glaichenhaus Nicolas , Geissmann Frédéric , Lauvau Grégoire 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMemory CD8+ T lymphocytes are critical effector cells of the adaptive immune system mediating long‐lived pathogen‐specific protective immunity. Three signals – antigen, costimulation and inflammation – orchestrate optimal CD8+ T‐cell priming and differentiation into effector and memory cells and shape T‐cell functional fate and ability to protect against challenge infections. While among the conventional spleen DCs (cDCs), the CD8α+ but not the CD8α− cDCs most efficiently mediate CD8+ T‐cell priming, it is unclear which subset, irrespective of their capacity to process MHC class I‐associated antigens, is most efficient at inducing naïve CD8+ T‐cell differentiation into pathogen‐specific protective memory cells in vivo. Moreover, the origin of the required signals is still unclear. Using mice infected with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, we show that splenic CD8α+ cDCs become endowed with all functional features to optimally prime protective memory CD8+ T cells in vivo within only a few hours post‐immunization. Such programming requires both cytosolic signals resulting from bacterial invasion of the host cells and extracellular inflammatory mediators. Thus, these data designate these cells as the best candidates to facilitate the development of cell‐based vaccine therapy.