bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral counting robust on high mass accuracy mass spectrometers
Authors: Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Wienkoop Stefanie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMass spectrometry is central to shotgun proteomics, an application that seeks to quantify as much of the total protein complement of a biological sample as possible. The high mass accuracy, resolution, capacity and scan rate of modern mass spectrometers have greatly facilitated this endeavor. The sum of MS to MS/MS transitions in tandem mass spectrometry, the spectral count (SC), of a peptide has been shown to be a reliable estimate of its relative abundance. However, when using SCs, optimal MS configurations are crucial in order to maximize the number of low abundant proteins quantified while keeping the estimates for the highly abundant proteins within the linear dynamic range.In this study, LC/MS/MS analysis was performed using an LTQ‐OrbiTrap on a sample containing many highly abundant proteins. Tuning the LTQ‐OrbiTrap mass spectrometer to minimize redundant MS/MS acquisition and to maximize resolution of the proteome by accurately measured m/z ratios resulted in an appreciable increase in quantified low abundant proteins. An exclusion duration of 90 s and an exclusion width of 10 ppm were found best of those tested. The spectral count of individual proteins was found to be highly reproducible and protein abundance ratios were not affected by the different settings that were applied. We conclude that on a high mass accuracy instrument spectral counting is a robust measure of protein abundance even for samples containing many highly abundant proteins and that tuning dynamic exclusion parameters appreciably improves the number of proteins that can be reliably quantified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the morphology, crystalline structure, and thermal properties of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. starch acetates with different degrees of substitution
Authors: Xia Li , Wenyuan Gao , Qianqian Jiang , Luqi Huang , Changxiao Liu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. starch acetates with different degrees of substitution (DSs) were prepared by reacting native starch with glacial acetic acid/acetic anhydride using sulfuric acid as catalyst. XRD of acetylated starch revealed that there was loss of crystallinity with increasing DS. The carbonyl group signal at 1750 cm−1 appeared in the FTIR spectra. The intensity of this peak increased whereas the intensity of the hydroxyl groups at 3000–3600 cm−1 decreased. The thermal behavior of the samples was investigated and the results showed that the acetylation decreased the gelatinization temperatures and ΔHgel, and thermal stability of high DS acetylated starch (DS = 2.82) was much better than that of the original starch and partially substitute starch acetate (DS = 1.52). The SEM suggested that most of the starch granules were disintegrated into many visible fragments along with the increasing of DS. The starch acetate with different DS prepared in this paper has many potential uses in food and pharmaceutical applications for its lower gelatinization temperature and thermal stability properties.
Isolation and characterization of Mexican chayote tuber (Sechium edule Sw.) starch
Authors: Hernandez‐Uribe Juan P. , Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Gonzalez‐Soto Rosalia A. , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. , Vargas‐Torres Apolonio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStarch was isolated from Mexican chayote tubers (Sechium edule Sw.) and the yield, physicochemical, rheological, and molecular characteristics were investigated. Commercial potato was used for comparison. Starch yield was 49% with a purity of 89.1%. AM content of chayote tuber starch was 26.3%. Birefringence was shown in chayote tuber starch and granules had diverse shapes such as spherical, oval, and polygonal, with size between 10 and 25 µm. B‐type XRD pattern was shown by chayote tuber starch. Chayote tuber starch had higher peak viscosity (PV) than potato starch and the maximum PV for chayote tuber starch was obtained at lower temperature. Flow properties of chayote tuber starch showed higher hysteresis than potato at the same concentration. In chayote tuber and potato starches, G′ > G″ at both temperatures. Chayote tuber starch presented slightly lower gelatinization temperatures, but slightly higher enthalpy of gelatinization than potato starch, and similar retrogradation rate (due to the enthalpy value of the phase transition) were found in both tuber starches. Chayote tuber starch presented higher Mw and Rz values than potato starch. Chayote tuber could be an alternative for starch isolation with specific physicochemical and molecular characteristics.
Stable sound source tracking based on two updating algorithms
Authors: Owada Noboru , Tsuji Daisuke , Suyama Kenji 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present a stable sound source tracking method based on two updating algorithm. In the method, an eigenvector spanning the signal subspace is updated by using the Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking (PAST) algorithm without the eigen‐decomposition of a correlation matrix. Then, a constrained minimization problem is formulated taking into account the stability, and the solution is determined successively by applying the Interior Point Least Square (IPLS) algorithm. As a result, stable tracking can be achieved without the peak search of a MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) spectrum, which often requires enormous computational costs because many complex multiplying operations are involved. Several experimental results in real room environments have demonstrated the high accuracy and the low computational costs of the proposed method. © Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Image processing by interpolation using polyharmonic function and increase in processing speed
Authors: Kobayashi Tadashi , Kawashima Narihei , Ochiai Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDigital images are usually represented in the form of a matrix that indicates the data of intensity of each pixel. When the data of intensity of each pixel are considered as the data of the height in the coordinates of the pixel and the pixels are smoothly connected, the digital image can be reconstructed as a curved surface. Interpolation using a polyharmonic function can interpolate a curved surface smoothly using the boundary geometry of the region and arbitrary internal points in the region. In this study, we applied the interpolation method to image processing, and propose a method which can restore and enlarge images smoothly. The method proposed here can realize the simultaneous restoration and smooth enlargement of images, which has been difficult to achieve by conventional methods. This method is applied to the enlargement of images while restoring damaged areas or to the enlargement of an image of the face of persons who is wearing glasses while removing the glasses frame from the image, and its effectiveness is demonstrated. In addition, a method of increasing processing speed by division processing is also examined, and its validity is confirmed. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A spoken dialog system for spontaneous conversations considering response timing and response type
Authors: Nishimura Ryota , Nakagawa Seiichi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIf a spoken dialog system can respond to a user as naturally as a human, the interaction will appear smoother. In this research, we aim to develop a spoken dialog system that emulates human behavior in a dialog. The proposed system makes use of a decision tree to generate responses at the appropriate times. These responses include ‘aizuchi’ (back‐channel), ‘repetition’, ‘collaborative completion’, etc. At each time interval, the decision tree generates the response timing features referring to the pitch and energy contours, recognition hypotheses, and the preparation status of the response generator. A subjective evaluation shows that there is a high degree of naturalness in the timing of ordinary responses andaizuchi, and that the spoken dialog system exhibits user‐friendly behavior. The recorded voice system was preferred to a text‐to‐speech system (synthesized speech), and almost all subjects felt familiarity with theaizuchi. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An efficient preprocessing method for suboptimal route computation
Authors: Wen Feng , Mabu Shingo , Hirasawa Kotaro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, an effective genetic‐based clustering algorithm (GCA) is proposed to preprocess the road network into a multilevel network that can reduce the route computation time substantially. Based on the multilevel network, route computation algorithms can provide suboptimal routes with little loss of accuracy (LOA). The geographic information of the road network is considered when constructing the multilevel network. In the proposed GCA, three criteria are considered to evaluate the clustering results. Route calculation results based on the multilevel network constructed by the proposed GCA are compared with the recent research to analyze and quantify the LOA. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multicar elevator group supervisory control system using genetic network programming
Authors: Yu Lu , Mabu Shingo , Hirasawa Kotaro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractElevator group control systems are the transportation systems for handling passengers in the buildings. With the increasing demand for high‐rise buildings, it becomes important to improve the elevator service. The multicar elevators consist of plural cars in a single elevator shaft. It contributes to the improvement in passengers' handling capacity, while allowing the reduction of the space occupied in the building. In contrast with traditional elevator systems, the cars can no longer operate freely, where there are several restrictions on their available movements. This requires a more difficult control including stochastic scheduling with high combinatorial complexity in order to make the system more flexible. At present, lots of buildings with more than 40 floors are being built, which are usually divided into several zones served by local elevator groups. In addition, the cars should be operated at equal time intervals, especially in such a building with multicar elevator systems (MCES) in order to obtain its good performance. Genetic network programming (GNP), one of the evolutionary computations, can realize a rule‐based MCES due to its directed graph structure of the individual, which makes the system more flexible. This paper discusses MCES using GNP in high‐rise buildings. Also, the positions of elevators are considered to avoid the bunching phenomenon. The performance of MCES is studied and compared with single‐deck elevator system (SDES) and double‐deck elevator system (DDES). © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hybrid path allocation scheme for multilayer networks
Authors: Murayama Junichi , Honda Osamu , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Imase Makoto 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe propose a hybrid path allocation scheme for multilayer networks to satisfy different levels of latency, throughput, and cost requirements. No single conventional routing algorithm is able by itself to meet all these requirements. In order to solve this problem, we hybridize multiple routing algorithms using service classification and prioritized path assignment techniques. In this scheme, path setup requests are classified into multiple service classes according to their policy requirements. Then they are served by selection of path routing algorithms according to their classes. They are also assigned appropriate path priority levels. Here, high‐priority paths are allocated so as to replace existing low‐priority paths that block their setup. Our simulation results have shown that a combination of the minimum‐hop routing algorithm (MHA) for the highest priority, the widest shortest‐path routing algorithm (WSPA) for the middle priority, and the minimum‐interference routing algorithm (MIRA) for the lowest priority are effective in offering low‐latency, high‐throughput, and low‐cost services, simultaneously. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Toxicity of silver and copper to Cucurbita pepo: Differential effects of nano and bulk‐size particles
Authors: Musante Craig , White Jason C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe phytotoxicity of bulk and nanoparticle Cu and Ag was directly compared. NP Ag reduced biomass and transpiration by 66–84% when compared with bulk Ag. The Ag ion concentration was 4.4–10‐times greater in NP than bulk particle solutions. The Cu ion concentration was 1.4–4.4‐times greater in bulk than NP amended solutions. Humic acid (50 mg/L) decreased the ion content of bulk Cu solution by 38–42% but increased ion Cu content of NP solutions by 1.4–2.9 times. Bulk and NP Cu were highly phytotoxic; growth and transpiration were reduced by 60–70% relative to untreated controls. NP Cu phytotoxicity was unaffected by solution type, but humic acid (50 mg/L) completely alleviated phytotoxicity caused by bulk Cu. The data demonstrate differential toxicity of Ag NP relative to bulk Ag. The finding that humic acid and solution chemistry differentially impact bulk and NP behavior highlights the importance of evaluating nanoparticles under environmentally relevant conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided ablation therapy
Authors: Trevino Jessica M. , Varadarajulu Shyam 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) imaging has undergone extensive technological advancement since its development in the 1980s, including improvement of echoendoscopes with larger channels and accessories. These advancements enable not only tissue procurement for diagnosis but also therapeutic interventions that hitherto would have required surgery, with its attendant risks. A wide array of interventional procedures are performed under EUS guidance, including celiac plexus neurolysis, drainage of pancreatic and pelvic fluid collections, drainage of obstructive pancreatic‐biliary ducts, ablation of cyst neoplasms in the pancreas, and implantation of fiducial markers and radioactive seeds into gastrointestinal tumors. Various experimental procedures are also underway to evaluate the role of EUS in radiofrequency ablation, vascular therapy, and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. In this review, we examine the various EUS‐guided ablation therapies currently undertaken in humans.
Spiral enteroscopy for therapeutic ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy: actual technique and review of the literature
Authors: Kogure Hirofumi , Watabe Hirotsugu , Yamada Atsuo , Isayama Hiroyuki , Yamaji Yutaka , Itoi Takao , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and associated procedures are difficult to perform in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Recently, balloon enteroscopy (BE) has made it easier to perform ERCP in these patients. However, BE‐assisted ERCP is often technically demanding and time consuming.MethodsSpiral enteroscopy (SE), which has recently been developed, is a novel method of using a rotating overtube to pleat small bowel onto the enteroscope, thus advancing it through the lumen. We review the mechanism and efficacy of SE, especially in ERCP of patients with surgically altered anatomy, and report on the first patient to undergo ERCP using SE in Japan.ResultsSpiral enteroscopy‐assisted ERCP seems to be feasible and safe in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Additionally, SE‐assisted ERCP appears to be easier to perform than other methods previously described and allows stable positioning of the enteroscope in order to perform delicate therapeutic maneuvers.ConclusionsSE for ERCP is expected to be at least as useful as balloon enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
Optimizing Reaction Conditions for the Isomerization of Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters to Their Branch Chain Products
Authors: Reaume Stephen J. , Ellis Naoko 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn order to improve the oxidative stability and cold flow properties of oleic acid or methyl oleate, branch chain isomerization was conducted using a beta zeolite catalyst. Reaction conditions of temperature (200–300 °C), pressure (0.1–3.0 MPa), and co‐catalyst (0–2 wt%) were optimized based on branch chain conversion and the cloud point of the ester following the isomerization reaction of oleic acid or methyl oleate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatograph equipped with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses were used to analyze and quantify the isomerization product samples, while the cloud point of each sample was tested. The lowest and therefore, best cloud point measured was −15.2 °C at conditions of 200 °C, 3 MPa, and 2% co‐catalyst using methyl oleate as a starting material. The highest branch chain conversion achieved was 50% under conditions of 300 °C, 1.5 MPa and 0% co‐catalyst using oleic acid as a starting material. The use of oleic acid and methyl oleate is based on whether it is optimal to carry out the skeletal isomerization before or after the esterification reaction. Performing the isomerization reaction on the ester was preferred over the fatty acid based on the trans isomerization and cloud point results. Reducing the unbranched trans isomers was desirable in obtaining a low cloud point.
Investigation of Chocolate Surfaces Using Profilometry and Low Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Dahlenborg Hanna , Millqvist‐Fureby Anna , Bergenståhl Björn , Kalnin Daniel J. E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study we establish the use of optical non‐contact profilometry combined with low vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV SEM) for the investigation of lipid surfaces. We illustrate, by using profilometry, a methodology for investigation of chocolate surface topology as a function of time, in the same area of interest. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis has been performed for profilometry data. Further, relating these results to LV SEM images provides complementary topological information and hence a useful toolkit for the study of the chocolate surface prior and post fat bloom formation. For the demonstration of the successful combination of these two analytical techniques, white chocolate pralines were stored at two temperature‐controlled conditions (at 18 °C, and cycled between 15 and 25 °C). Surface properties were then investigated during 36 weeks of storage. The surface images and the roughness parameters indicated distinct development of surface characteristics for the two storage conditions. From the results it is suggested that some imperfections, in the form of pores or protrusions, could play a role in fat bloom development and that there may be different main mechanisms of fat migration taking place for the different storage environments. In the present work, a positive correlation of profilometry data to chocolate surface characteristics and early bloom development has been established. There are indications that early prediction of fat bloom can be possible, however further work needs to be done to quantify prediction of fat bloom.
Identification and Validation of Soy Peptides with In‐vitro Hemagglutination Activity
Authors: Ma Yating , Wang Tong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that different enzyme hydrolysates of soybean agglutinin (SBA), β‐conglycinin and glycinin‐rich fractions had in‐vitro hemagglutination activities. In the present study, the three proteins were subjected to trypsin hydrolysis, and N‐acetyl‐d‐galactosamine (GalNAc)‐agarose beads were used to isolate the active peptides. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight (MALDI−TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) was used to determine the mass of the peptides and the molecular weights were compared to the peptide profiles given by theoretical cleavage of the proteins, so that the peptide sequence could be identified. Two peptides from SBA, 24 peptides from β‐conglycinin and 16 peptides from glycinin were identified from the active peptide extracts. The two SBA peptides, three peptides from β‐conglycinin having strong MS signal intensity and three peptides from glycinin with strong MS intensity were synthesized and their activities were assessed by using the in‐vitro hemagglutination assay. These peptides were proven to have hemagglutination activity, whereas a synthesized control peptide from SBA did not. These results validated our previous observation of various soy protein fractions having hemagglutination activities.
Punjabi Refugees’ Rehabilitation and the Indian State: Discourses, Denials and Dissonances
Authors: TALBOT IAN 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStudies of Punjabi partition-related refugee resettlement have revealed a gap between official accounts and those provided by migrants. The former seek to legitimize the state by narrating its role in the transformation of helpless refugees into productive citizens. First hand accounts on the other hand frequently write the state out of the rehabilitation process. This paper seeks firstly to illustrate these processes at work by contrasting the narrative account contained in the Government of India publication, The Story of Rehabilitation, with interview material collected amongst former refugees. It then goes on to reveal the presence of state agency in cases of rehabilitation, despite refugee denial. Finally, it explores the refugee-state tensions arising from migrants’ experience of local level bureaucratic and police services’ corruption, which goes some way towards explaining the narrative dissonances.
Denuclearisation practices of Kazakhstan: performing sovereign identity, preserving national security
Authors: ABZHAPAROVA AIDA 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article, I investigate the processes of the discursive construction of the identity of Kazakhstan as a sovereign and non-nuclear state, and show how the construction and performance of these identities are both productive and the product of Nuclear Weapons Technology (NWT) as a threat to the national security of Kazakhstan. I argue that both practices – the production of the state identity and the abolition of the ex-Soviet nuclear arsenal from the territory of Kazakhstan – are instrumental ways to secure the values of Kazakhstan, in this case the existence of Kazakhstan as a sovereign state.
Reconceiving the balance of power: a review essay
Authors: ZHANG FENG 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRichard Little's new book has considerably widened the scope for thinking about the balance of power in International Relations (IR), both by beginning to provide a conceptual history of the idea and by expanding existing balance-of-power models. His concept of the associational balance of power is an important corrective to the prevailing realist understanding of the balance of power. However, Little does not explore more fully the relationship between the balance of power as a myth and a reality. Moreover, the usefulness of distinction between adversarial and association balance of power is not given a direct evaluation against the historical record, nor is his own composite model of the balance of power partly based on the distinction fully developed.