bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Momentary Assessment of Weather Changes as a Trigger of Headaches in Children
Authors: Connelly Mark , Miller Todd , Gerry Gerry , Bickel Jennifer 
Published: December 2009

(Headache 2010;50:779‐789)Background.— Variables that are thought to precipitate migraine or tension‐type headache episodes in children hitherto have only been studied using retrospective reports. As such, there is little empirical evidence to support the actual predictive association between presumed headache triggers and actual headache occurrence in children.Objective.— The present study sought to determine if fluctuations in weather, a commonly reported headache trigger in children, predict increased likelihood of headache occurrence when evaluated using rigorous prospective methodology (“electronic momentary assessment”).Methods.— Twenty‐five children (21 girls, 4 boys) between the ages of 8‐17 years attending a new patient neurology clinic appointment and having a diagnosis of chronic migraine, chronic tension‐type, or episodic migraine headache (with or without aura) participated in the study. Children completed baseline measures on headache characteristics, presumed headache triggers, and mood and subsequently were trained in the use of electronic diaries to record information on headaches. Children then completed thrice daily diaries on handheld computers for a 2‐week time period (42 assessments per child) while data on weather variables (temperature, dew point temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, precipitation, and sunlight) in the child's geographic location were recorded each time a diary was completed. Data were analyzed using multilevel models.Results.— Of the weather variables, relative humidity and presence of precipitation were significantly predictive of new headache onset, with nearly a 3‐fold increase in probability of headache occurrence during times of precipitation or elevated humidity in the child's area, b = 0.38, t(821) = 2.10, P = .04, and b = 0.02, t(821) = 2.81, P = .01, respectively. These associations remained after accounting for fluctuations in mood, and associations were not significantly stronger in children who at baseline thought that weather was a headache trigger for them. Changes in temperature, dew point temperature, barometric pressure, and sunlight were not significantly predictive of new headache episode occurrence in this sample.Conclusions.— Results of the present study lend some support to the belief commonly held by children with recurrent headaches that weather changes may contribute to headache onset. Although electronic momentary assessment methodology was found to be feasible in this population and to have the potential to identify specific headache triggers for children, it remains to be determined how best (or even whether) to incorporate this information into treatment recommendations.
A Shortened Version of the Headache‐Specific Locus of Control Scale in Spanish Population
Authors: Cano‐García Francisco J. , Rodríguez‐Franco Luis , López‐Jiménez Ana M. 
Published: December 2009

(Headache2010;50:1335‐1345)Background and Objective.—Further questions need to be addressed in the evaluation of locus of control (LOC) in headaches, such as reducing scale length and adapting them to diverse cultural environments, as in the case of Spain.Methods.—We perform a confirmatory factor analysis of the most outstanding items contained in the Headache‐Specific Locus of Control Scale in the responses of 118 patients suffering from headaches who received assistance at public health care centers in the province of Seville (Spain).Results.—The adjustment was positive, thus confirming the original structure of 3 factors: internal locus of control (LOC‐I), health care professionals' LOC, and chance locus of control (LOC‐C). Scale validation was performed by examining associations both with headache clinical parameters and psychological measures. The latter included self‐efficacy, internal language, coping strategies, and pain behaviors. LOC‐C results deserve special mention, supporting the idea that it seems more important to avoid that patients develop LOC‐C rather than boosting LOC‐I and LOC‐P expectations.Conclusions.—The so‐called Headache‐Specific Locus of Control Scale‐Short Form 9 has turned out to be a parsimonious (9 items), valid, and reliable measure of headache LOC.
Reducing Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling
Authors: Johansson Jan G. , Björklund Anna E. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryCollection and treatment of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is regulated in the European Union by the WEEE Directive. Producers are responsible for take‐back and recycling of discarded equipment. Valuable materials are, however, at risk of “getting lost” in current processes. Thus, strategies to minimize losses are sought after.The material hygiene (MH) concept was introduced to address this issue. Structural features, which are important for the outcome of reuse, recovery, and recycling, were investigated in an earlier field study of discarded dishwashers. It was proposed that a prestep, manual removal of copper prior to shredding could increase the purity of recovered material fractions.This article builds on the field study and theoretical reasoning underlying the MH concept. Dishwashers are assumed to be designed for disassembly when the prestep is introduced. A limited life cycle assessment was performed to determine whether the proposed prestep may be environmentally beneficial in a life cycle perspective. Two alternatives were analyzed: Case 1: the current shredding process. Case 2: prestep removal of copper before shredding.Targeted disassembly prior to shredding may reduce the abiotic depletion and global warming potential in a life cycle perspective. The prestep results in increased copper recovery, but, more important, copper contamination of the recovered steel fractions is reduced. The results also highlight the importance of minimizing energy consumption in all process stages.
Safety and Convenience of Continuous Warfarin Strategy During the Periprocedural Period in Patients Who Underwent Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: KWAK JAE‐JIN , PAK HUI‐NAM , JANG JIN‐KUN , KIM SOOK KYOUNG , PARK JAE HYUNG , CHOI JONG‐IL , HWANG CHUN , KIM YOUNG‐HOON 
Published: December 2009

Continuous Warfarin Before AF Ablation. Background: We investigated the efficiency and convenience of a continuous warfarinization (CW) strategy during the periprocedural period of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) in comparison with the classic strategy of switching to heparin (SH).
Methods and Results:
We compared CW (n = 49) and SH (n = 55, 3 days before RFCA) in 104 patients who underwent RFCA of AF (77 males, 55 ± 12 years old, paroxysmal AF: persistent AF = 63:41). During the procedure, the activated clotting time (ACT) was maintained between 350 and 400 seconds, and a requirement of H, postablation INR, and periprocedural complications were compared. Results were as follows: (1) in the CW group, the preprocedural INR (1.85 ± 0.61 vs 1.05 ± 0.12, P < 0.001) and the proportions of INR > 2.0 after RFCA (1st postprocedure day 61.2% vs 5.5%, P < 0.001; 2nd postprocedure day 83.3% vs 21.8%, P < 0.005) were higher, and the heparin requirement was lower (2012 ± 998 U/30 minutes vs 2921 ± 795 U/30 minutes, P < 0.001) than in the SH group. (2) The incidences of hemorrhagic complications (18.2% vs 18.4%, P = NS) or the major bleeding rates (reduced hemoglobin ≥ 4 g/dL, requiring blood transfusion; 3.6% vs 12.2%, P = NS) were not significantly different in the CW group than in the SH group.
Conclusion:
The periprocedural CW strategy maintains a more stable INR immediately after AF ablation without increasing hemorrhagic complications compared with the classic strategy of SH. Simple CW can replace SH in an experienced laboratory with a low risk of hemopericardium during AF ablation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 620‐625, June 2010)
Periodontal health in children exposed to passive smoking
Authors: Erdemir Ebru Olgun , Sönmez Işıl Saroǧlu , Oba Aylin Akbay , Bergstrom Jan , Çaǧlayan Osman 
Published: December 2009

Erdemir EO, Sönmez IS, Oba AA, Bergstrom J, Çag&#x030c;layan O. Periodontal health in children exposed to passive smoking. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 160–164. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01510.x.AbstractAim: To determine (1) the cotinine levels of saliva, urine and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of children in families with and without smoking members and (2) a possible association between the periodontal health of the children and exposure to passive smoking.Material and Methods: The study population comprised of 109 children in the age range 6–12 years. Children were classified as exposed to passive tobacco smoking (PTS‐exposed, n=51) and as unexposed controls (PTS‐unexposed, n=58). Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. GCF, saliva and urine samples were also collected. The levels of cotinine in these fluids were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The mean salivary cotinine concentration was significantly increased in PTS‐exposed children compared with PTS‐unexposed children (p<0.05). Further, in a dose‐dependent way, the mean salivary concentration was significantly higher in children whose father or mother was a smoker (p<0.05) as compared, respectively, with children whose fathers and mothers were non‐smokers. The mean CAL was significantly less in PTS‐exposed children compared with non‐PTS‐exposed children (0.09 mm; p<0.05) and also in children whose father was a smoker (p<0.05), but not in children whose mother was a smoker as compared with non‐smoker fathers and mothers, respectively. The GCF cotinine levels were below the detection limits with the assay method that was used.Conclusions: We have observed that children who are exposed to passive smoking have elevated cotinine levels in their saliva concomitant with a lowered CAL.
Visceral fat area‐defined obesity and periodontitis among Koreans
Authors: Han Dong‐Hun , Lim Sin‐Ye , Sun Bo‐Cheng , Paek Do‐Myung , Kim Hyun‐Duck 
Published: December 2009

Han D‐H, Lim S‐Y, Sun B‐C, Paek D‐M, Kim H‐D. Visceral fat area defined obesity and periodontitis among Koreans. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 172–179. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01515.x.AbstractAim: Although the association of periodontitis with body mass index (BMI)‐defined obesity has been studied, it remains controversial. Hence, this study aims to determine whether the obesity is associated with periodontitis among Koreans and to determine the most significant indicator of the obesity on the link.Materials and Methods: From the Sihwa–Banwol Environmental Health Cohort, 1046 subjects 15 years of age or older were cross‐sectionally surveyed. All participants underwent periodontal and medical health examinations. Age, gender, monthly family income, smoking, drinking, frequency of daily teeth brushing and physical activity were evaluated through interviews. The community periodontal index (CPI) was used to assess periodontitis. BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio and visceral fat area (VFA) were used to assess obesity. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were applied.Results: BMI, WC and VFA had a dose–effect relationship with the number of sextants with periodontitis. Although subgroup analysis revealed several significant associations between obesity and periodontitis (CPI 3–4), the greatest association between VFA and periodontitis was found in males, age 45–54 (odds ratio=3.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.53–7.09).Conclusions: Obesity was associated with periodontitis. VFA was the most suitable indicator of obesity in relation to periodontitis. Obesity may be a substantial risk factor for periodontitis.
Factors Affecting the Distribution and Abundance of Asplenium nidus L. in a Tropical Lowland Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Nurvianto Sandy , Harrison Rhett 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT Asplenium nidus is an abundant epiphytic fern of tropical rain forests in the Old World, where it plays an important ecological role in the forest canopy as host to diverse arthropod communities. We investigated the factors that determine the distribution and abundance of A. nidus in the canopy of an aseasonal lowland dipterocarp forest at Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia. We found that A. nidus was more abundant in the understory, and on hosts with smooth bark and relatively flat branch angles. Ferns were found on a wide diversity and size range of host taxa. However, both host taxa and host diameter at breast height had a significant effect on A. nidus occupancy. Asplenium nidus had an aggregated spatial distribution at all scales within the study area. Spatial aggregation at larger scales appears to be driven by habitat preference, as A. nidus abundance was positively associated with swampy areas and negatively associated with hilly areas. At smaller scales, limited dispersal of their wind‐dispersed spores most likely explains the aggregated distribution. Larger individuals occurred higher in the canopy and were more common in the hilly area. Thus, the distribution of A. nidus may represent a trade‐off between the availability of suitable microsites for establishment in the understory and better growth conditions higher in the canopy. However, A. nidus is known to comprise a complex of cryptic species, and future studies should incorporate molecular techniques to elucidate the potential role of speciation in explaining these patterns.
Supercollapsars and their X-ray bursts
Authors: Komissarov Serguei S. , Barkov Maxim V. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The very first stars in the Universe can be very massive, up to 103 M⊙. If born in large numbers, such massive stars can have a strong impact on the subsequent star formation, producing strong ionizing radiation and contaminating the primordial gas with heavy elements. They would leave behind massive black holes that could act as seeds for growing supermassive black holes of active galactic nuclei. Given the anticipated fast rotation, such stars would end their life as supermassive collapsars and drive powerful magnetically dominated jets. In this Letter, we investigate the possibility of observing the bursts of high-energy emission similar to the long gamma-ray bursts associated with normal collapsars. We show that during the collapse of supercollapsars, the Blandford–Znajek mechanism can produce jets as powerful as few ×1052 erg s−1 and release up to 1054 erg of the black hole rotational energy. Due to the higher intrinsic time-scale and higher redshift, the initial bright phase of the burst can last for about 104 s, whereas the central engine would remain active for about 1 d. Due to the high redshift the burst spectrum is expected to be soft, with the spectral energy distribution peaking at around 20–30 keV. The peak total flux density is relatively low, 10−7 erg cm−2 s−1, but not prohibitive. If one supercollapsar is produced per every minihalo of dark matter arising from the 3σ cosmological fluctuations, then the whole sky frequency of such bursts could reach several tens per year.
Abell 370 revisited: refurbished Hubble imaging of the first strong lensing cluster
Authors: Richard J. , Kneib J.-P. , Limousin M. , Edge A. , Jullo E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
We present a strong lensing analysis of the galaxy cluster Abell 370 (z= 0.375) based on the recent multicolour images by Advanced Camera for Surveys obtained as part of the Early Release Observation (ERO) that followed the Hubble Service Mission #4. Back in 1987, the giant gravitational arc (z= 0.725) in Abell 370 was one of the first pieces of evidence that massive clusters are dense enough to act as strong gravitational lenses. The new observations reveal in detail its disclike morphology, and we show that it can be interpreted as a complex five-image configuration, with a total magnification factor of 32 ± 4. Moreover, the high-resolution multicolour information allowed us to identify 10 multiply imaged background galaxies. We derive a mean Einstein radius of θE= 39 ± 2 arcsec for a source redshift at z= 2, corresponding to a mass of M(&lt;θE) = 2.82 ± 0.15 × 1014 M⊙ and M(&lt;250 kpc) = 3.8 ± 0.2 × 1014 M⊙, in good agreement with Subaru weak-lensing measurements. The typical mass model error is smaller than 5 per cent, a factor of 3 of improvement compared to the previous lensing analysis. Abell 370 mass distribution is confirmed to be bimodal with very small offset between the dark matter, the X-ray gas and the stellar mass. Combining this information with the velocity distribution reveals that Abell 370 is likely the merging of two equally massive clusters along the line of sight, explaining the very high-mass density necessary to efficiently produce strong lensing. These new observations stress the importance of multicolour imaging for the identification of multiple images which is key to determining an accurate mass model. The very large Einstein radius makes Abell 370 one of the best clusters to search for high-redshift galaxies through strong magnification in the central region.
Medievalism, Popular Culture and National Identity in Children's Fantasy Literature
Authors: Cecire Maria Sachiko 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article introduces the role of medievalisms in British and Anglophone children's fantasy literature since the 1950s, focusing on how these texts impact the development of national identity. Children's fantasy literature often contributes to a nationalistic tradition of nostalgia for the Middle Ages, glorifying and reproducing that period for contemporary readers by including medieval narratives and what Clare A. Simmons calls ‘perceived codes of values’, as well as the customary medievalised trappings: castles, knights, magicians, etc. However, in the face of globalisation, recent fantasy has begun to reflect changes in the British experience of itself and the outside world. The explosive popularity of J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels and the subsequent rise of other new fantasy for children have placed these new forms of medievalism on a global stage through wide translation, spin‐off media and merchandise. This article is especially concerned with how these texts balance questions of racial and spatial relationships to establish insider identity for their young readers.
Rescaling Regional Identities: Communicating Thick and Thin Regional Identities
Authors: Terlouw Kees 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNovel forms of regional identities emerge in response to global competitive pressures and challenges to the nation‐state. Regions have to react and position their identity in relation to the rescaling of statehood. Especially, the growing autonomy of regional administrations makes support from local stakeholders more important. Communicating a specific regional identity is one of the instruments regional administrations use for mobilising support. However, at the same time old, traditional regional identities become more fluid. Regional identity traditionally focuses on shared past and specific social and cultural characteristics. Especially globalisation and individualisation undermine this traditional thick regional identity. Regional administrations have to adjust their communicated regional identity. By communicating the image of a future oriented region that can face the challenges of global competition, they increasingly use a thin regional identity. This paper analyses different case studies from the Netherlands and Germany.
Reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements in patients with age‐related macular degeneration using 3D Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Topcon 3D‐OCT 1000)
Authors: Menke Marcel N. , Dabov Simeon , Knecht Pascal , Sturm Veit 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  Conventional time‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an important tool for following dry or exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Fourier‐domain three‐dimensional (3D) OCT was recently introduced. This study tested the reproducibility of 3D‐OCT retinal thickness measurements in patients with dry and exudative AMD.Methods:  Ten eyes with dry AMD and 12 eyes with exudative AMD were included in the study. Sets of three OCT 6 × 6‐mm raster scans were taken by one operator. Mean retinal thickness was calculated for 36 areas. Coefficients of variation (CoV) were calculated for each patient and area. For analysis, two separate areas (central and peripheral) were defined. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were applied to all 36 subfields in order to analyse possible differences in CoV and mean retinal thickness between dry and exudative AMD.Results:  Mean retinal thickness values were significantly larger in the central area in exudative AMD (p < 0.001). Mean CoV for exudative AMD was 3.7% (standard deviation [SD] 1.4%). Mean CoV for dry AMD was 1.8 (SD 0.6%). The reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements was significantly less in exudative AMD (p = 0.009).Conclusions:  Reproducibility of 3D‐OCT retinal thickness measurements was good in both groups. However, reproducibility was significantly better in dry AMD than in exudative AMD.
Polarized endomorphisms of uniruled varieties. With an appendix by Y. Fujimoto and N. Nakayama
Authors: Zhang De-Qi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe show that polarized endomorphisms of rationally connected threefolds with at worst terminal singularities are equivariantly built up from those on ℚ-Fano threefolds, Gorenstein log del Pezzo surfaces and ℙ1. Similar results are obtained for polarized endomorphisms of uniruled threefolds and fourfolds. As a consequence, we show that every smooth Fano threefold with a polarized endomorphism of degree greater than one is rational.
An investigation of patients’ motivations for their participation in genetics-related research
Authors: Hallowell N , Cooke S , Crawford G , Lucassen A , Parker M , Snowdon C 
Published: December 2009

Design:Qualitative interview study.Participants:Fifty-nine patients with a family history of cancer who attend a regional cancer genetics clinic in the UK were interviewed about their current and previous research experiences.Findings:Interviewees gave a range of explanations for research participation. These were categorised as (a) social—research participation benefits the wider society by progressing science and improving treatment for everyone; (b) familial—research participation may improve healthcare and benefit current or future generations of the participant’s family; and (c) personal—research participation provides therapeutic or non-therapeutic benefits for oneself.Conclusions:We discuss the distinction drawn between motives for research participation focused upon self (personal) and others (familial/social), and observe that personal, social and familial motives can be seen as interdependent. For example, research participation that is undertaken to benefit others, particularly relatives, may also offer a number of personal benefits for self, such as enabling participants to feel that they have discharged their social or familial obligations. We argue for the need to move away from simple, static, individualised notions of research participation to a more complex, dynamic and inherently social account.