bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habits of the heart: Life history and the developmental neuroendocrinology of emotion
Authors: Worthman Carol M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe centrality of emotion in cognition and social intelligence as well as its impact on health has intensified investigation into the causes and consequences of individual variation in emotion regulation. Central processing of experience directly informs regulation of endocrine axes, essentially forming a neuro‐endocrine continuum integrating information intake, processing, and physiological and behavioral response. Two major elements of life history—resource allocation and niche partitioning—are served by linking cognitive‐affective with physiologic and behavioral processes. Scarce cognitive resources (attention, memory, and time) are allocated under guidance from affective co‐processing. Affective‐cognitive processing, in turn, regulates physiologic activity through neuro‐endocrine outflow and thereby orchestrates energetic resource allocation and trade‐offs, both acutely and through time. Reciprocally, peripheral activity (e.g., immunologic, metabolic, or energetic markers) influences affective‐cognitive processing. By guiding attention, memory, and behavior, affective‐cognitive processing also informs individual stances toward, patterns of activity in, and relationships with the world. As such, it mediates processes of niche partitioning that adaptively exploit social and material resources. Developmental behavioral neurobiology has identified multiple factors that influence the ontogeny of emotion regulation to form affective and behavioral styles. Evidence is reviewed documenting roles for genetic, epigenetic, and experiential factors in the development of emotion regulation, social cognition, and behavior with important implications for understanding mechanisms that underlie life history construction and the sources of differential health. Overall, this dynamic arena for research promises to link the biological bases of life history theory with the psychobehavioral phenomena that figure so centrally in quotidian experience and adaptation, particularly, for humans. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantifying calcium intake in school age children: Development and validation of the Calcium Counts!© food frequency questionnaire
Authors: Zemel Babette S. , Carey Lisa B. , Paulhamus Donna R. , Stallings Virginia A. , Ittenbach Richard F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractQuantifying dietary behavior is difficult and can be intrusive. Calcium, an essential mineral for skeletal development during childhood, is difficult to assess. Few studies have examined the use of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) for assessing calcium intake in school‐age children. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Calcium Counts!© FFQ (CCFFQ) for estimating calcium intake in school children in the US. Healthy children, aged 7–10 years (n = 139) completed the CCFFQ and 7‐day weighed food records. A subset of subjects completed a second CCFFQ within 3.6 months. Concurrent validity was determined using Pearson correlations between the CCFFQ and food record estimates of calcium intake, and the relationship between quintiles for the two measures. Predictive validity was determined using generalized linear regression models to explore the effects of age, race, and gender. Inter‐ and intra‐individual variability in calcium intake was high (>300 mg/day). Calcium intake was ∼300 mg/day higher by CCFFQ compared to food records. Concurrent validity was moderate (r = 0.61) for the entire cohort and higher for selected subgroups. Predictive validity estimates yielded significant relationships between CCFFQ and food record estimates of calcium intake alone and in the presence of such potential effect modifiers as age group, race, and gender. Test–retest reliability was high (r = 0.74). Although calcium intake estimated by the CCFFQ was greater than that measured by food records, the CCFFQ provides valid and reliable estimates of calcium intake in children. The CCFFQ is especially well‐suited as a tool to identify children with low calcium intakes. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Power generation from coal and biomass based on integrated gasification combined cycle concept with pre‐ and post‐combustion carbon capture methods
Authors: Cormos Calin‐Cristian , Cormos Ana‐Maria , Agachi Serban 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGasification technology is a process in which solid fuel is partially oxidised by oxygen and steam/water to produce a combustible gas called syngas (mainly a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). Syngas can be used either for power generation or processed to obtain various chemicals (hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, etc.). This article evaluates the possibilities of solid fuel decarbonisation by capturing carbon dioxide resulted form thermo‐chemical conversion of solid fuel using gasification. Evaluation is focused on power generation technology using syngas produced by solid fuel gasification (so‐called integrated gasification combined cycle—IGCC). Case studies analysed in the article are using a mixture of coal and biomass (sawdust) to produce around 400 MW electricity simultaneously with capturing about 90% of the feedstock carbon. Various carbon dioxide capture options (post‐ and pre‐combustion) are compared with situation of no carbon capture in terms of plant configurations, energy penalty, CO2 emissions, etc. Plant options are modelled using ChemCAD, and simulation results are used to assess the plant performances. Plant flexibility and future improvements are also discussed. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature dependence of heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 by ammonium sulfate aerosol
Authors: Griffiths Paul T. , Anthony Cox R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe present laboratory measurements of the dependence of the uptake coefficient γ on temperature for removal of the NOx reservoir N2O5 by sub‐micron aerosols containing ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogen sulfate. Uptake coefficients were measured over the range 263–303 K at 50% RH, which varied in the range 0.005–0.036. A simple negative dependence of uptake on temperature is observed for ammonium sulfate over this range, while the form of the temperature dependence of uptake by ammonium hydrogen sulfate is more complex. The results consolidate those of an earlier less definitive study of the temperature effect on N2O5 uptake. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
COMU: A Safer and More Effective Replacement for Benzotriazole‐Based Uronium Coupling Reagents
Authors: El‐Faham Ayman , Funosas Ramon Subirós , Prohens Rafel , Albericio Fernando 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe describe a new family of uronium‐type coupling reagents that differ in their iminium moieties and leaving groups. The presence of the morpholino group in conjunction with an oxime derivative—especially ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐(hydroxyimino)acetate (Oxyma)—had a marked influence on the solubilities, stabilities, and reactivities of the reagents. Finally, the new uronium salt derived from Oxyma (COMU) performed extremely well in the presence of only 1 equiv of base, thereby confirming the effect of the hydrogen bond acceptor in the reaction. COMU also showed a less hazardous safety profile than the benzotriazole‐based HDMA and HDMB, which exhibited unpredictable autocatalytic decompositions. Furthermore, the Oxyma moiety contained in COMU suggests a lower risk of explosion than in the case of the benzotriazole derivatives.
Homo‐ and Heterodinuclear Helicates of Lanthanide(III), Zinc(II) and Aluminium(III) Based on 8‐Hydroxyquinoline Ligands
Authors: Albrecht Markus , Osetska Olga , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G. , Gumy Frédéric , Fröhlich Roland 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHomonuclear helicates with rare‐earth‐metal(III) ions or heteronuclear derivatives with rare‐earth‐metal and aluminium or zinc centres are obtained in alkali‐metal‐templated self‐assembly processes from isobutenylidene‐bridged homoditopic bis(2‐carbamido‐8‐hydroxyquinoline)‐derived ligands 1H2 and 2H2 or heteroditopic (8‐hydroxyquinoline)(2‐carbamido‐8‐hydroxyquinoline)‐derived ligands 3H2 and 4H2. Diamagnetic coordination compounds possess a high stability in organic solvents such as CDCl3, [D4]MeOH or [D6]DMSO and can be well characterised by 1H NMR spectroscopy by using methylene protons and the protons of the vinylic units of the ligand as stereochemical or symmetry probes, respectively. Some of the homonuclear complexes could be crystallised and were characterised by using X‐ray diffraction studies. The complexes adopt a triple‐stranded helical structure with a central templating cation encapsulated in their interior. An unusual orientation of the double bond of one spacer towards this cation is observed. The homo‐ and heterodinuclear helicates with ytterbium(III), neodymium(III) or erbium(III) of ligands 2 and 4 were of special interest owing to their near‐infrared (NIR) emitting properties, which were investigated depending on the lanthanide and on the encapsulated alkali‐metal cation.
Development of a CE‐MS method to analyze components of the potential biomarker vascular endothelial growth factor 165
Authors: Puerta Angel , Bergquist Jonas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) is the predominant form of the complex VEGF‐A family. Its angiogenic effect is involved in many physiological and pathological events. For this reason, its roles as a potential biomarker and as a therapeutic drug have been considered. Nevertheless, very little is known about the existence of different forms of VEGF165 arising from glycosylation and potentially from other PTMs. This aspect is important because different forms may differ in biological activity (therapeutic drug application) and the pattern of the different forms can vary with pathological changes (biomarker application). In this work a CE‐MS method to separate up to seven peaks containing, at least, 19 isoforms of intact VEGF165 is described. Comparison between human VEGF165 expressed in a glycosylating system, i.e. insect cells, and in a non‐glycosylating system, i.e. E. coli cells, has been carried out. The method developed provides structural information (mass fingerprint) about the different forms of VEGF165 and after the deconvolution and the analysis of the MS spectra, PTMs pattern of VEGF165 including glycosylation and loss of amino acids at the N‐ and C‐terminus was identified. Glycans involved in PTMs promoting different glycoforms observed in the CE‐MS fingerprint were confirmed by MALDI‐MS after deglycosylation with peptide N‐glycosidase F. This approach is a starting point to study the role of VEGF165 as a potential biomarker and to perform quality control of the drug during manufacturing. To our knowledge this is the first time that a CE‐MS method for the analysis of VEGF165 has been developed.
Expression of caspase and apoptotic signal pathway induced by sulfur dioxide
Authors: Bai Juli , Meng Ziqiang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSulfur dioxide (SO2) is a common air pollutant that is released in low concentrations into the atmosphere and in higher concentrations in some work places. In the present study, male Wistar rats were housed in exposure chambers and treated with 14.00 ± 1.01, 28.00 ± 1.77, and 56.00 ± 3.44 mg/m3 SO2 for 7 days (6 hr/day), while control rats were exposed to filtered air under the same conditions. The mRNA and protein levels of caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9 were analyzed using a real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR) assay and an immunohistochemistry method. Activities of caspases were detected using colorimetric and fluorescent assays. Chromatin degradation and cell morphological changes were investigated by TUNEL assay and H&E staining in livers and lungs, respectively. The results showed that mRNA levels, protein levels and activities of caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9 were increased in a dose‐dependent manner in livers and lungs of rats after SO2 inhalation. In addition, livers were infiltrated with lymphocytes, congestion and inflammation occurred in lungs, and eosinophil cells and apoptotic cells increased in both livers and lungs after SO2 inhalation. These results suggest that SO2 exposure increases the expression and activity of both initiator and and effector caspases, and may induce apoptosis in liver and lung of rats through both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural equation models for meta‐analysis in environmental risk assessment
Authors: Budtz‐Jørgensen Esben , Debes Frodi , Weihe Pal , Grandjean Philippe 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe potential of structural equation models for combining information from different studies in environmental epidemiology is explored. For illustration, we synthesize data from two birth cohorts assessing the effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) on childhood cognitive performance. One cohort was the largest by far, but a smaller cohort included superior assessment of the PCB exposure which has been considered an important confounder when estimating the mercury effect. The data were analyzed by specification of a structural equation model for each cohort. Information was then pooled based on a joint likelihood function with key parameters constrained to be equal in the different models. Modeling assumptions were chosen to obtain a meaningful biological interpretation of the joint effect parameters. Measurement errors in mercury variables were taken into account by viewing observed variables as indicators of latent variables. Adjustments for measurement error were also included for confounder variables. In particular, this example illustrates how to properly utilize that one study provided superior information about a confounder. A final more advanced model pooled information across different outcomes to gain power and to avoid multiple testing problems. In this model, the mercury effect remained statistically significant, while the effect of PCB was less certain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coherence in consciousness: Paralimbic gamma synchrony of self‐reference links conscious experiences
Authors: Lou Hans C. , Gross Joachim , Biermann‐Ruben Katja , Kjaer Troels W. , Schnitzler Alfons 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA coherent and meaningful percept of the world is essential for human nature. Consequently, much speculation has focused on how this is achieved in the brain. It is thought that all conscious experiences have reference to the self. Self‐reference may either be minimal or extended, i.e., autonoetic. In minimal self‐reference subjective experiences are self‐aware in the weak sense that there is something it feels like for the subject to experience something. In autonoetic consciousness, consciousness emerges, by definition, by retrieval of memories of personally experienced events (episodic memory). It has been shown with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) that a medial paralimbic circuitry is critical for self‐reference. This circuitry includes anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate/medial parietal cortices, connected directly and via thalamus. We here hypothesized that interaction in the circuitry may bind conscious experiences with widely different degrees of self‐reference through synchrony of high frequency oscillations as a common neural event. This hypothesis was confirmed with magneto‐encephalography (MEG). The observed coupling between the neural events in conscious experience may explain the sense of unity of consciousness and the severe symptoms associated with paralimbic dysfunction. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Test–retest reproducibility of the default‐mode network in healthy individuals
Authors: Meindl Thomas , Teipel Stefan , Elmouden Rachid , Mueller Sophia , Koch Walter , Dietrich Olaf , Coates Ute , Reiser Maximilian , Glaser Christian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIndependent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time‐series reveals distinct coactivation patterns in the resting brain representing spatially coherent spontaneous fluctuations of the fMRI signal. Among these patterns, the so‐called default‐mode network (DMN) has been attributed to the ongoing mental activity of the brain during wakeful resting state. Studies suggest that many neuropsychiatric diseases disconnect brain areas belonging to the DMN. The potential use of the DMN as functional imaging marker for individuals at risk for these diseases, however, requires that the components of the DMN are reproducible over time in healthy individuals. In this study, we assessed the reproducibility of the DMN components within and between imaging sessions in 18 healthy young subjects (mean age, 27.5 years) who were scanned three times with two resting state scans during each session at 3.0T field strength. Statistical analysis of fMRI time‐series was done using ICA implemented with BrainVoyager QX. At all three sessions the essential components of the DMN could be identified in each individual. Spatial extent of DMN activity and size of overlap within and between sessions were most reproducible for the anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus. The degree of reproducibility of the DMN agrees with the degree of reproducibility found with motor paradigms. We conclude that DMN coactivation patterns are reproducible in healthy young subjects. Therefore, these data can serve as basis to further explore the effects of aging and neuropsychiatric diseases on the DMN of the brain. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The strength of the Fas ligand signal determines whether hepatocytes act as type 1 or type 2 cells in murine livers #
Authors: Schüngel Sven , Buitrago-Molina Laura Elisa , Nalapareddy Padmavathi devi , Lebofsky Margitta , Manns Michael P. , Jaeschke Hartmut , Gross Atan , Vogel Arndt 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The BH3-interacting domain death agonist Bid has been shown to be critical for Fas-induced hepatocellular apoptosis. Furthermore, some studies have suggested that phosphorylation of Bid may determine its apoptotic function and may act as a switch to nonapoptotic functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Bid and phosphorylated Bid for Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis in murine livers. The monoclonal antibody Jo2 and a hexameric form of sFasL (MegaFasL) were used to induce apoptosis in wild-type, Bid-deficient (Bid
−/−), Bid transgenic mice expressing a nonphosphorable form of Bid and Fas receptor-deficient lpr mice. Apoptosis sensitivity was determined in healthy mice and in mice following bile duct ligation, partial hepatectomy, or suramin pretreatment. As previously reported, loss of Bid protects mice against Jo2-induced liver failure. Remarkably however, Bid
−/− mice are highly sensitive to MegaFasL-induced apoptosis. MegaFasL-treated Bid
−/− mice showed a typical type I cell signaling behavior with activation of caspase-3 without Bax translocation to the mitochondria and no cytochrome C/Smac release into the cytosol. In contrast to previous in vitro findings, phosphorylation of Bid does not affect the sensitivity of hepatocytes to Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis in vivo. Conclusion: Our data suggest that Bid mainly amplifies a weak death receptor signal in quiescent and nonquiescent hepatocytes rendering the liver more sensitive to FasL-induced apoptosis. Thus, depending on the efficacy of Fas receptor activation, hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells can either behave as type I or type II cells. (Hepatology 2009.)
Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: Long-term results and prognostic factors in 235 Western patients with cirrhosis #
Authors: N'Kontchou Gisèle , Mahamoudi Amel , Aout Mounir , Ganne-Carrié Nathalie , Grando Véronique , Coderc Emmanuelle , Vicaut Eric , Trinchet Jean Claude , Sellier Nicolas , Beaugrand Michel , Seror Olivier 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
For the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is in some centers considered a first-line therapeutic option. However, such a strategy is still under debate with regard to tumor and patient characteristics. In this single-center study we assessed the 5-year survival and prognosis factors in 235 consecutive patients with cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A/B: 205/30) who received RFA as first-line treatment for up to three HCC ≤5 cm (307 tumors; mean diameter: 29 ± 10 mm; 53 multinodular forms). Among these patients, 67 satisfied the criteria for resection according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer. Complete ablation was obtained in 222 patients (94%). Overall, 337 RFA sessions were performed including iterative RFA for recurrence. Major complications occurred in three patients (0.9%), including one treatment-related death. After 27 ± 20 months of mean follow-up, local or distant, or both, tumor recurrence occurred in 16, 88, and 11 patients, respectively. Twenty-nine patients underwent transplantation and were removed from the study at this point. Overall 5-year, recurrence-free, and tumor-free (including results of iterative RFA) survival rates were, respectively, 40%, 17%, and 32%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 76% for operable patients. Factors associated with overall survival were prothrombin activity (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.97, 0.96–0.98; P < 0.0001) and serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) (HR = 1.02, 1.02–1.02; P < 0.0001), and factors associated with tumor recurrence were multinodular forms (HR = 2.34; 1.52–3.6; P = 0.0001) and serum AFP levels (HR = 1.015, 1.014–1.016; P = 0.015). Tumor size was associated with local recurrence but not with overall and tumor-free survival. Conclusion: RFA is a safe and effective first-line treatment of HCC up to 5 cm in diameter, especially for patients with a single tumor, a low serum AFP level, and well-preserved liver function. (Hepatology 2009.)
The niche of stellate cells within rat liver #
Authors: Sawitza Iris , Kordes Claus , Reister Sven , Häussinger Dieter 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
It is well-accepted that hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can develop into myofibroblast-like cells that synthesize extracellular matrix proteins and contribute to liver fibrosis. Recently, molecular markers of stem/progenitor cells were discovered in HSCs of rats. Moreover, the cells displayed the capacity to differentiate and to participate in liver regeneration. In addition, stellate cells possess signaling pathways important for maintenance of stemness and cell differentiation such as hedgehog and β-catenin–dependent Wnt signaling. All these properties are congruently found in stem/progenitor cells. Stem cells require a special microenvironment, the so-called stem cell niche, to maintain their characteristics. Thus, we investigated if the space of Disse, where stellate cells reside in the liver innervated by the sympathetic nervous system and surrounded by sinusoidal endothelial cells and parenchymal cells, exhibits similarities with known stem cell niches. The present study describes the niche of stellate cells within the liver of rats that is composed of sinusoidal endothelial cells, which release stromal cell–derived factor-1 to attract stellate cells via the cysteine-X-cysteine receptor 4, basal lamina proteins (laminin and collagen type IV), and parenchymal cells, which synthesize β-catenin–dependent Wnt ligands and Jagged1. Conclusion: The space of Disse shows analogies to typical stem cell niches comprising of basal lamina components, sympathetic innervation, and adjacent cells that constitute a milieu by paracrine factors and direct physical interactions to retain HSCs at this site and to influence their cellular fate. The space of Disse serves as a niche of stellate cells, which is a novel function of this unique organ structure. (Hepatology 2009.)