bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of racial and ethnic disparities in mortality in minority patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in a mid-Atlantic healthcare system
Authors: Galiatsatos Panagis , Garibaldi Brian , Yao Dapeng , Xu Yanxun , Perin Jamie , Shahu Andi , Jackson John W , Piggott Damani , Falade-Nwulia Oluwaseun , Shubella Jocelyn , Michtalik Henry , Belcher Harolyn M E , Hansel Nadia N , Golden Sherita 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn the USA, minoritised communities (racial and ethnic) have suffered disproportionately from COVID-19 compared with non-Hispanic white communities. In a large cohort of patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in a healthcare system spanning five adult hospitals, we analysed outcomes of patients based on race and ethnicity.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients 18 years or older admitted to five hospitals in the mid-Atlantic area between 4 March 2020 and 27 May 2022 with confirmed COVID-19. Participants were divided into four groups based on their race/ethnicity: non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, Latinx and other. Propensity score weighted generalised linear models were used to assess the association between race/ethnicity and the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality.ResultsOf the 9651 participants in the cohort, more than half were aged 18–64 years old (56%) and 51% of the cohort were females. Non-Hispanic white patients had higher mortality (p<0.001) and longer hospital length-of-stay (p<0.001) than Latinx and non-Hispanic black patients.DiscussionIn this large multihospital cohort of patients admitted with COVID-19, non-Hispanic black and Hispanic patients did not have worse outcomes than white patients. Such findings likely reflect how the complex range of factors that resulted in a life-threatening and disproportionate impact of incidence on certain vulnerable populations by COVID-19 in the community was offset through admission at well-resourced hospitals and healthcare systems. However, there continues to remain a need for efforts to address the significant pre-existing race and ethnicity inequities highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic to be better prepared for future public health emergencies.
Heavy quark potential and jet quenching parameter in a rotating D-instanton background
Authors: Chen Jun-Xia , Hou De-Fu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe obtain the dual gravity metric of rotating nuclear matter by performing a standard Lorentz transformation on the static metric in the D-instanton background. We then study the effects of the angular velocity, instanton density, and temperature on the heavy quark potential. The results show that the angular velocity and the temperature promote dissociation of the quark–antiquark pair, and the instanton density suppresses dissociation. Similarly, according to the results for the jet quenching parameter, we find that the parameter increases with the increase in angular velocity, instanton density, and temperature, and the jet quenching parameter in the rotating D-instanton background is larger than that of $$\mathcal {N} =4$$

N
=
4

supersymmetric Yang–Mills (SYM) theory.
AGAR - Attention Graph-RNN for Adaptative Motion Prediction of Point Clouds of Deformable Objects
Authors: Gomes Pedro de Medeiros , Rossi Silvia , Toni Laura 
Published: May 2024

This article focuses on motion prediction for point cloud sequences in the challenging case of deformable 3D objects, such as human body motion. First, we investigate the challenges caused by deformable shapes and complex motions present in this type of representation, with the ultimate goal of understanding the technical limitations of state-of-the-art models. From this understanding, we propose an improved architecture for point cloud prediction of deformable 3D objects. Specifically, to handle deformable shapes, we propose a graph-based approach that learns and exploits the spatial structure of point clouds to extract more representative features. Then, we propose a module able to combine the learned features in aadaptativemanner according to the point cloud movements. The proposed adaptative module controls the composition of local and global motions for each point, enabling the network to model complex motions in deformable 3D objects more effectively. We tested the proposed method on the following datasets: MNIST moving digits, theMixamohuman bodies motions [15], JPEG [5] and CWIPC-SXR [32] real-world dynamic bodies. Simulation results demonstrate that our method outperforms the current baseline methods given its improved ability to model complex movements as well as preserve point cloud shape. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generalizability of the proposed framework for dynamic feature learning by testing the framework for action recognition on the MSRAction3D dataset [19] and achieving results on par with state-of-the-art methods.
Breast Cancer Screening: Can We Justify Deescalation?
Authors: Jatoi Ismail 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNovel breast cancer screening methods that detect greater numbers of occult (nonpalpable) tumors have been rapidly incorporated into clinical practice, with the aim of reducing mortality. Yet, tumor detection has never been validated as a proper surrogate outcome measure for breast cancer mortality. Moreover, the detection of greater numbers of occult cancers increases the risk of overdiagnosis, which refers to detection of tumors that pose no threat to life and would never have been detected in the absence of screening. With recent advances in breast cancer therapy, many cancers that were previously curable only if detected as occult tumors with mammography screening are perhaps now curable even when detected as small palpable tumors, thereby giving us an opportunity to deescalate screening and mitigate the risk of overdiagnosis. Thus, a randomized trial comparing screening mammography versus screening clinical breast examination (CBE), with breast cancer mortality as the endpoint, is now warranted. In such a trial, hand-held ultrasound might aid in the interpretation of screening CBE findings. In conclusion, recent improvements in breast cancer therapy provide the justification to assess the deescalation of breast cancer screening.See related article by Farber et al., p. 671
Supplementary Figure 3 from Optimizing Cervical Target Volume in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer Based On Nodal Drainage Distance
Authors: Liu Yang , Yan Wenbin , Hu Chaosu , Huang Xiaodong , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Chen Xuesong , Wu Runye , Zhang Ye , Zhang Jianghu , Luo Jingwei , Li Yexiong , Wang Jingbo , Yi Junlin 
Published: May 2024

<p>The impact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA copies on nodal drainage distance.</p>
Targeting the Dendritic Cell-Secreted Immunoregulatory Cytokine CCL22 Alleviates Radioresistance
Authors: Bugno Jason , Wang Liangliang , Yu Xianbin , Cao Xuezhi , Wang Jiaai , Huang Xiaona , Yang Kaiting , Piffko Andras , Chen Katherine , Luo Stephen Y. , Naccasha Emile , Hou Yuzhu , Fu Sherry , He Chuan , Fu Yang-xin , Liang Hua L. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Radiation-mediated immune suppression limits efficacy and is a barrier in cancer therapy. Radiation induces negative regulators of tumor immunity including regulatory T cells (Treg). Mechanisms underlying Treg infiltration after radiotherapy (RT) are poorly defined. Given that conventional dendritic cells (cDC) maintain Treg, we sought to identify and target cDC signaling to block Treg infiltration after radiation.

Experimental Design:
Transcriptomics and high dimensional flow cytometry revealed changes in murine tumor cDC that not only mediate Treg infiltration after RT but also associate with worse survival in human cancer datasets. Antibodies perturbing a cDC-CCL22-Treg axis were tested in syngeneic murine tumors. A prototype interferon–anti-epidermal growth factor receptor fusion protein (αEGFR-IFNα) was examined to block Treg infiltration and promote a CD8+ T cell response after RT.

Results:
Radiation expands a population of mature cDC1 enriched in immunoregulatory markers that mediates Treg infiltration via the Treg-recruiting chemokine CCL22. Blocking CCL22 or Treg depletion both enhanced RT efficacy. αEGFR-IFNα blocked cDC1 CCL22 production while simultaneously inducing an antitumor CD8+ T cell response to enhance RT efficacy in multiple EGFR-expressing murine tumor models, including following systemic administration.

Conclusions:
We identify a previously unappreciated cDC mechanism mediating Treg tumor infiltration after RT. Our findings suggest blocking the cDC1-CCL22-Treg axis augments RT efficacy. αEGFR-IFNα added to RT provided robust antitumor responses better than systemic free interferon administration and may overcome clinical limitations to interferon therapy. Our findings highlight the complex behavior of cDC after RT and provide novel therapeutic strategies for overcoming RT-driven immunosuppression to improve RT efficacy.
See related commentary by Kalinski et al., p. 4260
Modeling the Impact of Biomarker-Guided Versus ASCVD Risk–Guided Drug Treatment in US Adults With Stage 1 Hypertension: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2004
Authors: Foti Kathryn , Wang Dan , Tang Olive , Daya Natalie R. , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Juraschek Stephen P. , Christenson Robert H. , Selvin Elizabeth , McEvoy John W. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Guidelines recommend antihypertensive medication for adults with both stage 1 hypertension (systolic blood pressure, 130–139 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure, 80–89 mm Hg) and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk ≥10%. Cardiac biomarkers could facilitate a more targeted approach to the treatment of stage 1 hypertension.

METHODS:
We studied 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged ≥20 years with untreated stage 1 hypertension without heart failure or ASCVD. We measured hs-cTnI (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I), hs-cTnT (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T) and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) in stored serum. We used the Pooled Cohort Equations to predict 10-year ASCVD risk. All participants had linked mortality follow-up through December 31, 2019.

RESULTS:
Overall, 17.5% of US adults (32.2 million) had untreated stage 1 hypertension. Among these 32.2 million persons, 15.7% had ASCVD risk ≥10%, 5.6% had elevated hs-cTnI, 4.7% had elevated hs-cTnT, and 9.5% had elevated NT-proBNP. Among adults aged 65 to 79 years with untreated stage 1 hypertension, 80.5% had ASCVD risk ≥10%, 13.0% had elevated hs-cTnI, 15.2% had elevated hs-cTnT, and 29.4% had elevated NT-proBNP. Less than half of the adults aged ≥80 years with untreated stage 1 hypertension had elevated biomarkers. The cardiovascular disease mortality rates among all adults with untreated stage 1 hypertension and with either ASCVD risk ≥10%, elevated hs-cTnI, elevated hs-cTnT, or elevated NT-proBNP were 7.51, 7.74, 8.75, and 5.87 per 1000 person-years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiac biomarkers may be more selective for informing risk-based treatment decisions in stage 1 hypertension, particularly among adults aged ≥65 years.
Hypertension Impacts the Oscillatory Dynamics Serving the Encoding Phase of Verbal Working Memory
Authors: Arif Yasra , Killanin Abraham D. , Zhu Jingqi , Willett Madelyn P. , Okelberry Hannah J. , Johnson Hallie J. , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Chronic hypertension is known to be a major contributor to cognitive decline, with executive function and working memory being among the domains most commonly affected. Despite the growing literature on such dysfunction in patients with hypertension, the underlying neural processes are poorly understood.

METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study, we examine these neural processes by having participants with controlled hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension, and healthy controls perform a verbal working memory task during magnetoencephalography. Neural oscillations associated with the encoding and maintenance components of the working memory task were imaged and statistically evaluated among the 3 groups.

RESULTS:
Differences related to hypertension emerged during the encoding phase, where the hypertension groups exhibited weaker α-β oscillatory responses compared with controls in the left parietal cortices, whereas such oscillatory activity differed between the 2 hypertension groups in the right prefrontal regions. Importantly, these neural responses in the prefrontal and parietal cortices during encoding were also significantly associated with behavioral performance across all participants.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, our data suggest that hypertension is associated with neurophysiological abnormalities during working memory encoding, whereas the neural processes serving maintenance seem to be preserved. The right hemispheric neural responses likely reflected compensatory processing, which patients with controlled hypertension may use to achieve verbal working memory function at the level of controls, as opposed to the uncontrolled hypertension group where diminished resources may have limited such additional recruitment.
Hemorrhagic Transformation in Noncardioembolic Acute Ischemic Stroke: MRI Analysis From PACIFIC-STROKE
Authors: Chen Chih-Hao , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Colorado Pablo , Saad Feryal , Lemmens Robin , De Marchis Gian Marco , Caso Valeria , Xu Lizhen , Heenan Laura , Masjuan Jaime , Christensen Hanne , Connolly Stuart J. , Khatri Pooja , Mundl Hardi , Hart Robert G. , Smith Eric E. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
In the phase 2 PACIFIC-STROKE trial (Proper Dosing and Safety of the Oral FXIa Inhibitor BAY 2433334 in Patients Following Acute Noncardioembolic Stroke), asundexian, an oral factor XIa inhibitor, did not increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). In this secondary analysis, we aimed to investigate the frequency, types, and risk factors of HT on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODS:
This was a secondary analysis of the PACIFIC-STROKE trial. Patients with mild-to-moderate acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to asundexian or placebo plus guideline-based antiplatelet therapy. Brain MRIs were required at baseline (≤120 hours after stroke onset) and at 26 weeks or end-of-study. HT was defined using the Heidelberg classification and classified as early HT (identified on baseline MRI) or late HT (new HT by 26 weeks) based on iron-sensitive sequences. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test factors that are associated with early HT and late HT, respectively.

RESULTS:
Of 1745 patients with adequate baseline brain MRI (mean age, 67 years; mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 2.8), early HT at baseline was detected in 497 (28.4%). Most were hemorrhagic infarctions (hemorrhagic infarction type 1: 15.2%; HI2: 12.7%) while a few were parenchymal hematomas (parenchymal hematoma type 1: 0.4%; parenchymal hematoma type 2: 0.2%). Early HT was more frequent with longer symptom onset-to-MRI interval. Male sex, diabetes, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale large (>15 mm) infarct size, cortical involvement by infarct, higher number of acute infarcts, presence of chronic brain infarct, cerebral microbleed, and chronic cortical superficial siderosis were independently associated with early HT in the multivariable logistic regression model. Of 1507 with follow-up MRI, HT was seen in 642 (42.6%) overall, including 361 patients (23.9%) with late HT (new HT: 306; increased grade of baseline HT: 55). Higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, large infarct size, cortical involvement of infarct, and higher number of acute infarcts predicted late HT.

CONCLUSIONS:
About 28% of patients with noncardioembolic stroke had early HT, and 24% had late HT detectable by MRI. Given the high frequency of HT on MRI, more research is needed on how it influences treatment decisions and outcomes.
The Jurisdiction of Investment Tribunals to Adjudicate Claims and Incidental Questions Grounded in Domestic Law
Authors: Brosseau Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the past thirty years, arbitral tribunals tasked with determining their jurisdiction to adjudicate domestic law in investment disputes have frequently relied on one or a combination of two conventional approaches. The first approach interprets jurisdiction and applicable law provisions as serving separate functions and operating independently. The second approach contends that domestic law applies as a fact.
However, these two approaches fall short in encompassing the distinct ways in which domestic law can apply in an investment dispute. This application of domestic law is contingent on the stipulations found within a jurisdiction provision – often referred to as the “arbitration agreement” – and the jurisdictional provisions that delineate a tribunal’s personal, material, and temporal scope of jurisdiction.
To comprehensively elucidate how domestic law operates in investment arbitration, this article outlines the sources of a tribunal’s jurisdiction to adjudicate a claim and an incidental question grounded in domestic law. Firstly, the narrow or broad scope of a jurisdiction provision within an international investment agreement, domestic investment law, or investment contract determines whether a tribunal has the jurisdiction to hear a claim grounded in domestic law, pursuant to the severability doctrine. Secondly, the direct reference or lacuna in a jurisdictional provision determines whether a tribunal possesses jurisdiction to hear an incidental question grounded in domestic law, as a necessary and ancillary legal issue that a tribunal must preliminarily address to resolve the relevant claim, pursuant to the lex specialis principle.
Given these considerations, tribunals and treaty drafters should not rely on the two conventional approaches, but should consider any stipulation within a jurisdiction provision and jurisdictional provisions concerning the application of domestic law as the legal foundation of a claim and an incidental question.
Apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus from partially defatted Hermetia illucens larvae meal in pigs
Authors: Grundmann S.M. , Herrero-Encinas J. , Eder K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Insect meals, which have emerged as a sustainable protein source in animal nutrition, are also rich in calcium and phosphorus and thus might be a valuable source for supplying these minerals in farm animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of these minerals from commercially available partially defatted meals of Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae in growing pigs. According to a difference approach, twenty male growing pigs with an average body weight of around 30 kg were divided into five groups of four pigs each and fed either a basal diet or the basal diet blended with one of three HI meals or monocalcium phosphate (MCP, as a positive control) for 14 days. Calcium and phosphorus ATTD were determined, by using the indicator method with acid-insoluble ash as an indigestible marker. Calcium ATTD on average of the three HI meals was 71.2%, ranging from 60.7% to 77.0%, and the ATTD of phosphorus was 80.6%, with a range of 70.8% to 88.9%. Calcium and phosphorus ATTD of MCP were 95.0% and 82.8%, respectively. The study shows that calcium and phosphorus from HI meals exhibit a relatively high ATTD in pigs, similar to that observed from inorganic mineral sources. Thus, HI meal could substantially contribute to the supply of calcium and phosphorus to pigs, thus opening the possibility to conserve scarce minerals resources such as phosphate-rich rocks for pig nutrition.
Getting cozy with causality: Advances to the causal pathway diagramming method to enhance implementation precision
Authors: Klasnja Predrag , Meza Rosemary D. , Pullmann Michael D. , Mettert Kayne D. , Hawkes Rene , Palazzo Lorella , Weiner Bryan J. , Lewis Cara C. 
Published: May 2024

Background Implementation strategies are theorized to work well when carefully matched to implementation determinants and when factors—preconditions, moderators, etc.—that influence strategy effectiveness are prospectively identified and addressed. Existing methods for strategy selection are either imprecise or require significant technical expertise and resources, undermining their utility. This article outlines refinements to causal pathway diagrams (CPDs), a method for articulating the causal process through which implementation strategies work and offers illustrations of their use. Method CPDs are a visualization tool to represent an implementation strategy, its mechanism(s) (i.e., the processes through which a strategy is thought to operate), determinants it is intended to address, factors that may impede or facilitate its effectiveness, and the series of outcomes that should be expected if the strategy is operating as intended. We offer principles for constructing CPDs and describe their key functions. Results Applications of the CPD method by study teams from two National Institute of Health-funded Implementation Science Centers and a research grant are presented. These include the use of CPDs to (a) match implementation strategies to determinants, (b) understand the conditions under which an implementation strategy works, and (c) develop causal theories of implementation strategies. Conclusions CPDs offer a novel method for implementers to select, understand, and improve the effectiveness of implementation strategies. They make explicit theoretical assumptions about strategy operation while supporting practical planning. Early applications have led to method refinements and guidance for the field.
InGaN blue resonant cavity micro-LED with RGY quantum dot layer for broad gamut, efficient displays
Authors: Lee Tzu-Yi , Huang Chien-Chi , Hung Yu-Ying , Chen Fang-Chung , Hong Yu-Heng , Kuo Hao-Chung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe technology of RGBY micro resonant cavity light emitting diodes (micro-RCLEDs) based on quantum dots (QDs) is considered one of the most promising approaches for full-color displays. In this work, we propose a novel structure combining a high color conversion efficiency (CCE) QD photoresist (QDPR) color conversion layer (CCL) with blue light micro RCLEDs, incorporating an ultra-thin yellow color filter. The additional TiO2 particles inside the QDPR CCL can scatter light and disperse QDs, thus reducing the self-aggregation phenomenon and enhancing the eventual illumination uniformity. Considering the blue light leakage, the influences of adding different color filters are investigated by illumination design software. Finally, the introduction of low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) passivation protection technology at the top of the CCL can enhance the device's reliability. The introduction of RGBY four-color subpixels provides a viable path for developing low-energy consumption, high uniformity, and efficient color conversion displays.
VCF2PCACluster: a simple, fast and memory-efficient tool for principal component analysis of tens of millions of SNPs
Authors: He Weiming , Xu Lian , Wang JingXian , Yue Zhen , Jing Yi , Tai Shuaishuai , Yang Jian , Fang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) is an important and widely used unsupervised learning method that determines population structure based on genetic variation. Genome sequencing of thousands of individuals usually generate tens of millions of SNPs, making it challenging for PCA analysis and interpretation. Here we present VCF2PCACluster, a simple, fast and memory-efficient tool for Kinship estimation, PCA and clustering analysis, and visualization based on VCF formatted SNPs. We implemented five Kinship estimation methods and three clustering methods for its users to choose from. Moreover, unlike other PCA tools, VCF2PCACluster possesses a clustering function based on PCA result, which enabling users to automatically and clearly know about population structure. We demonstrated the same accuracy but a higher performance of this tool in performing PCA analysis on tens of millions of SNPs compared to another popular PLINK2 software, especially in peak memory usage that is independent of the number of SNPs in VCF2PCACluster.