bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A distributed thermodynamic model for energy and mass balance computation: FEST–EWB
Authors: Corbari Chiara , Ravazzani Giovanni , Mancini Marco 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article presents the development of distributed thermodynamic model for energy and mass balance computation between soil surface and shallow atmospheric layers and its inclusion into the hydrological model FEST–EWB (Flash–flood Event–based Spatially distributed rainfall–runoff Transformation–Energy Water Balance). This model is also thought for a synergic use of hydrological model with remote sensing data. In particular, the energy budget is solved looking for the representative thermodynamic equilibrium temperature (RET) defined as the land surface temperature (LST) that closes the energy balance equation for any pixel of basin surface. So using this approach, through the system between the mass and energy equations, soil moisture (SM) is linked to the latent heat flux (LE) and then to LST. The RET thermodynamic approach solves most of the problems of the actual evapotranspiration (ET) and SM computation. In fact, it permits to avoid computing the effective ET as an empirical fraction of the potential one. This approach, based on the RET, has been tested at field scale (10 ha) with energy fluxes and LST measured with an eddy covariance station in Landriano (Italy). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of linear regression methods as downscaling tools in temperature projections over the Pichola Lake Basin in India
Authors: Goyal Manish Kumar , Ojha C. S. P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, downscaling models are developed using various linear regression approaches, namely direct, forward, backward and stepwise regression, for obtaining projections of mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) to lake‐basin scale in an arid region in India. The effectiveness of these regression approaches is evaluated through application to downscale the predictands for the Pichola lake region in the state of Rajasthan in India, which is considered to be a climatically sensitive region. The predictor variables are extracted from (i) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis dataset for the period 1948–2000 and (ii) the simulations from the third‐generation Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) for emission scenarios A1B, A2, B1 and COMMIT for the period 2001–2100. The selection of important predictor variables becomes a crucial issue for developing downscaling models as reanalysis data are based on a wide range of meteorological measurements and observations. A simple multiplicative shift was used for correcting predictand values. Direct regression was found to yield better performance among all other regression techniques for the training data set, while the forward regression technique performed better in the validation data set, explored in the present study. For trend analysis, the Mann–Kendall non‐parametric test was performed. The results of downscaling models show that an increasing trend is observed for Tmax and Tmin for A1B, A2 and B1 scenarios, whereas no trend is discerned with the COMMIT scenario by using predictors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shared and unique predictors of post‐traumatic growth and distress
Authors: Dekel Sharon , Mandl Christine , Solomon Zahava 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis prospective longitudinal study compared pretraumatic, peritraumatic, and post‐traumatic predictors of post‐traumatic growth (PTG) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A total of 103 Israeli former prisoners of the Yom Kippur War were followed over 30 years. Sociodemographic variables, trauma exposure, reactions in captivity, world assumptions, social support, and personality factors were assessed in 1991, and PTG and PTSD symptoms in 2003. Hierarchical regression modeling showed that although some predictors, namely, loss of control and active coping during captivity, predicted both PTG and PTSD, others predicted one outcome and not the other. Self‐controllability predicted PTG while sociodemographic factors predicted PTSD when controlling for PTSD and PTG, respectively. The findings indicate that salutary and pathogenic trauma outcomes share some but not all precursors, underscoring their multifaceted relationship. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1–12, 2010.
Culture
Authors: Smith Timothy B. , Rodríguez Melanie Domenech , Bernal Guillermo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article summarizes the definitions, means, and research of adapting psychotherapy to clients' cultural backgrounds. We begin by reviewing the prevailing definitions of cultural adaptation and providing a clinical example. We present an original meta‐analysis of 65 experimental and quasi‐experimental studies involving 8,620 participants. The omnibus effect size of d = .46 indicates that treatments specifically adapted for clients of color were moderately more effective with that clientele than traditional treatments. The most effective treatments tended to be those with greater numbers of cultural adaptations. Mental health services targeted to a specific cultural group were several times more effective than those provided to clients from a variety of cultural backgrounds. We recommend a series of research‐supported therapeutic practices that account for clients' culture, with culture‐specific treatments being more effective than generally culture‐sensitive treatments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 67:166–175, 2011.
Circulating carotenoid concentrations are positively correlated with later clutch initiation in Florida Scrub‐Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens)
Authors: Heiss Rebecca S. , Cohen Alan A. , Bowman Reed , Boughton Raoul K. , Bridge Eli , McGraw Kevin J. , Schoech Stephan J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAntioxidants play key roles in preventing free radical damage to various molecules, cells, and tissues, but it is not well understood how variation in antioxidant levels may relate to the reproductive success or health of wild animals. We explored the relationship between circulating antioxidant concentrations and both body condition and timing of reproduction in male and female Florida Scrub‐Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens), a cooperatively breeding passerine bird. We examined whether levels of uric acid, vitamin E, and carotenoids (all potentially important antioxidants) were linked to body condition and timing of reproduction, two measures that are directly related to reproductive success. Antioxidant concentrations were not correlated with body condition, but they were related to timing of first clutch initiation, though not always in the predicted direction. Elevated circulating levels of carotenoids were associated with delayed clutch initiation in female breeders. Relatively higher vitamin E levels in control birds were associated with earlier clutch initiation, whereas male breeders that received long‐term food supplementation had elevated levels of vitamin E and delayed reproduction. Several potential explanations for the link between elevated levels of antioxidants and delayed clutch initiation are discussed. Separate explanations for each sex include, but are not limited to, oxidative stress as a result of territory defense efforts in males, different dietary regimes due to supplementation, and mobilized plasma antioxidants in females that were coping with a stressor. J. Exp. Zool. 315:101–110, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural components and morphogenetic mechanics of the zebrafish yolk extension, a developmental module
Authors: Virta Valerie Christine , Cooper Mark Scott 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe yolk extension (YE) appears to be a novel developmental module that has been inserted into the phylotypic period of teleostean development, specifically in the order Cypriniformes. The zebrafish YE informs the study of morphogenetic movements reshaping ventral tissues because (1) this trait is easily visible, so disruptions are easy to score; (2) its ontogenesis occurs quickly; and (3) the yolk cell isolates the tissues elongating the ventrum from the rest of the embryo, serving as a three‐dimensional in vivo “tissue culture.” We determined that three histological compartments comprise the structural components of the YE: (1) the internal yolk cell; (2) the mesendodermal mantle external to the yolk cell; and (3) the external embryonic integument, consisting of an embryonic epidermis plus enveloping layer cells. These structural components interact with one another in a hierarchical manner, resulting in the morphogenesis of the elongated and tubular embryonic zebrafish ventrum as the cylindrical YE forms. Time‐lapse videomicroscopy and experimental manipulation show that the yolk mass is a cohesive, viscoelastic foam, which resists compression. Moreover, as the mesodermal mantle participates in tubulation of the posterior trunk, Kupffer's Vesicle, the organ of laterality in teleosts, separates from the posterior pole of the yolk syncytial layer. Additionally, the embryonic integument becomes contractile over the posterior yolk cell, constricting the yolk mass to form the YE. These findings constitute an initial assessment of the morphogenetic mechanics underlying formation of the YE developmental module in zebrafish. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:76–92, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of developmental pattern for vertebrate dentitions: an oro‐pharyngeal specific mechanism
Authors: Fraser Gareth J. , Meredith Smith Moya 
Published: November 2010

AbstractClassically the oral dentition with teeth regulated into a successional iterative order was thought to have evolved from the superficial skin denticles migrating into the mouth at the stage when jaws evolved. The canonical view is that the initiation of a pattern order for teeth at the mouth margin required development of a sub‐epithelial, permanent dental lamina. This provided regulated tooth production in advance of functional need, as exemplified by the Chondrichthyes. It had been assumed that teeth in the Osteichthyes form in this way as in tetrapods. However, this has been shown not to be true for many osteichthyan fish where a dental lamina of this kind does not form, but teeth are regularly patterned and replaced. We question the evolutionary origin of pattern information for the dentition driven by new morphological data on spatial initiation of skin denticles in the catshark. We review recent gene expression data for spatio‐temporal order of tooth initiation for Scyliorhinus canicula, selected teleosts in both oral and pharyngeal dentitions, and Neoceratodus forsteri. Although denticles in the chondrichthyan skin appear not to follow a strict pattern order in space and time, tooth replacement in a functional system occurs with precise timing and spatial order. We suggest that the patterning mechanism observed for the oral and pharyngeal dentition is unique to the vertebrate oro‐pharynx and independent of the skin system. Therefore, co‐option of a successional iterative pattern occurred in evolution not from the skin but from mechanisms existing in the oro‐pharynx of now extinct agnathans. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:99–112, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibody‐directed lentiviral gene transduction in early immature hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Zhang Xia , Roth Monica J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe specific and efficient transduction of retroviral particles remains problematic for in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy studies, where the targeting cell population is a heterogeneous bulk population.MethodsPseudotyping lentiviral particles with Sindbis virus envelope (Env) proteins modified with an immunoglobulin Fc‐binding domain presents a method of selecting cells within a mixed population through antibody (Ab)‐mediated targeting. Conditions were tested for targeted lentiviral gene delivery to hematopoietic progenitor cells via Ab‐conjugated envelopes independent of CD34.ResultsConditions to optimize the efficiency of gene delivery were established using the ABCG2 multidrug resistance protein, associated with stem cell phenotypes, as the cell surface target. By varying the proportion of ABCG2 expressing cells in a population, ABCG2‐targeted gene delivery was detectable by flow cytometry when ABCG2+ cells comprised greater than 5% of the population. Conditions that increased the efficiency of gene transfer, including cholesterol independent Env proteins and pH, increased nonspecific gene delivery. The feasibility of this cell‐Ab‐virus sandwich system in targeting transduction in a mixed population was tested in cells derived from human cord blood (CB). Conjugation of viral particles with anti‐CD133 and anti‐ABCG2 hematopoietic stem cell‐associated Ab resulted in targeted gene transfer into early immature hematopoietic progenitor cells. Enhancement was found when the hematopoietic progenitor cells were enriched from CB cells via the depletion of lineage+ committed cells.ConclusionsGene transfer to lineage− early immature hematopoietic progenitors from human umbilical CB was obtained using CD133, ABCG2 or HLA‐1 antibodies conjugated to lentiviruses pseudotyped with modified Sindbis viral Env proteins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel tumour‐specific promoters for transcriptional targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma by herpes simplex virus vectors
Authors: Foka Pelagia , Pourchet Aldo , Hernandez‐Alcoceba Ruben , Doumba Polyxeni P. , Pissas George , Kouvatsis Vlassis , Dalagiorgou Georgia , Kazazi Dorothea , Marconi Peggy , Foschini Mariagiovanna , Manservigi Roberto , Konstadoulakis Manousos M. , Koskinas John , Epstein Alberto L. , Mavromara Penelope 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancer of poor prognosis, with limited success in patient treatment, which it makes an excellent target for gene therapy and viral oncolysis. Accordingly, herpes virus simplex type‐1 (HSV‐1) is one of the most promising viral platforms for transferring therapeutic genes and the development of oncolytic vectors that can target, multiply in, and eradicate hepatoma cells via their lytic cycle. Enhanced efficacy and specificity of HSV‐1‐based vectors towards HCC may be achieved by using HCC‐specific gene promoters to drive selective viral gene expression and accomplish conditional replication and/or to control the expression of therapeutic genes. However, careful verification of promoter function in the context of the replication‐competent HSV‐1 vectors is required. The present study aimed to identify novel HCC‐specific promoters that could efficiently direct transgene expression to HCC cells and maintain their activity during active viral replication.MethodsPublicly available microarray data from human HCC biopsies were analysed in order to detect novel candidate genes induced primarily in HCC compared to normal liver. HCC specificity and promoter activity were evaluated by RT‐PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Additionally, transcriptional activity of promoters was further evaluated in the context of HSV‐1 genome, using luciferase assays in cultured cells and animal models.ResultsEight HCC‐specific genes were characterised in this study: Angiopoietin‐like‐3, Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 8, Vitronectin, Alcohol dehydrogenase 6‐class V, Apolipoprotein B, Fibrinogen beta chain, Inter‐alpha‐globulin‐inhibitor H3 and Inter‐alpha‐globulin‐inhibitor H1. Specific HCC expression and active gene transcription were confirmed in human liver and non‐liver cell lines and further evaluated in primary neoplastic cells from hepatitis C and B virus (HCV‐ and HBV)‐associated HCC patients. High promoter activity and specificity in the presence of HSV‐1 infection and from within the viral genome, was validated, both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsWe identified and experimentally characterized novel hepatoma‐specific promoters, which were valuable for cancer‐specific gene therapy, using HSV‐1 vectors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retinal release from opsin in molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Ting , Duan Yong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe crystal structures of opsin in the ligand‐free and the G‐protein‐interacting states showed two inter‐helical openings between transmembrane (TM) helices TM1 and TM7 and between TM5 and TM6 near the extracellular side that were thought to serve as the retinal uptake and release gates. However, it is unclear which opening is for 11‐cis‐retinal uptake or all‐trans‐retinal release although speculations have been proposed based on the structural features of opsin and retinal. In this work, we simulated the exit process of all‐trans‐retinal from the ligand‐free opsin structure by the classical molecular dynamics (MD) and random acceleration molecular dynamics (RAMD). In the 64 ns classical MD simulation, retinal remained in the receptor but moved significantly toward the TM5‐TM6 opening and almost inserted into the opening after 50 ns. Complete exit was observed in 114 out of 160 RAMD trajectories with the TM5‐TM6 opening being the predominant egress gate while egress from the TM1‐TM7 opening was observed in only a few trajectories when relatively large acceleration was applied and large structural alteration of the protein resulted. These results suggest that photolyzed all‐trans‐retinal is likely released through the TM5‐TM6 opening. Based on the unidirectional mechanism of retinal exchange suggested by experiment, we speculate that the TM1‐TM7 opening serves as the 11‐cis‐retinal uptake gate. The spatial occupancy maps of retinal computed from the 160 RAMD trajectories further indicated that retinal experienced significant interactions with the receptor during the exit process. The implications of these findings for disease mechanisms of rhodopsin mutants are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The combined effects of salinity and nitrogen forms on Catharanthus roseus: The role of internal ammonium and free amino acids during salt stress
Authors: Zhonghua Tang , Yanju Liu , Xiaorui Guo , Yuangang Zu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCatharanthus roseus is widely cultivated at the seaside of Hainan island of China for production of vinblastine with anticancer activity. Improving growth of this plant and vinblastine content under saline conditions is one of the agronomic challenges. In this study, we compare the responses of C. rosesus upon nitrate (N1) or ammonium nitrate (N2) nutrition to salinity. Biomass accumulation, reproductive growth, photosynthetic gas exchange, and the concentrations of soluble sugars (SS), free amino acids (FAA), ammonium (NH$ _4^+ $), sodium (Na+), and vinblastine were determined during 3 weeks of treatment in N1‐control, N1‐salt, N2‐control, and N2‐salt plants. The retarded growth caused by salt stress was largely ameliorated by the N2 nitrogen form. One of the reasons for this improved salt resistance in N2‐salt plants was related to the competitive uptake of NH$ _4^+ $ and Na+. The N2‐salt plants displayed a more rapid response to salinity, leading to decreased transpiration rate, well‐kept water relations, and reduced uptake of Na+. The N2‐control plants rapidly increased the concentrations of soluble sugars and free amino acids, such as sucrose, glucose, proline, and threonine in the first week. These compounds may act as compatible solutes to adjust osmotic stress and retain ion homeostasis in salt‐stressed plants. The increased FAA was found to be at the expense of glutamate accumulation, and the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes were tightly linked with this process. The medical alkaloid vinblastine in C. roseus was significantly increased in N2‐salt plants in the first week and in N1‐salt ones in the third week compared to their controls. It is concluded that the supplied nitrogen regime modified salinity‐induced vinblastine production in a time‐dependent way, and this process was tightly related to NH$ _4^+ $ status.
Timing and duration of growth hiatuses in mid Holocene massive Porites corals from the northern South China Sea
Authors: Yu Ke‐Fu , Zhao Jian‐Xin , Lawrence Michael G. , Feng Yuexing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGrowth hiatuses in massive corals are usually indicative of past ecological or environmental stresses. Among 37 fossil Porites colonies surveyed from the reef flat of Dadonghai fringing reef at Sanya, Hainan Island, northern South China Sea, seven of them were found to show clear evidence of past mortality, representing a population of ∼19%. Among these samples, two of them (SYO‐13 and SYO‐28) display clear growth hiatuses reflecting mortality followed by subsequent recruitment, and five others exhibit a well‐preserved mortality surface and no subsequent recruitment. The growth hiatuses were dated using high‐precision thermal ionisation mass spectrometry U‐series techniques. The age results suggest all the dated corals formed and died in the mid Holocene. Multiple dates below the growth hiatuses suggest that SYO‐13 and SYO‐28 died at 6298 ± 11 and 6929 ± 19 a BP (i.e. years before AD 1950), respectively. Multiple dates above the growth hiatuses indicate that growth in SYO‐13 and SYO‐28 resumed at 6257 ± 14 and 6898 ± 20 a BP, respectively. The calculated durations of growth hiatuses are therefore 41 ± 18 a for SYO‐13 and 31 ± 28 a for SYO‐28, respectively, implying growth resumed within decades after the mortality events. U‐series dating of four other samples with dead heads suggests that they died at 6035 ± 53, 6059 ± 23, 6127 ± 22 and 6474 ± 24 a BP, respectively. In addition, using solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), monthly resolution Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios were determined for the annual growth bands below and above the growth hiatuses for three of the dated samples. The Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca profiles indicate that the three corals probably died in different seasons (from spring to autumn), and the mortality appears to be unrelated to anomalous sea surface temperature‐induced bleaching. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of marked glycogen variations in the characteristic Raman signatures of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Konorov Stanislav O. , Schulze H. Georg , Piret James M. , Turner Robin F. B. , Blades Michael W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have typical Raman signatures, but specific factors that contribute to variations in these signatures have not been reported to date. Furthermore, variations due to the passaging that is necessary for hESC culture maintenance could potentially distort these signatures. It is therefore important to characterize the impact of these culture manipulations on the Raman spectra to gain a better understanding of the origins and nature of their variations. Here we report on the Raman microspectroscopy of hESCs samples from maintenance cultures, complemented with periodic acid Schiff (PAS, carbohydrates) and 4′‐6‐diamidino‐2‐phenlyindol (DAPI, nuclei) staining. The component predominantly responsible for variations between spectra was spectrally identified as glycogen. Variations in the Raman map of the 480 cm−1 glycogen marker band corresponded with those of a PAS stain of the same sample area. The 785‐nm Raman microspectra of hESC cultures examined daily after passaging showed that the same nonrandom spectral variances occurred at all time points after passaging. The pattern of these variances was identified as being due to glycogen spectral components. Our results help validate the previously observed spectral signatures of hESCs and further delineate and characterize the variations that can be expected in these signatures under normal maintenance culture conditions, and aid distinguishing them from those corresponding to differentiation, thus providing a benchmark for future studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.