bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les métaphores dans la publicité scientifique et technique : de la médiation à l'interaction
Authors: Fries-Verdeil Marie-Hélène 
Published: November 2010

Cet article a pour but de tester l'utilité de diverses approches théoriques sur les métaphores, appliquées à l'analyse des images publicitaires. Pour la théorie comparative de la métaphore, qui remonte à Aristote, la médiation réside dans le « travail de la ressemblance » (Ricoeur 1976), et elle permet d'exprimer un concept abstrait par un objet concret (cf. le système memory stick de Sony). Pour la théorie de la substitution, qui a eu son jour de gloire à l'époque classique, une métaphore n'a de rôle qu'ornemental et la médiation consiste alors simplement à la « traduire » en termes littéraux. Dans cette optique, les publicitaires utilisent souvent les métaphores picturales comme accroches, pour attirer l'attention du lecteur (cf. le château de cartes de Wyatt Technology). La théorie interactive de la métaphore (Black 1962) amplifie au contraire la place de la médiation, en postulant que certaines caractéristiques du « foyer » métaphorique se projettent sur le « cadre » littéral qui l'entoure, et vice-versa. L'intérêt devient alors heuristique (cf. les verres spéciaux de Schott). Les résultats montrent donc que même des théories de la métaphore souvent considérées comme dépassées peuvent aider à analyser une image publicitaire, pourvu qu'elles soient en accord avec la stratégie de persuasion utilisée dans ce contexte particulier.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activation Attenuates the TLR2-Mediated Macrophage Proinflammatory Cytokine Response toFrancisella tularensisLive Vaccine Strain
Authors: Medina Edward A. , Morris Ian R. , Berton Michael T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn inadequate innate immune response appears to contribute to the virulence of Francisella tularensis following pulmonary infection. Studies in mice suggest that this poor response results from suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production early during infection, but the mechanisms involved are not understood. PI3K is known to regulate proinflammatory cytokine expression, but its exact role (positive versus negative) is controversial. We sought to clarify the role of PI3K in regulating proinflammatory signaling and cytokine production during infection with F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS). In this study, we demonstrate that the induction of TNF and IL-6 expression by LVS in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages was markedly enhanced when PI3K activity was inhibited by either of the well-known chemical inhibitors, wortmannin or LY294002. The enhanced cytokine expression was accompanied by enhanced activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, both of which were critical for LVS-induced expression of TNF and IL-6. LVS-induced MAPK activation and cytokine production were TLR2- and MyD88- dependent. PI3K/Akt activation was MyD88-dependent, but was surprisingly TLR2-independent. LVS infection also rapidly induced MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression; PI3K and TLR2 signaling were required. Peak levels of MKP-1 correlated closely with the decline in p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These data suggest that infection by LVS restrains the TLR2-triggered proinflammatory response via parallel activation of PI3K, leading to enhanced MKP-1 expression, accelerated deactivation of MAPKs, and suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production. This TLR2-independent inhibitory pathway may be an important mechanism by which Francisella suppresses the host’s innate immune response.
TLR4 through IFN-β Promotes Low Molecular Mass Hyaluronan-Induced Neutrophil Apoptosis
Authors: Leu Shaw-Wei , Shi Liyun , Xu Changqing , Zhao Yili , Liu Baoling , Li Yongqing , Shiedlin Aviva , Xiang Charlie , Shen Huahao , Quinn Deborah A. , Hales Charles A. , Zhao Hang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntratracheal administration of low molecular mass (LMM) hyaluronan (200 kDa) results in greater neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of TLR4−/− mice compared with that in wild-type mice. In general, enhanced neutrophil infiltration in tissue is due to cell influx; however, neutrophil apoptosis also plays an important role. We have assessed the effects of TLR4 in the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis in response to administration of LMM hyaluronan. We found that apoptosis of inflammatory neutrophils is impaired in TLR4−/− mice, an effect that depends upon the IFN-β–mediated TRAIL/TRAILR system. IFN-β levels were decreased in LMM hyaluronan-treated TLR4-deficient neutrophils. The treatment of inflammatory neutrophils with IFN-β enhanced the levels of TRAIL and TRAILR 2. LMM hyaluronan-induced inflammatory neutrophil apoptosis was substantially prevented by anti-TRAIL neutralizing mAb. We conclude that decreased IFN-β levels decrease the activity of the TRAIL/TRAILR system in TLR4-deficient neutrophils, leading to impaired apoptosis of neutrophils and resulting in abnormal accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs of LMM hyaluronan-treated mice. Thus, TLR4 plays a novel homeostatic role in noninfectious lung inflammation by accelerating the elimination of inflammatory neutrophils.
Enhancing Blood-Stage Malaria Subunit Vaccine Immunogenicity in Rhesus Macaques by Combining Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Protein-in-Adjuvant Vaccines
Authors: Draper Simon J. , Biswas Sumi , Spencer Alexandra J. , Remarque Edmond J. , Capone Stefania , Naddeo Mariarosaria , Dicks Matthew D. J. , Faber Bart W. , de Cassan Simone C. , Folgori Antonella , Nicosia Alfredo , Gilbert Sarah C. , Hill Adrian V. S. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Protein-in-adjuvant formulations and viral-vectored vaccines encoding blood-stage malaria Ags have shown efficacy in rodent malaria models and in vitro assays against Plasmodium falciparum. Abs and CD4+ T cell responses are associated with protective efficacy against blood-stage malaria, whereas CD8+ T cells against some classical blood-stage Ags can also have a protective effect against liver-stage parasites. No subunit vaccine strategy alone has generated demonstrable high-level efficacy against blood-stage infection in clinical trials. The induction of high-level Ab responses, as well as potent T and B cell effector and memory populations, is likely to be essential to achieve immediate and sustained protective efficacy in humans. This study describes in detail the immunogenicity of vaccines against P. falciparum apical membrane Ag 1 in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), including the chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (AdCh63), the poxvirus modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), and protein vaccines formulated in Alhydrogel or CoVaccine HT adjuvants. AdCh63-MVA heterologous prime-boost immunization induces strong and long-lasting multifunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses that exhibit a central memory-like phenotype. Three-shot (AdCh63-MVA-protein) or two-shot (AdCh63-protein) regimens induce memory B cells and high-titer functional IgG responses that inhibit the growth of two divergent strains of P. falciparum in vitro. Prior immunization with adenoviral vectors of alternative human or simian serotype does not affect the immunogenicity of the AdCh63 apical membrane Ag 1 vaccine. These data encourage the further clinical development and coadministration of protein and viral vector vaccine platforms in an attempt to induce broad cellular and humoral immune responses against blood-stage malaria Ags in humans.
Periodicity Detection Method for Small-Sample Time Series Datasets
Authors: Tominaga Daisuke 
Published: November 2010

Time series of gene expression often exhibit periodic behavior under the influence of multiple signal pathways, and are represented by a model that incorporates multiple harmonics and noise. Most of these data, which are observed using DNA microarrays, consist of few sampling points in time, but most periodicity detection methods require a relatively large number of sampling points. We have previously developed a detection algorithm based on the discrete Fourier transform and Akaike's information criterion. Here we demonstrate the performance of the algorithm for small-sample time series data through a comparison with conventional and newly proposed periodicity detection methods based on a statistical analysis of the power of harmonics. We show that this method has higher sensitivity for data consisting of multiple harmonics, and is more robust against noise than other methods. Although “combinatorial explosion” occurs for large datasets, the computational time is not a problem for small-sample datasets. The MATLAB/GNU Octave script of the algorithm is available on the author's web site: http://www.cbrc.jp/%7Etominaga/piccolo/ .
An Interaction of the Pre- and Post-Weaning Diets Rich in Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fats Alters Plasma Lipids, Hepatic Gene Expression and Aortic Vascular Reactivity in Adult 057Bl/6 Mice
Authors: Chechi Kanta , McGuire John J. , Cheema Sukhinder K. 
Published: November 2010

Aim To investigate the effects of diets rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) fed during pre- and post-weaning time periods on the lipid metabolism and vascular reactivity in adult C57Bl/6 mice, in order to assess the impact of maternal nutrition and its interaction with the offspring diet on the metabolism of adult offspring. Methods Female C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet enriched with n-6 PUFA (P) or control diet (C) for 2-weeks before, during mating, gestation and lactation, while their pups received either P or C for 8-weeks post-weaning. Results A significant interaction between the maternal and post-weaning diets was observed for the offspring body weight, food-, caloric-intake, plasma lipids, hepatic mRNA expression of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, aortic contractile and relaxation responses ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall metabolic and physiological outcome in the offspring is dependent upon the interaction between the pre- and post-weaning dietary environments.
An Explicit Polynomial Expression for a q-Analogue of the 9- j Symbols
Authors: Rahman Mizan 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Using standard transformation and summation formulas for basic hypergeometric series we obtain an explicit polynomial form of the q-analogue of the 9- j symbols, introduced by the author in a recent publication. We also consider a limiting case in which the 9- j symbol factors into two Hahn polynomials. The same factorization occurs in another limit case of the corresponding q-analogue.
Role stressors, participative control, and subjective fit with organisational values: Main and moderating effects on employee outcomes
Authors: Newton Cameron J , Jimmieson Nerina L 
Published: November 2010

AbstractResearch investigating Karasek's (1979) Demand–Control Model (D-CM) has produced mixed results relating to the stress-buffering effects of job decision latitude, or job control, on employee adjustment. Cited reasons for these mixed results include the way control is operationalised and also the potential effects of secondary moderators in the relationship among job demand, job control, and employee adjustment. Towards addressing these issues, the present study assessed the secondary moderating effects of subjective fit with organisational culture and values in the D-CM. Participation in decision-making was used as the measure of job control. Moderated multiple regression analyses revealed three significant interactions in a sample of 119 employees. The results revealed a three-way interaction between role overload, participative control, and subjective fit on physiological symptoms and psychological health. Further analyses demonstrated a significant interaction between role conflict, participative control, and subjective fit on intentions to leave. In all interactions, participative control buffered the negative effects of the stressors on levels of employee adjustment only when employees' subjective fit with the organisational values was high. The theoretical importance and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Differences between family and non-family SMEs: A comparative study of Australia and Belgium
Authors: Smith Max 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study attempts to further the development of family business theory by providing a more detailed understanding of the differences between family and non-family firms' profitability, growth, exporting and networking behaviour. Utilising data from 2190 Australian SMEs, the study compares the Australian experience of differences between family and non-family firms with those found among Belgium firms. The Australian results are consistent with the growth and some of the networking behaviour found among Belgium firms, but not with their profitability and exporting behaviour. The study's findings support the contentions that the differences between family and non-family firms may be less than many earlier studies have indicated and that industry differences and cross-national differences in corporate governance environments may lead to variances in these differences. It also demonstrates that the underlying theoretical rationale for a number of predicted differences between family and non-family firms appears flawed. These findings indicate that new empirical studies that control for context are urgently needed to ensure the scholarly literature on family businesses is not being built on false assumptions. They also indicate that studies designed to explain differences in the family/non-family business relationship between industries and nations may lead to advances in family business theory.
Ultrahigh-Pressure Angioplasty versus the Peripheral Cutting Balloon™ for Treatment of Stenoses in Autogenous Fistulas: Comparison of Immediate Results
Authors: Kundu Sanjoy , Clemens Rick , Aziza Jonathan , Tam Paul , Nagai Gordon , You John , Au Victoria 
Published: November 2010

Purpose To compare the immediate results of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) balloons vs. peripheral cutting balloons (PCB) for the treatment of stenoses associated with autogenous fistulas using intra-access blood flow measurements. Materials and Methods This prospective randomized study consisted of 22 hemodialysis (HD) patients with autogenous fistulas who had decreased intra-access blood flow (<500 mL/min). All patients underwent a fistulogram and intraprocedural blood flow measurements. Patients were randomized once into two groups; one group undergoing UHP angioplasty and the second group undergoing PCB angioplasty. Randomization occurred once after the diagnostic fistulogram and each patient in each arm only underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with either UHP or PCB. The study cohort consisted of 12 patients in the UHP group and 10 patients in the PCB group. Data collected included fistula anatomy, degree of stenosis, length of stenosis, balloon specifications and residual stenosis. Results The 22 study patients underwent 35 angioplasty procedures; 23 in the UHP group (12 patients) and 12 in the PCB group (10 patients). The technical success rate was 91%. The pre-intervention mean blood flow was 288 mL/min in the UHP group and 391 mL/min in the PCB group. The post-intervention mean blood flow was 613 mL/min in the UHP group and 606 mL/min in the PCB group. The mean increase in blood flow was 325.8 mL/min in the UHP group and 213 mL/min in the PCB group. This represents a relative mean increase in blood flow of 253% in the UHP group and 85% in the PCB group. An unpaired t-test showed there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to pre-flow, post-flow, and mean and relative mean increase in flow. There were two failures; one in the UHP group and one in the PCB group. There was one minor complication (2.8%) but no major complications. Conclusions In this small group of HD patients with autogenous fistulas our comparison of UHP to the PCB demonstrated that the immediate results, as determined by measurement of intra-access blood flow, were equivalent. Further long-term follow-up will be required to determine the longevity of these results
Central Vein Stenosis or Occlusion Associated with Cardiac Rhythm Management Device Leads in Hemodialysis Patients with Ipsilateral Arteriovenous Access: A Retrospective Study of Treatment Using Stents or Stent-Grafts
Authors: Saad Theodore F. , Myers G. Robert , Cicone Jeffrey 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Symptomatic central vein stenosis commonly occurs when cardiac rhythm management device (CRMD) leads are placed via the subclavian vein ipsilateral to arteriovenous (AV) hemodialysis (HD) access. The purposes of this study were to determine the outcomes, complications, and patency following stenting of CRMD lead-associated central vein stenosis or occlusion, and to determine the effect of stents on CRMD function. Methods Fourteen HD patients with AV access and an ipsilateral CRMD were treated with stents for symptomatic central vein stenosis or occlusion following inadequate response to angioplasty from January 2005 to December 2009. Subsequent access interventions, complications, and outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Cardiology records were examined to assess CRMD function. Results Treatment of stenosis or occlusion with angioplasty and stenting resulted in 100% procedural success and no complications. At 6 and 12 months, respectively, primary patency rates were 45.5% and 9.0%; primary-assisted patency rates were 90.9% and 80.0%; secondary patency rates were 100% and 90.0%. There were 42 repeat interventions performed in 12 patients; five received additional stents. The mean number of subsequent interventions was 3.2 per patient (2.1 per patient-year). All CRMD testing demonstrated normal function with no device or lead failure. Seven of the 14 subjects died resulting in a 35.3% annual mortality rate. No deaths were attributable to dysrhythmia or CRMD failure and no patient required CRMD removal or exchange. Conclusions Placement of stents for CRMD lead-associated stenosis or occlusion yields high success and low complication rates with no effect on CRMD function. Patency rates are similar to those reported in other series of central venous stents.
Clinical Outcome of Overlapping Stents in Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Chan Micah R. , Yevzlin Alexander S. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Endovascular stents have recently been shown to extend access patency in thrombosed and stenotic arteriovenous grafts. Given this improved patency, stent placement has outpaced balloon angioplasty in hemodialysis (HD) access interventions. However, concern remains over localized corrosion and increased neointimal hyperplasia of overlapping stents in the access circuit and whether this promotes premature stent failure. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of HD patients referred for access dysfunction during a 2-yr period. Using a prospectively collected, vascular access database, we identified 76 patients seen for follow-up angiography due to access dysfunction after stent placement. We compared the outcomes of overlapping vs. non-overlapping stents in measured primary assisted patency and mean percent luminal diameter as a marker of lesion severity. Results The two groups did not differ significantly in demographics or comorbid conditions. Only gender had a significant discrepancy between the two groups, with 65.5% vs. 42.9% male (p=0.01) in the overlapping vs. non-overlapping stent groups, respectively. The mean percent luminal stenosis was found to be 83.7 ± 17.3 and 85.5 ± 12.6 (p=0.55) for the overlapping vs. non-overlapping stent groups, respectively. For overlapping and non-overlapping stents, 30-day primary patency was 94% and 89%, respectively, 60-day primary patency was 77% and 63%, respectively, and 90-day primary patency was 68% and 50%, respectively. Using multiple regression analysis, no risk factors were identified to be associated with the severity of luminal stenosis. No identifiable risk factors were found to be associated with improved primary patency. In particular, overlapping vs. non-overlapping stents were not identified as a statistically significant factor influencing primary (assisted) patency (hazards ratio 0.60; 95% cI 0.34 to 1.06; p>0.05). Conclusions This study provides evidence that the theoretical concern of metal on metal corrosion and increased neointimal hyperplasia that can be seen with overlapping stents does not play a significant clinical role.
Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Catheter Placement by Surgical Trainees: A Safe Procedure?
Authors: Hameeteman Marijn , Bode Aron S. , Peppelenbosch Arnoud G. , Van der Sande Frank M. , Tordoir Jan H.M. 
Published: November 2010

Background Central venous catheters (CVCs) are widely used to create a temporary or long-term access to the central venous system. A variety of treatments require a functional central venous access, including hemodialysis, administration of drugs, plasmapheresis and parenteral nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of CVC placement performed by surgical trainees, according to a strict protocol of ultrasound-guided puncture and fluoroscopy-guided catheter insertion in a large teaching hospital in an outpatient setting. Methods Between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2008, 539 CVCs were placed, of which 486 were primary inserted by surgical trainees. All placements were ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided. After every placement operators recorded type of catheter, type of anesthesia, subcutaneous tunneling, technique of insertion and complications. Results The study population consisted of 52% males. Access sites of CVCs were the internal jugular vein (91%), subclavian vein (5%) and other veins (3%). Technical success rate was 96.5%. Complication rate was 8.4%, of which 93% were arterial punctures. Pneumothorax occurred in three patients. Conclusions CVC placement by surgical trainees is a safe procedure when using a strict protocol of ultrasound-guided vessel puncture and fluoroscopic-guided catheter placement.
Endothelial Function Predicts Positive Arterial-Venous Fistula Remodeling in Subjects with Stage IV and V Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Owens Christopher D. , Wake Nicole , Min Kim Ji , Hentschel Dirk , Conte Michael S. , Schanzer Andres 
Published: November 2010

Purpose The maturation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) requires remodeling of the arterial inflow and the venous outflow limbs to sustain flows sufficient to support hemodialysis. However, factors influencing remodeling of AVF are poorly understood. We hypothesized that AVF remodeling was an endothelium-dependent process. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of patients (n=25) undergoing autologous AVF formation. Brachial artery vasoreactivity studies were performed pre-operatively to assess endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). High-resolution ultrasound was used to assess venous and arterial diameters intraoperatively, and at 3 months. Results The mean age was 64.5 ± 13.6 yrs. Twelve patients (48%) had diabetes. The mean FMD for the entire cohort was (mean ± SEM) 5.82 ± 0.9%, (range) 0–17.3%. The vein increased in size 3.19 ± .28 to 6.11 ± .41 mm, 108.4 ± 17.9%, p=.0001, while the artery increased from 3.29 ± .14 to 4.48 ± .30 mm, 20.47 ± 10.8%, p=.013. There was a significant positive correlation between the degree of arterial and venous remodeling, r=.52, p=.023. Brachial artery FMD most strongly correlated with the magnitude of arterial remodeling, r=.47, p=.038. Patients with diabetes failed to undergo venous remodeling to the same extent as did those without diabetes, 59.2 ± 24.4% vs. 141.5 ± 25.4%, p=.04. Conclusion Impairment of endothelial function is associated with decreased arterial remodeling and final venous lumen diameter attained at 3 months. Further investigation is needed to determine whether modulation of endothelial function in this cohort can improve AVF maturation.