bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat Grain Development Is Characterized by Remarkable Trehalose 6-Phosphate Accumulation Pregrain Filling: Tissue Distribution and Relationship to SNF1-Related Protein Kinase1 Activity
Authors: Martínez-Barajas Eleazar , Delatte Thierry , Schluepmann Henriette , de Jong Gerhardus J. , Somsen Govert W. , Nunes Cátia , Primavesi Lucia F. , Coello Patricia , Mitchell Rowan A.C. , Paul Matthew J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) is a sugar signal that regulates metabolism, growth, and development and inhibits the central regulatory SNF1-related protein kinase1 (SnRK1; AKIN10/AKIN11). To better understand the mechanism in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain, we analyze T6P content and SnRK1 activities. T6P levels changed 178-fold 1 to 45 d after anthesis (DAA), correlating with sucrose content. T6P ranged from 78 nmol g−1 fresh weight (FW) pregrain filling, around 100-fold higher than previously reported in plants, to 0.4 nmol g−1 FW during the desiccation stage. In contrast, maximum SnRK1 activity changed only 3-fold but was inhibited strongly by T6P in vitro. To assess SnRK1 activity in vivo, homologs of SnRK1 marker genes in the wheat transcriptome were identified using Wheat Estimated Transcript Server. SnRK1-induced and -repressed marker genes were expressed differently pregrain filling compared to grain filling consistent with changes in T6P. To investigate this further maternal and filial tissues were compared pre- (7 DAA) and during grain filling (17 DAA). Strikingly, in vitro SnRK1 activity was similar in all tissues in contrast to large changes in tissue distribution of T6P. At 7 DAA T6P was 49 to 119 nmol g−1 FW in filial and maternal tissues sufficient to inhibit SnRK1; at 17 DAA T6P accumulation was almost exclusively endospermal (43 nmol g−1 FW) with 0.6 to 0.8 nmol T6P g−1 FW in embryo and pericarp. The data show a correlation between T6P and sucrose overall that belies a marked effect of tissue type and developmental stage on T6P content, consistent with tissue-specific regulation of SnRK1 by T6P in wheat grain.
Transcriptome and Metabolite Profiling Show That APETALA2a Is a Major Regulator of Tomato Fruit Ripening
Authors: Karlova Rumyana , Rosin Faye M. , Busscher-Lange Jacqueline , Parapunova Violeta , Do Phuc T. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Fraser Paul D. , Baxter Charles , Angenent Gerco C. , de Maagd Ruud A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) requires the coordination of both developmental cues as well as the plant hormone ethylene. Although the role of ethylene in mediating climacteric ripening has been established, knowledge regarding the developmental regulators that modulate the involvement of ethylene in tomato fruit ripening is still lacking. Here, we show that the tomato APETALA2a (AP2a) transcription factor regulates fruit ripening via regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated repression of AP2a resulted in alterations in fruit shape, orange ripe fruits, and altered carotenoid accumulation. Microarray expression analyses of the ripe AP2 RNAi fruits showed altered expression of genes involved in various metabolic pathways, such as the phenylpropanoid and carotenoid pathways, as well as in hormone synthesis and perception. Genes involved in chromoplast differentiation and other ripening-associated processes were also differentially expressed, but softening and ethylene biosynthesis occurred in the transgenic plants. Ripening regulators RIPENING-INHIBITOR, NON-RIPENING, and COLORLESS NON-RIPENING (CNR) function upstream of AP2a and positively regulate its expression. In the pericarp of AP2 RNAi fruits, mRNA levels of CNR were elevated, indicating that AP2a and CNR are part of a negative feedback loop in the regulation of ripening. Moreover, we demonstrated that CNR binds to the promoter of AP2a in vitro.
The MYB96 Transcription Factor Regulates Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis under Drought Conditions inArabidopsis
Authors: Seo Pil Joon , Lee Saet Buyl , Suh Mi Chung , Park Mi-Jeong , Go Young Sam , Park Chung-Mo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDrought stress activates several defense responses in plants, such as stomatal closure, maintenance of root water uptake, and synthesis of osmoprotectants. Accumulating evidence suggests that deposition of cuticular waxes is also associated with plant responses to cellular dehydration. Yet, how cuticular wax biosynthesis is regulated in response to drought is unknown. We have recently reported that an Arabidopsis thaliana abscisic acid (ABA)–responsive R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, MYB96, promotes drought resistance. Here, we show that transcriptional activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis by MYB96 contributes to drought resistance. Microarray assays showed that a group of wax biosynthetic genes is upregulated in the activation-tagged myb96-1D mutant but downregulated in the MYB96-deficient myb96-1 mutant. Cuticular wax accumulation was altered accordingly in the mutants. In addition, activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis by drought and ABA requires MYB96. By contrast, biosynthesis of cutin monomers was only marginally affected in the mutants. Notably, the MYB96 protein acts as a transcriptional activator of genes encoding very-long-chain fatty acid–condensing enzymes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis by directly binding to conserved sequence motifs present in the gene promoters. These results demonstrate that ABA-mediated MYB96 activation of cuticular wax biosynthesis serves as a drought resistance mechanism.
What impact have tobacco control policies, cigarette price and tobacco control programme funding had on Australian adolescents' smoking? Findings over a 15‐year period
Authors: White Victoria M. , Warne Charles D. , Spittal Matthew J. , Durkin Sarah , Purcell Kate , Wakefield Melanie A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To assess the impact of tobacco control policies relating to youth access, clean indoor air and tobacco advertising at point‐of‐sale and outdoors, in addition to cigarette price and per capita tobacco control spending, on adolescent smoking prevalence.Design  Repeated cross‐sectional surveys. Logistic regression analyses examined association between policies and smoking prevalence.Setting  Australia, 1990–2005.Participants  A nationally representative sample of secondary students (aged 12–17 years) participating in a triennial survey (sample size per survey range: 20 560 to 27 480).Measurements  Students' report of past‐month smoking. In each jurisdiction, extent of implementation of the three policies for the year of the survey was determined. For each survey year, national per capita tobacco control spending was determined and jurisdiction‐specific 12‐month change in cigarette price obtained.Findings  Extent of implementation of the three policy areas varied between states and over the survey years. Multivariate analyses that adjusted for demographic factors, year and all tobacco control variables showed that 12‐month cigarette price increases [odds ratio (OR): 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97–0.99], greater per capita tobacco control spending (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99) and stronger implementation of clean indoor air policies (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.92–0.94) were associated with reduced smoking prevalence.Conclusions  Adult‐directed, population‐based tobacco control policies such as clean indoor air laws and increased prices of cigarettes, implemented as part of a well‐funded comprehensive tobacco control programme are associated with lower adolescent smoking.
Resuscitation in massive obstetric haemorrhage using an intraosseous needle*
Authors: Chatterjee D. J. , Bukunola B. , Samuels T. L. , Induruwage L. , Uncles D. R. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryA 38‐year‐old woman experienced a massive postpartum haemorrhage 30 minutes after emergency caesarean delivery. The patient became severely haemodynamically compromised with an unrecordable blood pressure. Rapid fluid resuscitation was limited by the capacity of the intravenous cannula in place at the time and inability to establish additional vascular access using conventional routes in a timely manner. An intraosseous needle was inserted in the proximal humerus at the first attempt and administration of resuscitation fluid by this route subsequently enabled successful placement of further intravenous lines. Blood and blood products were deployed in conjunction with intra‐operative cell salvage and transoesophageal Doppler cardiac output monitoring was used to assess adequacy of volume replacement. Haemorrhage control was finally achieved with the use of recombinant factor VIIa and hysterectomy.
The effect of combining dexamethasone with ondansetron for nausea and vomiting associated with fentanyl‐based intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia*
Authors: Song J. W. , Park E. Y. , Lee J. G. , Park Y. S. , Kang B. C. , Shim Y. H. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryWe investigated whether combined dexamethasone and ondansetron is more effective than ondansetron alone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with fentanyl‐based intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia. One hundred and thirty patients undergoing video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery were assigned to either an ondansetron group or a dexamethasone and ondansetron group. In all patients, ondansetron 4 mg was administered at the end of surgery and 12 mg was added to the patient‐controlled analgesia solution. The dexamethasone and ondansetron group received dexamethasone 8 mg at the induction of anaesthesia. The overall incidence of nausea and vomiting during the first 48 h postoperatively did not differ between groups (34/61 (56%) vs 28/62 (45%) in the ondansetron group and dexamethasone and ondansetron groups, respectively). The incidence of severe nausea and vomiting (≥ 7 nausea on an 11‐point verbal numerical rating scale, retching or vomiting) was higher in the ondansetron group than in the dexamethasone and ondansetron group (15/61 (25%) vs 6/62 (10%, respectively, p = 0.028). Combined dexamethasone and ondansetron is more effective in reducing severe nausea and vomiting than ondansetron alone in patients receiving fentanyl‐based intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia.
Genome‐wide association mapping in Norwegian Red cattle identifies quantitative trait loci for fertility and milk production on BTA12
Authors: Olsen H. G. , Hayes B. J. , Kent M. P. , Nome T. , Svendsen M. , Larsgard A. G. , Lien S. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryReproductive performance is a critical trait in dairy cattle. Poor reproductive performance leads to prolonged calving intervals, higher culling rates and extra expenses related to multiple inseminations, veterinary treatments and replacements. Genetic gain for improved reproduction through traditional selection is often slow because of low heritability and negative correlations with production traits. Detection of DNA markers associated with improved reproductive performance through genome‐wide association studies could lead to genetic gain that is more balanced between fertility and production. Norwegian Red cattle are well suited for such studies, as very large numbers of detailed reproduction records are available. We conducted a genome‐wide association study for non‐return rate, fertility treatments and retained placenta using almost 1 million records on these traits and 17 343 genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. Genotyping costs were minimized by genotyping the sires of the cows recorded and by using daughter averages as phenotypes. The genotyped sires were assigned to either a discovery or a validation population. Associations were only considered to be validated if they were significant in both groups. Strong associations were found and validated on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 12. Several of these were highly supported by findings in other studies. The most important result was an association for non‐return rate in heifers in a region of BTA12 where several associations for milk production traits have previously been found. Subsequent fine‐mapping verified the presence of a quantitative trait loci (QTL) having opposing effects on non‐return rate and milk production at 18 Mb. The other reproduction QTL did not have pleiotropic effects on milk production, and these are therefore of considerable interest for use in marker‐assisted selection.
Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei ST11 on a nasal provocation test with grass pollen in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Wassenberg J. , Nutten S. , Audran R. , Barbier N. , Aubert V. , Moulin J. , Mercenier A. , Spertini F. 
Published: March 2011

Cite this as: J. Wassenberg, S. Nutten, R. Audran, N. Barbier, V. Aubert, J. Moulin, A. Mercenier and F. Spertini, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 565–573.SummaryBackground
Probiotics have been associated with prevention and improvement of symptoms in atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis. However, few studies exist that document their efficacy for upper airways allergies such as allergic rhinitis.Objective
To investigate the effect of short‐term oral administration of Lactobacillus paracasei ST11 on a nasal provocation test (NPT) with grass pollen.Methods
Thirty‐one adult volunteers with allergic rhinitis were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, based on two 4‐week cross‐over periods of product consumption (ST11‐fermented milk vs. placebo), separated by a wash‐out period of 6–8 weeks. Objective and subjective clinical parameters of NPT as well as systemic and nasal immunological parameters were compared between the two treatment periods (registration number: NCT 011 50 253).Results
Subjects that received ST11‐fermented milk had lower nasal congestion than subjects under placebo (visual analogical scale; P<0.05). Nasal pruritus followed the same trend. However, no significant change in combined nasal reaction threshold was observed between the two periods. IL‐5 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum allergen‐specific IgG4 were significantly lower in ST11‐fermented milk group compared to placebo group. IL‐8 and IL‐10 secretion followed the same trend.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
Short‐term treatment with ST11‐fermented milk before NPT significantly improved a clinical marker of NPT (subjective nasal congestion) and down‐regulated systemic immune markers (IL‐5 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum IgG4). These data strongly suggest that probiotics may down modulate key parameters of allergic rhinitis and warrant future evaluation in seasonal trials.
Online version of the food allergy quality of life questionnaire–adult form: validity, feasibility and cross‐cultural comparison
Authors: Goossens N. J. , Flokstra‐de Blok B. M. J. , Vlieg‐Boerstra B. J. , Duiverman E. J. , Weiss C. C. , Furlong T. J. , Dubois A. E. J. 
Published: March 2011

Cite this as: N. J. Goossens, B. M. J. Flokstra‐de Blok, B. J. Vlieg‐Boerstra, E. J. Duiverman, C. C. Weiss, T. J. Furlong and A. E. J. Dubois, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 574–581.SummaryBackground
Food‐allergic reactions occur in 3–4% of the adult population in Western countries. It has been shown that food allergy may impair health‐related quality of life (HRQL). Food allergy quality of life questionnaires (FAQLQs) have been developed and validated, including an adult form (FAQLQ‐AF). These questionnaires may be particularly useful for cross‐cultural comparisons.Objectives
The aims of this study were to translate the FAQLQ‐AF from Dutch into English and validate an online version in the United States. Additionally, HRQL of American and Dutch food‐allergic adults was compared.Methods
The Dutch FAQLQ‐AF was translated into English as set out by the World Health Organization and converted to an electronic online format. Participants (food allergic American adults) were recruited through the ‘Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network’ website and completed the questionnaire online. Construct validity, internal consistency, discriminative ability and feasibility were analysed. A cross‐cultural comparison was made using the Dutch FAQLQ‐AF scores.Results
Data from 180 American participants were analysed. The online FAQLQ‐AF had a good construct validity (correlation with FAIM: ρ=0.72; P<0.001), internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.95) and was discriminative for ‘anaphylaxis’ vs. ‘no anaphylaxis’ and ‘number of food allergies’. The most striking finding was a significantly greater impairment in HRQL in the American participants, as compared with their Dutch counterparts (the total FAQLQ‐AF scores were 4.3 vs. 3.5, respectively; P<0.001, where 1 signifies no impairment and 7 signifies extreme impairment in HRQL).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The online American FAQLQ‐AF is a valid instrument to measure HRQL in food‐allergic patients in the United States. Additionally, HRQL of American food‐allergic adults may be more impaired than Dutch food‐allergic adults. The FAQLQ‐AF can now be used to determine the HRQL in American food‐allergic adults and can assist clinicians in optimizing management strategies for food‐allergic patients.
Oxidative stress‐induced glucocorticoid resistance is prevented by dual PDE3/PDE4 inhibition in human alveolar macrophages
Authors: Milara J. , Navarro A. , Almudéver P. , Lluch J. , Morcillo E. J. , Cortijo J. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryBackground
Oxidative stress is present in airway diseases such as severe asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and contributes to the low response to glucocorticoids through the down‐regulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity.Objective
To study the effects of the phosphodiesterase (PDE)‐3 and 4 inhibitors and their combination vs. glucocorticoids in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cytokine release in alveolar macrophages under oxidative stress conditions.Methods
Differentiated U937 or human alveolar macrophages were stimulated with H2O2 (10–1000 μm) or cigarette smoke extract (CSE, 0–15%) for 4 h before LPS (0.5 μg/mL, 24 h) addition. In other experiments, cells were pre‐treated with dexamethasone or budesonide (10−9–10−6 m), with the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram (10−9–10−5 m), PDE3 inhibitor motapizone (10 μm), 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate enhancer PGE2 (10 nm), or with the combination of rolipram (10−6 m)+PGE2 (10 nm)+motapizone (10 μm) 15 min before oxidants. IL‐8 and TNF‐α were measured by ELISA and HDAC activity by a colorimetric assay.Results
Budesonide and dexamethasone produced a concentration‐dependent inhibition of the LPS‐induced IL‐8 and TNF‐α secretion with an Emax about 90% of inhibition, which was reduced by approximately 30% in the presence of H2O2 or CSE. Pre‐treatment with rolipram, motapizone or PGE2 only reached about 20% of inhibition but was not affected by oxidative stress. In contrast, PDE4/PDE3 combination in presence of PGE2 effectively inhibited the LPS‐induced cytokine secretion by about 90% and was not affected by oxidative stress. Combined PDE4 and PDE3 inhibition reversed glucocorticoid resistance under oxidative stress conditions. HDAC activity was reduced in the presence of oxidative stress, and in contrast to glucocorticoids, pre‐treatment with PDE4/PDE3 combination was able to prevent HDAC inactivity.Conclusions & Clinical Relevance
This study shows that the combination of the PDE3/PDE4 inhibitors prevents alveolar macrophage activation in those situations of glucocorticoid resistance, which may be of potential interest to develop new effective anti‐inflammatory drugs in airway diseases. Cite this as: J. Milara, A. Navarro, P. Almudéver, J. Lluch, E. J. Morcillo and J. Cortijo, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 535–546.
Asthma and ageing: an end user's perspective ‐ the perception and problems with the management of asthma in the elderly
Authors: Jones S. C. , Iverson D. , Burns P. , Evers U. , Caputi P. , Morgan S. 
Published: March 2011

Cite this as: S. C. Jones, D. Iverson, P. Burns, U. Evers, P. Caputi and S. Morgan, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 471–481.SummaryDespite the high prevalence of asthma in the elderly, its development, diagnosis, and treatment are under‐researched. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge in relation to management of asthma in the elderly – focusing on barriers to diagnosis and treatment and the central role of self‐management. Asthma prevalence increases with age, as does the risk of dying from asthma, and with the ageing of the population and increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of (diagnosed and undiagnosed) asthma in older adults is expected to increase drastically, placing an increasing burden on sufferers, the community and health budgets. Asthma sufferers are more likely to be psychologically distressed and at a higher risk of anxiety and depression, more likely to experience a sense of lack of control over their health and to have lower self‐reported quality of life. Asthma is under‐diagnosed, and under‐treated, in the elderly, further exacerbating these negative consequences. The review concludes, among other things, that there is a need to better understand the development and impact of asthma in the elderly, to increase community awareness of asthma in the elderly, to improve both ‘medical management’ and ‘self‐management’ in this population and to develop more effective tools for diagnosis and treatment of asthma in the elderly. The paper concludes with key recommendations for future research and practice in this area.
Epitope specificity of myeloperoxidase antibodies: identification of candidate human immunodominant epitopes
Authors: Bruner B F , Vista E S , Wynn D M , James J A 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAnti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) are a common feature of systemic vasculitides and have been classified as autoimmune conditions based, in part, on these autoantibodies. ANCA are subdivided further based on their primary target: cytoplasm (c-ANCA) or perinuclear region (p-ANCA). p-ANCAs commonly target myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme with microbicidal and degradative activity. MPO antibodies are non-specific for any single disease and found in a variety of vasculitides, most commonly microscopic polyangiitis. Despite their prevalence, their role in human disease pathogenesis remains undefined. We sought to characterize the sequential antigenic determinants of MPO in vasculitis patients with p-ANCA. Of 68 patients with significant levels of p-ANCA, 12 have significant levels of MPO antibodies and were selected for fine specificity epitope mapping. Sequential antigenic targets, including those containing amino acids (aa) 213–222 (WTPGVKRNGF) and aa 511–522 (RLDNRYQPMEPN), were commonly targeted with a prevalence ranging from 33% to 58%. Subsequent analysis of autoantibody binding to the RLDNRYQPMEPN peptide was assessed using a confirmatory enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format, with six patients displaying significant binding using this method. Antibodies against this epitope, along with four others (aa 393–402, aa 437–446, aa 479–488 and aa 717–726), were reactive to the heavy chain structure of the MPO protein. One epitope, GSASPMELLS (aa 91–100), was within the pro-peptide structure of MPO. B cell epitope prediction algorithms identified all or part of the seven epitopes defined. These results provide major common human anti-MPO immunodominant antigenic targets which can be used to examine further the potential pathogenic mechanisms for these autoantibodies.
The tumour necrosis factor/TNF receptor superfamily: therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Vinay D S , Kwon B S 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAutoimmune diseases are characterized by the body's ability to mount immune attacks on self. This results from recognition of self-proteins and leads to organ damage due to increased production of pathogenic inflammatory molecules and autoantibodies. Over the years, several new potential therapeutic targets have been identified in autoimmune diseases, notable among which are members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. Here, we review the evidence that certain key members of this superfamily can augment/suppress autoimmune diseases.