bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct current insulator‐based dielectrophoretic characterization of erythrocytes: ABO‐Rh human blood typing
Authors: Srivastava Soumya K. , Artemiou Andreas , Minerick Adrienne R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA microfluidic platform developed for quantifying the dependence of erythrocyte (red blood cell, RBC) responses by ABO‐Rh blood type via direct current insulator dielectrophoresis (DC‐iDEP) is presented. The PDMS DC‐iDEP device utilized a 400×170 μm2 rectangular insulating obstacle embedded in a 1.46‐cm long, 200‐μm wide inlet channel to create spatial non‐uniformities in direct current (DC) electric field density realized by separation into four outlet channels. The DC‐iDEP flow behaviors were investigated for all eight blood types (A+, A−, B+, B−, AB+, AB−, O+, O−) in the human ABO‐Rh blood typing system. Three independent donors of each blood type, same donor reproducibility, different conductivity buffers (0.52–9.1 mS/cm), and DC electric fields (17.1–68.5 V/cm) were tested to investigate separation dependencies. The data analysis was conducted from image intensity profiles across inlet and outlet channels in the device. Individual channel fractions suggest that the dielectrophoretic force experienced by the cells is dependent on erythrocyte antigen expression. Two different statistical analysis methods were conducted to determine how distinguishable a single blood type was from the others. Results indicate that channel fraction distributions differ by ABO‐Rh blood types suggesting that antigens present on the erythrocyte membrane polarize differently in DC‐iDEP fields. Under optimized conductivity and field conditions, certain blind blood samples could be sorted with low misclassification rates.
Electrochemical switchable protein‐based optical device
Authors: Frasca Stefano , Richter Claudia , von Graberg Till , Smarsly Bernd M. , Wollenberger Ulla 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe present work contributes to the development of reusable sensing systems with a visual evaluation of the detection process related to an analyte. An electrochemical switchable protein‐based optical device was designed with the core part composed of cytochrome c immobilized in a mesoporous indium tin oxide film. A color‐developing redox‐sensitive dye was used as switchable component of the system. The cytochrome c‐catalyzed oxidation of the dye by hydrogen peroxide is spectroscopically investigated. When the dye is co‐immobilized with the protein, its redox state is easily controlled by application of an electrical potential at the supporting material. This enables to electrochemically reset the system to the initial state and repetitive signal generation. The implemented reset function of the color forming reaction will make calibration of small test devices possible. The principle can be extended to other color forming redox reactions and to coupled enzyme systems, such as rapid food testing and indication of critical concentrations of metabolites for health care.
EGFR mutations in non‐small‐cell lung cancer among smokers and non‐smokers: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ren Jing‐Hua , He Wen‐Shan , Yan Guo‐Li , Jin Min , Yang Kun‐Yu , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMounting evidence has suggested somatic mutations in the EGFR gene are associated with better responsiveness to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Some, but not all, studies have reported that the mutations were more frequently observed in patients without a smoking history. To comprehensively address this issue, we performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the association between cigarette‐smoking history and mutation of the EGFR gene in NSCLC. Twenty‐six studies, involving 3,688 patients with NSCLC were included in the analysis. The pooled analysis shows that the incidence of EGFR mutations in NSCLC differs according to cigarette‐smoking history. The odds ratio (OR) for the EGFR mutation in non‐smokers relative to smokers was 4.829 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.598–6.482; P < 0.001). These data may assist clinicians in assessing the likelihood of EGFR mutations in patients with NSCLC when mutational analysis is not feasible. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurodegeneration and functional impairments associated with glycogen synthase accumulation in a mouse model of Lafora disease
Authors: Valles‐Ortega Jordi , Duran Jordi , Garcia‐Rocha Mar , Bosch Carles , Saez Isabel , Pujadas Lluís , Serafin Anna , Cañas Xavier , Soriano Eduardo , Delgado‐García José M. , Gruart Agnès , Guinovart Joan J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLafora disease (LD) is caused by mutations in either the laforin or malin gene. The hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of polyglucosan inclusions called Lafora Bodies (LBs). Malin knockout (KO) mice present polyglucosan accumulations in several brain areas, as do patients of LD. These structures are abundant in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Here, we report a large increase in glycogen synthase (GS) in these mice, in which the enzyme accumulates in LBs. Our study focused on the hippocampus where, under physiological conditions, astrocytes and parvalbumin‐positive (PV+) interneurons expressed GS and malin. Although LBs have been described only in neurons, we found this polyglucosan accumulation in the astrocytes of the KO mice. They also had LBs in the soma and some processes of PV+ interneurons. This phenomenon was accompanied by the progressive loss of these neuronal cells and, importantly, neurophysiological alterations potentially related to impairment of hippocampal function. Our results emphasize the relevance of the laforin–malin complex in the control of glycogen metabolism and highlight altered glycogen accumulation as a key contributor to neurodegeneration in LD.
Nutrient loss with runoff from fairway turf: An evaluation of core cultivation practices and their environmental impact
Authors: Rice Pamela J , Horgan Brian P 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The presence of excess nutrients in surface waters can result in undesirable environmental and economic consequences, including nuisance algal blooms and eutrophication. Fertilizer use in highly managed turf systems has raised questions concerning the contribution of nutrients to surrounding surface waters. Experiments were designed to quantify phosphorus and nitrogen transport with runoff from turf plots maintained as a golf course fairway to identify which cultural practice, solid tine (ST) or hollow tine (HT) core cultivation, maximized phosphorus and nitrogen retention at the site of fertilizer application. Simulated precipitation and collection of resulting runoff were completed 26 ± 13 h following granular fertilizer application (18-3-18: N-P2O5-K2O) and 63 d and 2 d following core cultivation. Runoff volumes were reduced in fairway turf plots aerated with HT relative to ST (63 d: 10%, 2 d: 55% reduction). Analysis of the runoff revealed a reduction in soluble phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen losses with runoff from plots managed with HT; a 5 to 27% reduction after 63 d; and a 39 to 77% reduction at 2 d. Golf course runoff-to-surface water scenarios were used to calculate estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water receiving runoff from turf managed with ST or HT core cultivation. Surface water concentrations of phosphorus remained above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's water quality criteria to limit eutrophication, with the exception of concentrations associated with HT core cultivation at 2 d. Regardless of management practice (ST or HT) and time between core cultivation and runoff (63 d or 2 d), all EECs of nitrogen were below levels associated with increased algal growth. Understanding nutrient transport with runoff and identifying strategies that reduce off-site transport will increase their effectiveness at intended sites of application and minimize undesirable effects to surrounding surface water resources. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2473–2480. © 2011 SETAC
Vitellogenin induction by 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol in male Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)
Authors: Woods Marianne , Kumar Anupama 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA and plasma protein assays were developed for the Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis), a native freshwater fish species in Australia. Adult male Murray rainbowfish were exposed to 17β-estradiol (E2) or 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) at 0, 1, 5, 10, 50, or 100 ng/L in a semistatic system for 7 d. Vitellogenin mRNA was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and VTG protein was semiquantified in plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Water concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and were on average 110% and 85% nominal concentrations for E2 and EE2, respectively. Vitellogenin transcripts and protein were upregulated in male Murray rainbowfish exposed to either E2 or EE2 in a dose–responsive manner, with calculated 10% effective concentration (EC10) values for E2 of 3.71 ng/L and 11.6 ng/L for VTG mRNA and protein, respectively, and for EE2 of 2.77 ng/L and 8.47 ng/L for VTG mRNA and protein, respectively. Comparisons of these responses with responses of commonly used test species, including zebrafish (Danio rerio), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), revealed the Murray rainbowfish to be a sensitive test species for estrogenic effects via the estrogen receptor pathway. The present study suggests that the Murray rainbowfish would be a suitable candidate for future field studies designed for assessing estrogenic effects of effluent discharges in the Australian freshwater environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2620–2627. © 2011 SETAC
The feasibility of using mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) for detecting endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the freshwater environment
Authors: Kamata Ryo , Itoh Keisuke , Nakajima Daisuke , Kageyama Shiho , Sawabe Akiyoshi , Terasaki Masanori , Shiraishi Fujio 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
We evaluated the utility of gene-transcriptional responses in the liver of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), a species introduced to many countries and therefore widely available, for detecting endocrine-disrupting activity in water. Exposure to β-naphthoflavone, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, significantly increased the transcript of the cytochrome P4501A gene (cyp1a), peaking at 24 h, in both sexes at concentrations of 10 µg/L or more. 17β-Estradiol (E2) at 500 ng/L increased the number of males showing gene transcription of precursors of yolk protein, vitellogenin (Vtga, Vtgb, and Vtgc), at 24, 48, and 72 h. Exposure for 48 h to bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogen mimic, also increased vtg-positive males at 1 mg/L or more. Leachate from a Japanese stable-type landfill significantly increased vtg-positive males after 48 h exposure, and the in vitro activity of the leachate against the estrogen receptor (ER) was estimated as an E2 equivalent of 240 ng/L by yeast transfected with the ER. Chemical analysis showed that major contributors to the ER activation were BPA and 4-tert-octylphenol. This leachate and drainage water from a control-type landfill had AhR activities, estimated by yeast with the AhR, but had no significant effect on cyp1a transcription. These results showed that mosquitofish are suitable for detecting in vivo AhR and ER effects, but are insensitive to E2. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2778–2785. © 2011 SETAC
Development of two indices based on discrete wavelet transform for transformer differential protection
Authors: Zendehdel Mohammad Hossein , Sanaye‐Pasand Majid 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis paper proposes an algorithm for transformer differential protection. The paper presents the development of two indices based on discrete wavelet transform to discriminate between internal faults and inrush currents. Each of the proposed indices, that is, the retained energy and the number of zeros can be used individually for the suggested algorithm. The proposed technique consists of decomposition of differential current signals up to a specific level and compression by level thresholding. Various simulations and analysis have been performed to determine the best compression ratio to distinguish between transformer inrush and fault currents. The performance of these indices is demonstrated by simulation of different faults and switching conditions on a modeled power system. Obtained results show that the proposed scheme is robust and reliable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proportionally fair scheduler for heterogeneous wireless systems
Authors: Calabuig Daniel , Monserrat Jose F. , Cardona Narcís 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe proportional fair allocation depends firstly upon the priority weights given to users and secondly upon the proportional distribution of resources according to these weights. This distribution is trivial in single‐technology systems but remains unresolved for heterogeneous wireless systems. This letter addresses this allocation problem not paying attention to the weights calculation, because this issue has been widely studied in the past. The novel proportionally fair scheduler for heterogeneous wireless systems (PFS‐H) is based on linear programming and allocates any arbitrary resource quantity to users that are simultaneously served by several technologies. Given a priority list, the solution of the optimisation problem divides users and technologies into clusters to perform the fairest allocation of resources among users while maximising its usage. Results show that the PFS‐H improves fairness up to 60% as compared with a single‐technology policy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transport Properties of Zeolite Na‐X–Nafion Membranes: Effect of Zeolite Loadings and Particle Size
Authors: Lavorgna M. , Sansone L. , Scherillo G. , Gu R. , Baker A. P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNa‐X zeolites particles, synthesized in two size ranges, namely 200–300 nm and 30–100 nm, were used to prepare Nafion/Na‐X zeolite composite membranes by recast method. The physical, chemical, and morphological properties of the zeolite powders and composite membranes were examined by XRD, N2 adsorption isotherms, FTIR, SEM, and SAXS analysis. Furthermore, the effect of zeolite particles size and loadings (i.e., 5 and 10% w/w) on the water, methanol, and proton transport properties was investigated.It has been found that the size of the Na‐X zeolite particles plays a key role in the proton and methanol transport behavior since it rules the zeolite hydrophilic behavior, the morphology of polymer–filler interphase, and also the nature of water established in the composite membrane.The results show that the membranes loaded with a 5% w/w of submicron‐sized Na‐X zeolite exhibit a proton conductivity and selectivity significantly higher than Nafion. In particular the proton conductivity at 120 °C is around eight times and the selectivity at 25 °C is around 40% higher than those exhibited by recast Nafion.
Common colorectal cancer risk variants in SMAD7 are associated with survival among prediagnostic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users: A population‐based study of postmenopausal women
Authors: Passarelli Michael N. , Coghill Anna E. , Hutter Carolyn M. , Zheng Yingye , Makar Karen W. , Potter John D. , Newcomb Polly A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCommon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SMAD7 (18q21) have been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in genome‐wide association studies, but little is known about their effects on survival. SMAD7 regulates gastrointestinal inflammation by inhibiting transforming growth factor‐β (TGFB), which can act as both a tumor suppressor and a promoter of metastasis. Regular use of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) inhibitors, such as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reduces the risk of developing CRC. Because COX2 overexpression reduces the growth suppressing effects of TGFB, we hypothesized that survival may depend on both SMAD7 genotype and prediagnostic NSAID use. Postmenopausal women, ages 50–74, diagnosed with incident invasive CRC from 1997 to 2002 were identified using the Seattle‐Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry. Information on prediagnostic NSAID use and other risk factors was ascertained by interview, and women were followed‐up for survival through December 31, 2009. Seven hundred and twenty‐seven cases were genotyped for two GWAS hits in SMAD7 with minor allele frequency > 30%, one with minor allele associated with decreased risk (rs4939827) and one with minor allele associated with increased risk (rs4464148). Two hundred and forty‐two deaths occurred, 160 attributable to CRC. Among those without distant disease at diagnosis, CRC‐specific survival differed by genotype only for NSAID users: each minor allele of rs4939827 was associated with worse survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33–5.37] and each minor allele of rs4464148 was associated with better survival (HR = 0.41, CI 0.18–0.94). SMAD7 variants known to be important for CRC risk were associated with disease‐specific survival among prediagnostic NSAID users. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
t(4;8)(q27;q24) in Hodgkin lymphoma cells targets phosphodiesterase PDE5A and homeobox gene ZHX2
Authors: Nagel Stefan , Schneider Björn , Rosenwald Andreas , Meyer Corinna , Kaufmann Maren , Drexler Hans G. , MacLeod Roderick A. F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHodgkin/Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells represent the malignant fraction of infiltrated lymph nodes in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Although HRS cells display multiple chromosomal aberrations, few are recurrent and the targeted genes unknown. However, understanding the pathology of HL and developing rational therapies may well require identifying putative deregulated genes. Here, we analyzed the karyotype of the well‐defined HL cell line L‐1236 by spectral karyotyping and identified multiple abnormalities, therein, notably t(4;8)(q27;q24) which includes two breakpoint regions previously highlighted in HL. Target genes at 4q27 and 8q24 were shortlisted by high density genomic arrays and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Expression analysis of candidate target genes revealed conspicuous activation of phosphodiesterase PDE5A at 4q27 and inhibition of homeobox gene ZHX2 at 8q24. Treatment of L‐1236 with PDE5A‐inhibitor sildenafil or with siRNA directed against PDE5A and concomitant stimulation with cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) resulted in enhanced apoptosis, indicating PDE5A as an oncogene. Expression profiling of L‐1236 cells following siRNA‐mediated knockdown of ZHX2 showed inhibition of genes regulating differentiation and apoptosis, suggesting tumor suppressor activity of ZHX2. Downstream genes included STAT1 and several STAT1‐target genes, indicating activation of STAT1‐signaling by ZHX2 as analyzed by RQ‐PCR and western blot. Taken together, we have identified a novel aberration with recurrent breakpoints in HL, t(4;8)(q27;q24), which activate PDE5A and repress ZHX2, deregulating apoptosis, differentiation, and STAT1‐signaling in HL cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Promoter methylation‐mediated inactivation of PCDH10 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia contributes to chemotherapy resistance
Authors: Narayan Gopeshwar , Freddy Allen J. , Xie Dongxu , Liyanage Hema , Clark Lorraine , Kisselev Sergey , Un Kang Ji , Nandula Subhadra V. , McGuinn Catherine , Subramaniyam Shivakumar , Alobeid Bachir , Satwani Prakash , Savage David , Bhagat Govind , Murty Vundavalli V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPCDH10 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor, since epigenetic alterations of this gene have been noted in multiple tumor types. However, to date, studies regarding its role in acute and chronic leukemias are lacking. Here, we have investigated the presence of promoter hypermethylation of two CpG islands of the PCDH10 gene by methylation‐specific PCR in 215 cases of various subsets of myeloid‐ and lymphoid‐lineage leukemias. We found that PCDH10 promoter hypermethylation was frequent in both B‐cell (81.9%) and T‐cell (80%) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), while it was present in low frequency in most subtypes of myeloid leukemias (25.9%) and rare in chronic myeloid leukemia (2.2%). PCDH10 expression was downregulated via promoter hypermethylation in primary ALL samples (N = 4) and leukemia cell lines (N = 11). The transcriptional repression caused by PCDH10 methylation could be restored by pharmacologic inhibition of DNA methyltransferases. ALL cell lines harboring methylation‐mediated inactivation of PCDH10 were less sensitive to commonly used leukemia‐specific drugs suggesting that PCDH10 methylation might serve as a biomarker of chemotherapy response. Our results demonstrate that PCDH10 is a target of epigenetic silencing in ALL, a phenomenon that may impact lymphoid‐lineage leukemogenesis, serve as an indicator of drug resistance and may also have potential implications for targeted epigenetic therapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CNS live imaging reveals a new mechanism of myelination: The liquid croissant model
Authors: Sobottka Bettina , Ziegler Urs , Kaech Andres , Becher Burkhard , Goebels Norbert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe overall morphology and with it associated the formation of myelin is generally thought to be resolved. Based on electron microscopic findings more than half a century ago, the current model of myelination describes all myelin membranes to run in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the axon and to form a smooth surface, reminiscent of a rolled up carpet. However, different studies in the past demonstrated a distinct myelin morphology with an uneven myelin surface contour that challenges the established concept. Even though the current model of myelination has since been recognized as insufficient, CNS myelin formation has not yet been investigated in real‐time with the requisite technique and resolution. We therefore traced myelin growth in murine organotypic cerebellar slice cultures using high‐resolution confocal live imaging, light and electron microscopy and assessed myelin morphology in young and adult mice by confocal microscopy. Our data verify that the myelin surface is indeed not smooth but runs in a bidirectional, regularly spaced coil along the axon in both young and adult mice. Time‐lapse imaging revealed that the growth of coiled myelin turns emerges during myelin formation. We therefore propose the “liquid croissant” model as a new concept of myelination that overcomes not only some of the incongruences of previous myelination theories, but potentially also explains the development of certain myelin pathologies observed in remyelination and axonopathies. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.