bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Non-existence to Unrecognised Existence: The Evolution and Limitations of Taiwan’s Hong Kong Asylum Mechanism After 2019
Authors: Chiang Min-yen , Tong Candia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDuring the 2019 Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement, Hong Kong protesters faced severe police violence, followed by the imposition of the Hong Kong National Security Law by China, which eradicated political freedom. Many sought asylum in Taiwan. Despite the absence of a formalised legal framework for asylum, Taiwan has demonstrated commitment to assisting protesters with a humanitarian approach. This chapter explores Taiwan’s policy measures and their limitations.The authors, participants in Taiwan’s assistance policies, draw on first-hand experience and interviews. The study finds that while national security is paramount for Taiwan, the lack of consensus among government departments hinders the development of a clear approach to legislation. The chapter reviews how civil society organisations played a crucial role in establishing a support system, enabling the government to create a Scheme-based assistance mechanism. Although Hong Kong protesters are not officially recognised through legal means, cooperation between the public and the third sector has led to a quasi-asylum mechanism. This research offers an in-depth analysis, benefiting from field experience, while acknowledging limitations due to its advocacy viewpoint.
Formosa as a Safe Haven? Taiwan’s Public Opinion on Potential Asylum Mechanisms and Refugees
Authors: Kironska Kristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTaiwan—one of the most progressive countries in Asia—has no asylum law. Due to its political status and its complicated relationship with China, serious concerns surround this topic. Compounding this issue is the limited discussion on this topic within Taiwanese society, with many Taiwanese unaware of the absence of an asylum law in Taiwan, as evidenced by the interviews conducted with refugee support organisations. The lack of comprehensive social dialogue and nationally representative surveys further obscures the true stance of the Taiwanese population on the asylum issue. To address this gap, this chapter presents the findings of the first-ever comprehensive, nationally representative survey that explores Taiwanese views on the refugee issue. The survey covers various aspects: the stance on the eventual adoption of an asylum law, its potential form and concerns about it, and attitudes towards different refugee groups. While online forums may be dominated by negative comments about refugees, creating an impression of an anti-refugee attitude, the survey results paint a different picture. The Taiwanese population holds generally positive attitudes towards refugees and tends to agree that Taiwan needs a proper asylum system. However, a considerable portion of respondents remains undecided, underscoring the need for broader societal discussions on the topic.
GLP1-GIP receptor co-agonists: a promising evolution in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ciardullo Stefano , Morieri Mario Luca , Daniele Giuseppe , Fiorentino Teresa Vanessa , Mezza Teresa , Tricò Domenico , Consoli Agostino , Del Prato Stefano , Giorgino Francesco , Piro Salvatore , Solini Anna , Avogaro Angelo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes represents a growing challenge for global public health. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide, and, like obesity, it affects progressively younger populations compared to the past, with potentially greater impact on chronic complications. Dual glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptor agonists are among the new pharmacological strategies recently developed to address this challenge. Tirzepatide, characterized by its ability to selectively bind and activate receptors for the intestinal hormones GIP and GLP-1, has been tested in numerous clinical studies and is already currently authorized in several countries for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this context, the aim of the present document is to summarize, in the form of a narrative literature review, the currently available data on the main mechanisms of action of GIP/GLP-1 co-agonists and the clinical effects of tirzepatide evaluated in various clinical trials.
Cognitive Functioning in Youth with Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rabner Jonathan C. , Ney Julia S. , Kendall Philip C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnxiety disorders are disorders involving cognition. Research on cognition in youth with anxiety can focus on cognitive content (e.g., self-talk) as well cognitive functioning. The present review examines domains of cognitive functioning (i.e., episodic memory, language, attention, executive functioning, motor skills, and visual functioning) in youth diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. A database search of Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed yielded 28 studies that met inclusion criteria of youth aged 17 years or younger, a sample diagnosed with a principal anxiety disorder and a comparison sample of controls, a comparison between those samples, and use of a behavioral measure of neuropsychological performance. Findings did not identify any cognitive functioning strengths for anxious youth. Deficits were found in two domains (i.e., receptive language and motor skills) whereas no deficits were found in attention, visuospatial skills and one domain of executive functioning (i.e., inhibition). Most domains had mixed findings. Additional analysis indicated that anxiety disorders in youth are not associated with diminished IQ. Directions for future research are identified including (a) the prioritization of studies with larger, representative samples (b) the role of cognitive functioning as a predictor of anxiety treatment outcome (c) the examination of the effect of treatment on cognitive performance, and (d) the course of anxiety and potential impairment in cognitive functioning.
Role of microsurgical tumor burden reduction in patients with breast cancer brain metastases considering molecular subtypes: a two-center volumetric survival analysis
Authors: Bellomo Jacopo , Zeitlberger Anna Maria , Padevit Luis , Stumpo Vittorio , Gönel Meltem , Fierstra Jorn , Nierobisch Nathalie , Reimann Regina , Witzel Isabell , Weller Michael , Le Rhun Emilie , Bozinov Oliver , Regli Luca , Neidert Marian Christoph , Serra Carlo , Voglis Stefanos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Advancements in metastatic breast cancer (BC) treatment have enhanced overall survival (OS), leading to increased rates of brain metastases (BM). This study analyzes the association between microsurgical tumor reduction and OS in patients with BCBM, considering tumor molecular subtypes and perioperative treatment approaches.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of surgically treated patients with BCBM from two tertiary brain tumor Swiss centers. The association of extent of resection (EOR), gross-total resection (GTR) achievement, and postoperative residual tumor volume (RV) with OS and intracranial progression-free survival (IC-PFS) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard model.

Results
101 patients were included in the final analysis, most patients (38%) exhibited HER2-/HR + BC molecular subtype, followed by HER2 + /HR + (25%), HER2-/HR- (21%), and HER2 + /HR- subtypes (13%). The majority received postoperative systemic treatment (75%) and radiotherapy (84%). Median OS and intracranial PFS were 22 and 8 months, respectively. The mean pre-surgery intracranial tumor volume was 26 cm3, reduced to 3 cm3 post-surgery. EOR, GTR achievement and RV were not significantly associated with OS or IC-PFS, but higher EOR and lower RV correlated with extended OS in patients without extracranial metastases. HER2-positive tumor status was associated with longer OS, extracranial metastases at BM diagnosis and symptomatic lesions with shorter OS and IC-PFS.

Conclusions
Our study found that BC molecular subtypes, extracranial disease status, and BM-related symptoms were associated with OS in surgically treated patients with BCBM. Additionally, while extensive resection to minimize residual tumor volume did not significantly affect OS across the entire cohort, it appeared beneficial for patients without extracranial metastases.
Growth hormone-receptor disruption in mice reduces osteoarthritis and chondrocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Liu Huanhuan , Davis Trent , Duran-Ortiz Silvana , Martino Tom , Erdely Austin , Profio Shane , Osipov Benjamin , Loots Gabriela G. , Berryman Darlene E. , O’Connor Patrick M. , Kopchick John J. , Zhu Shouan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExcessive growth hormone (GH) has been shown to promote joint degeneration in both preclinical and clinical studies. Little is known about the effect of disrupted GH or GH receptor (GHR) on joint health. The goal of this study is to investigate joint pathology in mice with either germline (GHR-/-) or adult inducible (iGHR-/-) GHR deficiency. Knee joints from male and female GHR-/- and WT mice at 24 months of age were processed for histological analysis. Also, knee joints from male and female iGHR-/- and WT mice at 22 months of age were scanned by micro-CT (μCT) for subchondral bone changes and characterized via histology for cartilage degeneration. Joint sections were also stained for the chondrocyte hypertrophy marker, COLX, and the cartilage degeneration marker, ADAMTS-5, using immunohistochemistry. Compared to WT mice, GHR-/- mice had remarkably smooth articular joint surfaces and an even distribution of proteoglycan with no signs of degeneration. Quantitatively, GHR-/- mice had lower OARSI and Mankin scores compared to WT controls. By contrast, iGHR-/- mice were only moderately protected from developing aging-associated OA. iGHR-/- mice had a significantly lower Mankin score compared to WT. However, Mankin scores were not significantly different between iGHR-/- and WT when males and females were analyzed separately. OARSI scores did not differ significantly between WT and iGHR-/- in either individual or combined sex analyses. Both GHR-/- and iGHR-/- mice had fewer COLX+ hypertrophic chondrocytes compared to WT, while no significant difference was observed in ADAMTS-5 staining. Compared to WT, a significantly lower trabecular thickness in the subchondral bone was observed in the iGHR-/- male mice but not in the female mice. However, there were no significant differences between WT and iGHR-/- mice in the bone volume to total tissue volume (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and trabecular number in either sex. This study identified that both germline and adult-induced GHR deficiency protected mice from developing aging-associated OA with more effective protection in GHR-/- mice.
Dynamic changes of SCGN expression imply different phases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Guo Tuanjie , Wang Xuan , Wang Tao , Zhang Jian , Liu Yang , Chen Siteng , Wang Xu , Yang Xiaoqun , Wang Chaofu , Wang Xiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe secretagogin (SCGN) was originally identified as a secreted calcium-binding protein present in the cytoplasm. Recent studies have found that SCGN has a close relationship with cancer. However, its role in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In this study, we utilized a mutual authentication method based on public databases and clinical samples to determine the role of SCGN in the progression and prognosis of ccRCC. Firstly, we comprehensively analyzed the expression characteristics of SCGN in ccRCC in several public databases. Subsequently, we systematically evaluated SCGN expression on 252 microarrays of ccRCC tissues from different grades. It was found that SCGN was absent in all the normal kidney tissues and significantly overexpressed in ccRCC tumor tissues. In addition, the expression level of SCGN gradually decreased with an increase in tumor grade, and the percentage of SCGN staining positivity over 50% was 86.7% (13/15) and 73.4% (58/79) in Grade1 and Grade2, respectively, while it was only 8.3% (12/144) in Grade3, and the expression of SCGN was completely absent in Grade4 (0/14) and distant metastasis group (0/4). Additionally, the expression of SCGN was strongly correlated with the patient's prognosis, with the higher the expression levels of SCGN being associated with longer overall survival and disease-free survival of patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that reduced expression of SCGN in cancer cells is correlated with the progression and prognosis of ccRCC.
Optimization of bioethanol production from sugar beet processing by-product molasses using response surface methodology
Authors: Altınışık Sinem , Nigiz Filiz Uğur , Gürdal Savaş , Yılmaz Kadir , Tuncel Necati Barış , Koyuncu Sermet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioethanol production from renewable biomass sources has garnered significant interest due to its potential as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. In this study, we investigated the optimization of bioethanol production from molasses, a by-product of the sugar production process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Initially, the fermentation process was optimized using RSM, considering four independent variables: substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and fermentation time. Subsequently, the effects of these variables on bioethanol yield were evaluated, and a quadratic model was developed to predict the optimum conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a high coefficient of determination (R2) for the model, suggesting its adequacy for prediction. The optimized conditions for bioethanol production were determined as follows: substrate concentration of 200 g L−1, pH of 5.0, temperature of 30 °C and fermentation time of 72 h. Under these conditions, the predicted bioethanol yield was 84%. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful application of RSM for optimizing bioethanol production from molasses using S. cerevisiae, highlighting its potential as a promising feedstock for biofuel production.
Evolution of Farmland Abandonment Research from 1993 to 2023 using CiteSpace-Based Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Zhou Hui , Wang Jiasheng , Sun Mengzhu , Wang Jingyi , Yang Kun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFarmland abandonment significantly influences food and ecological security. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape and evolving developments in the field of farmland abandonment, we have summarized the advancements and future trends in this research domain. This review employed CiteSpace software and incorporated geographic visualization techniques to generate knowledge maps and visually analyze literature on farmland abandonment sourced from the Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) core databases, spanning the period from 1993 to 2023. The findings indicated a consistent annual increase in the number of publications on abandoned farmland research. China has emerged as a significant contributor to research in this field, exhibiting a relatively large number of related research publications. The investigation on farmland abandonment spans across multiple disciplines, indicating intersections among various fields. Chinese publications predominantly focus on abandoned farmland studies within the agricultural discipline, while English publications exhibit greater interest in abandoned farmland research within the context of ecological and environmental sciences. Presently, the research hotspots in this field include the alterations in the soil properties of abandoned farmland, factors impacting farmland abandonment, the ecological impact of such abandonment, and prevention and control strategies. It is expected that future research on farmland abandonment will aim to strike a balance between ensuring food security and preserving ecological value to optimize decision-making in governance.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Silicomanganese Slag as a Recycling Construction Material: An Overview
Authors: Wong Ngie Hing , Kong Zong Yang , Sambo Ratanak , Chai Chang Saar , Khoso Ali Raza , Bamgbade Jibril Adewale , Sunarso Jaka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSilicomanganese (SiMn) slag is a by-product of ferromanganese and SiMn alloy production poses significant challenges in terms of environmentally sound disposal given its substantial volume. This brief review aims to assess the physicochemical attributes of SiMn slag and explore its potential applications in construction materials recycling. To accomplish this, we systematically evaluated 20 relevant articles, categorizing them into segments covering reutilization methods, key considerations, enhancement strategies, and the recent challenges and prospects associated with SiMn slag reutilization. Our analysis encompassed SiMn slags from five countries, revealing consistent chemical compositions characterized by SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MnO, MgO, FeO + Fe2O3, and K2O + Na2O at similar proportions. We identified two distinct types of SiMn slag, i.e., air-cooled and water-quenched, each possessing unique physical properties influencing their suitability for reutilization. SiMn slag has been successfully repurposed into various construction materials, including cement paste, mortar, concrete, alkali-activated matrices, bricks, backfill materials, Mn extracts, and binder/cement. Several critical factors must be considered when reutilizing SiMn slag in construction materials, including cooling methods, moisture content, particle size (fineness), equipment, energy requirements, and cost considerations. To enhance the reutilization process, we propose a structured approach consisting of four key steps, i.e., incoming waste assessment, pre-treatment, physical/chemical treatment, and product development. Furthermore, this review suggests several avenues for future research, including the development of industrial-scale recycling applications, exploring environmentally friendly landfilling methods for SiMn slag, and assessing the practicality and feasibility of SiMn-slag-based products in real-world construction projects.
Sexual dimorphisms in body proportions of Masai giraffes and the evolution of the giraffe’s neck
Authors: Cavener Douglas R. , Bond Monica L. , Wu-Cavener Lan , Lohay George G. , Cavener Mia W. , Hou Xiaoyi , Pearce David L. , Lee Derek E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGiraffes exhibit a large sexual dimorphism in body size. Whether sexual dimorphisms also exist in body proportions of the axial and appendicular skeleton has been debated, particularly regarding the giraffe’s iconic long neck. We examined the anatomical proportions of the neck, forelegs, hindlegs, and body trunk of the Masai giraffe (G. tippelskirchi) in captive and wild populations. We found that female Masai giraffes have proportionally longer necks relative to their forelegs than males in contradiction to the original necks-for-sex hypothesis that proposed that the evolution of the giraffe’s long neck was driven by male-male competition. However, male neck width and apparent mass are proportionally larger than females’, supporting a modification of the necks-for-sex hypothesis. Moreover, male foreleg length is proportionally longer whereas female trunk length is proportionally longer. These sexual dimorphisms were found in both captive and wild Masai giraffes. We speculate that the initial evolution of the giraffe’s long neck and legs was driven by interspecific competition and the maternal nutritional demands of gestation and lactation through natural selection to gain a competitive advantage in browsing, and then later the neck mass was further increased as a consequence of male-male competition and sexual selection. Differences in the proportions of major body components define sex phenotypes, but several giraffes display opposite-sex phenotypes with a significantly higher level of discordancy seen in captive males. We speculate that body proportion sexual dimorphisms are maintained in the wild by natural and/or sexual selection, but in captivity selection is relaxed resulting in a higher occurrence of discordances in sexual phenotypes.
Fabric4show: real-time vision system for fabric defect detection and post-processing
Authors: Lin Huaizhou , Cai Dan , Xu Zengmin , Wu Jinsong , Sun Lixian , Jia Haibin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe exploration of computer vision applications for fabric defect detection has immense potential value. However, current relevant research in this area has primarily focused on detection models that aim for high detection accuracy and algorithmic efficiency, while neglecting the practical industrial production requirements. Therefore, we propose a fabric defect detection and post-processing system that integrates an optimized region with convolutional neural network (CNN) features (i.e., Faster R-CNN) for defect detection, defect localization and detection model evaluation. In addition, the proposed intelligent system incorporates novel approaches, such as a rearranged fabric dataset, anomaly detection, recommended clipping region division, and a replenishment device. This study illustrates an example of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven automated technology in fabric manufacturing. The accuracy and detection speed of different detection models under identical hardware conditions are evaluated and compared with related work. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves comparable performance to other models, while significantly reducing computational resource requirements. The potential efficiency of using two-stage networks on hardware systems for fabric defect detection tasks is highlighted, which is likely to have relevant implications for the textile industry.
Simulation of particle-laden flows and erosion in an axial fan stage considering the relative position of the blades
Authors: Ghenaiet A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAxial fans are vital accessories in aircraft ventilation systems, but, they may experience erosion from particulate flows, causing a decline in effectiveness over time. This study investigated the trajectories of two types of sand particles and erosion in an axial fan stage, considering the relative position of the blades facing the inlet guide vanes.The movement of particles was simulated using an in-house code that implements a Lagrangian approach along with a stochastic particle-eddy interaction model. The flow field was solved separately and the flow data was transferred to the particle trajectory code. The finite element method allowed for the tracking of particles through the computational cells and accurate determination of their impact positions. A semi-empirical erosion correlation was used to evaluate the local erosion rates, mass removal, and geometry deterioration.As a result, the rotor exhibits a high frequency of impacts and significant erosion on the leading edge of the blade, extending to the upper corner of the pressure side and blade tip, as well as the front of the suction side. In the inlet guide vane, the erosion is spread out along the entire pressure side but at lower erosion rates compared to the rotor blade. The erosion patterns obtained at different pitch-wise positions were cumulated to get better representation of erosion patterns. After being exposed to MIL-E5007E sand (0–1000
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m) at the highest concentration for 10 hours, the blade experienced a reduction of a 0.29% in mass, a 0.45% decrease in tip chord, and a 0.23% increase in tip clearance. On the other hand, AC-coarse sand (0–200 μm) resulted in a 0.23% decrease in blade mass, a 0.4% reduction in tip chord, and a 0.16% increase in tip clearance.The data that is available can be used to monitor the lifespan of axial fans of similar design and select appropriate coatings to protect against erosion.