bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontane Diurese
Authors: GERRITZEN F. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Ausgehend von der Hypothese Forsgrens, dass die Leber eine rhythmische Funktion mit abwechselnder Assimilation und Dissimilation habe, hat Verfasser Dieses an 42 gesunden Versuchspersonen 50 Belastungsproben angestellt, die bezweckten zu untcrsuchen, ob diese rhythmische Leberfunktion in der Diurese erkennbar werde, wenn die Flussigkeitszufuhr konstant gehalten wird.Diese Versuche haben ausser 3 Ausnahmeii alle 24 Stunden gedauert; 6 wahrten 48 Stunden, wahrend bei 2 Versuchspersonen die Probe 60 Stunden durchgefiihrt wurde.Als Hesultat ist hervorzuheben, dass sich ein deutlicher Unterschied zwischen den Perioden von 1–13 Uhr und 14–24 Uhr vorfindet.In der ersten Periode ist die Harnmenge entschieden grösser als in der zweiten, was eine ungezwungene Deutung in der Forsgrenschen Hypothese findet. während die Versuchsergebnisse wieder diese Hypothese stutzen.Als Erklärung sind weder Wasserbilanz, Körperhakung, zeiten, Schlaf, Fehler noch Temperatur oder klimatische Fak anzunehmen, während die Schwankungen nicht mit Verändegen des Blutdruckes in Zusammenhang stchen.Diese sponfane Diurese ist in erster Linie von der rhythmischen Leberfunktion bedingt und zeigt eine überraschende Übereinstimmung mit dem 24Stunden‐Blutzuokergehaltverlauf bei Diabetes.Verfasser Dieses ist genötigt, eine Hyperinsulinämie in der Periode von 7‐9‐9 Uhr bis 14 Uhr auch bei gesunden Personen anzunehmen.
Das Wesen der essentiellen renalen Glykosurie und ihre Beziehung zum Diabetes mellitus, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Erblichkeitsfrage.
Authors: SCHNELL ANNEMARIE 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.1. Der Begriff des Diabetes renalis tritt in der Literatur in zweifacher Form auf:Einmal bezeichnet man damit sämtliche Glykosurien, die nicht oder nicht restlos aus einer bestehenden Hyperglykämie erklärt werden können.Zum andern versteht man darunter eine besondere, erbliche Anomalie, bei der ohne ersichtliche Ursache zeitweise oder ständig Glukose durch die Nieren ausgeschieden wird.2. Diese beiden Begriffe können nicht auf einen Nenner gebracht werden.3. Der Diabetes renalis im engeren Sinne hat einen dominant mendelnden Vererbungsgang.4. Der Diabetes mellitus vererbt sich recessiv mendelnd, wie am eigenen Material und der vorhandenen Literatur nachgewiesen werden konnte.5. Irgend ein Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden Melliturien kann auf Grund des verschiedenen Vererbungsgangs nicht angenommen werden, insbesondere wegen der grossen Seltenheit der dominant mendelnden renalen Glykosurie im Vergleich zur Häufigkeit des recessiven Diabetes mellitus.
Ein Beitrag zu der Frage, ob Ascorbinsäure im Überschuss beim Menschen Pellagra auslösen kann
Authors: ALWALL NILS 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.In der Literatur wird ein Fall mitgeteilt, bei welcheni im Anschluss an Behandlung mit Ascorbinsäure »im Überschuss» dermatitische Veränderungen vom Typus einer Pellagra auftraten.In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Fall mit den klassischen Symptomen der Pellagra beschrieben.Nachdem die Pellagrasymptome durch Nikotinsäurebehandlung zum Weichen gebracht worden waren, bekam die Patientin 62 Tage lang durchschnittlich über 1.6 g Ascorbinsäure pro Tag, d. i. eine viermal so grosse Dosis während viermal so langer Zeit, wie bei dem besagten, im Schrifttum referierten Falle. Trotzdem die Patientin sich in der Sonne aufhielt und schliesslich auch mit Quarzlicht behandelt wurde, traten weder während noch nach der Behandlung Symptome von Pellagra auf.Das Ergebnis stützt also nicht die Annahme, dass Ascorbinsaure, auch in sehr grossen Dosen und während langer Zeit verabreicht, Pellagra hcrvorrufen könne.
Über den Glykogengehalt des Blutes
Authors: BRUMMER PEKKA 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Als Zusammenfassung des Obigen kann festgestellt werden, dass der Glykogengehalt im Blut der Gesunden sehr niedrig ist und auf nur ein paar mg % steigt. Nach Zuckerbelastung und Insulin‐injektion können in den Glykogenwerten des Blutes keine Veränderungen festgestellt werden, ebensowenig in nennenswertem Masse im Zusammenhang mit dem Diabetes, so dass dem Glykogen des Blutes offenbar keine Bedeutung im Kohlehydratstoffwechsel zukommt. Gesteigerte Glykogenwerte wurden in Material eigentlich nur bei Pneumonie besonders bei kroupöser, festgestellt. Der Verfasser ist jedoch der Ansicht, dass dieser Anstieg mit grosser Wahrscheinlichkeit nicht auf der Erhöhung des Glykogengehaltes, sondern möglicherweise auf den Bakterienpolysacchariden beruht.
AN EVALUATION OF DC SHOCK TREATMENT OF ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIAS
Authors: Bjerkelund Christopher , Orning Otto M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A total of 1098 DC shocks were given in 572 attempts at reversion of permanent atrial arrhythmias in 437 patients. Of these, 348 (80%) reverted to sinus rhythm during the first attempt.Complications of the DC shock itself were infrequent. Ventricular arrhythmias and bradycardia occurred, usually of short duration. Eight patients developed ventricular fibrillation, and in one instance the episode was dramatic. Digitalis toxicity disposed patients to some of the ventricular arrhythmias. No deaths, considered due to the DC shock, were observed.Thirteen patients (3%) developed an embolic episode 6 hours‐6 days after reversion. Only two of these were among the 228 patients who were on anticoagulant therapy, as against 11 among the 209 who were not. Quinidine syncope, caused by ventricular fibrillation, was observed in eight patients.The 290 patients first treated were followed up after the first attempt at reversion until relapse of the atrial arrhythmia or for a minimum of two years. After this period, 23% of the patients treated were in sinus rhythm. The sinus rhythm attained was most stable in the patients with operated mitral stenosis, atrial septal defect and thyrotoxicosis that received treatment. The stability gradually decreased with increasing duration of the preceding arrhythmia, but was little influenced by the heart size and even less by functional classification. Good long‐term results were obtained in individual patients with all etiological and anatomical types of heart disease.Simple criteria can hardly be given for selection of patients who will benefit from reversion of atrial arrhythmia; and careful evaluation of the individual patient is required.
PROPRANOLOL (INDERAL) IN THE LONG TERM PROPHYLAXIS OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
Authors: Wennevold Alf , Sandøe Erik 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The results of prophylactic treatment for more than 2 1/2 years with propranolol in four patients with attacks of ventricular tachyarrhythmia are reported. Two of the patients are children.Good results were obtained in three of the patients, who lead a satisfactory life with no or rare attacks of tachycardia. In one patient the treatment has only decreased the frequency of the severe attacks somewhat.The growth and development of the two children have been normal. In one patient more pronounced bradycardia with drowsiness has been encountered, as well as symptomless thrombocytopenia. In another patient the medical treatment had to be supplemented by a pacemaker.
Hypokalemia—Clinical Spectrum and Etiology
Authors: Steen Bertil 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper is intended to give a review of the etiology and symptoms of potassium deficiency in man, as an introduction to the section on potassium and cardiac arrhythmias of this symposium. A review is given of different conditions where hypokalemia and /or total potassium deficiency is or might be part of the clinical picture, such as conditions with insufficient dietary intake, gastrointestinal potassium losses (e.g. vomiting, fistulas, malabsorption, abuse of laxatives and diarrhea), and renal potassium losses (e.g. primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, intake of licorice, diabetic coma, renal disease, diuretic treatment and l‐dopa treatment). Common symptoms of hypokalemia and/or potassium deficiency are reviewed as well, such as general and unspecific symptoms (e.g. tiredness, lack of concentration, lack of appetite and vomiting), and symptoms from the heart, kidneys and skeletal muscle.
NATURAL HISTORY OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ‐ RELEVANCE FOR SECONDARY PREVENTION
Authors: Julian D. G. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTNumerous variables have been identified as having prognostic value after infarction. The significance of each of these depends both on the time after the event when the observation is made and the length of follow‐up. Although much prognostic information has been published, its validity is difficult to establish because the criteria for infarction have seldom been stated, the effect of treatment has been ignored and the case material has been either ill‐defined or atypical.Most of the most powerful predictors of medium and long‐term prognosis are not susceptible to correction, e.g. age, previous myocardial infarction, cardiomegaly, enzyme levels, intraventricular conduction defects and indices of left ventricular dysfunction. Others, e.g. «warning arrhythmias» may be treatable but there is, as yet, no evidence that suppressing them improves prognosis.The most clinically relevant prognostic factors are those which are of relatively high predictive value but are potentially correctable. These include smoking, hypertension, diabetes, life‐threatening arrhythmias, and exercise‐induced ischaemia, as manifested by angina and ST changes.Secondary prevention is most likely to be successful if appropriate approaches are aimed at specific subsets. Thus, beta‐blockade, anti‐arrhythmic therapy, platelet active agents, and surgery may each be beneficial in different although possibly overlapping sub‐sets. Even if it is shown that any one of these forms of therapy produces a statistical benefit when given to the whole post‐infarct population, it does not follow that it should be given to all members of such a population.
Effects of testosterone supplementation on markers of the metabolic syndrome and inflammation in hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome: the double‐blinded placebo‐controlled Moscow study
Authors: Kalinchenko Svetlana Y. , Tishova Yuliya A. , Mskhalaya George J. , Gooren Louis J. G. , Giltay Erik J. , Saad Farid 
Published: August 2010

SummaryObjective Men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have low plasma testosterone (T) levels. The aim of this study was to establish whether the normalization of plasma T improves the features of the MetS.Design A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, phase III trial of 184 men suffering from both the MetS and hypogonadism.Patients One hundred and eighty‐four men, aged 35–70, with the MetS and hypogonadism (baseline total T level <12·0 nmor calculated free T level <225 pm.), recruited in the outpatient andrology and urology clinic, Research Center for Endocrinology in Moscow, Russia.Intervention Treatment for 30 weeks with either parenteral T undecanoate (n = 113; TU; 1000 mg IM) or placebo (n = 71), administered at baseline, and after 6 and 18 weeks. One hundred and five (92·9%) men receiving TU and 65 (91·5%) receiving placebo completed the trial.Measurements Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, insulin, leptin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐1‐beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α).Results There were significant decreases in weight, BMI and WC in the TUvsplacebo group. Levels of leptin and insulin also decreased, but there were no changes in serum glucose or lipid profile. Of the inflammatory markers, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and CRP decreased, while IL‐6 and IL‐10 did not change significantly.Conclusions Thirty weeks of T administration normalizing plasma T in hypogonadal men with the MetS improved some components of the MetS and a number of inflammatory markers.
Multiple doses of pegylated long‐acting growth hormone are well tolerated in healthy male volunteers and possess a potential once‐weekly treatment profile
Authors: Rasmussen Michael Højby , Jensen Lene , Anderson Thomas W. , Klitgaard Thomas , Madsen Jesper 
Published: August 2010

SummaryObjectives  Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) replacement therapy in children and adults currently requires daily subcutaneous injections for several years or lifelong. The current study examined safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response parameters after single and multiple doses of a long‐acting rhGH preparation (NNC126‐0083).Design  Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, multiple‐dose, dose‐escalating (0·02, 0·04, 0·08 and 0·16 mg protein/kg), sequential dose group trial.Subjects  Forty adult Japanese healthy male volunteers (aged 20–45; body mass index: 18·0–27·0 kg/m2). Five groups (n = 8) were randomized to receive multiple doses of NNC126‐0083 (n = 6) or placebo (n = 2).Methods  Primary outcome was safety, and tolerability of multiple doses of NNC126‐0083 compared with placebo. Blood samples for the assessment of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics response [insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3)] were taken after multiple ascending doses.Results  NNC126‐0083 was well tolerated and not associated with any local injection‐site reactions or lipoatrophy. Following administration, NNC126‐0083 levels increased rapidly and remained elevated for several days, returning to baseline before each weekly injection. Steady‐state PK was achieved after the third dosing. A more than dose‐proportional exposure was observed at the highest NNC126‐0083 dose (0·16 mg protein/kg). A strong dose‐dependent pharmacodynamic response in circulating concentrations of both IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 compared with placebo (P < 0·0001) was observed during the administration of all doses.Conclusions  Multiple administration of NNC126‐0083 in healthy male volunteers indicates that NNC126‐0083 has the potential for an efficacious, well‐tolerated, once‐weekly rhGH compound in the treatment of GH deficiency.
Future climate‐driven shifts in distribution of Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: REYGONDEAU GABRIEL , BEAUGRAND GRÉGORY 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Calanus finmarchicus is a key‐structural species of the North Atlantic polar biome. The species plays an important trophic role in subpolar and polar ecosystems as a grazer of phytoplankton and as a prey for higher trophic levels such as the larval stages of many fish species. Here, we used a recently developed ecological niche model to assess the ecological niche (sensu Hutchinson) of C. finmarchicus and characterize its spatial distribution. This model explained about 65% of the total variance of the observed spatial distribution inferred from an independent dataset (data of the continuous plankton recorder survey). Comparisons with other types of models (structured population and ecophysiological models) revealed a clear similarity between modeled spatial distributions at the scale of the North Atlantic. Contemporary models coupled with future projections indicated a progressive reduction of the spatial habitat of the species at the southern edge and a more pronounced one in the Georges Bank, the Scotian Shelf and the North Sea and a potential increase in abundance at the northern edge of its spatial distribution, especially in the Barents Sea. These major changes will probably lead to a major alteration of the trophodynamics of North Atlantic ecosystems affecting the trophodynamics and the biological carbon pump.
Footprints of climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem
Authors: WASSMANN PAUL , DUARTE CARLOS M. , AGUSTÍ SUSANA , SEJR MIKAEL K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this article, we review evidence of how climate change has already resulted in clearly discernable changes in marine Arctic ecosystems. After defining the term ‘footprint’ and evaluating the availability of reliable baseline information we review the published literature to synthesize the footprints of climate change impacts in marine Arctic ecosystems reported as of mid‐2009. We found a total of 51 reports of documented changes in Arctic marine biota in response to climate change. Among the responses evaluated were range shifts and changes in abundance, growth/condition, behaviour/phenology and community/regime shifts. Most reports concerned marine mammals, particularly polar bears, and fish. The number of well‐documented changes in planktonic and benthic systems was surprisingly low. Evident losses of endemic species in the Arctic Ocean, and in ice algae production and associated community remained difficult to evaluate due to the lack of quantitative reports of its abundance and distribution. Very few footprints of climate change were reported in the literature from regions such as the wide Siberian shelf and the central Arctic Ocean due to the limited research effort made in these ecosystems. Despite the alarming nature of warming and its strong potential effects in the Arctic Ocean the research effort evaluating the impacts of climate change in this region is rather limited.
Time frequency distributions of TMJ sounds
Authors: WIDMALM S.E. , WILLIAMS W.J. , ZHENG C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFor analysis of time‐varying signals such as the TMJ sounds, it is often desirable to know how the frequency components change with time, using methods of time‐frequency analysis. The aim of this study was to compare two of the most familiar methods for energy density representation with a newly developed technique. The sounds were recorded with a microphone fastened to the subject's forehead, transformed to the time‐frequency domain and displayed as 3D‐ and contour plots using spectrogram, Wigner distribution (WD), and the reduced interference distribution (RID) to display their time‐frequency energy distributions. The spectrogram resolved only the low‐frequency components. The WD provided higher resolution but also exhibited strong interference between components. The RID gave a detailed representation of the TMJ signals' relative energy distribution in the time and frequency domains, with a great reduction in the interference or cross terms. The RID therefore appears to be most useful in the application of time‐frequency distributions in classification of TMJ sounds.
Swallow thresholds using dentures made on different types of articulator
Authors: MOWLANA F. , HEATH M. R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether edentate subjects achieved different performance when using dentures constructed on different articulators. A cross‐over experimental design was employed to evaluate these swallow thresholds using complete dentures constructed on the hinge and free plane articulators. Seven subjects completed the study. Swallow threshold tests were performed 3 months after the insertion of dentures. The overall particle size distribution achieved with the dentures constructed on free plane articulators was significantly better at the end of the 3‐month period (P < 0·01 to P < 0·0001), but significantly more strokes were used to achieve this success rate (P < 0·04). A questionnaire revealed that the subjects had a preference for the denture constructed on the free plane articulator. It is concluded that patients performed better with dentures constructed on the free plane articulator.
Some clinical investigations on retention forces of maxillary complete dentures with the use of denture fixatives
Authors: GHANI F. , PICTON D.C.A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate objectively and clinically the relative improvement in retention forces of complete dentures with the use of three proprietary denture fixatives. Using the UCL Retentiometer, retention forces of ill‐fitting maxillary complete dentures were measured with saliva alone as the interface medium and with the use of the three test denture fixatives in edentulous subjects over a peroid of 6 h. Results showed that forces with saliva alone were consistently and significantly lower when compared with the forces measured at any test period with the use of the test fixatives. A sixfold improvement in forces from the salivary baseline values was observed when these materials were used. However, the test fixatives showed substantial variations in retention forces depending on the physical formulation of the material. Whilst the powder Variety was effective immediately after its application, retention forces with the liquid and paste materials did not peak until 3 h post‐insertion. Measurements at 6 h post‐insertion stage showed that the powder fixative was the least effective of the three materials. This was mainly attributed to the rapid washing of the active ingredients by saliva because of the absence of oily base present in the paste and liquid materials.
Assessment of treatment outcome in patients with craniomandibular dysfunction
Authors: DE LEEUW J.R.J. , STEENKS M.H. , ROS W.J.G. , LOBBEZOO‐SCHOLTE A.M. , BOSMAN F. , WINNUBST J.A.M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPsychosocial, socio‐demographic and symptom characteristics have been shown to be associated with treatment outcome in patients with craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD). This study was performed to assess to what extent symptoms and correlates of CMD change as a consequence of conservative treatment for CMD. Treatment outcome in a group of CMD patients treated with a stabilization splint (experimental group) was compared with that of a group of patients with CMD who were not treated for CMD (control group). Patients in the experimental group had fewer symptoms of CMD at the end of treatment. However, several symptoms and correlates of CMD also improved in the control group (severity of pain, joint noises, ear symptoms). It was therefore questioned whether all improvements in symptoms and correlates of CMD in the experimental group could be attributed to the treatment received. Results suggest that the main improvement that might be ascribed to therapy was a decrease in ‘jaw symptoms’. There was a noticeable decrease in depression and an increased use of ‘planned actions and rational thinking’ as a coping style in the experimental group whereas these variables did not change in the control group. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
The prevalence of cardinal TMJ dysfunction symptoms and its relationship to occlusal factors in Japanese female adolescents
Authors: VERDONCK A. , TAKADA K. , KITAI N. , KURIAMA R. , YASUDA Y. , CARELS C. , SAKUDA M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCross‐sectional data were obtained from 1182 Japanese high school girls of 12 and 15 years old. The data were analysed for the prevalence of specific occlusal features and the prevalence of cardinal Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJD) symptoms in different occlusion groups. The associations between occlusal features and TMJD symptoms were analysed by the Z‐analysis. The results were as follows: the prevalence of TMJD symptoms (total) was about 23% in both age groups examined. Noise had the highest prevalence of the specific TMJD symptoms in both age groups (16% and 11%). With age and for different occlusion groups, there was a significant increase in deviation on opening (P < 0.001) and a decrease in pain and noise (P < 0.05). No significant associations were found between the occurrence of TMJD symptoms (total) and occlusal features in all the examined occlusion groups. With respect to specific TMJD symptoms, however, the investigation of the different groups revealed a significant association (P < 0.05) of intra‐arch occlusal (crowding) features with the occurrence of deviation on opening and with the occurrence of the combined TMJD symptoms which include deviation on opening. This indicates that crowding may be an important sign for predisposing TMJD. For the other single disorder symptoms (except pain), we did not find a significant relationship (P < 0.05) with aspects of occlusion, which may confirm a multifactorial TMJD problem wherein occlusal features can have a contribution to TMJD.