bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Advisory Brought to Practice Routine Screening on Depression (and Anxiety) in Coronary Heart Disease; Consequences and Implications
Authors: Luttik M.L.A. , Jaarsma T. , Sanderman R. , Fleer J. 
Published: September 2010

Introduction: Following the evidence, the American Heart Association recently published a Science Advisory with the recommendation that patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) should be screened for depressive symptoms and depression. Also the Heart Failure Guidelines recommend routine screening for depressive symptoms. Screening for anxiety was not included in these recommendations, despite findings in literature suggesting that cardiac patients are at risk for high levels of anxiety. Objective: The aim of the current study is to obtain a realistic estimation of the consequences and implications of this advice for clinical practice. Method: Data on anxiety, and depression, need for help, demographics and disease related variables were collected in a cross-sectional study within a 2-month period (July–August 2008) at the cardiac outpatient clinic of the University Medical Center Groningen (The Netherlands). Patients: Data of 217 patients were analyzed, mean age was 58 years (±16) and 62% of the respondents were male. Results: Of 217 patients, 26% indicated to have depressive symptoms and 42% indicated elevated levels of anxiety. About 35–50% of these patients indicated a moderate to high need for help. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was mainly associated with demographic factors and the occurrence of stressful life events. Conclusion: Routine screening will put an increased demand on psychosocial diagnostics and treatment, therefore the availability of professionals should be guaranteed in advance.
MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry – Painting Molecular Pictures
Authors: Schwamborn Kristina , Caprioli Richard M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry is a molecular analytical technology capable of simultaneously measuring multiple analytes directly from intact tissue sections. Histological features within the sample can be correlated with molecular species without the need for target‐specific reagents such as antibodies. Several studies have demonstrated the strength of the technology for uncovering new markers that correlate with disease severity as well as prognosis and therapeutic response. This review describes technological aspects of imaging mass spectrometry together with applications in cancer research.
Tocqueville Pioneer of Fiscal Sociology
Authors: Leroy Marc 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article presents an unknown aspect of Tocqueville’s thinking that positions him as a pioneer in the field of fiscal sociology. InDemocracy in America, he puts forward the general trend by democratic societies to increase their public expenditure, which would later be known as Wagner’s law. His findings continue to be valid in an era of economic globalization, especially with the resilience of the Welfare State. InThe Old Regime and the Revolution, the demonstration is mainly based on the financial changes in the public sector that contributed to destroying political freedom, accentuating class divisions, and delegitimizing public action while cognitive and ideological factors precipitated the movement. Tocqueville’s pioneering work is remarkable for its methodology (although this remains implicit rather than explicit) and for its results. Nevertheless it is not referred to by either the founders of financial sociology or by current researchers.
Backdoor Nationalism
Authors: E. Fox Jon , Vermeersch Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractContrary to expectations, the EU’s eastward expansion in 2004 did not sound the death knoll of nationalism in the region; rather, it signalled its reinvention and, in some respects, reinvigoration. In this paper, we examine three ways in which nationalism has been redefined in Hungary and Poland in the context of EU enlargement. First, consensus on the desirability of European unification has lessened the importance of left/right party divisions; in its place, the “nation” has provided a fulcrum for inter-party contestation. Second, EU integration has provided nationalists in the region with a backdoor for realising old nationalist ambitions of national reunification across the porous borders of the EU. Third, we examine the way radical nationalist organisations in Hungary and Poland increasingly define themselves in opposition to the EU.
High dietary fat and cholesterol exacerbates chronic vitamin C deficiency in guinea pigs
Authors: Frikke-Schmidt Henriette , Tveden-Nyborg Pernille , Birck Malene Muusfeldt , Lykkesfeldt Jens 
Published: September 2010

Vitamin C deficiency – or hypovitaminosis C defined as a plasma concentration below 23 μm– is estimated to affect hundreds of millions of people in the Western world, in particular subpopulations of low socio-economic status that tend to eat diets of poor nutritional value. Recent studies by us have shown that vitamin C deficiency may result in impaired brain development. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate if a poor diet high in fat and cholesterol affects the vitamin C status of guinea pigs kept on either sufficient or deficient levels of dietary ascorbate (Asc) for up to 6 months with particular emphasis on the brain. The present results show that a high-fat and cholesterol diet significantly decreased the vitamin C concentrations in the brain, irrespective of the vitamin C status of the animal (P < 0·001). The brain Asc oxidation ratio only depended on vitamin C status (P < 0·0001) and not on the dietary lipid content. In plasma, the levels of Asc significantly decreased when vitamin C in the diet was low or when the fat/cholesterol content was high (P < 0·0001 for both). The Asc oxidation ratio increased both with low vitamin C and with high fat and cholesterol content (P < 0·0001 for both). We show here for the first time that vitamin C homoeostasis of brain is affected by a diet rich in fat and cholesterol. The present findings suggest that this type of diet increases the turnover of Asc; hence, individuals consuming high-lipid diets may be at increased risk of vitamin C deficiency.
Two non-consecutive 24 h recalls using EPIC-Soft software are sufficiently valid for comparing protein and potassium intake between five European centres – results from the European Food Consumption Validation (EFCOVAL) study
Authors: Crispim Sandra P. , de Vries Jeanne H. M. , Geelen Anouk , Souverein Olga W. , Hulshof Paul J. M. , Lafay Lionel , Rousseau Anne-Sophie , Lillegaard Inger T. L. , Andersen Lene F. , Huybrechts Inge , De Keyzer Willem , Ruprich Jiri , Dofkova Marcela , Ocke Marga C. , de Boer Evelien , Slimani Nadia , van't Veer Pieter 
Published: September 2010

The use of two non-consecutive 24 h recalls using EPIC-Soft for standardised dietary monitoring in European countries has previously been proposed in the European Food Consumption Survey Method consortium. Whether this methodology is sufficiently valid to assess nutrient intake in a comparable way, among populations with different food patterns in Europe, is the subject of study in the European Food Consumption Validation consortium. The objective of the study was to compare the validity of usual protein and K intake estimated from two non-consecutive standardised 24 h recalls using EPIC-Soft between five selected centres in Europe. A total of 600 adults, aged 45–65 years, were recruited in Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, The Netherlands and Norway. From each participant, two 24 h recalls and two 24 h urines were collected. The mean and distribution of usual protein and K intake, as well as the ranking of intake, were compared with protein and K excretions within and between centres. Underestimation of protein (range 2–13 %) and K (range 4–17 %) intake was seen in all centres, except in the Czech Republic. We found a fair agreement between prevalences estimated based on the intake and excretion data at the lower end of the usual intake distribution ( < 10 % difference), but larger differences at other points. Protein and K intake was moderately correlated with excretion within the centres (ranges = 0·39–0·67 and 0·37–0·69, respectively). These were comparable across centres. In conclusion, two standardised 24 h recalls (EPIC-Soft) appear to be sufficiently valid for assessing and comparing the mean and distribution of protein and K intake across five centres in Europe as well as for ranking individuals.
Polite Passionate Persuasion: Hume's Conception of Rhetoric
Authors: Hanvelt Marc 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.While confronting questions about the negative political effects of faction and fanaticism, David Hume developed a distinction between the manipulative rhetoric of the fanatics and the factional leaders and a good form of rhetoric that I term accurate, just, and polite. This high form of rhetoric combines Hume's philosophy of just reasoning with the rhetorical style of an idealized Demosthenes and eighteenth-century standards of politeness. Understanding Hume's conception of rhetoric is important for understanding the full scope of his political philosophy. In addition, further study of his conception of rhetoric could provide a valuable avenue of research for contemporary liberal theorists seeking to develop normative models of judgment and deliberation.Résumé.En réfléchissant aux effets négatifs du factionnalisme et du fanatatisme, David Hume a établi une distinction entre la rhétorique manipulatrice des leaders factionnaires et fanatiques, et une rhétorique que je qualifie ici de correcte, juste et polie. Cette dernière s'inspire de la philosophie du juste raisonnement de Hume, mais aussi d'un style de rhétorique associé à Demosthenes, érigé ici en idéal, ainsi que des standards de politesse du dix-huitième siècle. Cette conception de la rhétorique joue un rôle important dans la philosophie politique de Hume et pourrait constituer une avenue de recherche intéressante pour les penseurs libéraux contemporains qui cherchent à développer des modèles normatifs de jugement et de délibération.
Instrumental Philanthropy: Trade and the Allocation of Foreign Aid
Authors: Lundsgaarde Erik , Breunig Christian , Prakash Aseem 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.“Trade, not aid” has long been a catchphrase in international development discourse. This paper evaluates whether the “trade, not aid” logic has driven bilateral aid allocations in practice. Using a dataset that covers development assistance from 22 donor countries to 187 aid recipients from 1980 to 2002, we find that donor countries have dispersed bilateral aid in ways that reinforce their extant bilateral commercial ties with recipient countries. Instead of “trade, not aid,” bilateral aid disbursement has followed the logic of “aid following trade.” The policy implication is that bilateral aid allocation patterns have reinforced the disadvantages of poor countries that have a limited ability to participate in international trade due to a variety of factors such as geography and a lack of tradable resources.Résumé.«Le commerce et non l'aide» est un slogan qui continue d'occuper une place importante dans le débat sur le développement international. L'article qui suit vise à évaluer la mise en pratique de ce principe dans les allocations de l'aide bilatérale. S'appuyant sur une base de données recouvrant l'aide distribuée par 22 pays donateurs à 187 pays récipiendaires entre 1980 et 2002, notre analyse révèle que l'aide a été allouée en fonction des liens commerciaux bilatéraux existants et les a renforcés. C'est donc le principe de «l'aide après le commerce» qui a prévalu. Les allocations d'aide bilatérale ont ainsi aggravé les désavantages des pays pauvres dont la capacité à bénéficier du commerce international est limitée en raison de divers facteurs, dont la situation géographique et le manque de ressources marchandes.
Charter Creep: Creeping Precommitment and the Threat to Liberal Republicanism
Authors: Lusztig Michael 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.At the heart of constitutionalism lies a fundamental flaw, what Stephen Holmes calls the paradox of democracy. On one hand precommitment—the constitutional entrenchment of certain fundamental rules and values—represents a restriction upon the ability of otherwise self-governing citizens to govern themselves. On the other, absent precommitment, self-governance becomes a precarious proposition. In this article I distinguish between “good” precommitment, whereby values to be protected are generally considered to be more prized than the short-term values that threaten them, and “bad,” precommitment to values in the absence of general and ordinal preferences. Specifically, I examine judicially mandated,creepingprecommitment in the context of abortion and free speech rights in Canada.Résumé.Il y a au cœur du constitutionnalisme un défaut fondamental, ce que Stephen Holmes appelle le paradoxe de la démocratie. D'une part, le préengagement (precommitment) – la constitutionnalisation de certaines règles et valeurs morales fondamentales – représente une contrainte limitant la capacité des citoyens autrement autonomes à se gouverner eux-mêmes. D'autre part, sans cet engagement préalable, l'autonomie devient une proposition précaire. Dans cet article, je fais la distinction entre le «bon» préengagement, portant sur des valeurs morales à protéger qui sont généralement considérées comme étant plus précieuses que les valeurs à court terme qui les menacent, et le «mauvais» préengagement, portant sur des valeurs morales non tranchées par des préférences générales et ordinales. J'examinerai spécifiquement le préengagementrampant, judiciairement autorisé, dans le contexte des droits à l'avortement et à la liberté d'expression au Canada.
Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 associated with human infections in Switzerland, 2000–2009
Authors: KÄPPELI U. , HÄCHLER H. , GIEZENDANNER N. , CHEASTY T. , STEPHAN R. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC), an important foodborne pathogen, can cause mild to severe bloody diarrhoea (BD), sometimes followed by life-threatening complications such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). A total of 44 O157 strains isolated from different patients from 2000 through 2009 in Switzerland were further characterized and linked to medical history data. Non-bloody diarrhoea was experienced by 15·9%, BD by 61·4% of the patients, and 29·5% developed HUS. All strains belonged to MLST type 11, were positive forstx2 variants (stx2 and/orstx2c),eaeandehxA, and only two strains showed antibiotic resistance. Of the 44 strains, nine phage types (PTs) were detected the most frequent being PT32 (43·2%) and PT8 (18·2%). By PFGE, 39 different patterns were found. This high genetic diversity within the strains leads to the conclusion that STEC O157 infections in Switzerland most often occur as sporadic cases.
A ‘Mediterranean New Left’? Comparing and Contrasting the French PSU and the Italian PSIUP
Authors: GORDON DANIEL A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article argues that Gerd-Rainer Horn's model of a ‘Mediterranean New Left’ encompassing both the French Parti socialiste unifié (PSU, 1960–1990) and the Italian Partito socialista italiano di unità proletaria (PSIUP, 1964–1972) needs to be significantly revised. It agrees that, half a century on from the events which gave rise to their foundation, this much misunderstood part of the political spectrum, midway between social democracy and the far left, is worthy of rescue from the ‘enormous condescension of posterity’, but questions how similar the two parties actually were. Major differences emerge, especially in the nature of each party's relationship with communism, with the philosovietism of the PSIUP contrasting with the PSU's evolution towards an anti-Leninist decentralist socialism of self-management. Yet, at the same time, important new evidence is uncovered about the concrete political and personal links that developed between leading intellectuals of the PSIUP and PSU, an example being the friendship of the Italian parliamentarian and theorist Lelio Basso with the journalist Gilles Martinet, later French ambassador to Italy. Other transnational links, both across the Mediterranean and to eastern Europe, are explored. Furthermore, the location of the roots of both parties in the 1940s generation of anti-fascist resistance calls into question prevailing assumptions equating the New Left with the youth of the 1960s, with wider implications for our understanding of the development of the European left across the twentieth century.
Role of alexithymia in suicide ideation after traumatic brain injury
Authors: WOOD RODGER LL. , WILLIAMS CLAIRE , LEWIS RUTH 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA high frequency of suicide ideation (SI) has been reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Simpson & Tate, 2002; Teasdale & Engberg, 2001). This study examined the frequency of SI following TBI, and its relationship to alexithymia, and depression, plus two components of depression—hopelessness and worthlessness. One hundred and five TBI patients and 74 demographically matched controls completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Ratings of SI, hopelessness, and worthlessness were extracted from the BDI-II. Results confirm a high frequency of SI (33%) and alexithymia (61%) after TBI compared with healthy controls (1.4% and 6.5%, respectively). A high frequency of alexithymia was also found in a sub-group of moderate-severely depressed TBI patients (70.68%) compared with two non-TBI depressed samples (53.92% and 44.8%). A significant association was found between SI and alexithymia in the TBI group, with the SI group reporting significantly higher TAS-20 total scores. However, logistic regression analysis found that worthlessness was the strongest predictor of SI after TBI. The results of this study suggest that increased attention should be directed toward emotional change after TBI, as alexithymia may mediate the development of worthlessness and, in turn, increase the risk of SI. (JINS, 2010,16, 1108–1114.)
NAGEL AND INTELLIGENT DESIGN
Authors: Williams Reginald 
Published: September 2010

Thomas Nagel has recently discussed whether intelligent design theory (IDT) is scientific and should be taught in public schools alongside the theory of evolution (ET). Nagel writes:I do not regard divine intervention as a possibility, even though I have no other candidates. Yet I recognize that this is because of an aspect of my overall worldview that does not rest on empirical grounds or any other kind of rational grounds…. [S]omeone who can offer serious scientific reasons to doubt the adequacy of [ET], and who believes in God, in the same immediate way that I believe there is no god, can quite reasonably conclude that the hypothesis of design should be taken seriously. (‘Public Education and Intelligent Design’. Philosophy and Public Affairs 36.2 (2008), pp. 187–205, p. 192.)
TIME TRAVEL TESTIMONY AND THE ‘JOHN TITOR’ FIASCO
Authors: Richmond Alasdair 
Published: September 2010

Around 1998, internet postings began appearing under the alias ‘Timetravel_0’. This alias was later replaced by ‘John Titor’, and it's as such I'll designate the posts' author(s). Remarkably, Titor claimed to have time-travelled from 2036 on a mission to retrieve an IBM 5100 in 1975. Titor refrained from public appearances and any evidence for his story remains web-bound but before closing shop c. March 24th 2001, he described various future events, e.g.:
Y2K is a disaster. Many people die on the highways when they freeze to death trying to get to warmer weather.Cancellation of the Olympics after 2004 due to world conflict.America will soon be engaged in civil war with itself; a civil war that we'll see the beginnings of during 2004 and 2005, escalating until it is indisputable by 2008.(Y2K predictions diminished after 1st Jan 2000. One wonders how America could suffer civil war other than with itself or do so disputably for three years. Titorists still found signs of civil war in 2008.) This equivocal civil war fizzles until global nuclear war kills three billion people in 2015. (On the plus side, hats are popular in 2036.)
WHY WINNING MATTERS
Authors: Austin Michael W. 
Published: September 2010

Winning isn't everything. It's the only thing. Vince Lombardi (quoting Red Sanders)The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered, but to have fought well.The Olympic CreedThese two statements reflect two very different approaches to sport. The Lombardi quote reflects the view that we should take a win-at-all-costs approach. By contrast, the Olympic Creed includes the idea that there is something more important in sport than victory. Perhaps the Olympic Creed is correct, and Lombardi mistaken. Perhaps the value of winning is found primarily in its potential to foster both athletic and moral excellence, while the overvaluing of victory for its own sake suffers from several deficiencies as an approach to sport (and to life).
Do spirituality and faith make a difference? Report from the Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study Group
Authors: Travado Luzia , Grassi Luigi , Gil Francisco , Martins Cristina , Ventura Cidália , Bairradas Joana ,   The Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study Group
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:In the last decade, some attention has been given to spirituality and faith and their role in cancer patients' coping. Few data are available about spirituality among cancer patients in Southern European countries, which have a big tradition of spirituality, namely, the Catholic religion. As part of a more general investigation (Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study – SEPOS), the aim of this study was to examine the effect of spirituality in molding psychosocial implications in Southern European cancer patients.Method:A convenience sample of 323 outpatients with a diagnosis of cancer between 6 to 18 months, a good performance status (Karnofsky Performance Status > 80), and no cognitive deficits or central nervous system (CNS) involvement by disease were approached in university and affiliated cancer centers in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Switzerland (Italian speaking area). Each patient was evaluated for spirituality (Visual Analog Scale 0-10), psychological morbidity (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale— HADS), coping strategies (Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer — Mini-MAC) and concerns about illness (Cancer Worries Inventory — CWI).Results. The majority of patients (79.3%) referred to being supported by their spirituality/faith throughout their illness. Significant differences were found between the spirituality and non-spirituality groups (p ≤ 0.01) in terms of education, coping styles, and psychological morbidity. Spirituality was significantly correlated with fighting spirit (r = −0.27), fatalism (r = 0.50), and avoidance (r = 0.23) coping styles and negatively correlated with education (r = −0.25), depression (r = −0.22) and HAD total (r = −0.17).Significance of results:Spirituality is frequent among Southern European cancer patients with lower education and seems to play some protective role towards psychological morbidity, specifically depression. Further studies should examine this trend in Southern European cancer patients.