bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative incidence of cancer among individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States
Authors: Simard Edgar P , Pfeiffer Ruth M , Engels Eric A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The overall burden of cancer may increase as individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) live longer because of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which has been widely available since 1996.METHODS:A population‐based, record‐linkage study identified cancers in 472,378 individuals with AIDS from 1980 to 2006. By using nonparametric competing‐risk methods, the cumulative incidence of cancer was estimated across 3 calendar periods (AIDS onset in 1980‐1989, 1990‐1995, and 1996‐2006).RESULTS:Measured at 5 years after AIDS onset, the cumulative incidence of AIDS‐defining cancer (ADC) declined sharply across the 3 AIDS calendar periods (from 18% in 1980‐1989, to 11% in 1990‐1995, to 4.2% in 1996‐2006 [ie, the HAART era]). The cumulative incidence of Kaposi sarcoma declined from 14.3% during 1980 to 1989, to 6.7% during 1990 to 1995, and to 1.8% during 1996 to 2006. The cumulative incidence of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) declined from 3.8% during 1990 through 1995 to 2.2% during 1996 through 2006; during the HAART era, NHL was the most common ADC (53%). The cumulative incidence of non‐AIDS‐defining cancer (NADC) increased from 1.1% to 1.5% with no change thereafter (1%; 1996‐2006), in part because of declines in competing mortality. However, cumulative incidence increased steadily over time for specific NADCs (anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and liver cancer). The cumulative incidence of lung cancer increased from 0.14% during 1980 to 1989 to 0.32% during 1990 to 1995, and no change was observed thereafter.CONCLUSIONS:Dramatically declining cumulative incidence was noted in 2 major ADCs (Kaposi sarcoma and NHL), and increases were observed in some NADCs (specifically, cancers of the anus, liver, and lung and Hodgkin lymphoma). As HIV/AIDS is increasingly managed as a chronic disease, greater attention should be focused on cancer screening and prevention. Cancer 2011. Published 2010 by American Cancer Society.
Conditional survival of extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: Parsons Helen M. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Tuttle Todd M. , Al‐Refaie Waddah B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:With increasing interest in adult cancer survivorship, currently available prognostic estimates for long‐term survivors of extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma (ESTS) are limited. We assessed determinants of survival in adults surgically treated for nonmetastatic ESTS, conditional on specific survival periods.Methods:We identified 6215 persons aged >18 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program who were surgically treated for nonmetastatic ESTS from 1991 to 2006. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess demographic, tumor, and treatment factors associated with 10‐year sarcoma‐specific survival (SSS) at diagnosis and conditional on surviving 3 and 5 years postdiagnosis.RESULTS:At the time of diagnosis, age, tumor, and treatment factors predicted SSS. Although older age significantly predicted worse SSS for all age groups at diagnosis (HR 3.78 for age >81 vs 18‐35; P < .05 for all), the effect of age became nonsignificant as survival time increased, except for the oldest group (>80 years). Tumor size, grade, and histologic subtypes continued to be important predictors of SSS for all periods of conditional survival. Persons who underwent limb amputation were at 3 times the risk of mortality for all conditional survival periods.CONCLUSIONS:In this large population‐based experience of ESTS survivors, age >80, tumor, and treatment factors continued to affect long‐term survival, whereas the effect of age dampened over time. These estimates provide important counseling information for changing risk factors as survival time increases, help to streamline future surveillance programs, and provide insights into the design of adult survivorship care. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Trends, patterns, and outcomes in the management of malignant colonic polyps in the general population of the United States
Authors: Wasif Nabil , Etzioni David , Maggard Melinda A , Tomlinson James S , Ko Clifford Y 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Colonoscopic screening has increased detection of malignant colonic polyps (MPs). The goal of this study was to analyze trends and patterns in the surgical treatment of MPs and to assess outcomes as measured by lymph node retrieval and patient survival.METHODS:The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry was queried to identify 19,743 patients with MPs from 1988 to 2003.RESULTS:The majority of MPs were present in the sigmoid and descending colon (54%), and 38% were tubular, 40% were tubulovillous, and 22% were villous. During the study period, the incidence of MPs increased from 29% to 42% and surgical resection (SR) was increasingly used for treatment, from 54% to 70%. Predictors of SR were aged <70 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2‐1.4), high‐grade tumors (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.9), diagnosis in 1999 through 2003 (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5‐1.9), villous subtype (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0‐2.6), and right colon location (OR, 8.1; 95% CI, 7.0‐9.4). In patients undergoing SR, the mean and median number of lymph nodes was only 4 and 1, respectively. A significant percentage of patients (49%) had no lymph nodes retrieved and a worse overall survival at 5 years compared with patients who had at least 1 lymph node examined (64% vs 74%; P <.001).CONCLUSIONS:MPs appear to be increasing in incidence, and there is a trend toward increased use of SR for treatment. However, patients undergoing SR for MPs undergo suboptimal assessment of lymph nodes, with a detrimental impact on survival. Adequate lymphadenectomy and lymph node evaluation are crucial to improve outcomes in patients with these potentially curable lesions. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Serotonin receptor diversity in the human colon: Expression of serotonin type 3 receptor subunits 5‐HT3C, 5‐HT3D, and 5‐HT3E
Authors: Kapeller Johannes , Möller Dorothee , Lasitschka Felix , Autschbach Frank , Hovius Ruud , Rappold Gudrun , Brüss Michael , Gershon Michael D. , Niesler Beate 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSince the first description of 5‐HT3receptors more than 50 years ago, there has been speculation about the molecular basis of their receptor heterogeneity. We have cloned the genes encoding novel 5‐HT3 subunits 5‐HT3C, 5‐HT3D, and 5‐HT3E and have shown that these subunits are able to form functional heteromeric receptors when coexpressed with the 5‐HT3A subunit. However, whether these subunits are actually expressed in human tissue remained to be confirmed. In the current study, we performed immunocytochemistry to locate the 5‐HT3A as well as the 5‐HT3C, 5‐HT3D, and 5‐HT3E subunits within the human colon. Western blot analysis was used to confirm subunit expression, and RT‐PCR was employed to detect transcripts encoding 5‐HT3receptor subunits in microdissected tissue samples. This investigation revealed, for the first time, that 5‐HT3C, 5‐HT3D, and 5‐HT3E subunits are coexpressed with 5‐HT3A in cell bodies of myenteric neurons. Furthermore, 5‐HT3A and 5‐HT3D were found to be expressed in submucosal plexus of the human large intestine. These data provide a strong basis for future studies of the roles that specific 5‐HT3receptor subtypes play in the function of the enteric and central nervous systems and the contribution that specific 5‐HT3receptors make to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:420–432, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia‐related changes with erythroid differentiation involving pleural fluid: A case report and brief cytopathologic review
Authors: Stoll Lisa Marie , Duffield Amy S. , Johnson Michael W. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe vast majority of malignant pleural effusions are caused by metastatic adenocarcinoma, most frequently from breast or lung primaries. However, a minority of cases show evidence of involvement by a hematopoietic neoplasm such as lymphoma or leukemia. We report a rare case of a 54‐year‐old male with a prior diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplastic‐related changes (AML‐MDS) with erythroid differentiation having new onset pleural effusions containing leukemic blasts. The pleural specimen was comprised of blast forms having large round nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin and prominent nucleoli, with scattered binucleate forms. The blasts expressed CD45 and CD34 and were negative for epithelial and mesothelial markers. Previous bone marrow biopsies had shown that the blasts exhibited strong staining for hemoglobin and lacked expression of Factor VIII and myeloperoxidase, consistent with erythroid differentiation. Although rare, this case indicates the need for consideration of unusual disease states presenting within a pleural fluid and highlights the differential diagnosis and immunohistochemical profile of AMLs with erythroid differentiation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Follicular lesions of the thyroid: A retrospective study of 1,348 fine needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Wu ShouJin , DeMay Richard M. , Papas Pamela , Yan Benjamin , Reeves Ward 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFine needle aspiration (FNA) has proven to be an effective tool in management of patients with thyroid nodules. However, the diagnosis of follicular patterned lesions can be challenging. The surgical and cytopathology computer database at a large referral medical center was searched for cases that had both cytologic and histologic thyroid accessions from January 2004 to November 2008. A total of 1,255 histologic thyroid specimens and 2,776 thyroid FNA biopsies were retrieved for review. Histologically, 272 overt malignancies were identified; 20 (7.4%) were follicular carcinomas. Cytologically, 1,348 cases were follicular‐patterned lesions, comprising 1,044 cases of “benign follicular nodules” (BFN), 137 cases of “follicular lesions of undetermined significance” (FLUS), and 167 cases of “suspicious for follicular neoplasm” (SFN). Seventy‐nine (7.5%) of BFN, 23 (16.8%) of FLUS, and 65 (38.9%) of SFN cases had histologic follow‐up. Overt malignancy, a cystic papillary carcinoma, was identified histologically in only one case of BFN, for a negative predictive value of 98.7%. Overt malignancy was identified histologically in two cases of FLUS, both follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, for a positive predictive value of 8.7%. Overt malignancy was identified histologically in 14 cases of SFN, for a positive predictive value of 21.5%. Five follicular carcinomas were identified histologically in the SFN category, all minimally invasive. Incidental (“occult”) papillary microcarcinoma were identified histologically in all three categories. In this study, the risk of overt malignancy increases from 1.3%, to 8.7%, to 21.5% for BFN, FLUS, and SFN, respectively. All follicular carcinomas identified histologically occurred in the SFN category and all were minimally invasive. Papillary microcarcinomas can occur in any of the three diagnostic categories. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012;40:E8–E12. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel null allele of mouse Dscam survives to adulthood on an inbred C3H background with reduced phenotypic variability
Authors: Fuerst Peter G. , Harris Belinda S. , Johnson Kenneth R. , Burgess Robert W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRod bipolar cells (green; PKCa+), a subset of retinal bipolar cells (red; CHX10+) span the two synaptic layers of the mouse retina, Nuclei in the three nuclear layers of the mouse retina are blue (Hoechst stain). A new mutant mouse allele of Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) was used to study the role of this gene in synaptic lamination of the mouse retina. See the article by Fuerst et al. in this issue.
FGF receptor gene expression and its regulation by FGF signaling during early zebrafish development
Authors: Ota Satoshi , Tonou‐Fujimori Noriko , Tonou‐Fujimori Noriko , Nakayama Yukiko , Ito Yuki , Kawamura Akinori , Yamasu Kyo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe expression of all four fgfr genes was extensively examined throughout early embryogenesis of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). fgfr1 alone was expressed maternally throughout the blastoderm, and then zygotically in the anterior neural plate and presomitic mesoderm. fgfr4 expression was first detected in late blastulae and was gradually restricted to the brain. fgfr2 and fgfr3 expression were initiated in early and late gastrulae, respectively; fgfr2 was expressed in the anterior neural plate and somitic mesoderm, whereas fgfr3 was activated in the axial mesoderm and then in the midbrain and somitic mesoderm. During somitogenesis, each of these fgfr genes was expressed in a characteristic manner in the brain. Using an FGF signal inhibitor, dominant‐negative FGF receptors and fgf8.1/fgf8a mutants, we found that fgfr expression is directly or indirectly regulated by FGF signaling during epiboly and at the end of somitogenesis, revealing the presence of an autoregulatory mechanism. genesis 48:707–716, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Combined Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study on the Pd‐Mediated Cycloisomerization of o‐Alkynylnitrobenzenes – Synthesis of Isatogens and Their Evaluation as Modulators of ROS‐Mediated Cell Death (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 31/2010)
Authors: Ramana Chepuri V. , Patel Pitambar , Vanka Kumar , Miao Benchun , Degterev Alexei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the historical details of the nitro–alkyne cycloisomerization leading to isatogens. Since the first documentation of this reaction by Baeyer (picture of Baeyer and the corresponding literature citation are shown) in the late 19th century, a mild and general method for the synthesis of isatogens has been sought. The electrophilic PdII halide complexes are found to bring about this cyclization to provide the desired isatogens and accommodate both aryl and alkyl substituents as well as tolerate commonly employed protecting groups/functional units. Details of the course of the reaction through advanced theoretical studies and the utility of isatogens as new ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavengers are discussed in the article by C. V. Ramana, K. Vanka, A. Degterev et. al. on p. 5955 ff.
Conceptualizing the cross‐cultural gaps in managing international aid: HIV/AIDS and TB project delivery in Southern Africa
Authors: Jackson Terence 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere appears to be a gap between the billions of dollars inputted into fighting HIV/AIDS and TB and outcomes. This in part can be attributed to the lack of attention in International Development to managing programmes and projects within complex levels of cross‐cultural interactions. International Development often ignores management issues, yet Management Studies is left wanting through a lack of engagement with development issues including the fight against disease and poverty. This paper attempts to link these two disciplines towards mutual benefit, through a critical cross‐cultural approach. It provides contextualization of international development policies/strategies; conceptualization of dominant paradigms; structural analysis of how a programme/project fits into the global governance structure; analysis of complexities and levels of cross‐cultural interaction and their consequences and the process and implications of knowledge transfer across cultural distances. It concludes with implications for policy and practice, as well as what is needed from cross‐disciplinary research. This includes how feedback loops can be strengthened from local to global, how indigenous knowledge may be better understood and integrated, how power relations within the global governance structure could be managed, how cross‐cultural interaction could be better understood, and how knowledge transfer/sharing should be critically managed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computerized evaluation of mean residence times in multicompartmental linear system and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Villalba J. M. , Barbero A. J. , Diaz‐Sierra R. , Arribas E. , Garcia‐Meseguer M. J. , Garcia‐Sevilla F. , Garcia‐Moreno M. , De Labra J. A. Vidal , Varon R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDeriving mean residence times (MRTs) is an important task both in pharmacokinetics and in multicompartmental linear systems. Taking as starting point the analysis of MRTs in open or closed (Garcia‐Meseguer et al., Bull Math Biol 2003, 65, 279) multicompartmental linear systems, we implement a versatile software, using the Visual Basic 6.0 language for MS‐Windows, that is easy to use and with a user‐friendly format for the input of data and the output of results. For any multicompartmental linear system of up to 512 compartments, whether closed or open, with traps or without traps and with zero input in one or more of the compartments, this software allows the user to obtain the symbolic expressions, in the most simplified form, and/or the numerical values of the MRTs in any of its compartments, in the entire system or in a part of the system. As far as we known from the literature, such a software has not been implemented before. The advantage of the present software is that it reduces on the work time needed and minimizes the human errors that are frequent in compartmental systems even those that are relatively staightforward. The software bioCelTer, along with instructions, can be downloaded from http://oretano.iele‐ab.uclm.es/∼fgarcia/bioCelTer/. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Temperature gradient interaction chromatography of polymers: A molecular statistical model
Authors: Radke Wolfgang , Lee Sekyung , Chang Taihyun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new model describing the retention in temperature gradient interaction chromatography of polymers is developed. The model predicts that polymers might elute in temperature gradient interaction chromatography in either an increasing or decreasing order or even nearly independent of molar mass, depending on the rate of the temperature increase relative to the flow rate. This is in contrast to solvent gradient elution, where polymers elute either in order of increasing molar mass or molar mass independent. The predictions of the newly developed model were verified with the literature data as well as new experimental data.
Separation of linear and star‐shaped polystyrenes by phase distribution chromatography
Authors: Boye Susanne , Scharfenberg Linda , Lederer Albena 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe phase distribution chromatographic technique was optimized and applied for the separation of linear and star‐shaped polystyrene (PS). For this purpose non‐crosslinked, ultra high molecular weight PS coated on different supporting materials was used. The stability of the coating under chromatographic conditions was tested by thermo gravimetric analysis and microscopic techniques. The modification of different column packing materials was tested. Separation according to branching was indicated for different molecular weights of linear and star‐shaped PS. The resolution of the separation was improved by changing the density of the stationary phase and the temperature. The separation results were supported by cloud point measurements and the determination of the critical conditions for linear and star‐polymers at the same molecular weight.
Influence of Screw Speed on Electrical and Rheological Percolation of Melt‐Mixed High‐Impact Polystyrene/MWCNT Nanocomposites
Authors: McClory Caroline , Pötschke Petra , McNally Tony 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe influence of screw speed on the electrical and rheological percolation of HIPS/MWCNT composites prepared via melt mixing was investigated. Microscopic examination of these composites using POM, FESEM and HRTEM revealed optimum MWCNT dispersion was achieved at intermediate screw speeds. On addition of MWCNTs to HIPS, the electrical conductivity of HIPS increased by up to 12 orders of magnitude. At screw speeds up to 100 rpm an electrical percolation of 1–3 wt.‐% was achieved. This increased to 3–5 wt.‐% when the screw speed was increased to 150 rpm. The onset of a rheological percolation was detected for an MWCNT loading of 5 wt.‐%, irrespective of screw speed employed. An up‐shift in the Raman G‐band of 24 cm−1 was observed, implying strong interfacial interaction between HIPS and MWCNTs.
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Rapid Photocrosslinkable Thermoresponsive Injectable Polyphosphazene Hydrogels
Authors: Potta Thrimoorthy , Chun ChangJu , Song Soo‐Chang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRapidly photocrosslinkable and thermosensitive polyphosphazene polymers have been prepared to overcome the limitations associated with long UV exposure. Short UV exposure on the thermosensitive gels under mild conditions leads to quick photocrosslinking of the acrylate groups in the polymer network, and results in a dual crosslinked network with enhanced mechanical strength. The accelerated photocrosslinking can be attributed to the high reactivity of the acrylate double bond and hydrophobic interactions in the polymer network. The effects on the degree of photocrosslinking of the UV light intensity and the concentration of the photoinitiator were studied. In vitro and in vivo photocrosslinkings were accomplished within 120 and 180 s of exposure times, respectively. The degradation rate of the polymers depended on the degree of acrylate substitution in the polymer network. These results demonstrate that the injectable hydrogels with desired mechanical properties and degradation rates can be created in situ under mild photocrosslinkable conditions, and the dual crosslinkable acrylated poly(organophosphazenes) may hold great promise for biomedical delivery applications of biological molecules, cells, and drugs. magnified image
Cell Uptake and Trafficking Behavior of Non‐covalent, Coiled‐coil Based Polymer–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Apostolovic Bojana , Deacon Samuel P.E. , Duncan Ruth , Klok Harm‐Anton 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper reports on the cell uptake and trafficking properties of a series of non‐covalent polymer–drug conjugates. These nanomedicines are composed of a poly(N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) backbone functionalized with multiple copies of a drug. The drug moieties are attached to the polymer via a non‐covalent, so called coiled coil motif, which is formed by heterodimerization of two complementary peptide strands, one of which is attached to the polymer carrier and the other to the drug. Cytotoxicity and FACS experiments, which were carried out with model anticancer drug or fluorophore conjugates, provided insight into the cell uptake and trafficking behavior of these conjugates. magnified image