bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glenohumeral Range of Motion in Major League Pitchers
Authors: Freehill Michael T. , Ebel Brian G. , Archer Kristin R. , Bancells Richard L. , Wilckens John H. , McFarland Edward G. , Cosgarea Andrew J. 
Published: September 2010

Background: Although overhead throwing athletes may develop unique glenohumeral range of motion characteristics, to our knowledge these characteristics have not been studied longitudinally in major league pitchers. Hypothesis: Major league pitchers (starters and relievers) experience an increase in glenohumeral external rotation and a decrease in internal rotation and total range of motion. Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit worsens over a regular playing season. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: In 21 major league baseball pitchers (29 individual playing seasons), glenohumeral range of motion was measured in external and internal rotation for the throwing and nonthrowing shoulders before and at the conclusion of the regular season. The total range of motion (the sum of external rotation and internal rotation) and the glenohumeral internal rotation deficit were calculated (the difference between internal rotation of the nonthrowing shoulder minus that of the throwing shoulder), and data were compared between starting and relief pitchers. Results: The overall mean changes in external rotation (+1.5°), internal rotation (+2.7°), and total range of motion (+3.3°) were not statistically significant. However, starting pitchers showed statistically significant increases in internal rotation (+6.5°, P = 0.01) and total range of motion (+7.9°, P = 0.04), whereas relief pitchers had significant worsening of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (+5.3°, P = 0.04). Conclusions: The characteristics of glenohumeral range of motion in major league pitchers did not differ significantly from the beginning to the end of a season, but significant changes did occur between starting and relief pitchers. Clinical Relevance: Adaptations to the daily routines of starter and reliever pitchers may be warranted on the basis of these findings.
An accompanying genetic severe deficiency of tissue factor protects mice with a protein C deficiency from lethal endotoxemia
Authors: Castellino Francis J. , Donahue Deborah L. , Navari Rudolph M. , Ploplis Victoria A. , Walsh Mark 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Mice with a severe genetic deficiency of protein C (PC), PC−/−PC(tg4), display enhanced susceptibility to lethal effects of gram-negative endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas mice severely deficient in tissue factor (TF), TF−/−hTF(tg), are protected from LPS-mediated lethality. In this study, we show that a simultaneous severe deficiency of TF protected low-PC mice from LPS-induced death, resulting in a survival profile similar to that experienced by wild-type (WT) mice. Plasma and whole blood coagulation assays, the latter measured by thromboelastography, demonstrated development of coagulopathies in LPS-treated mice, which were more severe in the case of the doubly deficient TF−/−hTF(tg)/PC−/−PC(tg4) mice, mainly reflecting earlier signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation in this latter cohort. Markers of inflammation were also elevated in response to LPS in both groups of mice at times just preceding death. We conclude that whereas coagulopathies are more exacerbated in LPS-treated TF−/−hTF(tg)/PC−/−PC(tg4) mice, the lowering of TF levels in mice with an accompanying severe PC deficiency confers protection against death compared with mice with a single severe PC deficiency. This suggests that proteases generated as a result of factor VIIa/TF–mediated thrombin generation play a mechanistic role in the enhanced lethality seen under very low PC conditions in an endotoxemia model in mice.
Similar patterns of rDNA evolution in synthetic and recently formed natural populations of Tragopogon(Asteraceae) allotetraploids
Authors: Malinska Hana , Tate Jennifer A , Matyasek Roman , Leitch Andrew R , Soltis Douglas E , Soltis Pamela S , Kovarik Ales 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundTragopogon mirusandT. miscellusare allotetraploids (2n= 24) that formed repeatedly during the past 80 years in eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho (USA) following the introduction of the diploidsT. dubius,T. porrifolius, andT. pratensis(2n= 12) from Europe. In most natural populations ofT. mirusandT. miscellus, there are far fewer 35S rRNA genes (rDNA) ofT. dubiusthan there are of the other diploid parent (T. porrifoliusorT. pratensis). We studied the inheritance of parental rDNA loci in allotetraploids resynthesized from diploid accessions. We investigate the dynamics and directionality of these rDNA losses, as well as the contribution of gene copy number variation in the parental diploids to rDNA variation in the derived tetraploids.ResultsUsing Southern blot hybridization and fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH), we analyzed copy numbers and distribution of these highly reiterated genes in seven lines of syntheticT. mirus(110 individuals) and four lines of syntheticT. miscellus(71 individuals). Variation among diploid parents accounted for most of the observed gene imbalances detected in F1hybrids but cannot explain frequent deviations from repeat additivity seen in the allotetraploid lines. Polyploid lineages involving the same diploid parents differed in rDNA genotype, indicating that conditions immediately following genome doubling are crucial for rDNA changes. About 19% of the resynthesized allotetraploid individuals had equal rDNA contributions from the diploid parents, 74% were skewed towards eitherT. porrifoliusorT. pratensis-type units, and only 7% had more rDNA copies ofT. dubius-origin compared to the other two parents. Similar genotype frequencies were observed among natural populations. Despite directional reduction of units, the additivity of 35S rDNA locus number is maintained in 82% of the synthetic lines and in all natural allotetraploids.ConclusionsUniparental reductions of homeologous rRNA gene copies occurred in both synthetic and natural populations ofTragopogonallopolyploids. The extent of these rDNA changes was generally higher in natural populations than in the synthetic lines. We hypothesize that locus-specific and chromosomal changes in early generations of allopolyploids may influence patterns of rDNA evolution in later generations.
Transcriptome and expression profiling analysis revealed changes of multiple signaling pathways involved in immunity in the large yellow croaker during Aeromonas hydrophila infection
Authors: Mu Yinnan , Ding Feng , Cui Peng , Ao Jingqun , Hu Songnian , Chen Xinhua 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) is an economically important marine fish in China suffering from severe outbreaks of infectious disease caused by marine bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), resulting in great economic losses. However, the mechanisms involved in the immune response of this fish to bacterial infection are not fully understood. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response to such pathogenic bacteria, we used high-throughput deep sequencing technology to investigate the transcriptome and comparative expression profiles of the large yellow croaker infected with A. hydrophila.

Results
A total of 13,611,340 reads were obtained and assembled into 26,313 scaffolds in transcriptional responses of the A. hydrophila-infected large yellow croaker. Via annotation to the NCBI database, we obtained 8216 identified unigenes. In total, 5590 (68%) unigenes were classified into Gene Ontology, and 3094 unigenes were found in 20 KEGG categories. These genes included representatives from almost all functional categories. By using Solexa/Illumina's DeepSAGE, 1996 differentially expressed genes (P value < 0.05) were detected in comparative analysis of the expression profiles between A. hydrophila-infected fish and control fish, including 727 remarkably upregulated genes and 489 remarkably downregulated genes. Dramatic differences were observed in genes involved in the inflammatory response. Bacterial infection affected the gene expression of many components of signaling cascades, including the Toll-like receptor, JAK-STAT, and MAPK pathways. Genes encoding factors involved in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling were also revealed to be regulated by infection in these fish.

Conclusion
Based on our results, we conclude that the inflammatory response may play an important role in the early stages of infection. The signaling cascades such as the Toll-like receptor, JAK-STAT, and MAPK pathways are regulated by A. hydrophila infection. Interestingly, genes encoding factors involved in TCR signaling were revealed to be downregulated by infection, indicating that TCR signaling was suppressed at this early period. These results revealed changes of multiple signaling pathways involved in immunity during A. hydrophila infection, which will facilitate our comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune response to bacterial infection in the large yellow croaker.
The epidemiology of infectious gastroenteritis related reactive arthritis in U.S. military personnel: a case-control study
Authors: Curry Jennifer A , Riddle Mark S , Gormley Robert P , Tribble David R , Porter Chad K 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a recognized sequela of infectious gastroenteritis (IGE). However, the population-based incidence of IGE-related ReA is poorly defined, and the risk of disease has not previously been characterized in a military population. The intent of this study was to provide estimates of the incidence and morbidity associated with IGE-related ReA in the U.S. military population.

Methods
Using active duty US military medical encounter data from the Defense Medical Surveillance System, we conducted a matched case-control study to assess the risk of ReA following IGE. Both specific and nonspecific case definitions were utilized to address ICD-9 coding limitations; these included specific ReA (Reiter's Disease or postdysenteric arthritis) and nonspecific arthritis/arthralgia (N.A.A) (which included several related arthropathy and arthralgia diagnoses). Incidence was estimated using events and the total number of active duty personnel for each year.

Results
506 cases of specific ReA were identified in active duty personnel between 1999 and 2007. Another 16,365 cases of N.A.A. were identified. Overall incidence was 4.1 (95% CI: 3.7, 4.5) and 132.0 (95% CI, 130.0-134.0) per 100,000 for specific ReA and N.A.A, respectively. Compared to the youngest age category, the incidence of both outcomes increased 7-fold with a concurrent increase in symptom duration for cases over the age of 40. Specific IGE exposures were documented in 1.4% of subjects. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a significant association between IGE and ReA (specific reactive arthritis OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 2.24, 8.73; N.A.A OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.49, 2.07).

Conclusions
Reactive arthritis may be more common in military populations than previously described. The burden of ReA and strong association with antecedent IGE warrants continued IGE prevention efforts.
Newly discovered KI, WU, and Merkel cell polyomaviruses: No evidence of mother-to-fetus transmission
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Riipinen Anita , Väisänen Elina , Chen Tingting , Kantola Kalle , Surcel Heljä-Marja , Karikoski Riitta , Taskinen Helena , Söderlund-Venermo Maria , Hedman Klaus 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Three* human polyomaviruses have been discovered recently, KIPyV, WUPyV and MCPyV. These viruses appear to circulate ubiquitously; however, their clinical significance beyond Merkel cell carcinoma is almost completely unknown. In particular, nothing is known about their preponderance in vertical transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of fetal infections by these viruses. We sought the three by PCR, and MCPyV also by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), from 535 fetal autopsy samples (heart, liver, placenta) from intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFDs) (N = 169), miscarriages (120) or induced abortions (246). We also measured the MCPyV IgG antibodies in the corresponding maternal sera (N = 462) mostly from the first trimester.

Results
No sample showed KIPyV or WUPyV DNA. Interestingly, one placenta was reproducibly PCR positive for MCPyV. Among the 462 corresponding pregnant women, 212 (45.9%) were MCPyV IgG seropositive.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that none of the three emerging polyomaviruses often cause miscarriages or IUFDs, nor are they transmitted to fetuses. Yet, more than half the expectant mothers were susceptible to infection by the MCPyV.
Detection of DNA fusion junctions for BCR-ABL translocations by Anchored ChromPET
Authors: Shibata Yoshiyuki , Malhotra Ankit , Dutta Anindya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAnchored ChromPET, a technique to capture and interrogate targeted sequences in the genome, has been developed to identify chromosomal aberrations and define breakpoints. Using this method, we could define the BCR-ABL1 translocation DNA breakpoint to a base-pair resolution in Philadelphia chromosome-positive samples. This DNA-based method is highly sensitive and can detect the fusion junction using samples from which it is hard to obtain RNA or cells where the RNA expression has been silenced.
Mary Pickford as Shakespearean Shrew: Redefining the Image of America’s Sweetheart
Authors: Loftis Sonya Freeman 
Published: September 2010

In this article, Loftis examines Sam Taylor's 1929 The Taming of the Shrew as a failed revision of the original play. The film is all-talking and was released in the early stages of feature soundtrack cinema, and starred famous silent film actress, Mary Pickford. Loftis notes that Pickford had her own agenda: to revitalise and rebrand her career and hopefully become the new "America's Sweetheart". However, she tragically fails to change anything in the adaption, and in actual fact, reaffirms the image that was created before. Loftis begins by discussing Pickford's transition into 'talkies'. Previously, Pickford played many child roles, whereas her costume in this adaptation vastly changed, giving her a new sexualised image. Loftis continues by discussing representations and re-workings of the Shakespearean Shrew, before turning to an examination of the ambiguous ending, as well as critical reception surrounding it. Though Taylor's adaptation attempted to be innovative, it ultimately ends up re-treading old ground, and ambiguity is reinstated by Pickford's portrayal of Katherine.
The noun phrase in Boruca: studying a recently extinct language
Authors: Castro Damaris 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This article provides a description of the noun phrase in Boruca, a recently extinct Chibchan language once spoken in Costa Rica. Divided into four main sections, this paper addresses noun formation processes, the constituents of the noun phrase, and its syntactic processes, as well as illustrating all of the above characteristics in a sample text. In sum, both the internal structure and the external relations of the noun phrase are presented. Given the state of the language, the author has relied primarily on secondary sources, complemented by examples of sentences produced by the last semi-speaker of the language.
Hydrophobic Nature of the Support: a Significant Effect on Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane with Pure Oxygen
Authors: Wang Deqiang , Zhang Yi Bo , Li Jing , Yang Xiangguang 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The relationship between the hydrophobic characteristic of supportsand the reactivity of the liquid oxidation of cyclohexane using oxygen as oxidant was investigated. Co3O4 supported on amorphous silica was silylated with organosilane and characterized by FT-IR, contact angle testing and the retention of cyclohexane and cyclohexanone tesing on GC. Compared with unsilylated catalyst, the conversion of cycloheaxane was greatly enhanced with the silylated catalyst. And the correlation of reactivity and hydrophobicity of was observed.
Penang Bridge widening: design and construction challenges
Authors: Corbett P. W , Buckby R. J. , Wee E. L. 
Published: September 2010

The Penang Bridge is a 13·5 km long road crossing connecting Penang Island to peninsular Malaysia. In order to increase traffic capacity, approximately 6 km of low-level viaduct sections of the crossing were widened by the addition of a new lane and hard shoulder in each direction. This challenging project invovled the construction of new decks, piers and deep-piled foundations in close proximity to the existing structure, with extensive use of heavy plant and machinery mounted on marine barges. Key project objectives were to maintain an operational highway at all times and to safeguard the existing structure during the works. The latter invovled the development of a construction sequence designed to minimise the load transfer from the new works onto the existing structure, and the implementation of a rigorous monitoring regime during pile constrution.
Surface Roughness of Commercial Composites after Different Polishing Protocols: An Analysis with Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Giacomelli Luca , Derchi Giacomo , Frustaci Andrea , Bruno Orlando , Covani Ugo , Barone Antonio , De Santis Daniele , Chiappelli Francesco 
Published: September 2010

Background and Aims:
Polishing may increase the surface roughness of composites, with a possible effect on bacterial growth and material properties. This preliminary in vitro study evaluates the effect of three different polishing systems (PoGo polishers, Enhance, Venus Supra) on six direct resin composites (Gradia Direct, Venus, Venus Diamond, Enamel Plus HFO, Tetric Evoceram, Filtek Supreme XT).

Materials and Methods:
For each composite, 12 square specimens were prepared: 9 specimens were polished, three for each different method, while three specimens were used as controls. Surface roughness was determined with AFM by measuring Root Mean Square (RMS) of average height.

Results:
PoGo polisher determined a significantly rougher surface, versus controls, in 5 out of 6 composites evaluated. Some significant differences from unpolished controls were observed also for Enhance polishing. Polishing with Venus Supra did not result in any significant difference in surface roughness versus controls. No differences were observed between different polishing systems.

Conclusions:
These preliminary results suggest that Venus Supra polishing system could determine a smoother composite surface if compared to the other polishing systems tested. On this basis, we are conducting an in vivo study to evaluate bacterial colonization on some combinations of composites and polishing protocols.
Basal and Insulin Mediated VLDL-Triglyceride Kinetics in Type 2 Diabetic Men
Authors: Sørensen Lars P. , Andersen Iben R. , Søndergaard Esben , Gormsen Lars C. , Schmitz Ole , Christiansen Jens S. , Nielsen Søren 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
Increased very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) concentration is a central feature of diabetic dyslipidemia. The objective was to compare basal and insulin mediated VLDL-TG kinetics, oxidation, and adipose tissue storage in type 2 diabetic and healthy (nondiabetic) men.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eleven type 2 diabetic and 11 healthy men, matched for BMI and age, were included. Ex vivo-labeled VLDL-TG tracers, blood and breath samples, fat biopsies, indirect calorimetry, and body composition measures were applied to determine VLDL-TG kinetics, VLDL-TG fatty acids (FA) oxidation, and storage in regional adipose tissue before and during a hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic clamp.

RESULTS
VLDL-TG secretion was significantly greater in diabetic compared with healthy men (basal: 86.9 [31.0] vs. 61.9 [30.0] μmol/min, P = 0.03; clamp: 60.0 [26.2] vs. 34.2 [17.9] μmol · min−1, P = 0.01). The insulin mediated suppression of VLDL-TG secretion was significant in both groups. VLDL-TG clearance was lower in diabetic men (basal: 84.6 [32.7] vs. 115.4 [44.3] ml · min−1, P = 0.08; clamp: 76.3 [30.6] vs. 119.0 [50.2] ml · min−1, P = 0.03). During hyperinsulinemia fractional VLDL-TG FA oxidation was comparable, but in percentage of energy expenditure (EE), significantly higher in diabetic men. Basal VLDL-TG storage was similar, but significantly greater in abdominal compared with leg fat.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased VLDL-TG in type 2 diabetic men is caused by greater VLDL-TG secretion and less so by lower VLDL-TG clearance. The ability of hyperinsulinemia to suppress VLDL-TG secretion appears preserved. During hyperinsulinemia VLDL-TG FA oxidation is significantly increased in proportion of EE in type 2 diabetic men. Greater basal abdominal VLDL-TG storage may help explain the accumulation of upper-body fat in insulin-resistant individuals.
Early rebleeding after coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Jartti Pekka , Isokangas Juha-Matti , Karttunen Ari , Jartti Airi , Haapea Marianne , Koskelainen Tatu , Tervonen Osmo 
Published: September 2010

Background: Early rebleeding after coiling of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (IA) may cause disability or death. The incidence and predictors of early rebleeding have previously been sparsely investigated. Purpose: To assess the incidence and risk factors of early rebleeding after coiling of a ruptured IA and to analyze the outcome of the patients suffering early rehemorrhage. Material and Methods: The data of 194 consecutive acutely (within 3 days) coiled patients with saccular ruptured IAs were analyzed. Age, gender, hypertension, aneurysm multiplicity, Hunt et Hess (HH) grade, intracerebral hematoma (ICH), intraventricular hematoma (IVH), external ventricular drainage (EVD), aneurysm location and size, and the grade of the initial aneurysm occlusion were tested to find the risk factors for early rebleeding. The outcome of the patients suffering rehemorrhage was verified. Results: Early rebleeding after coiling occurred in 7 patients out of 194 (3.6%). The presence of an ICH at admission and HH grade 3–5 before coiling were significant risk factors for rebleeding. An early rehemorrhage appeared as an enlargement of the initial ICH in all of these patients. Six of seven patients had good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale, GOS, 3–5). Logistic regression analysis did not find any other statistically significant risk factors. Conclusion: The incidence of early rebleeding after acutely coiled ruptured IA was 3.6%. Risk factors for post-procedural rehemorrhage were the presence of ICH on the initial CT and HH grade 3–5 before coiling. Early rebleeding appeared exclusively as an enlargement of the initial ICH and not an increased amount of blood in the subarachnoid space.