bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the signal transduction pathways triggered by galectin–glycan interactions in physiological and pathological settings
Authors: Laderach Diego J. , Compagno Daniel , Toscano Marta A. , Croci Diego O. , Dergan‐Dylon Sebastián , Salatino Mariana , Rabinovich Gabriel A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGalectins are a family of evolutionarily conserved animal lectins with pleiotropic functions and widespread distribution. Fifteen members have been identified in a wide variety of cells and tissues. Through recognition of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids, these endogenous lectins can trigger a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways capable of modulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and migration. These cellular events are critical in a variety of biological processes including embryogenesis, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and immunity and are substantially altered during tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. In addition, galectins can modulate intracellular functions and this effect involves direct interactions with distinct signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by this multifunctional family of β‐galactoside‐binding proteins in selected physiological and pathological settings. Understanding the “galectin signalosome” will be essential to delineate rational therapeutic strategies based on the specific control of galectin expression and function. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(1):1–13, 2010
Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes Hsp90 association with STAT3 in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Setati Mokgadi M. , Prinsloo Earl , Longshaw Victoria M. , Murray Patricia A. , Edgar David H. , Blatch Gregory L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSelf‐renewal of in vitro cultured mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells is dependent on the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). LIF induces overexpression and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and its subsequent nuclear translocation. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is involved in the activation and maturation of a wide variety of substrate proteins. We investigated the effect of LIF withdrawal on the protein expression levels of STAT3 and Hsp90 and on the interactions between STAT3 and Hsp90. Taken together the data presented here suggest that LIF promotes the interaction of Hsp90 with STAT3 during self‐renewal, indicating a potentially pivotal role for Hsp90 in the LIF‐based maintenance of self‐renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(1):61–66, 2010
Therapy for lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Beck Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the last years, much progress has been achieved in the field of lysosomal storage disorders. In the past, no specific treatment was available for the affected patients; management mainly consisted of supportive care and treatment of complications. As orphan drug regulations, however, encouraged development of drugs for these disorders by granting marketing exclusivity for 10 years and other commercial benefits, enzyme replacement therapy became available for lysosomal storage disorders, such as Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, mucopolysaccharidoses type I, II, and VI, and Pompe disease. This review will summarize the efficacy and clinical status of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement, and substrate deprivation therapy, and describe new therapeutic perspectives currently under preclinical investigations such as chaperone‐mediated therapy, stop‐codon read‐through therapy, and gene therapy. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(1):33–40, 2010
Mycobacterial stress regulation: The Dps “twin sister” defense mechanism and structure‐function relationship
Authors: Chowdhury Rakhi Pait , Saraswathi Ramachandran , Chatterji Dipankar 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this work, we have tried to emphasize the connection between mycobacterial growth and regulation of gene expression. Utilization of multiple carbon sources and diauxic growth helps bacteria to regulate gene expression at an optimum level so that the inhospitable conditions encountered during nutrient depletion can be circumvented. These aspects will be discussed with respect to mycobacterial growth in subsequent sections. Identification and characterization of genes induced under such conditions is helpful to understand the physiology of the bacterium. Although it is necessary to compare the total expression profile of proteins as they transit from vegetative growth to stationary phase, at times a lot of insights can be deciphered from the expression pattern of one or two proteins. We have compared the protein expression and sigma factor selectivity of two such proteins in M. smegmatis to understand the differential regulation of genes playing diverse function in the same species. Some newer insights on the structure and function of one of the Dps proteins are also explained. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(1):67–77, 2010
Micro‐RNA‐375 inhibits lung surfactant secretion by altering cytoskeleton reorganization
Authors: Zhang Honghao , Mishra Amarjit , Chintagari Narendranath Reddy , Gou Deming , Liu Lin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLung surfactant is secreted via exocytosis of lamellar bodies from alveolar epithelial type II cells. Whether micro‐RNAs regulate lung surfactant secretion is unknown. Micro‐RNA‐375 (miR‐375) has been shown to be involved in insulin secretion. In this article, we report that the overexpression of miR‐375 inhibited lung surfactant secretion. However, miR‐125a, miR‐30a, miR‐1, miR‐382 and miR‐101 did not influence lung surfactant secretion. miR‐375 had no effects on surfactant synthesis or the formation of lamellar bodies. However, miR‐375 did abolish the lung surfactant secretagogue‐induced disassembly and reassembly of cytoskeleton. Our results suggest that miR‐375 regulates surfactant secretion via the reorganization of cytoskeleton. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(1):78–83, 2010
Transforming growth factor‐β activated kinase 1 signaling pathways regulate TNF‐α production by titanium alloy particles in RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Cheng Tao , Peng Xiao‐Chun , Li Feng‐Feng , Zhang Xian‐Long , Hu Kong‐Zu , Zhu Jun‐Feng , Zeng Bing‐Fang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractImplant particles may induce inflammatory response by activating the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK). Previous studies have shown that these signaling pathways are involved in the transforming growth factor‐β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in signaling cascades induced by the receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) as well as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). In this study, the roles of the TAK1 pathway in the production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to titanium alloy particles were investigated. Endogenous TAK1 was phosphorylated upon simulating RAW 264.7 cells by titanium alloy particles. The critical role for TAK1 in p38MAPK and NFκB activation was as well confirmed by the inhibition of p38MAPK and NFκB activity following 5Z‐7‐oxozeaenol, a selective inhibitor of TAK1. Furthermore, it was found that TNF‐α was completely blocked by 5Z‐7‐oxozeaenol in RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that the TAK1‐MAPK‐NFκB signaling pathways may be a potential pharmacological target that can prevent instability for arthroplasty prosthesis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
In vivo evaluation of acellular human dermis for abdominal wall repair
Authors: Eberli Daniel , Rodriguez Sergio , Atala Anthony , Yoo James J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLimitations of synthetic biomaterials for abdominal wall repair have led investigators to seek naturally derived matrices, such as human acellular dermis, because of their excellent biocompatibility and their ability to naturally interface with host tissues with minimal tissue response. In this study, we investigated two different biomaterials derived from human dermis (FlexHD acellular dermis and FlexHD acellular dermis‐thick) in a rabbit abdominal hernia repair model. One quarter of the abdominal wall was replaced with each biomaterial, and the animals were followed for up to 24 weeks. Rabbit hernias repaired with AlloDerm®, a commercially available acellular dermal matrix, and sham operated animals served as controls. Retrieved samples of these implants were assessed grossly and histologically. Collagen production measurements and tension studies were performed. FlexHD acellular dermis, FlexHD acellular dermis‐thick, and AlloDerm® maintained their strength in the rabbit hernia repair model with no incidence of hernia formation or bowel adhesion. The exact size measurements at 24 weeks were 217.0 ± 20.9% for FlexHD acellular dermis, 200.8 ± 23.5% for FlexHD acellular dermis‐thick, and 209.7 ± 32.9% for AlloDerm®. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation showed excellent integration and tissue formation. All biomaterials studied harbored cells that produced new collagen fibers, and a six‐fold increase in these fibers was observed at 24 weeks. This study shows that acellular biomaterials derived from human dermis are suitable for abdominal hernia repair. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Alveolar ridge augmentation in irradiated rabbit mandibles
Authors: Jegoux Franck , Aguado Eric , Cognet Ronan , Malard Olivier , Moreau Françoise , Daculsi Guy , Goyenvalle Eric 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOral carcinomas are frequently treated with a nonsegmental mandibulectomy plus radiotherapy. Improving the quality of life of these patients depends on the possibilities for dental rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to increase the alveolar ridge height. Twelve white New Zealand rabbits underwent surgery to produce a 11 × 9 × 7 mm3 horizontal bicortical full‐thickness defect at the alveolar ridge of the left mandible. Six were implanted with a composite associating resorbable collagen membrane filled with micro‐macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate granules. After a daily radiation delivery schedule for 4 weeks, a total autologous bone marrow graft was injected percutaneously into the center of the implant. All animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks. Successful osseous colonization was observed in all implants. Significant ridge augmentation was observed (p = 0.0349) in the implanted group compared with the control group. This study contributed to producing an experimental model for oncological mandible defects in rabbits. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Growth factor delivery through electrospun nanofibers in scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Sahoo Sambit , Ang Lay Teng , Goh James Cho‐Hong , Toh Siew‐Lok 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTissue engineering scaffolds should ideally mimic the natural ECM in structure and function. Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds are easily fabricated and possess a biomimetic nanostructure. Scaffolds can mimic ECM function by acting as a depot for sustained release of growth factors. bFGF, an important growth factor involved in tissue repair and mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation, is a suitable candidate for sustained delivery from scaffolds. In this study, we present two types of PLGA nanofibers incorporated with bFGF, fabricated using the facile technique of blending and electrospinning (Group I) and by the more complex technique of coaxial electrospinning (Group II). bFGF was randomly dispersed in Group I and distributed as a central core within Group II nanofibers; both scaffolds showed similar protein encapsulation efficiency and release over 1–2 weeks. Although both scaffold groups favored bone marrow stem cell attachment and subsequent proliferation, cells cultured on Group I scaffolds demonstrated increased collagen production and upregulated gene expression of specific ECM proteins, indicating fibroblastic differentiation. The study shows that the electrospinning technique could be used to prolong growth factor release from scaffolds and an appropriately sustained growth factor release profile in combination with a nanofibrous substrate could positively influence stem cell behavior and fate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
In vitrouptake of amphiphilic, hydrogel nanoparticles by J774A.1 cells
Authors: Missirlis Dimitris , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe here report improved synthesis andin vitrointeractions of amphiphilic hydrogel nanoparticles with the macrophage cell line J774A.1. Nanoparticles comprising dispersed hydrophobic nanodomains of poly(propylene glycol) within a continuous phase of hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared via inverse emulsion crosslinking polymerization, using acrylated PEG and Pluronic® F127 as macromonomer blocks. Functionality and fluorescent labeling were achieved through incorporation of reactive comonomers anda posteriorireaction with fluorescein, respectively. When introduced to a static cell culture of adhered J774A.1 macrophages, the cells internalized these hydrogel nanoparticles in a dose‐ and time‐ dependent manner through clathrin‐mediated and other pathways. Amphiphilic nanoparticle uptake was however dramatically lower than that of a model system (Fluospheres®) and similar to PEG‐coated colloids reported in the literature, which are considered “stealth.” Our findings support the potential of the nanoparticles presented here as long‐circulating drug carriers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Influence of anodization on the adhesion of calcium phosphate coatings on titanium substrates
Authors: Blackwood Daniel J. , Seah Kar Heng W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractElectrochemical deposition is an attractive technique for the deposition of calcium phosphate, especially hydroxyapatite, on titanium implants. However, the adhesion of these coatings to the titanium substrates needs to be improved for clinical use. It is demonstrated that anodization of a titanium alloy does marginally increase the adhesion of calcium phosphate coatings. Although scratch test measurements on coatings deposited at a constant potential appear to suggest that adhesion improves with increased thickness of the anodized layer, when a constant current is used to deposit the coatings their adhesion becomes independent of the thickness of the anodized layer. This apparent contradiction is explained by the thicker oxides acting as larger series resistors that reduce the magnitude of the current density when deposition is conducted at a constant potential. The resulting lower current density is responsible for increased adhesion of the calcium phosphate coating. It was also observed that surface roughness affects the interfacial adhesion strength between the coating and the titanium substrate, with a more adherent coating being formed over a rough surface. However, adhesion becomes independent of surface finish at levels smoother than 600 grit, suggesting that mechanical interlocking is not the sole force at play. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/halloysite nanotubes bionanocomposite films: Properties and in vitro osteoblasts and fibroblasts response
Authors: Zhou Wen You , Guo Baochun , Liu Mingxian , Liao Ruijuan , Rabie A. Bakr M. , Jia Demin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, transparent poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and PVA/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) bionanocomposite films were prepared by solution casting and glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking. The surface topography and chemistry of the films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. Blending with HNTs induced changes in nanotopography and surface chemistry of PVA films. The mechanical properties of PVA were enhanced by the incorporated HNTs. The stain‐induced crystallization was confirmed by DSC after tensile test. MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells were cultured on neat PVA and PVA/HNTs films to evaluate the effects of surface nanotopography and composition on cell behavior. The observations indicated that MC3T3‐E1 cell behavior strongly responded to surface nanotopography. On nanotube‐dominant surface, cells exhibited a significantly higher level of adhesion than on neat PVA film, whereas neat PVA showed higher degree of osteoblast proliferation compared with PVA/HNTs. In vitro fibroblasts response demonstrated that both neat PVA and PVA/HNTs nanocomposite films were biocompatible and PVA/HNTs films favored to fibroblasts attach and growth below 7.5 wt % of HNTs incorporated. In summary, these results provided insights into understanding of PVA and PVA/HNTs bionanocomposite films in potential applications in bone tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Biocompatibility of porous polyethylene implants tissue‐engineered by extracellular matrix and VEGF
Authors: Strieth Sebastian , Weger Tobias , Bartesch Christian , Bittmann Philipp , Stelter Klaus , Berghaus Alexander 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRapid ingrowth of blood vessels and low inflammatory response are considered major prerequisites for successful implantation of biomaterials in reconstructive surgery. Aim of the present study was to evaluate whether tissue‐engineered porous polyethylene (PPE) implants providing extracellular matrix components (ECM) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vivo improve microvascular ingrowth and mechanical integration with regard to initial inflammatory responses. PPE implants (3 × 3 × 0.1 mm3, pore size ∼100–200 μm) were tissue‐engineered by incorporation of ECM components (GFR‐Matrigel) adding recombinant murine VEGF (1 μg/mL) and grafted into dorsal skinfold chamber preparations of C57BL/6 mice. Control animals received uncoated implants or implants coated with ECM components alone (n = 6 per group). Using in vivo fluorescence microscopy angiogenic activity and inflammatory leukocyte‐endothelial cell interactions were analyzed for 2weeks. Finally, mechanical integration was quantified by measurement of dynamic desintegration strengths at the host‐implant border. Functional vessel density, red blood cell velocity, and vessel diameters increased continuously in all groups indicating that rapid microvascular integration of PPE occurred even without incorporation of ECM or VEGF. However, a transient initial inflammatory response with increased leukocyte‐endothelial cell adherence on day 7 in uncoated control implants was efficiently reduced by incorporation of ECM and VEGF. Measurement of dynamic breaking strengths revealed no significant differences between the groups although there was a tendency to improved mechanical integration in tissue‐engineered implants. Therefore, novel tissue‐ engineered constructs of PPE implants providing ECM and VEGF in high local concentrations can increase biocompatibility especially under unfavorable conditions for implantation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Micro and nano‐scale in vitro 3D culture system for cardiac stem cells
Authors: Hosseinkhani Hossein , Hosseinkhani Mohsen , Hattori Shunji , Matsuoka Rumiko , Kawaguchi Nanako 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDespite the success to prevent or limit cardiovascular diseases, the restoration of the function of a damaged heart remains a formidable challenge. Cardiac stem cells (CSCs), with the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, hold great potential as a source of cells for regenerative medicine. A major challenge facing the clinical application of differentiated CSCs, however, is theability to generate sufficient numbers of cells with the desired phenotype. We previously established cell lines of CSCs using a c‐kit antibody from adult rat hearts for use in regenerative medicine. C‐kit ‐positive cardiac cells are well recognized as CSCs and have the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Here, before implant these cells in vivo, we first developed three‐dimensional culture system (3D) using micro‐ and nano‐scaled material. Sheets of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) were fabricated by electrospinning. Composites of collagen‐PGA were prepared that contained 0, 1.5, 3 or 6 mg of electrospun PGA nanofibers. The nanofibers were added as a sheet that formed a layer within the collagen sponge. The sponges were freeze‐dried and then dehydrothermally crosslinked. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐based analysis of the surface of the sponges demonstrated a uniform collagenous structure regardless of the amount of PGA nanofibres included. The PGA nanofibers significantly enhanced the compressive strength of the collagen sponge. More CSCs attached to the collagen sponge incorporating 6 mg of PGA nanofibers than the sponge without PGA nanofibers. The attachment and proliferation of CSCs in the 3D culture was enhanced by incubation in a bioreactor perfusion system compared with 3D static and two‐dimensional (2D; i.e. tissue culture plates) culture systems. The use of micro‐ and nano‐scale materials in the fabrication of composites together with a 3D culture system is a very promising way to promote the culture of stem cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Prediction of optimum reaction conditions for the thermo‐tolerant acetylxylan esterase from Neocallimastix patriciarum using the response surface methodology
Authors: Pai Cheng‐Kang , Zeng Yi‐Fang , Yueh Pei‐Ying , Chen Ming‐Ju , Tung Li‐Chu , Liu Je‐Ruei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Xylan is the second most abundant renewable polysaccharide in nature and also represents an important industrial substrate. The complete degradation of xylan requires the combination of several types of xylanolytic enzymes, including endo‐β‐1,4‐xylanases, β‐xylosidases, and acetylxylan esterases. As a biocatalyst, xylanolytic enzymes with good thermal stability are of great interest, therefore, a thermo‐tolerant acetylxylan esterase, AxeS20E, was investigated.RESULTS: The cDNA encoding the carbohydrate esterase (CE) domain of AxeS20E from Neocallimastix patriciarum was expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant His6 fusion protein. The recombinant AxeS20E protein was obtained after purification by immobilized metal ion‐affinity chromatography. Response surface modeling (RSM) combined with central composite design (CCD) and regression analysis were then employed for the planned statistical optimization of the acetylxylan esterase activities of AxeS20E. The optimal conditions for the highest activity of AxeS20E were observed at 54.6 °C and pH 7.8. Furthermore, AxeS20E retained more than 85% of its initial activity after 120 min of heating at 80 °C.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that RSM combined with CCD and regression analysis were effective in determining optimized temperature and pH conditions for the enzyme activity of AxeS20E. The results also proved AxeS20E was thermo‐tolerant and might be a good candidate for various biotechnological applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry