bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary ectopic transfer for replantation salvage after severe wound infection
Authors: Cavadas Pedro C. , Landin Luis , Thione Alessandro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Ectopic transfer has been described as a salvage procedure in failing replants. The experience in three cases of infected failing replantations treated with secondary temporary ectopic transfer of the replanted part is presented.Methods:Three patients with replanted traumatic amputations (one transhumeral, one transmetacarpal, and one transtibial) that developed severe wound infections and thrombosis of the anastomoses were treated with urgent ectopic transfer of the replanted part. The ectopic recipient vessels were the femoral, posterior tibial, and the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex arteries. The stumps were surgically cleansed and the ectopically replanted parts were retransferred some days later.Results:The infection reccurred in one case and the replant (transmetacarpal) was lost. The two other cases were successfully retransferred orthotopically, 9 and 20 days later, respectively. In one case (transtibial) multiple additional surgical procedures were necessary. Functional results in these two cases were acceptable.Conclusions:Delayed ectopic transfer is a useful, yet demanding technique for the salvage of complicated replants in the context of severe wound infection and vascular thrombosis or impending failure. Given the complexity of the procedure it should only be considered in selected cases. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Rosmarinic acid, major phenolic constituent of Greek sage herbal tea, modulates rat intestinal SGLT1 levels with effects on blood glucose
Authors: Azevedo Marisa F. , Lima Cristovao F. , Fernandes‐Ferreira Manuel , Almeida Maria Judite , Wilson Jonathan M. , Pereira‐Wilson Cristina 
Published: March 2011

AbstractScope: Previous results suggested that the effects of Salvia fruticosa tea (SFT) drinking on glucose regulation might be at the intestinal level. Here we aim to characterize the effects of SFT treatment and of its main phenolic constituent – rosmarinic acid (RA) – on the levels and localization of the intestinal Na+/glucose cotransporter‐1 (SGLT1), the facilitative glucose transporter 2 and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1).Methods and results: Two models of SGLT1 induction in rats were used: through diabetes induction with streptozotocin (STZ) and through dietary carbohydrate manipulation. Drinking water was replaced with SFT or RA and blood parameters, liver glycogen and the levels of different proteins in enterocytes quantified. Two weeks of SFT treatment stabilized fasting blood glucose levels in STZ‐diabetic animals. The increase in SGLT1 localized to the enterocyte brush‐border membrane (BBM) induced by STZ treatment was significantly abrogated by treatment with SFT, without significant changes in total cellular transporter protein levels. No effects were observed on glucose transporter 2, Na+/K+‐ATPase or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 levels by SFT. Additionally, SFT and RA for 4 days significantly inhibited the carbohydrate‐induced adaptive increase of SGLT1 in BBM.Conclusion: SFT and RA modulate the trafficking of SGLT1 to the BBM and may contribute to the control of plasma glucose.
Antiadhesion as a functional concept for prevention of pathogens: N‐Phenylpropenoyl‐L‐amino acid amides as inhibitors of the Helicobacter pylori BabA outer membrane protein
Authors: Niehues Michael , Stark Timo , Keller Daniela , Hofmann Thomas , Hensel Andreas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractScope: Besides flavan‐3‐ols, a family of N‐phenylpropenoyl‐L‐amino acids (NPAs) has been recently identified as polyphenol/amino acid conjugates in the seeds of Theobroma cacao as well as in a variety of herbal drugs. NPAs were shown to exhibit antiadhesive activities against Helicobacter pylori.Methods and results: For structure/activity relationship 24 homologous NPAs (2 mM) were investigated in a flow cytometric assay on potential antiadhesive effects against H. pylori adhesion to human gastric AGS cells. Dihydroxylation of the aromatic molecule part was shown to be necessary for activity; methoxylation decreases activity. High polarity of the amino acid is a prerequisite for activity. The model compound N‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐L‐glutamic acid 11 exerted a concentration‐dependent inhibition of bacterial adhesion with saturation at 30% inhibition level. The antiadhesive effect was additionally confirmed by in situ adhesion assay on intact human gastric tissue. NPAs exhibited no cytotoxicity. Using immobilized ligands interaction 11 with bacterial adhesin BabA was demonstrated. RT‐PCR indicated that the inhibition of BabA is not correlated with subsequent feed back regulations to express more adhesins or virulence factors (vacA, cagA, cagL, cagα, fucT, ureI, ureA, OMPs). The interaction of bacterial adhesins with the respective ligands does not automatically lead to a subsequent signal transduction towards induction of virulence processes.Conclusion: The nutritional use of NPA‐containing food may justify a positive antiadhesive effect against the recurrence of H. pylori infections.
Blood as a surrogate marker for tissue‐specific DNA methylation and changes due to folate depletion in post‐partum female mice
Authors: McKay Jill A. , Xie Long , Harris Sarah , Wong Yi K. , Ford Dianne , Mathers John C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractScope: DNA methylation patterns are tissue specific and may influence tissue‐specific gene regulation. Human studies investigating DNA methylation in relation to environmental factors primarily use blood‐derived DNA as a surrogate for DNA from target tissues. It is therefore important to know if DNA methylation changes in blood in response to environmental changes reflect those in target tissues. Folate intake can influence DNA methylation, via altered methyl donor supply. Previously, manipulations of maternal folate intake during pregnancy altered the patterns of DNA methylation in offspring but, to our knowledge, the consequences for maternal DNA methylation are unknown. Given the increased requirement for folate during pregnancy, mothers may be susceptible to aberrant DNA methylation due to folate depletion. Methods and results: Female mice were fed folate‐adequate (2 mg folic acid/kg diet) or folate‐deplete (0.4 mg folic acid/kg diet) diets prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. Following weaning, dams were killed and DNA methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing® in blood, liver, and kidney at the Esr1, Igf2 differentially methylated region (DMR)1, Igf2 DMR2, Slc39a4CGI1, and Slc39a4CGI2 loci. We observed tissue‐specific differences in methylation at all loci. Folate depletion reduced Igf2 DMR1 and Slc39a4CGI1 methylation across all tissues and altered Igf2 DMR2 methylation in a tissue‐specific manner (p<0.05). Conclusion: Blood‐derived DNA methylation measurements may not always reflect methylation within other tissues. Further measurements of blood‐derived and tissue‐specific methylation patterns are warranted to understand the complexity of tissue‐specific responses to altered nutritional exposure.
Update of the toxicological assessment of furanocoumarins in foodstuffs (Update of the SKLM statement of 23/24 September 2004) – Opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG)
Authors: Guth Sabine , Habermeyer Michael , Schrenk Dieter , Eisenbrand Gerhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe DFG Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) has discussed the toxicological assessment of furanocoumarins in foodstuffs and adopted an opinion on 23/24 September 2004 [SKLM, English version: Toxicological assessment of furanocumarins in foodstuffs, 2006; Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2007, 51, 367–373]. At that time, no analytical data were available on the occurrence and content of furanocoumarins in citrus oils, especially in lime oil and the foodstuffs produced from it. According to the SKLM, the highest levels were likely to be found in products containing lime or bergamot oil. Distilled and cold pressed oils differ in their levels of furanocoumarins; in distilled oils, no furanocoumarins were found. The original estimate of the average daily intake of furanocoumarins in Germany made by the SKLM is based on the assumption that flavoured foods contain cold‐pressed citrus oils exclusively (worst case scenario). Recent data, however, indicate that distilled citrus oils are mainly used in flavoured soft drinks. The SKLM has therefore decided to update the assessment of the average intake of furanocoumarins from flavoured food. The following opinion was released in German on 25 January 2010, the English version was agreed on 27/28 September 2010.
Carica papaya increases regulatory T cells and reduces IFN‐γ+CD4+ T cells in healthy human subjects
Authors: Abdullah Maha , Chai Pei‐Shin , Loh Chiew‐Yee , Chong Mun‐Yee , Quay Huai‐Wei , Vidyadaran Sharmili , Seman Zainina , Kandiah Mirnalini , Seow Heng‐Fong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFruit and vegetables have therapeutic potential as they dampen inflammation, have no known side‐effects and as whole foods have prospective additive and synergistic benefits. Th1 (IFN‐γ+CD4+)/Th2 (IL‐4+CD4+) T cells play a vital role in mediating inflammatory responses and may be regulated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Effects of Carica papaya on cells of healthy individuals were determined using flow cytometry methods. Significant down‐regulation of IFN‐γ+CD4+ (p=0.03, n=13), up‐regulation of IL‐4+CD4+ (p=0.04, n=13) T cells and up‐regulation of CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127− (p=0.001, n=15) Tregs were observed after papaya consumption. In vitro cultures showed up‐regulation of Tregs in male subjects and was significantly associated with levels of IL‐1β in culture supernatants (R2=0.608, p=0.04, n=12). Other inflammatory cytokines were significantly suppressed. Papaya consumption may exert an anti‐inflammatory response mediated through Tregs and have potential in alleviating inflammatory conditions.
Transmit B1‐field correction at 7T using actively tuned coupled inner elements
Authors: Merkle Hellmut , Murphy‐Boesch Joseph , Gelderen Peter van , Wang Shumin , Li Tie‐Qiang , Koretsky Alan P. , Duyn Josef H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhen volume coils are used for 1H imaging of the human head at 7T, wavelength effects in tissue cause a variation in intensity, that is typically brighter at the center of the head and darker in the periphery. Much of this image nonuniformity can be attributed to variation in the effective transmit B1 field, which falls by ∼ 50% to the left and right of center at mid‐elevation in the brain. Because most of this B1 loss occurs in the periphery of the brain, we have explored use of actively controlled, off‐resonant loop elements to locally enhance the transmit B1 field in these regions. When tuned to frequencies above the NMR frequency, these elements provide strong local enhancement of the B1 field of the transmit coil. Because they are tuned off‐resonance, some volume coil detuning results, but resistive loading of the coil mode remains dominated by the sample. By digitally controlling their frequency offsets, the field enhancement of each inner element can be placed under active control. Using an array of eight digitally controlled elements placed around a custom‐built head phantom, we demonstrate the feasibility of improving the B1 homogeneity of a transmit/receive volume coil without the need for multiple radio frequency transmit channels. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing pancreatic adenocarcinoma delineation in diffusion derived intravoxel incoherent motion f‐maps through automatic vessel and duct segmentation
Authors: Re Thomas J. , Lemke Andreas , Klauss Miriam , Laun Fredrik B. , Simon Dirk , Grünberg Katharina , Delorme Stefan , Grenacher Lars , Manfredi Riccardo , Mucelli Roberto Pozzi , Stieltjes Bram 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiffusion‐based intravoxel incoherent motion imaging has recently gained interest as a method to detect and characterize pancreatic lesions, especially as it could provide a radiation‐ and contrast agent‐free alternative to existing diagnostic methods. However, tumor delineation on intravoxel incoherent motion‐derived parameter maps is impeded by poor lesion‐to‐pancreatic duct contrast in the f‐maps and poor lesion‐to‐vessel contrast in the D‐maps. The distribution of the diffusion and perfusion parameters within vessels, ducts, and tumors were extracted from a group of 42 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clearly separable combinations of f and D were observed, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff values for an automated segmentation of vessels and ducts to improve lesion detection and delineation on the individual intravoxel incoherent motion‐derived maps. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified f = 0.28 as the cutoff for vessels (Area under the curve (AUC) = 0.901) versus tumor/duct and D = 1.85 μm2/ms for separating duct from tumor tissue (AUC = 0.988). These values were incorporated in an automatic segmentation algorithm and then applied to 42 patients. This yielded clearly improved tumor delineation compared to individual intravoxel incoherent motion‐derived maps. Furthermore, previous findings that indicated that the f value in pancreatic cancer is strongly reduced compared to healthy pancreatic tissue were reconfirmed. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preclinical study of treatment response in HCT‐116 cells and xenografts with 1H‐decoupled 31P MRS
Authors: Darpolor Moses M. , Kennealey Peter T. , Le H. Carl , Zakian Kristen L. , Ackerstaff Ellen , Rizwan Asif , Chen Jin‐Hong , Sambol Elliot B. , Schwartz Gary K. , Singer Samuel , Koutcher Jason A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe topoisomerase I inhibitor, irinotecan, and its active metabolite SN‐38 have been shown to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest without significant cell death in human colon carcinoma cells (HCT‐116). Subsequent treatment of these G2/M‐arrested cells with the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, flavopiridol, induced these cells to undergo apoptosis. The goal of this study was to develop a noninvasive metabolic biomarker for early tumor response and target inhibition of irinotecan followed by flavopiridol treatment in a longitudinal study. A total of eleven mice bearing HCT‐116 xenografts were separated into two cohorts where one cohort was administered saline and the other treated with a sequential course of irinotecan followed by flavopiridol. Each mouse xenograft was longitudinally monitored with proton (1H)‐decoupled phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) before and after treatment. A statistically significant decrease in phosphocholine (p = 0.0004) and inorganic phosphate (p = 0.0103) levels were observed in HCT‐116 xenografts following treatment, which were evidenced within twenty‐four hours of treatment completion. Also, a significant growth delay was found in treated xenografts. To discern the underlying mechanism for the treatment response of the xenografts, in vitro HCT‐116 cell cultures were investigated with enzymatic assays, cell cycle analysis, and apoptotic assays. Flavopiridol had a direct effect on choline kinase as measured by a 67% reduction in the phosphorylation of choline to phosphocholine. Cells treated with SN‐38 alone underwent 83 ± 5% G2/M cell cycle arrest compared to untreated cells. In cells, flavopiridol alone induced 5 ± 1% apoptosis while the sequential treatment (SN‐38 then flavopiridol) resulted in 39 ± 10% apoptosis. In vivo 1H‐decoupled 31P MRS indirectly measures choline kinase activity. The decrease in phosphocholine may be a potential indicator of early tumor response to the sequential treatment of irinotecan followed by flavopiridol in noninvasive and/or longitudinal studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local control of metastatic sites with radiation therapy in metastatic Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Liu Arthur K. , Stinauer Michelle , Albano Edythe , Greffe Brian , Tello Tiffany , Maloney Kelly 
Published: March 2011

AbstractApproximately 20% of children with Ewing sarcoma (EWS) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) present with metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Overall, the outcome is poor, with an event‐free survival of <20%. Local control at metastatic sites has not been previously reported. We reviewed control of metastatic sites in children with EWS and RMS that received curative intent radiation therapy to each metastatic site. In 13 children, at a median follow‐up of 18 months, a single local failure was seen. Toxicity was minimal. Our data suggest that radiation therapy is effective and tolerable in children with metastatic EWS and RMS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:169–171. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid Isolation and Purification of Inotodiol and Trametenolic Acid from Inonotus obliquus by High‐speed Counter‐current Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scatting Detection
Authors: Du Deyao , Zhu Feng , Chen Xianhui , Ju Xiuyun , Feng Youjian , Qi Lian‐Wen , Jiang Jihong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroductionIn Eastern Europe, especially Russia, the fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus has been used as a folk medicine for cancer since the sixteenth or seventeenth century. Inotodiol and trametenolic acid are considered to be the main bioactive compounds of the fruiting body of the mushroom. These compounds show various biological activities, including anti‐tumour, anti‐viral, hypoglycaemic, anti‐oxidant and cyto‐protective. However, effective methods for isolating and purifying inotodiol and trametenolic acid from the fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus are not currently available.ObjectiveTo develop a suitable preparative method in order to isolate inotodiol and trametenolic acid from a complex Inonotus obliquus extract by preparative high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).MethodologyInotodiol and trametenolic acid were rapidly isolated and purified from the chloroform extract of Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) by HSCCC with evaporative light scatting detection (ELSD). The purity of the obtained target compounds was analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ELSD. The structures of the two compounds were identified by 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR.ResultThe target compounds were finally isolated and purified with a solvent system of hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (1:0.4:1:0.4, v/v/v/v). In a single operation, 100 mg of the I. obliquus extracts yielded 13.0 mg of inotodiol and 7.0 mg of trametenolic acid. The entire separation and purification process took less than 5 h. The purities of obtained inotodiol and trametenolic acid were 97.51 and 94.04%, respectively.ConclusionHSCCC‐ELSD was an efficient and rapid method for the separation and purification of inotodiol and trametenolic acid from I. obliquus. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved Thin‐layer Chromatography Bioautographic Assay for the Detection of Actylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Plants
Authors: Yang Zhong‐Duo , Song Zhu‐Wen , Ren Jin , Yang Ming‐Jun , Li Shuo 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionThin‐layer chromatography (TLC) bioautographic method is a simple and rapid method to screen acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plant extracts. However, the high consumption of enzyme (6 U/mL) in current methods makes the procedure expensive, which is an obstacle to scientific research centers lacking funding.ObjectiveTo develop a new low‐cost TLC bioautographic method.MethodologyA series of compounds, as substrates, were synthesised and their ability to be hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase was evaluated by the HPLC method.Results4‐Methoxyphenyl acetate (14) was proved to be an appropriate substrate for TLC bioautographic assay. Therefore a new and cheap TLC bioautographic assay was set up. The mechanism of this new method is that the enzyme converts 4‐methoxylphenyl acetate into 4‐methoxyphenol, which reacts with a solution of potassium ferricyanide ([K3(FeCN)6]) and iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) to make an aquamarine blue coloured background on the TLC plates. Regions of the TLC plate which contain acetylcholinesterase inhibitors show up as light yellow spots against the background. The consumption of enzyme (1 U/mL) in the new method is low and the detection limit of two known acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, huperzine A (0.0001 μg) and physostigmine (0.001 μg), for this assay are close to published values.ConclusionA low‐cost TLC bioautographic method was developed, which will benefit research groups pursuing natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extraction of Antioxidants from Spruce (Picea abies) Bark using Eco‐friendly Solvents
Authors: Co Michelle , Fagerlund Amelie , Engman Lars , Sunnerheim Kerstin , Sjöberg Per J.R. , Turner Charlotta 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionAntioxidants are known to avert oxidation processes and they are found in trees and other plant materials. Tree bark is a major waste product from paper pulp industries; hence it is worthwhile to develop an extraction technique to extract the antioxidants.ObjectiveTo develop a fast and environmentally sustainable extraction technique for the extraction of antioxidants from bark of spruce (Picea abies) and also to identify the extracted antioxidants that are abundant in spruce bark.MethodologyA screening experiment that involved three different techniques was conducted to determine the best technique to extract antioxidants. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was determined with DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assay. Pressurised fluid extraction (PFE) turned out to be the best technique and a response surface design was therefore utilised to optimise PFE. Furthermore, NMR and HPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS were applied to identify the extracted antioxidants.ResultsPFE using water and ethanol as solvent at 160 and 180°C, respectively, gave extracts of the highest antioxidant capacity. Stilbene glucosides such as isorhapontin, piceid and astringin were identified in the extracts.ConclusionThe study has shown that PFE is a fast and environmentally sustainable technique, using water and ethanol as solvent for the extraction of antioxidants from spruce bark. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Eleven Phenolic Compounds Including Novel p‐Coumaroyl Derivatives in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by Ultra‐high‐performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array and Mass Spectrometry Detection
Authors: Ribas‐Agustí Albert , Gratacós‐Cubarsí Marta , Sárraga Carmen , García‐Regueiro José‐Antonio , Castellari Massimo 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionLettuce is a widely consumed vegetable and a good source of phenolic compounds. Several factors (genetic, agronomical and environmental) can influence the lettuce composition; their effects are not completely defined and more studies are needed on this topic.ObjectiveTo develop an improved ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method to quantify the main target intact phenolic compounds in lettuce.MethodologyUHPLC identification of the compounds was supported by PAD spectra and MSn analyses. Quantification was carried out by PAD, by creating matrix‐matched calibration curves at the specific wavelength for each compound.ResultsSample pretreatment was simplified, with neither purification nor hydrolysis steps. Chromatographic conditions were chosen to minimise matrix interferences and to give a suitable separation of the major phenolic compounds within 27 min. The method allowed the quantification of 11 intact phenolic compounds in Romaine lettuces, including phenolic acids (caffeoyl and p‐coumaroyl esters) and flavonoids (quercetin glycosides). Four p‐coumaroyl esters were tentatively identified and quantified for the first time in lettuce.ConclusionThe main intact phenolic compounds, including four novel p‐coumaroyl esters, were simultaneously quantified in lettuce with optimal performances and a reduced total time of analysis. These findings make headway in the understanding of the lettuce phytochemicals with potential nutritional relevance.