bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Physicalisation’: A Pedagogy of Body-Mind Cultivation for Liberation in Modern Yoga and Meditation Methods
Authors: Leledaki Aspasia , Brown David 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper explores the transformation of a dualistic mind-body relationship as reported by participants in a recent qualitative study involving modern yoga and meditation practitioners. The stories of the practitioners focused strongly on transforming a body-self that was configured as a result of living a life in Western cultural contexts where philosophies of mind-body dualisms were taken to underpin daily practices. The practitioners described a well-trodden somatic pedagogical pathway towards liberation from domination that they called ‘physicalisation’. The paper illustrates physicalisation as cultivation of body-mind unity and de-identification before exploring the three dimensions of the practitioners' embodied spatiotemporal transformations that we have termed: empowerment, mustery and negating domination.
Folk Medicine among the Mongols in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Saijirahu Buyanchuglagin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTwenty-first-century Inner Mongolia is characterised by medical pluralism: biomedicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and the Tibetan-derived tradition of Mongolian medicine have parallel roles in the health care system. There is, however, another form of medical practice that has existed in the Mongol society alongside these institutional medicines. In this article, I refer to it as folk medicine. The indigenous tradition of folk medicine has originated from both nomadism and shamanism, and some elements of these old traditions still survive that do not appear to have been influenced by other medical systems. I discuss how nomadic culture produced folk medical practices such as koumiss treatment, immersion therapy and herbal medicine and how shamanic healing practices such as bonesetting and andai therapy are key parts of Mongolian folk medicine, which is related to treating both bodily suffering and illness of the soul. Healing is an important function of Mongolian shamanism, an old religious complex that remains alive within modern society. Folk medicine as a cultural phenomenon has existed from ancient times to our present era. When we attempt to reconstruct the history of Mongolian medicine, we must accept that indigenous knowledge continues to play a role within the medical pluralism of twenty-first-century Inner Mongolia.
The Limits of Illustration: Animalia and Pharmacopeia from Guo Pu to Bencao Gangmu
Authors: Sterckx Roel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between text and illustration in Chinese pharmacopeia in the bencao tradition by focusing on depictions of animals. It explores to what extent such illustrations served a practical—read medical or pharmaceutical—purpose. The first part of the paper discusses the contexts in which animal species have been depicted in traditional China leading up to the emergence of bencao literature. The second part analyses the use of illustrations in Bencao Gangmu. The author questions whether such illustrations were aimed to reflect zoological, botanical, or pharmaceutical information not already present in the text and argues that, instead, their composition is best understood within the context of Ming visual culture, the print economy, and naturalist collectanea produced at the time.
Herbs of Our Own Kingdom: Layers of the ‘Local’ in the Materia Medica of Early Chosn Korea
Authors: Suh Soyoung 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPrevious scholarship takes increasing Korean interest in ‘local botanicals’ () in its dynamic with Chinese counterparts as a gauge to measure the degree of independence and the extent of indigenisation of Korean medicine during the Chosn Dynasty (1392‐1910). Questioning this fundamental assumption about the development of Korean medicine, my article aims to scrutinise evocation of ‘the local’ in changing medical strategies concerned with Korean identity. While analysing major texts on local botanicals published during the early Chosn Dynasty, I claim that the classificatory arrangement used to map the local on botanicals often overlapped, and was not organised into a clear set of categories. Considering the traffic of herbal medicine across political and geographical boundaries, and the extreme diversity of botanical names, shapes and attributes, texts on local botanicals cannot be said to show clearly what belongs to a local ‘us’ or a foreign ‘them’. Instead, adjusting the names of botanicals, textualising the folk names of certain species, and publishing a series of books focusing on local botanicals reflected the socio-cultural need of scholars during the Chosn Dynasty to imprint motifs of the ‘local’ on Materia Medica simultaneously making a display of a separate Korean cultural identity. It was an accommodation of what was regarded as universal knowledge to a locale where the body of Chinese medicine had to be interpreted and mediated by the socio-cultural conditions of Chosn Korea.
Seekership, Spirituality and Self-Discovery: Ayurveda Trainees in Britain
Authors: Warrier Maya 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the backgrounds and motivations of persons trained or training as Ayurvedic practitioners at two London-based institutions offering Ayurveda programmes at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It draws upon in-depth interviews with individuals at various stages of their training and practice in order to examine the paths that bring them to Ayurveda, their motivations for undergoing training, and the ways in which they apply their knowledge of Ayurveda during and after their training period. The findings here corroborate what other scholars have demonstrated in the case of Asian traditions like Yoga and Ayurveda in the West. These traditions have inevitably undergone shifts in meaning by virtue of their assimilation into the Western, in this case British, holistic health milieu. Most significant in Ayurveda’s case is the shift away from a preoccupation with remedial medicine (the bedrock of mainstream Ayurveda in modern South Asia), to a focus on self-knowledge and self-empowerment as a path to ‘holistic healing’ (understood to address mental and spiritual, not just physical, well-being). Even though the Ayurvedic curriculum transmitted at the educational institutions in London is based largely on that taught at Ayurveda colleges in India, the completely different orientations and dispositions of students in Britain (as compared to their South Asian counterparts) ensures that the Ayurveda they go on to apply and practise is radically different—this is ‘spiritualised’ Ayurveda, in radical contrast to the ‘biomedicalised’ version obtaining in modern mainstream South Asian contexts.
The Gendered Medical Iconography of the Golden Mirror (Yuzuan yizong jinjian , 1742)
Authors: Wu Yi-Li 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHow have gender norms historically influenced the visual depiction of the human body in Chinese medicine? I address this question by analysing 484 images of the body published in the Imperially-Commissioned Golden Mirror of Medical Learning (Yuzuan yizong jinjian) of 1742. The Golden Mirror used male figures to depict the standard human body, a pattern that I call visual androcentrism, and I discuss three factors that helped to foster this pattern. First, the Golden Mirror borrowed images from non-medical sources and thereby reiterated a broader cultural tendency to use male figures as normative, with female figures used only in special circumstances. Second, there was a strong association in Chinese visual culture between the semi-exposed male body and ideals of spiritual enlightenment and longevity. This made male figures particularly appropriate for a text on healing that needed to reveal the features and disorders of different body parts. Finally, male medical figures provided a ready vehicle for conveying positive messages about the ability of male physicians. The Golden Mirror enhanced its male figures with auspicious imagery and Daoist symbols, thereby transforming them into visual metaphors for the male doctor’s scholarly mastery of cosmological principles, a mastery that allowed him to be an effective and superior healer.
The Body of Laozi and the Course of a Taoist Journey through the Heavens
Authors: Fava Patrice , Lo Vivienne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAt the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, where Taoist rituals and the Nuo tradition of masked theatre have undergone a large scale revival in recent decades, a Taoist master of the Orthodox Zhengyi sect, Master Yi Songyao , has preserved a number of rare ancient paintings and manuscripts that have been transmitted to him as the liturgical texts of his lineage; these include a map of the body of Laozi and a chart of the course of a Taoist journey through the Heavens. The following brief introduction to these two documents serves mainly as an example of how an intimate knowledge of Taoist ritual can provide a key to the performative nature of the charts and indicates the rich scope for future research.
A Profile of Injuries in Athletes Seeking Treatment during a Triathlon Race Series
Authors: Gosling Cameron M. , Forbes Andrew B. , McGivern Jeanne , Gabbe Belinda J. 
Published: May 2010

Background Triathlon combines swimming, cycling, and running into a single event. With increasing popularity of this sport, there has been a rise in the number of participants, particularly in shorter distance races. However, the risks of participating in short-distance races have not been reported. Purpose To describe the rate and profile of injuries seen for medical assistance during a triathlon race series. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods A standardized injury reporting form was used to collect information from race entrants seeking medical aid at each of the races comprising a combination of Sprint, Olympic, and Fun race distances in a triathlon series in Victoria, Australia over the 2006-2007 race season. Injury rates and risk factors were assessed via regression analysis. Results There were 10 197 individual starters who took part. There were 235 presentations for medical assistance (n = 322 injuries) over the series. The presentation rate was 20.1 per 1000 hours of competition (2.3% of total race starts). Injuries were predominantly sustained during the run (38.4%) and cycle (14.3%) legs. Lower limb injuries (59.5%) and abrasions (28.6%) were the most common site and nature of injury, respectively. There were 9 severe injuries: 5 fractures, 3 probable heat stroke cases, and 1 deep laceration. Elite/Junior Elite, Olympic distance, and 12- to 19-year-old competitors were at higher risk of injury, especially during running and cycling. Conclusion The level and age of triathlon competitors, and the race distance, influenced the risk of injury over a race series. These results provide timely information for triathlon race event organizers and could be incorporated into a review of practices for the provision of medical services to triathlon events, especially the common sprint distance competitions. Clinical Relevance Shorter distance triathlons have lower injury rates and relatively minor injuries, but medical teams and race organizers should be prepared for serious injuries.
Practice Patterns for Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Meniscal Surgery in the United States
Authors: Musahl Volker , Jordan Susan S. , Colvin Alexis C. , Tranovich Michael J. , Irrgang James J. , Harner Christopher D. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose The purpose of the study was to compare frequency of meniscal repair to partial meniscectomy in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons (ABOS) database. Hypotheses (1) Practice patterns are similar with respect to geographic region. (2) Surgeons with fellowship training perform more meniscal repairs compared with general orthopaedic practitioners. (3) Younger patients are more likely to be treated with meniscal repair at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. (4) The frequency of meniscal repair in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has increased over time. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Information was extracted from the ABOS database from 2002 orthopaedic surgeons who sat for the part II examination from 2003 to 2007. The database was queried for all patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] code 29888) without or with meniscectomy (CPT 29881) or meniscal repair (CPT 29882). Factors affecting meniscal surgery that were investigated included patient age, geographic region of practice, fellowship training, and declared subspecialty of the surgeon. Results On average there were 52 000 cases per year registered in the ABOS database, approximately 1700 of whom underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Meniscal repair was most frequently performed in the Southwest region (18.6%, P < .001) and least frequently in the Northwest region (11.3%, P < .001). Combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and meniscal repair was performed significantly more often by fellowship-trained surgeons (17%) than by surgeons with other fellowship training (12%) or no fellowship training (12%, P < .001) and in patients younger than age 25 years (19%) compared with those age 40 years and older (8%, P < .001). Meniscal repair was performed in 13.9% of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions in 2003 and in 16.4% of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions in 2007 (P > .05). Conclusion Combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with meniscal repair was more frequent for younger patients and by surgeons with sports fellowship training. Concomitant meniscal repair is performed by fellowship-trained surgeons in this study in only 18% of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.
Arthroscopic Supraspinatus Tendon Repair with Suture-Bridging Technique
Authors: Voigt Christine , Bosse Christin , Vosshenrich Rolf , Schulz Arndt P. , Lill Helmut 
Published: May 2010

Background The suture-bridging technique is a new arthroscopic technique to repair rotator cuff tears. Biomechanical advantages compared with double-row fixations have been described. Hypothesis The authors hypothesized that arthroscopic suture-bridging repair of the supraspinatus tendon would result in a superior clinical outcome and lower retear rates compared with previously published results after double-row fixation. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Fifty-one consecutive patients, with a median age of 62 years (range, 37-76 years), who had undergone an arthroscopic suture-bridging repair of an isolated supraspinatus tendon tear were evaluated in this prospective study 4, 12, and a median of 24 months postoperatively. Subjective and functional outcome was assessed using the simple shoulder test and Constant score. With magnetic resonance imaging 12 months postoperatively, the tendon integrity and potential predictors of failures were evaluated. Results The simple shoulder test scores improved significantly from 9 points (range, 1-12 points) at 4 months, to 12 points (range, 1-12 points) at 12 months, and 12 points (range, 5-12 points) at 24 months postoperatively. The Constant score increased significantly from preoperative 64% (range, 37%-92%) to 82% (range, 36%-100%) at 4 months, 96% (range, 49%-100%) at 12 months, and 96% (range, 64%-100%) at 24 months postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging 12 months after surgery showed retears in 28.9%. Two different types of retears could be observed: insufficiently healed and medially retorn supraspinatus tendons. The Constant score did not differ significantly between the groups with retears and intact repairs. A patient age of more than 60 years was found to influence tendon healing significantly. Conclusion The hypothesis, that arthroscopic suture-bridging repair of the supraspinatus tendon would result in a superior clinical outcome and lower retear rates compared with previously published results after double-row fixation, could not be confirmed. The functional outcome after the new suture-bridging technique was good and comparable with the reported results after double-row repair from the literature. A structural failure of tendon repair was not identical to clinical failure.
Can Human Rights Transcend the Commercialization of Water in South Africa? Soweto’s Legal Fight for an Equitable Water Policy
Authors: Dugard Jackie 
Published: May 2010

The South African Constitution guarantees the right to water, which is reinforced by a national Free Basic Water policy. However, water delivery is a local government function, which, in the absence of a national regulator, is largely operated as a commercial service. Using the lens of the Mazibuko water rights case—the first South African test case on the right to water—this article examines the conflict between a progressive rights-based model, which views water as a social good, and the commercialized model, which treats water as a source of revenue instead of a public service. The article finds in the legal iterations of the Mazibuko applicants the potential for a new, more equitable approach to water services. This is despite the set-back occasioned by the ultimate legal defeat in the Constitutional Court in late-2009. JEL codes: I31, H41, K32, Q25
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with CDKN2A deletion have a distinct gene expression signature and a poor prognosis under R-CHOP treatment: a GELA study
Authors: Jardin Fabrice , Jais Jean-Philippe , Molina Thierry-Jo , Parmentier Françoise , Picquenot Jean-Michel , Ruminy Philippe , Tilly Hervé , Bastard Christian , Salles Gilles-André , Feugier Pierre , Thieblemont Catherine , Gisselbrecht Christian , de Reynies Aurelien , Coiffier Bertrand , Haioun Corinne , Leroy Karen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGenomic alterations play a crucial role in the development and progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). We determined gene copy number alterations (GCNAs) of TP53, CDKN2A, CDKN1B, BCL2, MYC, REL, and RB1 with a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (quantitative multiplex PCR of short fragments [QMPSF]) in a cohort of 114 patients with DLBCL to assess their prognostic value and relationship with the gene expression profile. Losses of TP53 and CDKN2A, observed in 8% and 35% of patients, respectively, were significantly associated with a shorter survival after rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) treatment, independently of the International Prognostic Index and of the cell of origin. Analysis of the 9p21 genomic region indicated that transcripts encoding p14ARF and p16INK4A were both disrupted in most patients with CDKN2A deletion. These patients predominantly had an activated B-cell profile and showed a specific gene expression signature, characterized by dysregulation of the RB/E2F pathway, activation of cellular metabolism, and decreased immune and inflammatory responses. These features may constitute the molecular basis sustaining the unfavorable outcome and chemoresistance of this DLBCL subgroup. Detection of TP53 and CDKN2A loss by QMPSF is a powerful tool that could be used for patient stratification in future clinical trials.
SOCS3 regulates graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Hill Geoffrey R. , Kuns Rachel D. , Raffelt Neil C. , Don Alistair L. J. , Olver Stuart D. , Markey Kate A. , Wilson Yana A. , Tocker Joel , Alexander Warren S. , Clouston Andrew D. , Roberts Andrew W. , MacDonald Kelli P. A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSuppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is the main intracellular regulator of signaling by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, an immune-modulatory cytokine used to mobilize stem cells for transplantation. We have therefore studied the contribution of SOCS3 to the spectrum of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Grafts from SOCS3−/Δvav donor mice in which SOCS3 deficiency is restricted to the hematopoietic compartment had an augmented capacity to induce acute GVHD. With the use of SOCS3−/ΔLysM and SOCS3−/Δlck donors in which SOCS3 deficiency was restricted to the myeloid or T-cell lineage, respectively, we confirmed SOCS3 deficiency promoted acute GVHD mortality and histopathology within the gastrointestinal tract by effects solely within the donor T cell. SOCS3−/Δlck donor T cells underwent enhanced alloantigen-dependent proliferation and generation of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-17, and interferon-γ (IFNγ) after SCT. The enhanced capacity of the SOCS3−/Δlck donor T cell to induce acute GVHD was dependent on IFNγ but independent of IL-10 or IL-17. Surprisingly, SOCS3−/Δlck donor T cells also induced severe, transforming growth factor β– and IFNγ-dependent, sclerodermatous GVHD. Thus, the delivery of small molecule SOCS3 mimetics may prove to be useful for the inhibition of both acute and chronic GVHD.
Laboratory testing of individuals with severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency in three European centres
Authors: Miravitlles M. , Herr C. , Ferrarotti I. , Jardi R. , Rodriguez-Frias F. , Luisetti M. , Bals R. 
Published: May 2010

α1-Antitrypsin (AT) deficiency is a hereditary disorder that may lead to early-onset emphysema, and chronic liver disease later in life. Although there are validated methods for testing, the vast majority of α1-AT-deficient individuals remain undiagnosed. Recommendations have been published for the testing and diagnosis of α1-AT deficiency; however, guidelines on best practice are not well established.In our article, we review the developments in diagnostic techniques that have taken place in recent years, and describe the practices used in our three European centres. The determination of the level of α1-AT and genotyping are reported as the main diagnostic steps, whereas isoelectric focusing (also referred to as phenotyping) is reserved for confirmatory analysis.The following recommendations for best practice are put forward: detection of all PiZZ and other severe deficiency individuals; automated genotyping; preparation of reference standards; quality control programmes; development of standard operating procedure documents; and standardised methods for the collection of dried blood samples. Closer cooperation between laboratories and the sharing of knowledge are recommended, with the objectives of improving the efficiency of the diagnosis of severe α1-AT deficiency, increasing the numbers of individuals who are detected with the disorder, and assisting the establishment of new patient identification programmes.