bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Great (transformational) leadership=charisma+vision
Authors: Khatri Naresh , Templer Klaus J. , Budhwar Pawan S. 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop measures of charisma and vision and to examine their influences on follower‐level outcomes in four countries, namely, India, Singapore, the UK, and the USA.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a series of three studies. In the first study, conducted in Singapore, an open‐ended questionnaire was used to gather statements of charisma and vision for developing charismatic and visionary categories or themes. The second study, also conducted in Singapore, involved constructing items to represent various categories or themes of charisma and vision, collecting data, and performing factor analyses to develop dimensions of charisma and vision. The third study validated the measures of charisma and vision developed in the first two studies across national samples drawn from two Asian (India and Singapore) and two Western countries (the UK and the USA), and examined the relationships of charismatic and visionary dimensions with motivation, satisfaction, cooperation, and performance of employees.FindingsOne major dimension of charisma, social sensitivity, and two key dimensions of vision, daring/change‐seeking and expertise/knowledge, universally emerged across all four countries. Social sensitivity showed highly significant positive relationships with motivation and satisfaction of followers across all four countries. The daring/change‐seeking leadership was highly positively related to motivation, satisfaction, cooperation, and performance of employees in the UK and the USA only. Expertise and knowledge showed relatively stronger relationship with follower outcomes in India and Singapore than in the UK and the USA.Originality/valueThe study identifies charisma and vision as two basic components of transformational leadership, develops new measures of these constructs, and examines their relationships with follower‐level outcomes.
Macroeconomic factors determining FDI impact on Pakistan's growth
Authors: Zaman Khalid , Shah Iqtidar Ali , Mushtaq Khan Muhammad , Ahmad Mehboob 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify major macroeconomic factors that enhance foreign direct investment (FDI) for Pakistan through the co‐integration and error correction model over a 28‐year time period, i.e. between 1980 and 2008.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed the Johansen co‐integration technique to estimate the long‐run relationship between the variables, while an error correction model was used to determine the short‐run dynamics of the system.FindingsFinding suggests that FDI has had a significant positive impact on Pakistan's economic growth in the long run. For example, trade liberalization and their interactive terms have a positive effect in the short run, while a negative effect is observed in the long run upon economic growth of Pakistan. The results indicate that due to a low quality of human capital in Pakistan; the direct effect of FDI on economic growth becomes negative.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to a few variables, including human capital, trade openness, government size, population and consumer price index, in order to manage robust data analysis.Practical implicationsThe authors find that for FDI to be a significant contributor to economic growth in Pakistan, government must focus upon improving physical infrastructure, and quality of human resources.Originality/valueThe study confirms that Pakistan did not enjoy substantial growth benefits from FDI because human capital, trade openness, government size and interactive terms of FDI and per capita income have a negative impact on economic growth. These findings have important policy implications.
Reform strategies in South Asian countries: a comparative analysis
Authors: Rana Pradumna B. 
Published: March 2012

PurposeIt is generally agreed that policy reforms have been more successful in China than in South Asia. The purpose of this paper is to argue that the relative success of China can be explained by the differences in initial conditions and in the design and sequencing of policies. The reform path followed by China placed reform of agriculture and rural light industry ahead of economic liberalization policies. South Asia, on the other hand, followed an opposite sequence with macroeconomic, trade, and industrial reforms coming ahead of agriculture and institutional reforms. This paper also finds that economic policies have mattered in South Asia and it develops an unfinished reform agenda comprising mainly the so‐called second generation reforms which is necessary to propel South Asia to a higher growth trajectory.Design/methodology/approachThe paper argues that the difference in economic performance between China and South Asia in the post‐reform period can be explained by the differences in initial conditions and the design and sequencing of policies.FindingsThis paper finds that economic reforms have been more successful in raising economic growth and reducing poverty in China than in South Asia because of differences in initial conditions and the design and sequencing of reforms. Going forward, South Asia needs to focus on the implementation of the so‐called second generation reforms (agriculture, industrial, and the more microeconomic institutional reforms) more vigorously. This will, however, pose a serious challenge to the countries because these reforms generate benefits only in the longer term and therefore require a wider political consensus for their implementation. Yet without these reforms, sustained higher economy growth in the future and catch‐up with East Asia will not be possible.Originality/valueThe paper argues that difference in economic performance between South Asia and China can be partially explained by the way in which they designed their reform paths and it also develops a reform agenda that South Asian countries could implement to improve their economic performance. Hence the value of the paper is for both scholars and policy makers at large.
Osteopontin predicts adverse right ventricular remodelling and dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Rosenberg Mark , Meyer F. Joachim , Gruenig Ekkehard , Lutz Matthias , Lossnitzer Dirk , Wipplinger Rita , Katus Hugo A. , Frey Norbert 
Published: March 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (9): 933–942AbstractBackground  Osteopontin (OPN) was found upregulated in several heart failure models and appears to play an important role in myocardial remodelling. As we have previously demonstrated that OPN predicts mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), we now evaluated whether OPN also predicts adverse right ventricular (RV) remodelling and dysfunction in PH.Methods  We prospectively included 71 patients with PH of different etiology in this study. OPN plasma level were determined by ELISA and assessed for correlation with RV dilatation and dysfunction determined by echocardiography.Results  OPN plasma values significantly correlated with RV end‐diastolic diameter, Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) and Tricuspid Annular Systolic Velocity (TASV) (r = 0·43, P = 0·0002; r = −0·46, P = 0·0006; r = −0·31, P = 0·02). Furthermore, stratification of our study population according to RV end‐diastolic diameter and RV dysfunction revealed that patients with enlarged and functionally impaired RV′s display higher OPN levels (956 ng/mL vs. 628 ng/mL, P = 0·0005; 1108 ng/mL vs. 792 ng/mL; P = 0·02). Next, we determined OPN cut‐off values for the detection of RV remodelling and dysfunction by receiver operating curve analyses and further stratified these parameters in a multivariate analysis. Here, OPN emerged as an independent predictor of RV dilatation and dysfunction. Finally, we demonstrate synergism of OPN and NT‐proBNP in the prediction of RV dilatation and dysfunction by calculation of the Rothman Synergy Index.Conclusion  In summary, OPN predicts adverse RV remodelling and dysfunction in PH. Together with our previously published data regarding OPN’s value for the prognostication of death in PH, we believe that OPN can improve risk stratification in patients with PH beyond current assessment standards.
Four years of experimental climate change modifies the microbial drivers of N2O fluxes in an upland grassland ecosystem
Authors: Cantarel Amélie A. M. , Bloor Juliette M. G. , Pommier Thomas , Guillaumaud Nadine , Moirot Caroline , Soussana Jean‐François , Poly Franck 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEmissions of the trace gas nitrous oxide (N2O) play an important role for the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone depletion, but the impacts of climate change on N2O fluxes and the underlying microbial drivers remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sustained climate change on field N2O fluxes and associated microbial enzymatic activities, microbial population abundance and community diversity in an extensively managed, upland grassland. We recorded N2O fluxes, nitrification and denitrification, microbial population size involved in these processes and community structure of nitrite reducers (nirK) in a grassland exposed for 4 years to elevated atmospheric CO2 (+200 ppm), elevated temperature (+3.5 °C) and reduction of summer precipitations (−20%) as part of a long‐term, multifactor climate change experiment. Our results showed that both warming and simultaneous application of warming, summer drought and elevated CO2 had a positive effect on N2O fluxes, nitrification, N2O release by denitrification and the population size of N2O reducers and NH4 oxidizers. In situ N2O fluxes showed a stronger correlation with microbial population size under warmed conditions compared with the control site. Specific lineages of nirK denitrifier communities responded significantly to temperature. In addition, nirK community composition showed significant changes in response to drought. Path analysis explained more than 85% of in situ N2O fluxes variance by soil temperature, denitrification activity and specific denitrifying lineages. Overall, our study underlines that climate‐induced changes in grassland N2O emissions reflect climate‐induced changes in microbial community structure, which in turn modify microbial processes.
Advances in global change research require open science by individual researchers
Authors: Wolkovich Elizabeth M. , Regetz James , O'Connor Mary I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUnderstanding how species and ecosystems respond to climate change requires spatially and temporally rich data for a diverse set of species and habitats, combined with models that test and predict responses. Yet current study is hampered by the long‐known problems of inadequate management of data and insufficient description of analytical procedures, especially in the field of ecology. Despite recent institutional incentives to share data and new data archiving infrastructure, many ecologists do not archive and publish their data and code. Given current rapid rates of global change, the consequences of this are extreme: because an ecological dataset collected at a certain place and time represents an irreproducible set of observations, ecologists doing local, independent research possess, in their file cabinets and spreadsheets, a wealth of information about the natural world and how it is changing. Although large‐scale initiatives will increasingly enable and reward open science, we believe that change demands action and personal commitment by individuals – from students and PIs. Herein, we outline the major benefits of sharing data and analytical procedures in the context of global change ecology, and provide guidelines for overcoming common obstacles and concerns. If individual scientists and laboratories can embrace a culture of archiving and sharing we can accelerate the pace of the scientific method and redefine how local science can most robustly scale up to globally relevant questions.
The Study of Nursing Care project: back to the future for contemporary nursing research?
Authors: Smith Kylie M. , Crookes Patrick A. 
Published: March 2012

smith k.m. & crookes p.a. (2012) The Study of Nursing Care project: back to the future for contemporary nursing research? Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2586–2593.AbstractAims.  To discuss the Study of Nursing Care project, an initiative from the late 1970s in the UK. The article explores the impact of the Study of Nursing Care on nursing research, and considers to what extent it presents a useful model for contemporary nursing research.Background.  It is acknowledged internationally that the nursing academic workforce is ageing and dwindling. Many possible solutions are being debated with all agreeing that the next generation of evidence based nurse leaders is urgently required.Data sources.  In this article, the authors survey existing workforce schemes, describe the Study of Nursing Care series, published in the 1970s, and draw on interviews and correspondence conducted in 2009 with four of the original Study of Nursing Care research assistants.Discussion.  The Study of Nursing Care project poses a potential response to academic workforce issues. This article discusses the evolution of the project, its methods and operation and considers its possible implications for contemporary practice.Implications for nursing.  The Study of Nursing Care model demonstrates the clear benefits of fully committed funding, a programmatic approach towards research development, and the importance of selecting the right kind of people for the work, in a National scheme.Conclusion.  The authors argue that although the clinical outcomes it set out to achieve remain elusive, the project produced a cohort of nurse researchers who went on to give important leadership in nursing, including in nursing academia/research. A contemporary version of the Study of Nursing Care has important potential to generate the next generation of nurse researchers, and leaders, into the twenty‐first century.
Revisiting sociotechnical systems in a case of unreported use of health information exchange system in three hospital emergency departments
Authors: Ozkaynak Mustafa , Brennan Patricia Flatley 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Health information exchange (HIE) allows clinicians to access patient level health care information. HIE can potentially improve patient care in emergency departments.Methods  We present a selected piece of evaluation of an HIE implementation in three Midwestern emergency departments. Data were collected through over 210 hours of direct observations and short interviews with 13 clinicians.Results  The results suggest that the usage rate of the HIE was low. Moreover, two ways of unreported use of the HIE system by clinicians was uncovered: (1) The HIE system was being used mostly for patients only with specific characteristics. (2) The information from the HIE system could be used to confront with the patients.Discussion  This study provides a case of how social system may shape a HIE technology. In order to fully benefit from HIE, understanding organizational and social context during the HIE design and implementation is needed. Such an understanding will also allow us to identify and detail required additional resources and organizational interventions that will complement HIE such as a case management strategy.
Identity and variability of Pythium species associated with yield decline in aerobic rice cultivation in the Philippines
Authors: Van Buyten E. , Banaay C. G. B. , Vera Cruz C. , Höfte M. 
Published: March 2012

The cultivation of aerobic rice in the tropics enables farmers to save water without lowering productivity. Unfortunately, this system suffers from declining yields due to a disease complex involving nematodes, pathogenic Pythium spp. and nutrient deficiencies. Assessing the impact of each underlying factor can contribute to efficient disease control measures. This study therefore investigated pathogenic and genotypic variability among Pythium species from affected aerobic rice fields in the Philippines using pathogenicity assays and sequence information from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and β‐tubulin gene. Three closely related Pythium spp., P. arrhenomanes, P. graminicola and P. inflatum, were recovered from affected aerobic rice fields. All P. arrhenomanes isolates reduced rice seedling growth, whereas only a few P. graminicola isolates and no P. inflatum isolates were pathogenic, indicating that P. arrhenomanes is probably the most important species affecting rice. Both P. arrhenomanes and P. graminicola isolates showed little genetic variation, despite the observed pathogenic variation within P. graminicola. Intraspecific variation was higher among P. inflatum isolates, but again no correlation was observed with phenotype. When screening P. arrhenomanes isolates from other hosts such as sugarcane, maize and several grasses, a link between pathogenic and genetic variability was detected. However, rice and maize isolates seemed to lack host specificity, and therefore crop rotation with maize might be a risky strategy to manage yield decline in Philippine aerobic rice fields.
Arabidopsis GCP3‐interacting protein 1/MOZART 1 is an integral component of the γ‐tubulin‐containing microtubule nucleating complex
Authors: Nakamura Masayoshi , Yagi Noriyoshi , Kato Takehide , Fujita Satoshi , Kawashima Noriyuki , Ehrhardt David W. , Hashimoto Takashi 
Published: March 2012

SummaryMicrotubules in eukaryotic cells are nucleated from ring‐shaped complexes that contain γ‐tubulin and a family of homologous γ‐tubulin complex proteins (GCPs), but the subunit composition of the complexes can vary among fungi, animals and plants. Arabidopsis GCP3‐interacting protein 1 (GIP1), a small protein with no homology to the GCP family, interacts with GCP3 in vitro, and is a plant homolog of vertebrate mitotic‐spindle organizing protein associated with a ring of γ‐tubulin 1 (MOZART1), a recently identified component of the γ‐tubulin complex in human cell lines. In this study, we characterized two closely related Arabidopsis GIP1s: GIP1a and GIP1b. Single mutants of gip1a and gip1b were indistinguishable from wild‐type plants, but their double mutant was embryonic lethal, and showed impaired development of male gametophytes. Functional fusions of GIP1a with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used to purify GIP1a‐containing complexes from Arabidopsis plants, which contained all the subunits (except NEDD1) previously identified in the Arabidopsis γ‐tubulin complexes. GIP1a and GIP1b interacted specifically with Arabidopsis GCP3 in yeast. GFP‐GIP1a labeled mitotic microtubule arrays in a pattern largely consistent with, but partly distinct from, the localization of the γ‐tubulin complex containing GCP2 or GCP3 in planta. In interphase cortical arrays, the labeled complexes were preferentially recruited to existing microtubules, from which new microtubules were efficiently nucleated. However, in contrast to complexes labeled with tagged GCP2 or GCP3, their recruitment to cortical areas with no microtubules was rarely observed. These results indicate that GIP1/MOZART1 is an integral component of a subset of the Arabidopsis γ‐tubulin complexes.
Cognition in older adults with bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder
Authors: Gildengers Ariel G , Butters Meryl A , Chisholm Denise , Anderson Stewart J , Begley Amy , Holm Margo , Rogers Joan C , Reynolds Charles F , Mulsant Benoit H 
Published: March 2012

Gildengers AG, Butters MA, Chisholm D, Anderson SJ, Begley A, Holm M, Rogers JC, Reynolds CF III, Mulsant BH. Cognition in older adults with bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 198–205. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with cognitive dysfunction in older age during both acute mood episodes and remitted states. The purpose of this study was to investigate for the first time the similarities and differences in the cognitive function of older adults with BD and MDD that may shed light on mechanisms of cognitive decline.Methods:  A total of 165 subjects with BD (n = 43) or MDD (n = 122), ages ≥ 65 years [mean (SD) 74.2 (6.2)], were assessed when euthymic, using comprehensive measures of cognitive function and cognitive–instrumental activities of daily living (C‐IADLs). Test results were standardized using a group of mentally healthy individuals (n = 92) of comparable age and education level.Results:  Subjects with BD and MDD were impaired across all cognitive domains compared with controls, most prominently in Information Processing Speed/Executive Function. Despite the protective effects of having higher education and lower vascular burden, BD subjects were more impaired across all cognitive domains compared with MDD subjects. Subjects with BD and MDD did not differ significantly in C‐IADLs.Conclusion:  In older age, patients with BD have worse overall cognitive function than patients with MDD. Our findings suggest that factors intrinsic to BD appear to be related to cognitive deterioration and support the understanding that BD is associated with cognitive decline.
Effects of an oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone acetate and ethinylestradiol on hair and skin quality in women wishing to use hormonal contraception
Authors: Kerscher M. , Reuther T. , Krueger N. , Buntrock H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Skin and hair appearance is important to body image. Oily skin and oily, impaired hair quality, which can develop in women taking certain types of hormonal contraceptives, may cause psychosocial stress.Objectives  The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of an oral monophasic contraceptive (0.03 mg ethinylestradiol/2 mg chlormadinone acetate) for 12 treatment cycles on the pathophysiology of oily skin and oily, impaired hair quality in healthy women.Methods  We assessed changes in hair and skin parameters at baseline, 12, 24 and 48 weeks, in 60 women aged 18–45 years. Psychological well‐being was verified by two subject self‐assessments (Hair quality, Hairdex).Results  Data from 31 subjects showed that treatment significantly improved sebum excretion at capillitium and forehead, and the number of terminal hairs. Visual haptic scores revealed significant decreases in capillitium seborrhoea, hair condition/density, capillitium dandruff and irritation/redness. Subject self‐assessment confirmed improvements in hair quality. Treatment was well tolerated.Conclusion  Chlormadinone acetate in hormonal contraception provides excellent cosmetic and dermatological benefits, which can improve psychosocial well‐being.