bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High spatial resolution
40
Ar/
39
Ar dating of pseudotachylites: geochronological evidence for multiple phases of faulting within basement gneisses of the Outer Hebrides (UK)
Authors: Sherlock Sarah C. , Strachan Rob A. , Jones Kevin A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:

Pseudotachylites within the Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic basement of the Lewisian Gneiss Complex have been analysed using the high spatial resolution
40
Ar/
39
Ar UV laserprobe technique. It has been possible to measure
40
Ar/
39
Ar age and ‘apparent' age variations that would be beyond resolution by lower spatial resolution or bulk
40
Ar/
39
Ar dating methods. We report a range of complexities including significantly younger narrow (<1 mm) margins on much older pseudotachylite veins, and heterogeneous excess argon contamination. We also report pseudotachylite veins of varying magnitudes that have been subject to later thermal reheating, whereby there is a relationship between vein thickness and extent of argon loss. In spite of these it is still possible to determine geologically meaningful
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages for pseudotachylite-forming events. In Lewis the
c
. 1900 Ma event may relate to early stages of Laxfordian reworking. In Barra and South Uist a 1300–1200 Ma event is recorded, whereas in Barra, South and North Uist a second event is recorded at
c
. 700 Ma, which is likely to be associated with NW- and west-directed thrusting, and could represent far-field effects of tectonic events recorded at this time east of the Moine Thrust in NW Scotland.

Supplementary material:

40
Ar/
39
Ar data are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18372
.
First report of amber with spider webs and microbial inclusions from the earliest Cretaceous (
c
. 140 Ma) of Hastings, Sussex
Authors: BRASIER MARTIN , COTTON LAURA , YENNEY IAN 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:

Early Cretaceous amber resins with macroscopic inclusions are extremely rare, as are ambers with inclusions from the parent plant. Here, we report earliest Cretaceous amber resins found within alluvial soils of the Ashdown Formation near Hastings in Sussex. In contrast to younger Cretaceous examples, this Hastings amber was arguably deposited shortly before the emergence of the earliest flowering plant communities
c
. 140 Ma BP. Preliminary studies reveal plentiful organic inclusions, including vascular tissues, tracheid cells and putative resin ducts of the parent coniferous trees. We also report remarkably preserved soil microbes, including structures comparable with actinobacterial colonies, putative fungal or cyanobacterial filaments, and the earliest examples of spider silk webs. The last includes threads that are twisted, paired and coated with sticky fluid droplets, comparable with those of araneoid spider webs studied by us in modern cherry tree resins. Together, these Hastings amber inclusions became entombed within resins that seeped through the charred bark of coniferous trees subjected to severe fire damage, whose logs were then swept onto fluvial wetlands by floods. Embalming resins of this kind may have evolved to combat damage associated with insects, fungi and widespread forest fires.
Evidence for 930 Ma metamorphism in the Shetland Islands, Scottish Caledonides: implications for Neoproterozoic tectonics in the Laurentia–Baltica sector of Rodinia
Authors: CUTTS K.A. , HAND M. , KELSEY D.E. , WADE B. , STRACHAN R.A. , CLARK C. , NETTING A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:

Zircon and monazite laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb geochronological data for two metasediment samples from the Westing Group, northern Shetland Islands, Scottish Caledonides yield ages between 938 ± 8 and 925 ± 10 Ma (Tonian) for upper amphibolites-facies metamorphism. Texturally early metamorphism is recorded by a migmatitic garnet + sillimanite + plagioclase + muscovite + biotite assemblage, which formed at
c
. 650–700 °C and 7 kbar. Subsequent reworking resulted in the growth of a secondary garnet + kyanite + plagioclase + muscovite + biotite assemblage at
c
. 650 °C and 8–9 kbar.
In situ
electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) U–Th–Pb chemical dating of monazite hosted within garnet grains and the matrix of one sample also give Tonian ages, apparently indicating that all the metamorphism occurred during the Neoproterozoic. However, the dominant structural fabrics appear to have formed during the Ordovician–Silurian Caledonian orogeny, suggesting that the reworking was substantially younger despite the apparent absence of Caledonian monazite or zircon ages. Detrital zircons are consistent with Laurentia–Baltica provenance. Deposition of the Westing Group is constrained to between
c
. 1030 and 930 Ma. The timing of Tonian metamorphism suggests possible correlations with sequences elsewhere in the northern Caledonides, including the Krummedal Succession of East Greenland and Laurentian-derived successions in Svalbard and northern Norway.

Supplementary material:

U–Pb LA-ICPMS and EPMA data are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org/SUP18379
.
Tectonomagmatic events during stretching and basin formation in the Labrador Sea and the Davis Strait: evidence from age and composition of Mesozoic to Palaeogene dyke swarms in West Greenland
Authors: LARSEN LOTTE M. , HEAMAN LARRY M. , CREASER ROBERT A. , DUNCAN ROBERT A. , FREI ROBERT , HUTCHISON MARK 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:Mesozoic to Palaeogene intrusive igneous rocks in West Greenland range from a large, coast-parallel dyke swarm to small, poorly defined dyke swarms or single intrusions. New age and geochemical data indicate that intrusion forms and melt compositions changed with time, dependent on changing stress fields and increasing lithospheric attenuation. During the periodc. 220–150 Ma (Late Triassic to Late Jurassic) incipient stretching is reflected in the production of highly alkaline, volatile-rich melts formed in small volumes in the deep lithosphere. Around 150 Ma (Kimmeridgian), increased extension took place and melts were intruded in a 60 km long swarm of scattered alkaline dykes. In the Early Cretaceous, 140–133 Ma, the regional stress field was intense, upwelling asthenospheric mantle started to melt, and alkali basaltic magmas were emplaced in a 400 km long coastal dyke swarm parallel to large linear faults offshore. In the Palaeocene, continental break-up took place and flood basalts (62–60 Ma) were extruded in the Nuussuaq Basin. Large basalt sills and dykes extend the region with Palaeocene activity 150 km southwards and form a link between the Nuussuaq Basin and the Sisimiut Basin offshore. Dykes with ages of 57–51 Ma indicate widespread younger volcanic activity.Supplementary material:Sample details, Ar/Ar data and plots, and Rb–Sr isochrons are available athttp://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18374.
Field-based investigations of an ‘Infracambrian’ clastic succession in SE Libya and its bearing on the evolution of the Al Kufrah Basin
Authors: Le Heron Daniel Paul , Howard James P. , Alhassi Aiyad Mohamed , Anderson Lester , Morton Andrew , Fanning C. Mark 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Field-based investigation of ‘Infracambrian’ rocks cropping out on the eastern flank of Al Kufrah Basin (area 500 000 km
2
) reveals a an approximately 500 m-thick clastic succession of massive and cross-bedded sandstones, separated by 60 m-thick mudrock intervals. New zircon age data indicate a maximum age of deposition of approximately 950 Ma; furthermore, the absence of zircons of Pan-African age suggests a minimum depositional age older than the Pan-African Orogeny. Previously unreported folding and spaced cleavage affects these deposits to produce a pronounced NE–SW-striking tectonic grain that is interpreted to result from NW–SE-directed orthogonal compression during the Pan-African Orogeny. These Infracambrian rocks are therefore unlikely to be suitable analogues for weakly deformed strata shown to exist beneath the Cambro-Ordovician strata of the Al Kufrah Basin. Earlier work mapped a series of Infracambrian marble outcrops along strike of the clastic deposits; thin section petrography reveals that some of these are basic igneous rocks metamorphosed to greenschist facies. Interpretation of gravity data over the Al Kufrah Basin shows NE–SW-striking faults, parallel to outcrop structures, and secondary NW–SE faults. The data do not support earlier interpretations of a rhomboidal geometry in the deep subsurface of the basin, which has previously been attributed to strike-slip (pull-apart) processes. This research impacts on earlier suggestions that the Al Kufrah Basin opened as one of a series of en echelon pull-apart basins situated along a 6000 km-long shear zone known as the Transafrican Lineament, stretching from the Nile to the Niger Delta.
Upper Vendian-lowest Ordovician sequences of the western Gondwana margin, NE Spain
Authors: Vintaned José A. Gámez , Schmitz Ulrich , Liñán Eladio 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The intra-Vendian (Ediacaran)–intra-Tremadocian succession of the Cadenas Ibéricas in NE Spain is divided into nine sequences. Overall, these are interpreted as second-order sequences. Those that encompass Lower and lower Middle Cambrian carbonates, with identified transgressive systems tract (TST) and highstand systems tract (HST) phases, may constitute elements of composite sequences. The lowermost sequence is of Late Vendian age. In Lower and lower Middle Cambrian units, sequence tops indicate drowning, reflecting extensional tectonics. Rifting effects are traceable up to mid-Mid Cambrian times. The remaining sequences probably represent a sag phase, either accentuating the preceding extensional local basin regime or heralding the Gondwana passive margin stage. Of the southerly Gondwana deposits those of other areas of the Iberian Peninsula and of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas fold belt show similar conditions during the Early Cambrian, that is, an Early Cambrian extensional regime, and, as for the Moroccan fold belt, four sequences imaging TST and HST phases.
The 'Infracambrian System' in the southwestern margin of Gondwana, southern South America
Authors: Hlebszevitsch J. C. , Gebhard I. , Cruz C. E. , Consoli V. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The classical definition of ‘Infracambrian’ that refers strictly to sequences of Proterozoic age is not applicable in southwestern Gondwana. In this paper the term ‘Infracambrian’ is used to define the sequences deposited during the Pampean orogenic cycle, which extends until the Cambrian period.
A classification of Infracambrian basins is proposed based on location, level of preservation and perceived petroleum potential. Only the eastern basins of the South American plate have potentially significant exploration potential.
Two Neoproterozoic petroleum systems have been identified in the eastern basins: a Riphean system, developed on the western margin of the San Francisco Craton, in the San Francisco Basin of Brazil; and a Vendian system, developed on the eastern margin of the Amazonia–Río de la Plata cratons, in the Corumbá Basin of Brazil and Paraguay. The Riphean system is reportedly proven by a well test drilled by Petrobras. An active Vendian petroleum system is proven by the presence of oil seeps within fractured limestones. A Vendian petroleum system is proposed for the Claromecó Basin of Argentina based on the correlation of the Vendian and Riphean sequences.
Macroevolutionary turnover through the Ediacaran transition: ecological and biogeochemical implications
Authors: Butterfield Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Ecological and evolutionary principles are often context-dependent, particularly where the context is biologically defined. Organ-grade animals (eumetazoans) are particularly powerful contextual agents, with a unique capacity to drive escalatory co-evolution and build multi-tiered food-webs. The evolution of eumetazoans through the Ediacaran and early Cambrian fundamentally altered macroecological and macroevolutionary dynamics, including the structure and function of the marine carbon cycle. Pelagic eumetazoans can be held responsible for driving the evolution of relatively large eukaryotic phytoplankton, thereby shifting the system from a turbid, stratified, cyanobacteria-dominated stable state to the clear-water, well-oxygenated, algae-dominated condition typical of the Phanerozoic. Intermittent return to the pre-Ediacaran state during Phanerozoic extinctions and oceanic anoxic events suggests that the widespread anoxia detected in pre-Ediacaran deep-marine sequences may be a consequence of this alternate biological pump rather than a reflection of fundamentally lower levels of atmospheric oxygen. The transition between the pre- and post-Ediacaran states is also associated with the oldest commercially exploitable hydrocarbons, a possible by-product of invading animals and their top-down impact on the biological pump.
Infracambrian sediments in Libyan sedimentary basins
Authors: Benshati H. , Khoja A. , Sola M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Infracambrian sediments are widely distributed in Libya, outcropping on the eastern and western margins of Al Kufrah Basin and the eastern margin of Murzuq Basin. The sediments have been penetrated in the Central Cyrenaica Platform, Concession 10, NW Sirte Basin, and Block NC115, NW Murzuq Basin.
There are two main subdivisions. The first is metamorphosed due to local volcanism in the Murzuq and Al Kufrah basins. The second is unaltered and has been penetrated in the NW Sirte Basin. It occurs as outcropping limestone on the eastern margin of the Murzuq Basin.
These sediments generally show lateral thickness variability, with the thickest section, approximately 991–1067 m, in the Cyrenaica Platform. Individual units show thinning towards the Precambrian basement highs, and both fining-up and coarsening-up successions. Two-dimensional seismic data acquired by the operating companies AGIP and AGOCO in the southern Al Kufrah Basin image strata presumed to be Infracambrian.
The Infracambrian sediments were probably deposited as lens-shaped bodies in palaeo-lows (graben, half-graben and troughs) alongside Precambrian basement highs, trending NW–SE in the Cyrenaica platform and NE–SW in the Al Kufrah and Murzuq basins. These sediments show lateral facies changes and their nomenclature differs across the basins. Palynological and palaeontological studies suggest a Late Riphean age.
The BRAFV600E Oncogene Induces Transforming Growth Factor β Secretion Leading to Sodium Iodide Symporter Repression and Increased Malignancy in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Riesco-Eizaguirre Garcilaso , Rodríguez Irene , De la Vieja Antonio , Costamagna Eugenia , Carrasco Nancy , Nistal Manuel , Santisteban Pilar 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The activating mutation BRAFV600E is a frequent genetic event in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) that predicts a poor prognosis, leading to loss of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression and subsequent radioiodide-refractory metastatic disease. The molecular basis of such an aggressive behavior induced by BRAF remains unclear. Here, we show a mechanism through which BRAF induces NIS repression and promotes epithelial to mesenchimal transition and invasion based on the operation of an autocrine transforming growth factor (TGF)β loop. BRAF induces secretion of functional TGFβ and blocking TGFβ/Smad signaling at multiple levels rescues BRAF-induced NIS repression. Although this mechanism is MAP/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)-ERK independent, secreted TGFβ cooperates with MEK-ERK signaling in BRAF-induced cell migration, Matrigel invasion, and EMT. Consistent with this process, TGFβ and other key components of TGFβ signaling, such as TβRII and pSmad2, are overexpressed in human PTC, suggesting a widespread activation of this pathway by locally released TGFβ. Moreover, this high TGFβ/Smad activity is associated with PTC invasion, nodal metastasis, and BRAF status. Interestingly, TGFβ is overexpressed in the invasive front, whereas NIS is preferentially expressed in the central regions of the tumors, suggesting that this negative correlation between TGFβ and NIS occurs locally inside the tumor. Our study describes a novel mechanism of NIS repression in thyroid cancer and provides evidence that TGFβ may play a key role in promoting radioiodide resistance and tumor invasion during PTC progression. [Cancer Res 2009;69(21):8317–25]
Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors: New Mode of Therapy to Overcome Endocrine Resistance
Authors: Wong Cynthie , Chen Shiuan 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors are important drugs to treat estrogen receptor α (ERα)–positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients. However, development of resistance to aromatase inhibitors has been observed. We examined whether the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG) can inhibit the growth of aromatase inhibitor–resistant breast cancers and the mechanisms by which 17-DMAG affects proliferation. Aromatase inhibitor–responsive MCF-7aro and aromatase inhibitor–resistant LTEDaro breast epithelial cells were used in this study. We observed that 17-DMAG inhibited proliferation in both MCF-7aro and LTEDaro cells in a dose-dependent manner. 17-DMAG induced apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest in both cell lines. Although inhibition of HSP90 decreased the levels of ERα, the ERα transcriptional activity was not affected when cells were treated with 17-DMAG together with estradiol. Moreover, detailed mechanistic studies suggested that 17-DMAG inhibits cell growth via degradation of HSP90 client proteins AKT and HER2. Collectively, results from this study provide data to support that HSP90 inhibitors may be an effective therapy to treat aromatase inhibitor–resistant breast cancers and that improved efficacy can be achieved by combined use of a HSP90 inhibitor and an AKT inhibitor. [Cancer Res 2009;69(22):8670–7]
Nuclear Translocation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Membrane Tyrosine Kinase Receptors
Authors: Wang Shao-Chun , Hung Mien-Chie 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntegral membrane proteins contain a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and mainly locate in the plasma membrane lipid bilayer. The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) superfamily, including ErbB-1, ErbB-2, ErbB-3, and ErbB-4, constitute an important group of such membrane proteins, which have a profound impact on cancer initiation, progression, and patient outcome. Although studies of their functions have conventionally focused on their membrane-associated forms, documented observations of the presence of these membrane receptors and their functioning partners in the nucleus have reshaped the intracellular geography and highlight the need to modify the central dogma. The ErbB proteins in the membrane can translocate to the nucleus through different mechanisms. Nuclear RTKs regulate a variety of cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, DNA damage repair, and signal transduction, both in normal tissues and in human cancer cell. In addition, they play important roles in determining cancer response to cancer therapy. Nuclear presence of these ErbB proteins is emerging as an important marker in human cancers. An integrated picture of the RTK-centered signaling transduction network extending from the membrane-cytoplasm boundary to the nuclear compartment is looming in the foreseeable horizon for clinical application. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(21):6484–9)
Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Using a Wnt-Targeted Replicating Adenovirus Encoding the Na/I Symporter
Authors: Peerlinck Inge , Merron Andrew , Baril Patrick , Conchon Sophie , Martin-Duque Pilar , Hindorf Cécilia , Burnet Jerome , Quintanilla Miguel , Hingorani Mohan , Iggo Richard , Lemoine Nick R. , Harrington Kevin , Vassaux Georges 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Purpose: The Na/I symporter (hNIS) promotes concentration of iodine in cells. In cancer gene therapy, this transgene has potential as a reporter gene for molecular imaging of viral biodistribution and as a therapeutic protein promoting 131I-mediated radiotherapy. Here, we combined the imaging and therapeutic potential of hNIS in an oncolytic adenoviruses targeting colorectal cancer cells.
Experimental Design: We generated an adenovirus (AdIP2) encoding hNIS and capable of selective replication in colorectal carcinoma cells. The selectivity of this virus was verified in vitro and in vivo. Its spread in tumors was monitored in vivo using single-photon emission computed tomography/CT imaging upon 99mTcO4− injection and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Metabolic radiotherapy was done through injection of therapeutic doses of 131I−.
Results: We showed in vitro and in vivo the selectivity of AdIP2 and that hNIS expression is restricted to the target cells. Imaging and immunohistochemical data showed that viral spread is limited and that the point of maximal hNIS expression is reached 48 hours after a single intratumoral injection. Administration of a single therapeutic dose of 131I at this time point led to a dramatic reduction in tumor size not observed in hNIS-negative viruses.
Conclusions: This report showed for the first time that the combination of the imaging and therapeutic potentials of hNIS can be applied to oncolytic adenoviruses in experimental models of cancer. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(21):6595–601)
JNJ-26481585, a Novel Second-Generation Oral Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Shows Broad-Spectrum Preclinical Antitumoral Activity
Authors: Arts Janine , King Peter , Marin Ann , Floren Wim , Belin Ann , Janssen Lut , Pilatte Isabelle , Roux Bruno , Decrane Laurence , Gilissen Ron , Hickson Ian , Vreys Veronique , Cox Eugene , Bol Kees , Talloen Willem , Goris Ilse , Andries Luc , Du Jardin Marc , Janicot Michel , Page Martin , van Emelen Kristof , Angibaud Patrick 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown promising clinical activity in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but their activity in solid tumor indications has been limited. Most HDAC inhibitors in clinical development only transiently induce histone acetylation in tumor tissue. Here, we sought to identify a second-generation class I HDAC inhibitor with prolonged pharmacodynamic response in vivo, to assess whether this results in superior antitumoral efficacy.
Experimental Design: To identify novel HDAC inhibitors with superior pharmacodynamic properties, we developed a preclinical in vivo tumor model, in which tumor cells have been engineered to express fluorescent protein dependent on HDAC1 inhibition, thereby allowing noninvasive real-time evaluation of the tumor response to HDAC inhibitors.
Results: In vivo pharmacodynamic analysis of 140 potent pyrimidyl-hydroxamic acid analogues resulted in the identification of JNJ-26481585. Once daily oral administration of JNJ-26481585 induced continuous histone H3 acetylation. The prolonged pharmacodynamic response translated into complete tumor growth inhibition in Ras mutant HCT116 colon carcinoma xenografts, whereas 5-fluorouracil was less active. JNJ-26481585 also fully inhibited the growth of C170HM2 colorectal liver metastases, whereas again 5-fluorouracil/Leucovorin showed modest activity. Further characterization revealed that JNJ-26481585 is a pan-HDAC inhibitor with marked potency toward HDAC1 (IC50, 0.16 nmol/L).
Conclusions: The potent antitumor activity as a single agent in preclinical models combined with its favorable pharmacodynamic profile makes JNJ-26481585 a promising second-generation HDAC inhibitor. The compound is currently in clinical studies, to evaluate its potential applicability in a broad spectrum of both solid and hematologic malignancies. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(22):684151)