bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humidity affects the extensibility of an orb-weaving spider's viscous thread droplets
Authors: Opell Brent D. , Karinshak Shannon E. , Sigler Mary A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
The prey-capture threads found in most spider orb webs rely on viscous droplets for their stickiness. Each droplet is formed of a central mass of viscoelastic glycoprotein glue surrounded by an aqueous covering, both of which incorporate hydrophilic components. We found that the extensibility of droplets on Larinioides cornutus threads increased as humidity increased. However, the deflection of the droplets' supporting axial lines did not change, indicating that atmospheric water uptake increases glycoprotein plasticity, but not glycoprotein adhesion. The extensibility of droplets, along with that of the thread's supporting axial fibers, is responsible for summing the adhesion of multiple thread droplets. Therefore, daily changes in humidity have the potential to significantly alter the performance of viscous threads and orb webs.
Milk energy output in Swiss mice throughout the first, second, third and fourth lactation events
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Jun 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYMost studies on the factors limiting sustained energy intake (SusEI) during peak lactation period have been performed in females at the 1st lactation event. However, an inconsistent change in SusEI is observed between the 1st and 2nd lactation event. Thus, the limits to SusEI may be associated with reproductive experiences, but the effects of reproductive experiences on SusEI or reproductive output remain unclear. Here, food intake, reproductive output, suckling behaviour and serum prolactin levels were measured in female Swiss mice throughout the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th lactation periods. Asymptotic food intake was significantly elevated during the 2nd lactation period relative to that observed during the 1st lactation period. Females in the 2nd lactation period exported significantly more energy in milk than those in the 1st lactation event and consequently raised larger litters with heavier litters at weaning. This was inconsistent with the prediction of the peripheral limitation hypothesis, but also did not provide support for the heat dissipation limitation hypothesis. Neither food intake nor reproductive output, indicative of litter size, litter mass and milk energy output (MEO), was different between the 1st, 3rd and 4th lactation event. Differences in suckling behaviour and serum prolactin levels were not significant between the four lactation events. Correlations of prolactin levels with asymptotic food intake, MEO and mammary gland mass were only observed in females during the 1st lactation period. This may suggest that prolactin is not a key factor in stimulating milk production when the mammary glands work at their maximum during the peak lactation period.
Oxygen convective uptakes in gas exchange cycles in early diapause pupae of Pieris brassicae
Authors: Jõgar Katrin , Kuusik Aare , Ploomi Angela , Metspalu Luule , Williams Ingrid , Hiiesaar Külli , Kivimägi Irja , Mänd Marika , Tasa Tea , Luik Anne 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
Oxygen convective uptakes in gas exchange cycles were directly recorded in early diapause pupae of Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera; Pieridae) by means of O2 coulometric respirometry. This method was combined with flow-through CO2 respirometry, the two systems being switchable one to the other. During recording with both systems, measurements were also taken with infrared actography. The pupae displayed short discontinuous gas exchange cycles lasting 40–70 min. No true C phase was found by flow-through measurements; instead, flutter opening of the spiracles with discrete convective O2 uptakes began shortly after the O phase whereas CO2 release was suppressed by the inward directed passive suction ventilation. The F phase was characterized by a series of small CO2 bursts (flutter events). Between these bursts, novel sub-phase `miniflutter' was observed, which consisted of six to 10 miniature inspirations without any CO2 emission. During the flow-through measurements, oxygen convective uptakes were indirectly recorded by the infrared actograph as sudden extensions (lengthening) of the abdominal segments at each spiracular microopening.
Anaemia adjusts the aerobic physiology of snapper (Pagrus auratus) and modulates hypoxia avoidance behaviour during oxygen choice presentations
Authors: Cook Denham G. , Wells Rufus M. G. , Herbert Neill A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe effect of altered oxygen transport potential on behavioural responses to environmental hypoxia was tested experimentally in snapper, Pagrus auratus, treated with a haemolytic agent (phenylhydrazine) or a sham protocol. Standard metabolic rate was not different between anaemic and normocythaemic snapper (Hct=6.7 and 25.7 g dl-1, respectively), whereas maximum metabolic rate, and hence aerobic scope (AS), was consistently reduced in anaemic groups at all levels of water PO2 investigated (P&lt;0.01). This reduction of AS conferred a higher critical oxygen limit (Pcrit) to anaemic fish (8.6±0.6 kPa) compared with normocythaemic fish (5.3±0.4 kPa), thus demonstrating reduced hypoxic tolerance in anaemic groups. In behavioural choice experiments, the critical avoidance PO2 in anaemic fish was 6.6±2.5 kPa compared with 2.9±0.5 kPa for controls (P&lt;0.01). Behavioural avoidance was not associated with modulation of swimming speed. Despite differences in physiological and behavioural parameters, both groups avoided low PO2 just below their Pcrit, indicating that avoidance was triggered consistently when AS limits were reached and anaerobic metabolism was unavoidable. This was confirmed by high levels of plasma lactate in both treatments at the point of avoidance. This is the first experimental demonstration of avoidance behaviour being modulated by internal physiological state. From an ecological perspective, fish with disturbed oxygen delivery potential arising from anaemia, pollution or stress are likely to avoid environmental hypoxia at a higher PO2 than normal fish.
Migration- and exercise-induced changes to flight muscle size in migratory birds and association withIGF1andmyostatinmRNA expression
Authors: Price Edwin R. , Bauchinger Ulf , Zajac Daria M. , Cerasale David J. , McFarlan Jay T. , Gerson Alexander R. , McWilliams Scott R. , Guglielmo Christopher G. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYSeasonal adjustments to muscle size in migratory birds may result from preparatory physiological changes or responses to changed workloads. The mechanisms controlling these changes in size are poorly understood. We investigated some potential mediators of flight muscle size (myostatin and insulin-like growth factor, IGF1) in pectoralis muscles of wild wintering or migrating white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis), captive white-throated sparrows that were photoperiod manipulated to be in a `wintering' or `migratory' (Zugunruhe) state, and captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) that were either exercised for 2 weeks in a wind tunnel or untrained. Flight muscle size increased in photo-stimulated `migrants' and in exercised starlings. Acute exercise but not long-term training caused increased expression of IGF1, but neither caused a change in expression of myostatin or its metalloprotease activator TLL1. Photo-stimulated `migrant' sparrows demonstrated increased expression of both myostatin and IGF1, but wild sparrows exhibited no significant seasonal changes in expression of either myostatin or IGF1. Additionally, in both study species we describe several splice variants of myostatin that are shared with distantly related bird species. We demonstrate that their expression patterns are not different from those of the typical myostatin, suggesting that they have no functional importance and may be mistakes of the splicing machinery. We conclude that IGF1 is likely to be an important mediator of muscle phenotypic flexibility during acute exercise and during endogenous, seasonal preparation for migration. The role of myostatin is less clear, but its paradoxical increase in photo-stimulated `migrants' may indicate a role in seasonal adjustments of protein turnover.
An observational study for venous thromboembolism risk assessment among hospitalized patients in general surgery clinics across Turkey
Authors: Kurtoglu Mehmet 
Published: August 2011

Objective Venous thromboembolism (VTE) still remains a significant public health problem due to gaps between recommendations and clinical practice in VTE prophylaxis. This is the first clinical study designed to evaluate the applicability of a standard ‘VTE prophylaxis and risk factor assessment form (VTE-PRAF)’ and prescription of VTE prophylaxis among hospitalized patients in the daily practice of general surgeons in Turkey. Method A total of 1472 patients (mean age: 52.4 ± 16.9 years; 50.6% were men) were included in cross-sectional ( n = 537), first longitudinal ( n = 452) or the second longitudinal ( n = 483) phases. Data on demographics, hospitalization, surgical intervention and prophylaxis were collected during the cross-sectional phase, whereas utilization of form was evaluated during longitudinal phases. Results While 62.1% of patients were identified to be at ‘high+ highest’ risk, prophylaxis was evident only for 65.9%. Utilization of the form was higher in the second longitudinal phase ( P < 0.001) but there was no relation between implementation of the form and prophylaxis use. VTE-PRAF was completed for 70.6% and 84.8% of patient who received prophylaxis while it was completed for 50.8% and 50.4% of patients with no prophylaxis, in the first and second longitudinal phases, respectively. Prophylaxis was administered in 58.6% and 62.6% of patients with completed VTE-PRAF in the first and second longitudinal phases, respectively. ‘Suggested’ and ‘used’ prophylaxis regimens were significantly more consistent for the cases evaluated with VTE-PRAF ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Based on the use of prophylaxis only for 65.9% of general surgery inpatients at high risk for VTE, low use of prophylaxis is assumed to remain a significant threat to public health across Turkey. Inclusion of a standard VTE-PRAF in the hospital protocol seems to raise clinical awareness of VTE risk assessment and appropriate management in VTE which otherwise well-known to be associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Impact of e-VTE-PRAF is worth investigating.
Safe Practices in Pharmacy Sterile Compounding Areas; Where should IV Labels be Affixed?; Outsourcing Pharmacy Ships to Wrong Hospital
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: August 2011

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Working toward a System-wide Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Strategy: Experience from a Multisite Health Region
Authors: Semchuk William , Kolodziejak Lynette , Bubbar Carolyn , Poulin Susan 
Published: August 2011

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprised of both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common complication for hospitalized patients. Clear guidance is available to practitioners in regard to risk factors for the development of VTE as well as strategies to decrease its prevalence. Despite knowing who is at risk and how to prevent VTE, practitioners provide adequate measures to only half of the patients who are eligible for VTE prophylaxis. Pharmacy practitioners within the Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region (RQHR) have been actively involved in improving VTE prophylaxis for inpatients over the past 10 years. Objective To improve the rate of VTE prophylaxis within the RQHR, thereby improving patient safety. Methods The strategy involved 3 phases: a preparation phase, an active intervention phase, and a maintenance and improvement phase. The preparation phase included education and participation in a national registry along with a residency project. The intervention phase consisted of a number of strategies in conjunction with 1-day VTE prophylaxis audits, and the maintenance phase consisted of ongoing educational initiatives and audits. Results From January 2005 to January 2009, the percentage of patients being appropriately managed for VTE prophylaxis within the RQHR improved from 62% to 94% ( P < .005). Looking specifically at our medical and surgical populations, rates increased from 47% to 90% ( P < .005) and 79% to 97% ( P < .005), respectively. Conclusion The strategy was successful in improving VTE prophylaxis in the inpatient population.
Thermodynamics of complexation of lanthanides with 2,6-bis(5,6-diethyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl) pyridine
Authors: Rawat Neetika , Bhattacharyya A. , Ghosh S. K. , Gadly T. , Tomar B. S. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Solvent extraction studies on separation of trivalent actinides from lanthanides using 2,6-bis(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl) pyridines have shown promising results with respect to separation factor and efficiency in acidic medium. In order to understand their complexation behavior, the stability constant (log β) of trivalent lanthanides (La, Nd, Eu, Tb, Ho, Tm, Lu) with 2,6-bis(5,6-diethyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridine (ethyl-BTP) have been determined in methanol medium (ionic strength 0.01 M) using spectrophotometric titrations. The stoichiometry of the complexes is found to vary with the ionic size of lanthanide ion. The variation in log β across the lanthanide series is attributed to variation in solvation characteristics of the metal ion. Comparison of log β for Ln(III)–ethyl-BTP complexes with other alkyl derivatives showed increase in the stability with increasing length of the alkyl group due to hydrophobic interaction. In the case of Eu(III), the speciation was also corroborated by time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The thermodynamic parameters (Δ G, Δ H, Δ S) for complexation of Eu(III) with ethyl-BTP, were determined by microcalorimetry, which revealed strong metal ion–ligand interaction with the reactions driven mainly by enthalpy.
Numerical solution of the Maxwell equations in time-varying media using Magnus expansion
Authors: Faragó István , Havasi Ágnes , Horváth Robert 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
For the Maxwell equations in time-dependent media only finite difference schemes with time-dependent conductivity are known. In this paper we present a numerical scheme based on the Magnus expansion and operator splitting that can handle time-dependent permeability and permittivity too. We demonstrate our results with numerical tests.
Groups whose proper subgroups are Baer-by-Chernikov or Baer-by-(finite rank)
Authors: Badis Abdelhafid , Trabelsi Nadir 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Our main result is that a locally graded group whose proper subgroups are Baer-by-Chernikov is itself Baer-by-Chernikov. We prove also that a locally (soluble-by-finite) group whose proper subgroups are Baer-by-(finite rank) is itself Baer-by-(finite rank) if either it is locally of finite rank but not locally finite or it has no infinite simple images.
Effect of wet-chemical substrate smoothing on passivation of ultrathin-SiO2/n-Si(111) interfaces prepared with atomic oxygen at thermal impact energies
Authors: Angermann Heike , Gref Orman , Stegemann Bert 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Ultrathin SiO2 layers for potential applications in nano-scale electronic and photovoltaic devises were prepared by exposure to thermalized atomic oxygen under UHV conditions. Wet-chemical substrate pretreatment, layer deposition and annealing processes were applied to improve the electronic Si/SiO2 interface properties. This favourable effect of optimized wet-chemical pre-treatment can be preserved during the subsequent oxidation. The corresponding atomic-scale analysis of the electronic interface states after substrate pre-treatment and the subsequent silicon oxide layer formation is performed by field-modulated surface photovoltage (SPV), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry in the ultraviolet and visible region (UV-VIS-SE).
Gas-liquid slug formation at a rectangular microchannel T-junction: A CFD benchmark case
Authors: Santos Rafael , Kawaji Masahiro 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an important tool for development of microfluidic systems based on gasliquid two-phase flow. The formation of Taylor slugs at microchannel T-junctions has been studied both experimentally and numerically, however discrepancies still exist because of difficulties in correctly representing experimental conditions and uncertainties in the physics controlling slug flow, such as contact line and velocity slip. In this paper detailed methods and results are described for the study of Santos and Kawaji [1] on the comparison of experimental results and numerical modeling. The system studied consisted of a rectangular microchannel Tjunction nominally 100 μm in hydraulic diameter, used to generate Taylor slugs from air-water perpendicular flow. The effect of flow rates on parameters such as slug length, velocity slip, void fraction and two-phase frictional pressure drop were studied. Numerical simulation was performed using FLUENT volume-of-fluid (VOF) model. It is proposed in this paper that this microfluidic problem be taken up by researchers in the field as a benchmark case to test other numeric codes in comparison to FLUENT on the prediction of micro-scale multiphase flow, and also to model in more detail the experimental system described to obtain greater accuracy in prediction of microfluidic slug formation.
Angiographic Regression Patterns After Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injections for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Tran Thi Ha Chau , Querques Giuseppe , Forzy Gerard , Souied Eric H. 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the relation between visual gain, injection frequency, and the angiographic regression patterns after intravitreal ranibizumab on an as-needed basis in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifty-nine treatment-naïve patients (68 eyes) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received three consecutive monthly injections (induction phase) of ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05 mL). Based on fluorescein angiography (FA), the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was judged to present either complete regression (pattern 1), partial regression (pattern 2), stabilization of the lesion size without leakage (pattern 3), stabilization of the lesion size with persistence of leakage (pattern 4), or increased angiographic size (pattern 5).

RESULTS:

Mean visual acuity (VA) significantly improved from 48 to 54.3 letters at 1 year after a mean of 5.5 injections (
P
< .001). Multiple linear regression revealed baseline VA as a predictor of visual gain and the angiographic pattern as a predictor of number of injections. Analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction (F-test [1.67] = 25,
P
< .001) between the number of injections at 12 months and the regression patterns, as evaluated by FA 1 month after the induction phase. Eyes showing complete CNV regression needed significantly fewer injections than eyes without any angiographic sign of CNV regression (3.4 injections in pattern 1 vs 5.6 injections in pattern 3 [
P
= .03], and 7 injections in pattern 4 [
P
< .001], 4.4 injections in pattern 2 vs 7 injections in pattern 4 [
P
< .001]).

CONCLUSION:
FA may represent a useful tool to adapt the rhythm of visits and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in exudative AMD.
Enhancing the Quality of MOF Thin Films for Device Integration Through Machine Learning: A Case Study on HKUST‐1 SURMOF Optimization
Authors: Pilz Lena , Koenig Meike , Schwotzer Matthias , Gliemann Hartmut , Wöll Christof , Tsotsalas Manuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetal–organic Frameworks (MOFs), especially as thin films, are increasingly recognized for their potential in device integration, notably in sensors and photo detectors. A critical factor in the performance of many MOF‐based devices is the quality of the MOF interfaces. Achieving MOF thin films with smooth surfaces and low defect densities is essential. Given the extensive parameter space governing MOF thin film deposition, the use of machine learning (ML) methods to optimize deposition conditions is highly beneficial. Combined with robotic fabrication, ML can more effectively explore this space than traditional methods, simultaneously varying multiple parameters to improve optimization efficiency. Importantly, ML can provide deeper insights into the synthesis of MOF thin films, an essential area of research. This study focuses on refining an HKUST‐1 SURMOF (surface‐mounted MOF) to achieve minimal surface roughness and high crystallinity, including a quantitative analysis of the importance of the various synthesis parameters. Using the SyCoFinder ML technique, thin film surface quality is markedly enhanced in just three generations created by a genetic algorithm, covering 30 distinct parameter sets. This method greatly reduces the need for extensive experimentation. Moreover, the results enhance the understanding of the vast synthesis parameter space in HKUST‐1 SURMOF growth and broaden the applications of MOF thin films in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Functional Aerogel Driven Synchronous Modulation of Zn2+ Interfacial Migration Behavior and Electrolyte Microenvironment Enables Highly Reversible Zn Anodes
Authors: Shi Zhenhai , Guo Junhong , Liu Zhuanyi , Xu Zijian , Yu Jiayi , Ren Jianguo , Chen Suli , Liu Tianxi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUncontrolled dendrite growth and electrolyte‐induced intricate parasitic reactions are two great challenges that hinder the commercial applications of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, a synchronous modulation strategy for Zn2+ interfacial migration behavior and electrolyte microenvironment is proposed by constructing a functional lanthanum hydroxide aerogel (LAG) interface layer on Zn anode surface. The in situ derivation of ion‐conducting zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS) from LAG layer results in the spontaneous generation of a hierarchic interface layer during the plating process, where the high Zn2+ selectivity of the upper dense ZHS layer can limit SO42− migration and allow for fast Zn2+ interfacial migration kinetics, while the aerogel layer with well‐defined nanochannels near the anode side can homogenize Zn2+ distribution, thus leading to the effective suppression of both dendrites and side reactions. Additionally, the pH microenvironment of the acidic electrolyte can be synchronously regulated by slightly soluble La(OH)3 aerogel, further inhibiting electrolyte corrosion and HER. Consequently, the modified Zn anode delivers highly reversible Zn plating/stripping and low‐voltage hysteresis, and the high areal‐capacity Zn||MnO2 full cells demonstrate considerable electrochemical performances under high Zn utilization conditions. This functional aerogel‐driven synchronous modulation strategy of Zn2+ migration behavior and electrolyte microenvironment provides new insight for stabilizing Zn metal anodes.