bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for the ‘Supporting Young Cancer Survivors who Smoke’ study (PRISM): Informing the development of a smoking cessation intervention for childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer survivors in England
Authors: Brown Morven C. , Araújo-Soares Vera , Skinner Roderick , Brown Jamie , Glaser Adam W. , Hanratty Helena , McCabe Martin G. , Amariutei Ana-Ecaterina , Mauri Sabrina , Sharp Linda 
Published: May 2024

Background
Childhood, adolescent and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors are vulnerable to adverse late-effects. For CAYA cancer survivors, tobacco smoking is the most important preventable cause of ill-health and early death. Yet, effective strategies to support smoking cessation in this group are lacking. The PRISM study aims to undertake multi-method formative research to explore the need for, and if appropriate, inform the future development of an evidence-based and theory-informed tobacco smoking cessation intervention for CAYA cancer survivors.

Materials and methods
PRISM involves three phases of: 1) an environmental scan using multiple strategies to identify and examine a) smoking cessation interventions for CAYA cancer survivors that are published in the international literature and b) current smoking cessation services in England that may be available to, or tailorable to, CAYA cancer survivors; 2) a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with CAYA cancer survivors (aged 16–29 years and who are current or recent ex-smokers and/or current vapers) to explore their views and experiences of smoking, smoking cessation and vaping; and 3) stakeholder workshops with survivors, healthcare professionals and other stakeholders to consider the potential for a smoking cessation intervention for CAYA cancer survivors and what such an intervention would need to target and change. Findings will be disseminated to patient groups, healthcare professionals and researchers, through conference presentations, journal papers, plain English summaries and social media.

Discussion
PRISM will explore current delivery of, perceived need for, and barriers and facilitators to, smoking cessation advice and support to CAYA cancer survivors from the perspective of both survivors and healthcare professionals. A key strength of PRISM is the user involvement throughout the study and the additional exploration of survivors’ views on vaping, a behaviour which often co-occurs with smoking. PRISM is the first step in the development of a person-centred, evidence- and theory-based smoking cessation intervention for CAYA cancer survivors who smoke, which if effective, will reduce morbidity and mortality in the CAYA cancer survivor population.
Changing risk factors for developing SARS-CoV-2 infection from Delta to Omicron
Authors: Hunter Paul R. , Brainard Julii 
Published: May 2024

Background
One of the few studies to estimate infection risk with SARS-CoV-2 in the general population was the UK Office of National Statistics Infection Survey. This survey provided data that allowed us to describe and interpret apparent risk factors for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in a period when variants and COVID-19 controls experienced large changes.

Method
The ONS published estimates of likelihood of individuals testing positive in two week monitoring periods between 21st November 2021 and 7th May 2022, relating this positivity to social and behavioural factors. We applied meta-regression to these estimates of likelihood of testing positive to determine whether the monitored potential risk factors remained constant during the pandemic.

Results
Some risk factors had consistent relationship with risk of infection (always protective or always linked to higher risk, throughout monitoring period). Other risk factors had variable relationship with risk of infection, with changes seeming to especially correlate with the emergence of Omicron BA.2 dominance. These variable factors were mask-wearing habits, history of foreign travel, household size, working status (retired or not) and contact with children or persons age over 70.

Conclusion
Relevance of some risk factors to likelihood of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 may relate to reinfection risk, variant infectiousness and status of social distancing regulations.
Prevalence of abnormal electrocardiographic findings and associated factors among patients with epilepsy at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia; Hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gemechu Tadesse Dukessa , Kasahun Minase Tekabe , Abera Eyob Girma , Tukeni Kedir Negesso 
Published: May 2024

Background
A person with epilepsy experiences recurrent seizures as a result of a persistent underlying disorder. About 50 million people globally are impacted by it, with 4 million of those being in Sub-Saharan Africa. One of the most frequent comorbidities that raise the mortality and morbidity rates of epileptic patients is abnormal Electrocardiographic (ECG) findings. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal ECG findings in epileptic patients that might lead to increased risk of sudden cardiac death.

Methodology
A hospital based cross-sectional study was at Jimma Medical Center of Ethiopia on epileptic patients who were on follow-up at neurologic clinics during the data collection period. The malignant ECG characteristics and was identified using the ECG abnormality tool. To facilitate analysis, the gathered data was imported into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to the SPSS version 26. The factors of abnormal ECG and sudden death risk were examined using bivariate logistic regression.

Results
The study comprised 190 epileptic patients, with a mean age of 32 years. There were more men than women, making up 60.2%. A 43.2% (n = 80) frequency of ECG abnormalities was identified. According to the study, early repolarization abnormalities were the most common ECG abnormalities and increased with male sex and the length of time a person had seizures (AOR) of 4.751 and 95% CI (.273,.933), p = 0.029, compared to their female counterparts.

Conclusion
The frequency of malignant ECG alterations in epileptic patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center in Ethiopia is described in the study. According to the study, there were significant ECG alterations in epileptic individuals. Male gender and longer duration of epilepsy raise the risk of abnormal ECG findings that could result in sudden cardiac death.
Cost-effectiveness of mask mandates on subways to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the United States
Authors: Park Joohyun , Joo Heesoo , Kim Daniel , Mase Sundari , Christensen Deborah , Maskery Brian A. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Community-based mask wearing has been shown to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, few studies have conducted an economic evaluation of mask mandates, specifically in public transportation settings. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of implementing mask mandates for subway passengers in the United States by evaluating its potential to reduce COVID-19 transmission during subway travel.

Materials and methods
We assessed the health impacts and costs of subway mask mandates compared to mask recommendations based on the number of infections that would occur during subway travel in the U.S. Using a combined box and Wells-Riley infection model, we estimated monthly infections, hospitalizations, and deaths averted under a mask mandate scenario as compared to a mask recommendation scenario. The analysis included costs of implementing mask mandates and COVID-19 treatment from a limited societal perspective. The cost-effectiveness (net cost per averted death) of mandates was estimated for three different periods based on dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants: Alpha, Beta, and Gamma (November 2020 to February 2021); Delta (July to October 2021); and early Omicron (January to March 2022).

Results
Compared with mask recommendations only, mask mandates were cost-effective across all periods, with costs per averted death less than a threshold of $11.4 million (ranging from cost-saving to $3 million per averted death). Additionally, mask mandates were more cost-effective during the early Omicron period than the other two periods and were cost saving in January 2022. Our findings showed that mandates remained cost-effective when accounting for uncertainties in input parameters (e.g., even if mandates only resulted in small increases in mask usage by subway ridership).

Conclusions
The findings highlight the economic value of mask mandates on subways, particularly during high virus transmissibility periods, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study may inform stakeholders on mask mandate decisions during future outbreaks of novel viral respiratory diseases.
Evaluation of a new transpalpebral tonometer for self-measuring intraocular pressure
Authors: Kobashi Hidenaga 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
We developed a novel transpalpebral self-tonometer called the TapEye tonometer (TET) based on palpation of the upper eyelid. Our goal was to evaluate a method for improving the accuracy of measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) through the eyelid.

Methods
Participants underwent standardized training by technicians and were required to be able to use the TET for study inclusion. Subsequently, a noncontact tonometer and Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) were used. All participants were instructed to measure their IOPs using the three tonometers at baseline (visit 1) and at 1 month (visit 2). At visit 2, the corrected IOP value measured by the TET (c-TET) was calculated using the difference between the TET and GAT measurements obtained at visit 1.

Results
No significant correlations were found between the TET and GAT measurements at any visit, but the correlation between the c-TET and GAT measurements at visit 2 was significant. The mean difference between the c-TET and GAT measurements was 0.4 ± 3.7 mmHg in the right eye and 0.5 ± 3.4 mmHg in the left eye.

Conclusions
After correcting the IOP based on the difference between the TET and GAT measurements at the initial visit, the corrected IOP value of the TET was correlated with that of the GAT at the second visit. The TET has the potential to address an unmet need by providing a tool for minimally invasive IOP measurements.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registration number: jRCTs032220268.
The low and high doses administration of lutein improves memory and synaptic plasticity impairment through different mechanisms in a rat model of vascular dementia
Authors: Asadi nejad Hamideh , Yousefi Nejad Amirhossein , Akbari Somayeh , Naseh Maryam , Shid Moosavi Seyed Mostafa , Haghani Masoud 
Published: May 2024

Background and aim
Vascular dementia (VD) is a common type of dementia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low and high doses of lutein administration in bilateral-carotid vessel occlusion (2VO) rats.

Experimental procedure
The rats were divided into the following groups: the control, sham-, vehicle (2VO+V) groups, and two groups after 2VO were treated with lutein 0.5 (2VO+LUT-o.5) and 5mg/kg (2VO+LUT-5). The passive-avoidance and Morris water maze were performed to examine fear and spatial memory. The field-potential recording was used to investigate the properties of basal synaptic transmission (BST), paired-pulse ratio (PPR), as an index for measurement of neurotransmitter release, and long-term potentiation (LTP). The hippocampus was removed to evaluate hippocampal cells, volume, and MDA level.

Result
Treatment with low and high doses improves spatial memory and LTP impairment in VD rats, but only the high dose restores the fear memory, hippocampal cell loss, and volume and MDA level. Interestingly, low-dose, but not high-dose, increased PPR. However, BST recovered only in the high-dose treated group.

Conclusions
Treatment with a low dose might affect neurotransmitter release probability, but a high dose affects postsynaptic processes. It seems likely that low and high doses improve memory and LTP through different mechanisms.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China
Authors: He Chaoneng , Mi Xiufang , Xu Gaoqi , Xu Xinglu , Xin Wenxiu , Zhong Like , Zhu Junfeng , Shu Qi , Fang Luo , Ding Haiying 
Published: May 2024

Objective
We aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone as a first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods
A partitioned survival model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced or metastatic OSCC over a 10-year lifetime horizon from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Costs and utilities were derived from the drug procurement platform and published literature. The model outcomes comprised of costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to address uncertainty and ensure the robustness of the model.

Results
Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy yielded an additional 0.337 QALYs and incremental costs of $7,117.007 compared with placebo plus chemotherapy, generating an ICER of $21,116.75 per QALY, which was between 1 time ($12,674.89/QALY) and 3 times GDP ($38,024.67/QALY) per capita. In one-way sensitivity analysis, the ICER is most affected by the cost of oxaliplatin, paclitaxel and tislelizumab. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, when the willingness-to-pay threshold was set as 1 or 3 times GDP per capita, the probability of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy being cost-effective was 1% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion
Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy was probably cost-effective compared with chemotherapy alone as the first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic OSCC in China.
A systematic review of the factors associated with malaria infection among forest rangers
Authors: Dapari Rahmat , Mohd Yusop Muhamad Zazali Fikri , Chinnasamy Dharsshini , Zakaria Nurul Izati , Mohd Shoaib Siti Munisah , Edros Mohd Erfan 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Malaria is a vector-borne disease that initially manifests as fever, headache, and chills. The illness could progress to more severe conditions, including lethargy, impaired consciousness, convulsions, shortness of breath, blood in urine, jaundice, and haemorrhage if left untreated. The risk of contracting malaria is considerably heightened in specific occupational settings, particularly among forest rangers, following frequent exposure to natural habitats. Consequently, advancing the understanding of malaria and emphasising how specific occupational environments (including those of forest rangers) contribute to disease risk and management is imperative.

Objective
The present study aims to determine the factors associated with malaria infection among forest rangers by systematically reviewing electronic articles from three databases (EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate).

Methods
The current review was prepared based on the updated preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. First, three independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of the data collected. The information was then stored in Endnote20 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were critically appraised with the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) to assess their quality.

Result
A total of 103, 31, and 51 articles from EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate, respectively, were selected, resulting in 185 unique hits. Nevertheless, only 63 full-text publications were assessed following a rigorous selection screening, from which only five were included in the final review. The studies revealed that several factors contribute to malaria infection among forest rangers. The parameters were classified into sociodemographic, individual, and living condition-related.

Conclusion
A better understanding of malaria progresses and identifying its potential risk factors is essential to impact worker well-being. The findings might be utilised to improve malaria infection prevention programme implementations, hence maximising their success. Pre-employment and regular health screenings could also aid in evaluating and identifying potential risks for malaria infection among forest rangers.
Total losses and dispersion effects management and upgrading fiber reach in ultra-high optical transmission system based on hybrid amplification system
Authors: Ramkumar Govindaraj , Shahila Ferlin Deva , Lingaraj Vanitha , Chandran Prabhu , Chidambaram Vivek , Arumugam Parimala , Ramadan Hegazy Mahmoud 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work demonstrated the total losses and dispersion effects management and upgrading the fiber reach in ultra-high optical transmission system based on hybrid amplification system. Based on the requirements of the system, a number of trade-offs must be made between the numerous interconnected performance characteristics of each component in the design of a high quality transmission link. The transmission distance is the greatest distance that an optical signal has to travel. It affects the choice of optical component, fiber type, and signal amplification techniques. Fiber amplifiers or signal regeneration may be required to compensate for signal loss over greater distances. Reviewing these crucial aspects helps when selecting the best optical components and system layout. This ensures the optical link performs as expected. Hybrid amplification system unit (EDFA/Raman/EDFA), (EDFA/Raman), (BFA/PDFA) and (Raman/EDFA) is employed in the transmission system to strength the signal and upgrade the system performance operation efficiency. Space division multiplexing scheme is also employed with the propagation scheme in order to upgrade and control of the total losses and dispersion effects. The optimum total losses/dispersion/repeater spacing are studied with the variations of the total number of links per fiber core channel.
The impact of prepregnancy body mass index on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Mackeen A. Dhanya , Boyd Victoria E. , Schuster Meike , Young Amanda J. , Gray Celia , Angras Kajal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
The obesity epidemic in the United States is continuing to worsen. Obesity is a known risk factor for pregnancy morbidity. However, many studies use the patient’s body mass index (BMI) at the time of delivery, do not stratify by class of obesity, or utilize billing codes as the basis of their study, which are noted to be inaccurate.

Objectives
This study aims to investigate the prepregnancy BMI class specific risks for pregnancy and neonatal complications based on a prepregnancy BMI class.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 40,256 pregnant women with 55,202 singleton births between October 16, 2007 and December 3, 2023. We assessed the risk of pregnancy and neonatal morbidity based on the maternal prepregnancy BMI category. The primary outcome was composite maternal morbidity, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (i.e., gestational hypertension [GHTN] and preeclampsia), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), adjusted for pregestational diabetes mellitus and chronic hypertension (cHTN). Secondary maternal outcomes included preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm delivery (PTD<37 and <32 weeks), induction of labor (IOL), cesarean delivery (CD), and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Neonatal outcomes included a composite adverse outcome (including stillbirth, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome [RDS], APGAR [Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration] <7 at 5 min, and neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] admission), birthweight, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and macrosomia.

Results
Composite maternal morbidity (odds ratio [OR] 4.40, confidence interval [CI] 3.70–5.22 for class III obesity [BMI≥40.0 kg/m2] compared with normal BMI), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), GDM, PTD, IOL, CD, PPH, neonatal composite morbidity, hypoglycemia, RDS, APGAR<7 at 5 min, NICU admission, and macrosomia showed a significant increasing test of trend among BMI classes. Increased BMI was protective for FGR.

Conclusions
Our data provides BMI-class specific odds ratios (ORs) for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Increased BMI class significantly increases the risk of HDP, GDM, IOL, CD, composite adverse neonatal outcomes, and macrosomia, and decreases the risk of FGR. Attaining a healthier BMI category prior to conception may lower pregnancy morbidity.
Language Ideologies and Dialect Shift in Helvécian Portuguese
Authors: Lamberti Luana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Speakers from the Helvécian community in Bahia, Brazil, have been accommodating their language variety towards standard Brazilian Portuguese for the past 60 years. This article demonstrates that a complex web of socioeconomic events is tied to this phenomenon. It provides an overview of the most recent socioeconomic and political changes in the community, combined with a discourse analysis of the metalinguistic commentaries identified in narratives collected during my 2019 fieldwork in the community. The research demonstrates that speakers’ metalinguistic patterns are mediated by iconization, which sees younger speakers linguistically differentiate themselves from the traditional dialect. The findings support the theory that socioeconomic events cause direct linguistic change, especially among speakers of minority languages.
Élő method based mobile TV recommendation system
Authors: Ercsey Zsolt , Forray László , Storcz Tamás 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStreaming services spread rapidly. Among these services there are the linear TV, video library or program review system, while the online platform offering these contents is called mobile TV. A recommendation system may not only keep existing clients, but may also generate further turnover, should it introduce new content to the users. In this paper a recommendation system based on the Élő point calculation method is addressed. It is detailed how the programs should be grouped into different dimensions and what type of categories should be considered. Further, the idea of punch cards is introduced. Besides, the user profiles are set. The match system introduced by Élő is applied to the present situation. The system is introduced at a local mobile TV provider with 20,000 users.