bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femoral-head vascularity after hip surface arthroplasty
Authors: Kannan Arun , Bal Chandra Sekhar , Kumar Vijay , Mittal Ravi , Damle Nishikant , Malhotra Rajesh 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundIatrogenic devascularization of the femoral head is as an area of concern following hip resurfacing arthroplasty, with probable implications on short-term failure and long-term survival of the implant.Materials and methodsWe assessed the vascularity of 25 resurfaced femoral heads in 20 patients by comparison with preoperative and postoperative Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy images, the postoperative scans being done 9 months after the surgery.ResultsEight out of 25 hips (32%) showed <55% of their preoperative uptake at a mean of 9 months after surgery and were categorized as showing reduced vascularity.ConclusionOur study reveals reduction in vascularity of the femoral-head remnant as a frequent occurrence after hip resurfacing. Our study also highlights the role of bone scintigraphy as tool in assessing the vascularity of resurfaced femoral heads.
Implementing Methods to Improve Perioperative Hemostasis in the Surgical and Trauma Settings
Authors: Neveleff Deborah J. , Kraiss Larry W. , Schulman Christine S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAchieving perioperative hemostasis is vital to surgical success. Inadequate control of bleeding is associated with serious adverse outcomes, including extended duration of surgery, unanticipated blood transfusions, shock, infection, impaired wound healing, longer hospital stays, and mortality. Appropriate clinical management of bleeding in the surgical and trauma settings requires careful collaborative planning and coordination by the entire perioperative team. Perioperative nurses, because of their strategic role in patient care, must be familiar with risk factors for excessive bleeding and the fundamental roles of hemostatic agents, environmental temperature, and blood transfusion in controlling bleeding in the surgical patient. Knowledge of the characteristics, safety, efficacy, and costs of available topical hemostatic agents promotes their appropriate selection in the OR. By incorporating evidence‐based approaches into practice, perioperative nurses can support effective intraoperative hemostasis, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Motivating consumer behavior by subliminal conditioning in the absence of basic needs: Striking even while the iron is cold
Authors: Veltkamp Martijn , Custers Ruud , Aarts Henk 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPrevious research suggests that priming of behavioral concepts (e.g., drinking water) motivates consumers outside conscious awareness, but only if primes match a current need (e.g., fluid deprivation). The present article reports two studies testing whether subliminal conditioning (subliminally priming a behavioral concept and linking it to positive affect) can motivate such need‐related behaviors even in the absence of deprivation. Both studies showed an interaction effect: Motivation to drink water increased with fluid deprivation, and subliminally conditioning drinking water more positive only motivated drinking in the absence of deprivation. Furthermore, Study 2 suggests that motivation resulting from conditioning is more specific than following deprivation, as only the latter can be reduced by pursuing alternative behaviors (i.e., eating high‐liquid foods). Thus, although traditionally the motivation for need‐related behaviors is thought to depend on deprivation, this research shows subliminal conditioning can motivate consumers as if they were deprived.
Maximizing the migration policy buck: Uniting temporary labor, development and foreign policy goals in New Zealand
Authors: Barker Fiona 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Beyond the immediate goal of filling a labor market “gap”, temporary labor migration schemes can be seen to serve a multiplicity of policy goals, including development, foreign policy, public diplomacy and trade objectives. The paper examines state motivations, policy design and goals across three temporary worker programs in New Zealand – the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) scheme for workers from Pacific states, the working holiday maker program, and inclusion of temporary migration in free trade agreements. New Zealand represents a relatively non-exploitative environment for temporary migrants, in part due to an underlying expectation that many temporary workers are “permanent residents in waiting”. However, it is argued that proliferation of micro guest worker programs may risk producing conflicting policy consequences, which could in turn be damaging to the goals and success of individual temporary worker programs, notably in the case of the RSE scheme.
The Triassic stage of mafic magmatism in the Dzhugdzhur–Stanovoi superterrane (southern framing of the North Asian craton)
Authors: Buchko I.V. , Sorokin A.A. , Sal’nikova E.B. , Kotov A.B. , Velikoslavinskii S.D. , Larin A.M. , Izokh A.E. , Yakovleva S.Z. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
With U-Pb zircon dating, the ages of the Ul’degit (228 ± 1 Ma) and Chek-Chikan (203 ± 1 Ma) mafic massifs were determined. These massifs were earlier considered to form at the Early Precambrian stage of the geologic evolution of the Dzhugdzhur–Stanovoi superterrane. In geochemical features the igneous rocks of the massifs show relation with a within-plate source, on the one hand, and are similar to igneous rocks of subduction zones, on the other. They might have formed after subduction, which caused the intrusion of gabbroids of the Lucha massif (248 ± 1 Ma) and diorites of the Tok-Algoma complex (238 ± 2 Ma), followed by the fracturing of the subducted plate.
The regularities of distribution of radionuclides and rare-earth elements in bottom sediments of Siberian lakes
Authors: Strakhovenko V.D. , Shcherbov B.L. , Malikova I.N. , Vosel’ Yu.S. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Geochemical studies of the ecosystems of 184 Siberian lakes in three largest zones of northern Asia (humid, arid, and semiarid) and in mountainous area were carried out. The contents of natural radionuclides, radiocesium, and rare-earth elements in conjugate components of the systems and the types of the main sources of the bottom sediment material have been determined.
Dating of the bottom sediments was made by the activity of radioisotopes 137Cs and 210Pb, which permitted estimation of the sedimentation rates in lakes in different regions of Siberia: 0.35 cm/year in the south and 0.25–0.3 cm/year in the north.
Six main ions have been determined in the waters of the studied lakes: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3−, SO42−, and Cl−. The distribution of natural radionuclides in the stratified sections of bottom sediments of Siberian lakes evidences the stable sedimentation and characterizes their contents in the soils of water-catchment areas, which can be considered background contents there. Sediments enriched in organic matter have higher concentrations of U and lower ones of Th and K. The Th/K ratio in the studied bottom sediments is the same as in the soils. The Th/U ratios are somewhat lower than those in the soils because U is accumulated by chemogenic and organic components. The overall 137Cs pollution of bottom sediments of Siberian lakes is close to the global background (40 mCi/km2 in 2000), but in the Altai Territory and Buryatia and Altai Republics it is twice higher. The uneven areal and temporal distribution of residual radiocesium is observed not only in the lacustrine sediments but also in the lake water areas. The REE patterns of bottom sediments of different mineral types are similar to those of continental crust and clays of the Russian Platform, though organogenic and carbonate sediments have higher absolute REE contents than terrigenous ones. Pelitic fraction is the main REE concentrator in the bottom sediments.
TEM surveys for magnetic viscosity of rocks in situ
Authors: Stognii Vas.V. , Kozhevnikov N.O. , Antonov E.Yu. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We discuss the results of a field experiment in the Malaya Botuobiya area (West Yakutia) at a site where earlier surveys revealed slowly decaying transient responses. That time-dependent voltage decay indicated magnetic viscosity effects associated with magnetic relaxation of superparamagnetic grains in rocks. In this study, we have applied a high-resolution array TEM survey to contour the anomaly and parametric soundings with systems of different configurations to explore the vertical pattern of magnetic viscosity. The parametric data have been inverted, by means of manual and automated fitting, with a reference model of a layered magnetically viscous earth, using, respectively, analytical formulas and simulation based on a forward solution by separation of variables. According to both automated and manual inversion, the section at the center of the anomalous site fits a three-layer earth model with an intermediate magnetically viscous layer between two nonmagnetic layers. This model is consistent with a priori evidence of local geology and may provide more details of the latter. The inversion results have been further used to estimate the volumetric percentage of superparamagnetic grains in the magnetically viscous layer, assuming magnetite to be the main ferrimagnetic phase.
Current concepts for determining the postpalatal seal in complete dentures
Authors: Rashedi Behnoush , Petropoulos Vicki C. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose In 2001, a survey of U.S. dental schools was conducted to determine the concepts and techniques used for establishing the postpalatal seal (PPS) in a predoctoral dental curriculum.Materials and methods The questionnaire was mailed to the chairperson of the prosthodontic/restorative departments of 54 U.S. dental schools. Of these, 44 returned the completed survey, resulting in a response rate of 82%.Results Results from this survey show that 80% of the schools are teaching a combination of phonation with other methods for locating the vibrating line. The 1 vibrating line concept for establishing the PPS is taught by 80% of schools; 77% of these schools locate the posterior termination of the maxillary denture on the vibrating line. Carving the PPS in the maxillary master cast is taught by 95% of the schools. Most of the schools teach the students to carve the PPS to a depth of 1.0–1.5 mm in the maxillary master cast. Compressibility of the palatal tissues is a consideration during PPS carving for 91% of the schools. The butterfly pattern is the most frequently (75%) described pattern for PPS carving.Conclusions There is some variability from school to school on performing the PPS in the maxillary denture, although some trends are evident.
A version of smooth K-theory adapted to the total Chern class
Authors: Berthomieu Alain 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new model of smooth K0-theory ([5] [1]) is constructed, with the help of the total Chern class (contrary to the theories considered in ]1], [5], [12] and [13] which use the Chern character). The correspondence with the earlier model [1] is obtained by adapting, at the level of transgression forms, the usual formulae which express the Chern character in terms of the Chern classes and vice versa.The advantage of this new model is that it allows constructing Chern classes with values in integral Chern-Simons characters in a natural way: this construction answers a question asked by U. Bunke [4].
Rigid endoscopic evaluation of conventional curettage adenoidectomy
Authors: Regmi D , Mathur N N , Bhattarai M 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the results of conventional adenoidectomy, using rigid endoscopy of the nasopharynx, and to establish the role of such evaluation in facilitating complete adenoid removal via the curettage technique.Design:Descriptive rigid endoscopic evaluation of the nasopharynx before and after adenoid curettage, and following subsequent endoscopy-assisted adenoidectomy.Setting:Tertiary referral centre.Patients:Forty-one consecutive children with symptomatic adenoid hypertrophy scheduled to undergo adenoidectomy.Results:Rigid endoscopic evaluation indicated that conventional curettage, used alone, failed to completely remove adenoid tissue from the superomedial choanae and anterior vault in all cases; incomplete removal was also seen in other parts of the choanae (in 67.2 per cent of patients), the eustachian tube opening (63 per cent), the nasopharyngeal roof (61.78 per cent) and the fossa of Rosenmuller (61 per cent). Subsequent rigid endoscopy-assisted adenoidectomy successfully removed the residual adenoid tissue from all nasopharyngeal sites, except the eustachian tube opening in two cases.Conclusion:Conventional curettage adenoidectomy misses a substantial amount of adenoid tissue. Rigid endoscopy-assisted adenoidectomy improves this result by enabling localisation of any residual adenoid tissue.
Ear injuries sustained by British service personnel subjected to blast trauma
Authors: Breeze J , Cooper H , Pearson C R , Henney S , Reid A 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives:To describe the pattern of ear injuries sustained by all British servicemen serving in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2006 and 2009; to identify all servicemen evacuated to the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine following blast injury; to ascertain how many underwent otological assessment; and to calculate the incidence of hearing loss.Design and setting:A retrospective analysis of data obtained from the Joint Theatre Trauma Registry and the Defence Analytical and Statistics Agency, together with audiometry records from the University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Trust.Results:Ear damage was present in 5 per cent of all British servicemen sustaining battle injuries. Tympanic membrane rupture occurred in 8 per cent of personnel evacuated with blast injuries. In 2006, 1 per cent of servicemen sustaining blast injury underwent audiography; this figure rose to 13 per cent in 2009. Fifty-three per cent of these audiograms were abnormal.Conclusion:The incidence of tympanic membrane rupture was higher than that found in previous conflicts. Otological assessment prior to and following military deployment is required to determine the incidence of ear injury amongst British servicemen following blast trauma.
Spatial variability in diet, condition and growth of juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) at sandy beach nursery grounds on the south-west coast of Ireland
Authors: De Raedemaecker F. , Keating J. , Brophy D. , O'Connor I. , Mc Grath D. 
Published: October 2010

Characterization of suitable habitat for settlement of juvenile flatfish is important for the management of nursery areas. Food availability is one important determinant of habitat quality that can affect the condition and growth, and thus survival, of flatfish. Spatial and temporal variation in diet has been widely studied for several species of flatfish. However, levels of intraspecific variation in diet at small spatial scales are relatively unknown, with most studies focusing only on large scale variability. This study investigates how diet, growth and condition of juvenile plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, varies over two spatial scales (10s of kilometres and 100s of metres). Juvenile plaice were collected from three beaches and from three replicate hauls on each beach using a beach seine in September 2007 and 2008. Gut content analyses of 108 juvenile plaice within the size-range of 70–90 mm were carried out. Diet composition in plaice guts differed among beaches and hauls suggesting that food abundance and availability differed at both spatial scales. A significant positive correlation was observed between a morphological condition index and the prey diversity in the gut. This suggests that fish which specialize on a limited number of prey items (perhaps due to a greater abundance of certain prey) may do better than fish which feed on a wide range of prey types. Significant differences in condition were observed between hauls and between beaches, while recent and total otolith growth varied between beaches but not between hauls. The results highlight the importance of considering small scale variation when attempting to link habitat quality to feeding, growth and condition of juvenile flatfish.
Observations on the reproductive biology of three catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae:AsymbolusandFigaro) from the continental shelf of southern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Kyne Peter M. , Courtney Anthony J. , Bennett Michael B. 
Published: October 2010

Three species of Australian endemic catsharks (grey spotted catsharkAsymbolus analis, orange spotted catsharkA. rubiginosusand Australian sawtail sharkFigaro boardmani) were collected from the trawl grounds of a highly seasonal commercial fishery off southern Queensland, Australia. Specimens were collected on the mid to outer continental shelf at depths between 78 and 168 m. This study provides the first information on the reproductive biology of these three poorly-known species. Mature female and maleA. analiswere observed from 455 mm total length (TL), mature femaleA. rubiginosusfrom 410 mm TL, mature maleA. rubiginosusfrom 405 mm TL, mature femaleF. boardmanifrom 402 mm TL and mature maleF. boardmanifrom 398 mm TL (although a lack of immature specimens precluded more accurate assessments of size at maturity). The reproductive mode of all species was confirmed as single oviparous (carrying only one egg case in each uterus at a time). Ovarian fecundity (the number of vitellogenic follicles) ranged from 7–20 inA. analis, 5–23 inA. rubiginosusand 9–13 inF. boardmani. Several indicators suggest thatAsymboluscatsharks off southern Queensland are reproductively active year-round. The proportion of femaleA. rubiginosuscarrying egg cases was highest in spring (60%), intermediate in autumn (50%) and lowest in winter (44%).
Leisure activities and retirement: do structures of inequality change in old age?
Authors: SCHERGER SIMONE , NAZROO JAMES , HIGGS PAUL 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, relationships between old age, retirement and social inequalities, as marked by participation in leisure activities, are examined. Two issues are tackled: first, whether old age and particularly the transition into retirement have an effect on participation in three selected activities; and second, whether the social inequalities underlying these activities change with older age and retirement. The empirical investigation uses data from the first two waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), which included variables on having a hobby, being a member of a club, and an index of participation in cultural events (cinema, theatre/opera/classical music performances, museums and galleries). The different socio-economic backgrounds of different age groups explain a considerable part of the observed age differences in these activities. Longitudinal analyses show that respondents tended to continue their activities regardless of changes in work and age, with two exceptions, namely that retirement was positively related to having a hobby, and those who stopped working because of an illness experienced a significant decline in all three of the examined categories of activity. The pattern of continuity also applied to socio-economic differences in patterns of participation in leisure activities. Some indications of slightly growing inequalities with age require further investigation.
Robust Estimation of Regression Models with Dependent Regressors: The Functional Least Squares Approach
Authors: Welsh A. H. , Nicholls D. F. 
Published: October 2010

In the case of regression models, one robust estimation procedure which has recently emerged is that of functional least squares. The procedure is based on the use of characteristic functions for which the tail behavior is relected by the behavior of these functions at the origin. Its attraction is that it is applicable to situations where the distribution of the disturbances may be long-tailed and/or asymmetric.This paper extends this theory to include a large class of regression models of importance in econometrics. Indeed the regression models considered here include lagged dependent variables and deterministic exogenous variables.
Mirror-Image and Invariant Distributions in ARMA Models
Authors: Cryer Jonathan D. , Nankervis John C. , Savin N.E. 
Published: October 2010

The finite sample distributions of estimators and test statistics in ARMA time series models are generally unknown. For typical sample sizes, the approximations provided by asymptotic distributions are often unsatisfactory. Hence simulation or numerical integration methods are used to investigate the distributions. In practice only a limited part of the parameter space is examined using these methods. Thus any results which allow us to infer properties from one portion of the parameter space to another or to establish symmetry are most welcome.For the ARMA model estimated with no intercept term, we show that the least-squares and maximum likelihood estimators have mirror-image invariant or symmetric distributions. The F, t, likelihood ratio, Wald, and Lagrange multiplier statistics are also shown to have distributions with certain mirror-image invariant or symmetry properties. The analysis is extended to misspecified models as well as to ARMA spectral densities.These properties would have been helpful in either simplifying or extending much earlier work in this area.
Spatial clustering of TB-infected cattle herds prior to and following proactive badger removal
Authors: KELLY G. E. , MORE S. J. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYBovine tuberculosis (TB) is primarily a disease of cattle. In both Ireland and the UK, badgers (Meles meles) are an important wildlife reservoir of infection. This paper examined the hypothesis that TB is spatially correlated in cattle herds, established the range of correlation and the effect, if any, of proactive badger removal on this. We also re-analysed data from the Four Area Project in Ireland, a large-scale intervention study aimed at assessing the effect of proactive badger culling on bovine TB incidence in cattle herds, taking possible spatial correlation into account. We established that infected herds are spatially correlated (the scale of spatial correlation is presented), but at a scale that varies with time and in different areas. Spatial correlation persists following proactive badger removal.
Salmonella enterica serovar Agona European outbreak associated with a food company
Authors: NICOLAY N. , THORNTON L. , COTTER S. , GARVEY P. , BANNON O. , McKEOWN P. , CORMICAN M. , FISHER I. , LITTLE C. , BOXALL N. , DE PINNA E. , PETERS T. M. , COWDEN J. , SALMON R. , MASON B. , IRVINE N. , ROONEY P. , O'FLANAGAN D. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYWe investigated an international outbreak of Salmonella Agona with a distinct PFGE pattern associated with an Irish Food company (company X) producing pre-cooked meat products sold in various food outlet chains in Europe. The outbreak was first detected in Ireland. We undertook national and international case-finding, food traceback and microbiological investigation of human, food and environmental samples. We undertook a matched case-control study on Irish cases. In total, 163 cases in seven European countries were laboratory-confirmed. Consumption of food from food outlet chains supplied by company X was significantly associated with being a confirmed case (mOR 18·3, 95% CI 2·2–149·2) in the case-control study. The outbreak strain was isolated from the company's pre-cooked meat products and production premises. Sufficient evidence was gathered to infer the vehicles of infection and sources of the outbreak and to justify the control measures taken, which were plant closure and food recall.