bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing human-machine pair inspection with risk number and code inspection diagram
Authors: Dai Yujun , Liu Shaoying , Xu Guangquan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoftware inspection is a widely-used approach to software quality assurance. Human-Machine Pair Inspection (HMPI) is a novel software inspection technology proposed in our previous work, which is characterized by machine guiding programmers to inspect their own code during programming. While our previous studies have shown the effectiveness of HMPI in telling risky code fragments to the programmer, little attention has been paid to the issue of how the programmer can be effectively guided to carry out inspections. To address this important problem, in this paper we propose to combine Risk Number with Code Inspection Diagram (CID) to provide accurate guidance for the programmer to efficiently carry out inspections of his/her own programs. By following the Code Inspection Diagram, the programmer will inspect every checking item shown in the CID to efficiently determine whether it actually contain bugs. We describe a case study to evaluate the performance of this method by comparing its inspection time and number of detected errors with our previous work. The result shows that the method is likely to guide the programmer to inspect the faulty code earlier and be more efficient in detecting defects than the previous HMPI established based on Cognitive Complexity.
Modelling Strategies in Sports
Authors: Santos Ricardo Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a model that examines sports teams’ strategic choices about the extent of offense/defense to adopt in competing with other teams. The mathematical formulation adopted permits the derivation of a team’s optimal strategy under different game scenarios (current score and time left to play), and team characteristics (playing at home or away, and each team’s quality). A novel feature of the model is that teams can choose a strategy at several moments in the game, thereby incorporating a comprehensive dynamic element. The National Hockey League is used as an application. Optimal coaching behavior is derived in this setting, and the impact of rule changes is assessed. The study found that removing the overtime period, disproportionally increasing the rewards for a win, or removing the point that is currently awarded to the team that loses the shootout at the end of overtime, would all lead to the adoption of more offensive strategies during the game. That outcome is aligned with higher fan interest and team revenue.
A robust, low-temperature, closed-loop anaerobic system for high-solid mixed farm wastes: advancing agricultural waste management solutions in Canada
Authors: Bele Vaibhavi , Goyette Bernard , An Chunjiang , Achouri Inès Esma , Chaib Oumaima , Rajagopal Rajinikanth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effectiveness of low-temperature (20 ± 1 °C) anaerobic digestion (AD) for two organic multiple farm substrate combinations: Set 1 comprising chicken manure (CM), dairy manure (DM), and waste corn silage (CS) and Set 2 comprising CM, DM, pig manure (PM), and CS. Inoculum adaptation steps were carried out using CM and CM+DM for Set 1 and Set 2, respectively. Over three consecutive operating cycles spanning 245 days with increasing organic loads, 4.3 and 2.8 g VS L−1 d−1 for Sets 1 and 2 during Cycles 1 to 5.1 and 4.6 g VS L−1 d−1for Sets 1 and 2 during Cycle 3, a closed-loop two-stage liquid-solid AD system was employed, with performance assessed via stability ratios of short-chain volatile fatty acids and alkalinity. Results demonstrate that mono-digestion of CM with adapted inoculum yielded the highest biogas production of 424 ± 4 L over 77 days, indicating superior performance by Set 1 during Phase I, whereas a similar performance was observed during Phase 2, where Sets 1 and 2 exhibited highest specific methane yields of 0.233 ± 0.028 and 0.262 ± 0.004 L g−1 VSfed, respectively, over 68 days. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations in digestates revealed a significant decrease compared to initial raw substrate concentrations, highlighting their role as nutrients for microbial growth. This study, the first of its kind, highlights the potential of low-temperature AD systems to manage diverse organic residues/byproducts and offers insights into effective performance monitoring without compromising system integrity.
Advancing surgical VQA with scene graph knowledge
Authors: Yuan Kun , Kattel Manasi , Lavanchy Joël L. , Navab Nassir , Srivastav Vinkle , Padoy Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The modern operating room is becoming increasingly complex, requiring innovative intra-operative support systems. While the focus of surgical data science has largely been on video analysis, integrating surgical computer vision with natural language capabilities is emerging as a necessity. Our work aims to advance visual question answering (VQA) in the surgical context with scene graph knowledge, addressing two main challenges in the current surgical VQA systems: removing question–condition bias in the surgical VQA dataset and incorporating scene-aware reasoning in the surgical VQA model design.

Methods
First, we propose a surgical scene graph-based dataset, SSG-VQA, generated by employing segmentation and detection models on publicly available datasets. We build surgical scene graphs using spatial and action information of instruments and anatomies. These graphs are fed into a question engine, generating diverse QA pairs. We then propose SSG-VQA-Net, a novel surgical VQA model incorporating a lightweight Scene-embedded Interaction Module, which integrates geometric scene knowledge in the VQA model design by employing cross-attention between the textual and the scene features.

Results
Our comprehensive analysis shows that our SSG-VQA dataset provides a more complex, diverse, geometrically grounded, unbiased and surgical action-oriented dataset compared to existing surgical VQA datasets and SSG-VQA-Net outperforms existing methods across different question types and complexities. We highlight that the primary limitation in the current surgical VQA systems is the lack of scene knowledge to answer complex queries.

Conclusion
We present a novel surgical VQA dataset and model and show that results can be significantly improved by incorporating geometric scene features in the VQA model design. We point out that the bottleneck of the current surgical visual question–answer model lies in learning the encoded representation rather than decoding the sequence. Our SSG-VQA dataset provides a diagnostic benchmark to test the scene understanding and reasoning capabilities of the model. The source code and the dataset will be made publicly available at: https://github.com/CAMMA-public/SSG-VQA.
Mangelnde Verständlichkeit durch Fachsprache in Gesundheitsinformationen zu chronischen Erkrankungen – eine qualitative Korpusanalyse
Authors: Kröger Janina , Maaß Christiane 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Digitale Gesundheitsinformationen vermitteln fachliches Wissen über gesundheitsrelevante Themen an fachliche Lai:innen und unterstützen bspw. eine informierte Entscheidung. Funktionale Gesundheitsinformationen müssen verständlich, verknüpfungsfähig und handlungsorientierend sein. Gesundheitsinformationen weisen oft eine geringe Verständlichkeit auf, was ihre Nutzung erschwert. Bisherige Forschungsergebnisse fokussieren die messbare Verständlichkeit anhand von Lesbarkeitsindices. Der vorliegende Beitrag erweitert die Verständlichkeitsprüfung um weitere verdeckte Einflussfaktoren.

Methodik
Die Verständlichkeit von fünf digitalen Gesundheitsinformationen wurde softwaregestützt und manuell analysiert. Die Texte stammen aus dem Online-Gesundheitsportal der Apotheken Umschau. Sie informieren über chronische Erkrankungen und richten sich an medizinische Lai:innen. Es handelt sich um eine textseitige Verständlichkeitsanalyse, die Eigenschaften wie die Wort- und Satzlänge, Fachterminologie und Nominalstil berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus wird explorativ der Umgang mit Fachwörtern analysiert, um daraus verdeckte Einflussfaktoren auf die Verständlichkeit zu ermitteln.

Ergebnisse
Der Hohenheimer Verständlichkeitsindex (HIX) weist auf eine mittlere bis geringe Verständlichkeit der Texte hin. Obwohl sie sich an fachliche Lai:innen richten, haben sie eine hohe Fachlichkeit, erkennbar an nominalen Strukturen, einer hohen Anzahl von Fachtermini sowie einer komplexen syntaktischen Struktur. Der Umgang mit Fachtermini setzt Fachwissen bei den Nutzer:innen voraus. Daraus resultiert eine geringe Verständlichkeit der Texte, was das Risiko erhöht, dass sie insbesondere von Nutzer:innen mit geringer Gesundheitskompetenz nicht verstanden und in Folge nicht angewendet werden können.

Schlussfolgerung
Gesundheitsinformationen müssen, damit sie von den Nutzer:innen verstanden werden können, verständlich sein. Texteigenschaften wie der Einsatz von Fachsprache und die Bezugnahme auf vorausgesetztes Wissen verringern die Verständlichkeit. Produzent:innen von Gesundheitsinformationen sollten Texte an die Sprach- und Wissensvoraussetzungen der Nutzer:innen anpassen, z. B. durch Übersetzungen in Einfache Sprache.
Förderung bewegungsbezogener Gesundheitskompetenz am Arbeitsplatz – qualitative Evaluation eines Pilotprogramms
Authors: Oppermann Leonard , Posselt Jacqueline , Seidel Gabriele , Dierks Marie-Luise 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Körperliche Aktivität kann einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Prävention chronischer Erkrankungen leisten. Büroangestellte bewegen sich jedoch häufig zu wenig. Deshalb wurde ein digitales Bewegungsprogramm für diese Zielgruppe entwickelt, das sich direkt am Schreibtisch durchführen lässt. Es enthält wöchentliche Videoübungen, die durch wissensbasierte Aspekte und motivationsfördernde Informationen auf Basis des Modells der bewegungsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz ergänzt wurden. Begleitend wurden die Teilnahmemotivation am Bewegungsprogramm und potenzielle Barrieren aus der Perspektive der Nutzenden erhoben mit dem Ziel, das Programm zu evaluieren und anhand der Ergebnisse anzupassen.

Studiendesign und Untersuchungsmethoden
Auf Basis von leitfadengestützten Interviews wurden 11 Personen aus der Interventionsgruppe (5 Abbrecher*innen und 6, die die Studie abgeschlossen haben; Altersdurchschnitt: 49 ± 8 Jahre) zu ihrer Wahrnehmung des Bewegungsprogramms befragt. Der Leitfaden beinhaltete Fragen zur Bewegung im (Arbeits)alltag, dem Ablauf und der Bewertung des Bewegungsprogramms. Die Auswertung erfolgte anhand der strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz.

Ergebnisse
Die Befragten bewerten das Bewegungsprogramm, insbesondere die kurzen Videos, die jeweils eine Übung und Erklärungen dazu beinhalten, mehrheitlich positiv. Ein förderlicher Faktor zur Teilnahme am Bewegungsprogramm war dessen Design. Zu Barrieren für die Teilnahme zählen das Arbeitsumfeld, insbesondere die Bürosituation, potenzielle Reaktionen von Kolleg*innen, oder wahrgenommene Einstellungen der Vorgesetzten. Zum Abbruch der Teilnahme führten persönliche oder arbeitsbezogene Gründe wie Mehrarbeit oder ein eigenes Trainingsprogramm. Von den Teilnehmenden beschriebene Effekte des Programms beinhalten ein höheres Bewusstsein darüber, dass Bewegung wichtig ist, ebenso wie die Adaption von einzelnen passenden Übungen im eigenen Alltag.

Schlussfolgerung
Aus Sicht der Teilnehmenden besteht ein Bedarf nach mehr Bewegung am Arbeitsplatz. Damit die Implementierung gelingt, braucht es aber Unterstützung von den Organisationen (z. B. Unternehmen) und Kolleg*innen sowie Möglichkeiten, das Programm auf die eigene Arbeitssituation abzustimmen.
On the added value of considering effects of generic and subject-specific instructional quality on students’ achievements – an exploratory study on the example of implementing formative assessment in mathematics education
Authors: Besser Michael , Hagena Maike , Kleickmann Thilo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFormative Assessment (FA) is a promising teaching practice for supporting students’ learning at school. However, implementing FA into teaching (mathematics) is challenging, effects of implementation of FA vary between empirical studies. Therefore, recent studies additionally consider instructional quality of teaching when analyzing effects of FA on students’ learning. The current exploratory study builds on this idea and highlights the added value of considering both generic and subject-specific instructional quality (GIQ and SSIQ) when analyzing effects of FA: Based on a re-analyzation of data from the research project Co2CA, 856 students from 39 mathematics classes of German middle schools took part in an intervention control-study aiming at implementing FA into mathematics education at school. On the student level, students’ mathematics achievement is assessed by standardized tests before and after the intervention. During the intervention, on the class level GIQ and SSIQ are assessed by low- and high-inference ratings of 72 video-taped lessons. GIQ is based on the model of Three Basic Dimensions, SSIQ is based on the normative idea that mathematics teaching should offer opportunities for a deep understanding of subject matter and for building up competencies. Multi-level regression analyses highlight different (interaction) effects of GIQ and SIQ on students’ performances. It becomes obvious: Considering GIQ and SIQ can have an added value for the better understanding of implementing FA into teaching (in mathematics education).
The Role of Stigma and Confidentiality in Police Officer Utilization of Stress Relief Programs
Authors: Whittington Michael , Basham Sherah L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolice officers face challenges from operational and organizational stressors. Officers often have access to stress relief programs offered by their employers, such as peer support programs, employee assistance programs, or chaplaincy programs. Using survey data from 247 police officers in a large metropolitan agency in CA, this exploratory study examines police officers’ likelihood to utilize stress relief programs (SRPs) based on prior utilization, perceived stigma, and confidentiality of the process. Additionally, officer selection of program is assessed. Findings illustrate that officer utilization of SRPs is negatively influenced by perceived coworker stigma, while supervisor stigma was not influential. Belief in the confidentiality of the program and prior utilization of an SRP is positively associated with SRP utilization. In terms of selecting a specific SRP, only prior utilization was found to be a factor. Suggestions for department policy to promote utilization and confidentiality and reduce stigma are discussed.
Morphine-Driven m6A Epitranscriptomic Neuroadaptations in Primary Cortical Cultures
Authors: Dabrowski Konrad R. , Daws Stephanie E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOpioid overdose is the leading cause of accidental death in the United States and remains a major public health concern, despite significant resources aimed at combating opioid misuse. Neurobiological research to elucidate molecular and cellular consequences of opioid exposure is required to define avenues to explore for reversal of opioid-induced neuroadaptations. Opioids impart well-documented regulation of the transcriptome and epigenetic modifications in the brain, but opioid-induced epitranscriptomic posttranscriptional regulation of RNA is vastly understudied. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is significantly enriched in the brain and involved in learning, memory, and reward. m6A modifications have not been studied in opioid use disorder, despite being the most common RNA modification. We detected significant regulation of m6A-modifying enzymes in rat primary cortical cultures following morphine treatment, including AlkB Homolog 5 (Alkbh5). The m6a demethylase ALKBH5 functions as an m6A eraser, removing m6A modifications from mRNA. We hypothesized that chronic opioid treatment regulates m6A modifications through modulation of Alkbh5 and profiled m6A modifications in primary cortical cultures following chronic morphine treatment and Alkbh5 knock-down. We observed differential regulation of m6A modifications for a common set of transcripts following morphine or Alkbh5 knock-down, and the two treatments elicited concordant m6A epitranscriptomic profiles, suggesting that a subset of morphine-driven m6A modifications may be mediated through downregulation of Alkbh5 in cortical cultures. Gene Ontology terms of commonly regulated transcripts included serotonin secretion, synapse disassembly, neuron remodeling, and immune response. Thus, we conclude that morphine can drive epitranscriptomic changes, a subset of which may occur in an Alkbh5-dependent manner.
50-year Deprivation Trajectories: Local Area Change in England and Wales, 1971–2021
Authors: Norman Paul , Lloyd Chris , McLennan David , Ferguson Sara , Catney Gemma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince 1971, the decennial censuses of England and Wales have underpinned the construction of various local level deprivation measures. Many policy-related and academic studies have used deprivation scores calculated cross-sectionally to identify geographical areas in need of regeneration and to explain spatial variations in health outcomes. However, such an approach masks the sometimes very distinct challenges faced in areas with different deprivation histories. There is, therefore, a need to consider the deprivation trajectories of areas over a long time run. This can then enable, for example: monitoring the effects of industry closure; assessing the impacts of area-based planning initiatives; and determining whether a change in the level of deprivation leads to changes in health outcomes. It can also be used to consider what interventions may be linked with positive changes and which could then possibly be implemented elsewhere. Here we extend previous work to cover a 50-year period using input variables relating to employment, housing, and car accessibility, from the six censuses from 1971 to 2021. We identify areas of persistent (dis-)advantage, those areas which have improved their deprivation situation, and those places where the situation has worsened. We cross-classify the changing deprivation measurements with the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Supergroups area classification to thereby determine how different types of area are faring. On average, areas are less deprived in 2021 than in 1971. However, the trajectories of the input variables and of overall deprivation are not linear. The earlier decades are distinctive in rapid falls in non-home ownership and lack of car access but rises and falls in unemployment. The more recent decades have seen rises in non-home ownership and household overcrowding. Geographically, there has been a shift from a widespread level of deprivation, including in more rural areas in 1971, to being more concentrated in urban areas in the 21st Century.
Study of late toxicity biomarkers of locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy plus cisplatin or cetuximab points to the relevance of skin macrophages (TOX-TTCC-2015-01)
Authors: Rullan Antonio , Marín-Jiménez Juan A. , Lozano Alicia , Bermejo Oriol , Arribas Lorena , Ruiz Nuria , Linares Isabel , Taberna Miren , Pérez Xavi , Plana María , Oliva Marc , Mesía Ricard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant cisplatin (CRT) or cetuximab (ERT) are accepted treatment options for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN). Long-term adverse events (AEs) have a vast impact on patients’ quality of life. This study explored tissue biomarkers which could help predict late toxicity.

Methods/patients
Single-institution prospective study including patients aged ≥ 18 with histologically confirmed newly diagnosed LA-SCCHN treated with RT and either concomitant cisplatin q3w or weekly cetuximab, according to institutional protocols. All patients underwent pre- and post-treatment skin biopsies of neck regions included in the clinical target volume. Angiogenesis, macrophages, and extracellular matrix (ECM) markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results
From April 15, 2016, to December 11, 2017; 31 patients were evaluated [CRT = 12 (38.7%) and ERT = 19 (61.3%)]. 27 patients (87%) had received induction chemotherapy. All patients finished RT as planned. IHC expression of vasculature (CD34) and collagen (Masson’s Trichrome) did not differ significantly between and within CRT and ERT arms. Conversely, an increased CD68 and CD163 macrophage infiltration expression was observed after treatment, without significant impact of treatment modality. Patients with higher late toxicity showed lower expression of macrophage markers in pre-treatment samples compared with those with lower late toxicity, with statistically significant differences for CD68.

Conclusions
Angiogenesis and ECM biomarkers did not differ significantly between CRT and ERT. Macrophage markers increased after both treatments and deserve further investigation as predictors of late toxicity in LA-SCCHN patients. [Protocol code: TOX-TTCC-2015-01/Spanish registry of clinical studies (REec): 2015-003012-21/Date of registration: 27/01/2016].
The Role of Wild Plants in Cultural Restoration: Community Collaboration and Engaged Ethnobotany in the Nineveh Plains, Northern Iraq
Authors: Osterhoudt Sarah , Eddens Katherine S. , Abdulkhaliq Zubeida S. , Armia Remonda Eshaya , Mahdi Honar Safar , Mahmood Ahmed , Muhamed Hassan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Nineveh Plain region of Northern Iraq is a site of ecological and cultural diversity. Between 2014 and 2017, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), also known as Daesh, severely disrupted the region, resulting in community displacement, particularly for members of ethnic minority groups. This article highlights an ongoing multinational, multidisciplinary collaboration between botanists, ecologists, mental and public health specialists, sociologists, and anthropologists to foster cultural and ecological restoration among the Christian, Yezidi, Shabak, Turkman, and Kaka’i minority groups of the Plains. Members of these groups identified wild plant collection as an important cultural and economic practice and expressed a shared concern over the decreased access to wild plant resources. Researchers are partnering with local communities using engaged, decolonial methodologies to bring communities together around this shared interest in wild plants. Project activities include producing videos highlighting local plant knowledge, hosting workshops on using wild plants for art and textile design, offering trainings on herbal medicine, collecting recipes for a wild plant cookbook, and increasing awareness of the sustainable use of wild plants. Through collaborative knowledge production, this partnership aims to bring diverse stakeholders together around an interest in wild plants to promote cultural understanding and exchange.