bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical comparison of echocardiographic measurements used for optimizing cardiac resynchronization therapy: stroke distance is best
Authors: Thomas Dewi E. , Yousef Zaheer R. , Fraser Alan G. 
Published: June 2009

AimsDyssynchrony assessment in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is controversial, and there are no standard protocols for optimizing treatment. We studied the feasibility and reproducibility of several echocardiographic measures to optimize CRT pacemaker settings. We also assessed the utility of ‘stroke distance’ [left ventricular outflow tract velocity–time integral (LVOT VTI)] in performing this function.Methods and resultsThirty patients underwent the following functional assessments; 6 min walk test distance, peak VO2 consumption on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (VO2 peak), quality‐of‐life scoring, and echocardiography; before and at 3 and 6 months after implantation of the CRT device. At 3 months, patients received LVOT VTI‐guided optimization of interventricular (VV) and atrioventricular (AV) delays. The feasibility and reproducibility of each optimization measurement was statistically analysed, and the functional benefits of optimization examined. Left ventricular outflow tract VTI, interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD), and tissue Doppler lateral‐septal delay showed good feasibility (>90%), whereas LVOT VTI, IVMD, and the 12‐segment tissue Doppler dyssynchrony index showed good reproducibility (coefficient of variation <20%). The most feasible and reproducible measure was LVOT VTI. Our optimization protocol necessitated alteration of AV and/or VV delays in 60% of patients at 3 months and was associated with a 50% improvement in functional responder status between 3 and 6 months.ConclusionLeft ventricular outflow tract VTI provides us with a single, direct measure of global LV function which is robust, and easily applicable in routine clinical practice, and which is effective at improving response to CRT.
Les Démêlés de Merleau-Ponty avec Freud: des pulsions à une psychanalyse de la Nature
Authors: Beaulieu Alain 
Published: June 2009

Résumé
Avec la phénoménologie, la psychanalyse constitue l'autre point d'entrée dans l'œuvre de Maurice Merleau-Ponty qui demeure sans doute le seul philosophe français d'importance à avoir entretenu un dialogue ininterrompu avec la pensée freudienne. Merleau-Ponty n'adopte pas la perspective clinicienne et son point de vue sur la psychanalyse n'est pas toujours orthodoxe. C'est une lecture tantôt critique, tantôt intempestive, de la démarche freudienne à laquelle il nous convie. Le nouveau défi consiste à soutenir que la phénoménologie husserlienne et la psychanalyse freudienne n'entretiennent qu'un minimum de contradictions, et à la limite qu'elles abordent les mêmes domaines d'étude à travers une problématisation incessante de la conscience. Nous verrons comment le lexique merleau-pontien se développe au contact de la psychanalyse (pulsion, ambiguïté, chiasma, investissement, culture–nature, etc.) et comment aussi la psychanalyse permet à Merleau-Ponty de faire avancer ses thèses phénoménologiques (monde, autrui, corps propre, perception, chair, etc.). Pour ce faire, nous analyserons la percée des années 1940 (distinction entre pulsions et instincts), ainsi que les recherches des années d'enseignement à la Sorbonne (psychologie de l'enfant) et au Collège de France (psychanalyse de la nature).
How to Begin a Novel: Proust's
A la recherche du temps perdu
and the Author–Reader Relation
Authors: Dow Suzanne 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

This article offers a reconsideration, from a Lacanian psychoanalytic perspective, of the opening to Proust's
A la recherche du temps perdu
. The discussion reopens the debate on the founding status of the madeleine scene for the novel as a whole with reference to the narrator's own promotion thereof and critical accounts offered by Beckett, Genette, Landy and Doubrovsky. While these critics have tended to identify a single founding cause to the narrative that is discovered in this scene, this article finds in Proust's circuitous path to the start of his
Recherche
an inscription of the Lacanian account of subject-formation given in the eleventh seminar via the twin processes of alienation and separation. This account of the coming to desire, furthermore, is identified as consonant with Roland Barthes's presentation of the author–reader relation in
Le Plaisir du texte
as a ‘dialectique du désir’. What Proust thus discovers in the madeleine scene, it is argued here, is desiring subjectivity itself as condition of possibility of narrative, furnishing simultaneously a narrating subject of the unconscious susceptible to involuntary memory, the economic means for that narration to proceed (metonymy) and, at the metatextual level, the mode of appeal identified by Barthes as proper to the author–reader relation itself.
How community ecology links natural mortality, growth, and production of fish populations
Authors: Andersen K. H. , Farnsworth K. D. , Pedersen M. , Gislason H. , Beyer J. E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAndersen, K. H., Farnsworth, K. D., Pedersen, M., Gislason, H., and Beyer, J. E. 2009. How community ecology links natural mortality, growth, and production of fish populations. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1978–1984. Size-spectrum theory is used to show that (i) predation mortality is a decreasing function of individual size and proportional to the consumption rate of predators; (ii) adult natural mortality M is proportional to the von Bertalanffy growth constant K; and (iii) productivity rate P/B is proportional to the asymptotic weight W∞−1/3. The constants of proportionality are specified using individual level parameters related to physiology or prey encounter. The derivations demonstrate how traditional fisheries theory can be connected to community ecology. Implications for the use of models for ecosystem-based fisheries management are discussed.
Seabed mapping for selecting cold-water coral protection areas on Hatton Bank, Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Durán Muñoz P. , Sayago-Gil M. , Cristobo J. , Parra S. , Serrano A. , Díaz del Rio V. , Patrocinio T. , Sacau M. , Murillo F. J. , Palomino D. , Fernández-Salas L. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDurán Muñoz, P., Sayago-Gil, M., Cristobo, J., Parra, S., Serrano, A., Díaz del Rio, V., Patrocinio, T., Sacau, M., Murillo, F. J., Palomino, D., and Fernández-Salas, L. M. 2009. Seabed mapping for selecting cold-water coral protection areas on Hatton Bank, Northeast Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2013–2025. Research into vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) on the high seas and the impacts of bottom fishing and ad hoc management measures are high priority today thanks to UN General Assembly Resolution 61/105. An interdisciplinary methodology (specifically designed for selecting cold-water coral protection areas) and a case study focused on the Hatton Bank (NE Atlantic) are presented. This interdisciplinary approach, developed under the ECOVUL/ARPA project, was based on conventional fisheries science, geomorphology, benthic ecology, and sedimentology. It contributes to defining practical criteria for identifying VMEs, to improving knowledge of their distribution off Europe's continental shelf, and to providing advice on negative fishing impacts and habitat protection. The approach was used to identify the bottom-trawl deep-sea fishery footprint on the western slope of Hatton Bank, to map the main fishing grounds and related deep-sea habitats (1000–1500 m deep), and to study the interactions between fisheries and cold-water corals. The results lead to a proposal to close the outcrop area (4645 km2) located on the western slope of Hatton Bank as a conservation measure for cold-water corals.
A critical review of Pacific salmon marine research relating to climate
Authors: Chittenden Cedar M. , Beamish Richard J. , McKinley R. Scott 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChittenden, C. M., Beamish, R. J., and McKinley, R. S. 2009. A critical review of Pacific salmon marine research relating to climate. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2195–2204. Several studies in the North Pacific Ocean have documented the consequences of rising sea surface temperatures and the advancement of the spring freshet on ocean productivity. The altering of ocean productivity has also been correlated with changes in the marine survival and geographic occurrence of some Pacific salmon populations. Knowledge of the marine survival and position of salmon in the Pacific Ocean are derived typically from mark-recapture studies. As a result, the migratory behaviour and associated survival estimates of salmon in real time are not known. Major information gaps also exist in terms of stock-specific marine behaviour and survival—especially as they relate to recent changes in climate. Acoustic telemetry and other modern tools enable researchers to answer specific questions about environmental, physiological, and genetic effects on individual salmon survival and behaviour, which had not been possible previously. As climate trends increasingly exceed those found in historical records, there is an urgent need for information that will improve fishery management and conservation decisions. International, multidisciplinary research teams using modern technologies could accomplish this.
Biased stock assessment when using multiple, hardly overlapping, tuning series if fishing trends vary spatially
Authors: Kraak Sarah B. M. , Daan Niels , Pastoors Martin A. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Kraak, S. B. M., Daan, N., and Pastoors, M. A. 2009. Biased stock assessment when using multiple, hardly overlapping, tuning series if fishing trends vary spatially. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2272–2277. Fishing-effort distributions are subject to change, for autonomous reasons and in response to management regulations. Ignoring such changes in a stock-assessment procedure may lead to a biased perception. We simulated a stock distributed over two regions with inter-regional migration and different trends in exploitation and tested the performance of extended survivors analysis (XSA) and a statistical catch-at-age model in terms of bias, when spatially restricted tuning series were applied. If we used a single tuning index that covered only the more heavily fished region, estimates of fishing mortality and spawning-stock biomass were seriously biased. If two tuning series each exclusively covering one region were used (without overlap but together covering the whole area), estimates were also biased. Surprisingly, a moderate degree of overlap of spatial coverage of the two tuning indices was sufficient to reduce bias of the XSA assessment substantially. However, performance was best when one tuning series covered the entire stock area.
Lutein Accumulation in the Absence of Zeaxanthin Restores Nonphotochemical Quenching in the Arabidopsis thaliana npq1 Mutant
Authors: Li Zhirong , Ahn Tae Kyu , Avenson Thomas J. , Ballottari Matteo , Cruz Jeffrey A. , Kramer David M. , Bassi Roberto , Fleming Graham R. , Keasling Jay D. , Niyogi Krishna K. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Plants protect themselves from excess absorbed light energy through thermal dissipation, which is measured as nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). The major component of NPQ, qE, is induced by high transthylakoid ΔpH in excess light and depends on the xanthophyll cycle, in which violaxanthin and antheraxanthin are deepoxidized to form zeaxanthin. To investigate the xanthophyll dependence of qE, we identified suppressor of zeaxanthin-less1 (szl1) as a suppressor of the Arabidopsis thaliana npq1 mutant, which lacks zeaxanthin. szl1 npq1 plants have a partially restored qE but lack zeaxanthin and have low levels of violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and neoxanthin. However, they accumulate more lutein and α-carotene than the wild type. szl1 contains a point mutation in the lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) gene. Based on the pigment analysis, LCYB appears to be the major lycopene β-cyclase and is not involved in neoxanthin synthesis. The Lhcb4 (CP29) and Lhcb5 (CP26) protein levels are reduced by 50% in szl1 npq1 relative to the wild type, whereas other Lhcb proteins are present at wild-type levels. Analysis of carotenoid radical cation formation and leaf absorbance changes strongly suggest that the higher amount of lutein substitutes for zeaxanthin in qE, implying a direct role in qE, as well as a mechanism that is weakly sensitive to carotenoid structural properties.
Tumor suppressor function of BCSC‐1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Y. Q. , Chen S. L. , Ju J. Y. , Shen L. , Liu Y. , Zhen S. , Lv N. , He Z. G. , Zhu L. P. 
Published: June 2009

BCSC‐1 is dramatically upregulated in CNE‐2L2 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with reduced malignancy (AS cells) and is proposed to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene. We therefore examined the effect of BCSC‐1 expression on malignant behaviors of CNE‐2L2 cells. Growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in nude mice of wild‐type CNE‐2L2 cells (W cells) were inhibited by ectopic BCSC‐1, and those of AS cells were promoted by BCSC‐1 suppression. The tumor suppressor function of BCSC‐1 was further confirmed by a study showing that intratumor BCSC‐1 injection caused growth suppression of the tumor from W cells inoculated in nude mice. Immunohistochemistry exhibited marked reduction of BCSC‐1 expression in 11 of 39 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma specimens. Because BCSC‐1 expression was as rich as that in normal cells in the rest of the carcinoma specimens and was poor in CNE‐2L2 cells, HNE‐1 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with rich BCSC‐1 expression were used as a control in the study. No effect of BCSC‐1 transfection on growth of the cells was observed. The data suggest that BCSC‐1 suppression might play roles in tumorigenesis of some nasopharyngeal carcinomas and that BCSC‐1 might be a potential gene therapy target in nasopharyngeal carcinomas with poor BCSC‐1 expression. Enhanced aggregation of cells together with increased E‐cadherin and α‐catenin expression and reduced Wnt signaling might be involved in the mechanisms of tumor suppressor function of BCSC‐1. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1817–1822)
In vivo effects of mesalazine or E. coli Nissle 1917 on microsatellite instability in ulcerative colitis
Authors: GOEL A. , MITTAL A. , EVSTATIEV R. , NEMETH M. , KRUIS W. , STOLTE M. , BOLAND C. R. , GASCHE C. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryBackground  Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in chronically inflamed colorectal tissue and may evolve to colitis‐associated cancer. In vitro data suggest that mesalazine (5‐ASA) improves MSI.Aim  To analyse the changes in MSI in 156 distal colonic biopsies of 39 patients with ulcerative colitis that had been treated within a randomized, double‐blind trial comparing 5‐ASA with E. coli Nissle (EcN).Methods  Two biopsies had been collected before and after 1 year of treatment. MSI testing was performed using a panel of eight markers, including 3 dinucleotide and 5 mononucleotide repeats.Results  No MSI was observed with any of the mono‐repeats, and among dinucleotide repeats, only D5S346 (maps to APC) and D17S250 (p53) were consistently informative. Overall, 31/156 (20%) biopsies displayed MSI. After 1 year, 3/11 patients displayed MSI improvement [change to microsatellite stability (MSS); 1 on 5‐ASA, 2 on EcN] at D5S346 and 4/11 showed MSI worsening (change from MSS to MSI; all 5‐ASA). For D17S250, the corresponding data were for 3/9 patients (2 on 5‐ASA, 1 on EcN) and 2/9 (both on 5‐ASA), respectively.Conclusions  In the set of biopsies taken from patients treated with 1.5 g 5‐ASA for 1 year, there was no improvement in the prevalence of MSI in the distal colon.
Population‐based studies of antithyroid drugs and sudden cardiac death
Authors: Van Noord Charlotte , Sturkenboom Miriam C. J. M. , Straus Sabine M. J. M. , Hofman Albert , Witteman Jacqueline C. M. , Stricker Bruno H. Ch. 
Published: June 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Thyroid hormone free T4 is associated with QTc‐interval prolongation, which is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death.• The association between hyperthyroidism and ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death has been reported in several case reports. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • We investigated in a prospective population‐based cohort study and in a case–control study whether use of antithyroid drugs (as a direct cause or as an indicator of poorly controlled hyperthyroidism) is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.• Use of antithyroid drugs was associated with a threefold increased risk of sudden cardiac death.• Although this might be due to antithyroid drug use, it could be more readily explained by underlying hyperthyroidism.AIMThyroid free T4 is associated with QTc‐interval prolongation, which is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Hyperthyroidism has been associated with SCD in case reports, but there are no population‐based studies confirming this. The aim was to investigate whether use of antithyroid drugs (as a direct cause or as an indicator of poorly controlled hyperthyroidism) is associated with an increased risk of SCD.METHODSWe studied the occurrence of SCD in a two‐step procedure in two different Dutch populations. First, the prospective population‐based Rotterdam Study including 7898 participants (≥55 years old). Second, we used the Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) database, which is a longitudinal general practice research database to see whether we could replicate results from the first study. Drug use at the index date was assessed with prescription information from automated pharmacies (Rotterdam Study) or drug prescriptions from general practices (IPCI). We used a Cox proportional hazards model in a cohort analysis, adjusted for age, gender and use of QTc prolonging drugs (Rotterdam Study) and conditional logistic regression analysis in a case–control analysis, matched for age, gender, practice and calendar time and adjusted for arrhythmia and cerebrovascular ischaemia (IPCI).RESULTSIn the Rotterdam Study, 375 participants developed SCD during follow‐up. Current use of antithyroid drugs was associated with SCD [adjusted hazard ratio 3.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7, 8.7]. IPCI included 1424 cases with SCD and 14 443 controls. Also in IPCI, current use of antithyroid drugs was associated with SCD (adjusted odds ratio 2.9; 95% CI 1.1, 7.4).CONCLUSIONSUse of antithyroid drugs was associated with a threefold increased risk of SCD. Although this might be directly caused by antithyroid drug use, it might be more readily explained by underlying poorly controlled hyperthyroidism, since treated patients who developed SCD still had low thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels shortly before death.
Systemic chemerin is related to inflammation rather than obesity in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Weigert Johanna , Neumeier Markus , Wanninger Josef , Filarsky Michael , Bauer Sabrina , Wiest Reiner , Farkas Stefan , Scherer Marcus N. , Schäffler Andreas , Aslanidis Charalampos , Schölmerich Jürgen , Buechler Christa 
Published: June 2009

SummaryBackground  The adipokine chemerin modulates the function of innate immune cells and may link obesity and inflammation, and therefore, a possible relation of chemerin to inflammatory proteins in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) was analysed. As visceral fat contributes to systemic inflammation, chemerin was measured in portal venous (PVS), hepatic venous (HVS) and systemic venous (SVS) blood of patients with liver cirrhosis.Patients and methods  Systemic chemerin was determined by ELISA in the serum of normal‐weight, overweight and T2D males, in the serum of T2D patients of both sexes, and in PVS, HVS and SVS of patients with liver cirrhosis.Results  Circulating chemerin was similar in T2D and obese individuals but was significantly elevated in both cohorts compared to normal‐weight individuals. Chemerin positively correlated with leptin, resistin and C‐reactive protein (CRP). In T2D, chemerin was similar in male and female patients and increased in patients with elevated CRP. Chemerin was similar in PVS and SVS, indicating that visceral fat is not a major site of chemerin synthesis. Higher levels of chemerin in HVS demonstrate that chemerin is also released by the liver.Conclusions  Visceral fat is not a major site of chemerin release, and elevated systemic levels of chemerin in obesity and T2D seem to be associated with inflammation rather than body mass index.
The inhibitory effect of resveratrol on leptin secretion from rat adipocytes
Authors: Szkudelska K. , Nogowski L. , Szkudelski T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground  Resveratrol was found to alleviate consequences of some metabolic disturbances which may be due to inappropriate dietary habits. It decreases mortality, increases insulin sensitivity and improves motor functions; these effects are accompanied by reduced plasma leptin and insulin. Leptin plays a significant role in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure – elevated level in blood is one of the reasons of leptin‐resistance and obesity. In this study, the direct effect of resveratrol on leptin secretion from isolated adipocytes was investigated.Material and methods  Isolated rat adipocytes were incubated with resveratrol (62·5, 125 or 250 μM) and its effects on leptin secretion were studied. Cells were incubated with resveratrol in the presence of glucose (5 and 20 mM) and insulin (10 nM); glucose and nicotinic acid (1 mM); glucose and insulin in the presence of an inhibitor of protein kinase A (H‐89, 50 μM) or alanine (10 mM) and insulin. The glucose uptake, glycerol release to the incubation medium, lactate and ATP produced by the cells were also measured.Results  Resveratrol inhibited leptin secretion in all experimental designs in a dose‐dependent manner. The effect was not accompanied by changes in glycerol release and glucose uptake. Adipocyte exposure to resveratrol enhanced the lactate formation. It was found that resveratrol dramatically reduced ATP in adipocytes.Conclusion  The obtained results revealed the direct ability of resveratrol to reduce leptin secretion from isolated rat adipocytes. Resveratrol is therefore a compound affecting the endocrine function of adipocytes.
Phosphorus speciation in temperate basaltic grassland soils by solution31P NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Murphy P. N. C. , Bell A. , Turner B. L. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryPhosphorus (P) speciation in 21 basaltic and four non‐basaltic Irish grassland soils was determined by NaOH–EDTA extraction and31P NMR spectroscopy. Organic P in basaltic soils ranged between 30 and 697 mg P kg−1 and consisted of phosphate monoesters (84–100%), DNA (0–16%) and phosphonates (0–5%). Inorganic P was mainly phosphate (83–100%) with small concentrations of pyrophosphate (0–17%). Phosphate monoesters were more important as a proportion of extracted P in basaltic soils, probably because of their greater oxalate‐extractable Fe and Al contents. Phosphate monoesters appeared to be strongly associated with non‐crystalline Al and increased with total soil P concentration, indicating that they do accumulate in grassland soils. In non‐basaltic soilsmyo‐inositol hexakisphosphate constituted between 20 and 52% of organic P, whilescyllo‐inositol hexakisphosphate constituted between 12 and 17%. These compounds were not quantified separately in basaltic soils because of poor NMR resolution in the phosphate monoester region, but appeared to represent a considerable proportion of the organic P in most samples. DNA concentrations were greater in basaltic soils compared with non‐basaltic soils and were associated with acidic pH and large total C contents. The inability of the Olsen P test to assess effectively the P status of basaltic soils may result from strong phosphate sorption to Fe and Al oxides, inducing plant utilization of soil organic P. Phosphorus nutrient management should account for this to avoid over‐application of P and associated financial and environmental costs.