bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of antibiotics to improve phage detection and enumeration by the double-layer agar technique
Authors: Santos Sílvio B , Carvalho Carla M , Sillankorva Sanna , Nicolau Ana , Ferreira Eugénio C , Azeredo Joana 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe Double-Layer Agar (DLA) technique is extensively used in phage research to enumerate and identify phages and to isolate mutants and new phages. Many phages form large and well-defined plaques that are easily observed so that they can be enumerated when plated by the DLA technique. However, some give rise to small and turbid plaques that are very difficult to detect and count. To overcome these problems, some authors have suggested the use of dyes to improve the contrast between the plaques and the turbid host lawns. It has been reported that some antibiotics stimulate bacteria to produce phages, resulting in an increase in final titer. Thus, antibiotics might contribute to increasing plaque size in solid media.ResultsAntibiotics with different mechanisms of action were tested for their ability to enhance plaque morphology without suppressing phage development. Some antibiotics increased the phage plaque surface by up to 50-fold.ConclusionThis work presents a modification of the DLA technique that can be used routinely in the laboratory, leading to a more accurate enumeration of phages that would be difficult or even impossible otherwise.
An analysis of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and Glutathione S-transferase omega-1 genes as modifiers of the cerebral response to ischemia
Authors: Peddareddygari Leema Reddy , Dutra Ana Virginia , Levenstien Mark A , Sen Souvik , Grewal Raji P 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
Cerebral ischemia involves a series of reactions which ultimately influence the final volume of a brain infarction. We hypothesize that polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in these reactions could act as modifiers of the cerebral response to ischemia and impact the resultant stroke volume. The final volume of a cerebral infarct is important as it correlates with the morbidity and mortality associated with non-lacunar ischemic strokes.

Methods
The proteins encoded by the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO-1) genes are, through oxidative mechanisms, key participants in the cerebral response to ischemia. On the basis of these biological activities, they were selected as candidate genes for further investigation. We analyzed the C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene and the C419A polymorphism in the GSTO-1 gene in 128 patients with non-lacunar ischemic strokes.

Results
We found no significant association of either the MTHFR (p = 0.72) or GSTO-1 (p = 0.58) polymorphisms with cerebral infarct volume.

Conclusion
Our study shows no major gene effect of either the MTHFR or GSTO-1 genes as a modifier of ischemic stroke volume. However, given the relatively small sample size, a minor gene effect is not excluded by this investigation.
Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine on angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer in mice
Authors: Liu Tai-Guo , Huang Ying , Cui Dan-Dan , Huang Xiao-Bing , Mao Shu-Hua , Ji Ling-Ling , Song Hai-Bo , Yi Cheng 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
Ginsenoside Rg3, a saponin extracted from ginseng, inhibits angiogenesis. The combination of low-dose chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic inhibitors suppresses growth of experimental tumors more effectively than conventional therapy or anti-angiogenic agent alone. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose gemcitabine combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on angiogenesis and growth of established Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.

Methods
C57L/6 mice implanted with Lewis lung carcinoma were randomized into the control, ginsenoside Rg3, gemcitabine and combination group. The quality of life and survival of mice were recorded. Tumor volume, inhibitive rate and necrosis rate were estimated. Necrosis of tumor and signals of blood flow as well as dynamic parameters of arterial blood flow in tumors such as peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) were detected by color Doppler ultrasound. In addition, expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 were observed by immunohistochemstry, and microvessel density (MVD) of the tumor tissues was assessed by CD31 immunohistochemical analysis.

Results
Quality of life of mice in the ginsenoside Rg3 and combination group were better than in the control and gemcitabine group. Combined therapy with ginsenoside Rg3 and gemcitabine not only enhanced efficacy on suppression of tumor growth and prolongation of the survival, but also increased necrosis rate of tumor significantly. In addition, the combination treatment could obviously decrease VEGF expression and MVD as well as signals of blood flow and PSV in tumors.

Conclusion
Ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine may significantly inhibit angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer and improve survival and quality of life of tumor-bearing mice. The combination of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs may be an innovative and promising therapeutic strategy in the experimental treatment of human lung cancer.
Systematic inclusion of mandatory interprofessional education in health professions curricula at Gunma University: a report of student self-assessment in a nine-year implementation
Authors: Ogawara Hatsue , Hayashi Tomoko , Asakawa Yasuyoshi , Iwasaki Kiyotaka , Matsuda Tamiko , Abe Yumiko , Tozato Fusae , Makino Takatoshi , Koizumi Misako , Yasukawa Takako , Watanabe Hideomi 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
The mandatory interprofessional education programme at Gunma University was initiated in 1999. This paper is a statistical evaluation of the programme from 1999 to 2007.

Methods
A questionnaire of 10 items to assess the achievement levels of the programme, which was developed independently of other assessment systems published previously, was distributed, as well as two or three open-ended questions to be answered at the end of each annual module. A multivariate analysis of variance model was used, and the factor analysis of the responses was performed with varimax rotation.

Results
Over all, 1418 respondents of a possible 1629 students completed the survey, for a total response rate of 87.1%. Cronbach's alpha of 10 items was 0.793, revealing high internal consistency. Our original questionnaire was categorized into four subscales as follows: "Role and responsibilities", "Teamwork and collaboration", "Structure and function of training facilities", and "Professional identity". Students in the Department of Occupational Therapy reached a relatively lower level of achievement. In the replies to the open-ended questions, requests for the participation of the medical students were repeated throughout the evaluation period.

Conclusion
The present four subscales measure "understanding", and may take into account the development of interprofessional education programmes with clinical training in various facilities. The content and quality of clinical training subjects may be remarkably dependent on training facilities, suggesting the importance of full consultation mechanisms in the local network with the relevant educational institutes for medicine, health care and welfare.
Ectopic localization of FOXO3a protein in Lewy bodies in Lewy body dementia and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Su Bo , Liu Haihua , Wang Xinglong , Chen Shu G , Siedlak Sandra L , Kondo Eisaku , Choi Raymond , Takeda Atsushi , Castellani Rudy J , Perry George , Smith Mark A , Zhu Xiongwei , Lee Hyoung-gon 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites constitute the cardinal neuropathological features of both Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). Whereas α-synuclein has been found to be the major component of the Lewy body, the mechanisms by which neurons degenerate, as well as basic mechanisms involved in the formation of α-synuclein-related inclusions, remain obscure. We have suggested previously that potential mechanisms are likely to leave a "molecular signature" or protein adduct within the Lewy body, and have found examples of such signatures in previous studies. In this study, we demonstrate increased FOXO3 in association with Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in LBD and PD brain tissue. Since FOXO proteins are involved in several pathways responsible for the regulation of cell death, cell proliferation, and cell metabolism, the ectopic localization of FOXO3 to Lewy bodies provides evidence that aberrations in basic cellular biochemistry may contribute to inclusion formation, which is likely more complex than a simple "gain of function" toxicity as is commonly opined. In light of the known interaction of FOXO3 and 14-3-3, basic protein-protein interaction between these proteins and α-synuclein may be key.
A Synthetic Evaluation and Fuzzy Scheduling Model for Autonomous Test Priority
Authors: Zheng Wei , Chen Weimin , Zhu Yong , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
An autonomous test is one of the key technologies in an autonomous system. Based on the multitask mechanism of an embedded real-time operation system, the software environment for an autonomous test is proposed. The influence factors of task importance are also considered in order to form a comprehensive criterion. A synthetic evaluation and fuzzy scheduling model is established, and the evaluating method for clustering effect is provided afterwards. The experiment shows the validity of the model.
Performance Evaluation of Resistance Spot Welded Interstitial Free Steel Under Cryogenic Conditions
Authors: Banerjee Gopa , Pal T. K. , Das Goutam 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Shear tensile (strain rate 102/s) performance of spot welded joints at cryogenic temperatures has been studied considering it as a simple method to indicate the crash resistance performance. The strength of different resistance spot welded joints of interstitial free steel under various heat input conditions has also been evaluated at room temperature for comparison. Micromechanism of fracture of the spot welded joints is investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Although an increase in shear tensile strength with decreasing test temperature is observed in all the spot welds, considerable variations in fracture mode exist in contrast to the room temperature test. The high heat input spot welds remain ductile at all test temperatures, however, low heat input welds become considerably brittle at cryogenic temperatures. Furthermore, medium heat input welds can maintain ductility until 0°C and there is loss of ductility with further lowering of test temperature.
Research on the Key Technology of a Testing System of Piezomagnetic Force Transducer
Authors: Jia Zhenyuan , Lu Xiaohong , Wang Fuji , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Considering the distinct disadvantages, such as complex electric circuit, long debugging period, low testing efficiency, and nonconductivity to the actually promoted application of the traditional permalloy force transducer’s testing system, a new testing system of a permalloy force transducer is proposed according to the characteristics of the output signals. The working principle of the testing system is analyzed. The measuring and controlling section of AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer is studied and the single-chip microcomputer system is discussed from the design and realization of both hardware and software aspects. Economic and practical method is utilized to solve the problem of quantitative research on the piezomagnetic effect of the designed permalloy force transducer. The experimental measurements indicate that the designed testing system is practical and effective. The testing system is of great significance to the quantitative research of the piezomagnetic properties and the repeatability characteristic of piezomagnetic force transducer, which can greatly promote the engineering applications of permalloy piezomagnetic force transducers.
Using Ultrasonic Techniques to Accurately Examine Seal-Surface-Contact Stress in Premium Connections
Authors: Hamilton Kirk , Wagg Brian , Roth Tim 
Published: July 2009

Summary
One of the most important functions of a tubular connection is sealability. This is especially the case for premium connections that are commonly used in the demanding conditions of high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) and thermal-well applications. Sealability, therefore, also is one of the most important criteria used during connection qualification in which the capability of the connection is verified for the characteristics of the application. During qualification tests, it has been found that breakdown in connection sealability can be traced to damage on the primary seal surface, which can eventually develop into a leak path.
Ultrasonic-inspection technology can be used to provide a means to obtain nonintrusive measurements of contact stress between two mating metal surfaces separated by a thin lubricating film. While the technology has a wide scope of potential applications in this respect, the technology has been specifically developed to measure seal-surface-contact stresses inside oilfield tubular premium connections.
This application of ultrasonic technology has been used numerous times during connection-qualification programs to assess the quality of the contact-stress band in premium connections. During these analyses, the technology has been able to detect seal-surface damage in premium connections.
This paper will cover the basic concepts of premium connection design, along with some of the issues that can affect the sealability of premium connections. As well, this paper will include an overview of the use of ultrasonic technology as a technique to assess the contact stress along the metal-to-metal seal band of a premium connection and methods used to monitor changes in the contactstress profile induced by many installation and service loads.
Surge and Drag Analysis for Extended Reach Casing and Casing Flotation Operations With Centralizers: A Design Challenge?
Authors: Samuel G. Robello , Mason Colin J. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Refining advanced technologies for the successful completion of wells is paramount in high-risk, high-cost environments. Challenges are associated with complex well architectures and with the successful completion of wells deploying conventional or floated casing or liner strings. A key part of the design process is to be able to predict both maximum downhole surge pressures and dynamic and static friction effects. The analysis also needs to take into account the impact of using centralizing devices. Understanding these effects during both casing running and reciprocation is important so that appropriate operational decisions can be made. Specific challenges are associated with running liners through casing strings or hole sections with limited annular clearance.
Centralizers are primarily installed on a casing string to provide adequate stand-off for primary cementing operations; however they are also sometimes used to aid in the deployment of casing strings. To achieve adequate stand-off, calculations are performed to determine the number of centralizers, their placement, and spacing frequency. Drag modeling is performed to ensure that the casing string will reach its target depth. This requires predictions of both static and dynamic drag effects that take into account the impact of centralizers and surge pressures on drag. In cases where non-rigid centralizers are used, conventional torque and drag models underestimate frictional drag effects. Similarly it is considered that steady state surge models under-predict maximum surge pressures.
To address these concerns, both improved models and comprehensive analysis are required. This paper describes the analytical models that are used to incorporate additional forces associated with centralizers. Both conventional and floated casing running scenarios, especially in close tolerance extended reach wells, are considered.
Evaluation of the Gas Production Potential of Marine Hydrate Deposits in the Ulleung Basin of the Korean East Sea
Authors: Moridis George J. , Reagan Matthew T. , Kim Se-Joon , Seol Yongkoo , Zhang Keni 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Although significant hydrate deposits are known to exist in the Ulleung basin of the Korean East Sea, their survey and evaluation as a possible energy resource has not yet been completed. However, it is possible to develop preliminary estimates of their production potential based on the limited data that are currently available. These include the elevation and thickness of the hydrate-bearing layer (HBL), the water depth, and the water temperature at the seafloor. On the basis of this information, we developed estimates of the local geothermal gradient that bracket its true value. Reasonable estimates of the initial pressure distribution in the HBL can be obtained because it follows closely the hydrostatic. Other critical information needs include the hydrate saturation, and the intrinsic permeabilities of the system formations. These are treated as variables, and sensitivity analysis provides an estimate of their effect on production.
On the basis of the geology of similar deposits, it is unlikely that Ulleung basin accumulations belong to Class 1 (involving an HBL underlain by a mobile gas zone). If Class 4 (disperse, low-saturation accumulations) deposits are involved, they are not likely to have production potential. The most likely scenarios include Class 2 (HBL underlain by a zone of mobile water) or Class 3 (involving only an HBL) accumulations.
Assuming nearly impermeable confining boundaries, this numerical study indicates that large production rates (several million scf/D) are attainable from both Class 2 and Class 3 deposits using conventional technology. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates the dependence of production on the well design, the production rate, the intrinsic permeability of the HBL, the initial pressure, temperature, and hydrate saturation, as well as on the thickness of the water zone (Class 2). The study also demonstrates that the presence of confining boundaries is indispensable for the commercially viable production of gas from these deposits.
A Novel Technique for Determining Sand Screen Failure
Authors: Navaira G. (Guy) , Hupp M. T. (Marty) , Palisch T. T. (Terry) , Renkes Jason J. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Offshore completions in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) must typically address sand control. Our industry has made significant progress with respect to sand control equipment and implementation. However, all methods of sand control are subject to mechanical failure, with the first indications often being the production of solids into a common separation facility. In many offshore completions, particularly subsea or multizone completions, it is often difficult and expensive to determine which well or specific completion interval has failed, most times requiring production to be shut in for diagnosis. Not until that point can a remedy be evaluated.
One GOM producer engaged the services of a proppant supplier to determine whether or not a suite of proppants/gravel can be developed that uniquely identified and placed in each completion interval. In the event of proppant production to surface (i.e., mechanical failure), the surface samples are analyzed to directly determine which interval failed. The proppant needs to be nonra-dioactive, yet identifiable with standard laboratory techniques.
The supplier subsequently developed a methodology whereby the proppant can be "tagged" with more than 20 unique markers. This paper discusses how the tagging agents are incorporated to become a permanent component of the pellet. The results of laboratory testing are provided, verifying that the taggant does not materially affect the performance of the proppant
In addition, the authors review two applications in which this new product was placed in multizone frac-pack completions in several deepwater GOM completions. The paper also describes basic laboratory techniques used to successfully identify the source of prop-pant found in a surface choke subsequent to the frac. The potential economic savings provided by this novel approach are presented, as well as other potential applications for this new product.
Investigation of Factors for Strengthening a Wellbore by Propping Fractures
Authors: Wang Hong (Max) , Soliman Mohamed Y. , Towler Brian F. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Wellbore strengthening or stress cage implementation has been recognized as an effective means of dealing with lost circulation during drilling operations. One of the mechanisms developed for strengthening a wellbore has been to prop induced and existing fractures with particulate lost circulation materials (LCM) to effectively increase hoop stress in the near wellbore region.
However, a good understanding of this mechanism is necessary in order to avoid a potentially flawed design and implementation process which could adversely affect job success in the field. One of the main issues is fracture stability under the strengthening conditions. This paper will describe those factors which are important in designing wellbore strengthening jobs and address the conditions necessary to help ensure fracture stability, as determined through rock mechanics analysis.
The strengthening of a wellbore by propping fractures has been discussed in a previous investigation (Wang et al. 2007a). In this paper, continuing the previous discussion, various parameters that affect the strengthening of the wellbore are addressed in detail. In-depth discussion of how each of those parameters affects the process of wellbore strengthening is presented. This study was accomplished using a boundary element numerical simulator to facilitate the analyses.
Cognitive functions and clinical features among diabetic patients in Polish population
Authors: Talarowska Monika , Florkowski Antoni , Zboralski Krzysztof , Gałecki Piotr 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which can lead to numerous complications. One of these disturbances is cognitive function impairment. A group of 62 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. There is a correlation between certain clinical features among diabetic patients and cognitive functions. Negative influence on cognitive functions have a higher level of total cholesterol, a higher level of LDL cholesterol, a lower level of HDL cholesterol concentration in the blood, a higher level of glucose after meals, a higher level of basic insulin dose and insulin dose taken just before the examination, longer duration of the diabetes and a lot of hypoglycemic episodes. There is no influence on cognitive functions from glucose levels before meals, the type of the insulin therapy, or the number of hyperglycemic episodes and value rate of hemoglobin HbA1C.
Experimental Study on Performance Characteristics of a Pem Fuelcell
Authors: Ale B. B. , Shrestha S.O. Bade 
Published: July 2009

The performance of a PEM fuel cell was investigated for different operating conditions. The fuel cell was tested for different dew point temperature of humidifier, the stack coolant temperature, and stoichiometric of fuel and air supply conditions. The higher stack coolant temperature, humidity, as well as stoichiometric of reactants produced enhanced performance of the fuel cell as expected. The effect on the cell voltage and efficiency were more pronounced as the current density was increased to medium and high levels. The deteriorating and degradation effect of the performance of the fuel cell was also observed during the test span.Keywords: Pem Fuelcell, NepalJournal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009 July pp. 31-39doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2060