bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors for development of left ventricular hypertrophy in Fabry disease
Authors: Monda Emanuele , Bakalakos Athanasios , Lachmann Robin , Syrris Petros , Limongelli Giuseppe , Murphy Elaine , Hughes Derralynn , Elliott Perry Mark 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the principal cardiac manifestation of Fabry disease (FD). This study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of LVH development in a contemporary cohort of patients with FD and no LVH at baseline evaluation.MethodsConsecutively referred adult (aged ≥16 years) patients with FD were enrolled into an observational cohort study. Patients were prospectively followed in a specialist cardiomyopathy centre and the primary endpoint was the first detection of LVH (left ventricular mass index (LVMi) ≥115 g/m2in men and ≥95 g/m2in women).ResultsFrom a cohort of 393 patients, 214 (aged 35.8±13.8 years; 61 (29%) males) had no LVH at first evaluation. During a median follow-up of 9.4 years (IQR 4.7–12.7), 55 patients (24.6%) developed LVH. The estimated incidence of LVH was 11.3% (95% CI 6.5% to 16.1%) at 5 years, 29.1% (95% CI 21.5% to 36.7%) at 10 years and 45.0% (95% CI 33.8% to 62.4%) at 15 years of follow-up. On multivariable analysis, independent predictors for LVH development were age (HR 1.04 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.06) per 1-year increase, p<0.001), male sex (HR 2.90 (95% CI 1.66 to 5.09), p<0.001) and an abnormal ECG (HR 3.10 (95% CI 1.72 to 5.57), p<0.001). The annual rate of change in LVMi was +2.77 (IQR 1.45–4.62) g/m2/year in males and +1.38 (IQR 0.09–2.85) g/m2/year in females (p<0.001).ConclusionsApproximately one-quarter of patients with FD developed LVH during follow-up. Age, male sex and ECG abnormalities were associated with a higher risk of developing LVH in patients with FD.
‘The book’s a conversation starter’: a realist exploration of the salutogenic potential of reading for pleasure
Authors: Sirisena Mihirini , Lhussier Monique , Kaner Eileen , Wearn Angela , Gray Joanne , James Rebecca , Redgate Sam 
Published: April 2024

Reading for Wellbeing (RfW) is a pilot initiative, aimed at improving mental health and well-being through supporting access and increasing opportunities to read for pleasure. RfW was implemented across six North-East local authorities in England and employed Community Reading Workers to support access to books and reading for targeted populations. The current study used realist methodology to understand context, potential mechanisms of action, acceptability and reported outcomes. Data generation and analysis were conducted iteratively, using focus groups, interviews and observations.
The analysis of the collated data highlighted that a positive attitude towards reading and a desire for social connections were significant motivators for engagement with RfW. This paper postulates eight programme theories relating to that context, which describe key mechanisms within RfW linked to engagement with reading, well-being, connections and practice. The paper concludes that previous notions of positivity associated with reading for pleasure enable participants to experience RfW as a positive social encounter. This positive social encounter enhances participants’ multiple resistance resources such as increased sense of self-efficacy and connectedness that could impact on their sense of well-being.
Changes in haemoglobin and ferritin levels during basic combat training: relevance for attrition and injury frequency
Authors: Taube Fabian , Larsson I , Navren M , Ekblom Ö 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe primary aim of the present study was to assess interindividual and intraindividual variations in haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in Swedish recruits over 5 months of basic combat training (BCT). The secondary aim was to find predictors for missing training (a precursor for attrition) and overuse injuries during BCT.MethodsIn a cohort design, a total of 58 female and 104 male recruits provided complete data. We assessed the ferritin concentrations and haemoglobin concentrations at baseline and after 5 months of BCT and physical work capacity at baseline.ResultsDuring BCT, haemoglobin concentrations increased significantly in both females and males. Ferritin concentrations decreased significantly in both sexes and the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) (ie, ferritin levels <30 µg/L) increased significantly in females. The physical work capacity at baseline was related to the risk of missing training in fully adjusted models. In gender-adjusted analyses, baseline ferritin was related to the risk of overuse injury, but neither baseline nor change in iron status was related to injuries or risk of missing training when controlling for confounders. Body mass increased significantly in both genders, but we found no correlation between individual change in body mass and change in haemoglobin or ferritin nor was change in body mass related to the risk of overuse injury or missing training.ConclusionIn the present study, the prevalence of ID increased over the course of 5 months, while haemoglobin concentrations increased. As baseline physical work capacity was related to missing training, there are reasons to support preparatory physical training before BCT. These findings may inform future preventive interventions aimed at preventing detrimental effects of ID.
Thyroid disease in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a clinical and epidemiological study
Authors: Wilding Anna , Smith Rona , Jayne David , Segelmark Mårten , Mohammad Aladdin J 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo describe clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and thyroid disease (TD). We also aimed to calculate incidence and identify predictors of TD in two large cohorts of patients with AAV.MethodsThe study comprised 644 patients with AAV in a population-based cohort from southern Sweden (n=325) and a cohort from a specialised vasculitis centre in Cambridge, UK (n=319). Diagnosis and classification of AAV and TD were confirmed by medical record review. Person-years (PY) of follow-up were calculated from AAV diagnosis to the earliest of TD, death or the end of study. Cox-regression analysis was employed to study predictors of TD.ResultsAt AAV diagnosis, 100 individuals (15.5%, 77 females) had TD, 59 had myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA+ and 34 had proteinase-3 (PR3)-ANCA+. Patients with TD tended to have lower C reactive protein, lower haemoglobin and fewer constitutional symptoms. Survival and renal survival was greater in those patients with AAV with pre-existing TD. During 4522 PY of follow-up, a further 29 subjects developed TD, yielding an incidence rate of 641/100 000 PY. No analysed factor predicted de novo TD in AAV. The prevalence of TD among patients with AAV in southern Sweden was 18%.ConclusionTD is a common comorbidity in AAV, affecting nearly one in five. While TD diagnosis is more common in females and MPO-ANCA+, these factors do not predict de novo TD after initiation of AAV treatment, necessitating monitoring of all patients with AAV with respect to this comorbidity.
Biomarkers of metal exposure in adolescent e-cigarette users: correlations with vaping frequency and flavouring
Authors: Kochvar Andrew , Hao Gary , Dai Hongying Daisy 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundYouth vaping poses a significant public health concern as metals have been detected in e-cigarette aerosols and liquids. This study investigated factors associated with biomarkers of metal exposure.MethodsData were drawn from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Youth Panel, a nationally representative sample of US adolescents aged 13–17 years. Urinary biomarkers of exposure to cadmium, lead, and uranium were assessed by vaping frequency (occasional (1–5 days), intermittent (6–19 days), and frequent (20+ days)) in the past 30 days and flavour type (menthol/mint, fruit, and sweet).ResultsAmong 200 exclusive e-cigarette users (median age 15.9 years, 62.9% female), 65 reported occasional use, 45 reported intermittent use, and 81 reported frequent use. The average number of recent puffs per day increased exponentially by vaping frequency (occasional: 0.9 puffs, intermittent: 7.9 puffs, frequent: 27.0 puffs; p=0.001). Both intermittent (0.21 ng/mg creatinine) and frequent users (0.20 ng/mg creatinine) had higher urine lead levels than occasional users (0.16 ng/mg creatinine). Frequent users also had higher urine uranium levels compared with occasional users (0.009 vs 0.005 ng/mg creatinine, p=0.0004). Overall, 33.0% of users preferred using menthol/mint flavours, 49.8% fruit flavours, and 15.3% sweet flavours. Sweet flavour users had higher uranium levels compared with menthol/mint users (0.009 vs 0.005 ng/mg creatinine, p=0.02).ConclusionsVaping in early life could increase the risk of exposure to metals, potentially harming brain and organ development. Regulations on vaping should safeguard the youth population against addiction and exposure to metals.
International Migration and Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling the Disease Burden Among Migrants to North America and Europe
Authors: Agyemang Charles , van der Linden Eva L. , Chilunga Felix , van den Born Bert‐Jan H. 
Published: April 2024

Europe and North America are the 2 largest recipients of international migrants from low‐resource regions in the world. Here, large differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and death exist between migrants and the host populations. This review discusses the CVD burden and its most important contributors among the largest migrant groups in Europe and North America as well as the consequences of migration to high‐income countries on CVD diagnosis and therapy. The available evidence indicates that migrants in Europe and North America generally have a higher CVD risk compared with the host populations. Cardiometabolic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors are important contributors to their increased CVD risk. However, despite these common denominators, there are important ethnic differences in the propensity to develop CVD that relate to pre‐ and postmigration factors, such as socioeconomic status, cultural factors, lifestyle, psychosocial stress, access to health care and health care usage. Some of these pre‐ and postmigration environmental factors may interact with genetic (epigenetics) and microbial factors, which further influence their CVD risk. The limited number of prospective cohorts and clinical trials in migrant populations remains an important culprit for better understanding pathophysiological mechanism driving health differences and for developing ethnic‐specific CVD risk prediction and care. Only by improved understanding of the complex interaction among human biology, migration‐related factors, and sociocultural determinants of health influencing CVD risk will we be able to mitigate these differences and truly make inclusive personalized treatment possible.
Rate of Change in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Is Associated With Death in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Starnes Joseph R. , Xu Meng , George‐Durrett Kristen , Crum Kimberly , Raucci Frank J. , Spurney Christopher F. , Hor Kan N. , Cripe Linda H. , Husain Nazia , Buddhe Sujatha , Gambetta Katheryn , Tamaroff Jaclyn , Slaughter James C. , Markham Larry W. , Soslow Jonathan H. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Identifying patients at risk of early death could allow for increased monitoring and more intensive therapy. Measures that associate with death could serve as surrogate outcomes in clinical trials.

Methods and Results

Duchenne muscular dystrophy subjects prospectively enrolled in observational studies were included. Models using generalized least squares were used to assess the difference of cardiac magnetic resonance measurements between deceased and alive subjects. A total of 63 participants underwent multiple cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and were included in the analyses. Twelve subjects (19.1%) died over a median follow‐up of 5 years (interquartile range, 3.1–7.0). Rate of decline in left ventricular ejection fraction was faster in deceased than alive subjects (
P
<0.0001). Rate of increase in indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic (
P
=0.0132) and systolic (
P
<0.0001) volumes were higher in deceased subjects. Faster worsening in midcircumferential strain was seen in deceased subjects (
P
=0.049) while no difference in global circumferential strain was seen. The rate of increase in late gadolinium enhancement, base T1, and mid T1 did not differ between groups.

Conclusions
Duchenne muscular dystrophy death is associated with the rate of change in left ventricular ejection fraction, midcircumferential strain, and ventricular volumes. Aggressive medical therapy to decrease the rate of progression may improve the mortality rate in this population. A decrease in the rate of progression may serve as a valid surrogate outcome for therapeutic trials.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Conditions After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comparison Between the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Pinto Shanti M. , Thakur Bhaskar , Kumar Raj G. , Rabinowitz Amanda , Zafonte Ross , Walker William C. , Ding Kan , Driver Simon , Venkatesan Umesh M. , Moralez Gilbert , Bell Kathleen R. 
Published: April 2024

Background
The purpose of this study is to compare the prevalence of self‐reported cardiovascular conditions among individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) to a propensity‐matched control cohort.

Methods and Results
A cross‐sectional study described self‐reported cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, congestive heart failure [CHF], myocardial infarction [MI], and stroke) from participants who completed interviews between January 2015 and March 2020 in 2 harmonized large cohort studies, the TBI Model Systems and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mixed‐effect logistic regression models were used to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular conditions after 1:1 propensity‐score matching based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, education level, and smoking status. The final sample was 4690 matched pairs. Individuals with TBI were more likely to report hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.18 [95% CI, 1.08–1.28]) and stroke (OR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.56–1.98]) but less likely to report CHF (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67–0.99]) or MI (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.55–0.79]). There was no difference in rate of CHF or MI for those ≤50 years old; however, rates of CHF and MI were lower in the TBI group for individuals >50 years old. Over 65% of individuals who died before the first follow‐up interview at 1 year post‐TBI were >50 years old, and those >50 years old were more likely to die of heart disease than those ≤50 years old (17.6% versus 8.6%).

Conclusions
Individuals with moderate to severe TBI had an increased rate of self‐reported hypertension and stroke but lower rate of MI and CHF than uninjured adults, which may be due to survival bias.
Nanonematicides: production, mechanisms, efficacy, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Abd-Elgawad Mahfouz M.M. 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Classical methods of using many toxic chemical pesticides for managing plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) on key crops are inappropriate and have unfavourable consequences on human health and the environment. By contrast, nanotechnology can provide a wide range of alternative applications with additional merits based on nanoparticle (NP) pesticides. Three major categories, i.e., physical, chemical and biological methods, have been generally used for synthesis of nanonematicides. The merits and demerits of these methods are highlighted. The biological method generally involves easy, fast, scalable, cheap and environmentally safe techniques. As nanonematicides can reduce the non-selective use of classical nematicides with their high pollution and unhealthy levels, mechanisms underlying PPN population suppression by these nanonematicides are presented to help in their further optimisation. Nanonematicides are guiding a radical change in their efficacy against PPN, but more attention should be given to secure their clean production and application with cost-effective methods.
Repeated bout effect and muscle damage at variable eccentric exercise intensities in active young men: a longitudinal repeated measures investigation
Authors: Rai A. , Bhati P. , Pal S. , Anand P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and repeated bout effect (RBE) are widely researched across various populations and at various intensities. Despite the existence of vast literature, there is lack of comparison of low versus submaximal versus maximal intensity required for preconditioning. The aim of the study was to compare the muscle damage and RBE at various intensities of eccentric exercise in active young men. Thirty-six healthy, physically active men were recruited and randomly assigned to three different groups low-high (L-H, n = 12), submaximal-high (M-H, n = 12) and maximal-high (H-H, n = 12). All participants performed 2 exercise bouts separated by 14 days. L-H, M-H and H-H groups performed low (10% of 1RM), moderate (50% of 1RM) and high (90% of 1RM) intensity eccentric exercise for knee extensors, respectively, in the 1st bout followed by high (100% of 1RM) intensity in the second bout. Muscle soreness (SOR), thigh circumference (CIR), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), range of motion (ROM) and blood lactate (Bl Lac) were measured before, immediately, at 24 h, at 48 h and at 72 h after exercise. A significant effect of time appeared for MVIC (), CIR (), ROM () and Bl Lac (). The bout × time interaction, as well as bout × time × group interaction was also found significant indicating changes in muscle strength and ROM. Circumference changed significantly with a significant bout × group interaction effect . SOR () was significant between the bouts. Therefore, exhibiting attenuation of muscle damage markers after the second bout. Findings of the present study showed that muscle damage was evident at all three intensities. Moreover, it was greater after moderate and high intensity as compared to low intensity eccentric exercise. RBE was elicited after three intensities indicating their role in preconditioning the muscles of active men.
An update on the taxonomy and functional properties of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68
Authors: Franz C.M.A.P. , Pot B. , Vizoso-Pinto M.G. , Arini A. , Coppolecchia R. , Holzapfel W.H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Enterococcus faecium SF68 (SF68) is a well-known probiotic with a long history of safe use. Recent changes in the taxonomy of enterococci have shown that a novel species, Enterococcus lactis, is closely related with E. faecium and occurs together with other enterococci in a phylogenetically well-defined E. faecium species group. The close phylogenetic relationship between the species E. faecium and E. lactis prompted a closer investigation into the taxonomic status of E. faecium SF68. Using phylogenomics and ANI, the taxonomic analysis in this study showed that probiotic E. faecium SF68, when compared to other E. faecium and E. lactis type and reference strains, could be re-classified as belonging to the species E. lactis. Further investigations into the functional properties of SF68 showed that it is potentially capable of bacteriocin production, as a bacteriocin gene cluster encoding the leaderless bacteriocin EntK1 together with putative Lactococcus lactis bacteriocins LsbA, and LsbB-like putative immunity peptide (LmrB) were found located in an operon on plasmid pF9. However, bacteriocin expression was not studied. Competitive exclusion experiments in co-culture over 7 days at 37 °C showed that the probiotic SF68 could inhibit the growth of specific E. faecium and Listeria monocytogenes strains, while showing little or no inhibitory activity towards an entero-invasive Escherichia coli and a Salmonella Typhimurium strain, respectively. In cell culture experiments with colon carcinoma HT29 cells, the probiotic SF68 was also able to strain-specifically inhibit adhesion and/or invasion of enterococcal and L. monocytogenes strains, while such adhesion and invasion inhibition effects were less pronounced for E. coli and Salmonella strains. This study therefore provides novel data on the taxonomy and functional properties of SF68, which can be reclassified as Enterococcus lactis SF68, thereby enhancing the understanding of its probiotic nature.
The Question of Language in Contemporary Ukrainian Cinema
Authors: Vidaud Anthelme 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Since the 2000s, various laws have sought to impose Ukrainian in film production. If until 2014, due to decades of Russification, it was not uncommon to see a Ukrainian film shot in Russian, the Ukrainian language has become increasingly dominant in national cinema. The law of 2017 demanding Ukrainian directors to shoot in the official state language has aroused questions and different positions among the film community: while some have tried to resist it, arguing a lack of realism and an artificial use of a standardized Ukrainian language in the context of a predominantly bilingual society, most filmmakers have been able to find creative solutions, by getting in tune with a society that is becoming more and more Ukrainian-speaking, or by resorting to surzhyk, a vernacular mixing Ukrainian and Russian. Apart from Slavic languages, minority languages such as Crimean Tatar have also found their place in contemporary Ukrainian cinema.
Expression of PVT-1 and miR-29a/29b as reliable biomarkers for liver cirrhosis and their correlation with the inflammatory biomarkers profile.
Authors: Khalaf Shaza E. , Abdelfattah Shima N. , Khaliefa Amal K. , Daoud Sahar A. , Yahia Enas , Hasona Nabil A. 
Published: April 2024

Background & Aims The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic processes, which can be significantly impacted by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). These ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules have been shown to play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, and their dysregulation has been implicated in numerous liver disorders. Our study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of plasmacytoma variant translocation-1 (PVT-1), microRNA-29a/29b (miR-29a/miR-29b), and inflammatory biomarkers [ interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1)] as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver cirrhosis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which lncRNAs and miRNAs influence liver metabolism is of paramount importance in developing effective treatments for liver-related diseases. Methods Serum samples were collected from 164 participants, comprising 114 cirrhotic patients with varying grades (35 grade I, 35 grade II, and 44 grade III) and 50 healthy controls. PVT-1 and miR-29a/miR-29b expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The study participants exhibited notable differences in PVT-1 and miR-29a/miR-29b expression. ROC analysis revealed excellent discriminative power for PVT-1 and miR-29a/miR-29b in distinguishing cirrhotic patients from healthy controls. Conclusion This study demonstrates the promising potential of PVT-1 and miR-29a/miR-29b as early diagnostic biomarkers for liver cirrhosis detection, requiring further validation in larger cohorts. Our findings also reinforce the diagnostic value of circulating inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IGF-1) levels for liver cirrhosis screening.