bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Outcomes from an Individualised Supported Education Programme Delivered by a Community Mental Health Service
Authors: Robson Emma , Waghorn Geoff , Sherring Joanne , Morris Adrienne 
Published: April 2011

This paper describes the implementation and preliminary results of a supported education programme designed to complement a youth-oriented supported employment programme. Method: The programme was delivered by occupational therapists employed by a community mental health service in the Hunter New England region, New South Wales, Australia. Twenty mental health service users were assisted with their course of study over an 18-month period. Results: Education outcomes were promising, with 70% of service users either continuing or completing their chosen course of formal study. The education support provided was modelled on the Individual Placement and Support approach to supported employment. Conclusion: Occupational therapists working in public mental health can use this promising approach to supplement supported employment programmes, which should also be closely coordinated with the mental health service.
Implementing the Model of Human Occupation across a Mental Health Occupational Therapy Service: Communities of Practice and a Participatory Change Process
Authors: Wimpenny Katherine , Forsyth Kirsty , Jones Catherine , Matheson Lorna , Colley Julie 
Published: April 2011

The implementation of evidence-based change in practice settings is complex and far reaching, but only limited research has been undertaken in this area. This participatory action research study investigated the implementation of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) across a mental health occupational therapy service. Method: The study involved preparatory workshops and 12 months of team-based, monthly group reflective supervision sessions, facilitated by a colleague from academia, with follow-up contact for a further 12 months. Findings: The main findings emphasise the importance of developing a critical learning space, or ‘community of practice’, and identify that barriers to theory implementation can be overcome by collective effort with a shared dialectic. The successful development of a community of practice required the careful consideration of a number of interconnected influences, including those of self, peer and facilitator, and contextual and theoretical relationships. Conclusion: The study concluded that the community of practice was central in supporting the effective implementation of MOHO and its associated assessment tools. A key output of the study is a Participatory Change Process, which illustrates the key steps undertaken and interrelated factors affecting theory uptake. The process requires further testing, but has potential to guide theory implementation in other settings.
Participation in Valued Roles Post-Liver Transplant
Authors: Scott Patricia J 
Published: April 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the participation patterns of liver transplant (LT) recipients in valued roles following LT and the relationship of these to quality of life. Design: This was a cross-sectional study of health-related quality of life and role participation in 161 LT recipients, conducted between 27 August 2008 and 1 December 2008. The participants were a mean of 5.25, ±2.5, years post-LT, 75% male, and had a mean age of 59 years, range 37–77 years. Main outcome measures: These were the Role Checklist and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases — Quality of Life instrument. Results: Analysis revealed that LT recipients showed a wide disparity in the number of roles currently occupied, range 1–10, mean = 4.9 and SD = 1.8, and normal distribution. There was a significant relationship (p<0.001) between participation in a greater number of valued roles and all five quality of life scales. Conclusion: People who are participating in a smaller number of valued roles have lower levels of life satisfaction. The problem is believed to be related to difficulties in forming new habits. Habit training and monitoring of role return to determine when intervention is needed are required to enable all LT recipients to return to the highest quality of life possible.
The Occupational and Quality of Life Consequences of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis in Young People
Authors: Taylor Renee R , O'Brien Jane , Kielhofner Gary , Lee Sun-Wook , Katz Ben , Mears Cynthia 
Published: April 2011

Introduction: Chronic fatigue syndrome, termed myalgic encephalomyelitis in the United Kingdom (CFS/ME), is a debilitating condition involving severe exhaustion, cognitive difficulties, educational and vocational losses, and disruption of social activities and relationships. CFS/ME may affect volition (that is, value, interest and sense of competence). Purpose: To test Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) concepts by comparing young people with and without CFS/ME in terms of occupational participation, volition and health-related quality of life during infection and over time. Method: Three hundred and one people (12–18 years old) diagnosed with glandular fever were evaluated at the time of acute infection (baseline). Six months following diagnosis, 39 of them met the criteria for CFS/ME. A further 39 who recovered were randomly selected and matched to CFS/ME participants. Both groups were re-evaluated at 12 months and 24 months. The Occupational Self Assessment and the Child General Health Questionnaire were used to compare occupational participation. Results: Those with CFS/ME reported lower levels of perceived competency, more difficulties with physical functioning and poorer general health status than those who recovered. Conclusion: Those with CFS/ME report lower perceived competency, and compromises in physical functioning, school performance, social activities, emotional functioning and general health. This supports the MOHO assertion that impairments affect volition and quality of life.
A Randomised Clinical Trial of a Wellness Programme for Healthy Older People
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Kawamata Hironori , Kobayashi Norikazu , Kielhofner Gary , Taylor Renee R 
Published: April 2011

Background: With a growing increase in the population of older people worldwide, there is an undeniable need for efficient and cost-effective service delivery in occupational therapy. Method: This randomised clinical trial employed a parallel design, with an experimental and a control group and a pre-test and post-test, to evaluate the effectiveness of a wellness programme based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). Participants were 65 years of age or older, community-dwelling Japanese older people. Data were analysed for 30 experimental participants who received a 15-session MOHO programme and 33 controls who received a 15-session standard care, crafts programme. Quality of life and psychological wellbeing were compared between groups using the Japanese versions of the Life Satisfaction Index — Z (LSI-Z) and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life-26 (QOL26), respectively. Results: The LSI-Z score for the experimental group improved an average of 3.4 points whereas the control group's mean score improved by 0.1 point. The mean change for the experimental group (m.chg = 3.4, SD = 5.8) was significantly different (p = 0.01) from that of the control group (m.chg = 0.1, SD = 4.8) and the effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.62 (95% confidence interval = 0.13–1.11). The psychological domain score (QOL26) improved slightly for the experimental group whereas it declined slightly for the control group. The mean change was significantly different (p = 0.02) between the experimental (m.chg = 0.1, SD = 0.5) and control (m.chg = −0.1, SD = 0.3) groups; effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.49 (95% confidence interval = 0.02–0.96). Conclusion: The findings support the conclusion that MOHO-based occupational therapy interventions can promote wellness effectively in older people by having an impact on quality of life and sense of wellbeing.
One-Day Session LINAC–Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Posterior Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Furdova Alena , Strmen Peter , Waczulikova Iveta , Chorvath Martin , Sramka Miron , Slezak Peter 
Published: April 2011

Purpose LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of posterior uveal melanoma is a conservative method to treat uveal melanoma. Methods This was a retrospective clinic-based study of patients with posterior uveal melanoma in stage T2/T3 who underwent 1-day session SRS at LINAC accelerator or SRS plus combined methods from 2001 to 2008. Results Thirty-nine patients with posterior uveal melanoma were treated with SRS (age 25-80 years, median 54 years). Median tumor volume at baseline was 0.6 cm3 (range 0.2-1.3 cm3). The therapeutic dose (TD) was 35.0 Gy, median of maximal dose applied was 49.0 Gy (range 37.0-60.0 Gy). Patient data were analyzed in groups: group 1, single SRS irradiation; group 2, SRS with subsequent endoresection or cyclectomy or additional transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) or brachytherapy by Ru106 plaques; group 3a, enucleation after single SRS; group 3b, enucleation after SRS and endoresection/cyclectomy or TTT or brachytherapy Ru106. In patients with visual acuity of 20/40 or better, the median rate of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) decline was higher than that of the total and significantly higher than the rate of decline in the complementary group of patients with BCVA less than 20/40 (p=0.0077; Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions One-step LINAC-based SRS with a single dose 35.0 Gy is a method to treat middle-stage posterior uveal melanoma and to preserve the eye globe or as the first step of combined methods: irradiation before endoresection or cyclectomy.
Boron, Elemental
Authors: Jansen Linda H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBoron is unique in that it is the only nonmetal in group 13(IIIA) of the Periodic Table. Boron has more similarity to carbon and silicon than to to the elements in Group 13. A widespread boron mineral is tourmaline, a complex borosilicate. However, the most common ores are alkali and alkaline‐earth borates. Borax is the most important ore of boron. Boron is produced by the reduction of boric acid with magnesium (the Moissan process). Boron is a trace element that is essential to human health and behavior There have been no reports of toxicity in humans. Elemental boron is used in many diverse industries including metallurgy, ceramics, glass, fibers, energy as fuels and in batteries, agriculture, pyrotechnics, and radiation shielding. Boron alloys containing aluminum and magnesium have been found to be of a hardness nearly equal to that of diamond.
Calcium and Calcium Alloys
Authors: Vrana Lisa M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Calcium, a member of Group 2 (IIA) of the Periodic Table between magnesium and strontium, is classified, together with barium and strontium, as an alkaline‐earth metal.The word calcium is derived from calx, the Latin word for lime. Pure calcium is a bright silvery white metal. Under normal atmospheric conditions. freshly exposed surfaces of calcium quickly become covered with an oxide layer. Calcium is manufactured by electrolysis or the aluminothermal method. Because of its extreme chemical reactivity, calcium metal must be carefully packaged for shipment and storage. Calcium metal can produce damaging effects if inhaled. It is also the most abundant metal in the human body and is a key constituent of bones and teeth and has key metabolic functions. Calcium is used for the improvement of steel, in battery manufacture, and as a reducing agent. Alloys of calcium with silicon are used in ferrous metallurgy.
Corrosion and Corrosion Control
Authors: Policastro Steven , Martin Farrel , Natishan Paul , Moran Pat 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article discusses the various types of corrosion and the fundamental mechanisms responsible for corrosion. The importance of electrochemical reactions in causing and controlling corrosion phenomena is emphasized. The influence of environmental factors and metallurgical variables is reviewed and the predominant corrosion modes for technologically significant metal and alloy systems are discussed. The various methods of corrosion prevention such as cathodic protection, coatings, and inhibitors are also described. Throughout the article, references to additional information are included.
Wood‐Based Composites and Laminates
Authors: Lehmann William F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWood is one of the oldest construction materials and extremely valuable today. It is important more than ever to manage forests as sustainable and renewable resources. In the conversion of timber to lumber, only about one‐half of the log becomes lumber. The rest becomes waste in the form of bark, slabs ,edgings. shavings. etc. These residues remained largely unused until recently. Today virtually the entire wood stem is converted to wood products. Recycling has also added to the yield. Currently these wastes and residues are used to create useful composite materials which have become an important segment of the entire system. The composites can be used in a myriad products, such as flooring, roofing, construction panels, furniture, etc. The conventional wood‐based composites are plywood, oriented strandboard, fiberboard, and particleboard. Their manufacture and uses are detailed. Glulam timber and structural composite lumber are included in the discussion. Natural and synthetic adhesives are a major part of laminate production. An important consideration in the production of wood laminates is the emission of formaldehyde from manufactured products. Green building certifications also address the formaldehyde issue. The new U.S. law on standards for formaldehyde emissions will play a role in world markets.
Biocatalytic Concurrent Processes
Authors: Bisogno Fabricio R. , Lavandera Iván , Gotor Vicente 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn line with the new governmental initiatives and industrial demands related to the “Green Chemistry” principles, the design of sustainable processes according to them and applicable at industrial scale is highly desirable. One of the possible strategies is to employ multistep chemical synthesis with efficient catalytic reactions that improve the “atom economy” of the process. In this context, concurrent methodologies in which multiple catalysts operate simultaneously in “one pot”, circumventing the time‐consuming and yield‐reducing isolation and purification of intermediates are gaining momentum nowadays. Thus, elegant examples of tandem or cascade methodologies are being described in order to perform stereoselective processes, such as deracemization protocols of hydroxy derivatives, or the simultaneous coupling of selective reactions to achieve, e.g., interconnected double kinetic resolutions or a desymmetrization plus a kinetic resolution. Many examples deal with oxidoreductases taking advantage of efficient cofactor recycling systems, but other works have shown that enzymes like hydrolases, transferases or lyases can also be employed in these processes with high efficiency. Furthermore, novel cooperative protocols in which an organo‐ or metal‐catalyst is combined with a biocatalyst are opening the scope and possibilities of implementing biocatalysts in integrated multistep synthetic pathways. Some of these examples are discussed focusing on the concept behind, as well as on their possible synthetic applicability.
Data Interpretation and Correlation
Authors: Buzzi‐Ferraris Guido , Manenti Flavio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractData interpretation and correlation lie at the very foundations of all technological fields and scientific areas that involve experimentation and measures. This entry explores the fundamental contents of data analysis, such as data samples, linear regressions, and nonlinear regressions. Its main aim is to describe the most important methods and techniques designed to tackle problems that can significantly affect data interpretation and result in misleading estimates. The problems involved in outlier detection are discussed specifically, and robust identification methods are explained and compared under a variety of relevant and widespread headings, such as masking and swamping effects, heteroscedasticity condition, collinearity, and so on.
Flooring Materials
Authors: Schmidle Claude J. , Conger Robert P. , Boranian Armen 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Flooring materials containing polymers include resilient sheet goods and tile, prefinished and acrylic impregnated hardwood, and seamless, monolithic, and troweled surface coatings. The principle area of use is resilient flooring, the largest portion of which is poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) homopolymer or copolymers containing vinyl acetate. Significant amounts of acrylics, polyurethanes, and butadiene‐styrene resins are also used.
Foundry Resins
Authors: Langer Heimo J. , Dunnavant William R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe foundry industry uses several procedures for casting metal parts: permanent mold casting, centrifugal casting, and sand casting. Permanent molds are made of metal, graphite, or a ceramic. In sand casting, molds and cores are used. Cores are required for hollow castings and must be removed after the metal has solidified. Cores are used in both sand and permanent molds.Binders were developed to strengthen the cores, which are the most fragile part of a mold assembly. Although the use of binders in mold production is increasing, most sand casting employs so‐called green sand molds, which are made of sand, clay, and additives. Inorganic binders such as clay, cement, or sodium silicate are inexpensive materials that have long been used in the production of foundry molds and cores. This article is limited to synthetic organic resin‐based binders, which, because of their versatility and performance, have resulted in significant labor and energy savings and higher foundry productivity.
Organoselenium and organotellurium compounds: Toxicology and pharmacology
Authors: Nogueira Cristina W. , Rocha João B. T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the last three decades, the interest in the field of synthesis and reactivity of organoselenium and organotellurium compounds has increased; particularly, in view of the observations that they can exhibit important biological activities. The data presented in this chapter clearly indicate the potential pharmacological and therapeutic uses of organoselenium and organotellurium compounds. Indeed, these classes of molecules exhibit a variety of interesting biological effects, namely antioxidant properties, which can account for theirin vitroandin vivobeneficial effects in a wide range of models of different human pathologies. We can conclude that the future of “medicinal chemistry“ of organoselenium and organotellurium compounds will depend on the rational development of new molecules, which can be guided by chemical and biological approaches. Moreover, the structure‐activity relationship for a given class of organoselenium or organotellurium compounds should be used as a toll for screening molecules with high probability of exhibiting low toxicity and high pharmacological activity in mammals.
Electrochemistry of Organic Selenium and Tellurium Compounds
Authors: Jaworski Jan S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis of organic selenium and tellurium compounds as well as different mechanisms of their anodic and cathodic reactions were reviewed. The first part includes the review of the direct synthesis of the title compounds from the elemental selenium and tellurium, the synthesis by anodic reactions using mainly the generation of arylselenium or tellurium cations and the cathodic reduction based on the generation of organoselenium and tellurium anions. These synthetic applications, more interesting for the wider group of organic chemists, are discussed in more detail. Examples of the anodic functionalization (such as acetoxylation or fluorination) leading to new organic chalcogen compounds are also given.The detailed discussion of the anodic behavior of the title compounds is divided into separate parts, each of them devoted to the different class of compounds. They include first of all diaryl, dialkyl and alkylarylselenides and tellurides, most widely investigated for many years, and next diaryl and dialkyl diselenides. However, anodic reactions of some typical heterocyclic selenides and tellurides are also briefly reviewed. Some electrode reactions in which the title compounds play only the role of intermediates are mentioned as well. Finally, electroreduction mechanisms of organoselenium and tellurium compounds are discussed.
Civic Building: Forte, Gimenes & Marcondes Ferraz Arquitetos (FGMF), São Paulo
Authors:   FGMF
Published: April 2011

AbstractSão Paulo‐based practice Forte, Gimenes & Marcondes Ferraz (FGMF) places particular importance on developing relationships between architecture, its environment and the user. This is apparent in its two projects featured here: the FDE Public School at Várzea Paulista, for which the firm created concrete brise‐soleils ; and the Edifício Projeto Viver, a community building at Morumbi, which it retained as a gateway for the favela it serves. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Universities as Mediators: The Cases of Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico and São Paulo
Authors: Leguía Mariana 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStepping into the vacuum left by state and public services, architecture departments in universities have become key players in the development of their regions. As guest‐editor of this issue, Mariana Leguía explains how this has led to a new teaching and research model, where universities act as mediators between government, private investors, NGOs and local communities. She looks at the activities of institutions in Argentina, Peru, Mexico and Brazil that are proactive in this field. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ Carbon Nanotube Formation in Templated Pores of Polymer‐Derived Ceramics
Authors: Terry Craig S. , Scheffler Franziska , Torrey Jessica D. , Bordia Rajendra K. , Scheffler Michael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been formed in situ in porous, polymer derived ceramics, using polystyrene (PS) microbeads as pore formers. The microbeads were coated with nickel acetate, as a transition metal catalyst precursor, and then introduced into the preceramic polymer methylphenylpolysiloxane (PMPS). The PMPS served as a precursor for the ceramic matrix and as carbon source for CNT formation. The PS microbead burnout was observed between 200 and 400 °C, leaving behind nickel nanoparticles at the surface of the templated pore walls. Thermal conversion of the precursor to ceramic was carried out in the temperature range between 500 and 1 200 °C. MWCNTs were formed in the templated pores during the pyrolysis step by converting the carbon from the decomposition of PMPS. The oxidation resistance of these composites has been studied and an interesting catalytic oxidation phenomenon was observed that may be quite important for the oxidation of carbon nanotubes.