bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of the antenna power pattern uncertainty within a global 21 cm experiment
Authors: Cumner John , Pieterse Carla , de Villiers Dirk , de Lera Acedo Eloy 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Measuring the redshifted sky-averaged neutral hydrogen 21 cm signal with a wide-band antenna operating at metre wavelengths can probe the thermal history of the Universe and the first star and galaxy formation during the Cosmic Dawn. Measurement of this ‘global 21 cm’ signal is extremely challenging due to foreground signals that are orders of magnitude brighter than the cosmological signal, which must be modelled and removed first. The Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen (REACH) aims to improve this process by simultaneously fitting the full posterior distribution of both the cosmological and foreground signals with Bayesian inference. The method, however, relies on an informed prior; partially derived from a simulated antenna power pattern. This simulated antenna power pattern will differ from the true antenna power pattern of the deployed instrument, and the impact of this uncertainty is unknown. We investigate this problem by forward modelling mock data with different levels of power pattern uncertainty through the REACH pipeline. We construct perturbed antenna power patterns through truncation of a singular-value-decomposed simulated power pattern; using one to generate mock observation data and the others to inform the prior. The power pattern uncertainty is quantified as ΔD, the absolute mean of the difference between the original and perturbed power patterns. Comparing the evidence and root-mean-square error we find that ΔD better than −35 dB, equivalent to millimetre accuracy in the antennas dimensions, is necessary for confident detection of the global signal. We discuss potential solutions to achieve this high level of accuracy.
Kidney failure from kidney stones: an ANZDATA study
Authors: Cheikh Hassan Hicham , Tunnicliffe David J , Loyd Lyn , Mullan Adam , Wickham Ieuan , Cashmore Brydee , Jose Matthew , Mallett Andrew J 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Kidney stones are common, with an increasing trend over time, and have been well studied in the general population. However, the incidence and outcomes of kidney stones leading to kidney failure (KF) and the receipt of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) are poorly examined. We examined the incidence of KF due to kidney stones and compared outcomes with KRT patients due to other causes.

Methods
We studied adult patients who started KRT (January 1981–December 2020) and are included in the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) registry. Exposure was KRT patients due to kidney stones, comparing them with patients with other causes. We examined incidence, prevalence, patient survival (KRT and transplant) and graft survival (transplant). Cox regression models were fitted to compare patient survival between the kidney stones and non-kidney stones groups, overall KRT, dialysis and patient and graft survival after kidney transplant.

Results
A total of 834 (1.1%) patients commenced KRT due to kidney stones. The incidence was 1.17 per million population per year and remained stable during the study period (annual change −0.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) −1.5–0.9]. Survival was higher in kidney stone patients receiving dialysis compared with the non-kidney stone group [hazard ratio (HR) 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.96)], with similar estimates in a matched cohort. In kidney transplant patients, time to transplant was longer for patients with kidney stones compared with non-kidney stone patients (2.5 versus 1.7 years; P = .001). There was no difference in mortality [HR 1.02 (95% CI 0.82–1.28)] or graft loss [HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.79–1.45)] between the kidney stones and non-kidney stones patients in the kidney transplant group.

Conclusion
The incidence of KF due to kidney stones was unchanged over the study period. Survival of patients with kidney stones who require KRT was better compared with patients with other causes. For the kidney transplant group, survival and risk of graft failure were similar.
Trends in occupational respiratory conditions with short latency in the UK
Authors: Barradas A , Iskandar I , Carder M , Gittins M , Fishwick D , Seed M , van Tongeren M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Occupational short-latency respiratory disease (SLRD; predominantly asthma, rhinitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and occupational infections) prevalence is difficult to determine but certain occupations may be associated with increased susceptibility.

Aims
This study aimed to examine which occupations and industries are currently at high risk for SLRD and determine their respective suspected causal agents.

Methods
SLRD cases reported to the SWORD scheme between 1999 and 2019 were analysed to determine directly standardized rate ratios (SRR) by occupation against the average rate for all other occupations combined.

Results
‘Bakers and flour confectioners’ and ‘vehicle spray painters’ showed significantly raised SRR for SLRD in general, mostly due to occupational rhinitis (234.4; 95% CI 200.5–274.0) and asthma (63.5; 95% CI 51.5–78.3), respectively. Laboratory technicians also showed significantly raised SRR for occupational rhinitis (18.7; 95% CI 15.1–23.1), primarily caused by laboratory animals and insects. Metal machining setters and setter-operators showed increased SRR for occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (42.0; 95% CI 29.3–60.3), largely due to cutting/soluble oils. The occupation mostly affected by infectious disease was welding trades (12.9; 95% CI 5.7–29.3), mainly attributable to microbial pathogenicity.

Conclusions
This study identified the occupational groups at increased risk of developing an SLRD based on data recorded over a recent two-decade period in the UK. Occupational asthma and rhinitis were identified as the prevailing conditions and hypersensitivity pneumonitis as a potentially rising respiratory problem in the metalworking industry.
Degassing-Driven Oxidation Promotes HREE Enrichment in South China Granites
Authors: Xu Cheng , Shi Aiguo , Brenna Marco , Liu Pingping , Li Qiuli , Fan Chaoxi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) are critical metals in advanced technologies. Here, we report unusual REE patterns and O–Hf–Nd isotopic compositions of composite granites from the Zhaibei HREE deposit. The complex consists of two Mesozoic granites with ages of 188 and 170 Ma. The older granites are characterized by higher HREE contents and negative Ce anomaly and contain cerianite veinlets. Their REE-rich minerals also show strong Ce depletion, indicating a high oxidation state. Magmatic zircons have variables δ18O (6.1–9.4‰) and εHf(t) (−6 to 0), towards a depleted mantle contribution. Lower δ18O (~5.4 vs 6.6‰) and higher εNd(t) (approximately −3 vs −11) values in the altered apatite rim compared to the core and primary phase result from subduction-derived fluids. In contrast, the younger granites have lower REE contents and lack a Ce anomaly. They show mantle-derived Nd (apatite εNd(t) = 1–2), Hf (zircon εHf(t) = 3–8), and O (zircon and apatite δ18O = 4.6–5.7‰) isotopic compositions. Therefore, we infer that a REE-rich fluid migrated from the flat subducting slab and flushed the subsolidus granitic mush in the Early Jurassic. This caused volatile saturation and degassing, leading to the generation of highly oxidized fluids. These processes may cause temporary oxidizing conditions in post-magmatic hydrothermal stages, resulting in the oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+. The resulting Ce fractionation from other REE3+ promoted HREE enrichment in the granites.
Learning optimal integration of spatial and temporal information in noisy chemotaxis
Authors: Alonso Albert , Kirkegaard Julius B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate the boundary between chemotaxis driven by spatial estimation of gradients and chemotaxis driven by temporal estimation. While it is well known that spatial chemotaxis becomes disadvantageous for small organisms at high noise levels, it is unclear whether there is a discontinuous switch of optimal strategies or a continuous transition exists. Here, we employ deep reinforcement learning to study the possible integration of spatial and temporal information in an a priori unconstrained manner. We parameterize such a combined chemotactic policy by a recurrent neural network and evaluate it using a minimal theoretical model of a chemotactic cell. By comparing with constrained variants of the policy, we show that it converges to purely temporal and spatial strategies at small and large cell sizes, respectively. We find that the transition between the regimes is continuous, with the combined strategy outperforming in the transition region both the constrained variants as well as models that explicitly integrate spatial and temporal information. Finally, by utilizing the attribution method of integrated gradients, we show that the policy relies on a nontrivial combination of spatially and temporally derived gradient information in a ratio that varies dynamically during the chemotactic trajectories.
Increasing the use of telemedicine: A field experiment
Authors: González Maria Patricia , Scartascini Carlos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Patients are reluctant to use telemedicine health services, compared to its substitute in-person visits. One reason is that telemedicine can be accurately evaluated and compared to its substitute only after the product has been adopted and experienced. As such, an intervention that increases the probability of a first experience can have lasting effects. This article reports the results of a randomized field experiment conducted in collaboration with a health insurance company. During the intervention, half of the households out of 3,469 in the sample received periodic e-mails with information about the available services. It effectively increased the take-up and demand for telemedicine. Within the first 8 months of the experiment, patients assigned to the treatment group were 6 percentage points more likely to have used the service at least once (and had about five times the odds of using telemedicine compared to those in the control group). Eight months after the start of the intervention, the number of virtual consultations by the treatment group was six times larger than that of the control group. These results, even if limited by the sample and context in which the intervention took place, provide additional evidence about how information interventions can increase technological take-up within the health sector and could serve as the stepping stone for evaluating the impact of telemedicine on health outcomes causally.
Evolution vs. Creationism in the Classroom: The Lasting Effects of Science Education
Authors: Arold Benjamin W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Anti-scientific attitudes can impose substantial costs on societies. Can schools be an important agent in mitigating the propagation of such attitudes? This article investigates the effect of the content of science education on anti-scientific attitudes, knowledge, and choices. The analysis exploits staggered reforms that reduce or expand the coverage of evolution theory in U.S. state science education standards. I compare adjacent student cohorts in models with state and cohort fixed effects. There are three main results. First, expanded evolution coverage increases students’ knowledge about evolution. Second, the reforms translate into greater evolution belief in adulthood, but do not crowd out religiosity or affect political attitudes. Third, the reforms affect high-stakes life decisions, namely, the probability of working in life sciences.
Effects of institutional distrust on value estimates of stated preference surveys in developing countries: A choice experiment on conserving biodiversity within agricultural landscapes in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Manhique Henrique , Wätzold Frank 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The use of stated preference surveys for the valuation of environmental goods in developing countries has to take into account that there is substantial public distrust towards institutions providing environmental goods under valuation. Thus, high protest responses and low-value estimates may indicate rejection/protest against the institutional setting of the survey, rather than the dislike or low welfare effects of these goods. In this context, we investigate the effects of institutional trust on value estimates by examining the performance of three different institutions—government, conservation NGO, and farmers—in a case study aimed at eliciting preferences for conserving different types of biodiversity within orchards in the Cape Floristic Region—a biodiversity hotspot in South Africa threatened by the expansion and intensification of agriculture. We find that institutional trust has an effect on preferences and willingness to pay, with farmers leading to the highest level of trust and value estimates, followed rather closely by a conservation NGO, and, with some distance, by the government with the lowest trust level and value estimates. In terms of preferences for biodiversity conservation, our results show that respondents prefer measures to conserve endangered and endemic species over measures primarily aimed at providing ecosystem services. For future studies in developing countries, we recommend selecting an institutional setting based on the study's purpose: institutions with high levels of trust should be prioritised for studies aiming to value a good per se, while existing institutions should be prioritised for studies valuing a policy to provide a good within an existing institutional framework.
Recent trust cases in the Cayman Islands
Authors: Pursall Tony , Ostick William 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article discusses some of the trust cases that have come before the Cayman Islands Grand Court in 2023. It provides detailed summaries of the cases, which will be helpful for those needing to consider recent developments in particular areas of trust law in the Cayman Islands. The cases cover issues in relation to rectification, the continuation of proprietary injunctions, applications for directions when there is uncertainty as to the beneficial ownership of assets, the new statutory Hastings-Bass jurisdiction and the application of principles in determining the establishment of a Quistclose trust.
Predicting Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Cancer on Recurrent Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Veeranaraphanit Unyamanee , Saeaib Nungrutai , Srisintorn Wisarut 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To develop predictive models for endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in patients with recurrent abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study analyzed patients with recurrent AUB who had previous endometrial sampling that showed benign results between January 2013 and December 2021. A model was constructed from the significant factors associated with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer using multivariate logistic regression. Risk scores were calculated from the log odds of each significant predictive factor and were subsequently subcategorized into risk groups. The overall performance and internal validation of the model were assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and bootstrap methods.

RESULTS:
Of the total 456 patients with recurrent AUB, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer were detected in 8.3% and 2.2% of cases, respectively. The average interval between the first and second endometrial samplings was 25.1 months. Factors significantly associated with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer included age older than 45 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.86, 95% CI, 1.31–7.03), nulliparity (OR 3.50, 95% CI, 1.76–6.85), a history of endometrial polyp (OR 3.69, 95% CI, 1.93–7.05), and an interval of less than 12 months between sampling (OR 2.36, 95% CI, 1.25–4.42). Predictive factors were scored and categorized into three groups: 0–3, 5–8, and 9–11 points. The corresponding risks for endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in these groups were 4.7%, 15.5%, and 57.1%, respectively. The AUC was 73.1%, with a mean absolute error of 0.01.

CONCLUSION:
Endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer occur at low incidence among one-fifth of patients with AUB who experience recurrent bleeding. Older age, nulliparity, a history of endometrial polyps, and an interval of less than 12 months between samplings are predictive factors for endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in this cohort.
Compliance and satisfaction with BRCA surveillance in specialized clinics versus community follow-up
Authors: Vortman Rita , Echar Moran , Singer Amihood , Sagi-Dain Lena 
Published: June 2024

Objective
To assess adherence to medical follow-up protocols among BRCA1/2 carriers and compare outcomes between dedicated carrier clinics and community healthcare settings.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing an anonymous questionnaire within the ‘Good BRCA Genes – Support and Information Group for BRCA Carriers’ association. The questionnaire assessed adherence to recommended surveillance and satisfaction with various aspects of the follow-up.

Results
Of the 682 BRCA carriers surveyed, 68.5% reported fully adhering to recommended medical follow-up. Those not fully adhering cited bureaucracy challenges, scheduling difficulties, timing uncertainties, and difficulty remembering examination dates. Less than 50% were satisfied with appointment availability, scheduling, contact persons, and general practitioners’ knowledge of BRCA carrier risks and follow-up. The 417 women monitored in dedicated breast clinics reported notably higher optimal adherence to recommended surveillance (78.3 vs. 53.6%, P < 0.0001). In addition, they noted greater satisfaction with appointment availability (63.7 vs. 25.0%, P < 0.0001), appointment scheduling process (58.1 vs. 24.7%, P < 0.0001), availability of breast surgeons/gynecology specialists (67.4 vs. 50.8%, P < 0.0001), and availability of a contact person for consultations between appointments (53.5 vs. 20.8%, P < 0.0001).

Discussion
Our findings highlight the advantages of surveillance in dedicated BRCA1/2 clinics, including closer monitoring and increased satisfaction. Given the limited availability of such clinics and the growing number of BRCA1/2 carriers, the opening of additional dedicated clinics and the consideration of alternative surveillance-enhancing solutions, such as training healthcare professionals, using digital tools, and employing artificial intelligence, are essential.
Management of patients with CHB outside the guidelines: Insights from Egyptian cohort with long-term follow-up
Authors: Shiha Gamal , Soliman Riham , Hassan Ayman , Farahat Ahmed , Salem Ahmed , Taha Amr , Sabry Ramy , Geith Ahmed , Elshawaf Ahmed , Mikhail Nabiel 
Published: June 2024

It is alarming that globally, only 2.2% (6.6 million) of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) received treatment in 2019. One contributing factor to this low treatment rate is the complexity and restrictive nature of clinical practice guidelines. Since 1998, we have adopted a “treat-all” approach to patients with CHB. A retrospective study was conducted involving patients with CHB who received treatment from 1998 to 2020 at 2 institutions in Egypt. These patients underwent evaluation through various clinical and laboratory methods, which included testing for liver enzymes and HBV DNA. The study analyzed 1825 patients with HBV, finding that 27.4% had viremia levels under 2000 IU/mL. Most (88%) were HBeAg-negative, with 12% positive. A large portion (77.6%) had normal alanine aminotransferase levels, though 5.6% exceeded twice the upper limit of normal. About 14.2% were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, and 9.6% with F3 stage fibrosis at enrollment. Notably, 2% (25 cases) lost HBsAg over a median of 52 months. Patients with HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL had a higher HBsAg loss rate (4.2%) compared to those with levels >2000 IU/mL (1.3%). During follow-up, 9.5% (117 patients) experienced decompensation, with a higher incidence in those with HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL (16.8%) than those >2000 IU/mL (7.1%). HCC developed in 5.2% of patients with lower HBV DNA and 2.6% with higher levels, showing significant differences. Liver-related deaths occurred in 2.8% of the cohort, with a slightly higher rate in those with lower initial HBV DNA levels (3.5% vs. 2.5%). The findings suggest a paradigm shift in CHB management toward early and broader eligibility for antiviral therapy. This could improve patient outcomes and address the global treatment gap in CHB management, especially in regions with high CHB prevalence.
Diversity Drives Representation: An Internal Audit of Gender Representation in Citation Practices of a Single Surgical Laboratory
Authors: Fioranelli Gabriela A. , Lo Yunee , Jesch Anna K. , Laluzerne Matthew J. , Donnelly D’Andrea , Lyon Sarah M. , Dingle Aaron M. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Large-scale retrospective studies have identified implicit gender bias in citation behaviors across multiple medical fields. There are minimal resources to directly assess one’s own citation behavior before publication at a laboratory level. In this study, we performed an internal audit of our own citation practices and behavior, looking at the representation of authors by gender in our own bibliographies.

Methods:
Bibliographies were collated from our laboratory’s publications between 2015 and 2022 with a single senior author, who was excluded from participating in this study. Bibliographies were run through a simulation originally constructed and used by authors from the University of Pennsylvania that categorized authors of each article by gender: man or woman, according to external database records.

Results:
Of the 1697 citations, the first and last authorship sequences displayed to be 60.8% male/male, 10.1% male/female, 16.3% female/male and 12.8% female/female. Men-led articles within our laboratory cited 67.4% male/male articles in their bibliographies compared with women-led articles citing 53.9%. All laboratory bibliographies consisted of 77.1% male senior authors compared with 22.9% female senior authors.

Conclusions:
Our data confirm that a gender bias in citation practices exists at the laboratory level. Promisingly, these data also indicate that diversity within an individual laboratory group leads to diversity in representation; therefore, diversifying a team of researchers is prone to improve the overall work and success of the laboratory. We encourage laboratory groups to challenge their own biases by replicating their own results and discovering how these biases might be impacting their publications.