bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified capillary electrophoresis nanospray sheath‐flow interface for high efficiency and sensitive peptide analysis
Authors: Wojcik Roza , Dada Oluwatosin O. , Sadilek Martin , Dovichi Norman J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe report a simple nanospray sheath‐flow interface for capillary electrophoresis. This interface relies on electrokinetic flow to drive both the separation and the electrospray; no mechanical pump is used for the sheath flow. This system was interfaced with an LCQ mass spectrometer. The best results were observed with a 2‐µm diameter emitter tip and a 1‐mm spacing between the separation capillary tip and the emitter tip. Under these conditions, mass detection limits (3σ) of 100 amol were obtained for insulin receptor fragment 1142‐1153. The separation efficiency exceeded 200,000 plates for this compound. The relative standard deviation generated during continual infusion of a 50 µM solution of angiotensin II was 2% for the total ion count and 3% for the extracted ion count over a 40‐min period. Finally, the interface was also demonstrated for negative ion mode. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of isobaric product ions in electrospray ionization mass spectra of fentanyl using multistage mass spectrometry and deuterium labeling
Authors: Wichitnithad Wisut , McManus Terence J. , Callery Patrick S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIsobaric product ions cannot be differentiated by exact mass determinations, although in some cases deuterium labeling can provide useful structural information for identifying isobaric ions. Proposed fragmentation pathways of fentanyl were investigated by electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry coupled with deuterium labeling experiments and spectra of regiospecific deuterium labeled analogs. The major product ion of fentanyl under tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) conditions (m/z 188) was accounted for by a neutral loss of N‐phenylpropanamide. 1‐(2‐Phenylethyl)‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (1) was proposed as the structure of the product ion. However, further fragmentation (MS3) of the fentanyl m/z 188 ion gave product ions that were different from the product ion in the MS/MS fragmentation of synthesized 1, suggesting that the m/z 188 product ion from fentanyl includes an isobaric structure different from the structure of 1. MS/MS fragmentation of fentanyl in deuterium oxide moved one of the isobars to 1 Da higher mass, and left the other isobar unchanged in mass. Multistage mass spectral data from deuterium‐labeled proposed isobaric structures provided support for two fragmentation pathways. The results illustrate the utility of multistage mass spectrometry and deuterium labeling in structural assignment of isobaric product ions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric characterization of metal triflates and triflimides (Lewis superacid catalysts) by electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Monfardini Ilaria , Massi Lionel , Tremel Pascale , Hauville Agnès , Olivero Sandra , Duñach Elisabet , Gal Jean‐François 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTrifluoromethylsulfonate (triflate) and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (triflimide) salts, well‐known Lewis acid catalysts, present some difficulty in their characterization. By using nitromethane as the solvent, useful electrospray mass spectra in positive and negative ion mode were obtained for salts of metals in oxidation states +2 and +3. In positive mode, addition of a strong Lewis base (triphenylphosphine oxide, TPPO), capable of displacing a triflate (TfO−) or a triflimide (Tf2N−) anion, is necessary for obtaining useful spectra. Under these conditions of solvent and added ligand, the most abundant ions were [M2+(A−)(TPPO)2]+ or [M3+(A−)2(TPPO)2]+ with A− = TfO− or Tf2N−. The MS/MS spectra of these diagnostic ions provide additional analytical information. The breakdown curves, in the form of % dissociated as a function of the ion activation energy, offer a mean for investigating the bonding in these ions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and performance of an evolved gas analysis ion attachment mass spectrometer
Authors: Takahashi Seiji , Tsukagoshi Masamichi , Kitahara Yuki , Juhász Márta , Fujii Toshihiro 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe designed a simple evolved gas analysis (EGA) system to act as a sampler between solid samples at atmospheric pressure and the high vacuum inside a mass spectrometer. The newly designed stainless steel system is simple, small and rugged and fulfills all the basic requirements for EGA. The temperature is programmable with 60°C/min as the maximum heating rate and the temperature range is up to 600°C. With this system coupled with lithium ion attachment mass spectrometry (IAMS), it is possible to study the temperature‐programmed decomposition of a number of solid materials by detecting any chemical species on a real‐time basis. For illustrative purposes, EGA‐IAMS experiments of polyethylene polymers have been conducted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid probe and isolation of bioactive compounds from Dioscorea panthaica using human serum albumin functionalized magnetic nano‐particles (HSA‐MNPs)‐based ligand fishing coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Qing Lin‐Sen , Shan Xiao‐Qing , Xu Xue‐Min , Xue Ying , Deng Wen‐Long , Li Bo‐Gang , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Liao Xun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe chemical diversity of secondary metabolites in medicinal plant makes it a huge challenge to isolate the bioactive compounds from herbal extracts, so quick recognition of the bioactive ones is of vital importance for improving the efficiency of isolation. In this study, a ligand fishing experiment based on human serum albumin functionalized magnetic nano‐particles (HSA‐MNPs) was performed to probe the bioactive components in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Dioscorea panthaica. The minor compounds fished out by HSA‐MNPs were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and then separated from the extract of the whole plant by one or two steps of column chromatography under the guidance of ESI‐MS. Four biologically active compounds, progenin II, progenin III, dioscin and gracillin, were isolated much faster than in the normal lengthy phytochemical procedure. The present study demonstrates that biological macromolecule (protein, enzyme, receptor, et al.) functionalized MNPs may serve as baits to recognize bioactive small molecules in complex herbal extracts. It is expected that a macromolecule functionalized MNPs‐based ligand fishing experiment coupled with ESI‐MS may accelerate the process of identification and isolation of bioactive components from medicinal plants, and thus benefit the speed of drug discovery. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the topographic niche differentiation on the coexistence of major and minor species in a species‐rich temperate forest
Authors: Suzuki Maki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTopographic niche differentiation (TND) is believed to facilitate the coexistence of tree species, but its effects are not well established for minor species or for life stages beyond recruitment. In this study, the effects of topography (slope inclination and topographic configuration) on the demographic parameters (mortality, diameter growth rate and recruitment rate) of both major and minor species in a species‐rich temperate forest were examined using a mixed‐model approach. The model selection analysis detected interspecies difference in the response of recruitment rate to topographic configuration. However, mortality and diameter growth rate of stems with DBH ≥ 5 cm did not show any species‐specific response to two topographic parameters. The recruitment rate of major species tended to be higher under topographic conditions where many stems of the species already existed, suggesting significant habitat segregation. No such correlation was found for minor species. These results suggest TND has a limited effect on habitat segregation among species, and that other mechanisms also contributed to coexistence, especially when considering minor species.
Calcium carbonate suppresses haem toxicity markers without calcium phosphate side effects on colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Allam Ossama , Bahuaud Diane , Taché Sylviane , Naud Nathalie , Corpet Denis E. , Pierre Fabrice H. F. 
Published: December 2010

Red meat intake is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. We have previously shown that haemin, Hb and red meat promote carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), in the colon of rats. We have also shown that dietary calcium phosphate inhibits haemin-induced promotion and normalises faecal lipoperoxides and cytotoxicity. Unexpectedly, high-calcium phosphate control diet-fed rats had more preneoplastic lesions in the colon than low-Ca control diet-fed rats. The present study was designed to find a Ca supplementation with no adverse effect, by testing several doses and types of Ca salts. Onein vitrostudy and two short-term studies in rats identified calcium carbonate as the most effective Ca salt to bind haemin vitroand to decrease faecal biomarkers previously associated with increased carcinogenesis: faecal water cytotoxicity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. A long-term carcinogenesis study in dimethylhydrazine-injected rats demonstrated that a diet containing 100 μmol/g calcium carbonate did not promote ACF, in contrast with a previously tested calcium phosphate diet. The results suggest that calcium carbonate, and not calcium phosphate, should be used to reduce haem-associated colorectal cancer risk in meat eaters. They support the concept that the nature of the associated anion to a protective metal ion is important for chemoprevention.
Effect of the dietary polyphenolic fraction of chicory root, peel, seed and leaf extracts on caecal fermentation and blood parameters in rats fed diets containing prebiotic fructans
Authors: Juśkiewicz Jerzy , Zduńczyk Zenon , Żary-Sikorska Ewa , Król Bogusław , Milala Joanna , Jurgoński Adam 
Published: December 2010

The aim of this 28 d experiment was to examine the physiological response of growing rats to a dietary combination of prebiotic chicory fructans, with polyphenols originating from different parts of the chicory plant, i.e. roots, root peels, seeds and leaves. A total of forty rats were assigned to groups fed the following diets characterised by a similar content of oligofructose and inulin: control, with 10 % of a root extract (a low level of dietary polyphenols, 0·05 %), with 6·5 % of a root peel extract (a medium level of dietary polyphenols, 0·107 %), with a combination of 8 % of a peel extract and 0·8 % of a seed extract (a high level of dietary polyphenols, 0·208 %) and with 2·5 % of a leaf extract (a medium level of dietary polyphenols, 0·106 %, with chicoric acid constituting half of them). Chicory seeds are the richest source of polyphenols, especially abundant in dicaffeoylquinic acids. When applied as a dietary supplement, the mixture of monocaffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acids, from the extracts made of roots, root peels and seeds, elicited more favourable changes in parameters of the antioxidative status of the body and in the activity of bacterial β-glucuronidase in the faeces and caecal digesta. In turn, the extract from chicory leaves, containing considerable quantities of chicoric acid and polyphenolic glycosides, apart from chlorogenic acids, also triggered desirable changes in the lipid profile of the blood serum. The high concentration of polyphenols in the extracts examined enables their application as dietary supplements to be administered in low doses.
RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG UNMARRIED YOUNG PEOPLE IN CAMEROON: ANOTHER LOOK AT FAMILY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: DIMBUENE ZACHARIE TSALA , DEFO BARTHELEMY KUATE 
Published: December 2010

SummaryMost studies of the association between family structure and risky sexual behaviour among adolescents and young adults have employed a risk perspective which assumes that, compared with other types, two-parent families are protective. Drawing from a positive-oriented approach in this study, it is hypothesized that within each family type some influential factors may mitigate such anticipated deleterious effects of non-intact families and decrease sexual risk-taking. The paper examines specifically the effects of risk and protective factors with an emphasis on family processes associated with resilience, using data from a pooled sample of 1025 females and males aged 12–24 years from Bandjoun (West Cameroon). Findings show that the quality of parent/guardian–youth relationships significantly decreases the odds of risky sexual behaviour by 36%, 65% and 50% in neither-, one- and two-parent families, respectively. For two-parent families only, parental control acts as a significant protective factor; it decreased by 41% the odds of risky sexual behaviour. Programmatically, protective family factors such as parent/guardian–youth interactions need to be promoted to improve the efficiency of reproductive health and HIV interventions in sub-Saharan Africa.
From the Heyang Model to the Shaanxi Model: Action Research on Women's Participation in Village Governance
Authors: Xiaoxian Gao 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the fifth village elections in 2003 in Shaanxi province only 184 women were elected as village heads, a mere 0.6 per cent of the total. By the sixth elections in 2006 the number had almost doubled, and by the seventh elections in 2009 it had increased to 544. Together with the women on village Party committees, there were now 1,193 women village officials throughout the province, 4.5 per cent of the total. In contrast to leading women cadres within the formal structures of the political system, these village heads owed their positions not to nomination by upper levels of Party and government leadership but to success in fiercely competitive elections. Their success was the result of a grass-roots movement launched by a civil organization, the Shaanxi Research Association for Women and Family, to mobilize women's political participation. Their activities and trajectories had an impact on the local gender division of labour and entrenched gender attitudes that far surpassed the numbers alone. This article examines the collaboration between the Shaanxi Research Association for Women and Family and the All-China Women's Federation to mobilize women's political participation in Heyang county, Shaanxi province. It particularly focuses on the role of the Research Association in drawing on international feminist practices of women's empowerment to provide participatory based gender training courses as the key to persuading women to confront local and institutional resistance. Collaboration between the Research Association and the Women's Federation opened up access to significant resources both within and outside the system, creating new spaces for the articulation and protection of women's rights. Originating in a grass-roots movement, this collaboration can be seen as an instance of China's contemporary movement for gender equality.
The Gender of Communication: Changing Expectations of Mothers and Daughters in Urban China
Authors: Evans Harriet 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the flow of the material, cultural and moral influences shaping contemporary Chinese society, individual desires for emotional communication are reconstituting the meaning of the subject, self and responsibility. This article draws on fieldwork conducted in Beijing between 2000 and 2004 to discuss the gendered dimensions of this process through an analysis of the implications of the “communicative intimacy” sought by mothers and daughters in their mutual relationship. What could be termed a “feminization of intimacy” is the effect of two distinct but linked processes: on the one hand, a market-supported naturalization of women's roles, and on the other, the changing subjective articulation of women's needs, desires and expectations of family and personal relationships. I argue that across these two processes, the celebration of a communicative intimacy does not signify the emergence of more equal family or gender relationships, as recent theories about the individualization and cultural democratization of daily life in Western societies have argued. As families and kin groups, communities and neighbourhoods are physically, spatially and socially broken up, and as gender differences in employment and income increase, media and “expert” encouragement to mothers to become the all-round confidantes, educators and moral guides of their children affirms women's responsibilities in the domestic sphere. Expectations of mother–daughter communication reshape the meaning – and experience – of the individual subject in the changing character of the urban family at the same time as they reinforce ideas about women's gendered attributes and the responsibilities associated with them.
Apparent-time evolution of /l/ in one African American community
Authors: van Hofwegen Janneke 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the wake of numerous analyses of vowels in African American English (AAE), this study examines acoustically the phonetic production of a consonant—the word-initial lateral /l/—across several generations of speakers from a long-standing African American community in central North Carolina. The results of the study show that /l/ is darker in younger AAE speakers than in older ones, independent of phonetic context. Comparisons with ex-slave recordings suggest that a light variant of /l/ may be a substrate feature of AAE that has changed in recent decades. Additional comparisons with regional European Americans suggest that the darkening may be due to convergence with majority American English dialects.
The Politics of Intercountry Adoption: Explaining Variation in the Legal Requirements of Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Breuning Marijke , Ishiyama John 
Published: December 2010

What determines whether a country has more or less restrictive policies regarding intercountry adoption? Despite the growing importance of intercountry adoption as a political issue, and as an explicitly human face of globalization, there is virtually no systematic empirical work on intercountry adoption. We introduce a measure of the restrictiveness of the adoption laws in Sub-Saharan African countries and test possible explanations for the variations in legal restrictions on intercountry adoption among these countries.Factors that are commonly cited as explanations for the restrictiveness of intercountry adoption policies do not hold up very well in our assessment. Openness to adoption is not determined by the severity of the orphan crisis or the AIDS crisis within the sending country, nor are democratic countries more responsive to the needs of their orphans. Additionally, African signatories to the Hague Convention, which aimed to increase transparency and accountability in intercountry adoption, tend to be among the most restrictive. On the other hand, a stronger connection with the global economy is associated with greater openness to intercountry adoption. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for orphans and for intercountry adoption.
Opn5 is a UV-sensitive bistable pigment that couples with Gi subtype of G protein
Authors: Yamashita Takahiro , Ohuchi Hideyo , Tomonari Sayuri , Ikeda Keiko , Sakai Kazumi , Shichida Yoshinori 
Published: December 2010

Opn5 (neuropsin) belongs to an independent group separated from the other six groups in the phylogenetic tree of opsins, for which little information of absorption characteristics and molecular properties of the members is available. Here we show that the chicken Opn5 (cOpn5m) is a UV-sensitive bistable pigment that couples with Gi subtype of G protein. The recombinant expression of cOpn5m in HEK 293s cells followed by the addition of 11-
cis
- and
all-trans
-retinal produced UV light-absorbing and visible light-absorbing forms, respectively. These forms were interconvertible by UV and visible light irradiations, respectively, indicating that cOpn5m is a bistable pigment. The absorption maxima of these forms were estimated to be 360 and 474 nm, respectively. The GTPγS binding assay clearly showed that the visible light-absorbing form having
all-trans
-retinal activates Gi type of G protein, whereas no Gt or Gq activation ability was observed. Immunohistochemical studies using an antibody against cOpn5m clearly showed that this pigment is localized within some types of amacrine cells and some cells in the ganglion cell layer of the retinas, the vast majority of cells in the pineal gland and serotonin-positive cells in the paraventricular organ. Because cOpn5m is the only UV-sensitive opsin among the opsins found so far in chicken, this study provides the molecular basis for UV reception in chicken.
No Effect of a Selective Serotonergic/Noradrenergic Reuptake Inhibitor on Endurance Performance
Authors: Piacentini Maria Francesca , Meeusen Romain , Buyse Luk , De Schutter Guy , De Meirleir Kenny 
Published: December 2010

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a selective serotonin/noradrenaline (5‐HT/NA) reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) on exercise performance. Seven well‐trained male cyclists completed 2 time trials in a doubleblind randomized crossover design ingesting either placebo (PLAC) or 2 × 37.5 mg of Venlafaxine (VEN). Blood samples were collected for adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), beta‐endorphins, and catecholamines and were taken at rest, at 30‐min time intervals, at the end of exercise, and during recovery. Performance was not influenced by the SNRI (VEN: 92 min ± 3 min, PLAC: 92 min ± 1 min). Lactate concentrations, heart rate, and fatigue scores were not different between trials. All hormones increased during exercise in both trials. In the VEN trial, ACTH, beta endorphins, and NA concentrations were higher. The results from the present study demonstrate that a SNRI is not able to affect endurance performance in well‐trained cyclists. However, it seems as though the hormonal response to the combination of the pharmacological manipulation and exercise is regulated more by the noradrenergic drive.