bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain phenotypes in two FGFR2 mouse models for Apert syndrome
Authors: Aldridge Kristina , Hill Cheryl A. , Austin Jordan R. , Percival Christopher , Martinez‐Abadias Neus , Neuberger Thomas , Wang Yingli , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractApert syndrome (AS) is one of at least nine disorders considered members of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) ‐1, ‐2, and ‐3–related craniosynostosis syndromes. Nearly 100% of individuals diagnosed with AS carry one of two neighboring mutations on Fgfr2. The cranial phenotype associated with these two mutations includes coronal suture synostosis, either unilateral (unicoronal synostosis) or bilateral (bicoronal synostosis). Brain dysmorphology associated with AS is thought to be secondary to cranial vault or base alterations, but the variation in brain phenotypes within Apert syndrome is unexplained. Here, we present novel three‐dimensional data on brain phenotypes of inbred mice at postnatal day 0 each carrying one of the two Fgfr2 mutations associated with AS. Our data suggest that the brain is primarily affected, rather than secondarily responding to skull dysmorphogenesis. Our hypothesis is that the skull and brain are both primarily affected in craniosynostosis and that shared phenogenetic developmental processes affect both tissues in craniosynostosis of Apert syndrome. Developmental Dynamics 239:987–997, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Photoisomerization of Azocalixarenes with Dendritic Structures
Authors: Galán Hitos , Hennrich Gunther , de Mendoza Javier , Prados Pilar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of dendricalixarenes 1 and 2 containing azo groups at the upper rim of a calix[4]‐ or calix[6]arene and the corresponding model compounds 3–5 are described. Because the kinetics of the trans to cis isomerization were too fast for accurate determination of the rate constant, this parameter was obtained from the reverse cis to trans process, which was studied in two different solvents by either a photoinduced or a thermal process. On the basis of the UV/Vis absorption measurements, the global rate constants (k) for calixarenes 1b, 1c, and 2b, obtained for the two different mechanisms (photoinduced and thermal processes), are of the same order of magnitude as that for models 3b and 4b. Compound 5b with an expanded cavity recognizes N‐methylpyridinium guests. The 1:1 stoichiometry for the complex of 4‐(4‐dimethylaminostyryl)‐N‐methylpyridinium iodide (DASPMI) with 5b was confirmed by Job plot analysis. Fluorescence spectroscopic titrations gave Ka = 3.76 × 105 M–1. As expected, receptors 1b, 1c, and 2b (with the azo groups in the trans configuration) did not lead to complexation of any of the substrates. Similarly, conversion into the respective cis isomers caused structural changes that were too large to allow efficient complexation.
A new BVM based approach to transient security assessment
Authors: Mohammadi M. , Gharehpetian G. B. , Raoofat M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMachine Learning techniques have been extensively used in Power Systems Analysis during the last years. This paper describes a ball vector machine based algorithm for on‐line transient security assessment of large‐scale power systems. The proposed ball vector machine based security assessment reduces the training time and space complexities in comparison with support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and other machine learning based algorithms. In addition, the proposed algorithm has less support vectors and therefore is faster than existing algorithms for on‐line applications. A new decision tree based feature selection technique has been presented, too. The proposed ball vector machine based algorithm has been applied to New England 39‐bus test system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for on‐line transient security assessment procedure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of stability in moving particle semi‐implicit method
Authors: Kondo Masahiro , Koshizuka Seiichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMoving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method is one of the particle methods, which can be used to analyze incompressible free surface flow without surface tracking by a mesh or a scalar quantity. However, MPS causes unphysical numerical oscillation of pressure with high frequencies. We proposed a new formulation for the source term of Poisson equation of pressure. The proposed source term consists of three parts, one main part and two error‐compensating parts. With proper selection of the coefficients for the error‐compensating parts, we can suppress the unphysical pressure oscillation. Smoother pressure distributions are obtained in hydrostatic pressure and dam break problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cures for numerical shock instability in HLLC solver
Authors: Huang Kuibang , Wu Hao , Yu Heng , Yan Dong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed two methods to cure the numerical shock instability for HLLC Riemann solver in two‐dimension finite volume Euler codes. One method (Ren Yu‐Xin, Computers and Fluids 2003; 32:1379–1403) uses the rotated method and another one (Hao Wu et al., submitted) is the hybrid method. Taking into account the efficiency, accuracy and robustness, the hybrid method is better than rotated method for HLLC solver. A series of test problems prove this conclusion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AC‐Impedance Investigation of Different MEA Configurations for Passive‐Mode DMFC Mini‐Stack Applications
Authors: Baglio V. , Stassi A. , Matera F. V. , Kim H. , Antonucci V. , Aricò A. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMembrane‐electrode assemblies (MEAs) characterised by different hydrophobic–hydrophilic properties were investigated in a passive Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) monopolar mini‐stack at room temperature. These properties were modulated by varying the amount of Nafion or replacing the ionomer in the catalytic layer with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Impedance spectroscopy provided valuable information with respect to the limiting processes occurring during fuel cell operation. Methanol crossover, especially in the presence of high methanol concentration, played a major role in determining the overall performance. The development of a methanol impermeable membrane appears crucial for increasing the performance of DMFC devices for portable applications.
One‐Step Preparation of Pt on Pretreated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Wu J. , Hu F. , Shen P. K. , Li C. M. , Wei Z. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFor the first time, intermittent microwave heating (IMH) is a one‐step technique applied to pretreat the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in H2O2 solution. The approach does not require washing and filtration of the sample, thus significantly reducing the loss of the material and treatment time. The IMH associated with H2O2 treatment, is optimised to fabricate efficient support for Pt electrocatalyst. Both as‐received and treated MWCNTs are used as Pt electrocatalyst supports, respectively. It demonstrates that the treated MWCNTs supported Pt has much better electrocatalytic performance than that of untreated MWCNTs supported Pt. The Pt on MWCNTs treated with an IMH irradiation mode in 10 s on and 20 s off for 5 times, shows the best performance for methanol oxidation. This work provides a novel approach to simply and economically fabricate an efficient MWCNT support at a large scale, for high performance Pt electrocatalysts.
The physical environment influences neuropsychiatric symptoms and other outcomes in assisted living residents
Authors: Bicket Mark C. , Samus Quincy M. , McNabney Mathew , Onyike Chiadi U. , Mayer Lawrence S. , Brandt Jason , Rabins Peter , Lyketsos Constantine , Rosenblatt Adam 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the number of elderly residents living in assisted living (AL) facilities is rising, few studies have examined the AL physical environment and its impact on resident well‐being. We sought to quantify the relationship of AL physical environment with resident outcomes including neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), quality of life (QOL), and fall risk, and to compare the effects for demented and non‐demented residents.MethodsProspective cohort study of a stratified random sample of 326 AL residents living in 21 AL facilities. Measures included the Therapeutic Environmental Screening Scale for Nursing Homes and Residential Care (TESS‐NH/RC) to rate facilities and in‐person assessment of residents for diagnosis (and assessment of treatment) of dementia, ratings on standardized clinical, cognitive, and QOL measures. Regression models compared environmental measures with outcomes. TESS‐NH/RC is modified into a scale for rating the AL physical environment AL‐EQS.ResultsThe AL Environmental Quality Score (AL‐EQS) was strongly negatively associated with Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) total score (p < 0.001), positively associated with Alzheimer Disease Related Quality of Life (ADRQL) score (p = 0.010), and negatively correlated with fall risk (p = 0.042). Factor analysis revealed an excellent two‐factor solution, Dignity and Sensory. Both were strongly associated with NPI and associated with ADRQL.ConclusionThe physical environment of AL facilities likely affects NPS and QOL in AL residents, and the effect may be stronger for residents without dementia than for residents with dementia. Environmental manipulations that increase resident privacy, as well as implementing call buttons and telephones, may improve resident well‐being. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An overview of the field and modelling studies on the effects of forest devastation on flooding and environmental issues
Authors: Onda Yuichi , Gomi Takashi , Mizugaki Shigeru , Nonoda Toshiro , Sidle Roy C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntensive field observations as well as monitoring of discharge, water quality, and soil erosion have been conducted in forest plantations in order to identify the effects of forest cover and management practices on runoff generation, sediment transport, and downstream environmental issues. Five experimental catchments, each with rather uniform lithology, were established in both managed and unmanaged plantations of Japanese cypress and cedar, as well as broadleaf forests. Field monitoring was conducted from sub‐plots (e.g. splash cups) to small hillslope plots (0·5 × 2 m) to large hillslope‐scale plots to first order streams (0·1–4 ha) and finally to larger catchments (>4 ha) in a nested structure. Remote sensing techniques were employed to identify broad scale forest stand and soil surface conditions. As part of this integrated study, these field‐based monitoring and remote sensing techniques provide information for modelling runoff generation and developing adaptive management schemes with respect to catchment‐scale water resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability of surface runoff generation and infiltration rate under a tree canopy: indoor rainfall experiment using Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
Authors: Nanko Kazuki , Onda Yuichi , Ito Akane , Ito Shun , Mizugaki Shigeru , Moriwaki Hiromu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo estimate the variability of surface runoff generation and the infiltration rate on a bare surface in a forested area, indoor experiments were conducted using 13 runoff boxes and a single transplanted Japanese cypress tree (9·8 m in height) in a large‐scale rainfall simulator with spray nozzles (at a height of 16 m). The surface runoff was measured for applied rainfall and for 12 kinds of throughfall with different intensities and kinetic energy (KE) (found among measuring points and canopy structures). While no surface runoff was observed for the applied rainfall, surface runoff was observed for throughfall in each runoff box. Compared with the applied rainfall, the throughfall had larger drops due to canopy drip generation and thus had higher kinetic energy, which decreased the infiltration capacity. The maximum stable infiltration rate (IRMAX) was lowest for throughfall (44·2 mm h−1). Surface runoff generation and infiltration rates varied greatly under the canopy, even though the rainfall applications were identical and the runoff boxes had identical initial soil properties. The variability of IRMAX, ranging from 44·2 to 120·2 mm h−1, was caused by the variability of the throughfall intensity and kinetic energy. The index showing the best correlation to IRMAX was the effective unit kinetic energy (KE0 mm: J m−2 mm−1). The prediction of surface runoff generation in a forested area requires estimations of the spatial variations of the amount and kinetic energy of throughfall. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of slope angle on splash detachment in an unmanaged Japanese cypress plantation forest
Authors: Mizugaki Shigeru , Nanko Kazuki , Onda Yuichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA field investigation of the effects of rainfall and slope angle on splash detachment was conducted for 5 months, using 27 splash cups in a Japanese cypress plantation in southern Japan. The unit, kinetic energy of throughfall (J m−2 mm−1), was found to be constant and independent of rainfall intensity, indicating that splash detachment can be related to both throughfall intensity and soil slope. The linear correlation coefficient was highly significant for both the maximum throughfall intensity over 1 h (RI1h) and the average splash detachment of all splash cups, although individual cups varied widely. No consistent relationship was found between the splash detachment rate and slope angle for individual periods. This variation in the relationship between splash detachment and slope angle was attributed to the effect of soil crusting and ponding on splash detachment. Splash detachment on a gentler slope (14° ) exhibited a strong relationship with the maximum throughfall intensity lasting for short periods of 10–30 min. In contrast, the splash detachment from slopes > 35° highly correlated with the maximum throughfall intensity over 3 h. This suggests that a longer period is required to prevent the splash detachment due to ponded water on steeper slopes. On gentler slopes, prolonged rainfall may result in a higher ponding depth, thereby reducing raindrop impact and causing less splash detachment. Thus, under forest canopies, the effect of slope angle on the rainfall parameter should be incorporated into future splash erosion models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting forest degradation in Kochi, Japan: ground‐based measurements versus satellite (Terra/ASTER) remote sensing
Authors: Matsushita Bunkei , Xu Ming , Onda Yuichi , Otsuki Yuna , Toyota Mai 
Published: January 2010

AbstractForest degradation, due mainly to poor management, is of increasing concern in Japan. Major ecosystem functions, such as biodiversity, productivity, and soil and water retention, are being lost or weakened in Japan's forests, especially in Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis Obtusa Sieb.) plantations. Detecting forest degradation is critical to the restoration of the ecosystem in the Kochi area, but ground‐based detection methods are labour intensive and difficult to implement in mountainous areas. In this study we examined the ecological characteristics (e.g. soil water content (SWC) and leaf water content) of degraded and healthy forests, based on in situ measurements and controlled experiments, and present a new method for mapping forest degradation based on remote sensing techniques. A field survey was carried out to record the locations and conditions of the degraded Japanese cypress plantations. Empirical relationships among the degraded plantation, SWC, fuel moisture content (FMC), and vegetation indices (VIs) were investigated by field survey and control experiments. We found that the SWC of the degraded Japanese cypress plantations was lower than that of the well‐managed Japanese cypress plantations. We also found that the SWC, FMC, and VI are highly correlated (R > 0·80). In addition to the ground investigation, we used the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) data and compared a number of VIs to determine their relationships to the biophysical/biochemical attributes of vegetation canopies. Our results showed that the ASTER thermal band was the most effective method used to detect degraded Japanese cypress plantations in the study area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of the water budget in upstream and midstream regions of the Yellow River, China
Authors: Ma Xieyao , Fukushima Yoshihiro , Yasunari Tetsuzo , Matsuoka Masayuki , Sato Yoshinobu , Kimura Fujio , Zheng Hongxing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Yellow River, the main source of water for the North and Northwest China, showed a marked decrease in runoff during the 1990s compared to that in the 1980s. Since the basin is extensive, covering many different climatic zones with various land uses, the hydrological processes are very complex. It is necessary to develop and verify a detailed water budget in order to understand changes in the hydrological processes within the basin. In this paper, we describe a hydrological model that considers five categories of land use. The calibration and verification of the model were carried out at two independent watersheds (Tangnaihai, 120 000 km2 and Lushi, 6400 km2). The results from the model represent the hydrographs and annual runoffs at two gauge stations over a relatively long‐term period (18 years at Tangnaihai and 21 years at Lushi). The model was applied to other watersheds of the Yellow River basin above Huayuankou station, and water budget components in each region were analysed. The results indicate only a small change in evapotranspiration, but a marked decrease in precipitation, which was significant in all of the analysed areas except the Lanzhou‐Toudaoguai inter‐watershed area. Water use for agricultural irrigation was stable throughout the entire simulation period. A numerical experiment of water conservation for the whole basin above Huayuankou station demonstrated that if the number of irrigation days was reduced by 20, 40 or 60%, the amount of water used could be reduced by 26·6, 52·1 or 80·7%, compared to the current situation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity and identifiability of stream flow generation parameters of the SWAT model
Authors: Cibin R. , Sudheer K. P. , Chaubey I. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractImplementation of sensitivity analysis (SA) procedures is helpful in calibration of models and also for their transposition to different watersheds. The reported studies on SA of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model were mostly focused on identifying parameters for pruning or modifying during the calibration process. This paper presents a sensitivity and identifiability analysis of model parameters that influence stream flow generation in SWAT. The analysis was focused on evaluating the sensitivity of the parameters in different climatic settings, temporal scales and flow regimes. The global sensitivity analysis (GSA) technique based on classical decomposition of variance, Sobol', was employed in this study. The results of the study indicate that modeled stream flow show varying sensitivity to parameters in different climatic settings. The results also suggest that the identifiability of a parameter for a given watershed is a major concern in calibrating the model for the specific watershed, as it might lead to equifinality of parameters. The SWAT model parameters show varying sensitivity in different years of simulation suggesting the requirement for dynamic updation of parameters during the simulation. The sensitivity of parameters during various flow regimes (low, medium and high flow) is also found to be uneven, which suggests the significance of a multi‐criteria approach for the calibration of models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parenting behaviour as a mediator between young children's negative emotionality and their anxiety/depression
Authors: van der Bruggen Corine O. , Stams Geert Jan J. M. , Bögels Susan M. , Paulussen‐Hoogeboom Marja C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe goal of this longitudinal study was to examine observed paternal and maternal control (psychological control and autonomy granting) and support (rejection and emotional warmth) as mediators of the relation between children's negative emotionality at 3.5 years of age and depression and anxiety problems at 4.5 years. For 35 children, 60‐min unstructured parent–child interactions were rated at 4.5 years. Results indicated that maternal rejection mediated the relation between children's negative emotionality and their later anxiety/depression. Higher levels of child negative emotionality predicted more psychological control in mothers, but did not predict any parenting behaviours in fathers. Higher levels of paternal autonomy granting were associated with more child anxiety/depression. Unexpectedly, however, more maternal emotional warmth was related to higher levels of child anxiety/depression. The findings offer new insights to guide future research on the (mediating) role of parenting behaviours in the relation between children's negative emotionality and their internalizing problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiochemical and biological characteristics of 99mTc‐difloxacin and 99mTc‐pefloxacin for detecting sites of infection
Authors: Motaleb M. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe optimization of the radiolabeling yield of ciprofloxacin analogous, difloxacin and pefloxacin, with 99mTc was described. At pH 4, difloxacin was labeled with 99mTc with a labeling yield of 95.6% by adding 99mTc to 5 mg difloxacin in the presence of 100 µg SnCl2·2H2O whereas 99mTc‐pefloxacin was labeled (98.1%) by adding 99mTc to 4 mg pefloxacin in the presence of 50 µg SnCl2·2H2O. The radiochemical purity for both labeled compounds was evaluated with ITLC and HPLC system. Biological distribution of 99mTc‐difloxacin and 99mTc‐pefloxacin was carried out in experimentally induced infection rats, in the left thigh, using Staphylococcus aureus. Both thighs of the rats were dissected and counted and the ratio of bacterial infected thigh/contralateral thigh was then evaluated. T/NT for both 99mTc‐difloxacin and 99mTc‐pefloxacin was found to be 5.5±0.5 and 4.9±0.3, respectively, which was higher than that of the commercially available 99mTc‐ciprofloxacin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.