bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next-generation sequencing in Charcot-Marie-Tooth: a proposal for improvement of ACMG guidelines for variant evaluation
Authors: Geroldi Alessandro , Mammi Alessia , Gaudio Andrea , Patrone Serena , La Barbera Andrea , Origone Paola , Ponti Clarissa , Sanguineri Francesca , Massucco Sara , Marinelli Lucio , Grandis Marina , Schenone Angelo , Mandich Paola , Bellone Emilia , Gotta Fabio 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe application of massive parallel sequencing technologies in the molecular analysis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) has enabled the rapid and cost-effective identification of numerous potentially significant variants for diagnostic purposes. The objective is to reduce the number of variants, focusing only on those with pathogenic significance. The 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines aid in achieving this goal, but it is now evident that a pathology or gene-specific review of these rules is essential to avoid misinterpretations that may result from blindly applying the criteria. This study demonstrates how revised ACMG criteria, combined with CMT-specific literature data and expertise, can alter the final classification of a variant.MethodsWe reviewed ACMG criteria based on current knowledge of CMT and provided suggestions for adapting them to the specificities of CMT.ResultsOf the 226 index patients analysed, a diagnostic yield of 20% was obtained. It is worth noting that the 9% of cases had their final diagnosis changed with the application of the revised criteria, often resulting in the loss of the pathogenic classification of a variant.ConclusionsThe widespread availability of high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled genetic testing even for laboratories without specific disease expertise. Disease-specific ACMG criteria can be a valuable tool to prevent the proliferation of variants of uncertain significance and the misinterpretation of variants.
Unnecessary antibiotic use in men who have sex with men (MSM) with anogenital symptoms attending a sexual health clinic: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Wong Arthur , Applegate Tanya , Boettiger David Charles , Varma Rick , Guy Rebecca , Medland Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
To quantify the amount of unnecessary antibiotics, in particular ceftriaxone, given to men who have sex with men (MSM) with anogenital symptoms as part of presumptive management in an urban sexual health clinic and examine factors associated with unnecessary ceftriaxone.

Methods
This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of electronic records from all visits involving MSM reporting symptoms of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) and who received presumptive antibiotics at Sydney Sexual Health Centre. The following variables were extracted: demographic and sexual behaviour data, presenting symptoms, prior STI diagnoses, use of anoscopy, use of point-of-care microscopy, prescriptions of antibiotics and subsequent nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) results for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in all anatomical sites (urethra, pharynx and rectum). We defined unnecessary antibiotic as an agent prescribed to treat an STI organism that was subsequently not detected.

Results
Among 1061 visits in this analysis, 41.8% yielded negative NAAT results for both chlamydia and gonorrhoea in all anatomical sites. There were 44.3% of visits which had positive gonorrhoea NAAT result in at least one anatomical site. There were 187 courses of ceftriaxone prescribed in patients who tested negative for gonorrhoea in all anatomical sites and therefore were unnecessary. Unnecessary ceftriaxone prescribing occurred in 50.2% of visits with anorectal symptoms, 19.6% of scrotal symptoms and 7.3% of urethral symptoms. Microscopy was associated with significantly less unnecessary ceftriaxone in urethral but not anorectal or scrotal presentations. In multivariable analysis, the following factors were associated with a higher likelihood of unnecessary ceftriaxone use: anorectal symptoms, scrotal symptoms, gonorrhoea in the preceding year, contact of a bacterial STI and living with HIV.

Conclusions
This study highlights the significant amount of unnecessary ceftriaxone used for STI symptoms in MSM. A new pathway incorporating rapid point-of-care molecular testing in symptomatic patients may improve the precision of antibiotic prescribing and reduce unnecessary use.
Making sexual and reproductive healthcare environments safe and supportive for disclosure of sexual violence: interview findings from patients and healthcare professionals using a realist approach
Authors: Caswell Rachel J , Ross Jonathan DC , Bradbury-Jones Caroline 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesMost people who have experienced sexual violence (SV) will disclose the event(s) to someone. Key recipients of disclosure are those working in healthcare. Telling someone in healthcare about experiences of SV can be an important step in accessing necessary medical care and being signposted to other services. While recognising healthcare settings are a key place for people to seek support, evidence is lacking about how best to create a safe environment for disclosure to take place, how services can make changes to better facilitate this experience and what changes matter most.DesignThis study used a realist approach to identify mechanisms that facilitate safe and supported disclosure. Data were generated through three focus groups with Sexual and Reproductive Health Services healthcare professionals in the UK, and one-to-one interviews with survivors of SV who attended healthcare settings (n=18).ResultsThe analysis found that service users needed to feel empowered and recognised as appropriate candidates for care in the material used to promote sexual healthcare services after SV. This promotional material needs to address rape myths, stereotypes and silence surrounding SV, to ensure that all individuals and especially those from diverse groups are empowered to access care. Three fundamental mechanisms for safe and supported disclosure were identified: being listened to, being validated and having choice. Trauma-informed care was identified as being essential for implementing these mechanisms. Healthcare professionals who were confident and competent regarding enquiry about SV and response to disclosures of SV were key.ConclusionsThe development of services that are conducive to the disclosure of SV is needed to provide better support for those who have experienced SV and are ready to seek support. Use of appropriate promotional material, specific staff training and a trauma-informed approach are key elements to improve services.
Switching from cigarettes to IQOS: the relative importance of IQOS-associated reward, reinforcement and abstinence relief
Authors: Audrain-McGovern Janet , Wileyto E Paul , Klapec Olivia , Koita Fodie , Strasser Andrew A 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThis study investigated whether IQOS, a heated tobacco product, can fully substitute for combustible cigarettes and the factors that promote substitution.MethodsAdults who smoked cigarettes daily (N=90; 21–65 years) completed a baseline ad-lib smoking period (days 1–5), two laboratory visits (days 6–7) and a 2-week period where they were instructed to switch from smoking cigarettes to using IQOS 3.0 (days 8–21). Mixed-effect modelling estimated the changes in cigarettes per day (CPD) and the percentage of baseline CPD substituted by HeatSticks during the switch period. Predictors included IQOS-associated subjective reward, relative reinforcing value, craving relief and withdrawal relief.ResultsParticipants reduced their CPD to about 30% of their baseline smoking rate by the end of the 14-day switch period (p<0001). A lower versus higher reinforcing value of smoking relative to IQOS (RRV; break point <5 vs ≥5) predicted greater reductions in CPD (β=−1.31 (95% CI −2.35 to −0.27) p=0.013). Initially, IQOS use was 72% of the baseline smoking rate (β=71.64 (95% CI 42.79 to 100.48) p<0.0001) and climbed by 0.8% per day (β=0.82 (95% CI 0.01 to 1.64) p=0.05), for an average substitution rate of 83%. The subjective reward of IQOS was the only predictor of a higher substitution rate (β=4.26 (95% CI 1.03 to 7.50) p=0.01).ConclusionsIQOS fully substituted for cigarettes in ~20% of people who were not immediately interested in quitting smoking while the remainder significantly reduced their smoking. Positive reinforcing effects of IQOS foster use and the transition away from combustible cigarettes.Trial registration numberNCT05076708.
Models of the Sea Surface Height Expression of the Internal-Wave Continuum
Authors: Samelson R. M. , Farrar J. T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Several models are presented for the sea surface height (SSH) signature of the interior-ocean internal-wave continuum. Most are based on the Garrett–Munk internal-wave model. One is derived from the frequency spectrum of dynamic height from mooring observations. The different models are all plausibly consistent with accepted dynamical and semiempirical spectral descriptions of the climatological interval-wave field in the interior ocean, but they result in different proportionalities between interior and SSH spectral energy levels. The differences arise in part from differences in the treatment of near-surface stratification, and a major source of uncertainty for all the models comes from inadequately constrained assumptions about the energy in the low-vertical-mode internal-wave field. Most of these models suggest that the SSH signature of the internal-wave continuum will be visible in SSH measurements from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) wide-swath satellite altimeter. Temporal variability of internal-wave energy levels and the internal-wave directional spectrum are less well characterized but will also be consequential for the observability of internal-wave signals in SWOT data.
Driving pressure association with mortality in post-lung transplant patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Xuan Chenhao , Gu Jingxiao , Chen Jingyu , Xu Hongyang 
Published: June 2024

Objective To investigate the association between driving pressure (ΔP) and 90-day mortality in patients following lung transplantation (LTx) in patients who developed primary graft dysfunction (PGD). Methods This prospective, observational study involved consecutive patients who, following LTx, were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2022 to January 2023. Patients were separated into two groups according to ΔP at time of admission (i.e., low, ≤15 cmH2O or high, >15 cmH2O). Postoperative outcomes were compared between groups. Results In total, 104 patients were involved in the study, and of these, 69 were included in the low ΔP group and 35 in the high ΔP group. Kaplan-Meier analysis of 90-day mortality showed a statistically significant difference between groups with survival better in the low ΔP group compared with the high ΔP group. According to Cox proportional regression model, the variables independently associated with 90-day mortality were ΔP and pneumonia. Significantly more patients in the high ΔP group than the low ΔP group had PGD grade 3 (PGD3), pneumonia, required tracheostomy, and had prolonged postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) time, postoperative ventilator time, and ICU stay. Conclusions Driving pressure appears to have the ability to predict PGD3 and 90-day mortality of patients following LTx. Further studies are required to confirm our results.
Comparison of the overall survival of different treatment methods in patients with Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Pakmanesh Hamid , Khajehsalimi Azadeh , Hesamarefi Mohammadamin , Ebadzadeh Mohamad reza , Bazrafshan Azam , Malekpourafshar Reza , Mirzaei Mahboubeh , Daneshpajouh Azar , Shahesmaeili Armita , Eslami Nazanin 
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Bladder-Sparing Approach was presented in patients who are not willing or not suitable for Radical Cystectomy (RC). There have been inconsistencies in the literature regarding the comparison of survival rates of these two methods. Our objective is to evaluate the survival rate of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) undergoing different treatment methods. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: A secondary care, multicenter study in Kerman, Iran 2008 to 2016. Participants: All 200 patients who were diagnosed with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and were admitted to our hospitals. Patients with inaccessible medical files and patients with pathologies other than TCC were excluded. Main outcome measures: Radical cystectomy and different methods of bladder preservation were compared based on their survival rate. Interventions: Radical cystectomy or bladder preservation Results: Overall survival of the patients was 2 years [95% CI: 1.37–2.63]. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with MIBC was 32%. Having a 6.4 years overall survival, the RC group showed the highest survival compared with others ( p = 0.01); the overall survival of patients undergoing TMT, TURT, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy monotherapy was 3.15 years [95% CI: 2.242–4.061], 4.06 [95% CI: 3.207–4.931], 2.58 [95% CI: 1.767–3.399], and 3.14 [95% CI: 1.614–4.672] years, respectively. Patients younger than 65 undergoing RC had an overall survival of 7 years, compared with 2 years for the TMT group. ( p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The Bladder-Preservation method, as a replacement for RC, showed a lower overall survival rate in our study. A prospective randomized clinical trial may declare the best treatment.
Labor Intensification and Value Production: A Rejoinder
Authors: Basu Deepankar , Haas Cameron , Moraitis Thanos 
Published: June 2024

In this note, we provide a rejoinder to Rieu (2024), which had presented a critical commentary on our analysis of the intensification of labor in Basu, Haas, and Moraitis (2024). JEL Classification: B51, C02
Microstructure design and mechanical properties of TiCx-Cu cermets prepared by infiltration method
Authors: Lei Cong , Zhai Hongxiang , Jin Fangwei , Xiong Bin , Wei Shanxiang , Zhang Ping 
Published: June 2024

TiCx-Cu cermets with various ceramic structures were prepared by infiltrating method. In this study, the effects of grain size and porosity of the preforms on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the cermets were investigated. Meanwhile, the interface between Cu and TiCx was studied. In the process of infiltration, TiC0.5 grains were eroded by the metal phases due to the reactive wetting behavior, resulting in the scattered structure of ceramics in the cermets. Compared to cermets reinforced by scattered TiC, fracture forms of TiCx-Cu cermets with the co-continuous structure included cleavage fracture of ceramic grain, ductile fracture of metal, phase interface separation between metal and ceramic, and metal root pulling out in ceramic grains. The co-continuous TiCx-Cu cermets could reduce the damage of cracks and improve the fracture toughness of the cermets through crack deflection, crack bifurcation, metal bridging, and metal pinning. In this study, cermets with 72 vol% content of TiC reached a flexural strength and fracture toughness of 914 ± 102 MPa and 11.3 ± 0.3 MPam1/2, respectively. The excellent mechanical properties are attributed to the firm interface strength and the unique structure.
Social impacts experienced by women with HIV and infertility in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Lawson Kyla , Zablotska-Manos Iryna 
Published: June 2024

Background In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) prevalence among reproductive-aged women remains high, and infertility among these women is common. The social consequences for these women are yet to be explored. This scoping review summarises the social consequences of living with HIV and infertility for SSA women. Methods This scoping review of published peer-reviewed literature focused on the intersection of infertility and living with HIV among women in SSA. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS and included all original research reports which met the inclusion criteria; women in Sub-Saharan Africa, living with HIV, and infertility. Results Fourteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Both HIV diagnosis and infertility were reported as stigmatising experiences for women who desire to have children. The stigma of infertility had a greater negative impact on women than that of an HIV diagnosis. Familial, community support, and medical intervention were perceived vital to ensure women feel de-stigmatised and in control of their future, even without children. Conclusion This is the first review demonstrating the social consequences of HIV and infertility on SSA women. Further research and interventions are needed to reduce the social consequences of infertility within SSA.
Primary human papillomavirus testing by clinician- versus self-collection: Awareness and acceptance among cervical cancer screening-eligible women
Authors: MacLaughlin Kathy L. , Jenkins Gregory D. , St Sauver Jennifer , Fan Chun , Miller Nathaniel E. , Meyer Amanda F. , Jacobson Robert M. , Finney Rutten Lila J. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives Primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing by clinician-collection is endorsed by U.S. guideline organizations for cervical cancer screening, but uptake remains low and insights into patients’ understanding are limited. This study aims to primarily address patient awareness of primary HPV screening by clinician-collection and acceptance of primary HPV screening by clinician- and self-collection, and secondarily assess factors associated with awareness and acceptance. Setting Primary care practices affiliated with an academic medical center. Methods A cross-sectional survey study of screening-eligible women aged 30–65 years was conducted to assess awareness and acceptability of primary HPV screening. We analyzed bivariate associations of respondent characteristics with awareness of primary HPV screening by clinician-collection, willingness to have clinician- or self-collected primary HPV testing, and reasons for self-collection preference. Results Respondents (n = 351; response rate = 23.4%) reported cervical cancer screening adherence of 82.8% but awareness of clinician-collected primary HPV as an option was low (18.9%) and only associated with HPV testing with recent screening ( p = 0.003). After reviewing a description of primary HPV screening, willingness for clinician-collected (81.8%) or home self-collected (76.1%) HPV testing was high, if recommended by a provider. Acceptability of clinician-collected HPV testing was associated with higher income ( p = 0.009) and for self-collection was associated with higher income ( p = 0.002) and higher education ( p = 0.02). Higher education was associated with reporting self-collection as easier than clinic-collection ( p = 0.02). Women expected self-collection to be more convenient (94%), less embarrassing (85%), easier (85%), and less painful (81%) than clinician-collection. Conclusions Educational interventions are needed to address low awareness about the current clinician-collected primary HPV screening option and to prepare for anticipated federal licensure of self-collection kits. Informing women about self-collection allows them to recognize benefits which could address screening barriers.
Peripherally inserted central catheter malposition into the azygos vein: A case series report and review of the literature
Authors: Luo Mengna , Wu Zhenming , Fan Yuying 
Published: June 2024

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are frequently utilized for extended intravenous treatments. However, complications such as incorrect placement into the azygos vein can result in significant health issues. A thorough understanding of these aspects is crucial to enhance the safety and effectiveness of PICC procedures, thereby improving patient care outcomes. Methods: The research was conducted on a cohort of 12 patients who experienced PICC malposition into the azygos vein. Systematically reviewed information on classification, imaging manifestations, potential influencing factors, and methods for identification, prevention, and management. Results: The analysis uncovered two PICC malposition classifications within the azygos vein, each with unique imaging characteristics. It also pinpointed several factors influencing malposition, offering valuable insight into potential risks. Moreover, it established effective detection methods, underscoring the significance of imaging techniques. Additionally, it outlined strategies for preventing and managing PICC malposition in the azygos vein, enhancing overall comprehension of the issue. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of taking a proactive stance to avoid malposition and stress the necessity of prompt and precise intervention when malposition does happen, thereby enhancing the safety and effectiveness of PICC processes.
Knowledge, attitude and practices about pharmacovigilance activities among hospital nurses: a multicentre cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mahfodz Mira Marina , Siddiqui Sania , Zainal Hadzliana 
Published: June 2024

Background: The national pharmacovigilance (PV) system has been established in many countries worldwide following the thalidomide tragedy. Nurses have an important role in recognising and reporting any Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR); however, their role has not been widely explored, particularly in Southeast Asian countries. Aims: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) about PV activities, along with barriers and facilitators that affect ADR reporting among hospital nurses in Malaysia. The present study also explores the relationship between demographic characteristics and predictors of KAP among hospital nurses in Malaysia. Methods: A multicentre, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in March–May 2021, among nurses working at tertiary care hospitals in Malaysia. Results: The mean KAP score of study participants was 57 ± 11. Overall participants had poor ADR knowledge (37.4%), and poor reporting practices (48.9%). Age >30 years (AOR = 2.7 (1.13–6.8), p = 0.02), and working experience of greater than 10 years (AOR = 2.44 (1.08–5.52), p  = 0.03), were significantly associated with good ADR knowledge and reporting practices among study participants. Conclusions: In summary, study findings offer valuable insight for developing targeted interventions and formal training to improve nurses’ ADR knowledge and reporting practices. Addressing gaps in these areas can enhance patient safety and overall healthcare quality.