bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐strength, recyclable and healable polyurea/aramid fiber elastomeric composites
Authors: Wang YingBo , Liu YiHong , Zhao ChangBao , Xu ZhaoYang , Gu GeGe , Meng QingShi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe demanding and rigorous modern work environments present significant challenges to the protective capabilities of engineering materials. Polyurea elastomers often face limitations in terms of inadequate strength and a lack of weather resistance, however, polyurea composites holds great promise in addressing these issues. This study prepared modified ultrafine aramid short fibers using a mechanochemical method. Subsequently, in‐situ polymerization was utilized to combine the modified ultrafine aramid short fibers (M‐AF) with polyurea, resulting in the synthesis of a composite material characterized by recyclability, robust weather resistance, and favorable mechanical properties. Subsequently, intensive researches were conducted on the mechanical properties, recyclability, self‐healing performance, weather resistance, and chemical medium resistance of the composites. The composite at 0.1 wt% of M‐AF exhibited improvements in tensile strength (27.2 ± 0.8 MPa) as well as obviously enhanced impact performance (428.8 ± 6 kJ/m2), and recovered most of its mechanical properties after recycling and self‐healing. Moreover, the composite exhibits excellent weather resistance and chemical resistance, enabling it to uphold its exceptional protective performance even in the face of challenging environments.Highlights
Ultrafine aramid fibers were prepared using a simple mechanochemical method.
Mechanochemical methods were employed to surface modify aramid fibers.
The composites have good strength, recyclability, weather resistance.
Fully 3D printed dielectric elastomer actuators based on silicone and its composites
Authors: Zhang Ercong , Pang Tianqi , Zhang Yaxin , Huang Fang , Gong Min , Lin Xiang , Wang Dongrui , Zhang Liang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) is one of the most promising types of soft actuation technology, which has great potential in the fields of wearable devices and soft robotics. It consists of a dielectric elastomer layer, which is an electroactive polymer that can produce large deformation, and compliant electrodes to bring charges to certain locations. In this article, direct ink writing (DIW) technology, an emerging 3D printing method, was used to realize the preparation of the electrode‐elastomer‐electrode stack of the DEA. The dielectric and electrode materials were designed with suitable rheological properties to fulfill the need for the extrusion process. The formulated silicone material not only presented excellent dielectric and mechanical properties, but also good printability. Extrudable electrodes were prepared based on silicone composites with the characteristics of mechanical compliance and high conductivity. The fully printed DEA achieved a maximum actuation strain of 11.11%, a fast response time of 0.76 s and excellent electromechanical repeatability. DEA arrays were also achieved, possessing the ability to carry out on‐demand actuation, allowing each actuator to be activated singly or work in groups. Thanks to the design freedom of the DIW technology, this strategy is able to manufacture fine and complex structures with precise active zones, paving a way for the fabrication of next‐generation smart devices.Highlights
Printable silicone ink was formulated with good dielectric property and softness.
Carbon black/silicone composites were obtained with high conductivity and compliant nature.
The silicone composites were printed into thin films to act as electrodes.
Fully 3D printed dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) were achieved by direct ink writing.
DEA arrays with on‐demand actuation were realized by well‐defined printing.
Excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation in polyimide/graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Fu Shiyun , Ma Haihong , Ren Fengmei , Zhou Zhengfa , Fang Liguang , Xu Weibing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolymer composites with heat resistance, good thermal conductivity, and insulation properties can meet the special needs of electronics and electrical appliances. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are coated by polydopamine (PDA). 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), and 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) in‐situ polymerize to prepare poly(amide acid) (PAA) containing thermally conductive yet insulating fillers (PDA@GO, PDA@CNTs). As the concentration of fillers in PI composites increases, the thermal conductivity rises, but the insulation property decreases. Keeping the filler content constant and varying the ratio of PDA@GO and PDA@CNTs, the thermal conductivity increases and then decreases. When PDA@GO and PDA@CNTs have a mass ratio of 10:1, the significant synergistic effect affects the thermal conductivity. The PI/PG10C1–25 sample has a thermal conductivity of 1.46 W/(m·K), which is 6.9 times greater than the pure PI. Additionally, the volume resistivity, dielectric permittivity, and dielectric loss (100 kHz) of PI/PG10C1–25 are 2.8 × 1013 Ω cm, 5.4 and 0.28, respectively. The heat resistance of PI composites is almost the same as that of pure PI. Given these outstanding attributes, the developed PI composites offer vast applications in many fields.Highlights
Synergistic PDA@GO and PDA@CNTs (10:1) optimize thermal conductivity.
PI/PG10C1–25 achieves 6.9 times higher thermal conductivity than pure PI.
Volume resistivity of PI/PG10C1–25 reaches 2.8 × 1013 Ω·cm.
Dielectric permittivity of PI/PG10C1–25 reaches 5.4 at 100 kHz.
Developed PI composites maintain excellent heat resistance.
Feasibility of continued treatment with dupilumab in patients with type 2 inflammatory disease who developed eosinophilic pneumonia: 3 case reports
Authors: Hamakawa Masamitsu , Tanaka Ayaka , Tokioka Fumiaki , Ishida Tadashi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeveral reports have described dupilumab‐induced eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) after treatment with dupilumab in patients with type 2 inflammatory disease. Other reports have suggested the efficacy of dupilumab for chronic EP (CEP). Whether dupilumab can be continued in patients with type 2 inflammatory disease who develop EP during dupilumab treatment remains unclear. We present herein three cases with different clinical presentations involving dupilumab and EP. In Case 1, dupilumab was discontinued because of dupilumab‐induced EP during the treatment of asthma. In Case 2, although pre‐existing idiopathic EP worsened during the treatment of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), dupilumab was continued. In Case 3, CEP and ECRS were successfully treated with dupilumab and corticosteroids were discontinued. In conclusion, treatment with dupilumab in patients with type 2 inflammatory disease and idiopathic EP is worth considering if the benefits are deemed to outweigh the risks and careful attention is given to the clinical course.
3D evaluation model of facial aesthetics based on multi‐input 3D convolution neural networks for orthognathic surgery
Authors: Ma Qingchuan , Kobayashi Etsuko , Jin Siao , Masamune Ken , Suenaga Hideyuki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative evaluation of facial aesthetics is an important but also time‐consuming procedure in orthognathic surgery, while existing 2D beauty‐scoring models are mainly used for entertainment with less clinical impact.MethodsA deep‐learning‐based 3D evaluation model DeepBeauty3D was designed and trained using 133 patients' CT images. The customised image preprocessing module extracted the skeleton, soft tissue, and personal physical information from raw DICOM data, and the predicting network module employed 3‐input‐2‐output convolution neural networks (CNN) to receive the aforementioned data and output aesthetic scores automatically.ResultsExperiment results showed that this model predicted the skeleton and soft tissue score with 0.231 ± 0.218 (4.62%) and 0.100 ± 0.344 (2.00%) accuracy in 11.203 ± 2.824 s from raw CT images.ConclusionThis study provided an end‐to‐end solution using real clinical data based on 3D CNN to quantitatively evaluate facial aesthetics by considering three anatomical factors simultaneously, showing promising potential in reducing workload and bridging the surgeon‐patient aesthetics perspective gap.
Using systems thinking to understand the experiences of overseas‐trained teachers in Australia
Authors: Datta Roy Sushmita , Standing Craig 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany overseas‐trained teachers (OTTs) migrate to Australia in search of different lifestyles and career challenges and are encouraged to do so by the Australian government to partly address the acute teacher shortage that is labelled by some as a crisis. In their endeavour to find suitable teaching positions in public secondary schools, OTTs often confront multiple challenges. This study explores the different issues that 12 OTTs experienced after obtaining a teaching position in public secondary schools in Australia. An instrumental case study was the chosen methodology. Data were collected through 12 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews and researcher generated field notes. Systems thinking concepts are employed to identify the various systems that interact and provide the context for individual teachers in the classroom. The results indicate that participants experienced the following challenges: apparent lack of effective in‐school induction and mentoring, student behaviour management issues: pedagogical and cultural dissonance and perceived workplace harassment and discrimination. Much of the analysis and guidance for successful classroom teaching emphasises appropriate strategies that should be used by the teacher. From our analysis, we argue that these alone do not account for either success or failure in the classroom. The wider school system, family and community structures, State/Federal Education Department, regional and national economies and socio‐cultural factors all have an important role to play yet are beyond the influence of the individual teacher. The systems thinking approach offers a way forward to create effective solutions to address the problems faced by OTT and also avert a major crisis in public secondary schools. However, despite all of the challenges OTTs faced, the majority were grateful for their multiple positive and rewarding experiences in Australia.
Untersuchung zur Detektion von Oberflächenkorrosion an Schrauben mithilfe von piezoelektrischen Wandlern
Authors: Sahm Daniel , Pak Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDie Studie untersucht die Anwendbarkeit von piezoelektrischen Wandlern zur zerstörungsfreien Detektion von Oberflächenkorrosion an Schrauben. Grundlage dieser Methode ist die Messung elektromechanischer Impedanzspektren, die sich infolge variierender Strukturzustände verändern und grundsätzlich eine Bewertung des Strukturzustands ermöglichen. Im Rahmen der Studie wurden zur Eignungsprüfung experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen an vier HV‐Schraubengrößen nach DIN EN 14399‐4 durchgeführt. Es konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Verschiebung der Resonanzamplitude der Schrauben und dem Korrosionsgrad hergestellt werden. Weiterhin wurde ein annähernd linearer Trend zwischen der Änderung des Schaftquerschnitts und der Verschiebung der Resonanzamplitude beobachtet. Darüber hinaus konnte die Entwicklung der Impedanzspektren erfolgreich durch eine numerische Simulation reproduziert werden. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen einen vielversprechenden Ansatz für eine automatisierte und kosteneffiziente Überwachung der Oberflächenkorrosion von Schrauben. Die Integration dieser Technologie könnte in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen zu erheblichen Kosteneinsparungen und erhöhter Sicherheit führen, insbesondere bei der Überwachung schwer zugänglicher, korrosionsgefährdeter Bereiche.
Conformal perturbation theory for n-point functions: structure constant deformation
Authors: Burrington Benjamin A. , Zadeh Ida G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We consider conformal perturbation theory for n-point functions on the sphere in general 2D CFTs to first order in coupling constant. We regulate perturbation integrals using canonical hard disk excisions of size ϵ around the fixed operator insertions, and identify the full set of counter terms which are sufficient to regulate all such integrated n-point functions. We further explore the integrated 4-point function which computes changes to the structure constants of the theory. Using an sl(2) map, the three fixed locations of operators are mapped to 0, 1, and ∞. We show that approximating the mapped excised regions to leading order in ϵ does not lead to the same perturbative shift to the structure constant as the exact in ϵ region. We explicitly compute the correction back to the exact in ϵ region of integration in terms of the CFT data. We consider the compact boson, and show that one must use the exact in ϵ region to obtain agreement with the exact results for structure constants in this theory.
Topology change and non-geometry at infinite distance
Authors: Demulder Saskia , Lüst Dieter , Raml Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The distance conjecture diagnoses viable low-energy effective realisations of consistent theories of quantum gravity by examining their breakdown at infinite distance in their parameter space. At the same time, infinite distance points in parameter space are naturally intertwined with string dualities. We explore the implications of the distance conjecture when T-duality is applied to curved compact manifolds and in presence of (non-)geometric fluxes. We provide evidence of how divergent potentials signal pathological infinite distance points in the scalar field space where towers of light states cannot be sustained by the curved background. This leads us to suggest an extension to the current statement of the Swampland distance conjecture in curved spaces or in presence of non-trivial fluxes supporting the background.
Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus from the Nostrils of Healthy Hosts Identifies Zoonotic Transmission
Authors: Abdullahi Idris Nasir , Lozano Carmen , Zarazaga Myriam , Latorre-Fernández Javier , Hallstrøm Søren , Rasmussen Astrid , Stegger Marc , Torres Carmen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLinezolid resistance in Enterococcus spp. is increasingly considered critically important and a public health threat which mandates the need to understand their genomic contents and dissemination patterns. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing to characterize the resistome, virulome and mobile genetic elements of nine linezolid-resistant (LZDR) enterococci (seven optrA-E. faecalis, one poxtA-E. faecium and one optrA-E. casseliflavus) previously obtained from the nares of healthy dogs, pigs, pig farmers and tracheal samples of nestling storks in Spain. Also, the relatedness of the isolates with publicly available genomes was accessed by core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The optrA gene of the E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus isolates was located downstream of the fexA gene. The optrA gene in the E. casseliflavus isolate was carried in a plasmid (pURX4962), while those in the seven E. faecalis isolates were chromosomally located. The OptrA proteins were mostly variants of wild type (DP-2: Y176D/T481P; RDK: I104R/Y176D/E256K; DD-3: Y176D/G393D; and EDD: K3E/Y176D/G393D), except two that were wild type (one E. faecalis and one E. casseliflavus). The poxtA gene in the E. faecium isolate was found alone within its contig. The cfrD was upstream of ermB gene in the E. casseliflavus isolate and flanked by ISNCY and IS1216. All the LZDR enterococci carried plasmid rep genes (2–3) containing tetracycline, chloramphenicol and aminoglycoside resistance genes. All isolates except E. casseliflavus carried at least one intact prophage, of which E. faecalis-ST330 (X4957) from a pig carried the highest (n = 5). Tn6260 was associated with lnuG in E. faecalis-ST330 while Tn554 was with fexA in E. feaecalis-ST59 isolates. All except E. casseliflavus (n = 0) carried at least two metal resistance genes (MRGs), of which poxtA-carrying E. faecium-ST1739 isolate contained the most (arsA, copA, fief, ziaA, znuA, zosA, zupT, and zur). SNP-based analyses identified closely related optrA-E. faecalis isolates from a pig and a pig farmer on the same farm (SNP = 4). Moreover, optrA- carrying E. faecalis-ST32, -ST59, and -ST474 isolates from pigs were related to those previously described from humans (sick and healthy) and cattle in Spain, Belgium, and Switzerland (SNP range 43–86). These findings strongly suggest the transmission of LZDR-E. faecalis between a pig and a pig farmer and potential inter-country dissemination. These highlight the need to strengthen molecular surveillance of LZDR enterococci in all ecological niches and body parts to direct appropriate control strategies.
Whole genome sequencing in (recurrent) glioblastoma: challenges related to informed consent procedures and data sharing
Authors: Hasner Mira C. , van Opijnen Mark P. , de Vos Filip Y. F. , Cuppen Edwin , Broekman Marike L. D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Increased use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in neuro-oncology for diagnostics and research purposes necessitates a renewed conversation about informed consent procedures and governance structures for sharing personal health data. There is currently no consensus on how to obtain informed consent for WGS in this population. In this narrative review, we analyze the formats and contents of frameworks suggested in literature for WGS in oncology and assess their benefits and limitations. We discuss applicability, specific challenges, and legal context for patients with (recurrent) glioblastoma. This population is characterized by the rarity of the disease, extremely limited prognosis, and the correlation of the stage of the disease with cognitive abilities. Since this has implications for the informed consent procedure for WGS, we suggest that the content of informed consent should be tailor-made for (recurrent) glioblastoma patients.
Deep neural network expressivity for optimal stopping problems
Authors: Gonon Lukas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article studies deep neural network expression rates for optimal stopping problems of discrete-time Markov processes on high-dimensional state spaces. A general framework is established in which the value function and continuation value of an optimal stopping problem can be approximated with error at most $\varepsilon $
ε
by a deep ReLU neural network of size at most $\kappa d^{\mathfrak{q}} \varepsilon ^{-\mathfrak{r}}$
κ

d
q

ε

−
r

. The constants $\kappa ,\mathfrak{q},\mathfrak{r} \geq 0$
κ
,
q
,
r
≥
0
do not depend on the dimension $d$
d
of the state space or the approximation accuracy $\varepsilon $
ε
. This proves that deep neural networks do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality when employed to approximate solutions of optimal stopping problems. The framework covers for example exponential Lévy models, discrete diffusion processes and their running minima and maxima. These results mathematically justify the use of deep neural networks for numerically solving optimal stopping problems and pricing American options in high dimensions.
The usability and user experience of an interactive e-learning platform to empower older adults when using electronic personal health records: an online intervention study
Authors: Perotti Luis , Stamm Oskar , Dietrich Michael , Buchem Ilona , Müller-Werdan Ursula 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince the introduction of the electronic Personal Health Record (ePHR) in Germany in 2021, usage rates among those with statutory health insurance have remained below 1%. The patient-administered conception of the ePHR presents access barriers, particularly for older adults. This study aimed to evaluate an e-learning platform as an empowerment tool for ePHR usage, tailored toward older adults. In this explorative study, a micro-learning-based prototype platform for effective utilization of the ePHR was evaluated through both an online (n = 53) and a face-to-face (n = 6) intervention. The usability of the e-learning platform was measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and user experience with the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). The mean rating in the SUS was 67.9 in the online group and 70.4 in the face-to-face group. For participants of the online group, only the perspicuity subscale of the UEQ was rated above average compared to the benchmark. There was a strong positive correlation between usability and the perception of how learning content was presented, as measured by the eHealth Impact Questionnaire, in the online group (p = < 0.001, r(40) = 0.72). An investigation of the face-to-face group helped identify key usability challenges. The results of our study suggest that aspects of the target group-oriented design of the learning platform, in particular, still need to be improved. The insights gleaned from this study will contribute to the ongoing development of the learning platform in subsequent phases. Future studies will investigate the platform’s effectiveness in empowering older adults.Trial Registration The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (registration number: DRKS00029700) and received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (application number: EA1/081/22).
COVID-19 prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation: a scoping review of key concepts for future pandemic preparedness
Authors: Formica Valentina , Piccinni Armando , Saraff Giovanni , Zafar Ali , Mayer Gwendolyn , Hummel Svenja , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik , Durán Raquel Losada , Muñoz Elisa Sáez , Domínguez Laura Martínez , de Almeida Rosa Maria Resende , Conotter Valentina , Sebastiani Maddalena , Janssen Niels , Duits Annelien 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aim
This scoping review explores key concepts related to the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of COVID-19, offering insights for future pandemic preparedness and response strategies.

Subject and methods
A scoping review was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, EBSCO (CINAHL, APA PsycINFO), and Cochrane. The results were filtered for papers published in English, German, Italian, Spanish, and Dutch until 31 December 2022. Eighty-one articles were selected for the scoping review. Moreover, gray literature on guidelines was retrieved from reports by each country’s main institution for pandemic management, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Results
From the analyzed articles several key points emerged, highlighting main issues facing the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges in prevention include emphasizing airborne precautions, addressing diverse adherence to social distancing, and overcoming challenges in digital contact tracing. In the realm of treatment, essential considerations include personalized patient management and the significance of holistic care. Rehabilitation efforts should prioritize post-COVID conditions and explore suggested management models. Addressing the social impact involves recognizing psychological effects, advocating for quality improvement initiatives, and for the restructuring of public health systems.

Conclusion
This scoping review emphasizes the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global and European population, resulting in a significant death toll and widespread long-term effects. Lessons learned include the critical importance of coordinated emergency management, transparent communication, and collaboration between health authorities, governments, and the public. To effectively address future public health threats, proactive investment in infrastructure, international collaboration, technology, and innovative training is crucial.