bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of novel grafted cellophane‐phosphoric acid‐doped membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel‐cell applications
Authors: Abu‐Saied M. A. , Elzatahry A. A. , El‐Khatib K. M. , Hassan E. A. , El‐Sabbah M. M. , Drioli E. , Mohy Eldin M. S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis work concerns preparation of acid‐base polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel‐cell applications from cellulosic backbones for the first time. Grafted cellophane‐phosphoric acid‐doped membranes for direct oxidation methanol fuel cells (DMFC) were prepared following three steps. The first two steps were conducted to have the basic polymers. The first step was introducing of epoxy groups to its chemical structure through grafting process with poly(glycidylmethacrylate) (PGMA). The second step was converting the introduced epoxy groups to imides groups followed by phosphoric acid (PO3H) doping as the last step. This step significantly contributes to induce ion exchange capacity (IEC) and ionic conductivity (IC). Chemical changes of the cellophane composition and morphology characters were followed using FTIR, TGA, and SEM analysis. Different factors affecting the membranes characters especially IEC, methanol permeability, and thermal stability were investigated and optimized to have the best preparation conditions. Compared to Nafion 117 membrane, cellophane‐modified membranes show a better IEC, less methanol permeability, and better mechanical and thermal stability. IEC in the range of 1–2.3 meq/g compared to 0.9 meq/g per Nafion was obtained, and methanol permeability has been reduced by one‐order magnitude. However, the maximum obtained IC for cellophane‐PGMA‐grafted membrane doped with phosphoric acid was found 2.33 × 10−3 (S cm−1) compared to 3.88 × 10−2 (S cm−1) for Nafion 117. The obtained results are very promising for conducting further investigations taking into consideration the very low price of cellophane compared to Nafion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A critical reflection on the success of rearing and culturing juvenile freshwater mussels with a focus on the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera L.)
Authors: Gum Bernhard , Lange Michael , Geist Juergen 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Freshwater mussels are in decline throughout their range. The lack of natural recruitment in freshwater pearl mussel populations and other freshwater molluscs has led to controversies about the usefulness and applicability of captive breeding techniques for their conservation.
The current state of rearing and culturing programmes for freshwater mussels in Europe and North America is reviewed here with a focus on the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera). Different strategies of propagation and the key factors of success are addressed and conservation management decisions are discussed with respect to risk reduction and the intensity of the culturing system.
Based on the rearing techniques applied for multiple species in North America, and for the genus Margaritifera in European countries, sufficient numbers of juveniles can be produced to sustain selected populations. However, captive breeding and stocking should be carefully documented and must not replace the restoration of functional stream habitats.

From a conservation point of view, captive breeding of endangered mussel species can be a last‐minute rescue tool in order to retain the evolutionary potential of priority populations which would not persist long enough to benefit from habitat restoration practices.
Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A growth factor delivery system for chondrogenic induction of infrapatellar fat pad‐derived stem cells in fibrin hydrogels
Authors: Ahearne Mark , Buckley Conor T. , Kelly Daniel J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractArticular cartilage has a limited capacity for self‐renewal and repair. Tissue engineering of cartilage in vitro has been proposed as a solution to this problem; however, this approach is costly and requires a significant amount of time to grow the graft. An alternative approach is to implant chondroprogenitor cells seeded within a growth factor delivery scaffold directly into the defect site to promote tissue regeneration. The objective of this study was to develop a biocompatible growth factor delivery system capable of promoting chondrogenesis of infrapatellar fat pad (IFP)‐derived stem cells. Transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1) was loaded into gelatin microspheres and incorporated into fibrin hydrogels containing IFP‐derived stem cells. The release of TGF‐β1 was quantified using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, whereas chondrogenesis was demonstrated histologically and by quantifying sulfated glycosaminoglycan production after 21 days of in vitro culture. TGF‐β1 loaded into gelatin microspheres appeared to be as effective in promoting chondrogenesis of IFP‐derived stem cells as adding TGF‐β1 directly to the medium. The influence of different microsphere fabrication parameters and TGF‐β1 loading concentrations was also investigated but appeared to only have a small effect on subsequent chondrogenesis. The development of such growth factor delivery systems in combination with IFP‐derived stem cells represents a potential new strategy for cartilage defect repair.
A novel method for the extraction and culture of progenitor stem cells from human peripheral blood for use in regenerative medicine
Authors: Punshon Geoffrey , Vara Dina S. , Sales Kevin M. , Seifalian Alexander M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHuman peripheral blood (HPB) contains both circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor stem cells (EPCs), which may be suitable for use in regenerative medicine. There has been considerable interest in using these cells, but there is no “gold standard” technique for isolating these cells. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare a number of different extraction and culture techniques to develop a system to isolate and culture cells. EPC and CEC were isolated from HPB using either Histopaque‐1077 or Lymphoprep. The two isolation methods were compared for the number of cells isolated, cell metabolism, and RNA expression. Both isolations produced viable cells and were comparable. The tissue culture method employed does have a significant effect on the cell population with regard to medium choice, fetal bovine serum concentration, and surface modification of the culture surface. In conclusion, it can be seen that although this study and previous work can suggest a basis for culture, further work to develop an optimized and agreed “gold standard” culture regime for EPC from HPB is required to maximize the potential of this source of cells for regenerative medicine and to translate its clinical use in the future.
Determination of bismuth in pharmaceutical products using phosphoric acid as molecular probe by resonance light scattering
Authors: Yun Yanru , Cui Fengling , Geng Shaoguang , Jin Jianhua 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA novel method for the sensitive determination of bismuth(III) in pharmaceutical products using phosphoric acid as a molecular probe by resonance light scattering (RLS) is discussed. In 0.5 mol/L phosphoric acid (H3PO4) medium, bismuth(III) reacted with PO43− to form an ion association compound, which resulted in the significant enhancement of RLS intensity and the appearance of the corresponding RLS spectral characteristics. The maximum scattering peak of the system existed at 364 nm. Under optimal conditions, there was linear relationship between the relative intensity of RLS and concentration of bismuth(III) in the range of 0.06–10.0 µg/mL for the system. A low detection limit for bismuth(III) of 3.22 ng/mL was achieved. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for the determination of 0.40 and 0.80 µg/mL bismuth(III) were 2.1% and 1.1%, respectively, for five determinations. Based on this fact, a simple, rapid, and sensitive method was developed for the determination of bismuth(III) at nanogram level by RLS technique with a common spectrofluorimeter. This analytical system was successfully applied to determine the trace amounts of bismuth(III) in pharmaceutical products, which was in good agreement with the results obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic comparison of diagnostic antibody production in perfusion stirred tank and in hollow fiber bioreactor processes
Authors: Vermasvuori Raisa , Hurme Markku 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe total operating costs of small‐scale monoclonal antibody production were calculated for two different upstream options and general downstream procedure based on protein A chromatography. The upstream options were a spin‐filter equipped stirred‐tank bioreactor (STR) and a hollow fiber bioreactor (HFB). Both the bioreactors were operated in perfusion mode. The total operating costs of the processes were 6,900 €/g for STR option and 6,400 €/g for the HFB option. In the both systems, the costs were dominated by expenses derived from the downstream section (almost 80%) that was almost identical in the both systems. In the upstream section, the investment depreciation was the largest cost item. The lower total costs of the HFB option were a result of lower investment costs and more concentrated product that led into savings also in downstream section. This study brings out the HFB as on viable alternative for stirred‐tank bioreactor, especially in small‐scale diagnostic monoclonal antibody production. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Effect of Sublimation Treatment on the Catalytic Performance of MFI Catalysts in Pyridine and 3‐Picoline Synthesis
Authors: Jin F. , Wu G. , Li Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMordenite framework inverted (MFI)‐structure catalysts with framework trivalent metal cations and extra‐framework metal cations were prepared by the sublimation method to synthesize pyridine and picolines. The results show that the sublimation treatment of volatile metal halides, i.e., GaCl3 and FeCl3, consumes the silanol groups of the parent sample. Most of the Ga cations are incorporated into the zeolite framework, which produces hydroxyl groups and dramatically enhances the proportion of Brönsted acid sites. At the same time, a large number of Fe cations exist in the extra‐framework, causing an increase in the proportion of Lewis acid sites. The increased acid amount and strength effectively improve the activity and stability of the catalyst. Moreover, the generated stronger acid sites increase the selectivity of pyridine. The Ga cations of the modified zeolite can promote the dehydrogenation step for pyridine synthesis, which markedly increases the pyridine selectivity.
Gas Hydrate Formation by Methane‐Helium Mixtures
Authors: Ildyakov A. V. , Manakov A. Y. , Zavjalov A. P. , Bardakhanov S. P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEquilibrium conditions for gas hydrates formed by methane‐helium mixtures with helium concentrations of 31.9, 63.9, and 74.6 mol.‐% have been studied at pressures up to 160 bar. The data obtained indicate that in the studied range of helium concentrations and pressures helium hardly contributes to the stability of the gas hydrate formed. The shift of equilibrium conditions to lower temperatures and higher pressures is caused by dilution of methane in the gas phase and, consequently, the decrease in the chemical potential of methane in the gas phase.
Application of a New Gibbs Energy Equation to Model a Distillation Tower for Production of Pure Ethanol
Authors: Hashemi N. , Pazuki G. , Vossoughi M. , Hemmati S. , Saboohi Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA steady‐state equilibrium‐stage model based on MESH equations was proposed to simulate saline extractive distillation columns. The interaction parameters between each component of water‐CaCl2 and ethanol‐water were obtained from mean ionic activity coefficients and vapor‐liquid equilibrium (VLE) experimental data. Additionally, the interaction coefficients for the ethanol‐CaCl2 pair were fitted to experimental VLE data which were reported by Nishi for the ethanol‐water‐CaCl2 system. It should be noted that adjustable parameters between each pair were considered to be temperature dependent. The results confirmed that the proposed model could accurately predict the experimental vapor‐liquid equilibrium data for ethanol‐CaCl2‐water systems. Finally, the validated model was coded using MATLAB software and was solved using the Wang‐Henke method, including the VLE and enthalpy models.
Model‐Based Energy Efficiency Optimization of a Low‐Temperature Adsorption Dryer
Authors: Atuonwu J. C. , van Straten G. , van Deventer H. C. , van Boxtel A. J. B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLow‐temperature drying is important for heat‐sensitive products, but at these temperatures conventional convective dryers have low energy efficiencies. To overcome this challenge, an energy efficiency optimization procedure is applied to a zeolite adsorption dryer subject to product quality. The procedure finds a trade‐off between the improved drying capacity due to dehumidification and energy expenditure due to regeneration while incorporating product drying properties. By optimizing the regeneration air inlet temperature, drying air, adsorbent, and regeneration air flow rates as well as sensible and latent heat recovery from the regenerator exhausts, the energy efficiency is improved by up to 45 % compared to the state‐of‐the‐art. The high mass transfer effect of high temperatures is utilized in the regenerator to boost dehumidification while isolating the heat‐sensitive dried product from the quality‐degrading effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of in situ Network‐Like Vapor‐Grown Carbon Fiber Improved LiFePO4 Cathode Materials by Microwave Pyrolysis Chemical Vapor Deposition.
Authors: Deng F. , Zeng X. R. , Zou J. Z. , Huang J. F. , Xiong X. B. , Li X. H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe title cathode materials are prepared from mixtures (ball milling for 6 h) of FeC2O4, NH4H2PO4, LiOH, carbon black, and EtOH by microwave pyrolysis chemical vapor deposition (Ar, 800 W microwave output power).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Lithium Storage Performance of Ternary Zn—Co—Ni Alloy Thin Film as Negative Electrodes by Electrodeposition Method.
Authors: Gnanamuthu R. M. , Lee Chang Woo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe title alloy materials, mainly composed of a cubic γ‐Co5Zn21 phase, are synthesized on a copper foil substrate by electroplating using an electrolyte that contains ZnSO4, CoCl2, NiCl2, H3BO3, NaOAc, and NaCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Titania—Lanthanum Phosphate Photoactive and Hydrophobic New Generation Catalyst.
Authors: Jyothi Chembolli K. , Jaimy Kanakkanmavudi B. , Ghosh Swapankumar , Sankar Sasidhara , Smitha V. S. , Warrier K. G. K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTiO2—LaPO4 nanocomposites are prepared by addition of LaPO4 to a TiO2 sol under constant stirring for 3 h, followed by annealing (400—900 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Precipitation Based Method for Preparation of Metasilicate Phosphors.
Authors: Talwar G. J. , Joshi C. P. , Moharil S. V. , Dhopte S. M. , Muthal P. L. , Kondawar V. K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlkaline earth metasilicates MSiO3 (M: Ca, Sr, Ba, Mg) are precipitated from aqueous solutions of metal nitrates by slow addition of Na2SiO3 solution followed by annealing of the formed precipitate (air, 700 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure Characterization and Optical Properties of a New Tripotassium Cadmium Pentaborate, K3CdB5O10.
Authors: Yu Hongwei , Pan Shilie , Wu Hongping , Han Jian , Dong Xiaoyu , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of KNO3, CdO, and H3BO3 (580 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Adamantane‐Like Thio/Selenidogermanates with Complex Cations.
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yin Xian‐Hong , Liu Xing , Zhou Jian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe new title compounds (III) (orthorhombic, space group P212121, Z = 4) and (IV) (monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 2) contain discrete adamantane‐like Ge4Q104‐ anions composed of four nearly tetrahedral GeQ4 units.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Complex Anion‐Vacancy Ordered Structure of La0.33Sr0.67MnO2.42.
Authors: Dixon Edward , Hadermann Joke , Hayward Michael A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLa0.33Sr0.67MnO3 is prepared by reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of La2O3, SrCO3, and MnO2 (argon stream; 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Flux Growth of a New Cobalt—Zinc—Tin Ternary Phase Co7+xZn3‐xSn8 and Its Relationship to CoSn.
Authors: Reynolds Patricia C. , Stojanovic Milorad , Latturner Susan E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe intermetallic title compound with ‐0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 is synthesized by reaction of Co in a eutectic Zn/Sn flux (1173 K, 24 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of the Heteroleptic Dinuclear Nickel Selenite Complex [{Ni(TMEDA)SeO3}2].
Authors: Delferro Massimiliano , Graiff Claudia , Marchio Luciano , Elviri Lisa , Mazzani Marcello , Ricco Mauro , Predieri Giovanni 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe structures of compounds (II) and (III) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures, Spectroscopic Studies and Solid‐State Thermal Transformations of Coordination Polymers from P4Se3 and CuX (X: Cl, Br, I).
Authors: Biegerl Andreas , Groeger Christian , Kalbitzer Hans R. , Pfitzner Arno , Wachter Joachim , Weihrich Richard , Zabel Manfred 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCompounds (III), (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (IX) are characterized by XRD, solid state 31P MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Amines, Phenols, and Thiols Catalyzed by an N,N′‐Dioxide—Copper(I) Catalytic System.
Authors: Yang Haitao , Xi Chao , Miao Zhiwei , Chen Ruyu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe catalyst system is versatile and the coupling reactions promoted by DIO occur under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of 2‐Oxindoles to Vinyl Selenone in RTILs Catalyzed by a Cinchona Alkaloid‐Based Thiourea.
Authors: Zhang Tao , Cheng Liang , Hameed Shahid , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Chen Yong‐Jun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA series of chiral selenones (III) is readily prepared by asymmetric Michael addition of oxindoles (I) to vinyl selenone (II) in room temperature ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Polymer‐Supported O‐Trimethylsilyl‐α,α‐diphenyl‐(S)‐prolinols as Recoverable Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Michael Reactions of Carbon Acids with α,β‐Enals.
Authors: Maltsev Oleg V. , Kucherenko Alexander S. , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe novel recyclable organocatalyst bearing a prolinol unit tagged to an imidazolium cation and a polystyrenesulfonate anion, PSP, appears to be a highly efficient catalyst in the reaction of α,β‐enals with CH‐acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Building Heterocyclic Systems with RC(OR)2+ Carbocations in Recyclable Broensted Acidic Ionic Liquids: Facile Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrazoles, Benzazoles and Other Ring Systems with CH(OEt)3 and EtC(OEt)3 in [EtNH3][NO3] and [PMIM(SO3H)][OTf].
Authors: Aridoss Gopalakrishnan , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThree‐component reaction of aromatic (I) and aliphatic amines (V) with TmsN3 and orthoformate (II) is efficiently catalyzed by the title ionic liquids to give tetrazole derivatives (III) and (VI), resp., in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylic Etherification: Selective Coupling of Two Unactivated Alcohols.
Authors: Roggen Markus , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn asymmetric allylic etherification of two unactivated alcohols is presented, in which the allylic alcohol, e.g. (I) or (IV), serves as electrophile and the aliphatic alcohol (II) as nucleophile.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Hydrogen‐Bond/Enamine Catalysis Enables a Direct Enantioselective Three‐Component Domino Reaction.
Authors: Rahaman Hasibur , Madarasz Adam , Papai Imre , Pihko Petri M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA dual system, composed of an enantioselective enamine catalyst and a multiple‐hydrogen‐bond catalyst achieves the three‐component enantioselective aldehyde—nitroalkene—aldehyde domino reaction using either two similar or two different aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with Diacceptor Diazo Compounds: p‐Methoxyphenyl Ketone as a General Stereoselectivity Controlling Group.
Authors: Lindsay Vincent N. G. , Nicolas Cyril , Charette Andre B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction features the use of p‐methoxyphenyl ketone as a diastereo‐ and enantioselective controlling group for the synthesis of a series of cyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Functionalized Cyclopentenes via Catalytic Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Acrylamides with an Allenoate Promoted by Dipeptide‐Derived Phosphines.
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Wang Su‐Xi , Zhong Fangrui , Lu Yixin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction proceeds with complete regioselectivity to afford cyclopentene structures with moderate enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: 15‐[(Z)‐Phenylmethylidene]‐7,14‐dioxadispiro[5.1.5.2]pentadecanes: Stereoselective One‐Pot Assembly from Cyclohexanones and Phenylacetylene in a KOH/DMSO Suspension.
Authors: Schmidt Elena Yu , Zorina Nadezhda V. , Skitaltseva Elena V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Mikhaleva Albina I. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction gives the spiro compounds (III) in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Desymmetrizing Asymmetric Ring Expansion of Cyclohexanones with α‐Diazoacetates Catalyzed by Chiral Aluminum Lewis Acid.
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Naganawa Yuki , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe catalyst controls the process to give seven‐membered rings with an all‐carbon quaternary center.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Azo Compounds from Nitroaromatics and Anilines.
Authors: Zhao Rui , Tan Chunyan , Xie Yonghua , Gao Chunmei , Liu Hongxia , Jiang Yuyang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA general method for the uncatalyzed coupling to produce symmetric and unsymmetric aromatic azo compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nontransmetalation Reaction Pathway for Anionic Four‐Electron Donor‐Based Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Addition Reactions of Arylborons with Aldehydes.
Authors: Liao Yuan‐Xi , Xing Chun‐Hui , Israel Matthew , Hu Qiao‐Sheng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction of arylboroxins with aldehydes affords of the corresponding secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Functionalized Allylic Compounds by Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of Methyl Propargyl Carbonate with Phenols and Nucleophiles.
Authors: Nishioka Noriyuki , Koizumi Toshio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe methodology allows access to a broad spectrum of structurally diverse functionalized allylic derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Oxidant for Efficient and Selective Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Rahman , Mohadjerani Maryam , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Nouzarian Mahboobe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn efficient, solventless protocol for the selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds (II) (12 examples) using an ionic liquid oxidant is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Access to Sterically Hindered Aryl Ketones via Carbonylative Cross‐Coupling: Application to the Total Synthesis of Luteolin.
Authors: O'Keefe B. Michael , Simmons Nicholas , Martin Stephen F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNovel variants of the carbonylative Suzuki and Negishi cross‐coupling reaction of sterically hindered aryl iodides are developed using commercially available PEPPSI‐IPr as the catalyst.