bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the relative contributions of climate change and multiple human activities to variations of sediment regime in the Minjiang River, China
Authors: Tang Qiang , He Xiubin , Bao Yuhai , Zhang Xinbao , Guo Feng , Zhu Hongwei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn‐stream sediment transport plays an important role in delivery of sediment‐associated terrestrial elements. Investigating the history of fluvial sediment regime responding to changes in natural and anthropogenic driving forces provides a theoretical basis for establishment of optimal strategies on catchment management. The present study aims to systematically detect the patterns of change in sediment load at two key hydrological stations (Pengshan and Gaochang) in the Minjiang River and quantitatively evaluate the relative contributions of regional precipitation change and multiple local human activities to the observed sediment variations. Abrupt change in annual sediment load was detected in 1990 at Pengshan and in 1968, 1980 and 1992 at Gaochang. Compared with the baseline period of 1957–1990, precipitation decline and human activities had respectively contributed to 5 × 106 t and 2 × 106 t of reduction in mean annual sediment load at Pengshan during 1991–2007. For the entire Minjiang basin, taking 1956–1968 as the baseline period, precipitation decline and human activities had relatively contributed to 10 × 106 t and 18 × 106 t of reduction in mean annual sediment load at Gaochang during 1969–1980. During 1981–1992, precipitation decline had relatively contributed to 5 × 106 t of reduction in mean annual sediment load, but human activities had led to 3 × 106 t of increase in mean annual sediment load. During 1993–2009, 13 × 106 t and 17 × 106 t of reduction in mean annual sediment load may be attributed to precipitation decline and human activities, respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling potential hydrological impact of abandoned underground mines in the Monday Creek Watershed, Ohio
Authors: Wan Rongrong , Liu Desheng , Munroe Darla K. , Cai Shanshan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAbandoned underground mines (AUM) have caused dramatic environmental effects that are closely linked to regional sustainability. This paper explores the potential hydrological impact of AUM in the Monday Creek Watershed, a typically mined area in Appalachian region, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT 2005) model and Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI‐2), calibrated at both the global and local scales. The locally calibrated model better incorporates those key parameters relevant to AUM for specific sub‐basins and hydrologic response units. Data from the years 2003–2004 were used for calibration and 2005–2006 for validation. The results were quite satisfactory; both the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency statistic were over 0.80. The potential influences of AUM were assessed by modelling an alternative scenario assuming no AUM for the period 2003–2009. Results show that the hydrological process of lateral subsurface flow plays a dominant role in linking AUM to overall watershed hydrology. The potential hydrological impact of AUM is an increased annual lateral flow of 82.1%, and a decrease in annual surface flow by 15%, leading to an increase of 16.9% in annual water yield for the Monday Creek Watershed. The seasonal fluctuation of water yield has a similar trend to lateral flow, decreasing from March to August and increasing from August to January. Higher volume, higher flow peaks and higher recession constants characterized the hydrograph of daily streamflow from AUM. The results indicate that more emphasis should be put on lateral flow for further study of acid mine drainage and flooding control in those watersheds with AUM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of groundwater flow patterns using flux as upper boundary
Authors: Liang Xing , Quan Dongjie , Jin Menggui , Liu Yan , Zhang Renquan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSince the 1960s, most of the studies on groundwater flow systems by analytical and numerical modelling have been based on given‐head upper boundaries. The disadvantage of the given‐head approach is that the recharge into and discharge from a basin vary with changes in hydraulic conductivity and/or basin geometry. Consequently, flow patterns simulated with given‐head boundaries but with different hydraulic conductivities and/or basin geometry may not reflect the effects of these variables. We conducted, therefore, numerical simulations of groundwater flow in theoretical drainage basins using flux as the upper boundary and realistically positioned fluid‐potential sinks while changing the infiltration intensity, hydraulic conductivities, and geometric configuration of the basin. The simulated results demonstrate that these variables are dominant factors controlling the flow pattern in a laterally closed drainage basin. The ratio of infiltration intensity to hydraulic conductivity (Ric) has been shown to be an integrated pattern‐parameter in a basin with a given geometric configuration and possible fluid‐potential‐sink distribution. Successively, the changes in flow patterns induced by stepwise reductions in Ric are identical, regardless of whether the reductions are due to a decrease in infiltration intensity or an increase in hydraulic conductivity. The calculated examples show five sequential flow patterns containing (i) only local, (ii) local–intermediate, (iii) local–intermediate–regional, (iv) local–regional, and (v) just regional flow systems. The Ric was found to determine also whether a particular sink is active or not as a site of discharge. Flux upper boundary is preferable for numerical simulation when discussing the flow patterns affected by a change of infiltration, the hydraulic conductivity, or the geometry of a basin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How does afforestation affect the hydrology of a blanket peatland? A modelling study
Authors: Lewis Ciaran , Albertson John , Zi Tan , Xu Xianli , Kiely Gerard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOver the last century, afforestation in Ireland has increased from 1% of the land area to 10%, with most plantations on upland drained blanket peatlands. This land use change is considered to have altered the hydrological response and water balance of upland catchments with implications for water resources. Because of the difficulty of observing these long‐term changes in the field, the aim of this study was to utilize a hydrological model to simulate the rainfall runoff processes of an existing pristine blanket peatland and then to simulate the hydrology of the peatland if it were drained and afforested. The hydrological rainfall runoff model (GEOtop) was calibrated and validated for an existing small (76 ha) pristine blanket peatland in the southwest of Ireland for the 2‐year period, 2007–2008. The current hydrological response of the pristine blanket peatland catchment with regard to streamflow and water table (WT) levels was captured well in the simulations. Two land use change scenarios of afforestation were also examined, (A) a young 10‐year‐old and (B) a semi‐mature 15‐year‐old Sitka Spruce forest. Scenario A produced similar streamflow dynamics to the pristine peatland, whereas total annual streamflow from Scenario B was 20% lower. For Scenarios A and B, on an annual average basis, the WT was drawn down by 16 and 20 cm below that observed in the pristine peatland, respectively. The maximum WT draw down in Scenario B was 61 cm and occurred in the summer months, resulting in a significant decrease in summer streamflow. Occasionally in the winter (following rainfall), the WT for Scenario B was just 2 cm lower than the pristine peatland, which when coupled with the drainage networks associated with afforestation led to higher peak streamflows. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing large spatial scale landscape change effects on water quality and quantity response in the lower Athabasca River basin
Authors: Seitz Nicole E , Westbrook Cherie J , Dubé Monique G , Squires Allison J 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Increased land use intensity has been shown to adversely affect aquatic ecosystems. Multiple landscape stressors interact over space and time, producing cumulative effects. Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA) is the process of evaluating the impact a development project may have on the ecological surroundings, but several challenges exist that make current approaches to cumulative effects assessment ineffective. The main objective of this study was to compare results of different methods used to link landscape stressors with stream responses in a highly developed watershed, where past work has shown that the river has experienced significant water quality and quantity changes to improve approaches to CEA. The study site was the lower reaches of the Athabasca River, Canada that have been subjected to a diverse range of intense anthropogenic developments since the late 1960s. Linkages between landscape change and river response were evaluated using correlation analyses, stepwise, multiple regression, and regression trees. Notable landscape changes include increased industrial development and forest cut-blocks, made evident from satellite imagery and supporting ancillary data sets. Simple regression analyses showed water use was closely associated with total phosphorus (TP) and Na+ concentrations, as well as specific conductance. The regression trees for total organic carbon (TOC), TP, and Na+ showed that the landscape variables that appear as the first characteristic were the same variables that showed significant relations for their respective simple regression models. Simple, stepwise, and multiple regressions in conjunction with regression trees were useful in this study for capturing the strongest associations between landscape stressors and river response variables. The results highlight the need for improved scaling methods and monitoring strategies crucial to managing cumulative effects to river systems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2013;9:392–404. © 2012 SETAC
The Influence of Supervision on Manual Adherence and Therapeutic Processes
Authors: Anderson Timothy , Crowley Mary Ellen J. , Patterson Candace L. , Heckman Bernadette D. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo identify the effectiveness of psychotherapy supervision on therapists' immediate (next session) and long‐term (1 year) adherence to time‐limited dynamic psychotherapy (TLDP).MethodSixteen therapists from the Vanderbilt II psychotherapy project were assigned new cases in pretraining, training, and booster/posttraining year‐long cohorts. Technical adherence to the manual, as well as general therapeutic relational processes, were rated for clinical supervisory sessions in which the third therapy session was discussed. The therapy sessions immediately before and after the supervisory sessions were also rated for technical adherence and relational processes.ResultsPostsupervision adherence increased from the presupervision session during the training cohort. In supervision, therapists’ discussion of techniques and strategies from the manual in supervision was significantly related to technical adherence in the session prior to (but not after) supervision. However, supervisors’ discussion of specific techniques predicted therapists’ total technical adherence in the therapy session after (but not before) supervision. In terms of the type of techniques, supervisors’ influenced postsupervision therapy adherence on TLDP's unique approach to formulation, the cyclical maladaptive pattern, but did not influence technical adherence on the therapeutic relationship.ConclusionsIn supervision, therapists tend to focus on how they adhered to techniques from the previous session, whereas supervisors’ comments about specific techniques predicted how the therapist would adhere to techniques in the next therapy session. The findings provide support for the immediate effects of supervision in shaping therapist techniques as well as highlighting the challenges of altering common relational processes through technical training.
Regulation of lung fibroblast activation by annexin A1
Authors: Jia Yuan , Morand Eric F. , Song Wuqi , Cheng Qiang , Stewart Alastair , Yang Yuan H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAnnexin‐A1 (AnxA1) is a glucocorticoid‐induced protein with multiple actions in the regulation of inflammatory cell activation. The contribution of AnxA1 to human cell biology is not well understood. We investigated the contribution of AnxA1 and its receptor, formyl‐peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), to the regulation of inflammatory responses in human normal lung fibroblasts (NLF). Silencing constitutive AnxA1 expression in NLF using small interfering RNA (siRNA) was associated with moderate but significant increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐induced proliferation and interleukin (IL)‐6 production, accompanied by reduction of ERK and NF‐κB activity. AnxA1 regulation of ERK and NF‐κB activation was associated with effects on proliferation. Blocking FPR2 using the specific antagonist WRW4 mimicked the effects of AnxA1 silencing on TNF‐induced proliferation, IL‐6, ERK, and NF‐κB activation. AnxA1 silencing also impaired inhibitory effects of glucocorticoid on IL‐6 production and on the expression of glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper (GILZ), but blocking FPR2 failed to mimic these effects of AnxA1 silencing. These data suggest that AnxA1 regulates TNF‐induced proliferation and inflammatory responses in lung fibroblasts, via effects on the ERK and NF‐κB pathways, which depend on FPR2. AnxA1 also mediates effects of glucocorticoids and GILZ expression, but these effects appear independent of FPR2. These findings suggest that mimicking AnxA1 actions might have therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory lung diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 476–484, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term and recent changes in temperature‐based agroclimatic indices in Argentina
Authors: Fernández‐Long María Elena , Müller Gabriela Viviana , Beltrán‐Przekurat Adriana , Scarpati Olga Eugenia 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTChanges in several temperature‐based agroclimatic indices in the central‐eastern of Argentina, most of them located within the Pampas region were analysed for 39 meteorological stations. Trends of first (FFD), last (LFD) and number (NFD) of frost days, frost period (FP), start (SGS), end (EGS) and length (LGS) of the growing season, growing degree days (GDD), diurnal temperature range (DTR), chilling hours and lowest annual minimum temperature were computed for two periods, 1940–2007 and 1975–2007. The largest changes were observed for the whole period 1940–2007 and were mostly indicative of a long‐term minimum temperature warming throughout the region. During this period, generalized decreases in the NFD and in the FP (i.e., a delayed FFD and an earlier LFD) were found. Although the trends in the growing season indices were not as large as in the frost indices, they were consistent with the overall warming: an earlier SGS and a delayed in the EGS. The trends of the GDD showed a large variability between months with a generalized increased throughout the year. The DTR showed the largest number of stations with statistically significant negative trends from austral late spring (November) to austral early fall (April). For the period 1975–2007, the behaviour changes in all analysed indices: the short‐term trends weakened and in some cases reversed sign. The LFD tended to occurred later in the year, particularly for the southern Pampas. The EGS shifted from mostly positive to negative trends, resulting in a shorter LGS. These trend changes were not spatially homogeneous. Although those short‐term trends were predominantly non‐statistically significant, they could potential affect management decisions and crop yields. In particular, frost is still an important hazard in agricultural activities and within the context of our results short‐ and long‐term characterization of frost risk need to be considered at local and sub‐regional scales. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Serum levels of BMP‐2, 4, 7 and AHSG in patients with degenerative joint disease requiring total arthroplasty of the hip and temporomandibular joints
Authors: Albilia Jonathan B. , Tenenbaum Howard C. , Clokie Cameron M. L. , Walt David R. , Baker Gerald I. , Psutka David J. , Backstein David , Peel Sean A. F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo date, there is no objective or reliable means of assessing the severity of degenerative joint disease (DJD) and need for joint replacement surgery. Hence, it is difficult to know when an individual with DJD has reached a point where total arthroplasty is indicated. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether serum levels of Alpha‐2 HS‐glycoprotein (AHSG) as well as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP‐2, 4, 7) can be used to predict the presence of severe DJD of the hip and/or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (specifically: joints that require replacement). A total of 30 patients scheduled for arthroplasty (diseased) (15 HIP, 15 TMJ) and 120 age‐matched controls (healthy/non‐diseased) were included. Blood samples were collected from all patients ≥8 weeks after the last arthroplasty. Concentrations of serum analytes were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and these were compared between the Diseased and Healthy groups, utilizing the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Patients with disease had significantly higher levels of BMP‐2 and BMP‐4 and lower levels of AHSG in serum compared to non‐diseased humans (p < 0.01). Higher levels of BMP‐2, 4 and reduced levels of AHSG appear to characterize patients who have DJD that is severe enough to require total joint replacement. Perhaps measurements of these proteins can be used to make objective decisions regarding the need for total arthroplasty as opposed to the current subjective approaches. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:44–52, 2012
Immediate reconstruction of maxillectomy defects using anterolateral thigh free flap in patients from a low resource region
Authors: Liu Wei Wei , Peng Han Wei , Guo Zhu Ming , Zhang Quan , Yang An Kui 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To report the reliability and reconstructive outcome of using anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap with or without titanium mesh to repair maxillectomy defects in a patient from a low resource region (LRR).Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:Clinical data of patients with oral‐maxillofacial cancers who underwent maxillectomy and reconstruction using ALT flap in two tertiary cancer centers in southern China were retrospectively reviewed. Reconstructive techniques, flap survival, postoperative oral functions, and surgical complications were reported.Results:Apart from one total flap loss, 18 of the 19 free ALT flaps survived. Titanium mesh was used in two patients with total maxillectomy defects. Eighteen of the 19 patients resumed a normal oral diet. Fourteen patients had good speech, except one patient with poor pronunciation, and four patients had average speech. One patient presented with postoperative palatal fistula. No other complications were observed.Conclusions:The application of ALT flaps with or without titanium mesh to repair maxillectomy defects is straightforward and reliable and has an acceptable reconstructive outcome. It might be a suitable procedure for patients from an LRR. Laryngoscope, 2012
Risk of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage by clinical diagnosis
Authors: Perkins Jonathan N. , Liang Conan , Gao Dexiang , Shultz Lynn , Friedman Norman R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with upregulation of prothrombotic factors. We hypothesize that diagnosis of OSA may be protective against postoperative hemorrhage. This study investigates the relationships between preoperative clinical diagnosis and postoperative hemorrhage.Study Design:Seven‐year retrospective case–control study.Methods:Medical records of tonsillectomy subjects with and without hemorrhage were reviewed for demographics, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Clinical diagnoses included OSA confirmed by polysomnogram, sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), chronic tonsillitis, and a mixed group.Results:A total of 9,023 tonsillectomy patients were identified (52.0% male, 48.0% female; mean age, 6.9 years). Of these, 2.4% (n = 212) presented with hemorrhage. There were 48 (22.6%) primary and 164 (77.4%) secondary hemorrhages. The control group consisted of 1,488 nonhemorrhage patients. A multivariate logistic regression analysis compared the two groups controlling for age, sex, and clinical diagnosis. OSA patients were half as likely to hemorrhage compared to chronic tonsillitis patients (P = .04). SDB patients also had a lower chance of hemorrhage compared to chronic tonsillitis patients; this result was not significant (P = .09). Patients older than 6 years had a higher hemorrhage rate (P < .001).Conclusions:This study demonstrates that patients with OSA may be less likely to have postoperative hemorrhage than patients with chronic tonsillitis. Younger age was associated with fewer hemorrhages. Laryngoscope, 2012
Multi‐phase Extraction of Glycoraphanin from Broccoli Using Aminium Ionic Liquid‐based Silica
Authors: Tian Minglei , Bi Wentao , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionGlucosinolates, a class of phytochemicals found in broccoli, have attracted recent interest due to the potential health benefits associated with their dietary intake. Glucoraphanin, the most common glucosinolate in broccoli can be converted to a known cancer chemopreventive agent. Multi‐phase extraction in solid‐phase extraction cartridges was developed to simultaneously extract and separate this compound.ObjectiveMulti‐phase extraction with functionalised ionic liquid‐based silica as a sorbent was used to simultaneously extract and separate glucoraphanin from broccoli.MethodologyThe sorbent and broccoli sample were packed into a single cartridge, and a fixed volume of water was then used to extract and remove the target compound from the sample to the sorbent over 15 repetitions. The sorbent was then washed with n‐hexane to remove any interference and the target compound was eluted with water–1% acetic acid (vol.).ResultsUnder the optimised condition, 0.038 mg/g of glucoraphanin was obtained by multi‐phase extraction with 0.2 g of sorbent.ConclusionThe adsorption isotherm allowed investigation of the interactions between the sorbent and target compound and provided evidence for the accuracy of this method. The low deviation error, small amount of solvents required, highly selective separation and stability of the method justify further research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of polyethylene containing pyrenyl units in the side chain
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Tano Nobuo , Tomoda Haruhiko 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCopolymerization of ethylene and diallyl‐bis(pyren‐1‐yl)‐silane (APyS) was investigated with zirconocene catalysts, rac‐ethylenebis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride (1) and diphenylmethylene(cyclopentadienyl)(9‐fluorenyl)zirconium dichloride (2), using methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst. APyS was copolymerized via both 1,2‐insertion and cyclization insertion, and cyclization selectivity, ratio of cyclized insertion unit, of APyS in the copolymers obtained with Catalyst 1 was higher than that obtained with Catalyst 2. Catalyst 2 showed a higher reactivity for APyS than Catalyst 1. Photophysical properties of the copolymer were investigated by UV–vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and absorption and fluorescence derived from pyrenyl groups were detected in the copolymers. Chloroform solution of the copolymer showed emission derived from both monomer and eximer of pyrenyl units. Only the emission derived from eximer of pyrenyl units was observed in the cast film. The polarized PL spectrum of an oriented film showed anisotropy, and the polarization excitation parallel to the drawing direction showed high fluorescence intensity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012