bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Branch Plants: Japanese Lean Production in Poland's Automobile Industry
Authors: Majek Tomasz , Hayter Roger 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article examines hybrid branch plants created by an interaction of the routines and conventions of the parent company with those of local institutions. We argue that hybridization is a search for an appropriate mix of practices that ensure viability in local circumstances, rather than necessarily the transfer of established “best” (parent‐company) practices. Conceptually, hybridization is interpreted as learning‐based (and bargaining) processes that are inherent in the evolution (internationalization) of firms in which alternative trajectories are possible. Empirically, the article examines the recent transfer of lean production to Poland's automobile industry and comparatively and qualitatively analyzes four hybrid branch plants in terms of six dimensions of shop‐floor and factory management. Given the explosion of Japanese foreign direct investment in recent decades, its competitive strengths, and the importance that Japanese firms attach to learning processes, lean production is an important case study for hybridization. The four cases illustrate different types of hybrid behavior with different consequences for corporate and local performance.
Alliance‐Driven Governance: Applying a Global Commodity Chains Approach to the U.K. Biotechnology Industry
Authors: Birch Kean 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAs the economy has globalized, it has also regionalized, which has led to the integration of different spaces across different scales. A number of theories contend that the endogenous assets of these locations provide them with the means to compete in this globalizing economy, especially in relation to knowledge‐based sectors like biotechnology. Among these theories, the cluster concept stands out. However, there is little support for the arguments that local linkages are the central contributors to innovation. Extralocal linkages have also been highlighted, suggesting that other theories that account for these linkages may prove useful in the discussion of knowledge‐based sectors, in general, and biotechnology, in particular. One such theory is the concept of global commodity chains, which explicitly concerns the interconnections within and across different geographic scales. As yet it has seldom been applied to the biotechnology industry. This article uses the approach to explore the U.K. biotechnology industry.
Managing the Transnational Law Firm: A Relational Analysis of Professional Systems, Embedded Actors, and Time—Space‐Sensitive Governance
Authors: Faulconbridge James R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article argues that the relational approach can be particularly effective for addressing debates about the varieties of capitalism and the dynamics of institutional contexts. Using the case study of transnational law firms and data gathered through interviews with partners in London and New York, it makes two arguments. First, it suggests that the relational approach's focus on the behavior of key agents when new or different work practices are encountered helps explain the management of institutional heterogeneity by transnational corporations (TNCs). Such an approach reveals the peculiarities of professionals and professional service managers and how they affect the response of globalizing law firms when home‐ and host‐country business practices diverge. Second, the article shows how relational approaches can help disaggregate descriptions of national institutional systems to reveal the importance of studying their constitutive practices. Understanding these microlevel variations, which is missed by macrolevel categories like Anglo‐American, is essential for explaining how firms cope with institutional heterogeneity. The author therefore argues that a better understanding of the effects of TNCs on national business systems can be facilitated by further developing the actor‐ and practice‐focused analyses promoted by relational approaches.
A Geographical Political Economy of Evolution in Economic Geography
Authors: Pike Andy , Birch Kean , Cumbers Andrew , MacKinnon Danny , McMaster Robert 
Published: August 2010

abstractKey themes for evolution in economic geography are identified that clarify and further refine and reinforce our argument for broader conceptions of institutions, social agency, and power and for the situation of the plural and emerging field of evolutionary approaches more fully within geographical political economy. We address the following issues: conceptual and terminological clarity; evolution and institutions within and beyond the firm; agency, bounded determinacy, and power; and research method and design. Our central contention is that geographical political economy provides a coherent and well‐structured conceptual and theoretical framework with which to broaden and deepen our understanding, exploration, and practice of evolutionary thinking in economic geography.
Related Variety, Trade Linkages, and Regional Growth in Italy
Authors: Boschma Ron , Iammarino Simona 
Published: August 2010

abstractThis article presents estimates of the impact of regional variety and trade linkages on regional economic growth by means of export and import data by Italian province (NUTS 3) and sector (three‐digit) for the period 1995–2003. Our results show strong evidence that related variety contributes to regional economic growth. Thus, Italian regions that are well endowed with sectors that are complementary in terms of competences (i.e., that show related variety) perform better. The article also assesses the effects of the breadth and relatedness of international trade linkages on regional growth, since they may bring new and related variety to a region. Our analysis demonstrates that regional growth is not affected by simply being well connected to the outside world or having a high variety of knowledge flowing into the region. Rather, we found evidence of related extraregional knowledge sparking intersectoral learning across regions. When the cognitive proximity between the extraregional knowledge and the knowledge base of a region is neither too small nor too large, real learning opportunities are present, and the external knowledge contributes to growth in regional employment.
Global Standards, Local Realities: Private Agrifood Governance and the Restructuring of the Kenyan Horticulture Industry
Authors: Ouma Stefan 
Published: August 2010

abstractOver the past decade, private food safety and quality standards have become focal points in the supply chain management of large retailers, reshaping governance patterns in global agrifood chains. In this article, I analyze the relationship between private collective standards and the governance of agrifood markets, using the EUREPGAP/GLOBALGAP standard as a vantage point. I discuss the impact of this standard on the organization of supply chains of fresh vegetables in the Kenyan horticulture industry, focusing on the supply chain relationships and practices among exporters and smallholder farmers. In so doing, I seek to highlight the often‐contested nature of the implementation of standards in social fields that are marked by different and distributed principles of evaluating quality, production processes, and legitimate actions in the marketplace. I also reconstruct the challenges and opportunities that exporters and farmers are facing with regard to the implementation of and compliance with standards. Finally, I elaborate on the scope for action that producers and policymakers have under these structures to retain sectoral competitiveness in a global economy of qualities.
Credit, Debt, and Everyday Financial Practices: Low‐Income Households in Two Postsocialist Cities
Authors: Stenning Alison , Smith Adrian , Rochovská Alena , Świątek Dariusz 
Published: August 2010

abstractIn recent years, increasing attention has been paid within social and economic geography to questions of finance, particularly to the ways in which individuals and households domesticate developing financial institutions and products. However, there have been few analyses of these practices in the study of the postsocialist world, even though in many ways, postsocialist societies have been at the forefront of the extension of financial products and services and the ensuing remaking of economic practices. This article responds to this lacuna by exploring the experiences of everyday household financial practices in two postsocialist cities—Kraków and Bratislava—in an attempt to understand how households, particularly poor households, negotiate the remaking of financial practices as the wider landscapes of banking and access to financial services are remade. In the context of a wider project that also explores consumption, housing, care work, and other forms of labor, the article connects to ongoing work in economic geography to explore how postsocialist households manage their precarious budgets, engaging in a multiplicity of practices of lending and borrowing and credit and debt that combine the old and the new, the formal and the informal, the global and the local. These articulations reflect the ways in which households domesticate finance, such that their financial practices are a result of a combination of their agency, assets, knowledge, and geographies; their socioeconomic status; and the developing structures of financial institutions and support a conclusion that calls into question singular accounts of neoliberalization in East Central Europe.
Ultrasonographic appearance and abdominal haemorrhage associated with a juvenile granulosa cell tumour in a foal
Authors: Harper J. , Stewart A. J. , Kuhnt L. , Waguespack R. W. , Holland M. , Downs C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGranulosa cell tumours are commonly identified in mares, but have rarely been identified in equine neonates. This report describes a septic neonatal foal that presented with haemoabdomen secondary to a ruptured ovarian granulosa cell tumour. The ultrasonographic appearance, successful surgical removal and histopathological appearance of the tumour is described. Juvenile ovarian granulosa cell tumours differ histologically from adult granulosa cell tumours. Ultrasound is a useful way to identify haemoabdomen and abdominal masses in foals. Juvenile granulosa cell tumour should be considered as a differential for this combination in neonatal foals.
Low-power 3D nano/CMOS hybrid dynamically reconfigurable architecture
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jha Niraj K. , Shang Li 
Published: August 2010

In order to continue technology scaling beyond CMOS, diverse nanoarchitectures have been proposed in recent years based on emerging nanodevices, such as nanotubes, nanowires, etc. Among them, some hybrid nano/CMOS reconfigurable architectures enjoy the advantage that they can be fabricated using photolithography. NATURE is one such architecture that we have proposed recently. It comprises CMOS reconfigurable logic and CMOS fabrication-compatible nano RAMs. It uses distributed high-density and fast nano RAMs as on-chip storage for storing multiple reconfiguration copies, enabling fine-grain cycle-by-cycle reconfiguration. It supports a highly efficient computational model, called temporal logic folding, which makes possible more than an order of magnitude improvement in logic density and area-delay product, significant power reduction, and significant design flexibility in performing area-delay trade-offs.
In this article, we extend NATURE in various dimensions, evaluating various FPGA approaches in the context of today's emerging technologies. First, we explore the introduction of embedded coarse-grain modules in the fine-grain NATURE architecture and present a unified dynamically reconfigurable architecture, which can significantly enhance NATURE's computation power for data-dominated applications. Second, we explore a 3D architecture for NATURE in which the nano RAM for reconfiguration storage is on one layer and the rest of the CMOS logic on another layer. This leads to further improvements in logic density and performance. Finally, we explore the possibility of using FinFETs, an emerging double-gate CMOS technology, to implement NATURE. Since power consumption is an important consideration in the deep nanometer regime, especially for FPGAs, we present a back-gate biasing methodology for flexible threshold voltage adjustment in FinFETs to significantly reduce NATURE's power consumption. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods.
PIK3CA Mutation Uncouples Tumor Growth and Cyclin D1 Regulation from MEK/ERK and Mutant KRAS Signaling
Authors: Halilovic Ensar , She Qing-Bai , Ye Qing , Pagliarini Raymond , Sellers William R. , Solit David B. , Rosen Neal 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Mutational activation of KRAS is a common event in human tumors. Identification of the key signaling pathways downstream of mutant KRAS is essential for our understanding of how to pharmacologically target these cancers in patients. We show that PD0325901, a small-molecule MEK inhibitor, decreases MEK/ERK pathway signaling and destabilizes cyclin D1, resulting in significant anticancer activity in a subset of KRAS mutant tumors in vitro and in vivo. Mutational activation of PIK3CA, which commonly co-occurs with KRAS mutation, provides resistance to MEK inhibition through reactivation of AKT signaling. Genetic ablation of the mutant PIK3CA allele in MEK inhibitor–resistant cells restores MEK pathway sensitivity, and re-expression of mutant PIK3CA reinstates the resistance, highlighting the importance of this mutation in resistance to therapy in human cancers. In KRAS mutant tumors, PIK3CA mutation restores cyclin D1 expression and G1-S cell cycle progression so that they are no longer dependent on KRAS and MEK/ERK signaling. Furthermore, the growth of KRAS mutant tumors with coexistent PIK3CA mutations in vivo is profoundly inhibited with combined pharmacologic inhibition of MEK and AKT. These data suggest that tumors with both KRAS and phosphoinositide 3-kinase mutations are unlikely to respond to the inhibition of the MEK pathway alone but will require effective inhibition of both MEK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway signaling. Cancer Res; 70(17); 6804–14. ©2010 AACR.
Body Mass Index and Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in a Relatively Lean Population
Authors: Yatsuya Hiroshi , Toyoshima Hideaki , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Tamakoshi Koji , Taguri Masataka , Harada Akiko , Ohashi Yasuo , Kita Yoshikuni , Naito Yoshihiko , Yamada Michiko , Tanabe Naohito , Iso Hiroyasu , Ueshima Hirotsugu ,   for the Japan Arteriosclerosis Longitudinal Study (JALS) Group
Published: August 2010

Background–
The association of overweight/obesity with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, especially stroke, has not been comprehensively examined in relatively lean populations in which stroke is more prevalent than coronary heart disease.

Methods and Results–

Pooled individual data from 16 Japanese cohorts comprising 45 235 participants ages 40 to 89 years without previous history of cardiovascular disease were studied. During follow-up, 1113 incident strokes and 190 myocardial infarctions were identified. At baseline, mean ages of men and women were 55.4 and 56.5 years and mean body mass indices (BMI) were 23.0 and 23.4 kg/m
2
, respectively. Compared with those with BMI <21.0, incidence rates of cerebral infarction in subjects with BMI ≥27.5 were significantly elevated in both men (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28 to 2.56) and women (hazard ratio, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.21), adjusted for age, smoking, and drinking habit. Incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was also associated positively with BMI in both men (hazard ratio, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.21 to 5.20) and women (hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.52). Adjustment for systolic blood pressure, a mediating factor, significantly attenuated most BMI association with stroke in both sexes. For myocardial infarction, the hazard ratio was 3.16 (95% CI, 1.66 to 6.01) for BMI 27.5 or greater versus less than 21.0 only in men, which appeared partly mediated by total cholesterol and SBP.

Conclusions–
Overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of cerebral infarction and hemorrhage in men and women and myocardial infarction in men. Weight control may have the potential to prevent both stroke and myocardial infarction in Japan.
Case Report on Kadzoev, 30 November 2009
Authors: Mincheva Elitsa 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe detention periods authorized by Directive 2008/115 sparked significant criticism both within and without the EU. In its preliminary ruling of 30 November 2009, the Court of Justice countered concerns that a further erosion of the fundamental rights of irregular migrants might occur due to a broad interpretation of the directive by national courts.
Results of Laboratory Evaluation of Acute Knee Effusion after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Paci James M. , Schweizer Scott K. , Wilbur Danielle M. , Sutton Levi G. , Werner Frederick W. , Scuderi Matthew G. , Cannizzaro John P. 
Published: August 2010

Background Infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a rare and potentially devastating complication. No normative data have been reported for knee aspiration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the early postoperative period. Hypothesis Determining normative laboratory data from a retrospective review of noninfected early postoperative anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction knee effusions will allow for the calculation of an aspirate white blood cell (WBC) threshold value indicative of infection. Study Design Case series (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 4. Methods A 2-year retrospective chart review of 151 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients was performed. Thirty-one noninfected patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria and 1 infected patient had laboratory data collected, including peripheral blood and knee effusion aspirate analyses. Laboratory data from pertinent published studies of infected knees after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were combined with the data of our 1 infected patient, establishing a historical control group. Data were analyzed and results were then compared. Infected aspirate WBC threshold value statistics were then calculated. Results Analysis of noninfected knee effusion aspirates revealed a mean WBC count of 9600/uL (standard deviation [SD], 15 200), and a mean of 66% polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells (SD, 34). Aspirate WBC 98% confidence interval (CI) was 2800/uL to 16 200/uL, and the 98% CI for PMN cells was 58% to 84%. Aspirate WBC count >16 200/uL is 86% sensitive, 92% specific, and has a positive likelihood ratio of 10.4 as an indicator of infection. Conclusion Benign effusion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is common and is associated with elevated inflammatory markers. When concerned, knee aspiration after anterior cruciate ligament surgery gives the highest yield to differentiate between a painful effusion and a septic knee in the early postoperative period while awaiting definitive culture results. The authors report confidence intervals defining the range of cell count variables for noninfected patients requiring aspiration, specifically WBC and PMN, and suggest a WBC threshold value of >16 200/uL be used as an indicator of infection. On the basis of comparison with historical control data, the authors believe these data are significant and will be reliable for clinical use.
Dendritic cells modulate platelet activity in IVIg-mediated amelioration of ITP in mice
Authors: Huang Hsuan-Shun , Sun Der-Shan , Lien Te-Sheng , Chang Hsin-Hou 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an effective treatment against immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Previous studies suggested that IVIg exerts this ameliorative role through 2 different leukocyte subsets. Dendritic cells (DCs) modulate the immunosuppression in an adoptive cell transfer model, and phagocytes up-regulate their inhibitory IgG Fc receptors (FcγR)IIB expression and thereby ameliorate the inflammatory response and platelet clearance. However, whether or not regulatory mechanisms exist among DCs, phagocytes, and platelets is still largely unknown. In this study we present findings that IVIg-primed splenic CD11c+ DCs (IVIg-DCs) primarily mediate their anti-inflammatory effects at the level of the platelet rather than the phagocyte. IVIg-DCs did not ameliorate ITP in Fcgr2b−/−, Fcgr3−/−, nor P-Selp−/− mice, implicating the potential involvement of these pathways in IVIg action. As platelets are a component of DC regulatory circuits, these findings may suggest an alternative perspective for the use of IVIg treatment.
TWIST1 promotes invasion through mesenchymal change in human glioblastoma
Authors: Mikheeva Svetlana A , Mikheev Andrei M , Petit Audrey , Beyer Richard , Oxford Robert G , Khorasani Leila , Maxwell John-Patrick , Glackin Carlotta A , Wakimoto Hiroaki , González-Herrero Inés , Sánchez-García Isidro , Silber John R , Horner Philip J , Rostomily Robert C 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Tumor cell invasion into adjacent normal brain is a mesenchymal feature of GBM and a major factor contributing to their dismal outcomes. Therefore, better understandings of mechanisms that promote mesenchymal change in GBM are of great clinical importance to address invasion. We previously showed that the bHLH transcription factor TWIST1 which orchestrates carcinoma metastasis through an epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is upregulated in GBM and promotes invasion of the SF767 GBM cell line in vitro.

Results
To further define TWIST1 functions in GBM we tested the impact of TWIST1 over-expression on invasion in vivo and its impact on gene expression. We found that TWIST1 significantly increased SNB19 and T98G cell line invasion in orthotopic xenotransplants and increased expression of genes in functional categories associated with adhesion, extracellular matrix proteins, cell motility and locomotion, cell migration and actin cytoskeleton organization. Consistent with this TWIST1 reduced cell aggregation, promoted actin cytoskeletal re-organization and enhanced migration and adhesion to fibronectin substrates. Individual genes upregulated by TWIST1 known to promote EMT and/or GBM invasion included SNAI2, MMP2, HGF, FAP and FN1. Distinct from carcinoma EMT, TWIST1 did not generate an E- to N-cadherin "switch" in GBM cell lines. The clinical relevance of putative TWIST target genes SNAI2 and fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) identified in vitro was confirmed by their highly correlated expression with TWIST1 in 39 human tumors. The potential therapeutic importance of inhibiting TWIST1 was also shown through a decrease in cell invasion in vitro and growth of GBM stem cells.

Conclusions
Together these studies demonstrated that TWIST1 enhances GBM invasion in concert with mesenchymal change not involving the canonical cadherin switch of carcinoma EMT. Given the recent recognition that mesenchymal change in GBMs is associated with increased malignancy, these findings support the potential therapeutic importance of strategies to subvert TWIST1-mediated mesenchymal change.