bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean Fertilization as Climate Change Mitigation Measure—Consideration under International Law
Authors: Ginzky Harald 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOcean fertilization is, at least theoretically, perceived as an option to mitigate climate change. However, theoretical assumptions could not be proved by experiments, in fact recent experiments have endorsed existing doubts. On international level seems to be a far-reaching—at least political—consensus that ocean fertilization should not be applied as climate change mitigation measure, based inter alia on unknown risks for the marine environment. Currently the Contracting Parties of the London Protocol are negotiating an international ban of ocean fertilization projects. Only “legitimate scientific research” shall be exempted from the prohibition provided negative effects on the marine environment can be excluded in this field. There is an ongoing discussion on whether a prior permission regime for research projects would be an adequate and reasonable approach and—finally also—legally admissible.
Renewing Moral Intuitionism
Authors: Tropman Elizabeth 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAccording to moral intuitionism, moral properties are objective, but our cognitions of them are not always based on premises. In this paper, I develop a novel version of moral intuitionism and argue that this new intuitionism is worthy of closer attention. The intuitionistic theory I propose, while inspired by the early twentieth-century intuitionism of W.D. Ross, avoids the alleged errors of his view. Furthermore, unlike Robert Audi's contemporary formulation of intuitionism, my theory has the resources to account for the non-inferential character of particular, as opposed to merely general, moral beliefs. I achieve this result by avoiding the appeal to self-evidence to explain the possibility of non-inferential moral knowledge.
Deontological Restrictions and the Good/Bad Asymmetry
Authors: Alm David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractI argue that a defense of deontological restrictions need not resort to what I call the 'Good/Bad asymmetry', according to which it is morally more important to avoid harming others than to prevent just such harm. I replace this paradoxical asymmetry with two non-paradoxical (if also non-obvious) ones. These are the following: (a) We ought to treat an act of preventing harm to persons precisely as such (as a harm prevention), rather than as the causing of a benefit; but we ought to treat an act that causes harm precisely as such (as a harm causing), rather than as the prevention of a benefit. (b) It is morally more important not to cause harm than to cause benefit. I show how we can use those asymmetries, together with certain other assumptions, to defend restrictions. I also offer a partial defense of the first of the two asymmetries.
The Precarious Church: Developing Congregations in an Individualized Society
Authors: de Roest Henk 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article discusses the social phenomenon of shrinking face-to-face organizations and the so-called 'decline of long-term commitment' of late modern populations and the consequences for Christian community formation. Social and organizational bonds are precarious, as research in such diverse contexts as Great Britain, The Netherlands and The United States seems to indicate. In each of these contexts the results of empirical data are subject to sociological dispute and the question with regard to the direction of the developments remains open. Will Christians (paraphrasing Putnam's study on social bonds in America) end up 'worshipping alone'? In that case, what might the theological consequences be? Can there be communio cum Christo without community? Are communal 'carriers of faith' a necessity? The author discusses this question and argues that 'believing without belonging' is a dead-end route for the church. In the last section of the article four ideal-typical church-concepts, reminiscent of the Weber-Troeltsch distinction of 'church' and 'sect', are outlined of which the contours are emerging in each of the different contexts. The concepts serve heuristic purposes, located between the polarities: 'individual and community', 'freedom and bonds'.
The Church and Mary
Authors: Young Frances 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the theme of Mary as 'type' of the Church, and to do so with a bifocal ecumenical perspective. The first section of this paper focuses on the persisting reasons for the Protestant critique of Mariology. Mary's ambiguous role as a model for virginity shifts the focus to the second section, which directs the gaze on Mary as a pattern for all believers, the one who typifies the Church's calling – to bring Christ into the world. Protestants are challenged to take seriously the theological logic underlying Marian devotion; Orthodox and Catholics are invited to consider Mary's priestly role and its implications for the ordination of women.
Dei Verbum § 9 in Baptist Perspective
Authors: Harmon Steven 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Vatican II Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum is replete with affirmations about the nature of revelation and the authority of Scripture which Baptists can affirm, but the seeming equation of the authority of Scripture and tradition in article 9 is a sticking point that must be addressed before proceeding to other points of difference that owe much to differing perspectives on the authority of tradition. A close reading of article 9 highlights points of Baptist disagreement even while revealing some openings for a Baptist appreciation of the trajectory in the development of Catholic teaching on tradition evident in this text. Baptists cannot offer an unqualified endorsement of article 9, but they can find a place within the pattern of theological contestation that produced it. This text with which Baptists cannot unequivocally agree thus points to a larger opening for convergence between Roman Catholics in their practice of conciliar contestation and Baptists in their identity as dissenting catholics.
Claiming Barth for Ethics: The Last Two Decades
Authors: Leyden Michael , Clough David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSince 1990, there has been something of a reversal in scholarly opinion regarding Karl Barth's forays into Christian ethics. Against the previously held conclusion that Barth's account of divine action overwhelms the possibility of human agency and therefore any meaningful basis for ethics, more recent scholarship has tried to show that Barth did in fact take seriously the human being as moral agent. This article surveys the key publications from the past twenty years, in places bringing them into critical dialogue with one another, before assessing what can be learned about Barth's contribution to Christian ethics. There is discussion of Barth's relationship to casuistry and natural law, as well as the extent to which modern scholarship must rework Barth's theological ethics in order for it to publicly viable in the future.
Two Concepts of Rule Utilitarianism
Authors: Martin Rex 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe notion of rule utilitarianism (a twentieth-century addition to the canon of utilitarian thought) has been discussed under two main headings—ideal-rule utilitarianism and 'indirect' utilitarianism. The distinction between them is often hazy. But we can sketch out each perspective along three different dimensions, contrasting the two conceptions of rule utilitarianism at each of three main hinge points: (1) the grounding of rules, (2) the allowed complexity of rules, (3) the conflict of rules. These two profiles constitute ideal types, but they help us see that we can regiment and focus utilitarian intuitions in two quite distinct ways. An interesting test case is provided by J.S. Mill. He has been associated with each of these perspectives (with a utilitarianism of ideal rules by R.B. Brandt and with indirect utilitarianism by John Gray), but careful attention to Mill's main arguments indicates, I believe, that he adheres to neither consistently, though he is closer to the indirect utilitarian position.
Unstable Autonomy: Conscience and Judgment in Kant's Moral Philosophy
Authors: Moyar Dean 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper I argue that Kant's claims about conscience in his moral writings of the 1790s reveal a fundamental instability in his moral philosophy. The central issue is the relationship between the moral law as the form of universality and the judgment of individuals about specific cases. Against Thomas Hill's claim that Kant has only a limited role for conscience, I argue that conscience has a comprehensive role in Kantian deliberation. I unpack the claims about conscience in the Metaphysics of Morals to show that they describe conscience as both a basic act of self-consciousness and as an all-things-considered judgment. I outline the role of conscience in moral motivation, and argue that taken together Kant's writings about conscience reveal a way to rethink Kant's conception of the Fact of Reason.
Of Theories of Coercion, Two Axes, and the Importance of the Coercer
Authors: Anderson Scott 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent accounts of coercion can be mapped onto two different axes: whether they focus on the situation of the coercee or the activities of the coercer; and whether or not they depend upon moral judgments in their analysis of coercion. Using this analysis, I suggest that almost no recent theories have seriously explored a non-moralized, coercer-focused approach to coercion. I offer some reasons to think that a theory in this underexplored quadrant offers some important advantages over theories confined to the other quadrants. In particular I suggest that much of our interest in coercion depends on facts about the coercer, such as the sorts of powers coercers must possess to be able to coerce, and on the coercer's intention in using those powers to constrain or alter the coercee's activities.
Han Feizi's Criticism of Confucianism and its Implications for Virtue Ethics
Authors: Hutton Eric 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral scholars have recently proposed that Confucianism should be regarded as a form of virtue ethics. This view offers new approaches to understanding not only Confucian thinkers, but also their critics within the Chinese tradition. For if Confucianism is a form of virtue ethics, we can then ask to what extent Chinese criticisms of it parallel criticisms launched against contemporary virtue ethics, and what lessons for virtue ethics in general might be gleaned from the challenges to Confucianism in particular. This paper undertakes such an exercise in examining Han Feizi, an early critic of Confucianism. The essay offers a careful interpretation of the debate between Han Feizi and the Confucians and suggests that thinking through Han Feizi's criticisms and the possible Confucian responses to them has a broader philosophical payoff, namely by highlighting a problem for current defenders of virtue ethics that has not been widely noticed, but deserves attention.
Moral Rationalism and the Normative Status of Desiderative Coherence
Authors: Marino Patricia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper concerns the normative status of coherence of desires, in the context of moral rationalism. I argue that 'desiderative coherence' is not tied to rationality, but is rather of pragmatic, instrumental, and sometimes moral value. This means that desire-based views cannot rely on coherence to support non-agent-relative accounts of moral reasons. For example, on Michael Smith's neo-rationalist view, you have 'normative reason' to do whatever your maximally coherent and fully informed self would want you to do, whether you want to do it or not. For these reasons to be non-agent-relative, coherence would have to be grounded in rationality, but I argue that it is not. I analyze, and reject, various strategies for establishing a coherence-rationality connection, considering in detail a purported analogy between desires and a priori beliefs, with particular attention to the case of mathematics.
Aristotelean Virtue and the Interpersonal Aspect of Ethical Character
Authors: Merritt Maria 
Published: July 2010

AbstractI examine the Aristotelean conception of virtuous character as firm and unchangeable, a normative ideal endorsed in the currently influential, broadly Aristotelean school of thought known as 'virtue ethics'. Drawing on central concepts of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, I offer an account of how this ideal is supposed to be realized psychologically. I then consider present-day empirical findings about relevant psychological processes, with special attention to interpersonal processes. The empirical evidence suggests that over time, the same interpersonal processes that sometimes help to sustain character may also disrupt it, even among agents who have the right values in principle. Fortunately, the evidence also suggests some remedial measures. An important philosophical measure, I conclude, is for advocates of virtue ethics to address agents' psychological need for a systematic decision procedure that will focus attention primarily on substantive ethical considerations, rather than characterological assessment.
A Review of Graham Twelftree, In the Name of Jesus: Exorcism among Early Christians
Authors: Clarke Clifton 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGraham Twelftree is one of few New Testament theologians who has approached the place and practice of exorcism among early Christians in the New Testament documents in a manner that takes the New Testament text as a whole seriously. This review commends Dr. Twelftree for his helpful (yet challenging) study of these exorcism narratives. The reviewer examines this work through the lens of a missiologist and contextual theological perspective. In the light of this vantage point he urges the author, who has a global readership, to reflect more critically as to his own hermeneutical and epistemological presuppositions and suggests the possible benefits that the other disciplines could bring to the quest of uncovering ancient traditions and practices. In view of the exponential growth of ther Pentecostal-Charismatic movement in the Two-thirds World in which exorcism is a current and pressing issue, the author is encouraged to engage with global applied theological concerns.
In the Name of Jesus: Exorcism among Early Christians: A Friendly Response to Graham Twelftree
Authors: Robeck, Jr. Cecil 
Published: July 2010

AbstractC.M. Robeck approaches Twelftree's book from the context of a lifelong involvement in the Pentecostal church that has included many opportunities to observe the need for a detailed study of exorcism. Robeck appreciates the careful work that is everywhere evident in the work, and he finds much with which he agrees. In his role as Church historian, Robeck affirms Twelftree's reading of the Fathers, but he voices some concern regarding the interpretation of the Montanist controversy.
Acts 2.17-21: A Paradigm for Pentecostal Mission
Authors: Menzies Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAccording to Menzies, a careful analysis of Acts 2:17-21 reveals that Luke has modified the Joel quotation in three significant ways, and that each modification serves to highlight an important aspect of the mission of the church. The church's mission is to be characterized by visions and divine guidance, bold witness in the face of intense opposition, and signs and wonders. These three themes run throughout the narrative of Acts, and Luke anticipates that they will continue to mark the life of the church in 'these last days'. Luke's narrative, then, is much more than a nostalgic review of how it all began. Although Luke is concerned to stress the reliability of the apostolic witness, his purposes go beyond this. Luke presents the missionary praxis of the early church as a model that is relevant for His church and ours.
Welcoming an Unheard Voice: A Response to Lee Roy Martin's The Unheard Voice of God
Authors: Moore Rickie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis response to Lee Roy Martin's Wesleyan-Pentecostal study of the book of Judges describes the shared context (between Martin and the reviewer) in which Martin developed this original contribution. An overview of Martin's study is presented that applauds the creativity and significance of his work for both Pentecostal scholarship and the wider biblical academy. The response concludes with questions for what remains to be developed in Martin's call, as highlighted in his work on Judges, for a hearing and not just a reading of the biblical text.
Lee Roy Martin, The Unheard Voice of God: A Pentecostal Hearing of the Book of Judges: A Theological Review
Authors: Pope Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis review of Lee Roy Martin's The Unheard Voice of God: A Pentecostal Hearing of the Book of Judges draws on some of the main themes of the book and poses some theological questions with the intention of continuing the book's constructive agenda. The aim is a dialogue in which aspects of Dr Martin's argument are rehearsed, questioned and brought alongside insights from other theological traditions. Hermeneutics are under consideration, specifically a Pentecostal hermeneutic, but so too are the more fundamental questions of how scripture speaks a Word of God into the faith community and how that faith community might hear it. The review emphasises the need to be careful, faithful and expectant hearers and suggests that the reader and the expositor might also have a place to play in a Pentecostal hermeneutic. Some insights from Reformed theology are presented, particularly the importance of proclamation and the role which the Holy Spirit plays in receiving and living in obedience to God's word. In conclusion, a number of questions are posed while Dr Martin's contribution is noted and applauded.
Horizons and Hermeneutics of Doctrine: A Review Essay
Authors: Archer Kenneth 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnthony Thiselton has long been recognized as a leading voice in the area of hermeneutics. In this essay I engage his latest monograph on hermeneutics as it relates to doctrine. I offer some comment for clarification on hermeneutics of doctrine and horizons of understanding. Although Thiselton's work offers much of value to the Christian communities, his argument that the book of Acts is unable to provide normative doctrinal paradigms for those communities runs counter to his argument that the canon serves as a foundation for the genesis and development of doctrine.
Old Wine and New Wine Skins: West Indian and the New West African Pentecostal Churches in Britain and the Challenge of Renewal
Authors: Clarke Clifton 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article is about the black Pentecostal churches of West Indian and West African origin in the Britain. It explores the challenges and opportunities for renewal and reappropriation that confront transmigration black Pentecostal churches beyond the first and second generation. It looks at the older West Indian Pentecostal churches (New Testament Church of God) and the new West African churches (Redeemed Christian Church of God) and asks, what are the lessons of continuity and renewal that they can mutually teach each other at a time of steady decline of traditional black Pentecostalism and the rise of a new West African Pentecostal brand? It places black Pentecostal movements in Britain within the broader global Pentecostal movement and argues against fragmented identities and historiographies which mitigate against mutual learning and shared experience.
Reconciliation and Renunciation of Status as God's Final Aim for Humanity: New Testament Thoughts on the Church's Mission and Unity
Authors: Wenk Matthias 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNot infrequently the concern for unity (both ecumenical and social) and the concern for mission are played off against each other among Pentecostals. In this article it is argued that these two topics neither oppose each other nor do they simply reflect the two sides of the same coin. Rather, the Missio Dei precisely is to bring back to unity all aspects of life in a world suffering from division and alienation. By analyzing the relation of mission and unity in some of the New Testament books, it is argued that the mission of the church is inseparably linked to the topic of unity; division cannot take place without harming the church's mission to be a visible demonstration of God's renewing power in this world. Some concluding implications for a Pentecostal theology of missions are outlined.
Aimee Semple McPherson and Her Seriously Exciting Gospel
Authors: Ray Donna 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAimee Semple McPherson (1890-1944)—charismatic revivalist and founder of the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel—was better known for her spell-binding performances and personal escapades than for her ideas. But, in fact, she was as serious about theology as she was about putting on a good show. McPherson's 'deeper teachings', as she called them, didn't reach the masses because they could not be easily packaged for the tabloid newspapers, radio, or stage. Had McPherson's many detractors read her written works, which are examined in this paper, they would have found a theology that was serious yet lively, complex, comprehensive, and morally demanding. Weaving together elements of nineteenth-century American revivalism, a mix of Arminian and Calvinist doctrine, and her own mystical interpretations of scripture, Aimee Semple McPherson created a distinctive theology for the new Pentecostal movement.
Rethinking Ministerial Ideals in Light of the Clergy Crisis
Authors: Kolbet Paul 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe profile of American clergy is rapidly changing, especially when gauged in terms of their increasing age and the small number of young people who begin ministry in their twenties. This article contends that the problem of recruitment is the result of a destabilization of the profession that has occurred in recent decades and has called into question the value of the clergy's traditional skills and knowledge. Understanding the real root of the crisis explains the prevalence of ministerial ideals that instruct clergy, above all, to use their profound understanding of their own life experience to make their ministry meaningful to contemporary people. Such an approach has a number of shortcomings, not the least of which is that it has little to say about how those who lack life experience are to be qualified for ministry. Rather than appealing to life experience, it will be more fruitful to focus on the recovery of the clergy's confidence in the intellectual content of their profession and the intrinsic value of its fundamental practices.
Authority, Mission, and Institution: A Systematic Consideration of Matthew 28.18-20 in Karl Barth's Doctrine of Baptism
Authors: McMaken W. Travis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMany of Barth's most faithful and devoted interpreters have taken issue with his unapologetically non-sacramental account of baptism in CD IV/4 and his attendant rejection of infant baptism. While many questions have been raised concerning the veracity of the exegesis that Barth produces in support of his position, little attention has been paid to the way in which Matthew 28.18-20, when systematically considered, relates to his account of baptism. Taking the themes of authority, mission and institution as analytic tools, this paper examines the role played by the Matthean passage throughout the Church Dogmatics period, and considers how these themes relate to Barth's rejection of infant baptism. It is suggested in conclusion that understanding baptism as the 'sign of the gospel' allows us to move beyond Barth's rejection of infant baptism without abrogating his concern for mission.