bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasons for underutilisation of drug therapy for smoking cessation among Malaysian aboriginal smokers
Authors: Robson N. , Rashid R. , Habil H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe smoking rate among Malaysian aboriginal people is double the rate of other Malaysians. Smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in aboriginal people but smoking cessation among this population is very low. At present, pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation is not subsidised in the health services.Objective and aimThe study aimed to explore potential reasons for the underutilisation of drug therapy for smoking cessation among aboriginal and non-aboriginal smokers.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among aboriginal and non-aboriginal smokers in the state of Selangor between March 2010-August 2010. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on demographics, smoking behaviour, physician counselling on smoking cessation and perceptions about drug therapy for smoking cessation.ResultsThe overall response rate was 85% (250 Aboriginal smokers and 105 non-aboriginal smokers). Majority of smokers reported smoking cessation or reduction in the previous 6 months (Aboriginal 62% vs non-aboriginal 68%). Aboriginal participants were less likely to seek physician services (p = 0.001) and less willing to use nicotine replacement therapy (p = 0.01) or varenicline (p = 0.001). Among all smokers, having to buy the medication and price of the medication was the most important factor associated with less willingness to use the drugs but advice from physician was associated with willingness to use the drugs.ConclusionsRegardless of ethnic origin, smokers were interested to quit smoking, but cost of medication may explain their lower uptake of drug therapy. Malaysian policy makers should consider making the drugs for smoking cessation freely available in the Malaysian health services.
Pathological gambling and behavior addiction in adulthood
Authors: Romo L. , Morvannou A. , Cheze N. , Legauffre C. , Lucas C. , Coëffec A. , De Lisle Nichols E. , Wahart C. 
Published: May 2011

Gambling behaviors of young adults may begin in adolescence and continue or even worsen in adulthood (Goudriaan et al., 2009).Even if the young adult population is not an homogeneous group, studies show that almost 5% of young people, against 1% in general population showed pathological gambling (Dyke, 2009)Our objective was to study the presence of problem gambling among a population of young adults in professional-schools.We included 629 people, average age 20 and 66.4% of men. We used a battery of assessment scales of consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, video games addiction, anxiety and depression.The results show a prevalence of 1.6% of young people with a score of pathological gambling in the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) and 7% with a score of problematic use.The findings regarding depression, anxiety and other dependencies will be discussed.
Risks factors for cocaine-induced psychotic disorder
Authors: Roncero C. , Comin M. , Daigre C. , Grau-López L. , Martínez-Luna N. , Eiroa-Orosa F. , Miquel L. , Castrillo E. , Torrens M. , Casas M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionChronic consumption of cocaine can induce transient psychotic symptoms, expressed as paranoia or hallucinations. The term cocaine induced psychosis (CIP) has been used to describe this syndrome. Cocaine Induce Psichotic Disorder (CIPD) have been used to describe a full psychotic state. CIP and CIPD prevalences are not well described.ObjectivesTo evaluate risk factors for CIPD, in cocaine-dependents according to DSM-IV criteria.MethodsWe evaluated 150 patients (mean age 34 y.o, 81.8% men) of which 143 were included, using The PRISM (Psychiatric Research for Substance and Mental Disorders) interview. Exclusion criteria were: psychotic disorder or bipolar type I disorder, intoxication at interview, severe somatic disease at interview and language barrier. We compared three groups: group I: without any psychotic symptoms (33,33%); group II: with any psychotic symptoms (28,57%) and group III: with CIPD (38,77%).ResultsDifferences were found in Patients of Group III in the Age at onset of addiction p < .0001*, past history of imprisonment p < 0,01, Alcohol Use disorders p = .006, Cannabis use disorders P < .0001* and Hallucinogens use disorders p < 0,001.All remaining after Bonferroni corrections.ConclusionsCIPD is common in this population (approximately 40%). Risk factor for suffering CIPD were described, in Cocaine-dependents. Finally, professionals who work with cocaine-dependents patients should incorporate these considerations into an integral approach.
Impulsivity and addiction severity in cocaine, cocaine and heroin and heroin dependent patients measured by BIS-11 and Europasi
Authors: Roncero C. , Rodríguez-Cintas L. , Daigre C. , Gideoni F. , Martínez-Lun N. , Barral C. , Egido A. , López C. , Alvarós J. , Ros E. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesWe aimed to study the relationship between impulsivity and the addiction severity in 3 groups of outpatients attending our clinic, through the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and the standarized, semistructured interview EuropAsi.Methods174 outpatients were analized (82.6% men, 113 cocaine-dependent as main drug (mean age 32.71 y.o. (31.45–33.96)), 43 cocaine and heroin-dependent (mean age 36.68 y.o. (33.52–39.85)) and 18 heroin dependent (mean age 37.94 (32.71–41.50)). 26.3% were cannabis-dependent and 10.9% abused of Cannabis. Statistical analysis used was the Kruskal-Wallis Test.ResultsDifferences in motor impulsivity were found between the 2 groups with cocaine dependency and the only heroin-dependent (mean = 20.59, ST ± 7.7 and mean = 17.11, ST ± 7.3, respectively; W: .019). EuropASI, showed intergroup differences in the medical, use of alcohol and legal areas. In the medical area the most affected were the heroin dependent group (mean score = .40), followed by cocaine and heroin group (mean score = .27) and the cocaine-dependent (Mean = .10). In the use of alcohol area the most affected were the cocaine group (Mean = .16) followed by the cocaine and heroin-dependent (mean = .11) and heroin dependent (Mean = .06). In the legal area the most affected were the the cocaine and heroin-dependent (Mean =.22) followed by heroin-dependent (Mean = .09) and cocaine-dependent (Mean = .07).ConclusionsPatients suffering from stimulant dependency alone or together with heroin dependency show different impulsivity levels. The addiction severity varies depending on the substance of abuse. Treatment programs should be designed attending patients’ needs.
Impulsivity spectrum disorders as a risk factor for cocaine-induced psychosis
Authors: Roncero C. , Daigre C. , Comin M. , Grau-López L. , Martínez-Luna N. , Gómez-Baeza S. , Artiaga M. , Rodriguez-Dominguez C. , Miquel L. , Miguel C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionChronic consumption of cocaine can induce transient psychotic symptoms, expressed as paranoia or hallucinations. This is typically prevented by abstinence. The term Cocaine-Induced Psychosis (CIP) has been used to describe this syndrome. Impulsivity has been hypothesised are likked with CIP.ObjectivesThis study examined the relationship between CIP and substance consumption variables and impulsivity disorders including ADHD (Axis I) and Borderline personality disorders (BPD) (Axis II), and attempted to evaluated their link as a risk factors for CIP.AimsTrained psychiatrists systematically conducted a structured interview in which the conclusions from the psychotic symptoms were summarized. We used the CADDID to evaluate Adult ADHD, SCID II for axis II disorders, and the Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11).MethodsWe evaluated 163 (34,16 yo, 85,80% men) cocaine-dependent patients, according to DSM-IV criteria.ResultsWe found statistically significant association between CIP and Early age at onset of cocaine addiction (p = 0,04), cocaine use per day 6 months before starting treatment (p = 0,03), Barrat cognitive impulsivity subscale (p < 0,004), and Adult ADHD (p < 0,041). No relationship between BPD and CIP was found.ConclusionsWe confirm previous findings that Impulsivity disorders as ADHD or high impulsivity trails are liked to CIP. Coinciding with our previous findings, relationship between early age of onset cocaine dependence or high amounts of cocaine use and CIP was found. CIP are related with impulsivity disorders spectrum.
Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT): low versus high regulated model
Authors: Rusdi A.R. , Masturah R. , Robson N. , Habil H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn Malaysia, MMT started with low regulated model since year 2002 to address increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS among intravenous drug users. However, fear of widespread diversion and overdose death forced the government to implement high regulated MMT model. Universiti Malaya conducted both model among self-sponsored(low supervision) and government-sponsored(high supervison) program.ObjectivesTo investigate the biodemographic profiles, psychosocial correlates, pattern of substance use, methadone dosing and client satisfaction level among the two groups.MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional study involving 50 clients from each model. The inclusion criteria inludes opiates dependents age > 18 years and above with written consent using convenience sampling from October to December 2008. Semistructured questionare for demographic and pattern of substance use interview, MINI Neuropsychiatric interview for psychiatric morbidity and CSQ-8 for client satisfaction measurement. Analysis was done using SPSS version 16.ResultsAll the participants are males with the mean age of 40 years. 61% are married and 90% are employed during the interview. 80% received MMT more than one year and 65% achieved maintenance dose more than 50mg daily. 68% used substance more than 10 years prior to the MMT and 73% starts using heroin below age of 20 years old. 57% have comorbid psychiatric illness(anti-social personality, major depression and psychotic disorders) and 33% have medical illness(HIV+, Hepatitis B/C and tuberculosis). There were no significance difference in demographic profiles, pattern of substance use, psychiatric/medical comorbidities and clients satisfasfaction level between the two groups.ConclusionBoth group are similar from the clients satisfaction perpectives.
Spiritual enhanced drug addiction rehabilitation (SEDAR) program: An innovative strategy for increase coverage of methadone program in Malaysia
Authors: Rusdi A.R. , Noorzurani R. , Hussain H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn Malaysia, national methadone maintenance therapy program was started by the goverment in October 2005 as part of harm reduction approach in reducing HIV prevalence among drug users along with needles and Syringes exchange(NSEP) program. However, slow coverage of MMT treatment occurs due to limited resources in existing health facilities and lack of participation from general practioners(Gps). There is a need for another paltform to increase coverage and participation of GPs in national MMT program.ObjectivesTo compare the retention rate and other outcomes measures between SEDAR program and Standard MMT treatment in hospital.AimsTo determine the feasability of MMT program in mosque environment.MethodsThe pilot MMT program known as SEDAR program was conducted in Ar-Rahman mosque involving 30 clients. Brief spiritual intervention(BSI) was given by mosque staffs on top of standard MMT treatment counseling. BSI include washing body parts with water or “wuduk”, praying in the mosque or “tahiyatul masjid” and recite “doa” in the mosque environment prior to direct observed therapy of methadone in the mosque by the pharmacist. The retention rate, % of urine drugs negative over time period, drug use and HIV risk behavior, quality of live and spiritual progress were measure using specific tools: OTI, WHO Qol, SF36, HIR96.ResultsWe expect the SEDAR group in Mosque has better outcomes or comparable with standard MMT treatment in hospital setting.ConclusionsThe SEDAR program is feasable to increase coverage of MMT program in Malaysia.
Comparison of psychiatric disorders between opium dependent and non dependent families in Arak-Iran in 2010
Authors: Salehi B. , Solhi H. , Fotovat A.-R. , Motamedi D. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionOpium dependence is a worldwide problem, that has developed beyond the health - care border line.ObjectiveThere are a lot of foreign studies about psychiatric disorders in the opium dependent families. But those are a few in our culture and geographic area.AimsThe aim of this study is comparing of psychiatric disorders between opium dependent and non dependent families in Arak-Iran in 2010.Materials & methodThis is a case - control study that carried on 230 families of 87 opium dependent subjects attending to the withdrawal clinics as case group and 420 families of 174 opium nondependents as control group who attended to the blood transfusion center in Arak -Iran by using SCL-90 Questionnaire. Then analyzed data by using Spss 15 in order for comparing different psychiatric disorders in them.ResultDepression, Generalized anxiety disorder, hostility and paranoia were significantly different in three pathological types such as borderline, disorder and combined disorders (Pvalue < 0.05) in opium dependent and non-dependent families, but there were not Significantly different between other disorders such as somatization, Obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal disturbance, phobia and psychotic disorder in that questionnaires SCL90-R were measured (P value > 0.05). Psychiatric disorders as overall were significantly differences in opium dependent and non-dependent families (p < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to our finding a number of psychiatric disorders are more common in opium dependent families.Therefore further studies in this area and families with other substance dependence subjects were suggested.
Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder: A case report
Authors: Sarajlija M. , Dostanic N. , Jugovic A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDual diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) is reported to be both highly prevalent and highly challenging in therapeutic sense. Comorbidity of PTSD with SUD is complex, since substance abuse may often develop as an attempt to self-medicate the painful symptoms of PTSD while consequential withdrawal states exaggerate PTSD.Although there is a significant degree of comorbidity between PTSD and SUD, understanding of causal relationships between these disorders remains scarce.Case reportWe present the case of twenty-five year old male with PTSD (according the criteria of both ICD-X and DSM-IV) developed after trauma. Traumatic event included patient being witness to infliction of serious injuries to another person and also experiencing severe threat to personal safety. Three weeks after this occasion, suffering with clear symptoms of PTSD, patient started self-medication with benzodiazepines. Aside from temporary relief shortly after medication usage, PTSD symptoms generally worsened, particularly during periods of withdrawal. Five months after starting with substance use, patient was admitted to our Center. Treatment consisted of psychotherapy and medications (antidepressive, mood stabilizers, non-benzodiazepine hypnotic) with good response.ConclusionThe addition of SUD to PTSD represents complication that needs to be appropriately addressed during treatment. Further research is necessary to ascertain which treatment could be most effective solution for this frequent association.
Patients’ opinion on the smoking habit at a psychiatric hospitalization unit of a general hospital
Authors: Scherer E.A. , Scherer Z.A.P. , Durão A.M.S. , Azevedo H.A. ,   GREIVI - Grupo de Estudos Interdisciplinar sobre Violência
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMental patients constitute a vulnerable group for the smoking habit, with higher prevalence and addiction levels than in the general population. Free time at psychiatric institutions can contribute for hospitalized patients to smoke. Difficulties to control smoking during hospitalization include non-integration of anti-smoking strategies into service routines, disbelief in addiction treatments and the view of smoking as an instrument that appeases and facilitates social interaction.ObjectiveGet to know patients’ opinion on tobacco use during hospitalization and the smokers’ addiction level.AimsGet to know the circumstance of the smoking habit during psychiatric hospitalization.MethodExploratory-descriptive quantitative and qualitative study, carried out at the Psychiatric Ward at Ribeirão Preto Medical School Hospital of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. A semistructured interview was applied to all subjects and the Fagerström questionnaire to the smokers.ResultsOut of 25 patients, 44% suffered from mood disorder and 28% from schizophrenia; 52% had been ill for ten years or more; 64% had been hospitalized between one and five times; 24% were smokers; 83.3% with a high addiction level. Most non-smokers agreed with a smoking prohibition in collective rooms, without privileges for mentally ill patients. The smokers were opposed to anti-smoking policies, but favorable to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) during hospitalization.ConclusionThese findings can support future research and permit suggestions on studies to assess the NRT used at this or other services, as well as the possibility for patients to give up smoking.
Exploring the mental status of people with opium and heroin addiction
Authors: Shirazi K.K. , Heydarnia E. , Kamalianfard S. , Heydarnia M. , Fararooie M. , Rahimi E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIndividuals who engage in drugs abusing are more susceptible to a variety of physical, social and psychological health problems.ObjectiveThis study describes mental disorders of patients with opium and heroin addiction before taking MMT.MethodParticipants included 172 addicts (162 men and 10 women), referring to Fanoos addiction relief center, whose age ranged from 16–66 with mean age of 32.8. All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire about their bad feelings experienced during past month before taking methadone maintenance therapy.ResultsThe average age of the first drug abusing was 20.5 with range of 10–60. The most frequent bad feelings that were reported by participants were sensation of anxiety, hopelessness and aloneness. 68.6% of patients had a history of depression, 56.4% were aggressive and 26.3% of them had ideas of suicide.ConclusionsExploring of mental status of addict people before taking MMT can be used for evaluation of treatment effects and designing more effective interventions.
Severe non-adherens to treatment phenomena with russian men alcoholics
Authors: Smirnova V. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionNon-adherence in alcoholics is one of the major problems of contemporary Russian psychiatry.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and structure of non-adherence in Russian men alcoholics receiving treatment in psychiatric hospital.MethodsForty five men(mean age 39.5 yrs) with alcoholism were randomly selected from narcology department and week after the last alcohol use enrolled in the subsequent survey including questionnaires on knowledge about the disease on treatment and health behavior. Patients with neurological deficit and any another psychiatric disorders in anamnesis were excluded.ResultsWe have shown that only 4% of patients demonstrated adherence to treatment. 93% felt significant deterioration in physical well-being in the last 2–5 years, only 83% attributed it to alcohol use and only 67% were agree with diagnosis. The remaining 29% denied the alcohol dependence, but recognized the need for detoxification and general medical examination to improve the physical well-being. 96% thought unnecessary to work with a psychologist or a therapist or referral to a rehabilitation center or opioid receptor antagonist in spite of repeated failures of self-termination of drinking. They attributed this to the low efficiency of these methods and their high cost or absence problems and diseases.ConclusionNon-adherence is very prevalent in Russian men alcoholics. Severe non-adherence to treatment including illness denials is observed in 29% of patients. Non-adherence to treatment including most part of proposed methods is observed in 67%.
Neuromorphologic and neurochemical regularities of prenatal exposure of developing human brain to alcohol
Authors: Solonsky A. , Shushpanova T. , Semke V. , Bokhan N. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo identify neuromorphologic and neurochemical patterns of prenatal exposure to alcohol of developing brain of man as risk factor for development of mental pathology in offspring of mothers with alcoholism.MethodsWe studied brains of embryos and fetuses (7–12 weeks). There were obtained 53 embryos: 23 - from alcoholics and 30 - from healthy women. Age of patients was 26–39 years, disease duration - from 3 to 13 years. All cases were diagnosed with stage II alcoholism (F 10.201; F 10.202). To evaluate the properties of benzodiazepine receptors in brains of embryos sinaptoneurosomas we used method of radio receptor binding of selective ligand 3H-flyunitrazepame.ResultsDamage to cytoplasmic membrane and internal cell membrane systems, emergence and subsequent transformation of different types of spherical formations in perinuclear space, variety of options of mitochondria as a normal structure, and with signs of functional and structural pathology, increased development of Golgi complex, appearance of lipofuscin, multi-vesicular cells and myelin formation, delay of development of synaptic contacts of vesicular type, manifested in decreasing length of postsynaptic density of synaptic contacts, reducing area and perimeter of presynaptic terminals in main study group, changing nature of vascularization of brain tissue, what was expressed in reduction of average area of vessels, an increase in their number per unit of area and reducing perimeter of brain.ConclusionWe have found that alcoholism during pregnancy results in decrease of affinity of synaptosomal receptors of brains of embryos. This may affect overall neurotransmitter processes in brain.
Sphincter of oddi dysfunction: sonographic examination in opiate addicts
Authors: Soltan M. , Abd Ghaffar M. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo benefit from the usefulness of ultrasonography in measurement of common bile duct in opiate addicts and to correlate between the common bile duct (CBD) diameter and the duration of addiction.Materials and methodFifteen addicts, diagnosed according to DSM IV diagnostic criteria, were examined by abdominal ultrasound. The common bile duct is measured and the results were analyzed with other factors like age, the period of addiction, laboratory findings.ResultsAccording to the findings, there is a significant increase in the range of the CBD diameter in comparison with normal bile ducts. Also, the mean diameter of the CBD in the different age groups showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) and there was a positive significant correlation between the CBD diameter and the period of addiction (p < 0.05, r = 0.875); the multiple comparisons shows that the significant difference between the 3 age groups were due to a significance between group (1) & (2), and group (1) & (3) but no significance between group (2) & (3). So, with the increased length of the addiction period, the mean CBD diameter increases.ConclusionIn opiate addicts, the common bile duct is found to be dilated; however with normal serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase level and no obstructive causes by ultrasound examination, no need for any further assessment.