bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which psychoactive prescription drugs are illegally obtained and through which ways of acquisition? About OPPIDUM survey
Authors: Frauger Elisabeth , Nordmann Sandra , Orleans Veronica , Pradel Vincent , Pauly Vanessa , Thirion Xavier , Micallef Joëlle ,   réseau des CEIPs
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine which psychoactive prescription drugs are illegally obtained and through which ways of acquisition. OPPIDUM is an annual national study. It is based on specialized care centers that included subjects presenting a drug dependency or under opiate maintenance treatment. All their psychoactive substances consumed are reported. This work focuses on the different ways of acquisition specially the illegal ways of acquisition (bought on the street, forged prescription, stolen, given, internet). For each medication illegally obtained, a ratio has been calculated (number of illegal acquisitions divided by the number of described acquisitions). In 2008, 5542 subjects have been included and have described the consumption of 11 027 substances including 63.8% of prescription drugs. Among them, 11% were illegally obtained. The different illegal acquisition ways were ‘street market’ (77.6%), ‘gift’ (16.6%), ‘theft’ (2.3%), ‘forged prescription’ (2.3%), and ‘internet’ (0.7%). The third first drugs illegally obtained were high dosage buprenorphine, methadone, and clonazepam. Some prescription drugs, less consumed, have an important ratio of illegal acquisition like ketamine, flunitrazepam, morphine, trihexyphenidyl, or methylphenidate. This study confirms that theft, forged prescription and internet are few used and permits to highlight diversion of prescription drugs. It is important to inform healthcare professionals on the different prescription drugs that are illegally obtained.
Characterizing the variation in pH measurements with apheresis platelets
Authors: Moroff Gary , Seetharaman Shalini , Kurtz James , Wagner Stephen J. 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: pH measurements of platelet (PLT) components remain a key parameter when assessing how storage and shipping conditions influence the retention of PLT properties. Studies were conducted to characterize variations in pH measured with two pH meters and a blood gas analyzer.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from apheresis PLT units that were stored with or without continuous agitation to measure a range of pH values. pH values were determined with pH meters at room temperature (20‐24°C) upon placing of samples in 5‐mL sterile polypropylene tubes and with the blood gas analyzer at 37°C upon injection of identical samples, with conversion to 22°C.RESULTS: The calculated coefficient of variation (%CV) of pH measurements using pH meters (n = 10) was 0.43% or less. The %CV values were comparable with different samples having pH values ranging from 6.0 to 7.4. The %CV levels with the blood gas analyzer were comparable to those observed with the pH meters. The difference in the mean pH values for the two pH meters was no greater than 0.10 units, with 9 of 10 samples having differences in values of 0.05 or less; however, greater differences of values (0.1 to 0.2) were observed between pH measured using the blood gas analyzer and pH meters.CONCLUSION: Our data show good precision and comparability of pH measurements with two pH meters. Differences in pH values were greater on comparison of the blood gas analyzer with the pH meters.
Antihyperglycaemic activity of 2,4:3,5‐dibenzylidene‐D‐xylose‐diethyl dithioacetal in diabetic mice
Authors: Gruzman Arie , Elgart Anna , Viskind Olga , Billauer Hana , Dotan Sharon , Cohen Guy , Mishani Eyal , Hoffman Amnon , Cerasi Erol , Sasson Shlomo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe have recently generated lipophilic D‐xylose derivatives that increase the rate of glucose uptake in cultured skeletal muscle cells in an AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐dependent manner. The derivative 2,4:3,5‐dibenzylidene‐D‐xylose‐diethyl dithioacetal (EH‐36) stimulated the rate of glucose transport by increasing the abundance of glucose transporter‐4 in the plasma membrane of cultured myotubes. The present study aimed at investigating potential antihyperglycaemic effects of EH‐36 in animal models of diabetes. Two animal models were treated subcutaneously with EH‐36: streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in C57BL/6 mice (a model of insulin‐deficient type 1 diabetes), and spontaneously diabetic KKAy mice (Kuo Kondo rats carrying the Ay yellow obese gene; insulin‐resistant type 2 diabetes). The in vivo biodistribution of glucose in control and treated mice was followed with the glucose analogue 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]‐D‐glucose; the rate of glucose uptake in excised soleus muscles was measured with [3H]‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non‐compartmental analysis of the in vivo data. The effective blood EH‐36 concentration in treated animals was 2 μM. It reduced significantly the blood glucose levels in both types of diabetic mice and also corrected the typical compensatory hyperinsulinaemia of KKAy mice. EH‐36 markedly increased glucose transport in vivo into skeletal muscle and heart, but not to adipose tissue. This stimulatory effect was mediated by Thr172‐phosphorylation in AMPK. Biochemical tests in treated animals and acute toxicological examinations showed that EH‐36 was well tolerated and not toxic to the mice. These findings indicate that EH‐36 is a promising prototype molecule for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs.
Efficacy of surgical techniques to control obstetric hemorrhage: analysis of 539 cases
Authors: PALACIOS‐JARAQUEMADA JOSÉ MIGUEL 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective. To analyze the efficacy of surgical techniques to stop excessive obstetric bleeding. Design. Retrospective follow up. Setting. Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research and a total of twelve hospitals in Buenos Aires. Population. Five hundred and thirty‐nine consecutive patients were included: 361 had placenta accreta–percreta, 114 uterine atony, 19 cervical scar pregnancy, 21 placenta previa and 24 uterine–cervical–vaginal tears. Three hundred and forty‐seven women had surgery, of whom 192 were emergencies. Methods. The surgical techniques included selective arterial ligation and compression procedures. The effectiveness of the techniques was assessed by cessation of bleeding according to source. Follow up included hysteroscopy of 100 patients and magnetic resonance imaging of 341 patients. Main outcome measures. Strong association between topographical uterine irrigation areas and surgical hemostatic technique was established. Results. Hemorrhage stopped following arterial ligation or compression sutures in 499 women, but hysterectomy was needed in 40. In cervical, lower segment and upper vaginal bleeding, Cho's compression sutures proved to be an efficient and simple procedure. Most surgical hemostatic failures that led to hysterectomy occurred in women with severe hemodynamic deterioration and coagulopathy. Two women died due to multiorgan failure. After surgery, 116 successful pregnancies were reported. Conclusions. Bilateral occlusions of the uterine artery or its branches were useful procedures to stop upper uterine bleeding. Square sutures were a simple and effective procedure to control lower genital tract bleeding.
Progestin treatment for the prevention of preterm birth
Authors: LUCOVNIK MIHA , KUON RUBEN J. , CHAMBLISS LINDA R. , MANER WILLIAM L. , SHI SHAO‐QING , SHI LEILI , BALDUCCI JAMES , GARFIELD ROBERT E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractProgestin supplementation appears to be a promising approach to both preventing initiation of preterm labor and treating it once it is already established, given the role of progesterone in maintaining pregnancy, as well as support from basic and clinical research. Progesterone and 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone acetate slow the process of cervical ripening, and this is the rationale for prophylactic long‐term progestin supplementation mostly studied so far. However, progesterone (but not 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone acetate) also inhibits myometrial activity even after the cervix has already ripened. Moreover, these effects depend greatly on the vehicle used and the route of administration. Understanding different mechanisms of action, as well as the importance of progestin formulation, vehicle and route of administration, is the key to finding the optimal progestin treatment for prevention of preterm birth.
Unstimulated whole saliva creatine phosphokinase in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Mirzaii‐Dizgah I , Jafari‐Sabet M 
Published: May 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 597–600Objective:  Accurate and rapid diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) is of major medical and economic importance. The objective of this study was to identify unstimulated whole saliva creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in patients with acute MI.Subjects and Methods:  A case–control study was carried out in 30 normal healthy individuals and 30 patients with acute MI were hospitalized in CCU of Kamkar hospital, Qom, Iran. CPK levels were assayed in serum and unstimulated whole saliva at the first and the second days of acute MI by IFCC method. Statistical analysis of the Student’s t‐test and Pearson correlation coefficient was performed.Results:  The mean saliva and serum levels at both the first and the second days of acute MI were significantly higher in patients with acute MI compared with healthy individuals. They were significantly greater in the first day than in the second day. Saliva CPK concentration correlated significantly with serum CPK level in the first day (r = 0.442, P < 0.01) and in the second day of acute MI (r = 0.268, P < 0.01).Conclusion:  Results suggest that salivary CPK can be used as an alternative to serum CPK for diagnosis and monitoring of myocardial infarction.
Effective treatment and improvement of quality of life in patients with scalp psoriasis by topical use of calcipotriol/betamethasone (Xamiol®‐gel): results
Authors: Mrowietz Ulrich , Macheleidt Oliver , Eicke Christoph 
Published: May 2011

SummaryBackground: Quality of life of patients with scalp psoriasis is greatly impaired due to itch and scaling. To control the disease long‐term therapy is necessary and treatment success is greatly dependent on compliance.Patients and Methods: In a prospective, non‐interventional trial in German dermatological practices 721 patients with scalp psoriasis received Xamiol® gel (calcipotriol 50 μg/g, betamethasone 0,5 mg/g) topically for 4 weeks. Severity was assessed by physician's global assessment (PGA) and quality of life by using a scalp‐specific questionnaire at the beginning of the study and after 4 weeks of treatment.Results: The mean disease severity of scalp psoriasis (PGA) improved from 4.26 to 2.49 (–41.8 %, p < 0.0001) during 4 weeks of treatment and quality of life improved from 10.57 to 3.22 (–69.5 %, p < 0.0001). Among patients with pre‐treatment 89.5 % of patients and 87.9 % of dermatologists judged treatment response to Xamiol® gel as better/much better compared to previous therapy. Tolerability of Xamiol® gel was rated good/very good by 98 % of dermatologists and patients, respectively. The use of Xamiol® gel was found easy/very easy by 90.4 % of the patients.Conclusions: Due to the major improvement of quality of life and quick onset of improvement together with the high acceptance by the patients Xamiol® gel may be regarded as the topical treatment of choice for scalp psoriasis.
Effect of a Nano‐Hydroxyapatite Paste on Bleaching‐Related Tooth Sensitivity
Authors: BROWNING WILLIAM D. , CHO SOPANIS D. , DESCHEPPER EDWARD J. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTStatement of the Problem:  Bleaching‐related tooth sensitivity has been shown to be facilitated by the presence of enamel defects. A nano‐hydroxyapatite (n‐HAP) paste has been shown to repair these defects.Purpose of the Study:  Using a randomized clinical trial, an n‐HAP paste was investigated to determine its efficacy in reducing bleaching‐related tooth sensitivity.Methods and Materials:  An n‐HAP paste (Renamel AfterBleach®, Sangi Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and a placebo (zero‐HAP) were randomly assigned for use in 42 participants. A 7% hydrogen peroxide gel was used twice daily for 14 days, with use of assigned desensitizer for 5 minutes immediately following. A diary was completed daily for 4 weeks to note: use of the agents and sensitivity on a visual analog scale (VAS). Three aspects of tooth sensitivity were investigated: percentage of participants; number of days; and intensity level. Color change was assessed.Results:  For Groups zero‐HAP and n‐HAP, respectively, 51 and 29% of participants reported tooth sensitivity (p = 0.06). Days of sensitivity were 76 and 36, respectively (p = 0.001). Change in VAS score from baseline trended higher for Group zero‐HAP (p = 0.16). Color change was equivalent.Discussion:  The data trend indicated Group n‐HAP experienced less sensitivity over all three measures. Only the number of days of sensitivity was statistically significant.Conclusion:  Within the limits of the study it can be concluded that the use of the n‐HAP paste was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the number of days of tooth sensitivity experienced during active bleaching.CLINICAL RELEVANCEFor those using a tooth whitener without a desensitizing agent, this study indicates that a paste containing nano‐hydroxyapatite crystal can effectively reduce the duration of tooth sensitivity.(J Esthet Restor Dent 24:268–276, 2012)
Testing Public Health Ethics: Why the CDC's HIV Screening Recommendations May Violate the Least Infringement Principle
Authors: Pierce Matthew W. , Maman Suzanne , Groves Allison K. , King Elizabeth J. , Wyckoff Sarah C. 
Published: May 2011

The least infringement principle has been widely endorsed by public health scholars. According to this principle, public health policies may infringe upon “general moral considerations” in order to achieve a public health goal, but if two policies provide the same public health benefit, then policymakers should choose the one that infringes least upon “general moral considerations.” General moral considerations can encompass a wide variety of goals, including fair distribution of burdens and benefits, protection of privacy and confidentiality, and respect for autonomy.In this article, we argue that the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) 2006 HIV screening recommendations (“Recommendations”) may violate the least infringement principle. This is a concern because, although not legally binding, the Recommendations appear to have already influenced state laws and will likely continue to do so as legislative proposals continue to be passed. At a minimum, therefore, the Recommendations have important implications for HIV screening within the United States.
PROOF OF CONCEPT: DEVELOPING A PEER REVIEWED, EVIDENCE‐BASED, INTERACTIVE E‐LEARNING PROGRAMME
Authors: Sinclair Peter , Schoch Monica , Black Kirsten , Woods Matthew 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYKnowledge and skill acquisition related to vascular access are traditionally individual institutional educational initiatives. Australia currently has no national evidence based education programme for renal nurses. A survey of Australian and New Zealand Nephrology Educators’ conducted in 2009, identified the need for more effective and consistent delivery of clinical education for nurses using innovative, web‐based approaches supporting the tenets of e‐learning methodologies. This paper discusses the development, implementation and proposed evaluation of a peer reviewed Australasian e‐learning programme on buttonhole cannulation. It will further highlight the benefits of inter‐organisational partnerships and how these partnerships can facilitate positive change in teaching and learning practices. This project has unique characteristics that collectively provide value, distinction and innovation to nurses, patients and renal departments. As the e‐learning programme was founded on a platform of evidence‐based practice it is therefore easily transferable to an international context.
CATCHING BERKELEY'S SHADOW
Authors: STONEHAM TOM 
Published: May 2011

abstractBerkeley thinks that we only see the size, shape, location, and orientation of objects in virtue of the correlation between sight and touch. Shadows have all of these spatial properties and yet are intangible. In Seeing Dark Things (2008), Roy Sorensen argues that shadows provide a counterexample to Berkeley's theory of vision and, consequently, to his idealism. This paper shows that Berkeley can accept both that shadows are intangible and that they have spatial properties.
An independent review of studies of ‘energy medicine’ funded by the US National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Ernst Edzard , Seip Robert 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe US National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) has frequently been criticised for funding research that is less than rigorous. Our aim was to review NCCAM‐funded clinical trials of ‘energy medicine’. We searched MEDLINE to locate all NCCAM‐funded studies of energy medicine. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers according to predefined criteria. Five RCTs were identified. Those with a low risk of bias showed no effect beyond placebo. Testing implausible treatments in clinical trials is wasteful and perhaps even detrimental.
Acupuncture may help with sleep apnoea
Authors: Barlas P , Freire AO 
Published: May 2011

Freire AO, Sugai GCM, Togeiro SM, Mello LE, Tufik S. Immediate effect of acupuncture on the sleep pattern of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Acupunct Med 2010; 28: 115–19.
Meta‐analysis of tai chi for fall prevention, fear of falling and balance
Authors: Wayne PM , Logghe IHJ 
Published: May 2011

Logghe IHJ, Verhagen AP, Rademaker ACHJ, Bierma‐Zeinstra SMA, van Rossum E, Faber JM, Koes BW. The effects of Tai Chi on fall prevention, fear of falling and balance in older people: a meta‐analysis. Prev Med 2010; 51: 222–7.
Cytomegalovirus DNA Quantification Using an Automated Platform for Nucleic Acid Extraction and Real-Time PCR Assay Setup
Authors: Forman Michael , Wilson Andy , Valsamakis Alexandra 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Analytical performance characteristics of the QIAsymphony RGQ system with artus cytomegalovirus (CMV) reagents were determined. Measurable range spanned 2.0 to ≥7.0 log
10
copies/ml. The detection limit was 23 copies/ml. Intrarun and interrun coefficients of variation were ≤2.1% at 3.0 and 5.0 log
10
copies/ml. In clinical specimens, RGQ values were ∼0.2 log
10
copies/ml higher than those in an assay using a BioRobot M48 extraction/manual reaction setup/7500 Real-Time PCR instrument. No cross-contamination was observed.
Method for Phenotypic Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Enterobacter Species in the Routine Clinical Setting
Authors: Stuart James Cohen , Diederen Bram , al Naiemi Nashwan , Fluit Ad , Arents Niek , Thijsen Steven , Vlaminckx Bart , Mouton Johan W. , Leverstein-van Hall Maurine 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

In 271
Enterobacter
blood culture isolates from 12 hospitals, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) prevalence varied between 0% and 30% per hospital. High prevalence was associated with dissemination, indicating the potential relevance of infection control measures. Screening with cefepime or Vitek 2, followed by a cefepime/cefepime-clavulanate Etest, was an accurate strategy for ESBL detection in
Enterobacter
isolates (positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 99%).
Hepatitis C Virus Co-Opts Ras-GTPase-Activating Protein-Binding Protein 1 for Its Genome Replication
Authors: Yi Zhigang , Pan Tingting , Wu Xianfang , Song Wuhui , Wang Shanshan , Xu Yan , Rice Charles M. , MacDonald Margaret R. , Yuan Zhenghong 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
We recently reported that Ras-GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) interacts with hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein (NS)5B and the 5′ end of the HCV minus-strand RNA. In the current study we confirmed these observations using immunoprecipitation and RNA pulldown assays, suggesting that G3BP1 might be an HCV replication complex (RC) component. In replicon cells, transfected G3BP1 interacts with multiple HCV nonstructural proteins. Using immunostaining and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that G3BP1 is colocalized with HCV RCs in replicon cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of G3BP1 moderately reduces established HCV RNA replication in HCV replicon cells and dramatically reduces HCV replication-dependent colony formation and cell-culture-produced HCV (HCVcc) infection. In contrast, knockdown of G3BP2 has no effect on HCVcc infection. Transient replication experiments show that G3BP1 is involved in HCV genome amplification. Thus, G3BP1 is associated with HCV RCs and may be co-opted as a functional RC component for viral replication. These findings may facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCV genome replication.
Ribavirin Can Be Mutagenic for Arenaviruses
Authors: Moreno Héctor , Gallego Isabel , Sevilla Noemí , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Domingo Esteban , Martín Verónica 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTArenaviruses include several important human pathogens, and there are very limited options of preventive or therapeutic interventions to combat these viruses. An off-label use of the purine nucleoside analogue ribavirin (1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-1-H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is the only antiviral treatment currently available for arenavirus infections. However, the ribavirin antiviral mechanism action against arenaviruses remains unknown. Here we document that ribavirin is mutagenic for the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in cell culture. The mutagenic activity of ribavirin on LCMV was observed under single- and multiple-passage regimes and could not be accounted for by a decrease of the intracellular GTP pool promoted by ribavirin-mediated inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Our findings suggest that the antiviral activity of ribavirin on arenaviruses might be exerted, at least partially, by lethal mutagenesis. Implications for antiarenavirus therapy are discussed.
Mutations in the Glycoprotein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Affect Cytopathogenicity: Potential for Oncolytic Virotherapy
Authors: Janelle Valérie , Brassard Frédérick , Lapierre Pascal , Lamarre Alain , Poliquin Laurent 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been widely used to characterize cellular processes, viral resistance, and cytopathogenicity. Recently, VSV has also been used for oncolytic virotherapy due to its capacity to selectively lyse tumor cells. Mutants of the matrix (M) protein of VSV have generally been preferred to the wild-type virus for oncolysis because of their ability to induce type I interferon (IFN) despite causing weaker cytopathic effects. However, due to the large variability of tumor types, it is quite clear that various approaches and combinations of multiple oncolytic viruses will be needed to effectively treat most cancers. With this in mind, our work focused on characterizing the cytopathogenic profiles of four replicative envelope glycoprotein (G) VSV mutants. In contrast to the prototypic M mutant, VSV G mutants are as efficient as wild-type virus at inhibiting cellular transcription and host protein translation. Despite being highly cytopathic, the mutant G
6R
triggers type I interferon secretion as efficiently as the M mutant. Importantly, most VSV G mutants are more effective at killing B16 and MC57 tumor cells
in vitro
than the M mutant or wild-type virus through apoptosis induction. Taken together, our results demonstrate that VSV G mutants retain the high cytopathogenicity of wild-type VSV, with G
6R
inducing type I IFN secretion at levels similar to that of the M mutant. VSV G protein mutants could therefore prove to be highly valuable for the development of novel oncolytic virotherapy strategies that are both safe and efficient for the treatment of various types of cancer.