bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucuronidation of zearalenone, zeranol and four metabolitesin vitro: Formation of glucuronides by various microsomes and human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase isoforms
Authors: Pfeiffer Erika , Hildebrand Andreas , Mikula Hannes , Metzler Manfred 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGlucuronidation constitutes an important pathway in the phase II metabolism of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) and the growth promotor α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL, zeranol), but the enzymology of their formation is yet unknown. In the present study, ZEN, α‐ZAL and four of their major phase I metabolites were glucuronidatedin vitrousing hepatic microsomes from steer, pig, rat and human, intestinal microsomes from humans, and eleven recombinant human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). After assigning chemical structures to the various glucuronides by using previously published information, the enzymatic activities of the various microsomes and UGT isoforms were determined together with the patterns of glucuronides generated. All six compounds were good substrates for all microsomes studied. With very few exceptions, glucuronidation occurred preferentially at the sterically unhindered phenolic 14‐hydroxyl group. UGT1A1, 1A3 and 1A8 had the highest activities and gave rise to the phenolic glucuronide, whereas glucuronidation of the aliphatic hydroxyl group was mostly mediated by UGT2B7 with low activity. Based on thesein vitrodata, ZEN, α‐ZAL and their metabolites must be expected to be readily glucuronidated both in the liver and intestine as well as in other extrahepatic organs of humans and various animal species.
Topographical distribution of motor fascicles in the sciatic‐tibial nerve of the rat
Authors: Badia Jordi , Pascual‐Font Arán , Vivó Meritxell , Udina Esther , Navarro Xavier 
Published: April 2010

AbstractKnowledge of the intraneural topography of peripheral nerves may help to improve nerve repair after injuries and the selectivity of neural interfaces. We studied the fascicular pattern of motor fibers of the rat sciatic–tibial nerve. We carried out an anatomical dissection of the muscular tributaries of the tibial nerve in the leg. Immunohistochemistry against choline acetyltransferase was used to identify motor axons. Retrograde tracing allowed localization of the muscular fascicles at proximal levels of the sciatic trunk. The distribution of motor fibers in transverse section of the tibial nerve is not homogeneous; two clusters were identified, each one containing fibers of functionally related muscles. Retrograde tracing allowed for the identification of motor fascicles, each one well localized along the sciatic nerve. In the rat there is a somatotopic organization of the sciatic nerve, with muscular fascicles maintaining the same relative position along the entire nerve. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Eliminating false‐positive results in serum tests for neuromuscular autoimmunity
Authors: Apiwattanakul Metha , Mckeon Andrew , Pittock Sean J. , Kryzer Thomas J. , Lennon Vanda A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study we describe the false‐positive frequency in radioimmunoprecipitation assays for muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and neuronal voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC) autoantibodies, attributable to 125I‐ligand immunoprecipitation. Sera were evaluated for AChR autoantibody (n = 34,095) and VGKC autoantibody (n = 11,028). We retested sera that yielded apparently positive results with 1251‐ligand with and without detergent‐solubilized cation‐channel protein, indentified clinically validated fals‐positive rates of 0.05% and 1.7% for AchR and VGKC autoantibodies, respectively. Specificity assurance in radioimmunoprecipitation assays requires subtraction of values for 125I‐ligand binding. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Mechanical and thermal properties of attapulgite clay reinforced polymethylmethacrylate nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Feng , Lou Di , Yang Jintao , Zhong Mingqiang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo investigate the dispersion and nanofillers' interaction of rod‐like silicates (attapulgite, ATT) in the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix, a novel in situ modification of ATT by toluene‐2,4‐di‐isocyanate (TDI) using mechanical mixing was exploited, which resulted in homogeneous dispersion and rod‐like texture of ATT nanorods. As a consequence, organo‐modified ATT/PMMA nanocomposites were prepared, which provided prominent improvements in strength, toughness, and thermal stability. High grafting efficiency of TDI on ATT surface was confirmed by FTIR spectra and SEM observations. The uniform dispersion of in situ TDI modified ATT nanorods in the PMMA which was clearly visible in the TEM micrographs, influenced the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites. The fibrous nanoparticles significantly confined the segmental motion, causing a 13.20°C increase in the glass transition temperature of 2 wt% in situ TDI modified ATT/PMMA nanocomposites. But at higher loadings little or no differences were observed for the reinforcement benefits provided by the in situ TDI modified ATT clay. By comparison, pre‐treated ATT clay severely fractured during mechanical mixing and showed little reinforcement benefits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Von Willebrand factor and thrombin activation in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An impact of peripheral blasts
Authors: Athale Uma , Moghrabi Albert , Nayiager Trishana , Delva Yves‐Line , Thabane Lehana , Chan Anthony K.C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis and the impact of therapy on thrombin activation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are unknown. Steroids may contribute to ALL‐associated thrombosis. We explored the hemostatic effects of methylprednisolone monotherapy (MpMT) (32 mg/m2/day IV × 3 days) in children with newly diagnosed ALL.MethodsChildren (>1 to ≤18 years of age) enrolled on DFCI ALL05‐01 protocol (n = 30; mean age 6.3 years), without prior steroid therapy, were eligible for study. Overnight fasting pre‐ and post‐MpMT samples were analyzed for coagulation factors [FVIII:C, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and fibrinogen] and parameters of thrombin generation [prothrombin fragments 1.2 (F1.2), thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), and D‐dimer].ResultsAt diagnosis F1.2 (1.5 nmol/L), TAT (10.9 µg/L), and D‐dimers (2,766 ng/ml) levels were increased indicating endogenous thrombin activation. Patients with peripheral blasts (n = 17) had higher levels of vWF:Ag (1.89 vs. 1.14 P = 0.001), TAT (15.39 vs. 5.02 P = 0.038), and D‐dimer (3,640 vs. 1,623 P = 0.019) compared to those without peripheral blasts. Following MpMT the blast count decreased significantly from 24% to 3.5% (P < 0.001) with reduction in level of vWF:Ag (1.5, P < 0.01), TAT (8.9, P = 0.42), and D‐dimer (P = 0.018) despite 30% increase in FVIII:C levels (P = 0.005). However, patients without peripheral blasts had no significant change in vWF:Ag levels (1.14 vs. 1.25; P = 0.142) and had an increase in thrombin generation parameters.ConclusionsWe postulate that peripheral blasts through endothelial activation stimulate vWF:Ag production/secretion causing coagulation activation. Methylprednisolone therapy reduces the blast count and indirectly suppresses the coagulation activation. Future studies are required to confirm these findings. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:963–969 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors influencing parental readiness to let their child with cancer die
Authors: Kars Marijke C. , Grypdonck Mieke H.F. , Beishuizen Auke , Meijer‐van den Bergh Esther M.M. , van Delden Johannes J.M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundOne in four cases of childhood cancer is incurable. In these cases death can usually be anticipated and therefore preceded by a phase of palliative care. For parents, preparing to let their child die is an extraordinarily painful process. Most struggle to preserve their child. This study identified, from a parental perspective, the main factors that influence the transition from preserving life to letting go.ProcedureA multi‐centre, qualitative research, study was undertaken during the end‐of‐life (EoL) phase, comprising single or repeated interviews with 44 parents of 23 children with incurable cancer.ResultsWe discovered that uncertainty, fragmentation and anxiety underpin the preserving life perspective. A perspective of letting go could be supported by a variety of factors. These included: Certainty that the child cannot be cured, postponed grief, the perception of suffering, the ability to disentangle needs and the ability to parent meaningfully. Hope, creating a peaceful parent–child relationship, and the attitude of professionals, could support movements in either direction. Of these, certainty, and in most cases postponed grief, were pre‐conditions for the transition towards letting go. Strategies such as not challenging the parents' suppression of grief, creating certainty about the child's condition and supporting parents in efforts to redefine their parental role, supported progress towards accepting a letting go perspective.ConclusionsParents' internal struggle between a preserving frame of mind and one of letting go is influenced by a combination of factors. However, professionals can influence some of these factors in order to facilitate this transition. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:1000–1008 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic radiative properties of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2layer during the co‐evaporation process
Authors: Schöldström J. , Zimmermann U. , Edoff M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA study of the wavelength‐integrated emissivity has been performed on the optical stack CuxSe/Cu(In,Ga)Se2/Mo. The wavelength interval used in the study was 2–20 µm, which covers 95% of the radiated heat from a black body heated to 500°C. Substrate temperatures around 500°C are commonly used in production of Cu(In,Ga)Se2thin films for solar cells. The integrated emissivity was obtained from directional reflectivity measurements of experimental samples with different thicknesses of the CuxSe layers. It was subsequently compared to the emissivity from numerical simulations based on newly obtained values of the refractive index values for Cu(In,Ga)Se2and CuxSe at these wavelengths. Good agreement was found between the measured and simulated values. At a Cu(In,Ga)Se2thickness of 1.8 µm and a Mo thickness of 400 nm, a maximum in the integrated emissivity was found for a CuxSe thickness of 30 nm. The results are valuable input into understanding the dynamics of the change in emissivity between Cu‐rich Cu(In,Ga)Se2with segregated CuxSe and Cu‐poor single phase Cu(In,Ga)Se2at temperatures around 500°C. In co‐evaporation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2, this emissivity change is often monitored and used as a process control (end‐point detection). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Kinetics of oxidation of adenosine by tert‐butoxyl radical: protection and repair by chlorogenic acid
Authors: Vijayalakshmi G. , Adinarayana M. , Rao P. Jayaprakash , Kumara M. N. , Bhadregowda D. G. , Rangappa K. S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRetraction: The following article from Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry, Kinetics of oxidation of adenosine by tert‐butoxyl radical – protection and repair by chlorogenic acid by G. Vijayalakshmi, M. Adinarayana, P. Jayaprakash Rao, M. N. Kumara, D. G. Bhadregowda, K. S. Rangappa, published online on 14 April 2010 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Joseph Lambert and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to multiple submissions. A similar version of the article has already been published in another journal Indian Journal Biochemistry and Biophysics (2009), volume 46, number 5, pages 389–394.). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bulk nanostructured titanium fabricated by hydrostatic extrusion
Authors: Topolski Krzysztof , Garbacz Halina , Pachla Waclaw , Kurzydlowski Krzysztof J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the use of Hydrostatic Extrusion (HE), which is one of the methods of Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD), for grain refinement of titanium grade 2. Titanium in the form of rods was subjected to multi‐stage extrusion. The aim was to optimize the HE process so as to obtain nanostructured titanium rods. The results show that it is possible to produce nanostructured Ti rods of a diameter suitable for industrial applications. The refinement to nano‐sized grains is accompanied by a significant improvement of mechanical properties. The tensile strength of more than 1000MPa was achieved and the hardness increase exceeded 50%. This study was also concerned with the problem of up‐scaling the dimensions of nano‐refined components produced by HE. The basic condition for HE to yield nanostructured Ti is that an appropriately high accumulated strain should be applied (ε > 3). The results demonstrate that, by using HE, we can produce nano‐Ti rods with diameters amounting to ∅︁8mm. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
13C and 18O fractionation effects on open splits and on the ion source in continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Elsig Joachim , Leuenberger Markus C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMeasurements of carbon and oxygen isotopes of CO2 by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry are widely used in environmental studies and climate change research. Yet, there are remaining problems associated with the reproducibility of measurements, in particular when high precision is required and/or the amount of sample material is limited. Isotopic fractionations in open splits and nonlinear effects occurring in the mass spectrometer due to different sample amounts alter the results. In this study, we discuss the influence and the origin of these two effects and propose procedures for preventing their impact.Fractionation in the open split can be related to diffusion of CO2 and can lead to shifted δ‐values when measuring a sample gas against a reference gas injected via different open splits. We present a method, where such fractionations can be minimized by adjusting either the position of the capillaries or the flow rates involved or both.The nonlinear peak area dependence of δ13C measurements for small sample sizes can be explained by adsorption/desorption processes in the ionization chamber or its vicinity. For constant amplitudes, the magnitude of the nonlinearity only depends on the amount of CO2 entering the ion source. This nonlinearity can be eliminated by a small additional flux of a conditioning gas fed to the mass spectrometer. The best results were obtained when using carbon monoxide. For the adsorption process in the mass spectrometer we found a fractionation factor of 0.982 ± 0.005 for δ13C and 1.002 ± 0.004 for δ18O. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital and FM Demodulation of a Doubly Clamped Single‐Walled Carbon‐Nanotube Oscillator: Towards a Nanotube Cell Phone
Authors: Gouttenoire Vincent , Barois Thomas , Perisanu Sorin , Leclercq Jean‐Louis , Purcell Stephen T. , Vincent Pascal , Ayari Anthony 
Published: April 2010

AbstractElectromechanical resonators are a key element in radio‐frequency telecommunication devices and thus new resonator concepts from nanotechnology can readily find important industrial opportunities. Here, the successful experimental realization of AM, FM, and digital demodulation with suspended single‐walled carbon‐nanotube resonators in a field‐effect transistor configuration is reported. The crucial role played by the electromechanical resonance in demodulation is clearly demonstrated. The FM technique is shown to lead to the suppression of unwanted background signals and the reduction of noise for a better detection of the mechanical motion of nanotubes. The digital data‐transfer rate of standard cell‐phone technology is within the reach of these devices.
Inhibition of HSV‐1 Attachment, Entry, and Cell‐to‐Cell Spread by Functionalized Multivalent Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Baram‐Pinto Dana , Shukla Sourabh , Gedanken Aharon , Sarid Ronit 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe use of modified nanoparticles in interactions with biological targets is attracting rapidly increasing attention. In this Full Paper, the application of gold nanoparticles capped with mercaptoethanesulfonate (Au‐MES NPs) as effective inhibitors of Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection based on their ability to mimic cell‐surface‐receptor heparan sulfate is described. Mechanistic studies reveal that Au‐MES NPs interfere with viral attachment, entry, and cell‐to‐cell spread, thereby preventing subsequent viral infection in a multimodal manner. The ligand multiplicity achieved with carrier nanoparticles is crucial in generating polyvalent interactions with the virus at high specificity, strength, and efficiency. Such multivalent‐nanoparticle‐mediated inhibition is a promising approach for alternative antiviral therapy.
Near‐Infrared Light Triggers Release of Paclitaxel from Biodegradable Microspheres: Photothermal Effect and Enhanced Antitumor Activity
Authors: You Jian , Shao Ruping , Wei Xin , Gupta Sanjay , Li Chun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDespite advances in controlled drug delivery, reliable methods for activatable, high‐resolution control of drug release are needed. The hypothesis that the photothermal effect mediated by a near‐infrared (NIR) laser and hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNSs) could modulate the release of anticancer agents is tested with biodegradable and biocompatible microspheres (1–15 µm) containing the antitumor drug paclitaxel (PTX) and HAuNSs (≈35 nm in diameter), which display surface plasmon absorbance in the NIR region. HAuNS‐containing microspheres exhibit a NIR‐induced thermal effect similar to that of plain HAuNSs. Rapid, repetitive PTX release from the PTX/HAuNS‐containing microspheres is observed upon irradiation with NIR light (808 nm), whereas PTX release is insignificant when the NIR light is switched off. The release of PTX from the microspheres is readily controlled by the output power of the NIR laser, duration of irradiation, treatment frequency, and concentration of HAuNSs embedded inside the microspheres. In vitro, cancer cells incubated with PTX/HAuNS‐loaded microspheres and irradiated with NIR light display significantly greater cytotoxic effects than cells incubated with the microspheres alone or cells irradiated with NIR light alone, owing to NIR‐light‐triggered drug release. Treatment of human U87 gliomas and MDA‐MB‐231 mammary tumor xenografts in nude mice with intratumoral injections of PTX/HAuNS‐loaded microspheres followed by NIR irradiation results in significant tumor‐growth delay compared to tumors treated with HAuNS‐loaded microspheres (no PTX) and NIR irradiation or with PTX/HAuNS‐loaded microspheres alone. The data support the feasibility of a therapeutic approach in which NIR light is used for simultaneous modulation of drug release and induction of photothermal cell killing.
Culture and compensation—unpicking the intricate relationship between reward and organizational culture
Authors: Chen Angela 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInterest in culture and reward came to public attention during the banking crisis. This article builds a framework for further research on the linkages between reward systems and organizational culture. From European viewpoints, there is interest in applying social frameworks to reward systems, complementing economic and psychological perspectives. The theoretical complexity of culture could be a barrier to research but, it is argued, Martin's (2002) three perspectives and Hatch's (1993) cultural dynamics model provide sound foundations. For reward practitioners, the main message may be to spend as much time evaluating how reward plans are received as in designing perfect plans. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distributed inferencing with ambient and wearable sensors
Authors: Atallah Louis , McIlwraith Douglas , Thiemjarus Surapa , Lo Benny , Yang Guang‐Zhong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWireless sensor networks enable continuous and reliable data acquisition for real‐time monitoring in a variety of application areas. Due to the large amount of data collected and the potential complexity of emergent patterns, scalable and distributed reasoning is preferable when compared to centralised inference as this allows network wide decisions to be reached robustly without specific reliance on particular network components. In this paper, we provide an overview of distributed inference for both wearable and ambient sensing with specific focus on graphical models—illustrating their ability to be mapped to the topology of a physical network. Examples of research conducted by the authors in the use of ambient and wearable sensors are provided, demonstrating the possibility for distributed, real‐time activity monitoring within a home healthcare environment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐Methylimidazolkomplexe des Berylliums: [Be(Me‐Im)4]I2 und [Be3(μ‐OH)3(Me‐Im)6]Cl3
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTetra(N‐methylimidazole)‐beryllium‐di‐iodide, [Be(Me‐Im)4]I2 (1), was prepared from beryllium powder and iodine in N‐methylimidazole suspension to give yellow single crystal plates, which were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Compound 1 crystallizes tetragonally in the space group I$\bar{4}$2d with four formula units per unit cell. Lattice dimensions at 100(2) K: a = b = 1784.9(1), c = 696.2(1) pm, R1 = 0.0238. The structure consists of homoleptic dications [Be(Me‐Im)4]2+ with short Be–N distances of 170.3(3) pm and iodide ions with weak interionic C–H···I contacts. Experiments to yield crystalline products from reactions of N‐methylimidazole with BeCl2 and (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6], respectively, in dichloromethane solutions were unsuccessful. However, single crystals of [Be3(μ‐OH)3(Me‐Im)6]Cl3 (2) were obtained from these solutions in the presence of moisture air. According to X‐ray diffraction studies, two different crystal individuals (2a and 2b) result, depending on the starting materials BeCl2 and (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6], respectively [2a: Space group P21/n, Z = 4; 2b: Space group P$\bar{1}$, Z = 2]. As a side‐product from the reaction of N‐methylimidazole with (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6] single crystals of (Ph4P)Cl·CH2Cl2 (3) were identified crystallographically (P21/n, Z = 4) which are isotypical with the corresponding known bromide (Ph4P)Br·CH2Cl2.
Pharmacogenetics – genomics and personalized psychiatry
Authors: Möller H.J. , Rujescu D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPharmacogenetic influences on therapeutic response to e.g. antidepressant or neuroleptic treatment are poorly understood and the lack of efficacy in many of the patients together with side effects can both limit therapy and compliance. Thus the aim of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics is to provide predictive tools for the response to psychopharmacologic agents in the therapy of psychiatric disorders and in that ways to provide a real personalized psychiatry. The following review will summarize the current stage of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics and will critically discuss the possibilities of a personalized medicine.