bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodic Acid‐Schiff Reaction Changes During the Course of Relapsing Lymhpoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Lilleyman J. S. , Britton J. A. , Sugden P. J. , Hoyle B. J. 
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow smears taken at diagnosis and subsequent haematological relapse from 41 patients with lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were compared to assess the proportion of blast cells showing a positive periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) reaction at different stages of the same disease. 20 patients never displayed more than 10% PAS positive blasts at any stage, and of these 8 never had any PAS positivity at all. 7 patients maintained a proportion of PAS positive cells over 10 % of the total but with no loss or gain in the numbers of such cells. 14 patients showed a significant change in the PAS reaction during the course of their disease, 7 showing a marked reduction in PAS positive cells, and 7 showing an equally marked increase.From these results it seems that the PAS reaction does not identify a sub‐type of ALL or mark the degree of differentiation of a given case. It could be indicative of a specific stage of the lymphoblast mitotic cycle.
Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Surface Markers and Activation of Lymphocytes
Authors: Autio K. , Turunen O. , Erämaa E. , Penttilä O. , Schröder J. 
Published: August 2010

Cell surface markers and the responses of lymphocytes to T‐ and B‐cell mitogens were studied in 10 patients with CLL. T cells were identified as cells rosetting with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and S‐Ig was used as a marker for B lymphocytes. Most cells from all patients had detectable amounts of S‐Ig, and the percentage of cells rosetting with SRBC was low in all cases. Of the lymphocytes from these patients, 3–74 % (mean 33 %) were positive for the acid esterase (ANAE), which has been claimed to be a T‐cell marker. However, some patients had cells that were positive for both S‐Ig and ANAE. Acid esterase staining is therefore not a valid T‐cell marker in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.In cultures containing the T‐cell mitogen leucoagglutinin (LA) and the T‐ and B‐cell mitogen pokeweed mitogen (PWM) the reactivity of the lymphocytes was low. The cells responded vigorously to the T‐ and B‐cell mitogen protein A (PA); however, the response was serum‐dependent, being strong in a culture medium containing foetal calf serum (FCS), but impaired in the presence of human AB serum. Only 1 patient had cells that responded to the B‐cell mitogen LPS.
Acute Non Lymphoid Leukaemia Following Hodgkin's Disease Clinical, Biological and Cytogenetic Aspects of 3 Cases
Authors: Papa Giuseppe , Alimena Giuliana , Annino Luciana , Anselmo Anna Paola , Ciccone Fabrizio , Luca Anna Maria De , Granati Lucia , Petti Nicola , Mandelli Franco 
Published: August 2010

In a group of 254 patients treated for Hodgkin's disease with a follow up period of minimum 2 years, 3 cases of acute non lymphoid leukaemia (ANLL) were observed: erythroleukaemia, myelomonocytic and myeloblastic leukaemia, respectively. The crude incidence of leukaemia in all patients was 0.0128 and patient year risk was estimated to be 0.003652. All 3 patients had received radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In all cases a haemopoietic dysplasia preceded ANLL.Bone marrow chromosome investigations showed an abnormal karyotype in all patients: chromosomal changes were present in 100 % of cells and revealed a non‐random distribution, the most frequent involvement being clustered to chromosomes nos 11, 17 and 21. Hypodiploidy was prevalent and multiple structural rearrangements, such as markers, rings and minutes, were present in a high percentage of cells. Other changes involved chromosomes nos 5, 7 and 14.Our results are compared with other previously reported cases and possible pathogenetic implications are discussed.
Adherent Cell Dependent Colony‐Stimulating Activity in Human Serum: A Granulopoietic Regulator?
Authors: Francis G. E. , Berney J. J. , Murray V. S. G. , Jackson B. , Hoffbrand A. V. 
Published: August 2010

Bacterial infections and trauma which increase production of granulocytes and monocytes by the bone marrow, may do so through factors in serum capable of stimulating growth of granulocyte‐macrophage cells in vitro. Human serum possesses two types of colony stimulating activity (CSA), one which stimulates granulopoietic progenitor cells directly, and another which results from the interaction of serum and bone marrow adherent cells (monocyte‐macrophages) or peripheral blood leucocytes: adherent cell dependent CSA. These activities are due to different factors which may be separated by gel filtration.Sera of 7 patients undergoing hystectomy who developed post‐operative infection showed post‐operative elevation of the adherent cell dependent activity in all cases but no change in direct acting CSA. These results suggest that the direct acting CSA in human serum does not represent the principal humoral ‘message’ to the bone marrow from sites of trauma and infection in the tissues and that granulopoiesis may be controlled indirectly by the action of a different humoral factor which increases production of CSA by marrow monocyte‐macrophages. Preliminary experiments suggest that lymphocytes stimulated by bacterial products may be one source of this factor.
Collection of Large Quantities of Granulocyte/Macrophage Progenitor Cells (CFUc) in Man by Means of Continuous‐Flow Leukapheresis
Authors: Körbling Martin , Fliedner Theodor M. , Pflieger Horst 
Published: August 2010

Continuous‐flow leukapheresis using the AMINCO Celltrifuge® was performed in 35 adult volunteers for the procurement of large quantities of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFUc) as part of the mononuclear leucocytes.The donor blood volume processed was 12 1 at a flow rate of 50 ml per min. The centrifuge speed was 800 rpm. The mean yield of mononuclear cells (MNC) per run was 12.0 times 109 and that of CFUc, 8.7 times 105. The leukapheresis did not much affect the donor blood cell concentration except the platelet concentration; this must be considered as a limiting factor for leukapheresis. The mean granulocyte contamination of the leukapheresis‐derived leucocytes was only about 10%.Successive leukaphereses (with short‐term intervals) in 7 donors led to significant increases in CFUc yield.The possible therapeutic application of blood stem cells in the treatment of haemopoietic failure in man is discussed.
Long‐Term Influence of Splenectomy on Immune Functions in Patients with Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Björkholm Magnus , Askergren Jutta , Holm Göran , Mellstedt Håkan 
Published: August 2010

Immunological functions of 9 non‐splenectomized and 8 splenectomized patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied before and after treatment. The two groups compared well with regard to age, clinical and immunological findings at diagnosis and observation time. When retested, all patients had enjoyed an unmaintained complete remission for 2 to 5 years following total nodal radiotherapy. After therapy, total lymphocyte and T‐lymphocyte counts decreased in non‐splenectomized patients but remained unchanged in splenectomized patients. The blood lymphocyte DNA synthesis after activation by concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen persisted at the same low level after treatment. The delayed skin hypersensitivity and the lymphocyte activation by PPD antigen were restored in several patients in both groups. The IgM concentration decreased after therapy independent of splenectomy. The IgA level was low in non‐splenectomized patients.Splenectomy seems to protect from the therapy‐induced lymphocytopenia. No alterations of immunoglobulins and blood lymphocyte functions could be ascribed to splenectomy.
Critical Appraisal, Clinical Usefulness, and Implementation of the Thromboplastin concept of Prothrombin‐Time Standardization
Authors: Loeliger E.A. , van den Besselaar A. M. H. P. , Bertina R.M. 
Published: August 2010

The thromboplastin concept of standardization of the prothrombin‐time according to Biggs and Denson survived criticism, obtained support from many countries, and recently proved to be applicable in the clinical practice of monitoring long‐term oral anticoagulation of the individual patient. Reference thromboplastins certified by the Bureau Communautaire de Référence of the European Economic Communities are now being produced, to be used in calibration by manufacturers of thromboplastin preparations. Assayed normal and abnormal plasmas will enable both manufacturers and clinical laboratories to implement the thromboplastin concept in the practice of prothrombin‐time standardization.The present basic World Health Organization reference thromboplastin human combined (preparation 67/40 of the British National Institute for Biological Standards and Control) is, for various reasons, supposed to be replaced by a thromboplastin human plain (a batch of British Comparative Thromboplastin) as soon as it becomes available and has been approved.Expression of the coumarin induced coagulation defect in terms of International Calibrated Ratios in addition to conventional terms will greatly facilitate understanding individual patient results as well as optimal therapeutic ranges to be aimed at.To create, for stability checking of reference thromboplastins and reference plasmas, stable reference points, unmistakable quantification of the coumarin‐induced enzyme defect is mandatory.
Red Cell Changes in Top, Middle and Bottom Layer of Packed Red Cells in Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Magnus Erik M. 
Published: August 2010

Surviving macroreticulocytes are released to peripheral blood during the first 4 d following a B12 injection to vitamin B12 deficient patients with grave anaemia. Marked increase in number of reticulocytes, together with corresponding reduction in reticulocyte size is noted in the top layer of the centrifuged packed red column from d 4 to 6 after medication. This ‘remodelling’ of the ‘stress‐reticulocytes’ seems best explained by a division of the cells into 2 equal, surviving, normal‐sized reticulocytes. The macroreticulocytes, which probably result from skipped division in the marrow, may thus complete their last cytoplasmatic division in the peripheral blood. The numerous schistocytes, which are found in the top layer of the centrifuged packed red cell column, disappear during the first few days after treatment, and it is assumed that these cells are fragments from the relatively few megalocytes which have reached the peripheral blood prior to medication.Macroreticulacytes seem to have a maximum deformability on d 5 after the B12 injection, shortly after the cell division has started.
Spontaneous Immunoglobulin Changes in Human Plasma‐Cell Dyscrasia
Authors: Carter A. , Spira G. , Manaster J. , Tatarsky I. 
Published: August 2010

A series of spontaneous changes affecting the nature of the immunoglobulin secretion of plasma cells is described in a patient initially diagnosed as IgG lambda benign monoclonal gammopathy. After several years a slight increase in the amount of serum monoclonal immunoglobulin occurred; shortly thereafter an aggressive form of multiple myeloma was diagnosed. Unexpectedly a rapid spontaneous decrease of the monoclonal immunoglobulin, accompanied by the appearance in the serum of increasing quantities of a complex containing intact lambda light chains, then occurred. Concomitantly a fragment of the corresponding free light chain was detected in the urine.A parallel is drawn between the facts observed in this patient and in an animal model recently proposed to explain the different types of structural immunoglobulin abnormalities in multiple myeloma.
Primary Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia and Cytogenetically Abnormal Clones in 2 Children with Down's Syndrome
Authors: Ueda Kazuhiro , Kawaguchi Yoshinori , Kodama Mariko , Tanaka Yoshito , Usui Tomofusa , Kamada Nanao 
Published: August 2010

2 children with Down's syndrome showed severe anaemia, leucocytosis with blastic cells, thrombocytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow aspirations were near‐dry tap and marrow biopsy revealed primary myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). Their course was short with a blood picture similar to that of leukaemia. They expired 2 months and 2½ months after diagnosis, respectively. The cases were thought to represent an acute childhood variant of MMM.Cytogenetic study of circulating white cells by 24 h culture without phytohaemagglutinin stimulation revealed aneuploidy in both cases, the first case showing marked aneuploidy with a predominant karyotype of 50, XX,+8, + 19, + 19,+21 and the second case a mosaic of 47,XX,+G/48,XX, + G, + G. The karyotype of phytohaemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes was 47,XX,+G in both cases.These findings suggest that the abnormal karyotypes are those of circulating blastic cells which are abnormal clones of haematopoietic cells responsible for MMM. In Down's syndrome, MMM might not be so rare as reported.
Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Skovmann‐Sørensen O. , Schrøder H. , Møller‐larsen Anné , Haahr S. 
Published: August 2010

Cell‐mediated and humoral immunity to herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) were examined in 37 patients with Hodgkin's disease in continuous long term remission. This group had lower blast‐transformation than a matched control group to all 3 antigens.Patients originally showing B‐symptoms had higher transformation to VZV than those with A‐symptoms. Patients treated with irradiation only had higher transformation than those treated with either chemotherapy or a combination of chemotherapy and irradiation. There was a clear tendency towards lower transformation in patients having been in remission for 2 years or less.Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation gave lower response in the patient group than in the control group. Patients with B‐symptoms had lower response than those with A‐symptoms. Interferon production was specially impaired in patients with B‐symptoms. The patient group had higher CF titers against HSV and CMV while the control group had higher titers against VZV. B‐symptom patients had higher titers against VZV than A‐symptom patients.It is concluded that HD patients have impaired immune function many years after discontinuation of therapy, but there are certain differences regarding the in vitro immunity within the patient groups.
Iron Overload in β‐Thalassaemia Minor
Authors: Parfrey P. S. , Barnett Myra , Sachs J. A. , Pollock D. J. , Turnbull A. L. 
Published: August 2010

23 descendents of a 74‐year‐old Englishman who had β‐thalassaemia trait, and died of hepatoma, were studied to discover whether thalassaemia minor alone could predispose to iron overload. Serum ferritin and HLA antigens were assessed in all members, and adults underwent radioiron investigations and liver biopsy.2 members of the second generation and 1 of the third generation, all of whom had thalassaemia trait, had elevated liver iron concentration, indicating preclinical iron overload. This was not associated with any HLA type. None of the subjects had been treated with exogenous iron. The one member of the second generation who had thalassaemia minor but not iron overload was female, and the 5 members of the third generation with the trait, but with normal serum ferritin levels, were all under the age of 15 years. Members of the family without β‐thalassaemia minor had normal iron metabolism. It is possible that the development of iron overload in 4 members of this family was related to the presence of thalassaemia minor, and not to the inheritance of another abnormal gene causing idiopathic haemochromatosis.
Granulocyte and Platelet Adhesiveness in Malignant Paraproteinaemia, Leukaemia and Myeloproliferative Diseases
Authors: Hopen Gunnar 
Published: August 2010

Granulocyte and platelet adhesiveness were measured in 36 patients with haematologic diseases, using a glass bead column assay. Platelet adhesiveness (PA) was reduced in malignant paraproteinaemia (13/20), leukaemia (10/11) and myeloproliferative diseases (3/5). Granulocyte adhesiveness (GA) was reduced in most patients with paraproteinaemia and leukaemia, but results of measurements in whole blood and in suspensions of leucocytes in autologous plasma were poorly correlated due to the influence of abnormal platelet function and/or concentration on the measurement of GA in whole blood.The results of experiments combining leucocytes and plasma from patients and controls indicate that impaired GA in paraproteinaemia is due to a plasma factor, whereas a cellular defect is responsible for the reduced GA in leukaemia.
Platelet Production Time in Surgery
Authors: Burton I. E. , Griffin B. D. , Roberts B. E. , Mcmahon M. J. 
Published: August 2010

A study of platelet production time in major surgery is described. This was equated to the time taken for renewal of maximum malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in blood platelets following suppression by a single dose of aspirin (Stuart et al 1975). The method was simplified by using EDTA disodium salt as an anticoagulant instead of citrate, resuspending platelets with small bar magnets, and reducing time of incubation with thiobarbituric acid reagent from 1 h to 15 min.Results for maximum platelet renewal taken to be the time to achieve a pre‐aspirin baseline level were median in surgery 6.3 (3.8–9.2) d and controls 7.0 (6.2–12.5) d. Using the modified method, average baseline malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were 6.2 ± 1.4 nmol/109 platelets in surgical patients and 6.34 ± 1.2 nmol/109 platelets in controls.Platelet production time determination using this method is not strictly analogous compared with survival of 51Cr‐labelled platelets and it however warrants further study.
Pre‐Morbid Factors in Hodgkin's Disease III.
Authors: Isager Henrik , Larsen Svend 
Published: August 2010

The question whether there is more school contact among patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) than expected by chance, suggesting that the disease might be transmissible, has been the object of several recent studies.Our study was based on the birth cohort 1930–1950 from the register of records from the school health service of the Copenhagen City Council. The cohort contains about 198000 persons, and 65 of these had developed HD before age 40 years and in the period 1943–1975. For 62 patients, 3 matched controls for each were selected in the register, and for the remaining 3 patients at least 1 control for each was found. We analysed 36 combinations of contact measures and subsamples, and found no excess of school contact in patients relative to controls. The finding adds to the evidence against the hypothesis that HD is transmitted at school age from one future patient to another, or from a small pool of carriers.
Studies on the Mechanism of the Erythrocyte Enzyme Abnormalities Induced by Chemotherapy
Authors: Etiemble Jeanne , Picat Christiane , Boivin Pierre 
Published: August 2010

With the aim of determining the possible mechanisms of the red cell enzyme deficiencies induced by chemotherapy, deficient red cell glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD), pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) from 17 patients were purified and characterized.In all cases G‐6‐PD showed normal kinetics, electrophoretic mobility and thermostability suggesting that a decreased enzyme synthesis was possible for the deficient enzyme activity.In each case studied, at least one of the PK properties was modified, either in affinity for phosphoenol pyruvate, thermal stability or electrophoretic mobility, indicating a primary or secondary molecular abnormality. In some patients PFK had significantly increased affinity for citrate inhibitor; however, neither the quantity nor quality of the M subunits seemed to be altered.Thus it appears that chemotherapy can induce qualitative as well as quantitative red cell enzyme abnormalities by different mechanisms. These are similar to those observed in spontaneous leukaemia and preleukaemic states. Such a similarity poses the question of whether or not the red cell enzyme abnormalities induced by chemotherapy could be considered as the first sign of secondary leukaemia due to treatment by oncostatic drugs.
INCIDENCE AND PREVENTION OF ARTERIAL THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES
Authors: DALE J. , MYHRE E. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYEarly and late arterial thromboembolic complications were evaluated in 253 patients with two types of Starr‐Edwards aortic ball valves on average three years after operation. The incidence is high postoperatively, and in the late course 7.0 episodes were diagnosed per 100 patients per year, 11.1 in patients with the older valve type 1200 and 4.3 with type 2300. The incidence was not reduced by time after operation, and not prevented by adequate anticoagulation. In 196 patients who had received Bjørk‐Shiley or Lillehei‐Kaster disc valves, an equally high early incidence was found. In the late course of implantation the incidence was 5.6 with Bjørk‐Shiley and 6.1 with Lillehei‐Kaster valves. Valve thrombosis with impaired disc movement represented a particularly serious complication for disc valve patients, occurring in four and causing two deaths.In a randomized, prospective double‐blind study 148 patients received either one gm. ASA daily in combination with anticoagulants, or anticoagulants and placebo. In the placebo group, 12 arterial thromboembolic complications occurred in 10 patients, causing three deaths. In the combined group only two slight episodes occurred. Even if the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was higher when ASA was used, the much better protection against serious thromboembolic complications makes this an acceptable price to pay.ASA alone was tested in a pilot study in 77 patients for six months, and had a poor preventive effect in patients with fibrillation, but is possible as an alternative to anticoagulation in some patients with sinus rhythm.Arterial thromboembolism represents a serious problem in patients with prosthetic heart valves 0). The thrombi that usually form on the valve itself may disturb valve function (1) and give rise to cerebral emboli (1). While improvement in design has produced valves with very good hemodynamic function arterial thromboembolic complications represent unresolved problems. Therefore the thrombogenic properties constitute a main determinant for valve selction, and evaluation and research in prevention of thromboembolism are important.
Thrombocytopenia as Presenting Symptom of Preleukaemia in 3 Patients
Authors: Tricot G. , Criel A. , Verwilghen R. L. 
Published: August 2010

3 patients with preleukaemia (idiopathic acquired myelodysplasia) presenting with isolated peripheral thrombocytopenia and an increased number of megakaryocytes are described. The diagnosis of preleukaemia, however, was strongly suspected on bone marrow morphology, revealing an abnormal megakaryocytic series. Megakaryoblasts with characteristic nuclei and basophilic pseudopodes, and immature megakaryocytes were frequent. These last cells had 1 or 2 nuclei and a basophilic poorly granulated cytoplasm, often containing large vacuoles, corresponding to dilated interconnecting demarcation membranes in electron microscopy. Megakaryocytes were not considered able to produce a normal amount of platelets, explaining the peripheral thrombocytopenia; platelet survival (51Cr) was indeed too long for ITP. Cytogenetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of an abnormal haematopoietic clone.Ferrokinetics, in vitro agar cultures, bone marrow biopsy and platelet function tests were helpful additional examinations for establishing the correct diagnosis. It is important to differentiate preleukaemia from ITP. Prognosis is totally different and the treatment is not only ineffective in the great majority of the preleukaemic patients, but may be hazardous.