bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Templates to Fabricate Nanoscale Spherical Structures for Defined Architectural Control
Authors: Réthoré Gildas , Pandit Abhay 
Published: January 2010

AbstractArchitectural design of biomaterial structures is essential to reach the full potential of the materials' chemical and biological properties. Clinically, these properties depend on the targeted applications of delivery, such as tissue regeneration, imaging, or cancer. To get an efficient material for biological applications, key properties are needed, such as degradability, low toxicity, cell specificity, relative efficiency, and capability of delivering multiple molecules. In recent years, significant progress has been made through either the design of the material itself (synthetic or natural polymers, dendrimers, crosslinking) or the fabrication technique (nozzle reactor, emulsion, and template). The combination of these materials and techniques results in a large variety of biomaterials that have varied shape and physico–chemical and biological properties. Nevertheless, these inherent properties are not sufficient and interest in discovering and developing new techniques that present these biomaterials in different light is now under focus. A useful strategy to prepare biomaterials with unique and novel architectures is through the use of templates that have defined geometrical features. This holds great promise, especially for the development of hollow structures, such as spheres. The nanoscale structural design of biomaterials via the use of templates and their potential clinical applications are discussed. In addition, the conceptual hurdles that must be overcome to produce applications that are clinically relevant are examined.
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Visualizing Plasmon Coupling in Closely Spaced Chains of Ag Nanoparticles by Electron Energy‐Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Song Fengqi , Wang Tingyu , Wang Xuefeng , Xu Changhui , He Longbing , Wan Jianguo , Van Haesendonck Christian , Ringer Simon P. , Han Min , Liu Zongwen , Wang Guanghou 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAnisotropic plasmon coupling in closely spaced chains of Ag nanoparticles is visualized using electron energy‐loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope. For dimers as the simplest chain, mapping the plasmon excitations with nanometer spatial resolution and an energy resolution of 0.27 eV intuitively identifies two coupling plasmons. The in‐phase mode redshifts from the ultraviolet region as the interparticle spacing is reduced, reaching the visible range at 2.7 eV. Calculations based on the discrete‐dipole approximation confirm its optical activeness, where the longitudinal direction is constructed as the path for light transportation. Two coupling paths are then observed in an inflexed four‐particle chain.
A highly flexible, parallel virtual machine: design and experience of ILDJIT
Authors: Campanoni Simone , Agosta Giovanni , Crespi Reghizzi Stefano , Di Biagio Andrea 
Published: January 2010

AbstractILDJIT, a new‐generation dynamic compiler and virtual machine designed to support parallel compilation, is introduced here. Our dynamic compiler targets the increasingly popular ECMA‐335 specification. The goal of this project is twofold: on one hand, it aims at exploiting the parallelism exposed by multi‐core architectures to hide the dynamic compilation latencies by pipelining compilation and execution tasks; on the other hand, it provides a flexible, modular and adaptive framework for dynamic code optimization. The ILDJIT organization and the compiler design choices are presented and discussed highlighting how adaptability and extensibility can be achieved. Thanks to the compilation latency masking effect of the pipeline organization, our dynamic compiler is able to mask most of the compilation delay, when the underlying hardware exposes sufficient parallelism. Even when running on a single core, the ILDJIT adaptive optimization framework manages to speedup the computation with respect to other open‐source implementations of ECMA‐335. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptability mechanisms for autonomic system implementation with AAOP
Authors: Janik Arkadiusz , Zielinski Krzysztof 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to implementing an adaptability loop in Autonomic Computing (AC) systems, which is based on adaptable aspects. The approach utilizes the concept of adaptable aspect‐oriented programming (AAOP) in which a set of AOP aspects is used to run an application in the manner specified by its adaptability strategy. We present a model execution environment based on this concept, enabling the execution of applications with applied adaptability strategies. In the AAOP‐based AC system, the application is instrumented with aspects selected by the system from a set of all available aspects (sensors,effectors, andgoal aspects) in such a way that the system can monitor and manage the application. This model can be used to implement systems that are able to monitor an application and its execution environment, and perform actions such as changing the current set of non‐functional constraints in response to changes in the application or its environment. The model can be used for various types of non‐functional goals, in various programming languages, both in centralized and distributed environments. This paper describes its Java‐based implementation and non‐functional goals referring to resource management. As a consequence, the application uses resources in a way specified in its adaptability strategy. Resource consumption management logic is transparent for the application, meaning that no modifications in the application source code are needed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of “in‐Situ” Generated Cr(CO)5CN–C(Cl)–PR3 (R = Ph, NMe2) with Potential Dipolarophiles. New Examples of [3+2] Cycloadditions with Concomitant Interligand CC Bond Formation [1]
Authors: Ahn Samyoung , Langenhahn Volker , Sperber Wilfried , Beck Wolfgang , Fehlhammer Wolf Peter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe highly functional chromio nitrile ylides Cr(CO)5C≡N–C(Cl)–PR3 (R = Ph, NMe2) (2a, b) form readily in mixtures of Cr(CO)5CNCCl3 (1) with the respective phosphanes. Their reactions without isolation with the acylating agent Cr(CO)5CN(C=O)Ar (Ar = C6H4‐p‐NO2), MeO2CC≡CCO2Me, ketones (R2C=O, R = Me, Et; 2R = 9‐fluorenediyl) and phenyl isocyanate to give the Cl/COAr‐substitution‐ (6a), alkyne insertion‐ (10) and [3+2] cycloaddition products (13, 14) are described. Formation of the latter is accompanied by an interligand CC coupling with loss of P(NMe2)3 and OP(NMe2)3 (after hydrolysis). Their reactions are compared with those of the parent compounds LnMCN–C(H)–PPh3.
Indigenous Fathers' Involvement in Reconstituting “Circles of Care”
Authors: Ball Jessica 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis qualitative study, part of a Canadian national study of fathers' involvement, opened up First Nations and Métis fathering as a new area of inquiry. Conversational interviews with 80 Indigenous fathers illuminated the socio‐historical conditions that have shaped Indigenous men's experiences of learning to be a father and becoming a man in the context of changing gender relationships and the regeneration of circles of care. Indigenous fathers' experiences unfold in a socio‐historical context fraught with difficulties. However, the study findings suggest cultural strengths and sources of resilience unseen in research and community programs driven by Euro‐western perspectives. This research can inform efforts to reduce systemic barriers and reconstitute positive father involvement following disrupted intergenerational transmission of fathering in Canada and elsewhere.
Leaf‐litter nitrogen concentration in hinoki cypress forests in relation to the time of leaf fall under different climatic conditions in Japan
Authors: Inagaki Yoshiyuki , Okuda Shiro , Sakai Atsushi , Nakanishi Asami , Shibata Shozo , Fukata Hidehisa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLeaf‐litter nitrogen concentration was investigated for 17 hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) forests in the Kochi region on the Pacific Ocean side and the Kyoto region on the Sea of Japan side in Japan where both the amount of precipitation and frequency of typhoon attacks differ between regions. Leaf properties were predicted from climatic, stand, and soil properties by multiple regression analysis. Fresh‐leaf nitrogen was higher in the Kyoto than Kochi regions and was higher where soil C/N ratio is lower. The time of leaf‐fall, i.e., 50% of the annual leaf fall, showed a difference of 86 days among the forests and occurred earlier in forests at higher altitudes. The time of leaf‐fall at higher altitudes was earlier due to the higher susceptibility to strong winds from typhoons. Leaf‐litter nitrogen concentration of annual leaf‐fall or winter leaf‐fall was lower when the time of leaf‐fall occurred later. The results indicate that nitrogen resorption is proficient when leaf‐fall occurs later, leading to lower leaf‐litter nitrogen concentration.
L’entretien psychologique systématique pour les couples optant pour l’IAD: huit ans d’expérience clinique dans une législation prévoyant la levée de l’anonymat du donneur
Authors: Besse D. , Emery M. , Wunder-Galié D. , Wirthner D. 
Published: January 2010

Résumé
La loi sur la procréation médicalement assistée (LPMA) est entrée en vigueur en Suisse en 2001. La PMA est subordonnée au bien de l’enfant, et seul un couple marié peut recourir au don de sperme. Concernant l’insémination artificielle avec sperme de donneur (IAD), la loi a prévu que l’enfant âgé de 18 ans révolu peut obtenir des données concernant l’identité du donneur, et même, en cas d’intérêt légitime, il a le droit d’obtenir toutes les données relatives au donneur. Il est précisé également qu’une assistance psychologique doit être offerte aux couples avant, pendant et après un traitement. L’Unité de médecine de la reproduction (UMR) et le Centre de procréation médicalement assistée (CPMA) à Lausanne ont développé depuis une douzaine d’années une assistance psychologique ajustée à chaque couple appelée « bilan des ressources ». Dans le cas des demandes d’IAD, des questions spécifiques sont discutées, entre autres: faut-il parler à son entourage, à l’enfant de l’origine de sa conception, comment et quand en parler ? Ces questions peuvent aussi être abordées dans des groupes de couples concernés par le sujet de manière fructueuse. Notre expérience nous montre que ces entretiens psychologiques systématiques aident les couples à cheminer tranquillement dans leur réflexion sur le thème du secret, de l’attachement, du droit de l’enfant à savoir d’où il vient.
ON A GRAPH RELATED TO THE MAXIMAL SUBGROUPS OF A GROUP
Authors: HERZOG MARCEL , LONGOBARDI PATRIZIA , MAJ MERCEDE 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet G be a finitely generated group. We investigate the graph ΓM(G), whose vertices are the maximal subgroups of G and where two vertices M1 and M2 are joined by an edge whenever M1∩M2≠1. We show that if G is a finite simple group then the graph ΓM(G) is connected and its diameter is 62 at most. We also show that if G is a finite group, then ΓM(G) either is connected or has at least two vertices and no edges. Finite groups G with a nonconnected graph ΓM(G) are classified. They are all solvable groups, and if G is a finite solvable group with a connected graph ΓM(G), then the diameter of ΓM(G) is at most 2. In the infinite case, we determine the structure of finitely generated infinite nonsimple groups G with a nonconnected graph ΓM(G). In particular, we show that if G is a finitely generated locally graded group with a nonconnected graph ΓM(G), then G must be finite.
Relationship between short stature and obesity in Brazil: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Sichieri Rosely , dos Santos Barbosa Flavia , Moura Erly Catarina 
Published: January 2010

To ascertain the association of BMI and obesity with short stature, a cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in 2006, using a multilevel approach, adjusting for individual- and city-level measures of socio-economic status. The study probabilistic sample consisted of 54 369 adults (>18 years) living in households with access to telephone lines in each urban area of the twenty-six Brazilian state capitals and federal district. Odds of being currently obese and obese at age 20 years were compared between short stature individuals (5th percentile) and those with normal stature. After controlling for individual- and city-level sociodemographic characteristics and behaviours, high BMI was strongly associated with short stature individuals (P = 0·001). Among short stature women the adjusted OR of being obese was 3·0 (95 % CI 2·2, 4·2) compared with those with stature greater than the 5th percentile. Among men this adjusted OR was 2·0 (95 % CI 1·5, 2·6). When comparisons were made for BMI at age 20 years the OR were even larger (6 for men and 8 for women). Despite the growing body of evidence that environmental factors such as poor food choices and physical inactivity are the main determinants of the worldwide obesity epidemic, the greater difference in BMI and prevalence of obesity in the Brazilian capitals was explained mainly by individual factors. We found a strong association between obesity and short stature after adjustment for diet, physical activity, and many environmental factors. Intra- and inter-generational consequences of undernutrition are an alternative explanation for the regional disparities in obesity in Brazil.
Effects of dietary extra-virgin olive oil on behaviour and brain biochemical parameters in ageing rats
Authors: Pitozzi Vanessa , Jacomelli Michela , Zaid Mohamed , Luceri Cristina , Bigagli Elisabetta , Lodovici Maura , Ghelardini Carla , Vivoli Elisa , Norcini Monica , Gianfriddo Marco , Esposto Sonia , Servili Maurizio , Morozzi Guido , Baldi Elisabetta , Bucherelli Corrado , Dolara Piero , Giovannelli Lisa 
Published: January 2010

The aim of the present study was to verify whether extra-virgin olive oil, a dietary component naturally containing phenolic antioxidants, has the potential to protect the brain from the deleterious effects of ageing. To accomplish this goal, we used male rats fed a high-energy diet containing either maize oil, or extra-virgin olive oil with high or low phenol content (720 or 10 mg total phenols/kg oil, corresponding to a daily dose of 4 or 0·05 mg total phenols/kg body weight, respectively) from age 12 months to senescence. The measured endpoints were biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress and functional tests to evaluate motor, cognitive and emotional behaviour. Olive oil phenols did not exert major protective actions on motor and cognitive function, as we observed only a tendency to improved motor coordination on the rotarod in the old animals treated with the oil rich in phenols (40 % average increase in the time to first fall; P = 0·18). However, an interesting finding of the present study was a reduced step-through latency in the light–dark box test, found in the older animals upon treatment with the oil rich in antioxidant phenols, possibly indicating an anxiety-lowering effect. This effect was associated with decreased glutathione reductase activity and expression in the brain, a phenomenon previously associated with decreased anxiety in rodents. These results indicate a previously undetected effect of a diet containing an olive oil rich in phenols. Further studies are warranted to verify whether specific food antioxidants might also have an effect on emotional behaviour.
Rekindling Ancient Values: The Influence of Chinese Music and Aesthetics on Harry Partch
Authors: GRANADE S. ANDREW 
Published: January 2010

AbstractScholarship on American composer Harry Partch (1901–74) has long focused on the composer's use of Greek musical ideals as the basis of his aesthetic, but little attention has been paid to China, a nation with which Partch had familial ties and with which he claimed an affinity. Using Partch's published writings, along with unpublished manuscripts, letters, and interviews, this article repositions China's role in the development of Harry Partch's music and aesthetic. By surveying his early experiences with Cantonese opera, his early expositions of his theoretical thinking, and his first full-scale composition, a setting of seventeen poems by Li Po, it demonstrates that China symbolized an alternative path. China's musical traditions were tied directly to the spoken word and featured integration of the arts through ritual, and thus for Partch presented a way to renew Western music. Through the Chinese musical quotations that reside in several of his works, the article also shows that, despite his later protests to the contrary, Chinese music both informed and shaped his music. Finally, it suggests that only by exploring the implications of China in his music can we fully understand Partch's compositional aesthetic.
Cultural Policy in American Music History: Sammy Davis, Jr., vs. Juvenile Delinquency
Authors: NEKOLA ANNA , KIRKPATRICK BILL 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn 1956 entertainer Sammy Davis, Jr., attempted to organize the music industry in a campaign against juvenile delinquency, using musical public service announcements to encourage teens to stay on the right side of the law. Although popular with the public and some industry insiders, Davis's idea failed, officially because of opposition from the Recording Industry Association of America. Although Davis's campaign went nowhere, we argue that this episode provides an important illustration of the need to broaden our understanding of cultural policy studies in the context of American music history. Specifically, we argue for an approach to policy analysis that draws on poststructuralist historiography to capture the forms that cultural policy takes in the United States, including the specific factors of race, intra-industry struggles, and the persona of Sammy Davis, Jr., himself, a pivotal figure who has been largely neglected by music historians despite embodying many of the key cultural tensions of postwar U.S. society. By examining the case of Sammy Davis, Jr., vs. Juvenile Delinquency, we can achieve a better understanding of how U.S. music, U.S. culture, and cultural policy intersect.
Genome characteristics of a generalist marine bacterial lineage
Authors: Newton Ryan J , Griffin Laura E , Bowles Kathy M , Meile Christof , Gifford Scott , Givens Carrie E , Howard Erinn C , King Eric , Oakley Clinton A , Reisch Chris R , Rinta-Kanto Johanna M , Sharma Shalabh , Sun Shulei , Varaljay Vanessa , Vila-Costa Maria , Westrich Jason R , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Members of the marine Roseobacter lineage have been characterized as ecological generalists, suggesting that there will be challenges in assigning well-delineated ecological roles and biogeochemical functions to the taxon. To address this issue, genome sequences of 32 Roseobacter isolates were analyzed for patterns in genome characteristics, gene inventory, and individual gene/pathway distribution using three predictive frameworks: phylogenetic relatedness, lifestyle strategy and environmental origin of the isolate. For the first framework, a phylogeny containing five deeply branching clades was obtained from a concatenation of 70 conserved single-copy genes. Somewhat surprisingly, phylogenetic tree topology was not the best model for organizing genome characteristics or distribution patterns of individual genes/pathways, although it provided some predictive power. The lifestyle framework, established by grouping isolates according to evidence for heterotrophy, photoheterotrophy or autotrophy, explained more of the gene repertoire in this lineage. The environment framework had a weak predictive power for the overall genome content of each strain, but explained the distribution of several individual genes/pathways, including those related to phosphorus acquisition, chemotaxis and aromatic compound degradation. Unassembled sequences in the Global Ocean Sampling metagenomic data independently verified this global-scale geographical signal in some Roseobacter genes. The primary findings emerging from this comparative genome analysis are that members of the lineage cannot be easily collapsed into just a few ecologically differentiated clusters (that is, there are almost as many clusters as isolates); the strongest framework for predicting genome content is trophic strategy, but no single framework gives robust predictions; and previously unknown homologs to genes for H2 oxidation, proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy, xanthorhodpsin-based phototrophy, and CO2 fixation by Form IC ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) expand the possible mechanisms for energy and carbon acquisition in this remarkably versatile bacterial lineage.
Offsetting virulence and antibiotic resistance costs by MRSA
Authors: Collins James , Rudkin Justine , Recker Mario , Pozzi Clarissa , O'Gara James P , Massey Ruth C 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The prevalence of diverse MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) types in both hospital and community settings is a major health problem worldwide. Here we compare hospital-acquired MRSAs with large type II SCCmec elements with those prevalent in both hospital and community settings with smaller type IV SCCmec elements. We find that the type II but not the type IV SCCmec element causes the bacteria to reduce their levels of costly toxin expression. We compare the relative growth rates of these MRSA types and show that the type II SCCmec carrying MRSAs are more affected than those carrying type IV elements and from this we hypothesize that offsetting the costs associated with antibiotic resistance and toxin expression is why the type II are confined to hospital environments where antibiotic use, the prevalence of immunocompromised individuals and vector-mediated transmission is high. In contrast, those MRSAs that are also successful in the community can maintain their high levels of toxin expression due to a lower fitness burden associated with the smaller SCCmec element.
TATA binding protein binds to single stranded DNA: A new model for eukaryotic transcription
Authors: Irani Rostem 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough the players mediating the initiation of eukaryotic transcription appear to be known, the mechanism is not. In this paper we report findings on the interaction between the TATA box binding protein (TBP) and DNA, using a novel optical technology, that point to a potential plausible physical mechanism, and at the same time tie together a number of otherwise disparate observations. TBP plays a central and ubiquitous role in initiating eukaryotic transcription, binding to promoters with and without the canonical 5’ TATA(A/T)A(A/T)(G/A) 3’ motif1. It also tends to bind to double-stranded DNA promiscuously, and though affinity is lower, the number of binding opportunities is greater. TBP-DNA complexes have been characterized structurally2,3 and thermodynamically4,5, the standard model representing the TBP double-helix complex as the biologically significant entity. Here we show, using a label-free detection method termed Spectral Reflectance Imaging Biosensor6 (SRIB) that TBP binds to single stranded (ss), as well as double stranded (ds), oligonucleotides with the TATA motif, and binds the single-stranded form preferentially. Moreover, TBP binds preferentially to single stranded pyrimidine-rich sequences over purine-rich sequences, which is similar to the Single-Stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) binding pattern. These observations suggest a new model for eukaryotic transcription in which TBP destabilizes the double helix, thereby initiating the open complex bubble necessary for transcription. Furthermore, the role of TBP as a multifunctional protein is discussed.