bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Options épistémologiques et méthodologiques de l'analyse textuelle des discours : l'exemple d'un corpus de slogans politiques
Authors: Micheli Raphaël , Pahud Stéphanie 
Published: June 2012

Cette contribution vise à illustrer une approche d’ analyse textuelle des discours à travers l’étude d’un corpus de slogans politiques. On commence par rapidement formuler deux postulats méthodologiques majeurs de cette approche. ( i ) Dans l’architecture des faits langagiers, la textualité est la dimension privilégiée par l’analyse, ce qui engage une réflexion constante sur les rapports qui unissent, d’une part, les unités micro-linguistiques (du morphème à la phrase) et, d’autre part, les unités de rang séquentiel et textuel. ( ii ) Les textes sont analysés dans leur dépendance à l’égard de normes relatives au type de situation dans lequel ils sont produits et interprétés, et au(x) genre(s) qu’ils actualisent. On introduit ensuite le corpus retenu en problématisant le genre du slogan, ainsi qu’en examinant les caractéristiques qui lui sont traditionnellement associées et le caractère « textuel » de ce type de production verbale. On procède, dans la partie centrale de l’article, à une analyse du corpus en décrivant systématiquement les types d’unités linguistiques qui, à différents niveaux de complexité, sont susceptibles de constituer les slogans. Enfin, on tâche de faire apparaître la manière dont l’analyse textuelle sert une visée herméneutique et éclaire la dimension idéologique des discours.
Les Modes Infinis De La Pensée : Un Défi Pour La Pensée
Authors: Bouchilloux Hélène 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Dans la lettre XXXII à Oldenburg, Spinoza affirme que l’esprit humain n’est que la puissance de la pensée divine, non en tant qu’elle est infinie et perçoit toute la nature, mais en tant qu’elle est finie et ne perçoit que le corps humain, ce qui fait de l’esprit humain « une partie de quelque entendement infini » (partem cujusdam infiniti intellectus) . C’est à l’élucidation de ce « quelque entendement infini » qu’on travaille ici en montrant comment s’élaborent, dans l’ Éthique , la doctrine de l’infinité des attributs divins, puis la doctrine des modes infinis qui, au plan ontologique sinon au plan éthique, implique qu’on s’interroge sur la manière dont se comporte l’attribut de la pensée par rapport à l’infinité des autres attributs. On suggère enfin l’importance de cette enquête, tant pour la compréhension de la formule spinoziste de la connaissance que pour la compréhension de la formule spinoziste du salut.
Le dualisme de Bergson à la lumière de la physique
Authors: Dolbeault Joël 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Le dualisme est peu répandu aujourd’hui, en philosophie de l’esprit. Le plus souvent, il est réduit au dualisme de Descartes, dont certaines faiblesses permettent une critique facile. Pourtant, un autre classique, plus proche de nous, défend un dualisme différent de Descartes : il s’agit de Bergson. Un des traits les plus intéressants du dualisme de Bergson est qu’il s’accompagne d’une conception relativement précise de la matière, qui rencontre assez bien la physique d’aujourd’hui. En comparaison, le physicalisme contemporain semble indifférent à la question de la nature de la matière, et paradoxalement éloigné de la physique.
Rivaroxaban, an Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor: A New Option for Thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Kwong Louis M. 
Published: June 2012

Patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery, including total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), are at high risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Although largely a preventable complication, VTE develops in a significant proportion of patients, highlighting the need for improved methods of VTE prevention. Current thromboprophylactic options are limited by unpredictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (vitamin K antagonists), parenteral/subcutaneous administration (heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins), complicated dosing, and increased risk of bleeding.
Rivaroxaban is an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor that has recently received marketing authorization in the United States for prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery. The clinical pharmacology of rivaroxaban supports a convenient, oral, once-daily dosing regimen without the need for routine coagulation monitoring after THA or TKA. A comprehensive phase II and III study program supports its safety and efficacy for VTE prevention after THA or TKA. Phase III results have demonstrated the superior efficacy of rivaroxaban regimens compared with enoxaparin regimens, with similar rates of major bleeding. This article provides an overview of the phase II and III results that support the use of this agent for the prevention of VTE after elective total hip or knee replacement.
All-arthroscopic Anatomic Repair of an Avulsed Popliteus Tendon in a Multiple Ligament–injured Knee
Authors: Salzler Matthew J. , Martin Scott D. 
Published: June 2012

Multiple ligament–injured knees are a heterogeneous group of knee injuries that lack a clear consensus on optimal treatment. Current areas of controversy include optimal timing of surgery, ligamentous repair vs reconstruction, and combined vs staged procedures. In addition, multiple open, arthroscopic, and arthroscopic-assisted techniques exist for repair and reconstruction of the injured stabilizers of the knee.
Many open posterolateral corner reconstruction techniques have been described, and this article represents the first description of an arthroscopic technique for repair of an avulsed popliteus tendon. This was performed with a standard anterolateral portal in addition to anterior and posterior superolateral portals. Nonabsorbable sutures were passed through the avulsed popliteus tendon in an outside-in technique using a suture shuttle. The nonabsorbable sutures were threaded though a tibial Beath pin, which was then passed through the prepared popliteus footprint and brought out medially. The final position of the popliteus was confirmed arthroscopically, and the sutures were tied medially over a screw post with a washer.
Arthroscopic popliteus repair has many possible advantages. Because the popliteus tendon insertion is intracapsular, open repair necessitates a capsulotomy, with the potential for complications such as postoperative wound drainage, intra-articular sinus formation, infection, and stiffness. Arthroscopic repair may avoid these complications. The current case was performed in conjunction with an open but extracapsular posterolateral corner repair. Further experience with this technique is required to determine its safety and efficacy.
Effect of Topographic Cone Location on Outcomes of Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus and Corneal Ectasia
Authors: Greenstein Steven A. , Fry Kristen L. , Hersh Peter S. 
Published: June 2012

PURPOSE:
To assess the effect of preoperative topographic cone location on 1-year outcomes of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL).

METHODS:
In this prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, 99 eyes (66 keratoconus, 33 ectasia) from 76 patients underwent CXL. Cone location was defined by the coordinates of preoperative maximum keratometry (maximum K) using the anterior sagittal curvature topography map (Pentacam, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). Patients were divided into three groups: those with a maximum K located within the central 3-mm (central cone group), 3- to 5-mm (paracentral cone group), and outside the 5-mm (peripheral cone group) optical zones. Topography and visual acuity data were obtained preoperatively and at 1 year.

RESULTS:

In the combined cohort, maximum K and uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity significantly improved by −1.60±3.40 diopters (D) (
P
<.001), −0.08±0.25 logMAR (
P
=.001), and −0.10±0.18 log-MAR (
P
<.001), respectively. Comparing cone groups, maximum K decreased by 2.60±4.50 D (
P
<.001) in the central cone group, 1.10±2.50 D (
P
=.02) in the paracentral cone group, and 0.40±1.20 D (
P
=.08) in the peripheral cone group. Differences among groups were statistically significant (
P
<.001). Uncorrected distance visual acuity improved by −0.07±0.3 logMAR (
P
=.1) (central cone group), −0.1±0.17 logMAR (
P
=.004) (paracentral cone group), and −0.1±0.25 logMAR (
P
=.04) (peripheral cone group). Corrected distance visual acuity improved by −0.14±0.21 logMAR (
P
<.001) (central cone group), −0.08±0.17 logMAR (
P
=.01) (paracentral cone group), and −0.08±0.12 logMAR (
P
=.002) (peripheral cone group). For both UDVA and CDVA outcomes, these differences among groups were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
After CXL, more topographic flattening occurs in eyes with centrally located cones and the least flattening effect occurs when the cone is located peripherally. This cone-location effect is found in eyes with both keratoconus and ectasia.
Depth of Focus Through Different Intraocular Lenses in Patients With Different Corneal Profiles Using Adaptive Optics Visual Simulation
Authors: Ruiz-Alcocer Javier , Pérez-Vives Cari , Madrid-Costa David , García-Lázaro Santiago , Montés-Micó Robert 
Published: June 2012

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the depth of focus with monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) in patients with different corneal profiles using adaptive optics (AO) visual simulation.

METHODS:
An AO visual simulator (crx1, Imagine Eyes) was used to simulate the aberration pattern of three monofocal IOLs (Acrysof IQ SN60WF [Alcon Laboratories Inc]; Akreos Adapt AO [Bausch & Lomb]; and Triplato [AJL Ophthalmic]) of different optic designs. Five groups were considered: patients without any corneal refractive surgery (normal cornea group) and with prior low and high myopic and hyperopic ablations (low myopic ablation, high myopic ablation, low hyperopic ablation, and high hyperopic ablation groups). Defocus curves for all situations were measured, with the target being moved from −5.00 to +2.50 diopters (D) in 0.25-D steps, and visual acuity was measured at all vergences.

RESULTS:
Ten eyes from 10 patients were evaluated. The higher residual spherical aberration (SA) for all IOLs was obtained for the high myopic ablation group and the most negative residual SA was obtained for the high hyperopic ablation group. The best compromise between distance visual and depth of focus for the normal cornea, low myopic ablation, and high myopic ablation groups was obtained with the aspheric designs, whereas the best results for the low hyperopic and high hyperopic ablation groups were obtained with the spherical IOL.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this study suggest that the better compromise between distance visual acuity and depth of focus with the three IOLs and the different corneal profiles relies on a certain amount of positive SA. Above a certain limit of residual SA (positive or negative), visual acuity decreases at all vergences, worsening the depth of focus.
EWI-2 Association with α-Actinin Regulates T Cell Immune Synapses and HIV Viral Infection
Authors: Gordón-Alonso Mónica , Sala-Valdés Mónica , Rocha-Perugini Vera , Pérez-Hernández Daniel , López-Martín Soraya , Ursa Angeles , Álvarez Susana , Kolesnikova Tatiana V. , Vázquez Jesús , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco , Yáñez-Mó María 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
EWI motif-containing protein 2 (EWI-2) is a member of the Ig superfamily that links tetraspanin-enriched microdomains to the actin cytoskeleton. We found that EWI-2 colocalizes with CD3 and CD81 at the central supramolecular activation cluster of the T cell immune synapse. Silencing of the endogenous expression or overexpression of a cytoplasmic truncated mutant of EWI-2 in T cells increases IL-2 secretion upon Ag stimulation. Mass spectrometry experiments of pull-downs with the C-term intracellular domain of EWI-2 revealed the specific association of EWI-2 with the actin-binding protein α-actinin; this association was regulated by PIP2. α-Actinin regulates the immune synapse formation and is required for efficient T cell activation. We extended these observations to virological synapses induced by HIV and found that silencing of either EWI-2 or α-actinin-4 increased cell infectivity. Our data suggest that the EWI-2–α-actinin complex is involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton at T cell immune and virological synapses, providing a link between membrane microdomains and the formation of polarized membrane structures involved in T cell recognition.
Effect of home‐based HIV counselling and testing on stigma and risky sexual behaviours: serial cross‐sectional studies in Uganda
Authors: Nuwaha Fred , Kasasa Simon , Wana Godwill , Muganzi Elly , Tumwesigye Elioda 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundA large, district‐wide, home‐based HIV counselling and testing (HBHCT) programme was implemented in Bushenyi district of Uganda from 2004 to 2007. This programme provided free HBHCT services to all consenting adults of Bushenyi district and had a very high uptake and acceptability. We measured population‐level changes in knowledge of HIV status, stigma and HIV‐risk behaviours before and after HBHCT to assess whether widespread HBHCT had an effect on trends of risky sexual behaviours and on stigma and discrimination towards HIV.MethodsSerial cross‐sectional surveys were carried out before and after the implementation of HBHCT programme in Bushenyi district of Uganda. A total of 1402 randomly selected adults (18 to 49 years) were interviewed in the baseline survey. After the implementation, a different set of randomly selected 1562 adults was interviewed using the same questionnaire. Data was collected on socio‐demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, whether respondents had ever tested for HIV and stigma and discrimination towards HIV/AIDS.ResultsThe proportion of people who had ever tested for HIV increased from 18.6% to 62% (p<0.001). Among people who had ever tested, the proportion of people who shared HIV test result with a sexual partner increased from 41% to 57% (p<0.001). The proportion of persons who wanted infection status of a family member not to be revealed decreased from 68% to 57% (p<0.001). Indicators of risk behaviour also improved; the proportion of people who exchanged money for sex reduced from 12% to 4% (p<0.001), who used a condom when money was exchanged during a sexual act increased from 39% to 80% (p<0.001) and who reported genital ulcer/discharge decreased from 22% to 10% (p<0.001).ConclusionThese data suggest that HBHCT rapidly increased the uptake of HCT and may have led to reduction in high‐risk behaviours at population level as well as reduction in stigma and discrimination. Because HBCT programmes are cost‐effective, they should be considered for implementation in delivery of HIV services especially in areas where access to HCT is low.
Multivalent Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Enhance the Immune Activation Potency of Agonistic CD40 Antibody
Authors: Gu Luo , Ruff Laura E. , Qin Zhengtao , Corr Maripat , Hedrick Stephen M. , Sailor Michael J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOne of the fundamental paradigms in the use of nanoparticles to treat disease is to evade or suppress the immune system in order to minimize systemic side effects and deliver sufficient nanoparticle quantities to the intended tissues. However, the immune system is the body's most important and effective defense against diseases. It protects the host by identifying and eliminating foreign pathogens as well as self‐malignancies. Here we report a nanoparticle engineered to work with the immune system, enhancing the intended activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs). We show that luminescent porous silicon nanoparticles (LPSiNPs), each containing multiple copies of an agonistic antibody (FGK45) to the APC receptor CD40, greatly enhance activation of B cells. The cellular response to the nanoparticle‐based stimulators is equivalent to a 30–40 fold larger concentration of free FGK45. The intrinsic near‐infrared photoluminescence of LPSiNPs is used to monitor degradation and track the nanoparticles inside APCs.
Pattern formation during vasculogenesis
Authors: Czirok Andras , Little Charles D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractVasculogenesis, the assembly of the first vascular network, is an intriguing developmental process that yields the first functional organ system of the embryo. In addition to being a fundamental part of embryonic development, vasculogenic processes also have medical importance. To explain the organizational principles behind vascular patterning, we must understand how morphogenesis of tissue level structures can be controlled through cell behavior patterns that, in turn, are determined by biochemical signal transduction processes. Mathematical analyses and computer simulations can help conceptualize how to bridge organizational levels and thus help in evaluating hypotheses regarding the formation of vascular networks. Here, we discuss the ideas that have been proposed to explain the formation of the first vascular pattern: cell motility guided by extracellular matrix alignment (contact guidance), chemotaxis guided by paracrine and autocrine morphogens, and sprouting guided by cell–cell contacts. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 96:153–162, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Ruthenium(II) Complexes Functionalized with Coumarin Derivatives: Synthesis, Energy‐Transfer‐Based Sensing of Esterase, Cytotoxicity, and Imaging Studies
Authors: Li Mei‐Jin , Wong Keith Man‐Chung , Yi Changqing , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTwo new bichromophoric ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(bpy‐CM)](PF6)2 and [Ru(bpy)2(bpy‐CM343)](PF6)2 (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, CM=coumarin) with appended coumarin ligands have been designed and synthesized. The energy‐transfer‐based sensing of esterase by the complexes has been studied by using UV/Vis and luminescence spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity and the cellular uptake of one of the complexes have also been investigated.
Reactivity of the 4,5‐Didehydroisoquinolinium Cation
Authors: Vinueza Nelson R. , Archibold Enada F. , Jankiewicz Bartłomiej J. , Gallardo Vanessa A. , Habicht Steven C. , Aqueel Mohammad Sabir , Nash John J. , Kenttämaa Hilkka I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe chemical properties of a 1,8‐didehydronaphthalene derivative, the 4,5‐didehydroisoquinolinium cation, were examined in the gas phase in a dual‐cell Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer. This is an interesting biradical because it has two radical sites in close proximity, yet their coupling is very weak. In fact, the biradical is calculated to have approximately degenerate singlet and triplet states. This biradical was found to exclusively undergo radical reactions, as opposed to other related biradicals with nearby radical sites. The first bond formation occurs at the radical site in the 4‐position, followed by that in the 5‐position. The proximity of the radical sites leads to reactions that have not been observed for related mono‐ or biradicals. Interestingly, some ortho‐benzynes have been found to yield similar products. Since ortho‐benzynes do not react via radical mechanisms, these products must be especially favorable thermodynamically.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties of 6,12‐Diaryl‐Substituted Indeno[1,2‐b]fluorenes
Authors: Nishida Jun‐ichi , Tsukaguchi Shingo , Yamashita Yoshiro 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFused polycyclic indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene derivatives with aryl substituents at the 6,12‐positions have been prepared as a potential antiaromatic 20π electronic system. They showed strong absorptions in the visible region and amphoteric redox properties. The quinoid‐type molecular structures were revealed by X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis, which indicated that the bond lengths of the quinoid unit depend on the aryl substituents. Whereas nucleus‐independent chemical shift NICS(1) calculations indicate the antiaromatic nature of the s‐indacene core, they have higher stability than substituted acene derivatives. The derivatives with difluorophenyl or anthryl groups were stable in solution. Vapor‐deposited thin films showed ambipolar carrier transportation in the field‐effect transistor devices.
Full Exploration of the Diels–Alder Cycloaddition on Metallofullerenes M3N@C80 (M=Sc, Lu, Gd): The D5h versus Ih Isomer and the Influence of the Metal Cluster
Authors: Osuna Sílvia , Valencia Ramón , Rodríguez‐Fortea Antonio , Swart Marcel , Solà Miquel , Poblet Josep M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this work a detailed investigation of the exohedral reactivity of the most important and abundant endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) is provided, that is, Sc3N@Ih‐C80 and its D5h counterpart Sc3N@D5h‐C80, and the (bio)chemically relevant lutetium‐ and gadolinium‐based M3N@Ih/D5h‐C80 EMFs (M=Sc, Lu, Gd). In particular, we analyze the thermodynamics and kinetics of the Diels–Alder cycloaddition of s‐cis‐1,3‐butadiene on all the different bonds of the Ih‐C80 and D5h‐C80 cages and their endohedral derivatives. First, we discuss the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the cycloaddition reaction on the hollow fullerenes and the two isomers of Sc3N@C80. Afterwards, the effect of the nature of the metal nitride is analyzed in detail. In general, our BP86/TZP//BP86/DZP calculations indicate that [5,6] bonds are more reactive than [6,6] bonds for the two isomers. The [5,6] bond D5h‐b, which is the most similar to the unique [5,6] bond type in the icosahedral cage, Ih‐a, is the most reactive bond in M3N@D5h‐C80 regardless of M. Sc3N@C80 and Lu3N@C80 give similar results; the regioselectivity is, however, significantly reduced for the larger and more electropositive M=Gd, as previously found in similar metallofullerenes. Calculations also show that the D5h isomer is more reactive from the kinetic point of view than the Ih one in all cases which is in good agreement with experiments.
Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) provides a new delivery system for targeted treatment
Authors: Kedar Rotem , Sabag Ofra , Licthenstein Michal , Lorberboum‐Galski Haya 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:A wide range of hematologic malignancies arises from numerous cell types. In an attempt to offer a new target for treating B‐cell malignancies, in this study, the authors tested the possibility of using the CD40/CD40L system as a common targeting system for the various malignancies in this group.METHODS:Two chimeric proteins, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L)‐caspase 3 (sCD40L‐l‐Caspase3) and sCD40L‐pseudomonas exotoxin 38 (PE38) (sCD40L‐l‐PE38), were constructed, expressed, and partially purified. The ability of the chimeric proteins to kill tumor cells that expressed CD40 was tested by using proliferation assays. In addition, the induction of apoptosis in treated cells was followed by measuring expression levels of apoptotic proteins using real‐time polymerases chain reaction analysis, caspase 3 enzymatic activity, and tracking changes in the cell cycle with fluorescence‐activated cell‐sorting analysis.RESULTS:The chimeric proteins exhibited concentration‐dependent and time‐dependent killing ability. The new chimeric proteins had no effect in several carcinoma cell lines that did not express the CD40 receptor. Treating tumor cells with sCD40L‐based chimeric proteins led to internalization of the fusion proteins into the cell cytoplasm of B cells. Shortly after treatment, a sharp rise in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) expression levels occurred. Approximately 36 hours after the initiation of treatment, Bcl2 levels dropped, whereas Bcl2‐associated X protein (Bax) expression levels rose, pushing the cells toward apoptosis. Concomitantly, caspase 3 RNA levels rose.CONCLUSIONS:sCD40L‐based chimeric proteins were able to bind and internalize into B cells that expressed the CD40 receptor and specifically and efficiently induced apoptotic death. Moreover, the current results validated for the first time the ability of sCD40L to serve as a direct delivery system for targeted molecules. sCD40L‐based chimeric cytotoxic proteins offer a new weapon in the everlasting war against cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.