bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome
Authors: Leddy John J. , Sandhu Harkeet , Sodhi Vikram , Baker John G. , Willer Barry 
Published: January 2012

Context: Prolonged symptoms after concussion are called post-concussion syndrome (PCS), which is a controversial disorder with a wide differential diagnosis. Evidence Acquisition: MEDLINE and PubMed searches were conducted for the years 1966 to 2011 using the search terms brain concussion/ complications OR brain concussion/ diagnosis OR brain concussion/ therapy AND sports OR athletic injuries. Secondary search terms included post-concussion syndrome, trauma, symptoms, metabolic, sports medicine, cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment and rehabilitation. Additional articles were identified from the bibliographies of recent reviews. Results: Of 564 studies that fulfilled preliminary search criteria, 119 focused on the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment/rehabilitation of concussion and PCS and formed the basis of this review. Rest is the primary treatment for the acute symptoms of concussion. Ongoing symptoms are either a prolonged version of the concussion pathophysiology or a manifestation of other processes, such as cervical injury, migraine headaches, depression, chronic pain, vestibular dysfunction, visual dysfunction, or some combination of conditions. The pathophysiology of ongoing symptoms from the original concussion injury may reflect multiple causes: anatomic, neurometabolic, and physiologic. Conclusions: Treatment approaches depend on the clinician’s ability to differentiate among the various conditions associated with PCS. Early education, cognitive behavioral therapy, and aerobic exercise therapy have shown efficacy in certain patients but have limitations of study design. An algorithm is presented to aid clinicians in the evaluation and treatment of concussion and PCS and in the return-to-activity decision.
Impact of graft-versus-host disease on outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for adult T-cell leukemia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kanda Junya , Hishizawa Masakatsu , Utsunomiya Atae , Taniguchi Shuichi , Eto Tetsuya , Moriuchi Yukiyoshi , Tanosaki Ryuji , Kawano Fumio , Miyazaki Yasushi , Masuda Masato , Nagafuji Koji , Hara Masamichi , Takanashi Minoko , Kai Shunro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Suzuki Ritsuro , Kawase Takakazu , Matsuo Keitaro , Nagamura-Inoue Tokiko , Kato Shunichi , Sakamaki Hisashi , Morishima Yasuo , Okamura Jun , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Uchiyama Takashi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an effective treatment for adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), raising the question about the role of graft-versus-leukemia effect against ATL. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the effects of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on overall survival, disease-associated mortality, and treatment-related mortality among 294 ATL patients who received allogeneic HCT and survived at least 30 days posttransplant with sustained engraftment. Multivariate analyses treating the occurrence of GVHD as a time-varying covariate demonstrated that the development of grade 1-2 acute GVHD was significantly associated with higher overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] for death, 0.65; P = .018) compared with the absence of acute GVHD. Occurrence of either grade 1-2 or grade 3-4 acute GVHD was associated with lower disease-associated mortality compared with the absence of acute GVHD, whereas grade 3-4 acute GVHD was associated with a higher risk for treatment-related mortality (HR, 3.50; P < .001). The development of extensive chronic GVHD was associated with higher treatment-related mortality (HR, 2.75; P = .006) compared with the absence of chronic GVHD. Collectively, these results indicate that the development of mild-to-moderate acute GVHD confers a lower risk of disease progression and a beneficial influence on survival of allografted patients with ATL.
Azacitidine augments expansion of regulatory T cells after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Authors: Goodyear Oliver C. , Dennis Mike , Jilani Nadira Y. , Loke Justin , Siddique Shamyla , Ryan Gordon , Nunnick Jane , Khanum Rahela , Raghavan Manoj , Cook Mark , Snowden John A. , Griffiths Mike , Russell Nigel , Yin John , Crawley Charles , Cook Gordon , Vyas Paresh , Moss Paul , Malladi Ram , Craddock Charles F. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Strategies that augment a GVL effect without increasing the risk of GVHD are required to improve the outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Azacitidine (AZA) up-regulates the expression of tumor Ags on leukemic blasts in vitro and expands the numbers of immunomodulatory T regulatory cells (Tregs) in animal models. Reasoning that AZA might selectively augment a GVL effect, we studied the immunologic sequelae of AZA administration after allogeneic SCT. Twenty-seven patients who had undergone a reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia were treated with monthly courses of AZA, and CD8+ T-cell responses to candidate tumor Ags and circulating Tregs were measured. AZA after transplantation was well tolerated, and its administration was associated with a low incidence of GVHD. Administration of AZA increased the number of Tregs within the first 3 months after transplantation compared with a control population (P = .0127). AZA administration also induced a cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response to several tumor Ags, including melanoma-associated Ag 1, B melanoma antigen 1, and Wilm tumor Ag 1. These data support the further examination of AZA after transplantation as a mechanism of augmenting a GVL effect without a concomitant increase in GVHD. The trial was registered at http://isrctn.org as #ISRCTN36825171.
High-resolution genomic profiling of adult and pediatric core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia reveals new recurrent genomic alterations
Authors: Kühn Michael W. M. , Radtke Ina , Bullinger Lars , Goorha Salil , Cheng Jinjun , Edelmann Jennifer , Gohlke Juliane , Su Xiaoping , Paschka Peter , Pounds Stanley , Krauter Jürgen , Ganser Arnold , Quessar Asmaa , Ribeiro Raul , Gaidzik Verena I. , Shurtleff Sheila , Krönke Jan , Holzmann Karlheinz , Ma Jing , Schlenk Richard F. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Döhner Konstanze , Döhner Hartmut , Downing James R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTo identify cooperating lesions in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia, we performed single-nucleotide polymorphism-array analysis on 300 diagnostic and 41 relapse adult and pediatric leukemia samples. We identified a mean of 1.28 copy number alterations per case at diagnosis in both patient populations. Recurrent minimally deleted regions (MDRs) were identified at 7q36.1 (7.7%), 9q21.32 (5%), 11p13 (2.3%), and 17q11.2 (2%). Approximately one-half of the 7q deletions were detectable only by single-nucleotide polymorphism-array analysis because of their limited size. Sequence analysis of MLL3, contained within the 7q36.1 MDR, in 46 diagnostic samples revealed one truncating mutation in a leukemia lacking a 7q deletion. Recurrent focal gains were identified at 8q24.21 (4.7%) and 11q25 (1.7%), both containing a single noncoding RNA. Recurrent regions of copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity were identified at 1p (1%), 4q (0.7%), and 19p (0.7%), with known mutated cancer genes present in the minimally altered region of 1p (NRAS) and 4q (TET2). Analysis of relapse samples identified recurrent MDRs at 3q13.31 (12.2%), 5q (4.9%), and 17p (4.9%), with the 3q13.31 region containing only LSAMP, a putative tumor suppressor. Determining the role of these lesions in leukemogenesis and drug resistance should provide important insights into core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia.
MicroRNA-650 expression is influenced by immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and affects the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Mraz Marek , Dolezalova Dasa , Plevova Karla , Stano Kozubik Katerina , Mayerova Veronika , Cerna Katerina , Musilova Katerina , Tichy Boris , Pavlova Sarka , Borsky Marek , Verner Jan , Doubek Michael , Brychtova Yvona , Trbusek Martin , Hampl Ales , Mayer Jiri , Pospisilova Sarka 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia as well as in normal B cells. Notably, miRNA gene encoding miR-650 and its homologs overlap with several variable (V) subgenes coding for lambda immunoglobulin (IgLλ). Recent studies describe the role of miR-650 in solid tumors, but its role in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not yet been studied. Our experiments demonstrate that miR-650 expression is regulated by coupled expression with its host gene for IgLλ. This coupling provides a unique yet unobserved mechanism for microRNA gene regulation. We determine that higher expression of miR-650 is associated with a favorable CLL prognosis and influences the proliferation capacity of B cells. We also establish that in B cells, miR-650 targets proteins important in cell proliferation and survival: cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4), and early B-cell factor 3 (EBF3). This study underscores the importance of miR-650 in CLL biology and normal B-cell physiology.
Does a shift in host plants trigger speciation in the Alpine leaf beetle Oreina speciosissima(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)?
Authors: Borer Matthias , van Noort Tom , Arrigo Nils , Buerki Sven , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundWithin the Coleoptera, the largest order in the animal kingdom, the exclusively herbivorous Chrysomelidae are recognized as one of the most species rich beetle families. The evolutionary processes that have fueled radiation into the more than thirty-five thousand currently recognized leaf beetle species remain partly unresolved. The prominent role of leaf beetles in the insect world, their omnipresence across all terrestrial biomes and their economic importance as common agricultural pest organisms make this family particularly interesting for studying the mechanisms that drive diversification. Here we specifically focus on two ecotypes of the alpine leaf beetleOreina speciosissima(Scop.), which have been shown to exhibit morphological differences in male genitalia roughly corresponding to the subspeciesOreina speciosissima sensu strictoandOreina speciosissima troglodytes. In general the two ecotypes segregate along an elevation gradient and by host plants:Oreina speciosissima sensu strictocolonizes high forb vegetation at low altitude andOreina speciosissima troglodytesis found in stone run vegetation at higher elevations. Both host plants and leaf beetles have a patchy geographical distribution. Through use of gene sequencing and genome fingerprinting (AFLP) we analyzed the genetic structure and habitat use ofOreina speciosissimapopulations from the Swiss Alps to examine whether the two ecotypes have a genetic basis. By investigating a wide range of altitudes and focusing on the structuring effect of habitat types, we aim to provide answers regarding the factors that drive adaptive radiation in this phytophagous leaf beetle.ResultsWhile little phylogenetic resolution was observed based on the sequencing of four DNA regions, the topology and clustering resulting from AFLP genotyping grouped specimens according to their habitat, mostly defined by plant associations. A few specimens with intermediate morphologies clustered with one of the two ecotypes or formed separate clusters consistent with habitat differences. These results were discussed in an ecological speciation framework.ConclusionsThe question of whether this case of ecological differentiation occurred in sympatry or allopatry remains open. Still, the observed pattern points towards ongoing divergence between the two ecotypes which is likely driven by a recent shift in host plant use.
Host cell and expression engineering for development of an E. coli ketoreductase catalyst: Enhancement of formate dehydrogenase activity for regeneration of NADH
Authors: Mädje Katharina , Schmölzer Katharina , Nidetzky Bernd , Kratzer Regina 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Enzymatic NADH or NADPH-dependent reduction is a widely applied approach for the synthesis of optically active organic compounds. The overall biocatalytic conversion usually involves in situ regeneration of the expensive NAD(P)H. Oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide, catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2; FDH), presents an almost ideal process solution for coenzyme regeneration that has been well established for NADH. Because isolated FDH is relatively unstable under a range of process conditions, whole cells often constitute the preferred form of the biocatalyst, combining the advantage of enzyme protection in the cellular environment with ease of enzyme production. However, the most prominent FDH used in biotransformations, the enzyme from the yeast Candida boidinii, is usually expressed in limiting amounts of activity in the prime host for whole cell biocatalysis, Escherichia coli. We therefore performed expression engineering with the aim of enhancing FDH activity in an E. coli ketoreductase catalyst. The benefit resulting from improved NADH regeneration capacity is demonstrated in two transformations of technological relevance: xylose conversion into xylitol, and synthesis of (S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol from o-chloroacetophenone.

Results
As compared to individual expression of C. boidinii FDH in E. coli BL21 (DE3) that gave an intracellular enzyme activity of 400 units/gCDW, co-expression of the FDH with the ketoreductase (Candida tenuis xylose reductase; XR) resulted in a substantial decline in FDH activity. The remaining FDH activity of only 85 U/gCDW was strongly limiting the overall catalytic activity of the whole cell system. Combined effects from increase in FDH gene copy number, supply of rare tRNAs in a Rosetta strain of E. coli, dampened expression of the ketoreductase, and induction at low temperature (18°C) brought up the FDH activity threefold to a level of 250 U/gCDW while reducing the XR activity by just 19% (1140 U/gCDW). The E. coli whole-cell catalyst optimized for intracellular FDH activity showed improved performance in the synthesis of (S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol, reflected in a substantial, up to 5-fold enhancement of productivity (0.37 g/gCDW) and yield (95% based on 100 mM ketone used) as compared to the reference catalyst. For xylitol production, the benefit of enhanced FDH expression was observed on productivity only after elimination of the mass transfer resistance caused by the cell membrane.

Conclusions
Expression engineering of C. boidinii FDH is an important strategy to optimize E. coli whole-cell reductase catalysts that employ intracellular formate oxidation for regeneration of NADH. Increased FDH-activity was reflected by higher reduction yields of D-xylose and o-chloroacetophenone conversions provided that mass transfer limitations were overcome.
Evaluation of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 specific immunoglobulin M antibodies for diagnosis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Authors: Yu Nan , Guo Min , He Si-Jie , Pan Yu-Xian , Chen Xin-Xin , Ding Xi-Xia , Hao Wei , Wang Ya-Di , Ge Sheng-Xiang , Xia Ning-Shao , Che Xiao-Yan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundHand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is caused mainly by the human enterovirus type 71 (HEV71) and the Coxsackievirus A group type 16 (CVA16). Large outbreaks of disease have occurred frequently in the Asia-Pacific region. Reliable methods are needed for diagnosis of HFMD in childen. IgM-capture ELISA, with its notable advantages of convenience and low cost, provides a potentially frontline assay. We aimed to evaluate the newly developed IgM-capture ELISAs for HEV71 and CVA16 in the diagnosis of HFMD, and to measure the kinetics of IgM over the course of HEV71 or CVA16 infections.ResultsWe mapped, for the first time, the kinetics of IgM in HEV71 and CVA16 infection. HEV71- and CVA16-IgM were both detectable in some patients on day 1 of illness, and in 100% of patients by day 5 (HEV71) and day 8 (CVA16) respectively; both IgMs persisted for several weeks. The IgM detection rates were 90.2% (138 of 153 sera) and 68.0% (66 of 97 sera) for HEV71 and CVA16 infections, respectively, during the first 7 days of diseases. During the first 90 days after onset these values were 93.6% (233 of 249 sera) and 72.8% (91 of 125 sera) for HEV71 and CVA16 infections, respectively. Some cross-reactivity was observed between HEV71- and CVA16-IgM ELISAs. HEV71-IgM was positive in 38 of 122 (31.1%) CVA16 infections, 14 of 49 (28.6%) other enteroviral infections and 2 of 105 (1.9%) for other respiratory virus infected sera. Similarly, CVA16-IgM was apparently positive in 58 of 211 (27.5%) HEV71 infections, 16 of 48 (33.3%) other enterovirus infections and 3 of 105 (2.9%) other respiratory virus infected sera. Nevertheless, the ELISA yielded the higher OD450value of main antibody than that of cross-reaction antibody, successfully identifying the enteroviral infection in 96.6% (HEV71) and 91.7% (CVA16) cases. When blood and rectal swabs were collected on the same day, the data showed that the agreement between IgM-capture ELISA and real-time RT-PCR in HEV71 was high (Kappa value = 0.729) while CVA16 somewhat lower (Kappa value = 0.300).ConclusionsHEV71- and CVA16-IgM ELISAs can be deployed successfully as a convenient and cost-effective diagnostic tool for HFMD in clinical laboratories.
Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) Intron 1 Methylation in Blood Predicts Verbal Cognitive Impairment in Female Carriers of Expanded FMR1 Alleles: Evidence from a Pilot Study
Authors: Godler David E , Slater Howard R , Bui Quang M , Storey Elsdon , Ono Michele Y , Gehling Freya , Inaba Yoshimi , Francis David , Hopper John L , Kinsella Glynda , Amor David J , Hagerman Randi J , Loesch Danuta Z 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cognitive status in females with mutations in the FMR1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) gene is highly variable. A biomarker would be of value for predicting which individuals were liable to develop cognitive impairment and could benefit from early intervention. A detailed analysis of CpG sites bridging exon 1 and intron 1 of FMR1, known as fragile X–related epigenetic element 2 (FREE2), suggests that a simple blood test could identify these individuals.

METHODS
Study participants included 74 control females (&lt;40 CGG repeats), 62 premutation (PM) females (55–200 CGG repeats), and 18 full-mutation (FM) females assessed with Wechsler intelligence quotient (IQ) tests. We used MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to determine the methylation status of FREE2 CpG sites that best identified low-functioning (IQ &lt;70) FM females (&gt;200 CGG repeats), compared the results with those for Southern blot FMR1 activation ratios, and related these assessments to the level of production of the FMR1 protein product in blood.

RESULTS
A methylation analysis of intron 1 CpG sites 10–12 showed the highest diagnostic sensitivity (100%) and specificity (98%) of all the molecular measures tested for detecting females with a standardized verbal IQ of &lt;70 among the study participants. In the group consisting of only FM females, methylation of these sites was significantly correlated with full-scale IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ. Several verbal subtest scores showed strong correlation with the methylation of these sites (P = 1.2 × 10−5) after adjustment for multiple measures.

CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that hypermethylation of the FMR1 intron 1 sites in blood is predictive of cognitive impairment in FM females, with implications for improved fragile X syndrome diagnostics in young children and screening of the newborn population.
Individualization and Electrical Characterization of SiGe Nanowires
Authors: Monasterio M. , Rodríguez A. , Rodríguez T. , Ballesteros C. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTSiGe nanowires of different Ge atomic fractions up to 15% were grown and ex-situ n-type doped by diffusion from a solid source in contact with the sample. The phenomenon of dielectrophoresis was used to locate single nanowires between pairs of electrodes in order to carry out electrical measurements. The measured resistance of the as-grown nanowires is very high, but it decreases more than three orders of magnitude upon doping, indicating that the doping procedure used has been effective.
Carrier Transport in GaAs Nanowires Using Surface Acoustic Waves
Authors: Hernández-Mínguez A. , Möller M. , Pfüller C. , Breuer S. , Brandt O. , de Lima M. M. , García-Cristóbal A. , Cantarero A. , Geelhaar L. , Riechert H. , Santos P. V. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe oscillating piezoelectric field of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) is employed to transport photoexcited electrons and holes in GaAs nanowires (NWs) transferred to a SAW beam line on a LiNbO3 crystal. We show that carriers generated in the NW by a focused light spot can be acoustically transported to a second location, where they recombine emitting short light pulses. The results presented here demonstrate the high-frequency manipulation of carriers in NWs without the use of electrical contacts, which opens new perspectives for applications in opto-electronic devices operating at GHz frequencies.
Abnormal Audit Fees and Restatements
Authors: Blankley Alan I. , Hurtt David N. , MacGregor Jason E. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARY
We investigate the relationship between audit fees and subsequent financial statement restatements in the years following the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). After controlling for internal control quality, we find that abnormal audit fees are negatively associated with the likelihood that financial statements are subsequently restated. This result conflicts with prior work that finds that audit fees are positively associated with future restatements. Overall, our evidence is consistent with the notion that restatements reflect low audit effort or underestimated audit risk in the periods leading up to the restatement year.
Improving Student Satisfaction in a First-Year Undergraduate Accounting Course by Team Learning
Authors: Opdecam Evelien , Everaert Patricia 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses student satisfaction and course experiences of first-year undergraduate students in an introductory financial accounting course where team learning was implemented during tutorials. Course experiences and satisfaction, as perceived by students in the team learning condition, were compared to those in a traditional lecture-based control condition. A post-experimental questionnaire, with open and closed-ended questions, was administered. Students reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction in the team learning condition and a more positive course experience compared to students in the lecture-based condition. The increased time spent on accounting in the team learning condition resulted in increased learning, as evidenced by higher grades on the final exam in the team learning condition. An analysis of open-ended questions revealed that both learning conditions fit for particular students. High pre-class preparation was considered a strength of the team learning condition, while the comprehensive explanation by the teacher was the most frequently mentioned advantage of the lecture-based condition. This paper further contributes to the practice of accounting education by illustrating a way to implement team learning in a large undergraduate accounting course.
Uniformly bounded set-valued Nemytskij operators acting between generalized Hölder function spaces
Authors: Matkowski Janusz , Wróbel Małgorzata 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
We show that the generator of any uniformly bounded set-valued Nemytskij composition operator acting between generalized Hölder function metric spaces, with nonempty, bounded, closed, and convex values, is an affine function.