bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Process‐Content Approach to Adolescent Identity Formation: Examining Longitudinal Associations Between Identity Styles and Goal Pursuits
Authors: Duriez Bart , Luyckx Koen , Soenens Bart , Berzonsky Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractResearch on identity focuses on the processes involved (e.g., identity style) or its content (e.g., goals and values), but limited research has addressed both issues simultaneously. The present study investigates cross‐lagged relations between identity styles (i.e., informational, normative, and diffuse‐avoidant) and goals (i.e., intrinsic vs. extrinsic and openness to change vs. conservation) in a 3‐wave adolescent sample (N = 806). Results support a reciprocal model, with process and content influencing each other. As for process effects, the informational and diffuse‐avoidant style predicted decreases in conservation goals, and the normative style predicted increases in conservation and extrinsic goals. As for content effects, conservation goals increased the normative style, and extrinsic goals decreased the informational and increased the diffuse‐avoidant style.
RENMINBISING CHINA'S FOREIGN ASSETS
Authors: Cheung Yin‐Wong , Ma Guonan , McCauley Robert N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSince the 2008 global financial crisis, China has rolled out a number of initiatives to actively promote the international role of the renminbi and to denominate more of its international claims away from the US dollar and into the renminbi. The present paper discusses the factors shaping the prospects of internationalising the renminbi from the perspective of the currency composition of China's international assets and liabilities. These factors include, among others, underlying valuation and management of the renminbi.
Iraqi refugees and the humanitarian costs of the Iraq war: What role for social work?
Authors: Harding Scott , Libal Kathryn 
Published: February 2011

Harding S, Libal K. Iraqi refugees and the humanitarian costs of the Iraq war: what role for social work?The US‐led invasion and war in Iraq has created one of the most significant refugee crises in recent decades. International nongovernmental organizations have partnered with local organizations in Jordan and Syria to provide humanitarian aid to some two million displaced Iraqis. Field research indicates that, as with other humanitarian crises, few trained social workers have contributed to policy and practice with displaced Iraqis. The case of Iraq provides an opportunity to consider how the social work profession can shape comprehensive global refugee policies and programs. This role is appropriate, given mandates for the profession to promote social justice and human rights. Using the case of Iraqi displacement, we illustrate the complexities of humanitarian services provision and the need for trained social workers to participate in humanitarian relief and development programs. We argue that a variety of social work institutions and actors should become more robust advocates for shaping just refugee policy and practice.
Democracy on the Edge: Limits and Possibilities in the Implementation of an Urban Reform Agenda in Brazil
Authors: ROLNIK RAQUEL 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe 1990s in Brazil were a time of institutional advances in the areas of housing and urban rights following the signing of the new constitution in 1988 that incorporated the principles of the social function of cities and property, recognition of the right to ownership of informal urban squatters and the direct participation of citizens in urban policy decision processes. These propositions are the pillars of the urban reform agenda which, since the creation of the Ministry of Cities by the Lula government, has come under the federal executive branch. This article evaluates the limitations and opportunities involved in implementing this agenda on the basis of two policies proposed by the ministry — the National Cities Council and the campaign for Participatory Master Plans — focusing the analysis on government organization in the area of urban development in its relationship with the political system and the characteristics of Brazilian democracy.Résumé Au Brésil, les années 1990 ont été marquées par des progrès institutionnels en matière de logement et de droits urbains, dans le sillage de la Constitution de 1988 qui intègre les principes d'une fonction sociale de la ville et de la propriété urbaine, ainsi que la reconnaissance du droit à la propriété pour les squatters urbains et la participation directe des citoyens aux processus d'élaboration des politiques urbaines. Ce sont également les piliers du programme de réforme urbaine qui relève de l'exécutif fédéral depuis la création d'un ministère des Villes par le gouvernement Lula. Pour évaluer les limites et potentiels liés à la mise en place de ce programme, cet article s'appuie sur deux politiques publiques proposées par le ministère, le Conseil national des villes et la campagne en faveur des Plans directeurs participatifs, en analysant plus particulièrement l'organisation gouvernementale en matière d'urbanisme par rapport au système politique et aux caractéristiques de la démocratie brésilienne.
Fine‐scale population genetic structuring of bottlenose dolphins in Irish coastal waters
Authors: Mirimin L. , Miller R. , Dillane E. , Berrow S. D. , Ingram S. , Cross T. F. , Rogan E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe identification of localized discrete populations is particularly important to the management and conservation of animal species, especially in the marine environment, where potential for dispersal is high but barriers to gene flow are often not clear. We investigated population genetic structuring of bottlenose dolphinsTursiops truncatusfound along the west coast of Ireland, with particular attention to the Shannon Estuary, which is the only candidate Special Area of Conservation designated for this species in Irish waters. A genetic structure analysis using 62 biopsy samples from free ranging dolphins and 23 necropsies from stranded dolphins revealed fine‐scale population structure among three distinct populations. The Shannon Estuary population appears to be genetically isolated from adjacent coastal areas, with the exception of four animals sampled from a small group of six dolphins that are now resident in Cork Harbour (south coast) indicating ongoing gene flow or recent dispersal between these two areas. A second genetically distinct aggregation was identified in the Connemara–Mayo region, where recent photo‐identification studies have suggested that dolphins found in this area show a degree of site fidelity. We found moderate nuclear (15 microsatellites) and low mitochondrial (544 bp of the control region) gene diversity in dolphins using the Shannon Estuary and the Connemara–Mayo region, while dolphins that stranded along the coast showed markedly higher levels of gene diversity at both classes of markers. Specifically, these stranded dolphins formed a third genetically distinct cluster, which may be part of a larger pelagic population, as also suggested by the high levels of gene diversity. These results provide new insights into population structure of bottlenose dolphins in Irish waters and will aid future management and conservation of the species in the eastern North Atlantic.
Units of nature or processes across scales? The ecosystem concept at age 75
Authors: Currie William S. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe ecosystem has served as a central organizational concept in ecology for nearly a half century and continues to evolve. As a level in the biotic hierarchy, ecosystems are often viewed as ecological communities integrated with their abiotic environments. This has always been imperfect because of a mismatch of scales between communities and ecosystem processes as they are made operational for field study. Complexity theory has long been forecasted to provide a renewed foundation for ecosystem theory but has been slow to do so. Partly this has arisen from a difficulty in translating theoretical tenets into operational terms for testing in field studies. Ecosystem science has become an important applied science for studying global change and human environmental impacts. Vigorous and important directions in the study of ecosystems today include a growing focus on human‐dominated landscapes and development of the concept of ecosystem services for human resource supply and well‐being. Today, terrestrial ecosystems are viewed less as well‐defined entities or as a level in the biotic hierarchy. Instead, ecosystem processes are being increasingly viewed as the elements in a hierarchy. These occur alongside landscape processes and socioeconomic processes, which combine to form coupled social–ecological systems across a range of scales.ContentsSummary21I.An organizational concept22II.An imperfect marriage22III.A type of complex adaptive system?25IV.A component of social–ecological systems28V.Conclusions and future research30Acknowledgements31References32
The social field of the European corporate elite: a network analysis of interlocking directorates among Europe's largest corporate boards
Authors: HEEMSKERK EELKE M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this article I investigate the emerging patterns of the European corporate elite network as an example of a European social field, as described by Fligstein. The findings confirm that interlocking directorates form a European corporate network. However, the intercorporate network rests on a very small group of European corporate elite members: it remains the playground of a select few pan‐European ‘big linkers’. Although financial institutions and bankers appear in the upper echelons of the network, they do not occupy crucial positions. Rather, (former) CEOs of Europe's largest big non‐financial businesses knit together the network of interlocking directorates. The network rests on a coalescence of finance and industry, rather than on the dominance of the one over the other. Although the project of European unification has been quite successful in organizing the formal institutional structures, it has not yet led to reproduction of a European business community reminiscent of the national communities.
Impact of family functioning on quality of life in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures versus epilepsy
Authors: Curt LaFrance, Jr. W. , Alosco Michael L. , Davis Jennifer Duncan , Tremont Geoffrey , Ryan Christine E. , Keitner Gabor I. , Miller Ivan W. , Blum Andrew S. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryPurpose:  To evaluate different contributions of aspects of family functioning (FF) on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) versus epileptic seizures (ES).Methods:  Forty‐five participants with PNES and 32 with ES completed self‐report measures of FF (Family Assessment Device; FAD), HRQOL (Quality of Life in Epilepsy‐31), and depression (Beck Depression Inventory‐II; BDI‐II). The FAD is a self‐report questionnaire that assesses FF along six dimensions and general functioning. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the contribution of FF to HRQOL above and beyond the effects of disease severity and depression.Key Findings:  Mean Family General Functioning fell in the unhealthy range in participants with ES or PNES. On further analysis, male participants in each group endorsed unhealthy levels of FF compared to female participants. Patients with PNES reported poorer HRQOL and greater depressive symptoms compared to ES participants; there were no gender differences in HRQOL. Regression analyses indicated that the FAD Roles subscale predicted reduced HRQOL in patients with PNES after controlling for illness duration, seizure frequency, and depression. After controlling for the same factors, Communication and Affective Involvement subscales scores predicted HRQOL in ES participants.Significance:  Family dysfunction was reported in both ES and PNES participants, but greater family dysfunction was experienced by male participants in both groups. Aspects of FF predicted HRQOL in patients with PNES and ES differentially. FF may be an important treatment target to enhance coping in these groups, although the treatments may need to target different aspects of FF in PNES versus ES.
Hippocampal damage after prolonged febrile seizure: One case in a consecutive prospective series
Authors: Tanabe Takuya , Hara Keita , Shimakawa Shuichi , Fukui Miho , Tamai Hiroshi 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe factors that contribute to hippocampal damage as a sequela, and its frequency, in patients experiencing febrile status epilepticus, remain unknown. Of the 472 patients with febrile seizures admitted to our hospital between February 2004 and August 2008, 77 had prolonged seizures. Among them, 59 underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 21‐month‐old girl showed hippocampal changes after her first episode of febrile status epilepticus. The seizure lasted about 35 min, with eye deviation to the right and ictal rhythmic discharges in the left hemisphere. MRI at 72 h after the seizure revealed high‐signal intensities in T2 and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images of the left hippocampus. Left hippocampal volume diminished over the next several months suggesting the occurrence of neuronal cell death. In no other cases, not even those with longer seizure durations, did significant hippocampal changes develop. The frequency of hippocampal damage was 1.7% in this case series. The involvement of factors other than seizure duration merits further study.
The Microcirculation: A Target for Developmental Priming
Authors: CLOUGH GERALDINE F. , NORMAN MIKAEL 
Published: February 2011

Please cite this paper as: Clough and Norman (2011). The Microcirculation: A Target for Developmental Priming. Microcirculation 18(4), 286–297.AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the early life environment, of which nutrition is a key component, acts through developmental adaptations to set the capacity of cardiovascular and metabolic pathways, and ultimately the limits to physiological challenges in later life. Suboptimal maternal nutrition and fetal growth result in reduced microvascular perfusion and functional dilator capacity, which are strongly associated with later development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. These conditions are also linked to microvascular rarefaction and remodeling that together limit capillary recruitment, reduce exchange capacity and increase diffusion distances of metabolic substrates, and increase local and overall peripheral resistance. Changes in small vessel structure and function may be seen very early, long before the onset of overt cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and may thus be a target for early therapeutic and lifestyle intervention strategies. This article explores how a disadvantageous microvascular phenotype may result from perinatal priming and how developmental plasticity may become an important and additional risk determinant in susceptibility to cardiometabolic disease in adult life.
Impact of Dietary Soy Isoflavones in Pregnancy on Fetal Programming of Endothelial Function in Offspring
Authors: BONACASA BARBARA , SIOW RICHARD C.M. , MANN GIOVANNI E. 
Published: February 2011

Please cite this paper as: Bonacasa, Siow and Mann (2011). Impact of Dietary Soy Isoflavones in Pregnancy on Fetal Programming of Endothelial Function in Offspring. Microcirculation 18(4), 270–285.AbstractEpidemiological evidence suggests that soy‐based diets containing phytoestrogens (isoflavones) afford protection against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, supplementation trials have largely reported only marginal health benefits. The molecular mechanisms by which the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and equol afford protection against oxidative stress remain to be investigated in large scale clinical trials. Isoflavones are transferred across the placenta in both rodents and humans, yet there is limited information on their actions in pregnancy and the developmental origins of disease. Our studies established that feeding a soy isoflavone‐rich diet during pregnancy, weaning, and postweaning affords cardiovascular protection in aged male rats. Notably, rats exposed to a soy isoflavone‐deficient diet throughout pregnancy and adult life exhibited increased oxidative stress, diminished antioxidant enzyme and eNOS levels, endothelial dysfunction, and elevated blood pressure in vivo. The beneficial effects of refeeding isoflavones to isoflavone‐deficient rats include an increased production of nitric oxide and EDHF, an upregulation of antioxidant defense enzymes and lowering of blood pressure in vivo. This review focuses on the role that isoflavones in the fetal circulation may play during fetal development in affording protection against CVD in the offspring via their ability to activate eNOS, EDHF, and redox‐sensitive gene expression.
Motor performance and haptic perception in preschool boys with specific impairment of expressive language
Authors: Müürsepp Iti , Aibast Herje , Pääsuke Mati 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to investigate motor performance and haptic object recognition (HOR) in 5‐year‐old boys with minor to moderate specific impairment of expressive language (expressive‐SLI).Methods:  Twenty‐eight boys with expressive‐SLI and 26 boys with typical language development as controls were recruited from ordinary kindergartens. An assessment of the voluntary isometric force production and relaxation capacity of the leg extensor muscles, manual dexterity, ball skills, balance and HOR was performed and the results were compared with those for age‐matched control group.Results:  Reaction times to voluntary contraction and relaxation of the leg extensor muscles as well as manual dexterity did not differ significantly in the measured groups. Boys with expressive‐SLI demonstrated poorer results in ball skills (p < 0.01), balance (p < 0.01), less leg extensors strength (p < 0.05) and made considerably more (p < 0.001) errors in haptic perception test when compared to controls.Conclusions:  Deviations in gross‐motor performance and haptic perception are very common in children with minor to moderate expressive‐SLI, being embodied especially in less muscle strength of lower extremities, poorer ball skills, balance and HOR.
Japan's Bubble, the USA's Bubble and China's Bubble
Authors: Ueda Kazuo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper compares the three recent episodes of boom and bust cycles in asset prices: Japan in the late 1980s to the 1990s; the USA since the mid‐1990s; and China during the past decade. Although we have not yet seen a collapse of Chinese property prices, their increases so far are comparable to those in the other two episodes and a careful comparative study is warranted. The present paper first examines the behavior of asset prices, of property prices in particular, in the three cases, and highlights some similarities. The paper emphasizes the role played by extremely easy monetary policy in generating bubble‐like asset price behavior in the three cases. The reason for easy monetary policies is investigated. In the US case, the monetary authority was concerned about the risk of deflation in the early to mid‐2000s. The experiences of Japan and China are quite similar in that the monetary authorities of both countries were seriously concerned about the possible deflationary effects of exchange rate appreciation on the economy. The implications of such a finding for the future of Chinese macroeconomic policy are discussed.
Solvent Dependence of the Photophysical Properties of 2‐Chlorothioxanthone, the Principal Photoproduct of Chlorprothixene
Authors: Piñero Santiago Luis E. , García Carmelo , Lhiaubet‐Vallet Virginie , Miranda Miguel A. , Oyola Rolando 
Published: February 2011

Abstract2‐chlorothioxanthone (CTX) is used as photoinitiator for the reticulation of synthetic resins and for the preparation of pharmaceuticals. It was previously determined that CTX is the primary photoproduct of z‐chlorprothixene (CPTX) when irradiated at 313 nm and is formed in an autocatalyzed reaction through an energy‐transfer mechanism (Piñeroet al.[2009]Photochem. Photobiol.,85, 895–900). In this work, the photophysical properties of CTX were measured in acetonitrile/water solutions to determine if their magnitude can affect the side effects of CPTX. The results show that CTX has higher absorption coefficients in the visible region (400–420 nm) and higher triplet quantum yields than its parent compound. Similar to TX, both properties strongly depend on the solvent polarity/hydroxylicity. The quantum yield of the triplet intermediate is very close to the value of the phenothiazine triplets. The phenothiazines are the most phototoxic antidepressants. Therefore, given the appropriate microenvironment, the photosensitization side effects of CPTX can be intensified on the production of CTX.
Two highly validated multiplexes (12‐plex and 8‐plex) for species delimitation and parentage analysis in oaks (Quercus spp.)
Authors: GUICHOUX E. , LAGACHE L. , WAGNER S. , LÉGER P. , PETIT R.J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMultiplex PCR is a fast and cost‐effective technique allowing increased genotyping throughput of microsatellites. We developed two multiplexes for Quercus petraea and Q. robur, a 12‐plex of EST‐SSRs (eSSRs) and an 8‐plex of genomic SSRs (gSSRs). We studied the origin of allele calling errors at the human reader and software levels. We showed that the robustness of allele identification can be improved by binning on raw peak sizes prior to genetic data analysis. We checked through simulation the power of these markers for species delimitation and hybrid detection. The resolution achieved with all 20 markers was greatly improved compared to that of previous studies based on a subset of the markers. Preliminary PCR tests suggest that these multiplexes might be useful to study other oak species as well. The strategy used for multiplex microsatellite development (from PCR conditions to the definition of allele calling rules) should be broadly applicable.
A mathematical model for evaluating tuberculosis screening strategies
Authors: Jia Zhongwei , Cheng Shiming , Jia Xiaowei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn order to better predict epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) and evaluate the effect of TB control strategies, we added the effect of transmission from permanent residents to migrants to our previous TB model. We simulated the behavior of TB transmission by the extended model. The numerical simulation indicated that the basic reproductive numbers must be less than one in both permanent residents and migrants in order to eliminate the disease from total population. We also evaluated the Canada's TB screening strategy and observe that TB is sensitive to the strategy. Our study suggests that immigrants have a considerable influence on the overall transmission dynamics behavior of tuberculosis. The effective TB control measures should incorporate migrant as well the permanent residents.