bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural transitions, octahedral rotations, and electronic properties of A3Ni2O7 rare-earth nickelates under high pressure
Authors: Geisler Benjamin , Hamlin James J. , Stewart Gregory R. , Hennig Richard G. , Hirschfeld P. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMotivated by the recent observation of superconductivity withTc ~ 80 K in pressurized La3Ni2O71, we explore the structural and electronic properties ofA3Ni2O7bilayer nickelates (A = La-Lu, Y, Sc) as a function of pressure (0–150 GPa) from first principles including a Coulomb repulsion term. At ~ 20 GPa, we observe an orthorhombic-to-tetragonal transition in La3Ni2O7at variance with x-ray diffraction data, which points to so-far unresolved complexities at the onset of superconductivity, e.g., charge doping by variations in the oxygen stoichiometry. We compile a structural phase diagram that establishes chemical and external pressure as distinct and counteracting control parameters. We find unexpected correlations betweenTcand thein-planeNi-O-Ni bond angles for La3Ni2O7. Moreover, two structural phases with significantc+octahedral rotations and in-plane bond disproportionations are uncovered forA = Nd-Lu, Y, Sc that exhibit a pressure-driven electronic reconstruction in the Niegmanifold. By disentangling the involvement of basal versus apical oxygen states at the Fermi surface, we identify Tb3Ni2O7as an interesting candidate for superconductivity at ambient pressure. These results suggest a profound tunability of the structural and electronic phases in this novel materials class and are key for a fundamental understanding of the superconductivity mechanism.
Differences in schizophrenia treatments by race and ethnicity—analysis of electronic health records
Authors: Medina Candice , Akinkunmi Ayooluwa , Bland Nevaeh , Velthorst Eva , Reichenberg Avi , Khachadourian Vahe , Modabbernia Amirhossein , Janecka Magdalena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRacial disparities in prescriptions of anti-psychotics have been highlighted before. However, (i) the evidence on other medications, including anti-depressant or mood stabilizing medications is lacking, and (ii) the role of potentially confounding factors and (iii) specificity of such disparities to schizophrenia (SCZ), are still unknown. We used electronic health records (EHRs) from 224,212 adults to estimate the odds ratios of receiving a prescription for different nervous system medications among patients with SCZ of different race/ethnicity, and analogous linear models to investigate differences in prescribed medication doses. To verify specificity of the observed patterns to SCZ, we conducted analogous analyses in depression and bipolar disorder (BD) patients. We found that Black/African American (AA) and Hispanic patients with SCZ were more likely to be prescribed haloperidol (Black/AA: OR = 1.52 (1.33–1.74); Hispanic: OR = 1.32 (1.12–1.55)) or risperidone (Black/AA: OR = 1.27 (1.11–1.45); Hispanic: OR = 1.40 (1.19–1.64)), but less likely to be prescribed clozapine (Black/AA: OR = 0.40 (0.33-0.49); Hispanic: OR = 0.45 (0.35-0.58)), compared to white patients. There were no race/ethnicity-related differences in the prescribed medication doses. These patterns were not specific to SCZ: Asian, Hispanic and Black/AA patients with BD or depression were more likely to be prescribed anti-psychotics, but less likely to be prescribed antidepressants or mood-stabilizers. In conclusion, we found racial/ethnic disparities in the medications prescribed to patients with SCZ and other psychiatric conditions. We discuss the potential implications for the quality of care for patients of diverse races/ethnicities.
Chemical screening by time-resolved X-ray scattering to discover allosteric probes
Authors: Brosey Chris A. , Link Todd M. , Shen Runze , Moiani Davide , Burnett Kathryn , Hura Greg L. , Jones Darin E. , Tainer John A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrug discovery relies on efficient identification of small-molecule leads and their interactions with macromolecular targets. However, understanding how chemotypes impact mechanistically important conformational states often remains secondary among high-throughput discovery methods. Here, we present a conformational discovery pipeline integrating time-resolved, high-throughput small-angle X-ray scattering (TR-HT-SAXS) and classic fragment screening applied to allosteric states of the mitochondrial import oxidoreductase apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). By monitoring oxidized and X-ray-reduced AIF states, TR-HT-SAXS leverages structure and kinetics to generate a multidimensional screening dataset that identifies fragment chemotypes allosterically stimulating AIF dimerization. Fragment-induced dimerization rates, quantified with time-resolved SAXS similarity analysis (kVR), capture structure–activity relationships (SAR) across the top-ranked 4-aminoquinoline chemotype. Crystallized AIF–aminoquinoline complexes validate TR-SAXS-guided SAR, supporting this conformational chemotype for optimization. AIF–aminoquinoline structures and mutational analysis reveal active site F482 as an underappreciated allosteric stabilizer of AIF dimerization. This conformational discovery pipeline illustrates TR-HT-SAXS as an effective technology for targeting chemical leads to important macromolecular states.
Rate splitting with semantics as a generalized multi-access framework for intelligent reflecting surfaces
Authors: Jagatheesaperumal Senthil Kumar , Yang Zhaohui , Hassan Md. Rafiul , Hassan Mohammad Mehedi , Fortino Giancarlo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancement of modern communication technologies necessitates the development of generalized multi-access frameworks and the continuous implementation of rate splitting, augmented with semantic awareness. This trend, coupled with the mounting pressure on wireless services, underscores the need for intelligent approaches to radio signal propagation. In response to these challenges, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) have garnered significant attention for their ability to control data transmission systems in a goal-oriented and dynamic manner. This innovation is largely attributed to equitable resource allocation and the dynamic enhancement of network performance. However, the integration of rate-splitting multi-access (RSMA) architecture with semantic considerations imposes stringent requirements on IRS platforms to ensure seamless connectivity and broad coverage for a diverse user base without interference. Semantic communications hinge on a knowledge base-a centralized repository of integrated information related to the transmitted data-which becomes critically important in multi-antenna scenarios. This article proposes a novel set of design strategies for RSMA-IRS systems, enabled by reconfigurable intelligent surface synergizing with semantic communication principles. An experimental analysis is presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of these design guidelines in the context of Beyond 5G/6G communication systems. The RSMA-IRS model, infused with semantic communication, offers a promising solution for future wireless networks. Performance evaluations of the proposed approach reveal that, despite an increase in the number of users, the delay in the RSMA-IRS framework incorporating semantics is 2.94% less than that of a RSMA-IRS system without semantic integration.
Superovulation with an anti-inhibin monoclonal antibody improves the reproductive performance of rat strains by increasing the pregnancy rate and the litter size
Authors: Mochida Keiji , Morita Kohtaro , Sasaoka Yoshio , Morita Kento , Endo Hitoshi , Hasegawa Ayumi , Asano Masahide , Ogura Atsuo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRats are multiparous rodents that have been used extensively in research; however, the low reproductive performance of some rat strains hampers the broader use of rats as a biomedical model. In this study, the possibility of increasing the litter size after natural mating in rats through superovulation using an anti-inhibin monoclonal antibody (AIMA) was examined. In outbred Wistar rats, AIMA increased the number of ovulated oocytes by 1.3-fold. AIMA did not affect fertilization and subsequent embryonic development, resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in litter size and a high pregnancy rate (86%). In contrast, conventional superovulation by eCG/hCG administration decreased the pregnancy rate to 6–40% and did not increase the litter size. In inbred Brown Norway rats, AIMA increased the litter size by 1.2-fold, and the pregnancy rate increased more than twice (86% versus 38% in controls). AIMA also increased the litter size by 1.5-fold in inbred Tokai High Avoiders and Fischer 344 rats. AIMA increased the efficiency of offspring production by 1.5-, 2.7-, 1.4-, and 1.4-fold, respectively, in the four rat strains. Thus, AIMA may consistently improve the reproductive performance through natural mating in rats, which could promote the use of AIMA in biomedical research.
Sex-specific associations between the environmental exposures and low-grade inflammation and increased blood pressure in young, healthy subjects
Authors: Marchewka Wojciech M. , Bryniarski Krzysztof L. , Marchewka Jakub M. , Popiołek Iwona , Dębski Grzegorz , Badacz Rafał , Marchewka Ida , Podolec-Szczepara Natalia , Jasiewicz-Honkisz Barbara , Mikołajczyk Tomasz P. , Guzik Tomasz J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLong-term exposures to environmental factors including airborne as well as noise pollutants, are associated with cardiovascular risk. However, the influence of environmental pollution on the young population is controversial. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the relationships between long-term exposures to different environmental factors and major cardiovascular and inflammatory parameters and biomarkers in young, healthy subjects. Representative sample of permanent residents of two cities differing in air and noise pollution levels, aged 15–21 years, were recruited. Krakow and Lublin, both located in southern Poland, were chosen in relation to their similarities in demographic and geopolitical characteristics, but differences in air pollution (higher in Krakow) and noise parameters (higher in Lublin). A total of 576 subjects were studied: 292 in Krakow and 284 in Lublin. All subjects underwent health questionnaire, blood pressure measurements and biomarker determinations. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as CRP, hs-CRP, fibrinogen as well as homocysteine were all significantly higher in subjects living in Krakow as opposed to subjects living in Lublin (for hsCRP: 0.52 (0.32–0.98) mg/l vs. 0.35 (0.22–0.67) mg/l; p < 0.001). Increased inflammatory biomarker levels were observed in Krakow in both male and female young adults. Interestingly, significant differences were observed in blood pressure between male and female subjects. Males from Krakow had significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure (127.7 ± 10.4 mm/Hg vs. 122.4 ± 13.0 mm/Hg; p = 0.001), pulse pressure (58.7 ± 8.9 mm/Hg vs. 51.4 ± 12.3 mm/Hg; p < 0.001) and lower heart rate (p < 0.001) as compared to males living in Lublin. This was not observed in young adult females. Long-term exposure to environmental factors related to the place of residence can significantly influence inflammatory and cardiovascular parameters, even in young individuals. Interestingly, among otherwise healthy young adults, blood pressure differences exhibited significant variations based on biological sex.
Improved phase-to-height mapping method combine with device attitude
Authors: Han Shuhuan , Yang Yanxi , Li Xinjie , Zhao Xubo , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhase-to-height mapping is one of the important processes in three dimensional phase measurement profilometry. But, in traditional phase-to-height mapping method, the measurement accuracy is affected by device attitude, so it needs saving a large amount of mapping equations to achieve high-quality phase-to-height mapping. In order to improve that, this paper proposes an improved phase-to-height mapping method combine with device attitude. Firstly, we get the unwrapped phase of the target. Then, using generalized regression neural network is used to reduce the offset of phase information at the same height due to the randomness of device attitude. Last, the phase-to-height mapping is completed by substituting the unwrapped phase (the difference between having detected object and no detected object) of eliminate the offset into improved phase-to-height mapping method. Experimental results show that the proposed method could achieve high-quality phase-to-height mapping with less mapping equation and less memory space. Compared with the nonlinear phase-to-height mapping method (probabilistic neural network to eliminate phase offset), its accuracy is improved by 44.30%. Compared with the nonlinear phase-to-height mapping method (radial basis function neural network to eliminate phase offset), the accuracy is improved by 39.58%.
The transcription factor STE12 influences growth on several carbon sources and production of dehydroacetic acid (DHAA) in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Schalamun Miriam , Hinterdobler Wolfgang , Schinnerl Johann , Brecker Lothar , Schmoll Monika 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe filamentous ascomycete Trichoderma reesei, known for its prolific cellulolytic enzyme production, recently also gained attention for its secondary metabolite synthesis. Both processes are intricately influenced by environmental factors like carbon source availability and light exposure. Here, we explore the role of the transcription factor STE12 in regulating metabolic pathways in T. reesei in terms of gene regulation, carbon source utilization and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. We show that STE12 is involved in regulating cellulase gene expression and growth on carbon sources associated with iron homeostasis. STE12 impacts gene regulation in a light dependent manner on cellulose with modulation of several CAZyme encoding genes as well as genes involved in secondary metabolism. STE12 selectively influences the biosynthesis of the sorbicillinoid trichodimerol, while not affecting the biosynthesis of bisorbibutenolide, which was recently shown to be regulated by the MAPkinase pathway upstream of STE12 in the signaling cascade. We further report on the biosynthesis of dehydroacetic acid (DHAA) in T. reesei, a compound known for its antimicrobial properties, which is subject to regulation by STE12. We conclude, that STE12 exerts functions beyond development and hence contributes to balance the energy distribution between substrate consumption, reproduction and defense.
Changing epidemiology of parvovirus B19 in the Netherlands since 1990, including its re-emergence after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Russcher Anne , van Boven Michiel , Benincà Elisa , Verweij E. J. T. , Molenaar-de Backer Marijke W. A. , Zaaijer Hans L. , Vossen Ann C. T. M. , Kroes Aloys C. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParvovirus B19V (B19V) infection during pregnancy can be complicated by potentially life-threatening fetal hydrops, which can be managed by intrauterine transfusion (IUT). This study investigates the long-term temporal patterns in the epidemiology of B19V and evaluates the impact on fetal hydrops, by combining data on B19V infections from the Dutch Sentinel Surveillance system in the period 1990 to 2023, Dutch blood banking data and hospital data on fetal hydrops. Using wavelet analysis, we identified annual epidemic cycles in the Netherlands in the period 1990–2019 and we identified superimposed multiannual cycles in the period 1990–2009. After 2009, no multiannual cycle could be identified, although the incidence fluctuated and correlates with number of IUT performed. As of 2020, weekly reports of B19V infection demonstrated a historically low incidence and B19V-DNA positive blood donors were nearly absent. From May 2020 to May 2023, no IUT for B19V-related hydrops was performed. In the spring of 2023, B19V infections re-emerged, reaching pre-pandemic epidemic levels. Due to the changes in B19V epidemiology over the last 30 years and the near-absence of B19V during the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting low immunity levels may lead to rebound outbreaks. Alertness to severe complications such as fetal hydrops is warranted.
Regionally-triggered geomagnetic reversals
Authors: Terra-Nova Filipe , Amit Hagay 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSystematic studies of numerical dynamo simulations reveal that the transition from dipole-dominated non-reversing fields to models that exhibit reversals occurs when inertial effects become strong enough. However, the inertial force is expected to play a secondary role in the force balance in Earth’s outer core. Here we show that reversals in numerical dynamo models with heterogeneous outer boundary heat flux inferred from lower mantle seismic anomalies appear when the amplitude of heat flux heterogeneity is increased. The reversals are triggered at regions of large heat flux in which strong small-scale inertial forces are produced, while elsewhere inertial forces are substantially smaller. When the amplitude of heat flux heterogeneity is further increased so that in some regions sub-adiabatic conditions are reached, regional skin effects suppress small-scale magnetic fields and the tendency to reverse decreases. Our results reconcile the need for inertia for reversals with the theoretical expectation that the inertial force remains secondary in the force balance. Moreover, our results highlight a non-trivial non-monotonic behavior of the geodynamo in response to changes in the amplitude of the core-mantle boundary heat flux heterogeneity.
Global warming significantly increases the risk of Pierce’s disease epidemics in European vineyards
Authors: Giménez-Romero Àlex , Iturbide Maialen , Moralejo Eduardo , Gutiérrez José M. , Matías Manuel A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPierce’s disease (PD) is a vector-borne disease caused by the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa, which affects grapevines in the Americas. Currently, vineyards in continental Europe, the world’s largest producer of quality wine, have not yet been affected by PD. However, climate change may alter this situation. Here we incorporate the latest regional climate change projections into a climate-driven epidemiological model to assess the risk of PD epidemics in Europe for different levels of global warming. We found a significant increase in risk above $$+\,2\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

+

2

∘

C

in the main wine-producing regions of France, Italy and Portugal, in addition to a critical tipping point above $$+\,3\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

+

3

∘

C

for the possible spread of PD beyond the Mediterranean. The model identifies decreasing risk trends in Spain, as well as contrasting patterns across the continent with different velocities of risk change and epidemic growth rates. Although there is some uncertainty in model projections over time, spatial patterns of risk are consistent across different climate models. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the future of PD at multiple spatial scales (country, Protected Designation of Origin and vineyard), revealing where, why and when PD could become a new threat to the European wine industry.
Influence of different factors on coseismic deformation of the 2015 Mw7.8 earthquake in Nepal
Authors: Wu Rui , Dong Xibin , Xia Bo , Wang Weisi , She Xiayu , Chu ZiMing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn Geophysics, topographic factors are observations that can be directly measured, but they are often ignored to simplify the model. Studying the coseismic deformation caused by earthquakes helps accurately determine the epicenter's parameterization. It provides a reference for the reasonable layout of coseismic observation stations and GNSS observation stations. After the Mw7.8 earthquake in Nepal in 2015, GCMT, USGS, GFZ, CPPT, and other institutions released their epicenter parameter. However, according to their parameters, the coseismic displacements simulated by the spectral-element method are quite different from the GNSS observations. Firstly, this paper inverts the geometric parameters of the seismogenic fault with Nepal’s coseismic GNSS displacement. The spectral-element method determines the source's location and depth under the heterogeneous terrain and outputs the source parameters. Among the results of many studies, the surface source is more consistent with the generation mechanism of large earthquakes. Secondly, this paper calculates the fault slip distribution of this earthquake using SDM (Steepest Descent Method) based on GNSS and InSAR data, which is divided into 1500 subfaults, and the moment tensor of each subfault is calculated. This paper investigates the distribution characteristics of the coseismic deformation field of the 2015 Mw 7.8 earthquake in Nepal under three different models. The results show that the influence of topographic factors is ~ 20%, and the influence of heterogeneous factors is ~ 10%. This paper concludes that the influence of topographic factors is much more significant than that of heterogeneous factors, and the influence of both should be addressed in coseismic deformation calculations.
Comparing various AI approaches to traditional quantitative assessment of the myocardial perfusion in [82Rb] PET for MACE prediction
Authors: Bors Sacha , Abler Daniel , Dietz Matthieu , Andrearczyk Vincent , Fageot Julien , Nicod-Lalonde Marie , Schaefer Niklaus , DeKemp Robert , Kamani Christel H. , Prior John O. , Depeursinge Adrien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAssessing the individual risk of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) is of major importance as cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) parameters such as stress Myocardial Blood Flow (sMBF) or Myocardial Flow Reserve (MFR) constitutes the gold standard for prognosis assessment. We propose a systematic investigation of the value of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to leverage [$$^{82}$$

82

Rb] Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) PET MPI for MACE prediction. We establish a general pipeline for AI model validation to assess and compare the performance of global (i.e. average of the entire MPI signal), regional (17 segments), radiomics and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models leveraging various MPI signals on a dataset of 234 patients. Results showed that all regional AI models significantly outperformed the global model ($$p<0.001$$

p
<
0.001

), where the best AUC of 73.9% (CI 72.5–75.3) was obtained with a CNN model. A regional AI model based on MBF averages from 17 segments fed to a Logistic Regression (LR) constituted an excellent trade-off between model simplicity and performance, achieving an AUC of 73.4% (CI 72.3–74.7). A radiomics model based on intensity features revealed that the global average was the least important feature when compared to other aggregations of the MPI signal over the myocardium. We conclude that AI models can allow better personalized prognosis assessment for MACE.