bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental goals and talk with toddlers
Authors: Rowe Meredith L. , Casillas Allison 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMyriad studies support a relation between parental beliefs and behaviours. This study adds to the literature by focusing on the specific relationship between parental goals and their communication with toddlers. Do parents with different goals talk about different topics with their children? Parents' goals for their 30‐month olds were gathered using semi‐structured interviews with 47 primary caregivers, whereas the topics of conversations that took place during interactions were investigated via coding videotapes of observations in the home. Parents' short‐ and long‐term goals spanned several areas, including educational, social–emotional, developmental and pragmatic goals. Parental utterances most frequently focused on pragmatic issues, followed by play and academic topics. Parents who mentioned long‐term educational goals devoted more of their talk to academic topics and less to pragmatic topics, controlling for socio‐economic status. Thus, parental goals differ and these differences relate to the conversations parents engage in with their children. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility of 3‐amino‐4,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine in heterocyclic synthesis
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis review describe the synthesis and reactions of 3‐amino‐4,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine as building block for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized heterocyclic compounds with pharmacological interest. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.
Synthesis of new derivatives of 3‐aryl‐1,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4′,3′:1,2]pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,3,4]oxadiazines as potential antiproliferative agents
Authors: Bakavoli Mehdi , Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Shiri Ali , Akbarzadeh Marzieh , Mousavi Seyed‐Hadi , Tayarani‐Najaran Zahra , Atapour‐Mashhad Hoda , Nikpour Mohsen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStarting from pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,3,4]oxadiazines (3a, 3b, 3c), a synthetic pathway to [1,2,4]triazolo[4′,3′:1,2]pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,3,4]oxadiazines (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i) is described. The reaction of pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,3,4]oxadiazines (3a, 3b, 3c) with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding hydrazino derivatives (4a, 4b, 4c). Further treatment of these compounds with different orthoesters in acetic acid gave the corresponding [1,2,4]triazolo[4′,3′:1,2]pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,3,4]oxadiazines (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i). Compound (3a) and (5b), as examples, were tested on different cancer cell lines including HeLa, MCF‐7, and HepG2. Malignant cells were cultured in DMEM medium and incubated with different concentrations of the titled compounds. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis and growth regulatory activity of pyrazolesulfanyl‐ and isoxazolesulfanyl‐1H‐[1,2,4]triazoles and their azinyl derivatives
Authors: Eliazyan Karine A. , Shahbazyan Lusya V. , Pivazyan Vergush A. , Yengoyan Aleksandr P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBy cyclocondensation of 3‐(1H‐[1,2,4]triazol‐3‐ylsulfanyl)‐pentane‐2,4‐dion with hydroxylamine, hydrazine, methylhidrazine, and arylsulfonyl‐hydrazides, the 3‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐isoxazol‐4‐ylsulfanyl)‐1H‐[1,2,4]triazole (2) and 3‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐R‐pyrazol‐4‐ylsulfanyl)‐1H‐[1,2,4]triazoles (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) are synthesized. Under the action of quaternary ammonium salts of azines with limited heating in acetone they form a series of compounds (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h), which molecules simultaneously contain three different heterocyclic rings. Structures of compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The plants growth regulatory activities of compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h were investigated. Data of biological tests testify that these compounds can be of interest to search for new growth stimulators. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Precipitation dynamics in southern Spain: trends and cycles
Authors: Ruiz Sinoga Jose Damian , Garcia Marin Ramón , Martinez Murillo Juan Francisco , Gabarron Galeote Miguel Angel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe temporal variability of precipitation in southern Spain was analysed to detect trends and cycles. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether there has been a decrease in precipitation in southern Spain and (2) to evaluate if any decrease is related to temporal cycles or is a well‐defined trend. The study was based on analysis of data series from nine monitoring stations in the Andalusia area of the Spanish Mediterranean. The Pettit test and temporal variability analyses were carried out using the temporal databases (1960–2006) from the selected stations. The results indicate that (1) there were significant differences in precipitation throughout the study period based on the location of the stations; (2) a negative trend in precipitation was observed for the east coast and inland stations, and an increasing trend in precipitation was observed for stations on the west coast; and (3) a general decreasing trend in seasonal precipitation, especially in winter, autumn, and spring, was observed for all stations except those on the west coast. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Layer‐by‐layer self‐assembled multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/silica microsphere composites as stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Liang Xiaojing , Liu Shujuan , Liu Hongmei , Liu Xia , Jiang Shengxiang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were layer‐by‐layer assembled onto silica microspheres to form MWCNTs/SiO2 composites and were characterized by surface analysis, elemental analysis, and contact angle. The composite was used as a stationary phase in HPLC for the separation of many kinds of aromatic compounds. The separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affected by the number of MWCNTs layers on SiO2 was investigated. Retention times and resolutions of PAHs were affected by the assembled layer of MWCNTs and the type of organic additive in the mobile phase. When the MWCNTs layer increased to 5 (MWCNTs/SiO2‐5), PAHs can be completely separated. Aromatic compounds with different substituents can be well separated when only water was used as the eluent on the MWCNTs/SiO2‐5 column. Decreasing the pH of the eluent can increase the retention factors of organic acids. Organic amines can also be separated with acetonitrile as organic additive, which were eluted in the order of the electronic cloud density of their aromatic rings. Comparing the MWCNTs/SiO2‐5 column with a commercial HPLC column, it was clearly shown that the commercial column exhibited the characteristic of hydrophobicity, and the MWNCTs/SiO2‐5 column exhibited the characteristic of a large π‐electron system.
Carbon nanotubes‐assisted polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for enhanced separation of human serum proteins and application in liverish diagnosis
Authors: Jiang Fubin , Wang Yanan , Hu Xinfang , Shao Na , Na Na , Delanghe Joris R. , Ouyang Jin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe application of pore‐gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PG‐PAGE) incorporated with carbon nanotube modified by Triton X‐100 and carboxylation so as to improve the separation of human serum proteins is reported. The novel PG‐PAGE was made by adding water‐soluble single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) when preparing the polyacrylamide gel. Significant improvements in separation of complement C3 protein and haptoglobin (Hp) in human serum were achieved. It was estimated that the interactions between the hydrophilic groups on the proteins and the surface of the CNTs result in different adsorption kinetics of complement C3 and Hp subtype on the nanoparticles incorporated in the gel, thus enhancing the separation of the two proteins in serum. This new CNT matrix‐assisted PG‐PAGE method for enhanced separation of complement C3 and Hp in human serum was successfully applied to distinguish the samples from liverish patients and healthy people.
Selectivity issues in targeted metabolomics: Separation of phosphorylated carbohydrate isomers by mixed‐mode hydrophilic interaction/weak anion exchange chromatography
Authors: Hinterwirth Helmut , Lämmerhofer Michael , Preinerstorfer Beatrix , Gargano Andrea , Reischl Roland , Bicker Wolfgang , Trapp Oliver , Brecker Lothar , Lindner Wolfgang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPhosphorylated carbohydrates are important intracellular metabolites and thus of prime interest in metabolomics research. Complications in their analysis arise from the existence of structural isomers that do have similar fragmentation patterns in MS/MS and are hard to resolve chromatographically. Herein, we present selective methods for the liquid chromatographic separation of sugar phosphates, such as hexose and pentose phosphates, 2‐ and 3‐phosphoglycerate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate, as well as glucosamine 1‐ and 6‐phosphate utilizing mixed‐mode chromatography with reversed‐phase/weak anion‐exchangers and a charged aerosol detector. The best results were obtained when the reversed‐phase/weak anion‐exchanger column was operated under hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography elution conditions. The effects of various chromatographic parameters were examined and are discussed on the basis of a simple stoichiometric displacement model for explaining ion‐exchange processes. Employed acidic conditions have led to the complete separation of α‐ and β‐anomers of glucose 6‐phosphate at low temperature. The anomers coeluted in a single peak at elevated temperatures (>40°C) (peak coalescence), while at intermediate temperatures on‐column interconversion with a plateau in‐between resolved anomer peaks was observed with apparent reaction rate constants between 0.1 and 27.8×10−4 s−1. Dynamic HPLC under specified conditions enabled to investigate mutarotation of phosphorylated carbohydrates, their interconversion kinetics, and energy barriers for interconversion. A complex mixture of six hexose phosphate structural isomers could be resolved almost completely.
Surface‐modified TiO2 nanoparticles as affinity probes and as matrices for the rapid analysis of phosphopeptides and proteins in MALDI‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Ke Yaotang , Kailasa Suresh Kumar , Wu Hui‐Fen , Nawaz Mohd 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe utilized three different types of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) namely TiO2‐dopamine, TiO2‐CdS and bare TiO2 NPs as multifunctional nanoprobes for the rapid enrichment of phosphopeptides from tryptic digests of α‐ and β‐casein, milk and egg white using a simplified procedure in MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Surface‐modified TiO2 NPs serve as effective matrices for the analysis of peptides (gramicidin D, HW6, leucine‐enkephalin and methionine‐enkephalin) and proteins (cytochrome c and myoglobin) in MALDI‐TOF‐MS. In the surface‐modified TiO2 NPs‐based MALDI mass spectra of these analytes (phosphopetides, peptides and proteins), we found that TiO2‐dopamine and bare TiO2 NPs provided an efficient platform for the selective and rapid enrichment of phosphopeptides and TiO2‐CdS NPs efficiently acted as the matrix for background‐free detection of peptides and proteins with improved resolution in MALDI‐MS. We found that the upper detectable mass range is 17 000 Da using TiO2‐CdS NPs as the matrix. The approach is simple and straightforward for the rapid analysis of phosphopeptides, peptides and proteins by MALDI‐MS in proteome research.
Sicilian lemon oil: Composition of volatile and oxygen heterocyclic fractions and enantiomeric distribution of volatile components
Authors: Dugo Paola , Ragonese Carla , Russo Marina , Sciarrone Danilo , Santi Luca , Cotroneo Antonella , Mondello Luigi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA total of 92 samples of Sicilian lemon oils (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) produced from September 2008 to June 2009, industrially cold‐pressed by different extraction techniques (Brown Oil Extractor and Food Machinery Corporation), were analyzed by GC‐flame ionization detector (FID) and GC/MS‐LRI to investigate the volatile fraction; by RP‐HPLC/PDA to determine the non‐volatile components and by enantio‐GC‐FID to determine the enantiomeric ratios of 12 volatile components. This study provides a detailed investigation on the composition of Sicilian lemon essential oils industrially produced during a productive season, with the aim to recognize quality parameters for the characterization of this product. The results obtained are discussed to evaluate seasonal variation, influence of the extraction techniques, and are compared with those obtained for samples produced during different seasons.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer efficiency: How can it be improved through nuclear remodeling and reprogramming?
Authors: Whitworth Kristin M. , Prather Randall S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFertile offspring from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is the goal of most cloning laboratories. For this process to be successful, a number of events must occur correctly. First the donor nucleus must be in a state that is amenable to remodeling and subsequent genomic reprogramming. The nucleus must be introduced into an oocyte cytoplasm that is capable of facilitating the nuclear remodeling. The oocyte must then be adequately stimulated to initiate development. Finally the resulting embryo must be cultured in an environment that is compatible with the development of that particular embryo. Much has been learned about the incredible changes that occur to a nucleus after it is placed in the cytoplasm of an oocyte. While we think that we are gaining an understanding of the reorganization that occurs to proteins in the donor nucleus, the process of cloning is still very inefficient. Below we will introduce the procedures for SCNT, discuss nuclear remodeling and reprogramming, and review techniques that may improve reprogramming. Finally we will briefly touch on other aspects of SCNT that may improve the development of cloned embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77:1001–1015, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo viscoelastic properties of the brain in normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Streitberger Kaspar‐Josche , Wiener Edzard , Hoffmann Jan , Freimann Florian Baptist , Klatt Dieter , Braun Jürgen , Lin Kui , McLaughlin Joyce , Sprung Christian , Klingebiel Randolf , Sack Ingolf 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNearly half a century after the first report of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), the pathophysiological cause of the disease still remains unclear. Several theories about the cause and development of NPH emphasize disease‐related alterations of the mechanical properties of the brain. MR elastography (MRE) uniquely allows the measurement of viscoelastic constants of the living brain without intervention. In this study, 20 patients (mean age, 69.1 years; nine men, 11 women) with idiopathic (n = 15) and secondary (n = 5) NPH were examined by cerebral multifrequency MRE and compared with 25 healthy volunteers (mean age, 62.1 years; 10 men, 15 women). Viscoelastic constants related to the stiffness (µ) and micromechanical connectivity (α) of brain tissue were derived from the dynamics of storage and loss moduli within the experimentally achieved frequency range of 25–62.5 Hz. In patients with NPH, both storage and loss moduli decreased, corresponding to a softening of brain tissue of about 20% compared with healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). This loss of rigidity was accompanied by a decreasing α parameter (9%, p < 0.001), indicating an alteration in the microstructural connectivity of brain tissue during NPH. This disease‐related decrease in viscoelastic constants was even more pronounced in the periventricular region of the brain. The results demonstrate distinct tissue degradation associated with NPH. Further studies are required to investigate the source of mechanical tissue damage as a potential cause of NPH‐related ventricular expansions and clinical symptoms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo diffusion tensor MRI of the mouse retina: a noninvasive visualization of tissue organization
Authors: Chen Junjie , Wang Qing , Chen Shiming , Wickline Samuel A. , Song Sheng‐Kwei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDiffusion tensor MRI (DTI) is a method for the noninvasive assessment of cellular organization and integrity in vivo. In this study, in vivo DTI was performed to demonstrate its ability to reflect photoreceptor cell alignment in adult C57BL/6 wild‐type mice. Age‐matched retinal degeneration 1 (rd1) mice were employed as a negative control, i.e. loss of the photoreceptor cell layer. In wild‐type mice, DTI‐estimated cell alignment suggests that the MR‐detected outer retinal layer comprises cells aligning perpendicular to the retinal surface, consistent with the known organization of photoreceptor cells. The MR‐detected outer retinal layer exhibits a lower apparent diffusion coefficient and higher fractional anisotropy than the other two MR‐detected retinal layers (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In rd1 mice, the remaining MR‐detected retinal layer exhibits different cell alignment, apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy from that of the MR‐detected outer retinal layer in wild‐type mice (p < 0.05 for all comparisons), reflecting the degeneration of photoreceptor cells in rd1 mouse retina. Overall, our findings suggest that in vivo DTI assessment of mouse retina with normal physiology or degenerative pathology is feasible. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in activity and interest in the third and fourth age: Associations with health, functioning and depressive symptoms
Authors: Adams Kathryn Betts , Roberts Amy Restorick , Cole Marilyn B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study examines the changes in activity investment among older adults and the role of these changes in the relationship between health limitations and depression. Residents of six senior living facilities (N = 178) completed questionnaires including the Geriatric Depression Scale, health and functioning measures and the Revised Change in Activity and Interest Index (CAII‐R) which measures self‐perceived changes in the level of investment in social and leisure activities among older adults. Respondents indicated more disengagement from CAII‐R subscales Active Instrumental (AI) and Active Social (AS) and increased engagement in Passive Social Spiritual. Fourth Age adults (age 80+) reported greater reductions in AI than Third Age adults (age 64–79). Reduced AS investment had the strongest association with depression and mediated the relationship between poor health or functioning and depression. These categories of activity may guide occupational therapy practitioners and other health providers in selecting the focus of intervention for older clients according to their identified life stage. The study provides evidence of distinct differences in interests within the parameters of normal aging and a baseline from which to assess the impact of illness and disability on the activity choices for clients in different life stages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medicine‐taking behaviour in schizophrenia – part 2
Authors: Feetam Celia L , Roberts Hannah 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the second of two articles, Celia Feetam and Hannah Roberts discuss treatment variables that may influence medicine‐taking behaviour in schizophrenia and the interventions that have been proposed to improve it. Part 1 of the series appeared in the July August 2010 issue of Progress. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Mood disorders: pearls of wisdom from a lifetime of observation
Authors: Titmarsh Steve , Angst Jules 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProfessor Jules Angst provided a fascinating account of some of the work that has led him to challenge fundamental thinking about bipolar disorder in his Keynote Lecture on the classification, course and treatment of mood disorders, at the ninth Latest Advances in Psychiatry Symposium in London in March 2010. Steve Titmarsh had the privilege of listening and here provides a brief overview. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Computational methods for identifying a layered allosteric regulatory mechanism for ALS‐causing mutations of Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase 1
Authors: Schuyler Adam D. , Carlson Heather A. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe most prominent form of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS, Lou Gehrig's Disease) is caused by mutations of Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). SOD1 maintains antioxidant activity under fALS causing mutations, suggesting that the mutations introduce a new, toxic, function. There are 100+ such known mutations that are chemically diverse and spatially distributed across the structure. The common phenotype leads us to propose an allosteric regulatory mechanism hypothesis: SOD1 mutants alter the correlated dynamics of the structure and differentially signal across an inherent allosteric network, thereby driving the disease mechanism at varying rates of efficiency. Two recently developed computational methods for identifying allosteric control sites are applied to the wild type crystal structure, 4 fALS mutant crystal structures, 20 computationally generated fALS mutants and 1 computationally generated non‐fALS mutant. The ensemble of mutant structures is used to generate an ensemble of dynamics, from which two allosteric control networks are identified. One network is connected to the catalytic site and thus may be involved in the natural antioxidant function. The second allosteric control network has a locus bordering the dimer interface and thus may serve as a mechanism to modulate dimer stability. Though the toxic function of mutated SOD1 is unknown and likely due to several contributing factors, this study explains how diverse mutations give rise to a common function. This new paradigm for allostery controlled function has broad implications across allosteric systems and may lead to the identification of the key chemical activity of SOD1‐linked ALS. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with ppm level of impurities
Authors: Kuznetsov V. L. , Elumeeva K. V. , Ishchenko A. V. , Beylina N. Yu. , Stepashkin A. A. , Moseenkov S. I. , Plyasova L. M. , Molina I. Yu. , Romanenko A. I. , Anikeeva O. B. , Tkachev E. N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHere multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) of different average diameters with ppm level purity were produced by a low temperature C2H4 pyrolysis on Fe‐Co type catalysts combined with forthcoming graphitization at 2200–2800 °C in argon flow. Annealed nanotubes were characterized with X‐ray fluorescent analysis, BET surface measurements, HR TEM, X‐ray diffraction, DTA analysis, and measurements of temperature and magnetic field dependences of conductivity. The graphitization of MWNT results in removal of residual catalyst metal impurities, reduction of the wall defects, and closure of nanotube tips. It was found that extent of these effects depends on MWNT diameters. It was proposed that the graphitization is caused by a significant thermal displacement and diffusion of carbon atoms at temperatures higher the Debye temperature.
Hybrid functionals and electronic structure of high‐pressure phase of CdO
Authors: Joshi K. B. , Paliwal U. , Sharma B. K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) of B2‐phase cadmium oxide (CdO) are computed following the first‐principles linear combination of atomic orbitals method applying the CRYSTAL code. The PBE correlation functional coupled with Becke's ansatz for exchange is considered for calculations. The electronic band structure and DOS are examined considering HF, B3LYP and hybrid schemes. Hybrid functionals are used with 25, 15, 10 and 5% mixing of Fock exchange with PBE‐GGA. Depending on the correlation functionals, and different mixings in the hybrid schemes, B2‐phase CdO may have an indirect positive band gap, a negative band gap or a zero gap. The effect of pd repulsion originating from pd hybridisation is visible in the calculated band structures.