bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexes with Sterically Bulky Allyl Ligands: Insights into Structure and Bonding
Authors: Chmely Stephen C. , Hanusa Timothy P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe allyl anion [C3H5]– is often found in combination with other ligands in organometallic complexes. Compounds in which allyl groups are the only or principal type of ligand, however, are often coordinatively unsaturated and prone to decomposition. It is possible to increase the thermal and sometimes oxidative stability of such complexes by adding sterically bulky substituents (e.g., –SiMe3) to the allyl group. Main group, transition metal, and f‐element compounds constructed with bulky allyl ligands display a wide range ofmonomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric structures. Some of these complexes have no counterparts with unsubstitutedallyl groups, and others are active polymerization catalysts. Research in this area has served to expand the range of structural types and bonding that can be incorporated into metal allyl chemistry.
π‐Conjugated 2,2′:6′,2″‐Bis(terpyridines): Systematical Tuning of the Optical Properties by Variation of the Linkage between the Terpyridines and the π‐Conjugated System
Authors: Wild Andreas , Friebe Christian , Winter Andreas , Hager Martin D. , Grummt Ulrich‐Walter , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract2,2′:6′,2″‐Terpyridines bearing well‐defined π‐conjugated substituents at the 4′‐position are known to exhibit interesting electronic and optical properties. The systematic variation of both the spacer unit and the linker in conjugated bis(terpyridines) has resulted in a library of π‐conjugated systems, enabling the study of the structure–property relationships of these materials. We have proven the Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction to be a versatile tool for connecting conjugated systems, even though the conjugation is hindered by the introduced triazole moiety. All the terpyridine derivatives were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption and emission measurements as well as MALDI‐TOF MS. Thin films of the materials were produced by spin‐coating and subsequently characterized. Because tuning of the band gap of the materials over a wide range is possible, quantum yields of up to 85 % and extinction coefficients of around 100000 M–1 cm–1 could be observed, the compounds might be promising candidates for the design of new functional supramolecular materials.
Facile Assembly of Fused Isoquinolines by Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Coupling–Cyclization Reactions between o‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes and Aromatic Amines Containing Tethered Nucleophiles
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Mutyala Anil Kumar , Lakshmi Pediredla G. V. V. , Raju Penmatcha V. K. , Sridhar Balasubramanian 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA gold(I)‐catalyzed, operationally simple coupling–cyclization technique was developed for the synthesis of isoquinoline‐fused polycyclic compounds. The reaction makes use of two coupling partners such as o‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and aromatic amines having tethered nucleophiles. The reaction is easy to perform, broad in scope, and allows the generation of a number of biologically important heterocyclic motifs from readily accessible starting materials. A mechanism for the reaction is discussed.
Film boiling heat transfer around a vertical finite‐length cylinder with a convex hemispherical bottom
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Toyoda Kaoru , Shigechi Toru , Momoki Satoru , Kanemaru Kuniyasu , Yamaguchi Tomohiko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe film boiling heat transfer around a vertical silver cylinder with a convex hemispherical bottom was investigated experimentally in quiescent water at atmospheric pressure. The experiments have been carried out using a quenching method. The diameter and length of the test cylinder are 32 mm and 48 mm, respectively. The test cylinder was heated to about 600 °C in an electric furnace and then cooled in saturated or subcooled water with an immersion depth of about 100 mm. The degree of liquid subcooling was varied from 0 K to 30 K. The analytical solutions for saturated and subcooled boiling are obtained by applying a two‐phase boundary layer theory for vapor film with a smooth interface. The experimental data correlates within ±15% based on the proposed prediction method. Also, the lower limit of film boiling was examined in terms of wall heat flux and degree of superheating. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20289
A simple analytical model for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids
Authors: Sohrabi N. , Masoumi N. , Behzadmehr A. , Sarvari S.M.H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA simple mathematical model for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids has been developed based on the thermal resistance approach. The model is developed by considering both effects of a solid‐like nanolayer and convective heat transfer caused by Brownian motion which have not been considered simultaneously by most available models in the literature. In addition the correlation of Prasher and Phelan for the convective heat transfer coefficient is modified to take into account the effect of the solid‐like nanolayer. In addition a general value for n (different from the one presented by Tillman and Hill) is introduced to modify the thickness of the solid‐like nanolayer. The latter is done by considering both conduction and convection heat transfer mechanisms. Comparisons with previously published experimental results and other mathematical models show that the presented model could well predict a nanofluids effective thermal conductivity as a function of the nanoparticles mean diameter, volume fraction, and temperature for different kinds of nanofluids. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20290
Synthesis and characterization of novel multiphase bioactive glass‐ceramics in the CaO‐MgO‐SiO2 system
Authors: Chen Xianchun , Liao Xiaoming , Huang Zhongbing , You Panli , Chen Chun , Kang Yunqing , Yin Guangfu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThree new chemical compositions based on the CaO‐MgO‐SiO2 system were designed first, and then three novel glass‐ceramics (M1, M2, and M3) were prepared by sol‐gel method. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed that they were predominantly composed of akermanite, wollastonite, and dicalcium silicate crystalline phases. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of M2 was 10.79 × 10−6°C−1, closest to that of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy, and the Young's modulus of M2 was 29.73 GPa, similar to that of the cortical bone. The bioactivity in vitro of M2 was evaluated by investigating its bonelike hydroxyapatite (HA)‐formation ability in simulated body fluid (SBF), and the biocompatibility in vitro was detected by osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion assay. The results revealed that M2 possessed bonelike carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA)‐formation ability in SBF and could significantly stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, osteoblasts adhered and spread well on M2, indicating good bioactivity and biocompatibility in vitro. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Potential for adhesive wear in friction couples of UHMWPE running against oxidized zirconium, titanium nitride coatings, and cobalt‐chromium alloys
Authors: Galetz Mathias C. , Seiferth Sabine H. , Theile Benjamin , Glatzel Uwe 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe classical wear mechanisms abrasion, fatigue, and adhesion are the most frequent causes of surface changes of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in artificial joints. The counterpart material has a strong influence on the wear and friction behavior of artificial joints due to its abrasive properties and adhesive interaction with UHMWPE. The formation of a transfer layer on the counterpart in UHMWPE bearing systems is often described as being a clear indication of strong adhesive forces. The influence of using a cobalt‐chromium‐molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy, a titanium nitride plasma coating or an oxidized zirconium alloy on adhesive wear was studied. The surface free energy and the bonding forces of these counterpart materials to UHMWPE were investigated. Catalytic effects on the degradation behavior of polyethylene, the micro friction behavior, and the build‐up and constitution of a transfer layer deposited under loads, and relative velocities that are relevant in knee joints were analyzed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Mouse BMD quantitative trait loci show improved concordance with human genome-wide association loci when recalculated on a new, common mouse genetic map
Authors: Ackert-Bicknell Cheryl L , Karasik David , Li Qian , Smith Randy V , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Churchill Gary A , Paigen Beverly J , Tsaih Shirng-Wern 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a heritable trait, and in mice, over 100 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been reported, but candidate genes have been identified for only a small percentage. Persistent errors in the mouse genetic map have negatively affected QTL localization, spurring the development of a new, corrected map. In this study, QTLs for BMD were remapped in 11 archival mouse data sets using this new genetic map. Since these QTLs all were mapped in a comparable way, direct comparisons of QTLs for concordance would be valid. We then compared human genome-wide association study (GWAS) BMD loci with the mouse QTLs. We found that 26 of the 28 human GWAS loci examined were located within the confidence interval of a mouse QTL. Furthermore, 14 of the GWAS loci mapped to within 3 cM of a mouse QTL peak. Lastly, we demonstrated that these newly remapped mouse QTLs can substantiate a candidate gene for a human GWAS locus, for which the peak single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) fell in an intergenic region. Specifically, we suggest that MEF2C (human chromosome 5, mouse chromosome 13) should be considered a candidate gene for the genetic regulation of BMD. In conclusion, use of the new mouse genetic map has improved the localization of mouse BMD QTLs, and these remapped QTLs show high concordance with human GWAS loci. We believe that this is an opportune time for a renewed effort by the genetics community to identify the causal variants regulating BMD using a synergistic mouse-human approach. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Distinctive ERK and p38 signaling in remote and infarcted myocardium during post‐MI remodeling in the mouse
Authors: Yeh Che‐Chung , Li Hongzhe , Malhotra Deepak , Turcato Sally , Nicholas Susan , Tu Richard , Zhu Bo‐Qing , Cha John , Swigart Philip M , Myagmar Bat‐Erdene , Baker Anthony J. , Simpson Paul C. , Mann Michael J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGlobal activation of MAP kinases has been reported in both human and experimental heart failure. Chronic remodeling of the surviving ventricular wall after myocardial infarction (MI) involves both myocyte loss and fibrosis; we hypothesized that this cardiomyopathy involves differential shifts in pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic MAP kinase signaling in cardiac myocyte (CM) and non‐myocyte. Cardiomyopathy after coronary artery ligation in mice was characterized by echocardiography, ex vivo Langendorff preparation, histologic analysis and measurements of apoptosis. Phosphorylation (activation) of signaling molecules was analyzed by Western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Post‐MI remodeling involved dramatic changes in the phosphorylation of both stress‐activated MAP (SAP) kinase p38 as well as ERK, a known mediator of cell survival, but not of SAP kinase JNK or the anti‐apoptotic mediator of PI3K, Akt. Phosphorylation of p38 rose early after MI in the infarct, whereas a more gradual rise in the remote myocardium accompanied a rise in apoptosis in that region. In both areas, ERK phosphorylation was lowest early after MI and rose steadily thereafter, though infarct phosphorylation was consistently higher. Immunostaining of p‐ERK localized to fibrotic areas populated primarily by non‐myocytes, whereas staining of p38 phosphorylation was stronger in areas of progressive CM apoptosis. Relative segregation of CMs and non‐myocytes in different regions of the post‐MI myocardium revealed signaling patterns that imply cell type‐specific changes in pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic MAP kinase signaling. Prevention of myocyte loss and of LV remodeling after MI may therefore require cell type‐specific manipulation of p38 and ERK activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1185–1191, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of centrosomal proteins Cep55 and pericentrin in intercellular bridges of mouse testes
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chen , Chen Yen‐Jung , Wu Chu‐Hen , Wu Yi‐Chen , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Ouyang Pin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCentrosomal protein 55 (Cep55), located in the centrosome in interphase cells and recruited to the midbody during cytokinesis, is essential for completion of cell abscission. Northern blot previously showed that a high level of Cep55 is predominantly expressed in the testis. In the present study, we examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of Cep55 during mouse testis maturation. We found that Cep55, together with pericentrin, another centrosomal protein, were localized to the intercellular bridges (IBs) interconnecting spermatogenic cells in a syncytium. The IBs were elaborated as a double ring structure formed by an inner ring decorated by Cep55 or pericentrin and an outer ring of mitotic kinesin‐like protein 1 (MKLP1) in the male germ cell in early postnatal stages and adulthood. In addition, Cep55 and pericentrin were also localized to the acrosome region and flagellum neck and middle piece in elongated spermatids, respectively. These results suggest that Cep55 and pericentrin are required for the stable bridge between germ cells during spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1274–1285, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational behavior of simple furanosides studied by optical rotation
Authors: Kaminský Jakub , Raich Ivan , Tomčáková Kateřina , Bouř Petr 
Published: February 2010

AbstractExperimental and theoretical specific optical rotations (OR) of anhydro, epithio, and epiminoderivatives of methyl tetrofuranosides in chloroform solutions have been compared and used as a tool for exploring their conformational behavior. The potential energy surfaces of these saccharides with reduced flexibility were examined with the density functional theory and the MP2 and CCSD(T) wavefunctions methods. Theoretical ORs were obtained by Boltzmann averaging of values calculated for local minima. Resultant rotations could be used to assess the quality of the DFT and MP2 relative conformer energies. OR values calculated for equilibrium geometries in vacuum were significantly improved when the solvent was accounted for by a polarizable continuum model and first and diagonal second OR derivatives were used for an anharmonic vibrational averaging. The DFT used as a default method reproduced the experimental data fairly well. A modified B3LYP functional containing 70% of HF exchange further improved the results. Because of the strong dependence of OR on the conformation, not only the absolute configuration could be determined, but also the conformational populations were estimated. Likewise, the predicted dependence of OR on the light wavelength well agreed with experiment. The increasing precision of the contemporary computational methods thus makes it possible to relate the specific rotation to more detailed features in molecular structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Reactions with hydrazonoyl halides 62: Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some new imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine, imidazo [1,2‐a]pyridine, imdazo[1,2‐b]pyrazole, and quinoxaline derivatives
Authors: Abdelhamid Abdou O. , Abdelall Eman K. A. , Zaki Yasser H. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
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3‐Arylazo‐2‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenylthiazol‐5‐yl)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine, 2‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐3‐phenylazoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine, 3‐arylazo‐2‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenylthiazol‐5‐yl)‐6‐phenyl‐5H‐imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrazole, 6‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐5‐phenylazo3‐phenyl‐imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole, 3‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenylthiazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐phenylhydrazino‐(1H)‐quinoxaline, 3‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenylthiazol‐5‐yl)‐ 2‐phenylazoquinoxaline, 3‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenylthiazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐phenylhydrazinobenzo‐[1,4] thiazine, 3‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐phenylhydrazinobenzo[1,4]oxazine, and 3‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐phenylazo‐1H‐pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine derivatives were synthesized via reaction of 2‐(4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐oxo‐N‐arylethanehydrazonoyl bromide with each of 2‐aminopyrimidine, 2‐aminopyridine, 3‐aminopyrazoles, 2‐amino‐4‐phenylthiazole, o‐phenylenediamine, o‐aminothiophenol, o‐aminophenol, or 2, 3‐diaminopyridine, respectively. All structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, spectral data, and alternative synthetic route whenever possible. The entire newly synthesized compounds are tested toward different microorganisms. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010)
Disaster risk reduction or climate change adaptation: Are we reinventing the wheel?
Authors: Mercer Jessica 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDisaster risk reduction (DRR) policies and strategies are well established within the international development community, being utilised at the grassroots level to address all forms of hazards. An exacerbation and increase in meteorological hazards has in part been attributed to climate change. Climate change also contributes to noticeable seasonal fluctuations that severely affect natural resource based livelihoods. In response, a need in development policy has been identified to address climate change at the community level by helping those most affected through ‘climate change adaptation’ (CCA) strategies. This paper explores the differences—or, rather, the similarities—between DRR and CCA through analysing climate‐related DRR in Papua New Guinea (PNG) within the context of wider development policies. Ways forward are identified for international development policy supporting all forms of risk reduction through integrating DRR and CCA strategies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cloning and characterisation of cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase gene BcGS1 from non‐heading Chinese cabbage
Authors: Sun Feifei , Yang Xuedong , Li Ying , Hou Xilin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) is a key enzyme of nitrogen (N) assimilation, catalysing the synthesis of glutamine from ammonium and glutamate. Plants have two types of GS isoenzyme that are localised in different compartments: one in the cytosol (GS1) and the other in the chloroplast (GS2). GS1 is the major form of GS in plant roots and directly converts ammonium taken up by plant roots to glutamine.RESULTS: The GS1 gene cDNA of non‐heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestrisssp. chinensis Makino) cultivar ‘Suzhouqing’ was isolated by RT‐PCR (real‐time polymerase chain reaction) and (5′/3′)‐RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) techniques. It was classified as GS1 by sequence alignment and motif search and named B. campestris ssp. chinensis Makino GS1 (BcGS1). Subcellular localisation analysis showed that BcGS1 was distributed in the cytoplasm of cells. BcGS1 was expressed in all parts, but mainly in the roots, which was verified by northern blotting analysis. Additionally, its expression was influenced by the N source concentration.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that BcGS1 is a novel member of the GS family in plants. BcGS1 was significantly related to N assimilation in non‐heading Chinese cabbage, demonstrating that this gene plays an important role in plant growth and development. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The Social Difficulties Inventory (SDI): development of subscales and scoring guidance for staff
Authors: Wright Penny , Smith Adam B. , Keding Ada , Velikova Galina 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAims: To develop subscales for clinical use of the Social Difficulties Inventory (SDI) with score interpretation guidance for use in routine oncology practice.Background: Patient‐reported outcome measures are used increasingly in cancer care but successful implementation is dependent on a combination of sound psychometrics, guidance on clinical meaning and good clinical judgement. The SDI, a 21‐item instrument (SDI‐21) developed for use in cancer care, demonstrated good psychometric properties. Rasch analysis of the SDI resulted in a 16‐item interval scale of Social Distress (SD‐16), which allowed for establishment of some clinical utility guidance but further work was required to optimise meaningful interpretation in clinical practice.Data sources: Data were pooled from three studies investigating psychometrics and clinical utility of the SDI‐21.Statistical analyses: Common factor analysis was undertaken on SD‐16 items. Subscales were derived from the resulting factors and calculated by summing the scores of associated items. Subscale reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's α.Results: There were 652 participants. A three‐factor model explaining 53.3% of the variance was extracted forming the basis of the subscales: Everyday living, Money matters and Self and others. Subscale reliability was good. In a clinical setting, a 2‐point change in subscale score could be interpreted as a clinically meaningful difference.Conclusion: The development of three subscales and clinically significant difference scores for the SD‐16, combined with the previously developed cut‐off points, improves the clinical utility of the SDI‐21 when assessing social issues in oncology care. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanopatterning of Plasma Polymer Thin Films by ArF Photolithography: Impact of Polymer Structure on Patterning Properties
Authors: Dirani Ali , Wieder Fernand , Roucoules Vincent , Airoudj Aissam , Soppera Olivier 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA simple method is developed for producing patterned polymer surfaces with reactive groups. This entails pulsed plasma deposition of anhydride functionalized films, followed by the covalent attachment of an amine‐terminated nucleophile via aminolysis reaction. Patterning is achieved by deep‐UV (DUV) irradiation using an ArF excimer laser (193 nm), allowing a fabrication of periodical structures with typical dimensions ranging from the nano‐ to microscale. The impact of the duty cycle during plasma polymer deposition and the impact of amine exposure time on the DUV response are investigated. Study of the relation between the polymer structure and photosensitivity allows a deeper understanding of the photoinduced mechanisms.magnified image