bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Dendritic Cell Differentiation from Migrating Ly6Clo Bone Marrow Monocytes in Early Dermal West Nile Virus Infection
Authors: Davison Ariane M. , King Nicholas J. C. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
No study has investigated the participation of Ly6C+ monocytes in the earliest phase of skin infection with the mosquito-borne West Nile virus. In a novel murine model mimicking natural dermal infection, CCL2-dependent bone marrow (BM)-derived monocyte migration, differentiation into Ly6C+ dendritic cells (DC), and accumulation around dermal deposits of infected fibroblasts by day 1 postinfection were associated with increasing numbers of monocyte-derived TNF/inducible NO synthase-producing DC by day 2 postinfection in draining auricular lymph nodes (ALN). Adoptive transfer demonstrated simultaneous migration of bone marrow-derived Ly6Clo monocytes to virus-infected dermis and ALN, where they first become Ly6Chi DC within 24 h and then Ly6Clo DC by 72 h. DC migration from the infected dermis to the ALN derived exclusively from Ly6Clo BM monocytes. This demonstrates that Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo BM-derived monocytes have different fates in vivo and suggests that BM may be a reservoir of preinflammatory monocytes for rapid deployment as inflammatory DC during virus infection.
Essential Role of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity in Cbl-b–Regulated T Cell Functions
Authors: Paolino Magdalena , Thien Christine B. F. , Gruber Thomas , Hinterleitner Reinhard , Baier Gottfried , Langdon Wallace Y. , Penninger Josef M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases have been placed among the essential molecules involved in the regulation of T cell functions and T cell tolerance. However, it has never been experimentally proven in vivo whether these functions indeed depend on the catalytic E3 ligase activity. The Casitas B-cell lymphoma (Cbl) family protein Cbl-b was the first E3 ubiquitin ligase directly implicated in the activation and tolerance of the peripheral T cell. In this study, we report that selective genetic inactivation of Cbl-b E3 ligase activity phenocopies the T cell responses observed when total Cbl-b is ablated, resulting in T cell hyperactivation, spontaneous autoimmunity, and impaired induction of T cell anergy in vivo. Moreover, mice carrying a Cbl-b E3 ligase-defective mutation spontaneously reject tumor cells that express human papilloma virus Ags. These data demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that the catalytic function of an E3 ligase, Cbl-b, is essential for negative regulation of T cells in vivo. Thus, modulation of the E3 ligase activity of Cbl-b might be a novel modality to control T cell immunity in vaccination, cancer biology, or autoimmunity.
Mice Lacking Ly49E Show Normal NK Cell Development and Provide Evidence for Probabilistic Expression of Ly49E in NK Cells and T Cells
Authors: Aust Jonathan G. , Gays Frances , Hussain Farhana , Butcher Geoffrey W. , Kist Ralf , Peters Heiko , Brooks Colin G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Ly49E is an unusual member of the Ly49 family that is expressed on fetal NK cells, epithelial T cells, and NKT cells, but not on resting adult NK cells. Ly49Ebgeo/bgeo mice in which the Ly49E gene was disrupted by inserting a β-geo transgene were healthy, fertile, and had normal numbers of NK and T cells in all organs examined. Their NK cells displayed normal expression of Ly49 and other NK cell receptors, killed tumor and MHC class I-deficient cells efficiently, and produced normal levels of IFN-γ. In heterozygous Ly49E+/bgeo mice, the proportion of epidermal T cells, NKT cells, and IL-2–activated NK cells that expressed Ly49E was about half that found in wild-type mice. Surprisingly, although splenic T cells rarely expressed Ly49E, IL-2–activated splenic T cells from Ly49Ebgeo/bgeo mice were as resistant to growth in G418 as NK cells and expressed similar levels of β-geo transcripts, suggesting that disruption of the Ly49E locus had increased its expression in these cells to the same level as that in NK cells. Importantly, however, the proportion of G418-resistant heterozygous Ly49E+/bgeo cells that expressed Ly49E from the wild-type allele was similar to that observed in control cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Ly49E is not required for the development or homeostasis of NK and T cell populations or for the acquisition of functional competence in NK cells and provide compelling evidence that Ly49E is expressed in a probabilistic manner in adult NK cells and T cells.
Mechanical Properties, Morphologies, and Microstructures of Novel Electrospun Metallized Nanofibers
Authors: Kim Hae‐Rim , Ito Takeru , Kim Byoung‐Suhk , Watanabe Yoshimi , Kim Ick‐Soo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report that the metal‐deposited single nanofibers can be successfully prepared by electrospinning and metallization. The tensile strength of the metal‐deposited single nanofibers as well as various non‐metallized polymeric nanofibers was investigated by recently developed tensile test machine. The tensile strength of 50 nm metal‐deposited single nanofibers was dramatically improved, which was much higher than that of pure polymer single nanofiber. The result is attributed to the formation of metallic hard‐coating layers onto the surface of single nanofibers. The tensile strength of the metal‐deposited single nanofibers was also depended on the types of metals (for instance, Cu, Ni, Sn, and Al) used for metallization. In addition, we investigated various annealing conditions, such as annealing temperature and time, and composition ratio of two metals (Cu and Ni), in order to find out optimum annealing process for the formation of metal alloy nanofibers. The characterization of the metallized nanofibers was conducted by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD).
Synthese und zentrale Wirkungen von 4‐hydroxy‐(alkyl)‐ und 4‐amino‐(alkyl)‐substituierten 2,6‐Epoxy‐3‐benzoxocinen
Authors: Wünsch Bernhard , Bauschke Gerd 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDas tricyclische Halbacetal1setzt sich mit Aminen zu den N/O‐Acetalen3und10, mit Nitromethan zu dem 4‐Nitromethyl‐Derivat13und mit denWittig‐Reagenzien15aundbzu den 2‐Benzopyranen16und19um. Reduktion und Methylierung von13liefern das tertiäre Amin4; aus16bzw.19sind jeweils über 3 Stufen das sekundäre Amin18bzw. das tertiäre Amin5zugänglich. Der 1,3‐Dioxanring aller dargestellten 2,6‐Epoxy‐3‐benzoxocin‐Derivate liegt in der Sesselkonformation vor, der Substituent in 4‐Stellung ist äquatorial angeordnet. Die Amine5,11cund18zeigen bei Mäusen keine ZNS‐Aktivität; die Alkohole1und2sind schwach ZNS aktiv. Für das tertiäre Amin4, das deutlich zentral wirksam ist (Straub‐Schwanz‐Phänomen, Krämpfe, etc.), wird im “writhing”‐Test der Maus eine ED50von 78 mg/kg ermittelt.
Biological conversion of carbon monoxide: rich syngas or waste gases to bioethanol
Authors: Abubackar Haris Nalakath , Veiga María C. , Kennes, Christian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBioconversion of syngas/waste gas components to produce ethanol appears to be a promising alternative compared to the existing chemical techniques. Recently, several laboratory‐scale studies have demonstrated the use of acetogens that have the ability to convert various syngas components (CO, CO2, and H2) to multicarbon compounds, such as acetate, butyrate, butanol, lactate, and ethanol, in which ethanol is often produced as a minor end‐product. This bioconversion process has several advantages, such as its high specificity, the fact that it does not require a highly specific H2/CO ratio, and that biocatalysts are less susceptible to metal poisoning. Furthermore, this process occurs under mild temperature and pressure and does not require any costly pre‐treatment of the feed gas or costly metal catalysts, making the process superior over the conventional chemical catalytic conversion process. The main challenge faced for commercializing this technology is the poor aqueous solubility of the gaseous substrates (mainly CO and H2). In this paper, a critical review of CO‐rich gas fermentation to produce ethanol has been analyzed systematically and published results have been compared. Special emphasis has been given to understand the microbial aspects of the conversion process, by highlighting the role of different micro‐organisms used, pathways, and parameters affecting the bioconversion. An analysis of the process fundamentals of various bioreactors used for the biological conversion of CO‐rich gases, mainly syngas to ethanol, has been made and reported in this paper. Various challenges faced by the syngas fermentation process for commercialization and future research requirements are also discussed. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Early genetic control of craniofacial development is affected by the in vitro exposure of rat embryos to the fungicide triadimefon
Authors: Di Renzo Francesca , Rossi Federica , Prati Mariangela , Giavini Erminio , Menegola Elena 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Previous published experiments reported that in vitro exposure of postimplantation rat embryos to the triazole fungicide triadimefon (FON) resulted in specific abnormalities at the branchial apparatus and that the sensitive period is restricted to the first 24 hr of culture and is associated with the abnormal expression of TGF family genes (some of a large panel of genes regulated by retinoic acid (RA) and involved in branchial arch morphogenesis). The aim of this study is the determination of the sensitive window to FON‐induced abnormalities during in vitro development and the evaluation of the expression of some genes controlled by RA and involved in early branchial arch morphogenesis (Gsc, Msx1, Msx2, Dlx1, Dlx2, Shh, Patched (the main Shh receptor)). METHODS: Rat embryos were exposed in vitro to the FON under condition known to be able to induce 100% of abnormal embryos (250  µ M) at different stages and examined after 48 hr of culture. The sensitive window for FON‐induced abnormalities was during the hours E9 h8.00 PM–E10 h8.00 AM. To evaluate the expression of selected genes, embryos exposed during the sensitive stages were processed to perform quantitative PCR after 18 and 24 hr of culture. RESULTS: FON was able to affect the expression of some genes in a stage‐specific manner: earlier embryos were characterized by the downregulation of Msx2 and Gsc, later embryos showed the downregulation of Gsc, Shh, and Patched. The obtained data suggest that FON‐induced abnormalities are mediated, at least in part, through the imbalance of the expression of RA‐related signals. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:77‐81, 2011.  © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biofilm image reconstruction for assessing structural parameters
Authors: Renslow Ryan , Lewandowski Zbigniew , Beyenal Haluk 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe structure of biofilms can be numerically quantified from microscopy images using structural parameters. These parameters are used in biofilm image analysis to compare biofilms, to monitor temporal variation in biofilm structure, to quantify the effects of antibiotics on biofilm structure and to determine the effects of environmental conditions on biofilm structure. It is often hypothesized that biofilms with similar structural parameter values will have similar structures; however, this hypothesis has never been tested. The main goal was to test the hypothesis that the commonly used structural parameters can characterize the differences or similarities between biofilm structures. To achieve this goal (1) biofilm image reconstruction was developed as a new tool for assessing structural parameters, (2) independent reconstructions using the same starting structural parameters were tested to see how they differed from each other, (3) the effect of the original image parameter values on reconstruction success was evaluated, and (4) the effect of the number and type of the parameters on reconstruction success was evaluated. It was found that two biofilms characterized by identical commonly used structural parameter values may look different, that the number and size of clusters in the original biofilm image affect image reconstruction success and that, in general, a small set of arbitrarily selected parameters may not reveal relevant differences between biofilm structures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1383–1394. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The neurovascular relationships of the oculomotor nerve
Authors: Esmer Ali Firat , Sen Tulin , Comert Ayhan , Tuccar Eray , Karahan Suleyman Tuna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study, the arterial supply of the cisternal (initial) and the subcavernous parts of the oculomotor nerve (ON) and the relation between the nerve and adjacent vascular structures like posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and superior cerebellar artery (SCA) were investigated. A total of 140 formalin fixed hemispheres from 70 human cadaveric brains were examined. The nutrient branches reaching the cisternal and subcavernous parts of the ON were investigated, along with branches of adjacent vascular structures penetrating the nerve and passing through it. In the material examined, the ON, after arising from the midbrain, mostly continues laterally between PCA and SCA or between PCA and the rostral SCA trunk. However, in three hemispheres of our specimens, the ON run between the rostral and caudal SCA trunks. We observed that the branches of PCA‐P1 segment supplied the cisternal part of the ON in all specimens. In one specimen, the cisternal part of the ON was supplied by a branch arising from the rostral SCA trunk which was also originating from PCA. Differently, in four hemispheres, branches arising from PCA or SCA perforated the cisternal part of the ON and passed through it. We also observed a tortuous caudal trunk of duplicated SCA in one of our specimens and considered it as a rare variation. The anatomy of the ON and its vascular relations is significant in terms of not only understanding the compression syndromes and its vascular dysfunctions, but the exact diagnosis and treatment as well. Clin. Anat. 24:583–589, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New anatomical profile of the nasal musculature: Dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis
Authors: Hur Mi‐Sun , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Youn Kwan‐Hyun , Song Wu‐Chul , Abe Shinichi , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to clarify the morphology and topography of the dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis. Anatomical variations in the topographic relationships are also described to provide critical data for understanding nasal muscular functions. Anatomical and histological examinations were performed on 40 specimens of embalmed Korean adult cadavers. The dilator naris vestibularis muscle (named by the present authors) was located between the external and vestibular skin of the alar lobule. The muscle fibers radiated along the dome‐shaped nasal vestibule. The dilator naris anterior muscle originated from the frontal surfaces of the lateral half of the lateral crus and the accessory alar cartilage adjacent to the lateral crus. The extent of the lower insertion of the dilator naris anterior muscle was at the alar groove. The alar part of the nasalis originated with the transverse part of nasalis from the maxilla. It ascended to attach to the alar crease and the adjacent deep surface of external skin of the alar lobule. These findings may provide anatomical knowledge required to understand the structure and function of these nasal muscles such as during rhinoplasty or other surgery of the face. Clin. Anat. 24:162–167, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Second Generation CaSH (Camphor Sulfonyl Hydrazine) Organocatalysis. Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reactions and Isolation of the Catalytic Intermediate.
Authors: Li Qinghua , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Chan Wing‐Hong , Lee Albert W. M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe title reaction is successfully performed with α,β‐unsaturated ketones (I) or (VIII) and cyclic or acyclic dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Entropy‐Controlled Catalytic Asymmetric 1,4‐Type Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Phenols Using Conformationally Flexible Guanidine/Bisthiourea Organocatalyst.
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Shin Bongki , Horitsugi Natsuko , Takagi Rika , Noguchi Keiichi , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the presence of chiral bis(thiourea) catalyst (I), ortho‐selective Friedel—Crafts products are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Regioselective Ring Opening of Nonactivated Aziridines by Lithium Aluminum Hydride.
Authors: Stankovic Sonja , D'hooghe Matthias , De Kimpe Norbert 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe new LiAlH4 promoted ring opening of aziridines such as (III), (VII) or (X) leads to the corresponding β‐amino alcohols, which undergo condensation with glyoxal to give the morpholinones (VI) and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytst‐Controlled Wacker‐Type Oxidation of Protected Allylic Amines.
Authors: Michel Brian W. , McCombs Jessica R. , Winkler Andrea , Sigman Matthew S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAllylic amines are selectively oxidized to methyl ketones in the presence of tBuOOH and the [2‐(oxazolin‐2‐yl)quinoline]palladium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐MCM‐48: A Novel Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Chemo‐ and Regioselective Hydrogenation of Olefins and Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Banerjee Subhash , Balasanthiran Vagulejan , Koodali Ranjit T. , Sereda Grigory A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA novel, heterogeneous Pd‐MCM‐48 catalyst is developed by encapsulating palladium nanoparticles into the cubic phase of mesoporous MCM‐48 matrix.
ChemInform Abstract: Perhydro‐1,3‐benzoxazines Derived from (‐)‐8‐Aminomenthol as Ligands for the Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Andres Celia , Infante Rebeca , Nieto Javier 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe new catalyst is a stable crystalline solid and can be recovered and used without any loss in its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: New and Facile Approach for the Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and Ketones.
Authors: Raju Bhimapaka China , Suman Pathi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe protocol offers several advantages such as high (E)‐selectivity and yields, the use of environmentally benign conditions and an inexpensive catalyst, shorter reaction times, and a simple work‐up procedure that makes it a useful and alternative procedure from the existing methods reported.
ChemInform Abstract: 5,5′‐Dimethyl‐3,3′‐azoisoxazole as a New Heterogeneous Azo Reagent for Esterification of Phenols and Selective Esterification of Benzylic Alcohols under Mitsunobu Conditions.
Authors: Iranpoor Nasser , Firouzabadi Habib , Khalili Dariush 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new heterogeneous azo reagent is introduced, which shows the advantages of facility in product isolation, easy separation of hydrazine by‐products, and recyclability of the reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: An Intermolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Diamination of Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Iglesias Alvaro , Perez Edwin G. , Muniz Kilian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed intermolecular diamination of non‐activated aliphatic terminal alkenes with saccharin (II) and a bis(sulfonyl)amine (III) proceeds with complete regioselectivity and tolerates a variety of functional groups like halide, azide, sulfone, amide or ester groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Imines with 2,2‐Difluoro‐2‐fluorosulfonylacetyl Fluoride.
Authors: Vlasov Katja , Kalinovich Nataliya , Lork Enno , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSelected N‐alkyl ketoimines bearing at least one methyl group at the imino carbon give enaminones (III) when treated with equimolar amounts of 2,2‐difluoro‐2‐fluorosulfonylacetyl fluoride (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses Proceeding from N‐(Oxiran‐2‐ylmethyl)‐N‐ethylaniline.
Authors: Mesropyan E. G. , Galstyan A. S. , Avetisyan A. A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA variety of new aminoalcohols (V) (9 examples) is prepared by reaction of title epoxide (III) with corresponding amines (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Pressure Hydrogenation of Arenecarboxylic Acids to Aryl Aldehydes.
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Khan Bilal Ahmad , Fett thomas , Treu Matthias 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds chemoselectively in the presence of pivalic anhydride and an optimized palladium catalyst at low hydrogen pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd0‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of 1,1‐Dichloro‐1‐alkenes, a New Selective Access to Z‐α‐Chloroacrylates.
Authors: Arthuis Martin , Lecup Anne , Roulland Emmanuel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPd‐catalyzed carbonylation of 1,1‐dichloro‐1‐alkenes in alcohols provides a novel, highly chemo‐ and stereoselective access to (Z)‐α‐chloroacrylates that compares favorably with Wittig‐type strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Route to Functionalized trans‐Diels—Alder Motifs.
Authors: Lee Jun Hee , Zhang Yandong , Danishefsky Samuel J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe title compounds are obtained by reductive alkylation of cis‐halo‐decalins or hydrindanoids, prepared by Lewis acid‐catalyzed Diels—Alder reactions as previously reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Crotylation of 4‐Acetoxy‐2‐azetidinone for the Synthesis of 1β‐Methylcarbapenem Precursor.
Authors: Kim Hye Jung , Lee Sung Ryoung , Kang Seok Won , Kim Sung Hoon 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe stereochemical outcome of the reaction depends on the applied metal (In or Zn, respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Diazo Oxime Ethers and Their Application in the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles Through a [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Lourdusamy Emmanuvel , Yao Lin , Park Cheol‐Min 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA stereoselective diazo transfer reaction with oxime ethers offers an efficient route to the corresponding α‐diazo oxime ethers which are subsequently used for the synthesis of highly substituted pyrroles through a [3+2] cycloaddition with enamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of 3‐Oxyindoles via Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Tandem Cyclization—Acetoxylation of o‐Acyl Anilines.
Authors: Sun Yi , Fan Renhua 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn efficient tandem cyclization—acetoxylation of o‐acyl‐anilines (I) mediated by the combination of iodobenzene diacetate and Bu4NI provides a new route to 2‐acetoxy indolin‐3‐ones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbo‐Heterofunctionalization of Alkenes for the Synthesis of Oxindoles and Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Jaegli Stephanie , Dufour Jeremy , Wei Hai‐long , Piou Tiffany , Duan Xin‐Hua , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe intramolecular cyclization of acrylic N‐aryl amides is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Indoles from 2‐Azidoacrylates and ortho‐Silyl Aryltriflates.
Authors: Hong Deng , Chen Zhengbo , Lin Xufeng , Wang Yanguang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe in situ formation of benzynes and iminophosphoranes is followed by a cyclization/hydrolysis/air oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Some Pyrazole Derivatives of 1,5‐Diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3,4‐dicarboxylic Acid.
Authors: Kasimogullan Rahmi , Arslan B. Seckin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUsing title compound (I) as precursor and applying classical reactions for carboxylic acids a series of pyrazole derivatives including fused heterocycles is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: The Specific Reactivity of 3,4,5‐Trinitro‐1H‐pyrazole.
Authors: Dalinger Igor L. , Vatsadze Irina A. , Shkineva Tatyana K. , Popova Galina P. , Shevelev Svyatoslav A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe reactivity of the title compound (II) towards nucleophiles is studied and it is found that substitution of the 4‐positioned nitro group is preferred.