bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Extracted Housefly Pupae Peptide Mixture on Chilled Pork Preservation
Authors: Wang Yansheng , Dang Xiangli , Zheng Xiaoxia , Wang Juan , Zhang Wenqing 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The peptide mixture from housefly pupae has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity but has not previously been reported as a food preservative. In this study, the preservation effects of a housefly pupae peptide mixture, nisin, and sodium dehydroacetate (DHA‐S) on the number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), and pH value of chilled pork were compared. All results showed that a good preservation effect was observed among 3 treatments with the peptide mixture of housefly pupae, nisin, and DHA‐S and that there was no significant difference among them. These results indicate that housefly peptide mixture has a great potential as a food preservative. The results of scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy suggest that the primary mechanism of housefly pupae peptide mixture may be bacterial cytoplasmic membrane lysis and pores induced in the membranes.Practical Applications:  Peptide mixture extracted from housefly pupae using low‐cost and simple method has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. According to the effect on chilled pork preservation, extracted housefly peptide mixture has a great potential as a food preservative.
The Impact of Antioxidant Addition on Flavor of Cheddar and Mozzarella Whey and Cheddar Whey Protein Concentrate
Authors: Liaw I.W. , Eshpari H. , Tong P.S. , Drake M.A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Lipid oxidation products are primary contributors to whey ingredient off‐flavors. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of antioxidant addition in prevention of flavor deterioration of fluid whey and spray‐dried whey protein. Cheddar and Mozzarella cheeses were manufactured in triplicate. Fresh whey was collected, pasteurized, and defatted by centrifugal separation. Subsequently, 0.05% (w/w) ascorbic acid or 0.5% (w/w) whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) were added to the pasteurized whey. A control with no antioxidant addition was also evaluated. Wheys were stored at 3 °C and evaluated after 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 d. In a subsequent experiment, selected treatments were then incorporated into liquid Cheddar whey and processed into whey protein concentrate (WPC). Whey and WPC flavors were documented by descriptive sensory analysis, and volatile components were evaluated by solid phase micro‐extraction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Cardboard flavors increased in fluid wheys with storage. Liquid wheys with ascorbic acid or WPH had lower cardboard flavor across storage compared to control whey. Lipid oxidation products, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal increased in liquid whey during storage, but liquid whey with added ascorbic acid or WPH had lower concentrations of these products compared to untreated controls. Mozzarella liquid whey had lower flavor intensities than Cheddar whey initially and after refrigerated storage. WPC with added ascorbic acid or WPH had lower cardboard flavor and lower concentrations of pentanal, heptanal, and nonanal compared to control WPC. These results suggest that addition of an antioxidant to liquid whey prior to further processing may be beneficial to flavor of spray‐dried whey protein.Practical Application:  Lipid oxidation products are primary contributors to whey ingredient off‐flavors. Flavor plays a critical and limiting role in widespread use of dried whey ingredients, and enhanced understanding of flavor and flavor formation as well as methods to control or minimize flavor formation during processing are industrially relevant. The results from this study suggest that addition of an antioxidant to liquid whey prior to further processing may be beneficial to minimize flavor of spray‐dried whey protein.
Enhanced Anthocyanin Extraction from Red Cabbage Using Pulsed Electric Field Processing
Authors: Gachovska Tanya , Cassada David , Subbiah Jeyamkondan , Hanna Milford , Thippareddi Harshavardhan , Snow Daniel 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on anthocyanin extraction from red cabbage using water as a solvent. Mashed cabbage was placed in a batch treatment chamber and subjected to PEF (2.5 kV/cm electric field strength; 15 μs pulse width and 50 pulses, specific energy 15.63 J/g). Extracted anthocyanin concentrations (16 to 889 μg/mL) were determined using HPLC. Heat and light stabilities of the control and PEF‐treated samples, having approximately the same initial concentrations, were studied. PEF treatments enhanced total anthocyanin extraction in water from red cabbage by 2.15 times with a higher proportion of nonacylated forms than the control (P < 0.05). The heat and light stabilities of the PEF‐treated samples and control samples were not significantly different (P > 0.05).Practical Application:  An innovative pretreatment technology, pulsed electric field processing, enhanced total anthocyanin extraction in water from red cabbage by 2.15 times. Manufacturers of natural colors can use this technology to extract anthocyanins from red cabbage efficiently.
Effect of Spray Nozzle Design on Fish Oil–Whey Protein Microcapsule Properties
Authors: Legako Jerrad , Dunford Nurhan Turgut 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Microencapsulation improves oxidative stability and shelf life of fish oil. Spray and freeze drying are widely used to produce microcapsules. Newer spray‐nozzles utilize multiple fluid channels allowing for mixing of wall and core materials at the point of atomization. Sonic energy has also been employed as a means of atomization. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nozzle type and design on fish oil encapsulation efficiency and microcapsule properties. A total of 3 nozzle types, a pressure nozzle with 1 liquid channel, a pressure nozzle with 2 liquid channels, and a sonic atomizer with 2 liquid channels were examined for their suitability to encapsulate fish oil in whey protein isolate. Physical and chemical properties of freeze dried microcapsules were compared to those of microcapsules produced by spray drying. The 2‐fluid pressure and ultrasonic nozzles had the highest (91.6%) and the lowest microencapsulation efficiencies (76%), respectively. There was no significant difference in bulk density of microcapsules produced by ultrasonic and 3‐fluid pressure nozzles. The ultrasonic nozzle showed a significantly narrower particle size distribution than the other nozzles. This study demonstrated that new nozzle designs that eliminate emulsion preparation prior to spray drying can be beneficial for microencapsulation applications. However, there is still a need for research to improve microencapsulation efficiency of multiple channel spray nozzles.Practical Application:  Since this research evaluates new spray nozzle designs for oil microencapsulation, the information presented in this article could be an interest to fish oil producers and food industry.
On 1-dimensional representations of finite W-algebras associated to simple Lie algebras of exceptional type
Authors: Goodwin Simon M. , Röhrle Gerhard , Ubly Glenn 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe consider the finite W-algebra U(𝔤,e) associated to a nilpotent element e∈𝔤 in a simple complex Lie algebra 𝔤 of exceptional type. Using presentations obtained through an algorithm based on the PBW-theorem for U(𝔤,e), we verify a conjecture of Premet, that U(𝔤,e) always has a 1-dimensional representation when 𝔤 is of type G2, F4, E6 or E7. Thanks to a theorem of Premet, this allows one to deduce the existence of minimal dimension representations of reduced enveloping algebras of modular Lie algebras of the above types. In addition, a theorem of Losev allows us to deduce that there exists a completely prime primitive ideal in U(𝔤) whose associated variety is the coadjoint orbit corresponding to e.
Molecular Epidemiology of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Serogroup 6 Isolates from Fijian Children, Including Newly Identified Serotypes 6C and 6D
Authors: Satzke Catherine , Ortika Belinda D. , Oftadeh Shahin , Russell Fiona M. , Robins-Browne Roy M. , Mulholland E. Kim , Gilbert Gwendolyn L. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was applied to all unique serotype 6C and 6D isolates and a random selection of serotype 6B and 6A isolates from nasopharyngeal swabs from Fijian children enrolled in a recent vaccine trial. The results suggest that Fijian serotype 6D has arisen independently from both serotypes 6A/C and 6B.
Resolving the Assembly State of Herpes Simplex Virus during Axon Transport by Live-Cell Imaging
Authors: Antinone Sarah E. , Zaichick Sofia V. , Smith Gregory A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Neurotropic herpesviruses depend on long-distance axon transport for the initial establishment of latency in peripheral ganglia (retrograde transport) and for viral spread in axons to exposed body surfaces following reactivation (anterograde transport). Images of neurons infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), acquired using electron microscopy, have led to a debate regarding why different types of viral structures are seen in axons and which of these particles are relevant to the axon transport process. In this study, we applied time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to image HSV-1 virion components actively translocating to distal axons in primary neurons and neuronal cell lines. Key to these findings, only a small fraction of viral particles were engaged in anterograde transport during the egress phase of infection at any given time. By selective analysis of the composition of the subpopulation of actively transporting capsids, a link between transport of fully assembled HSV-1 virions and the neuronal secretory pathway was identified. Last, we have evaluated the seemingly opposing findings made in previous studies of HSV-1 axon transport in fixed cells and demonstrate a limitation to assessing the composition of individual HSV-1 particles using antibody detection methods.
Chemoprevention Meets Glucose Control
Authors: Engelman Jeffrey A. , Cantley Lewis C. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The report by Memmott et al. (beginning on page 1066 in this issue of the journal) assessing the efficacy of the antidiabetes drug metformin in a mouse model of lung carcinogenesis suggests protective effects via two possible avenues: Decreased circulating insulin and insulin-like growth factor levels and energy stress leading to inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. These potential mechanisms are discussed in this perspective, as are their implications for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer Prev Res; 3(9); 1049–52. ©2010 AACR.
Metformin Suppresses Colorectal Aberrant Crypt Foci in a Short-term Clinical Trial
Authors: Hosono Kunihiro , Endo Hiroki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Sugiyama Michiko , Sakai Eiji , Uchiyama Takashi , Suzuki Kaori , Iida Hiroshi , Sakamoto Yasunari , Yoneda Kyoko , Koide Tomoko , Tokoro Chikako , Abe Yasunobu , Inamori Masahiko , Nakagama Hitoshi , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe biguanide metformin is widely used for treating diabetes mellitus. We previously showed the chemopreventive effect of metformin in two rodent models of colorectal carcinogenesis. However, besides epidemiologic studies, little is known about the effects of metformin on human colorectal carcinogenesis. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of metformin on rectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF), which are an endoscopic surrogate marker of colorectal cancer. We prospectively randomized 26 nondiabetic patients with ACF to treatment with metformin (250 mg/d, n = 12) or no treatment (control, n = 14); 23 patients were evaluable for end point analyses (9 metformin and 14 control); the two groups were similar in ACF number and other baseline clinical characteristics. Magnifying colonoscopy determined the number of rectal ACF in each patient at baseline and after 1 month in a blinded fashion (as were all laboratory end point analyses). We also examined proliferative activity in colonic epithelium (via proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index) and apoptotic activity (via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling). At 1 month, the metformin group had a significant decrease in the mean number of ACF per patient (8.78 ± 6.45 before treatment versus 5.11 ± 4.99 at 1 month, P = 0.007), whereas the mean ACF number did not change significantly in the control group (7.23 ± 6.65 versus 7.56 ± 6.75, P = 0.609). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index was significantly decreased and the apoptotic cell index remained unaltered in normal rectal epithelium in metformin patients. This first reported trial of metformin for inhibiting colorectal carcinogenesis in humans provides preliminary evidence that metformin suppresses colonic epithelial proliferation and rectal ACF formation in humans, suggesting its promise for the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 3(9); 1077–83. ©2010 AACR.
Comparative study of mitoxantrone efficacy profile in patients with relapsing—remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Esposito Federica , Radaelli Marta , Martinelli Vittorio , Sormani Maria Pia , Martinelli Boneschi Filippo , Moiola Lucia , Rocca Maria Assunta , Rodegher Mariaemma , Comi Giancarlo 
Published: September 2010

Background: Mitoxantrone (MTX) is an immunosuppressive drug approved for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and to compare the clinical and neuroradiological responses to MTX in relapsing—remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) MS patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, open-label, observational study to evaluate the clinical and neuroradiological response to the drug in 79 patients with RR MS and 210 patients with SP MS. Results: A statistically significant reduction ( p < 0.001) in the number of relapses was observed during MTX treatment and in the year after in both RR and SP MS patients. On the contrary, an opposite behavior in terms of disease progression was found in RR compared with SP MS patients, resulting in a statistically significant improvement of the Expanded Disability Status Scale score during the MTX treatment ( p < 0.001) and in the year after ( p < 0.001) for RR MS patients compared with a continuous, although mild, worsening of the disability in SP MS patients ( p < 0.001). Finally, a significant reduction ( p < 0.001) of new Gd-enhanced lesions in both RR and SP MS patients was observed in a subgroup of 224 individuals who underwent a brain MRI evaluation before and after MTX treatment. Conclusions: MTX should be considered as an effective therapeutic option in RR MS patients with evidence of relevant disease activity, but the potential life-threatening adverse events and the overall benefit—risk ratio must be carefully evaluated at individual patient level.
Drug interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib
Authors: Haouala Amina , Widmer Nicolas , Duchosal Michel A. , Montemurro Michael , Buclin Thierry , Decosterd Laurent A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSeveral cancer treatments are shifting from traditional, time-limited, nonspecific cytotoxic chemotherapy cycles to continuous oral treatment with specific protein-targeted therapies. In this line, imatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinases inhibitor (TKI), has excellent efficacy in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. It has opened the way to the development of additional TKIs against chronic myeloid leukemia, including nilotinib and dasatinib. TKIs are prescribed for prolonged periods, often in patients with comorbidities. Therefore, they are regularly co-administered along with treatments at risk of drug-drug interactions. This aspect has been partially addressed so far, calling for a comprehensive review of the published data. We review here the available evidence and pharmacologic mechanisms of interactions between imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib and widely prescribed co-medications, including known inhibitors or inducers of cytochromes P450 or drug transporters. Information is mostly available for imatinib mesylate, well introduced in clinical practice. Several pharmacokinetic aspects yet remain insufficiently investigated for these drugs. Regular updates will be mandatory and so is the prospective reporting of unexpected clinical observations.
Ultrastructural localization of extracellular matrix proteins of the lymph node cortex: evidence supporting the reticular network as a pathway for lymphocyte migration
Authors: Sobocinski Gregg P , Toy Katherine , Bobrowski Walter F , Shaw Stephen , Anderson Arthur O , Kaldjian Eric P 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe lymph node (LN) is a crossroads of blood and lymphatic vessels allowing circulating lymphocytes to efficiently recognize foreign molecules displayed on antigen presenting cells. Increasing evidence indicates that after crossing high endothelial venules, lymphocytes migrate within the node along the reticular network (RN), a scaffold of fibers enwrapped by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC). Light microscopy has shown that the RN contains specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which are putative molecular "footholds" for migration, and are known ligands for lymphocyte integrin adhesion receptors.ResultsTo investigate whether ECM proteins of the RN are present on the outer surface of the FRC and are thus accessible to migrating lymphocytes, ultrastructural immunohistochemical staining of cynomolgus monkey LN was performed using antibodies to human ECM proteins that were successfully employed at the light microscopic level. The fibrillar collagens I and III were observed primarily within the reticular network fibers themselves. In contrast, the matrix proteins laminin, fibronectin, collagen IV, and tenascin were observed within the reticular fibers and also on the outer membrane surface of the FRC.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a molecular basis for how the RN functions as a pathway for lymphocyte migration within the lymph node.
Erratum to: Reduction of late stillbirth with the introduction of fetal movement information and guidelines - a clinical quality improvement
Authors: Tveit Julie Victoria Holm , Saastad Eli , Stray-Pedersen Babill , Børdahl Per E , Flenady Vicki , Fretts Ruth , Frøen J Frederik 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We have performed a full cross-validation of this clinical Femina data collection against the routinely collected data of the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to validate the estimates of reduced mortality in the total population. The original estimate of fewer deaths during the intervention with OR 0.7 remains virtually unchanged for the original data collection.
The validation procedures revealed inaccuracies in data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway for a partial comparison with mortality outside the study area, and we here correct this comparison. We present new, corrected and cross-validated data. Despite comparability issues, the most robust and cross-validated estimates confirm similar estimates of reduced mortality during the quality improvement intervention.
Clinical and parasitological response to oral chloroquine and primaquine in uncomplicated human Plasmodium knowlesi infections
Authors: Daneshvar Cyrus , Davis Timothy ME , Cox-Singh Janet , Rafa'ee Mohammad Z , Zakaria Siti K , Divis Paul CS , Singh Balbir 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background

Plasmodium knowlesi is a cause of symptomatic and potentially fatal infections in humans. There are no studies assessing the detailed parasitological response to treatment of knowlesi malaria infections in man and whether antimalarial resistance occurs.

Methods
A prospective observational study of oral chloroquine and primaquine therapy was conducted in consecutive patients admitted to Kapit Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo with PCR-confirmed single P. knowlesi infections. These patients were given oral chloroquine for three days, and at 24 hours oral primaquine was administered for two consecutive days, primarily as a gametocidal agent. Clinical and parasitological responses were recorded at 6-hourly intervals during the first 24 hours, daily until discharge and then weekly to day 28. Vivax malaria patients were studied as a comparator group.

Results
Of 96 knowlesi malaria patients who met the study criteria, 73 were recruited to an assessment of the acute response to treatment and 60 completed follow-up over 28 days. On admission, the mean parasite stage distributions were 49.5%, 41.5%, 4.0% and 5.6% for early trophozoites, late trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes respectively. The median fever clearance time was 26.5 [inter-quartile range 16-34] hours. The mean times to 50% (PCT50) and 90% (PCT90) parasite clearance were 3.1 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 2.8-3.4) hours and 10.3 (9.4-11.4) hours. These were more rapid than in a group of 23 patients with vivax malaria 6.3 (5.3-7.8) hours and 20.9 (17.6-25.9) hours; P = 0.02). It was difficult to assess the effect of primaquine on P. knowlesi parasites, due to the rapid anti-malarial properties of chloroquine and since primaquine was administered 24 hours after chloroquine. No P. knowlesi recrudescences or re-infections were detected by PCR.

Conclusions
Chloroquine plus primaqine is an inexpensive and highly effective treatment for uncomplicated knowlesi malaria infections in humans and there is no evidence of drug resistance. Further studies using alternative anti-malarial drugs, including artemisinin derivatives, would be desirable to define optimal management strategies for P. knowlesi.
MiR-221 and miR-222 target PUMA to induce cell survival in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Chun-Zhi , Zhang Jun-Xia , Zhang An-Ling , Shi Zhen-Dong , Han Lei , Jia Zhi-Fan , Yang Wei-Dong , Wang Guang-Xiu , Jiang Tao , You Yong-Ping , Pu Pei-Yu , Cheng Jin-Quan , Kang Chun-Sheng 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
MiR-221 and miR-222 (miR-221/222) are frequently up-regulated in various types of human malignancy including glioblastoma. Recent studies have reported that miR-221/222 regulate cell growth and cell cycle progression by targeting p27 and p57. However the underlying mechanism involved in cell survival modulation of miR-221/222 remains elusive.

Results
Here we showed that miR-221/222 inhibited cell apoptosis by targeting pro-apoptotic gene PUMA in human glioma cells. Enforced expression of miR-22/222 induced cell survival whereas knockdown of miR-221/222 rendered cells to apoptosis. Further, miR-221/222 reduced PUMA protein levels by targeting PUMA-3'UTR. Introducing PUMA cDNA without 3'UTR abrogated miR-221/222-induced cell survival. Notably, knockdown of miR-221/222 induces PUMA expression and cell apoptosis and considerably decreases tumor growth in xenograft model. Finally, there was an inverse relationship between PUMA and miR-221/222 expression in glioma tissues.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, these data indicate for the first time that miR-221/222 directly regulate apoptosis by targeting PUMA in glioblastoma and that miR-221/222 could be potential therapeutic targets for glioblastoma intervention.