bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined 18F‐fluorocholine and 18F‐fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging for staging of high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Kjölhede Henrik , Ahlgren Göran , Almquist Helen , Liedberg Fredrik , Lyttkens Kerstin , Ohlsson Tomas , Bratt Ola 
Published: April 2012

Study Type – Diagnosis (cohort)Level of Evidence 2aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with choline and fluoride for the detection of metastases in patients with prostate cancer have each been evaluated, with mixed results. Choline PET/CT has been evaluated against pelvic lymphadenectomy, generally with a low sensitivity but a high specificity; however, the study populations have been heterogenous. Fluoride PET/CT has been evaluated against other imaging methods, such as bone scan, single photon emission CT and MRI, and has been shown to have high specificity as well as sensitivity for bone metastases, but there are no studies with biopsy verification.This is the first study that evaluates the clinical use of both choline and fluoride PET/CT on the same patients in a well‐defined population of patients with high‐risk prostate cancer.OBJECTIVE
To investigate how often positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, with both 18F‐fluorocholine and 18F‐fluoride as markers, add clinically relevant information for patients with prostate cancer who have high‐risk tumours and a normal or inconclusive planar bone scan.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with prostate cancer with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels between 20 and 99 ng/mL and/or Gleason score 8–10 tumours, planned for treatment with curative intent based on routine staging with a negative or inconclusive bone scan, were further investigated with a 18F‐fluorocholine and a 18F‐fluoride PET/CT.
None of the patients received hormonal therapy before the staging procedures were completed.
RESULTS
For 50 of the 90 included patients (56%) one or both PET/CT scans indicated metastases.
18F‐fluorocholine PET/CT indicated lymph node metastases and/or bone metastases in 35 patients (39%).
18F‐fluoride PET/CT was suggestive for bone metastases in 37 patients (41%).
In 18 patients (20%) the PET/CT scans indicated widespread metastases, leading to a change in therapy intent from curative to non‐curative.
Of the patients with positive scans, 74% had Gleason score 8–10 tumours. Of the patients with Gleason score 8–10 tumours, 64% had positive scans.
CONCLUSIONS
PET/CT scans with 18F‐fluorocholine and 18F‐fluoride commonly detect metastases in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer and a negative or inconclusive bone scan.
For 20% of the patients the results of the PET/CT scans changed the treatment plan.
Iranian nursing staff's self‐reported general and mental health related to working conditions and family situation
Authors: Arsalani N. , Fallahi‐Khoshknab M. , Josephson M. , Lagerstrom M. 
Published: April 2012

ARSALANI N., FALLAHI‐KHOSHKNAB M., JOSEPHSON M. & LAGERSTROM M. (2012) Iranian nursing staff's self‐reported general and mental health related to working conditions and family situation. International Nursing Review59, 416–423Background:  There is increasing global evidence that today's work environment results in higher risk of adverse health among nursing staff than among other professions.Aim:  To investigate self‐reported general and mental health among Iranian nursing staff, and associations with organizational, physical and psychosocial working conditions and family situation.Methods:  520 nursing personnel from 10 university hospitals in Tehran participated in this cross‐sectional study. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire in the Persian language, containing the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, physical items from the Nurse Early eXit Study and two scales relating to general health and mental health from the Short Form‐36. The Chi‐square test with P < 0.05 and logistic regression were used to analyse data.Results:  Three out of four nursing staff reported overtime work. The self‐reported general and mental health rates of participants were poor/fair (38%, 41%), good (44%, 39%) and very good/excellent (18%, 20%), respectively. Family demands were associated with general health but were not associated with mental health. Adverse physical and psychosocial work conditions gave an elevated odds ratio for poor health.Conclusion:  Poor general and mental health was associated with adverse working conditions and family demands. Physical and psychosocial working conditions of nursing personnel should be improved. Social facilities such as daycare for children and care for the elderly should be available during work shifts to help Iranian nurses play their family roles.
A DYNAMIC ENTRY AND PRICE GAME WITH CAPACITY INDIVISIBILITY
Authors: De Francesco Massimo A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTStrategic market interaction is here modelled as a two‐stage game in which potential entrants choose capacities and next active firms compete in prices. Due to capital indivisibility, the capacity choice is made from a finite grid and there are economies of scale. In the simplest version of the model with a single production technique, the equilibrium turns out to depend on the ratio between the level of total output at the long‐run competitive equilibrium and the firm's minimum efficient scale: if that ratio is sufficiently large (the market is sufficiently ‘large’), then the competitive price emerges at a subgame‐perfect equilibrium of the capacity and price game; if not, then the firms randomize in prices on the equilibrium path. The role of the market size for the competitive outcome is shown to be even more important if there are several available production techniques.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE HIGH‐FREQUENCY VERSIONS OF A STANDARD NEW‐KEYNESIAN MODEL
Authors: Franke Reiner , Sacht Stephen 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn a small‐scale New‐Keynesian model with a hybrid Phillips curve and IS equation, the paper is concerned with an arbitrary frequency of the agents’ synchronized decision making. It investigates the validity of a fundamental methodological precept according to which no substantive prediction or explanation of a well‐defined macroeconomic period model should depend on the real time length of the period. While this principle is basically satisfied as the period goes to zero, the impulse – response functions of the high‐frequency versions can qualitatively as well as quantitatively be fairly dissimilar from their quarterly counterpart. The result proves to be robust under variations of the degree of price stickiness. The main conclusion is that DSGE modelling may be more sensitive to its choice of the agents’ decision interval.
FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND RELIGION: A CROSS‐COUNTRY ANALYSIS
Authors: Bayanpourtehrani Ghazal , Sylwester Kevin 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper empirically examines whether female labour force participation (FLFP) in a cross‐section of countries between 1985 and 2005 varies depending upon the religion practised in these countries. Using a cross‐sectional empirical specification, we initially find that FLFP is lower in Muslim countries. However, the association between Islam and FLFP greatly diminishes once other controls are included in the regression, suggesting that Islam might not diminish FLFP as some have argued. Moreover, once these additional controls are included, the association between Islam and FLFP is similar to that between Catholicism and FLFP. Countries where Protestantism is prevalent or where no religion is practised have higher FLFP. Finally, we find some evidence that the association between FLFP and religion is weakening over time.
Web Geoservices and Ancient Cadastral Maps: The Web C.A.R.T.E. Project
Authors: Brovelli Maria A. , Minghini Marco , Giori Gianluca , Beretta Michele 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the State Archive of Como, Northern Italy, about 15,000 historical maps belonging to different national cadastral productions are preserved. The Web C.A.R.T.E. project was started to enhance the accessibility of this valuable cartographic heritage using FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) technologies. The system, which implements specific web geoservices for cataloguing and visualization, should assist the State Archive of Como in the digital management of its cartographic resources and related information. After the high‐resolution digitization step, maps undergo a georeferencing operation. A special statistical procedure for choosing the best mathematical model was developed, verifying also strengths and weaknesses of georeferencing with a common free and Open Source GIS. Next, metadata consistent with current Italian standards were added to the georeferenced maps using an ad hoc localized version of GeoNetwork Opensource (recently provided as the official Italian version of the software). A dedicated WebGIS system was built for publishing the georeferenced cadastral maps. This system is capable of navigating large raster data in a georeferenced framework and easily retrieving their metadata. The WebGIS system for the State Archive of Como is an important contribution for the preservation of the original historical paper maps and also a great modernization and simplification of the end user's access to this archive.
Modeling of Landslide‐Generated Tsunamis with GRASS
Authors: Cannata Massimiliano , Marzocchi Roberto , Molinari Monia Elisa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe following research aims to enhance and spread the capacity of assessing risk due to landslide‐generated tsunamis by fostering the use of a GIS (Geographic Information System), and in this particular instance, an Open Source GIS (where “Open Source” can be loosely defined as freely available source code). For this purpose, we tested a procedure to be spatially implemented in the Open Source GRASS GIS through developing a module named r.impact.tsunami that simulates landslide‐generated tsunami. In this article we present its application in a case study performed on Como Lake (Lago di Como) in northern Italy. The review of the results identified sources of uncertainties while the model sensitivity outlined the influence of the parameters governing the model. Moreover, in order to verify the model validity, we implemented a new module (r.swe), that simulates the tsunami propagation and run‐up with the shallow water equations, and compared the results. Notwithstanding non‐negligible differences, the two models produced results of the same magnitude; this confirmed the validity of both models, although a rigorous validation of the models could not be performed due to the lack of observed data.
Earth Observation Scientific Workflows in a Distributed Computing Environment
Authors: van Zyl Terence L , Vahed Anwar , McFerren Graeme , Hohls Derek 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGeospatially Enabled Scientific Workflows offer a promising toolset to help researchers in the earth observation domain with many aspects of the scientific process. One such aspect is that of access to distributed earth observation data and computing resources. Earth observation research often utilizes large datasets requiring extensive CPU and memory resources in their processing. These resource intensive processes can be chained; the sequence of processes (and their provenance) makes up a scientific workflow. Despite the exponential growth in capacity of desktop computers, their resources are often insufficient for the scientific workflow processing tasks at hand. By integrating distributed computing capabilities into a geospatially enabled scientific workflow environment, it is possible to provide researchers with a mechanism to overcome the limitations of the desktop computer. Most of the effort on extending scientific workflows with distributed computing capabilities has focused on the web services approach, as exemplified by the OGC's Web Processing Service and by GRID computing. The approach to leveraging distributed computing resources described in this article uses instead remote objects via RPyC and the dynamic properties of the Python programming language. The Vistrails environment has been extended to allow for geospatial processing through the EO4Vistrails package (http://code.google.com/p/eo4vistrails/). In order to allow these geospatial processes to be seamlessly executed on distributed resources such as cloud computing nodes, the Vistrails environment has been extended with both multi‐tasking capabilities and distributed processing capabilities. The multi‐tasking capabilities are required in order to allow Vistrails to run side‐by‐side processes, a capability it does not currently have. The distributed processing capabilities are achieved through the use of remote objects and mobile code through RPyC.
Supporting Accessibility for Blind and Vision‐impaired People With a Localized Gazetteer and Open Source Geotechnology
Authors: Rice Matthew T. , Aburizaiza Ahmad O. , Jacobson R. Daniel , Shore Brandon M. , Paez Fabiana I. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDisabled people, especially the blind and vision‐impaired, are challenged by many transitory hazards in urban environments such as construction barricades, temporary fencing across walkways, and obstacles along curbs. These hazards present a problem for navigation, because they typically appear in an unplanned manner and are seldom included in databases used for accessibility mapping. Tactile maps are a traditional tool used by blind and vision‐impaired people for navigation through urban environments, but such maps are not automatically updated with transitory hazards. As an alternative approach to static content on tactile maps, we use volunteered geographic information (VGI) and an Open Source system to provide updates of local infrastructure. These VGI updates, contributed via voice, text message, and e‐mail, use geographic descriptions containing place names to describe changes to the local environment. After they have been contributed and stored in a database, we georeference VGI updates with a detailed gazetteer of local place names including buildings, administrative offices, landmarks, roadways, and dormitories. We publish maps and alerts showing transitory hazards, including location‐based alerts delivered to mobile devices. Our system is built with several technologies including PHP, JavaScript, AJAX, Google Maps API, PostgreSQL, an Open Source database, and PostGIS, the PostgreSQL's spatial extension. This article provides insight into the integration of user‐contributed geospatial information into a comprehensive system for use by the blind and vision‐impaired, focusing on currently developed methods for geoparsing and georeferencing using a gazetteer.
Advanced maternal age and obstetric morbidity for women giving birth in Victoria, Australia: A population‐based study
Authors: Biro Mary Anne , Davey Mary‐Ann , Carolan Mary , Kealy Michelle 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundAs the proportions of older women giving birth increase, there is a growing body of evidence on the increased risks of poorer maternal and perinatal outcomes for this group. However, the associations are not completely understood. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of selected maternal morbidities and examine whether advanced maternal age is associated with a higher risk of morbidity for women giving birth in Victoria.MethodData on all births over 20 weeks‧ gestation for 2005 and 2006 were obtained from the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were undertaken using logistic regression to examine and quantify the association between advanced maternal age (35 years and older) and selected obstetric morbidities and complications.ResultsThere was evidence of an association between older maternal age and selected morbidities and complications. Older nulliparous women were at highest odds of gestational diabetes (AdjOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.67–2.02), placenta praevia (AdjOR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.68–2.44), multiple birth (AdjOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.58–2.06) and caesarean delivery (AdjOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.84–2.02). Older multiparous women were at highest odds of gestational diabetes (AdjOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.88–2.15) and placenta praevia (AdjOR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.83–2.44).ConclusionsOlder women giving birth in Victoria are at an increased risk of a range of obstetric morbidities. Delayed childbearing for an increasing number of women has societal and public health ramifications and will potentially place greater demand on healthcare services.
Do women notice the effect of childbirth‐related pelvic floor trauma?
Authors: Dietz Hans P. , Shek Ka Lai , Chantarasorn Varisara , Langer Susanne E.M. 
Published: April 2012

IntroductionIn 10–30% of women, vaginal birth results in levator ani tears (‘avulsion’) that are associated with pelvic floor dysfunction in later life. We hypothesised that women notice reduced pelvic floor muscle strength after childbirth, especially those with avulsion.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of two perinatal studies. At 3–6 months postpartum, women were asked to estimate pelvic floor muscle strength relative to antepartum strength. Translabial ultrasound was performed to determine pelvic floor structure and function.ResultsFive hundred and thirteen primiparous women were seen at a median of 129 days after delivery of a singleton at a mean gestation of 40 weeks. At follow‐up, 481 were able to rate pelvic floor strength (mean 89%). This reduction was associated with delivery mode (P < 0.001), episiotomy (P = 0.01), perineal tears (P = 0.025) and avulsion (n = 45, P = 0.04).ConclusionAfter the birth of a first child, women notice a significant reduction in pelvic floor muscle strength, which is associated with delivery mode as well as perineal and pelvic floor muscle trauma.SummaryMany women notice reduced pelvic floor function after childbirth, especially those who have suffered an avulsion of the puborectalis muscle.
PREDICTION OF HEATING LENGTH TO OBTAIN A DEFINITE F VALUE DURING PASTEURIZATION OF CANNED FOOD
Authors: DEROSSI A. , DE PILLI T. , LA PENNA M.P. , SEVERINI C. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAn empirical mathematical method to predict the heating length necessary to reach a desired F value during pasteurization treatments of canned food was developed. The method was based on (1) the fitting of heat penetration curve previously subdivided into three subsets of data and (2) the prediction of new heat penetration curves able to obtain the desired F value. The method was validated at laboratory and industrial scales by performing experimental tests on gherkins in vinegar, mushrooms in maize oil and semidried tomatoes in glass pots and tin cans. In all cases, the model well fitted the experimental data, obtaining r and E values lower than 0.990 and 3.66, respectively. The comparison between predicted and experimental heating times stated the accuracy of the method; in fact, at laboratory scale, the relative deviation values ranged between 0.622 and −5.644; instead, in a continuous pasteurizer tunnel, the values were lower than −3.898.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPasteurization is the most important technology applied at industrial scale to reach safety of acidified canned foods. Although it is widely used and known, often the small medium enterprises are unable to optimize the process basing the definition of operative conditions on empirical information; for these reasons and with the aim to assure the safety, heating time is often overestimated, leading to several drawbacks such as the increase of the energy consumption, heat degradation and the decrease of productivity. In this way, the mathematical method developed in this work, which is a user‐friendly tool to calculate with high accuracy, and on the basis of few experiments, the heating time necessary to reach the F value desired, is very important to the canned food industry.
Fliegeruntersuchungen
Authors: Christcnsen E. Hohwü , Krogh August 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung.Ein modifiziertes Rebreather‐Verfahren zur Prüfung von Hochfliegern wird beschrieben. Statt des ursprünglich verwendeten Volumens von etwa 50 L. enthält das Rebreather‐System 200 L. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß der Abfall in O2‐Druck sehr verzögert wird und die Prüflinge längere Zeit bei niedrigem O2‐Druck zur Beobachtung gelangen können. Es ist bei diesem Verfahren ohne wesentliche Bedeutung für das Endresultat, ob die Prüfung einige Minuten früher oder später beendet wird.Das in der Unterdruckkammer verwendete Prüfungsverfahren wird kurz beschrieben. Es wird verlangt, daß der Prüfling ohne größere psychische, motorische oder zirkulatorische Störungen einen Druckabfall bis auf 360 mm Hg., was einer Höhe von etwa 6 km entspricht, für etwa 10 Minuten vertragen kann.
Das Vorkommen von Fumarase im Samen gewisser Cucurbitacéen1
Authors: Thunberg T. 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung.Setzt man in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff einem methylenblauhaltigen Phosphatextrakt von Cucumis sativus‐ oder Echinocystis lobata‐Samen Alkalifumarat zu, so wird die Entfärbungsgeschwindigkeit des Systems wesentlich gesteigert. Eine Analyse der Versuchsbedingungen zeigt, daß die Fumarsäure selbst hierbei nicht als Wasserstoffdonator auftreten kann. Die Fumarsäure muß erst in 1‐Apfelsäure umgewandelt werden, die dann unter dem Einfluß der Malicode‐hydrogenase als Wasserstoffdonator wirkt. Die Versuche zeigen also, daß die betreffenden Samenarten teils Malicodehydrogenase enthalten, was schon bekannt war, teils Fumarase. Von den bisher auf Fumarase untersuchten Samenarten scheinen die genannten Samen die aktivsten zu sein.
Die Verteilung und der Umsatz des Methylalkohols beim Hund1
Authors: Neymark Math 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung.
. Widmarks Methode ist zur Bestimmung von Methylalkohol geeignet, wenn gewisse Modifikationen vorgenommen werden.
. Methylalkohol verteilt sich im Körper in gleicher Weise wie Äthylalkohol; der Konzentrationsabfall im Blute pro Zeiteinheit ist jedoch für Methylalkohol ca. um das Zehnfache geringer als für Äthylalkohol.
. Gaben von 1–2–4 Dinitrophenol per os steigern den Konzentrationsabfall des Methylalkohols im Blute in hohem Grade.
. Wird Nahrung gleichzeitig mit Methylalkohol eingenommen, beobachtet man keine Senkung der Alkoholkonzentration im Blute oder jedenfalls nur einen geringen Effekt im Vergleich zu dem bei Äthylalkohol erhaltenen.
Der Einfluß von Neutralfett, Fettsäure und Glycerin auf den Aethylalkoholumsatz1
Authors: Neymark Mark , Widmark Erik M. P. 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung.
. Die freie Fettsäure entzieht einen gewissen mäßigen Teil des eingegebenen Äthylalkohols dem gewöhnlichen Umsatz.
. Das Glycerinester der Fettsäure in Form von Arachisöl hat diesen Effekt nicht.
. Gibt man Glycerin zusammen mit Ölsäure, so wird der Effekt der letzteren hochgradig aktiviert.
. Glycerin allein hat indessen keinen feststellbaren Einfluß auf den Alkoholumsatz.
. Auch erhöht Glycerin nicht die Wirkung von Glykokoll und Citronensäure.
. Glycerinphosphat allein hat keinen Einfluß auf den Alkoholumsatz, und gibt man es zusammen mit Ölsäure, wird die Aktivität der Säure nicht gesteigert.