bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Crossover Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Sevelamer Hydrochloride and Lanthanum Carbonate in Japanese Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Kasai Satoshi , Sato Kazuto , Murata Yaeko , Kinoshita Yasumichi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInsufficient control of serum calcium and phosphate levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis is associated with increased mortality. As commonly used calcium‐containing phosphate binders can cause arterial calcification, newly developed calcium‐free phosphate binders, such as sevelamer hydrochloride (SH) and lanthanum carbonate (LC), have received much attention. We assessed the efficacy and safety of SH and LC treatment in Japanese patients undergoing hemodialysis in a prospective randomized open blinded endpoint (PROBE) crossover study. Forty‐two patients were randomized to receive SH or LC for 13 weeks, with the dosages adjusted every 2 weeks, followed by treatment with the other drug for another 13 weeks. The average daily doses of SH and LC were 2971 ± 1464 mg and 945 ± 449 mg, respectively. The mean dosage ratio of SH to LC was 3.05, which was maintained throughout the treatment period. SH and LC were similarly effective at controlling serum calcium and phosphate levels in the majority of patients (78–93%). A few serious adverse events (AEs) involving the biliary system occurred during the LC treatment period, but they were not considered to be treatment‐induced. Although the incidence of constipation, the most common treatment‐related AE, was higher during the SH period (27% vs. 5%; P < 0.05), no difference was observed in total treatment‐related AEs. This study demonstrates that SH and LC are comparable treatments for controlling serum phosphate and calcium levels, and that both compounds are safe and well‐tolerated in Japanese patients undergoing hemodialysis.
INFLUENCE OF COMBINED MICROWAVE‐VACUUM DRYING ON DRYING KINETICS AND QUALITY OF DRIED TOMATO SLICES
Authors: ABANO E.E. , MA H. , QU W. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe study investigated the influence of four microwave powers on the drying kinetics and quality of tomato slices in a microwave‐vacuum dryer at vacuum pressures of 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06 MPa. The results showed that increase in microwave‐vacuum drying conditions increased drying rates and resulted in decreased drying time from 84 to 14 min. The nonenzymatic browning index increased with microwave power whereas the overall flavor degradation was between 18.99 and 20.80%. The brightness and the yellowness of the dried tomatoes generally increased but there was a slight reduction in redness when compared with the fresh. The effective moisture diffusivity increased with microwave power and was 7.22 × 10−9, 9.10 × 10−9, 14.99 × 10−9 and 25.19 × 10−9 m2/s at respective microwave powers of 200, 300, 500 and 700 W.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMicrowave‐vacuum drying is one of the advanced methods with numerous advantages including high thermal efficiency, shorter drying time and improved product quality. Tomato is the second most important vegetable with enormous health benefits, which include reduction of cholesterol, improvement of vision, maintenance of gut, lowering of hypertension, alleviation of diabetes, and prevention of urinary tract infections and gallstones. The quality of dried products obtained using the microwave‐vacuum dryer provides industries with method that can be used to enhance the quality of dried tomatoes. The dried product is a valuable ingredient in the preparation of soups and sauces, as well as in cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations.
P2RY1 and P2RY12 polymorphisms and on‐aspirin platelet reactivity in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: TIMUR A. A. , MURUGESAN G. , ZHANG L. , AUNG P. P. , BARNARD J. , WANG Q. K. , GAUSSEM P. , SILVERSTEIN R. L. , BHATT D. L. , KOTTKE‐MARCHANT K. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryIntroduction:  Association of P2RY1 and P2RY12 polymorphisms with on‐aspirin platelet reactivity was investigated.Materials and methods:  Platelet reactivity was assessed by the light transmission aggregometry and TxB2 assay in 423 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) on aspirin. High residual platelet reactivity (RPR) was defined by ≥20% and ≥70% maximal aggregation stimulated with 0.5 mg/mL arachidonic acid (AA) and 10 μm ADP, respectively. Moderate RPR was considered aggregation ≥20% with AA, ≥70% with ADP, or ≥1 ng/mL stimulated TxB2. Fourteen P2RY1 and 35 P2RY12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped.Results:  High RPR was detected in 24% of the patients. Moderate RPR was observed in 31% with AA, 57% with 5 μm ADP, and 82% with 10 μm ADP. Stimulated TxB2 was ≥1 ng/mL in 23% of patients. P2RY12 SNP rs9859538 was associated with high RPR (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.24–3.75, P‐value = 0.004). Four P2RY12 SNPs, rs1491974, rs10513398, rs3732765, and rs10935841, showed association with moderate RPR (OR = 1.79–2.94, P‐value = 0.04–0.028), while five, rs7615865, rs1388623, rs1388622, rs7634096, and rs7637803, were associated with low RPR (OR = 0.50–0.55, P‐value = 0.008–0.026), following ADP stimulation. TxB2 level <1 ng/mL was linked to five P2RY1 SNPs, rs1439010, rs1371097, rs701265, rs12497578, and rs2312265 (OR = 0.36–0.54, P‐value = 0.003–0.039).Conclusions:  Polymorphisms in P2RY1 and P2RY12 are associated with on‐aspirin platelet reactivity in patients with CAD.
Evolution of root plasticity responses to variation in soil nutrient distribution and concentration
Authors: Grossman Judah D. , Rice Kevin J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRoot plasticity, a trait that can respond to selective pressure, may help plants forage for nutrients in heterogeneous soils. Agricultural breeding programs have artificially selected for increased yield under comparatively homogeneous soil conditions, potentially decreasing the capacity for plasticity in crop plants like barley (Hordeum vulgare). However, the effects of domestication on the evolution of root plasticity are essentially unknown. Using a split container approach, we examined the differences in root plasticity among three domestication levels of barley germplasm (wild, landrace, and cultivar) grown under different concentrations and distribution patterns of soil nutrients. Domestication level, nutrient concentration, and nutrient distribution interactively affected average root diameter; differential root allocation (within‐plant plasticity) was greatest in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum), especially under low nutrient levels. Correlations of within‐plant root plasticity and plant size were most pronounced in modern cultivars under low‐nutrient conditions. Barley plants invested more resources to root systems when grown in low‐nutrient soils and allocated more roots to higher‐nutrient locations. Root plasticity in barley is scale dependent and varies with domestication level. Although wild barley harbors a greater capacity for within‐plant root plasticity than domesticated barley, cultivars exhibited the greatest capacity to translate within‐plant plasticity into increased plant size.
Hybridization, cryptic diversity, and invasiveness in introduced variable‐leaf watermilfoil
Authors: Tavalire Hannah F. , Bugbee Gregory E. , LaRue Elizabeth A. , Thum Ryan A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHybridization may be important in the evolution of invasiveness, but few empirical studies compare introduced hybrid and parental lineages. Invasive ‘variable‐leaf watermilfoil’ (Myriophyllum heterophyllum) in the northeastern United States consists of at least three distinct lineages: an interspecific hybrid (M. heterophyllum × Myriophyllum laxum) and two historically allopatric lineages of pure M. heterophyllum. Previous observations suggested that hybrid populations of variable‐leaf watermilfoil may be comparatively more ‘invasive’ than pure lineages. However, no quantitative data comparing hybrid and parental lineages have been collected, nor has invasiveness been compared between parental lineages. Here, we demonstrate that these distinct lineages are also ecologically distinct. We find some support for the hypothesis that hybridization has played a role in the evolution of invasiveness: hybrids exhibited higher biomass, individual plant size, and greater branching than at least one parental lineage of M. heterophyllum. However, parental lineages did not differ from the hybrid for some traits, demonstrating that pure parental lineages can also be invasive. In addition, we found no evidence for a role of intraspecific hybridization in the evolution of invasiveness in these lineages of variable‐leaf watermilfoil, even where they co‐occurred locally. Our study suggests that distinguishing among cryptic lineages will help prioritize rapid response control efforts.
Peripheral autofluorescence findings in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Witmer Matthew T. , Kozbial Andrzej , Daniel Sara , Kiss Szilárd 
Published: May 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe the peripheral autofluorescent findings in patients with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) using ultrawide‐field imaging.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed the ultra‐wide‐field autofluorescent images of all patients diagnosed with AMD or macular drusen at the Department of Ophthalmology of Weill Cornell Medical College from July 2010 to September 2011. Peripheral autofluorescent phenotypes included normal autofluorescence, focal pinpoint hyperfluorescence, granular fluorescent changes, patchy hypofluorescence, and reticular hypofluorescence.Results:  One hundred and ten consecutive patients (220 eyes) with a diagnosis of AMD or macular drusen were imaged using ultra‐wide‐field autofluorescent technology during the study period. Eighty‐three patients (157 eyes) were included in the final analysis. Peripheral autofluorescent abnormalities were present in 63.6% of eyes with AMD versus 35.7% of control eyes (p = 0.049). Granular fluorescent changes (p = 0.0001) and patchy hypofluorescence (p = 0.0015) were more common in eyes with advanced AMD than in eyes with early AMD or control eyes. Granular fluorescent changes were also more common in eyes with choroidal neovascularization (p = 0.026) or geographic atrophy (p = 0.0001). Patchy hypofluorescence (0.0001) was more common in eyes with geographic atrophy.Conclusions:  Peripheral autofluorescent abnormalities are common in eyes with AMD. The peripheral findings in eyes with AMD may represent different phenotypes, which may indicate different environmental or genetic factors in the development of AMD. Characterizing the different peripheral phenotypes may have implications for diagnosis and treatment of AMD subtypes.
Carbon debt and carbon sequestration parity in forest bioenergy production
Authors: Mitchell Stephen R. , Harmon Mark E. , O'Connell Kari E. B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe capacity for forests to aid in climate change mitigation efforts is substantial but will ultimately depend on their management. If forests remain unharvested, they can further mitigate the increases in atmospheric CO2 that result from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. Alternatively, they can be harvested for bioenergy production and serve as a substitute for fossil fuels, though such a practice could reduce terrestrial C storage and thereby increase atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the near‐term. Here, we used an ecosystem simulation model to ascertain the effectiveness of using forest bioenergy as a substitute for fossil fuels, drawing from a broad range of land‐use histories, harvesting regimes, ecosystem characteristics, and bioenergy conversion efficiencies. Results demonstrate that the times required for bioenergy substitutions to repay the C Debt incurred from biomass harvest are usually much shorter (< 100 years) than the time required for bioenergy production to substitute the amount of C that would be stored if the forest were left unharvested entirely, a point we refer to as C Sequestration Parity. The effectiveness of substituting woody bioenergy for fossil fuels is highly dependent on the factors that determine bioenergy conversion efficiency, such as the C emissions released during the harvest, transport, and firing of woody biomass. Consideration of the frequency and intensity of biomass harvests should also be given; performing total harvests (clear‐cutting) at high‐frequency may produce more bioenergy than less intensive harvesting regimes but may decrease C storage and thereby prolong the time required to achieve C Sequestration Parity.
nadiv: an R package to create relatedness matrices for estimating non‐additive genetic variances in animal models
Authors: Wolak Matthew E. 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. The Non‐Additive InVerses (nadiv) R software package contains functions to create and use non‐additive genetic relationship matrices in the animal model of quantitative genetics.2. This study discusses the concepts relevant to non‐additive genetic effects and introduces the package.3. nadiv includes functions to create the inverse of the dominance and epistatic relatedness matrices from a pedigree, which are required for estimating these genetic variances in an animal model. The study focuses on three widely used software programs in ecology and in evolutionary biology (ASReml, MCMCglmm and WOMBAT) and how nadiv can be used in conjunction with each. Simple tutorials are provided in the Supporting Information.
The Children's Complementary Therapy Network: past, present and future
Authors: Lee Rhonda T 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Children's Complementary Therapy Network (CCTN) was established in the UK in 2003 as a multidisciplinary network in response to the growing trend of CAM use amongst children, and the professional isolation experienced by practitioners. The objective of this article is to outline the past, present and future initiatives of the CCTN. The list of CCTN activities, and the outcomes of these initiatives, was derived from the experiences and observations of the author, as well as from anecdotes from CCTN members and key stakeholders. To date, the CCTN has organised five successful national conferences on paediatric CAM service development and a number of health topics, including autism, cerebral palsy, palliative care and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Other advocacy, research and educative activities include encouraging disclosure of CAM use by parents through the dissemination of ‘Tell your Doctor’ posters, an evaluation of CAM use in children with autism, and supporting the development of a paediatric strand within a new post‐graduate integrated medicine programme. Collaborative network efforts like the CCTN and other paediatric CAM networks have an instrumental role in advancing paediatric CAM research and practice, while progressing its move towards integration into the NHS.
Effects of mind–body therapies in children
Authors: Hartmann Frederique , Vlieger Arine M 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMind–body medicine encompasses different treatment modalities, all focusing on interactions between the mind and the body, with the intent to using the mind to affect physical functioning and promote health. Our objective was to summarise the current evidence on four mind–body therapies that have been evaluated extensively for their efficacy in paediatrics: hypnotherapy/guided imagery, meditation, music therapy and yoga. A Medline search was undertaken of all reports and reviews published between 1990 and 2011 on the above‐mentioned mind–body modalities. Hypnotherapy and guided imagery are shown to be effective in reducing acute pain during medical procedures as well as chronic pain in functional gastro‐intestinal disorders. Benefits of meditation have been reported for mental‐health problems, high blood pressure, behavioural problems and learning disabilities. Music therapy appears to be a promising adjunct to the treatment of children undergoing painful or potentially fear‐inducing procedures. Positive effects of yoga have been shown in persons with mental‐health problems, eating disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. There is considerable evidence that mind–body interventions have mild to moderate effects on physical symptoms, psychological functioning and QoL, and may be particularly helpful for children coping with acute pain (e.g. due to clinical procedures), chronic abdominal pain due to irritable bowel syndrome, and mental‐health problems.
The American Academy of Pediatrics and Integrative Medicine: past, present and future
Authors: Rosen Lawrence 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA century ago, paediatricians were dismissed as ‘baby doctors’ as the medical care of children was considered the secondary responsibility of general practitioners. Over the past century, though, the specialised medical care of infants and children has come to be an accepted and valued profession. This article provides an opportunity to reflect on where we are, how we got here and where we would like to be.
Acupuncture for cerebral palsy
Authors: Mandziuk Kurt , Liu Yali , Adams Denise , Vohra Sunita 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) has been defined as a disorder affecting body movement, motor skills and postural control. It is caused by damage to the developing fetal or infant brain during pregnancy, at birth or during the first 3–5 years of life. Patients with CP often seek out CAM treatments, such as acupuncture. The objective of this study was to examine the evidence for the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture for CP. Four databases (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, EMBASE and MEDLINE) were searched for RCTs and systematic reviews (SRs) of acupuncture and CP. Titles and abstracts were screened; articles meeting the selection criteria were retrieved in full. Studies were included if they were SRs or RCTs and evaluated the effectiveness of an acupoint stimulation technique in children with CP. Only English and Chinese language papers were included. The search identified seven studies; six RCTs and one quasi‐RCT that included acupuncture in at least one group. Three of the RCTs compared different types of acupuncture, while four compared acupuncture to another active intervention, including osteopathy, massage, music and play. The evidence of safety and effectiveness for acupuncture and cerebral palsy is difficult to interpret due to poor reporting. When the effectiveness of a treatment is unknown, data about its safety are paramount. With regards to paediatric needle acupuncture, there is reasonable evidence to suggest that it is safe in trained hands. However, the safety of acupoint injection is unknown, particularly when foreign proteins are being injected.
Dosimetric and deformation effects of image‐guided interventions during stereotactic body radiation therapy of the prostate using an endorectal balloon
Authors: Jones Bernard L. , Gan Gregory , Diot Quentin , Kavanagh Brian , Timmerman Robert D. , Miften Moyed 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:During stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for the treatment of prostate cancer, an inflatable endorectal balloon (ERB) may be used to reduce motion of the target and reduce the dose to the posterior rectal wall. This work assessed the dosimetric impact of manual interventions on ERB position in patients receiving prostate SBRT and investigated the impact of ERB interventions on prostate shape.Methods:The data of seven consecutive patients receiving SBRT for the treatment of clinical stage T1cN0M0 prostate cancer enrolled in a multi‐institutional, IRB‐approved trial were analyzed. The SBRT dose was 50 Gy in five fractions to a planning target volume (PTV) that included the prostate (implanted with three fiducial markers) with a 3–5 mm margin. All plans were based on simulation images that included an ERB inflated with 60 cm3 of air. Daily kilovoltage cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was performed to localize the PTV, and an automated fusion with the planning images yielded displacements required for PTV relocalization. When the ERB volume and/or position were judged to yield inaccurate repositioning, manual adjustment (ERB reinflation and/or repositioning) was performed. Based on all 59 CBCT image sets acquired, a deformable registration algorithm was used to determine the dose received by, displacement of, and deformation of the prostate, bladder (BLA), and anterior rectal wall (ARW). This dose tracking methodology was applied to images taken before and after manual adjustment of the ERB (intervention), and the delivered dose was compared to that which would have been delivered in the absence of intervention.Results:Interventions occurred in 24 out of 35 (69%) of the treated fractions. The direct effect of these interventions was an increase in the prostate radiation dose that included 95% of the PTV (D95) from 9.6 ± 1.0 to 10.0 ± 0.2 Gy (p = 0.06) and an increase in prostate coverage from 94.0% ± 8.5% to 97.8% ± 1.9% (p = 0.03). Additionally, ERB interventions reduced prostate deformation in the anterior–posterior (AP) direction, reduced errors in the sagittal rotation of the prostate, and increased the similarity in shape of the prostate to the radiotherapy plan (increased Dice coefficient from 0.76 ± 0.06 to 0.80 ± 0.04, p = 0.01). Postintervention decreases in prostate volume receiving less than the prescribed dose and decreases in the voxel‐wise displacement of the prostate, bladder, and anterior rectal wall were observed, which resulted in improved dose–volume histogram (DVH) characteristics.Conclusions:Image‐guided interventions in ERB volume and/or position during prostate SBRT were necessary to ensure the delivery of the dose distribution as planned. ERB interventions resulted in reductions in prostate deformations that would have prevented accurate localization of patient anatomy.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus salivarius SMXD51, a Potential Probiotic Strain Isolated from Chicken Cecum, Showing Anti-Campylobacter Activity
Authors: Kergourlay Gilles , Messaoudi Soumaya , Dousset Xavier , Prévost Hervé 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus salivarius
SMXD51, isolated from the cecum of healthy chickens showing an activity against
Campylobacter
—the food-borne pathogen that is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the European Union (EU)—and potentially interesting features for a probiotic strain, explaining our interest in it.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Corallococcus coralloides DSM 2259
Authors: Huntley Stuart , Zhang Ye , Treuner-Lange Anke , Kneip Susanne , Sensen Christoph W. , Søgaard-Andersen Lotte 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Corallococcus coralloides
, like most other myxobacteria, undergoes a developmental program culminating in the formation of fruiting bodies.
C. coralloides
fruiting bodies are morphologically distinct from those of other fruiting myxobacteria for which full-length genome sequences are available. The genome sequence of the 10.0-Mb
C. coralloides
genome is presented herein.
Complete Genome Sequence of Flavobacterium indicum GPSTA100-9T, Isolated from Warm Spring Water
Authors: Barbier Paul , Houel Armel , Loux Valentin , Poulain Julie , Bernardet Jean-François , Touchon Marie , Duchaud Eric 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete annotated genome sequence of
Flavobacterium indicum
CIP 109464
T
(= GPTSA100-9
T
), isolated from warm spring water in Assam, India. The genome sequence of
F. indicum
revealed a number of interesting features and genes in relation to its environmental lifestyle.
Genome Sequence of Kingella kingae Septic Arthritis Isolate PYKK081
Authors: Kaplan Jeffrey B. , Lo Chienchi , Xie Gary , Johnson Shannon L. , Chain Patrick S. G. , Donnelly Robert , Kachlany Scott C. , Balashova Nataliya V. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Kingella kingae
is a human oral bacterium that can cause infections of the skeletal system in children. The bacterium is also a cardiovascular pathogen causing infective endocarditis in children and adults. We report herein the draft genome sequence of septic arthritis
K. kingae
strain PYKK081.