bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the potential of sugarcane borer in reducing sorghum fitness and grain production?
Authors: da Silva Fernandes Souza Camila , de Souza Bruno Henrique Sardinha , Fadini Marcos Antônio Matiello , França Josélia Carvalho Oliveira , de Menezes Cícero Bezerra , Nascimento Priscilla Tavares , Mendes Simone Martins 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPest attack is an important biotic threat to sorghum productivity, and one of the main insect pests of grain sorghum is sugarcane borer (SCB) Diatraea saccharalis. Despite the importance of this insect species, little is known about the relationship between SCB infestation and reduction in sorghum grain yield, as well as on the gain threshold and economic injury level for decision making of pest control. This study evaluated the influence of SCB infestation on plant performance and grain production in three commercial grain sorghum hybrids. Hybrids AG1090, BRS 373, and DKB 590 were planted in three crop seasons in Sete Lagoas, Brazil, and six treatments were assessed in the experiments, consisting of three grain sorghum hybrids with and without the insecticide chlorantraniliprole at 52.5 g a.i. ha−1 under SCB natural infestation. The parameters evaluated on sorghum plants were the length of tunnels, plant height, length and weight of panicles, stem borer injury, and grain yield. The infestation of SCB was higher when sorghum plants were not treated with insecticide, resulting in lower productivity. The use of insecticide increased plant height, reduced tunnel length, and increased panicle length and weight. Hybrids only affected panicle weight. The hybrid that presented the highest panicle weight when using the insecticide was AG 1090. Hybrids AG 1090 and DKB 590 showed reduced grain production with increasing gallery length, whereas BRS 373 did not show a significant correlation, which may suggest a certain level of tolerance to SCB attack. This is the first study that determines the gain threshold and economic injury level and that effectively shows how much grain yield is lost by SCB attack in grain sorghum hybrids.
Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot regulates autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to treat intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease
Authors: Zhang Dan , Liu Jiali , Lv Lei , Chen Xiaopin , Qian Yunzhi , Zhao Peizhen , Zhang Qiaofeng , Chen Yugen , Qian Haihua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimDrug therapy is the treatment of choice for Crohn's disease because it effectively controls or prevents intestinal inflammation. The purpose was to research the molecular mechanism of the total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (TFA) on intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease.MethodsA 2,4,6‐Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced colitis model and IGF‐1‐treated intestinal fibroblasts were established. Then, TFA, 3‐MA, and compound C were used treatments. Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson, and Picrosirius red staining were performed to observe the colon tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect α‐SMA expression. Flow cytometry, CCK8, wound healing, and Transwell assays were conducted to determine apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, and migration. Col1a1 and Col3a1 levels were detected using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Proteins related to autophagy and apoptosis were detected using western blotting.ResultsTFA treated intestinal fibrosis in chronic Crohn's disease. Colon length was the shortest in the ethanol + TNBS group, and TFA treatment significantly improved the situation. Intestinal fibrosis and the percentage of collagen area decreased after TFA treatment. TFA reduced fibrosis by enhancing autophagy stimulation, whereas an autophagy inhibitor reversed the TFA effect. TFA also inhibited migration, proliferation, and collagen synthesis in intestinal fibroblasts. Moreover, it enhanced autophagy and apoptosis of intestinal fibroblasts. TFA upregulated p‐AMPK expression and decreases p‐mTOR levels. Compound C partially rescued the effect of TFA, indicating that TFA affected intestinal fibroblasts via the AMPK/mTOR pathway in vitro and in vivo. TFA also downregulated Col1a1 and Col3a1 expression.ConclusionTFA regulates autophagy through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to treat intestinal fibrosis, which may provide a new therapy for Crohn's disease treatment.
“Hate has chipped away at my sense of security”: A survey study of the impacts of anti‐Asian hate on the health of older Asians
Authors: Li Lingsheng , Kang Jasmine , Nguyen Brian , Ho Maxwell , Li Andrew T. , Shih Jonathan J. , Kotwal Ashwin , Yeh Jarmin , Karliner Leah , Jeung Russell , Smith Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSince the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, older Asians have experienced a rise in racism and discrimination based on their race and ethnicity. This study examines how anti‐Asian hate impacts older Asians' mental, social, and physical health.MethodsFrom March 18, 2022 to January 24, 2023, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey study of community‐dwelling Asian/Asian American adults aged ≥50 years from the San Francisco Bay Area. Measures included perceptions of anti‐Asian hate; direct encounters with hate incidents; indirect experiences with hate incidents (e.g. knowing a friend who was a victim); reports of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and changes in daily activities; ways to address these issues; and discussions with clinicians about hate incidents.ResultsOf the 293 older Asians, 158 (54%) were Vietnamese and 97 (33%) Chinese. Eighty‐five (29%) participants were direct victims of anti‐Asian hate, 112 (38%) reported anxiety, 105 (36%) reported depression, 161 (55%) reported loneliness, and 142 (48%) reported decreased daily activities. Compared with those who were “not‐at‐all” to “moderately” worried about hate incidents, participants who were “very” to “extremely” worried experienced heightened anxiety (42% versus 16%), loneliness (30% versus 14%), and changes in daily activities (66% versus 31%), p < 0.01 for all. Most participants (72%) felt comfortable discussing hate incidents with clinicians; however, only 31 (11%) reported that a clinician had talked with them about these incidents.ConclusionBoth directly and indirectly, anti‐Asian hate negatively impacts older Asians' mental, social, and physical health. Clinicians have a role in addressing the health impacts of anti‐Asian hate.
The role of tryptophan and its derivatives in musculoskeletal pains: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De La Torre Canales Giancarlo , Al‐Moraissi Essam Ahmed , Fatih Tina , Razavian Artin , Westman Julia , Yanes Yanal , Grigoriadis Anastasios , Christidis Maria , Christidis Nikolaos , Barjandi Golnaz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies present ambiguous findings regarding the role of tryptophan and its metabolites, kynurenine and serotonin in chronic musculoskeletal pain. This systematic review aimed to investigate the expression of tryptophan and its metabolites, serotonin and kynurenine in patients with local and generalized chronic musculoskeletal pain in comparison with pain‐free controls.MethodsAn electronic search was conducted in the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Web of Science for clinical and observational trials from the beginning of each database to 21 April 2023. Out of 6734 articles, a total of 17 studies were included; 12 studies were used in the meta‐analysis of serotonin, 3 regarding tryptophan and 2 studies for a narrative synthesis regarding kynurenine. Risk of bias was assessed using the quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross‐sectional studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, while the certainty of evidence was by GRADE.ResultsAll included studies showed a low risk of bias. The meta‐analysis showed lower blood levels of tryptophan (p < .001; very low quality of evidence) and higher blood levels of serotonin (p < .001; very low‐quality evidence) in patients with generalized musculoskeletal pain, when compared to pain‐free individuals. In local chronic musculoskeletal pain, there were higher blood levels of serotonin (p=.251; very low quality of evidence) compared to pain‐free individuals. Regarding kynurenine, the studies reported both higher and lower blood levels in generalized chronic musculoskeletal pain compared to pain‐free individuals.ConclusionsThe blood levels of tryptophan and its metabolites serotonin and kynurenine seem to influence chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Complicating critical discussions in gender sexuality alliances: Youth desire for intersectional conversations and the experience of fragmentation
Authors: Singh Sukhmani , Salgin Linda , Kellogg Daniel , DaSilva Paris , Woodman Emma , Poteat V. Paul , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Calzo Jerel P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGender sexuality alliances (GSAs) represent consciousness‐raisings that hold potential for critical consciousness development in youth. In this study, we focus on critical reflection—the understanding that oppression is structured and maintained by human action. We engage intersectionality as our analytical framework and analyze both student interview data (n = 38) and advisor closed‐ended and open‐ended survey data (n = 58) to examine: (1) the nature/content of critically reflective discussions in GSAs and (2) how advisors support critically reflective discussions in GSAs and their role in these discussions. Our findings suggest that (1) conversations centering race and its intersections with other socio‐structural axes occur, albeit infrequently; (2) youth recognize and understand the concept of intersectionality in nuanced ways, desire to have critical intersectional conversations, and experience fragmentation from conversations around race, sexuality, and gender if they are situated at privileged locations on those axes; and (3) students want advisors to engage in critically reflective discussions in GSAs. The findings suggest that interventions and programming are needed that could cultivate advisors' and youth leaders' skills in facilitating intersectional dialogues for critical reflection among members.
Insurers' climate change risk management quality and natural disasters
Authors: Berry‐Stölzle Thomas R. , Fritzsch Simon , Scharner Philipp , Weiß Gregor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe perform a textual analysis of insurers' climate risk disclosures and construct a climate change risk management quality index. Our index captures to what extent insurers identify, manage, and adjust their business model to climate change risk. We find that natural disasters in an insurer's home state lead to an increase in climate change risk management quality. The effect of natural disasters in an insurer's geographic markets on climate change risk management seems to be less pronounced. Overall, these results are consistent with salience theories of choice.
Self‐love, growth, and competition in a public good game
Authors: Colasante Annarita , Morone Andrea , Nemore Francesco , Tiranzoni Paola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCompetition and cooperation are not always at odds and contributions to public goods are almost never one‐off one‐shot temporally isolated events. We examine voluntary contribution in a new public good experiment where “self‐love” competitive motivations and time dynamic interdependencies are simultaneously considered. The competitive motivations are manipulated via subjects competing in each group (intragroup competition) for higher return factors on their public expenditure, whereas time dynamic interdependencies are modeled by letting returns from previous periods available for future contributions to public goods (CG). We ran two control conditions where intragroup competition (C) and time dynamic interdependencies (G) are separately implemented. Our findings showed that shares of endowment contributed were significantly greater and increasing over time when endowments growth and heterogeneous returns factors were simultaneously introduced. This effect can be attributed to return factors obtained in previous periods. Accordingly, wealth exponential growth has been greatly accelerated relative to our control condition. Distributive equity concerns have been also documented. Although Gini coefficients were significantly lower in the presence of heterogeneous return factors and endowments growth, inequality trends seemed to converge at control condition values in the long term.
Methanogen–methanotroph community has a more consistent and integrated structure in rice rhizosphere than in bulk soil and rhizoplane
Authors: Wang Wenqi , Guo Yaping , Yang Lin , Adams Jonathan Miles 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMethanogenic and methanotrophic microbes together determine the net methane flux from rice fields. Despite much research on them as separate communities, there has been little study of combined community patterns, and how these vary between the rhizoplane (root surface), rhizosphere (soil surrounding the root) and bulk soil around rice plants, especially at larger spatial scale. We collected samples from 32 geographically scattered rice fields in east central China, amplicon targeting the mcrA gene for methanogenesis and pmoA gene for methanotrophy by using high‐throughput sequencing. Distinct communities of both methanogens and methanotrophs occurred in each of the three compartments, and predominantly positive links were found between methanogens and methanotrophs in all compartments indicating cross‐feeding or consortia relationships. Methanogens were acting as the network hub in the bulk soil, and methanotrophs in rhizoplane. Network complexity and stability was greater in the rhizosphere than rhizoplane and bulk soil, with no network hubs detected, suggesting the strongest effect of homeostatic influence by plant occurred in the rhizosphere. The proportion of determinism (homogeneous selection) and distance–decay relation (DDR) in rhizoplane was consistently lower than that in the rhizosphere for both communities, indicating weaker phylogenetic clustering in rice root surface. Our results have provided a better understanding of CH4 oxidation and emission in rice paddy fields and future agriculture management could take into consideration of the subtle variation among different soil compartments and interactions within methanogenic and methanotrophic communities.
Parkinson's disease is associated with low striated esophagus contractility potentially contributing to the development of dysphagia
Authors: Kerschner Alexander , Hassan Hamza , Kern Mark , Edeani Francis , Mei Ling , Sanvanson Patrick , Shaker Reza , Yu Elliot 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and more than 80% of PD patients will develop oropharyngeal dysphagia. Despite its striated histology, proximity to airway, and potential negative impact of its dysfunction on bolus transport and airway safety, the contractile function of the striated esophagus in PD patients has not been systematically studied.MethodsUsing our repository of clinical manometry and the Milwaukee ManoBank, we analyzed high‐resolution manometry (HRM) studies of 20 PD patients, mean age 69.1 (range 38–87 years); 30 non‐PD patients with dysphagia, mean age 64.0 (44–86 years); and 32 healthy volunteers, mean age 65.3 (39–86 years). Patients with abnormal findings based on Chicago Classification 4.0 were identified. Repeat analysis was performed in 20% of the manometric tracings by a different investigator with inter‐rater concordance between 0.91 and 0.99.Key ResultsThe striated esophageal contractile integral in PD patients was significantly lower than that in non‐PD dysphagic patients and healthy controls (p = 0.03 and <0.01, respectively). This significant difference persisted after excluding patients with concurrent Chicago Classification motility disorders (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). In both analyses, the distal esophageal contractile integral did not show any significant difference between groups (p = 0.58 and 0.93, respectively).Conclusions & InferencesPD is associated with a significant decrease in striated esophagus contractility compared to non‐PD and healthy controls. This finding may play a pathophysiologic role in development of dysphagia in this patient population.
What physicalism could be
Authors: Raven Michael J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe physicalist credo is that the world is physical. But some phenomena, such as minds, morals, and mathematics, appear to be nonphysical. While an uncompromising physicalism would reject these, a conciliatory physicalism need not if it can account for them in terms of an underlying physical basis. Any such account must refer to the nonphysical. But will not this unavoidable reference to the nonphysical conflict with the physicalist credo? This essay aims to clarify this problem and introduce a novel solution that relies on a distinction between “circumstantial” facts that are based in the circumstances and “acircumstantial” facts that are not. This is used in two ways. First, physicalism is restricted to circumstantial facts: Only they must have a physical basis that does not refer to the nonphysical. Second, facts accounting for the nonphysical are not restricted to the circumstantial: They may refer to the nonphysical if they are acircumstantial. Facts about how the physical accounts for the nonphysical therefore do not conflict with the physicalist's credo. This provides a credible answer to what physicalism could be.
Nourishing Catholic souls in post‐Tridentine miracle narratives
Authors: Rushton Joshua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe period of Catholic reform witnessed the proliferation of printed works that narrated historical and contemporary miracles for the edification of a vernacular readership. This article examines the role of printed miracle narratives in stimulating interior Catholic devotional life through close examination of three Italian vernacular collections printed in Italy between 1587 and 1597. Previous studies have focused on miracle stories where the resolution or prevention of earthly suffering in the forms of illness, miscarriages of justice, or accidents was the main event. Such narratives were designed to shape their readers' understanding of the culture of the miraculous and its relevance for their lives. This article takes a different approach to the role of the miraculous in early modern Catholicism by bringing narratives that had spiritual rather than physical outcomes to the centre of study. By bringing into focus the diversity of narratives compiled in miracle collections, it argues that stories also provided readers with opportunities to examine and tend to the state of their interior religious lives. This article offers a fresh perspective on the messages that early modern Catholics received about the value of the miraculous for their lives.
The narrative policy framework and institutions
Authors: McGovern Rachel , Jones Michael D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper re‐evaluates conventional Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) scholarship which has traditionally prioritized the study of specific rules configurations and their role in forming effective institutional arrangements. We suggest that effective institutional governance may actually be more reliant on the narrative foundations and personal cognitive interpretations of these rules than on the explicit rules themselves. By drawing insights from the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), which delves into the internal cognitive processes of individuals, we seek to enrich the understanding of institutional‐actor‐rule dynamics. We contend that policy actors often rely on narrative heuristics to navigate complex institutional landscapes, underscoring the role of narratives in both understanding institutional structures and instigating collective action. Although institutional scholarship recognizes the centrality of communication, its impact on shaping institutional arrangements and rule formation remains insufficiently explored. This paper advocates for the integration of the NPF and the Institutional Grammar Tools' (IGT) ADICO, identifying potential parallels between the two frameworks. Our preliminary theorization suggests a cyclical relationship between narratives and institutions, with narratives shaping and being shaped by institutional rules and norms. Building upon Narrative Attention Theory, we aim to understand the broader implications of institutional narratives in driving or reinforcing policy stasis. Our paper represents a foundational step toward a comprehensive theoretical framework on the role of narratives in institutions, spotlighting institutional rules and pointing to future research directions. Through the proposed integration of NPF and IGT's ADICO, we hope to provide a more nuanced understanding of narrative dynamics in institutional arrangements and pave the way for empirical exploration of this relationship.
Childhood socioeconomic background and elevated mortality among the young adult second generation in Sweden: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Wallace Matthew , Mussino Eleonora , Aradhya Siddartha , Harber-Aschan Lisa , Wilson Ben 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe native-born children of migrants represent one of the fastest-growing and most diverse young populations in the world today. A growing body of research highlights an elevated young adult mortality risk in this ‘second generation’ (G2) relative to the majority population at the same ages. Previous studies have tried to understand this increased risk by examining its association with inequality in the adult socioeconomic background (SEB) of the G2. Here, we instead analyse the association of second-generation status with childhood SEB.MethodsWe use administrative register data from Sweden to fit multistate, competing-risk, flexible parametric survival models on a data set of 13 404 deaths in 2.35 million young adults. We examine mortality from all causes and specific causes of death at the generational level and by parental region of birth, both before and after having adjusted for childhood SEB.ResultsThe G2 have higher all-cause mortality hazard rates (HR=1.29 (95% CIs=1.23 to 1.34)) than the majority population before adjusting for childhood SEB. Following adjustment, the size of the hazard rate is smaller, but remains higher than the majority population (aHR=1.16 (95% CIs=1.11 to 1.21)). The G2 additionally experience persistent and higher hazard rates of mortality from suicide (aHR=1.29 (95% CIs=1.20 to 1.39)), substance misuse (aHR=1.41 (95% CIs=1.26 to 1.58)) and assault (aHR=2.54 (95% CIs=2.02 to 3.20)). By parental origins, similar patterns to those described are documented among G2 that have at least one parent born in Finland, the other Nordic countries, former Yugoslavia, the rest of Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, Northern Africa, and Iran and Iraq. However, higher all-cause (aHR=1.42 (95% CIs=1.33 to 1.51)) and external-cause hazard rates of mortality (aHR=1.59 (95% CIs=1.48 to 1.72)) only persist among G2 with parent(s) born in Finland.ConclusionsG2 with various parental origins have higher mortality rates than the majority population do, and this difference is partly explained by their childhood SEB.