bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine and the Environment
Authors: Friedman Deborah I. , De Ver Dye Timothy 
Published: May 2009

Migraineurs often describe environmental triggers of their headaches, such as barometric pressure change, bright sunlight, flickering lights, air quality, and odors. Environmental aspects of indoor space and workplaces are also implicated in migraine experience. Comprehensive migraine treatment programs emphasize awareness and avoidance of trigger factors as part of the therapeutic regimen. As migraine has a substantial economic impact, remediation of correctable environmental triggers may benefit employee attendance and productivity among migraineurs. Few controlled studies in the literature, however, confirm environmental influences on migraine and headaches. Although some are controversial, migraineurs worldwide consistently report similar environmental triggers. This article addresses commonly mentioned environmental triggers with a discussion of their pathophysiology and proposed preventive measures. Objective: To examine the epidemiological evidence for commonly‐mentioned environmental migraine triggers, discuss their possible role in the pathophysiology of migraine and propose preventive measures to avoid or minimize exposure.Background: Migraineurs often describe environmental triggers of their headaches, such as barometric pressure change, bright sunlight, flickering lights, air quality and odors. Environmental aspects of indoor space and workplaces are also implicated in the migraine experience. As migraine has a substantial economic impact, remediation of correctable environmental triggers may improve attendance and productivity among migraineurs in the workplace. Methods: We reviewed the literature addressing indoor and outdoor environmental factors which are commonly implicated as migraine triggers. Results: Although some factors are controversial, migraineurs worldwide consistently report similar environmental triggers. However, few studies confirm environmental influences on migraine and headaches. Research to date indicates that migraineurs have lower thresholds for light‐induced discomfort, sine grating distortion and illusions, noise tolerance and olfactory sensitivity compared to the general population. Conclusion: There are conflicting studies supporting the validity of patient‐reported environmental migraine triggers. Prospective studies are needed to determine the extent that external stimuli influence the migraine process. Decreased thesholds for light, noise, olfactory and visual stimuli in migraineurs may be minimized by modifying the work, home and classroom settings.
Vestibular Pathways Involvement in Children With Migraine: A Neuro‐Otological Study
Authors: Marcelli Vincenzo , Furia Teresa , Marciano Elio 
Published: May 2009

(Headache 2010;50:71‐76)Objective.— To assess, during symptom free intervals, the clinical, audiological, and vestibular findings in a cohort of child migraine sufferers, with or without vertigo or dizziness or both.Background.— In adults and children, dizziness and vertigo are frequently associated with migraine.Methods.— Twenty‐two child migraine sufferers with vestibular symptoms, aged 7‐13 years (group A), and 18 child migraine sufferers without vestibular symptoms, aged 8‐13 (group B) entered our study between January 2007 and June 2007. The characteristics of auditory functions and vestibular symptoms and signs were assessed and reviewed by a blinded physician.Results.— The whole sample was found audiologically normal. In group A, 6 subjects had normal vestibular test results, whereas vestibular testing disclosed either peripheral or central sufferance or both, in the remaining 16 patients (73%). Twelve subjects from group B had normal vestibular test results whereas positive vestibular test results were reported in the remaining 6 subjects (33%).Conclusions.— This single‐blind work outlines the brain stem abnormalities in children with migraine in the form of direct involvement of peripheral or central vestibular pathways or both. Interestingly, some children with migraine but without vestibular symptoms also had abnormal results at vestibular testing. This could demonstrate a subclinical involvement of vestibular pathways without clinical presentation. The subjects are still being followed up to evaluate the evolution of symptomatology.
CO2 dependence of retinal arterial and capillary blood velocity
Authors: Harris Alon , Arend Oliver , Wolf Sebastian , Cantor Louis B. , Martin Bruce J. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT Objective: Blood flow to the brain is extremely sensitive to changes in PCO2. While animal studies show a similar potent PCO2 dependence in retinal and choroidal vessels, the PCO2‐retinal blood flow relationship has never been adequately studied in humans.Methods: Video scanning laser ophthalmoscopy after fluorescein angiography was used to analyze retinal arterial and capillary blood velocity under conditions of mild hypercapnia and hypocapnia. Control conditions (end‐tidal PCO2 = 38.3 ± 0.4 mmHg) were contrasted with hyperventilation‐induced hypocapnia (PCO2 = 34.0 ± 0.4 mmHg) and hypercapnia (PCO2 = 42.3 ± 0.5 mmHg) created by PCO2 addition to inspired gas.Results: Both larger vessel and macular capillary blood velocity was dependent upon PCO2: arteriovenous passage time fell as PCP2 rose, and both mean arterial dye velocity and capillary blood velocity rose as PCO2 rose (all p< 0.05). These changes in flow velocity occurred despite unchanged heart rate, arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressure, intraocular pressure, and calculated ocular perfusion pressure. Contrast sensitivity was also unchanged by PCO2 variation.Conclusions: The human retinal circulation, like the whole cerebral circulation, may be strongly dependent upon PCO2 in a manner that is unrelated to perfusion pressure and apparently outside strict autoregulatory controls.
Electroretinography of central retinal vein occlusion under scotopic and photopic conditions: What to measure?
Authors: Williamson Tom H. , Keating David , Bradnam Michael 
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Introduction: In the management of cases of central retinal vein occlusion it is important to identify those patients who will develop the complication of iris neovascularisation. Electroretinography is of proven use in this role but there is some confusion about which parameters to measure and at what stimulus intensities.Methods: A variety of ERG parameters in scotopic and photopic conditions were tested by ROC analysis for the prediction of the development of this complication in 39 patients with CRVO.Results: The results indicated that a single flash and measurement of the b/a ratio under photopic conditions is as effective in this aim as measuring multiple parameters.Conclusion: A simplified and shortened protocol could be used in the examination of this condition thereby making the application of ERG more practical in the clinical setting.
Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials in eyes with macular holes and their fellow eyes
Authors: Bemelmans Nicole A. , Tilanus Maurits A. , Cuypers Marinus H. , Pinckers Alfred J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Purpose: To investigate whether the pattern reversal visual evoked potential can be useful in the diagnosis and management of macular hole patients.Methods: The pattern reversal visual evoked potential was measured in 66 patients with a macular hole and in 43 healthy control subjects. Check sizes of 34′, 17′ and 10′ were applied.Results: Results showed that, for the check sizes of 34′, 17′ and 10′, eyes with a macular hole had significantly prolonged N80 and P100 latencies and a significantly reduced P100 amplitude as compared to their fellow eyes. Furthermore, for the 10′ check size, the fellow eyes appeared to have a significantly reduced P100 amplitude in comparison with the control eyes, whereas N80 and P100 latencies of the fellow eyes of the macular hole patients were not prolonged.Conclusion: Significant pattern reversal visual evoked potential alterations were shown in eyes with macular holes and fellow eyes for small check sizes.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and primary Sjögren's syndrome in a Danish population aged 30–60 years
Authors: Bjerrum Kirsten B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and primary Sjögren's syndrome a sample of 504 persons aged 30–60 years from Copenhagen was studied.Methods: The presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and primary Sjögren's syndrome was estimated according to both the Copenhagen set of criteria and the preliminary European criteria.Results: Symptoms of dry eye and oral dryness were very common and with no significant correlation to age or sex. Keratoconjuncitivis sicca was most frequent in persons aged 50–59 years and was equally common in men and women. Primary Sjögren's syndrome could only be diagnosed in one person according to the Copenhagen criteria (cut‐off the Schirmer‐1 test ≤ 5 mm/5 min), and in three persons according to the preliminary European criteria.Conclusion: The frequency of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in persons aged 30–60 years in Copenhagen may be estimated to be 11% according to the Copenhagen criteria and 8% according to the preliminary European criteria. The frequency of primary Sjögren's syndrome in persons aged 30–60 years in Copenhagen may be estimated to be between 0.2% and 0.8% according to the Copenhagen criteria and between 0.6% and 2.1% according to the preliminary European criteria.
Effect of diabetes mellitus and insulin therapy on bone density around osseointegrated dental implants: a digital subtraction radiography study in rats
Authors: De Morais Juliana Aparecida Najarro Dearo , Trindade‐Suedam Ivy Kiemle , Pepato Maria Teresa , Marcantonio Jr Elcio , Wenzel Ann , Scaf Gulnara 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin therapy on bone density around osseointegrated dental implants by digital subtraction radiography (DSR).Material and methods: Forty implants were placed in tibiae of 40 adult rats. After a healing period of 2 months, the animals were divided into four groups of 10 animals each: a 2‐month control group, sacrificed at time (A), a diabetic group (D), an insulin‐treated group (I) and a 4‐month control group (C). During 2 months, group I received subcutaneous doses of insulin, whereas groups C and D received only saline. The animals in groups D, I and C were thereafter sacrificed. The glucose plasma levels (GPLs) were monitored throughout the experiment. Film radiographs were taken at implant surgery and on the day of sacrifice. The radiographs were digitized, and bone density in regions of osseointegration (OR) around the implants was evaluated by quantitative DSR between baseline and final images. Differences in shades of gray among the groups were assessed using ANOVA.Results: GPLs were within normal range for groups A, C and I and higher for group D. There was a significant difference in mean gray shade values in the OR of subtraction images between groups D (122±7) and I (136±5) (P<0.05) while there were no significant differences between control groups A (128±13) and C (134±10) and the insulin group I.Conclusions: DM impaired bone density around osseointegrated dental implant. Further, insulin therapy maintained bone density in diabetic rats.
Randomized controlled trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and vinorelbine in patients with stage IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer in China
Authors: LI Jian , YU Li‐Chao , CHEN Ping , SHI Sheng‐Bing , DAI Chun‐Hua , WU Jian‐Rong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cisplatin plus vinorelbine as a regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the improvement of surgical resectability and survival in Chinese patients with stage IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:  Fifty‐six patients with stage IIIA NSCLC were randomly assigned to undergo either surgery preceded by two cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin plus vinorelbine (the neoadjuvant chemotherapy arm) or immediate surgery (the primary surgery arm). The patients who had a complete resection received two to four cycles of chemotherapy, and those with incomplete resection received radiotherapy followed by two cycles of chemotherapy after surgery.Results:  The overall response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 53.6%, with a complete response of 7.1%. A pathological complete response was seen in two patients (8%). The complete resection rates were 78.6% in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy arm and 60.7% in the primary surgery arm. The median overall survival and median disease‐free survival was 30 months and 24 months, respectively, in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy arm as compared to 16 months and 11 months in the primary surgery arm (P = 0.04 and P = 0.048). The 3‐year and 5‐year survival rate was 49.7% and 31.9%, respectively, for the neoadjuvant chemotherapy arm and 29.2% and 3.6% for the primary surgery arm.Conclusion:  Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin plus vinorelbine regimen is effective and tolerable and can improve the overall survival and disease‐free survival time in Chinese patients with stage IIIA NSCLC.
Targeted agents for the systemic treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: AZAD Arun , CHIONH Fiona , CEBON Jonathan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe prognosis for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is poor and systemic therapy has historically been of limited benefit. However, novel targeted agents offer promise in improving patient outcomes. In a recent phase III study the oral multi‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib was demonstrated to have a survival advantage over a placebo in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Similar efficacy was demonstrated in a phase III trial limited to an Asian–Pacific group of patients. While these results are encouraging, it is vital to make further progress. In this review we examine current knowledge of targeted agents in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. We also address some of the key issues that require exploration regarding the use of targeted agents in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Identification of Hemodialysis Patients' Common Problems Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Tsutsui Hideyo , Koike Teruhiko , Yamazaki Chikao , Ito Akira , Kato Fumi , Sato Hisamitsu , Tawada Hideo , Oshida Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the common health problems of Japanese patients on hemodialysis (HD) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The participants of this study had been on HD for at least five years when they were interviewed. The ICF checklist was used to initially interview 32 HD patients. Fifty‐seven categories of the ICF Checklist were identified as impaired; another 35 ICF categories, chosen based on interviews and expert discussion, as well as 8 categories relevant to HD, were included in the final checklist. This final checklist was then used to interview 104 patients. Overall, 10 categories in “Body functions” and 3 categories in “Body structures” were reported as problems by more than 50% of patients. Two categories in “Activities and participation” and 4 categories in “Environmental factors” were reported as restricted or a barrier for more than 30% of patients. A higher percentage of patients who started HD before 50 years of age and had a longer duration of HD reported problems in “Body functions” and “Body structures”, while more patients with a shorter duration of HD reported problems in relationships with their family. Japanese patients on maintenance HD have various physical and psychosocial problems. In addition, HD duration and the age when HD was started affect patients' reports of physical and psychosocial problems.
Clinical Importance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Nosocomial Pneumonia Due to its High Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Wakino Shu , Imai Eiko , Yoshioka Kyoko , Kamayachi Tadashi , Minakuchi Hitoshi , Hayashi Koichi , Inamoto Hajime , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPatients undergoing hemodialysis are immunocompromized and can suffer from pneumonia with various pathogens in nosocomial conditions. We investigated the fundamental information on the characteristics of hemodialysis inpatients and nosocomial pneumonia. We surveyed 1803 hemodialysis patients admitted to our university hospital between 2001 and 2007. The mean patient age was 64.8 years and the average period of hospitalization was 28.1 days, which was considerably longer than the average stay in our hospital (14.2 days). Patients were admitted to many different departments and for various reasons. We isolated 391 microorganisms from the sputum of 120 pneumonia patients undergoing hemodialysis, including Candida albicans, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which were the leading three isolates. From these 120 patients, a total of 199 pathogens were identified as being responsible for the pneumonia. Multi‐drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was found to be susceptible to a new fluoroquinolone, but is resistant to older generation quinolones. Out of the 120 patients with pneumonia, 12 out of 18 patients infected with S. maltophilia died, indicating the highest fatality rate for this pathogen. In this survey, we found that hemodialysis patients were hospitalized for long periods, and for various reasons in many departments. They suffered from nosocomial pneumonia caused by multi‐drug resistant pathogens, including S. maltophilia. For pneumonia due to S. maltophilia, new generation fluoroquinolones can be the treatment of choice, although S. maltophilia‐related pneumonia should be treated very carefully because of its high fatality rate.
Environmental Ethics: An Overview
Authors: McShane Katie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis essay provides an overview of the field of environmental ethics. I sketch the major debates in the field from its inception in the 1970s to today, explaining both the central tenets of the schools of thought within the field and the arguments that have been given for and against them. I describe the main trends within the field as a whole and review some of the criticisms that have been offered of prevailing views.
Kant's Aesthetics: Overview and Recent Literature
Authors: Wenzel Christian Helmut 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn 1764, Kant published hisObservations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublimeand in 1790 his influential thirdCritique, theCritique of the Power of Judgment. The latter contains two parts, the ‘Critique of the Aesthetic Power of Judgment’ and the ‘Critique of the Teleological Power of Judgment’. They reveal a new principle, namely thea prioriprinciple of purposiveness (Zweckmäßigkeit) of our power of judgment, and thereby offer newa priorigrounds for beauty and biology within the framework of Kant's transcendental philosophy. They also unite the previous twoCritiques, theCritique of Pure Reasonand theCritique of Practical Reason. Besides contributing to general and systematic aspects within his transcendental philosophy, Kant's aesthetics also offers new insights into old problems. It deals with feeling versus experience, subjectivity versus objectivity, disinterested pleasure, aesthetic universality, free and adherent beauty, thesensus communis, genius, aesthetic ideas, beauty as the symbol of morality, beauty of nature versus beauty of art, the sublime, and the supersensible. In this article I will limit myself to this critical aesthetics of Kant. But I will also discuss the ugly and the possibility of beauty in mathematics and see whether Kant's theory can successfully explain or deal with them. I will also compare his theory with philosophical ideas from a very different tradition, namely from Confucius, not only as a challenge to Kant's theory, but also because there is a growing interest from the Chinese side in combining ideas from Confucius and Kant, an interest that might well become influential in both East and West during the 21st century.
DIE REFLEKTORISCHE PUPILLENSTARRE (ARGYLL‐ROBERTSON) UND DIE PTOSIS ALS OBERFLÄCHENSYMPTOME BEI BASALEN, VORWIEGEND LUISCHEN GEHIRNKRANKHEITEN
Authors: INGVAR SVEN 
Published: May 2009

Zusammenfassung.Aus entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Gründen ist die afferente pupillomotorische Bahn auf der Oberfläche des optischen Systems im Zwischenhirn zu erwarten. Wir wissen, dass sie oberflächlich auf ihrem Wege vom lateralen Kniehöcker zum vorderen Vierhügel verläuft. Da die metaluischen Krankheiten sich im Zwischenhirn durch früh einsetzende randständige subpiale Degenerationen manifestieren, muss dabei die pupillomotorische Bahn frühzeitig lädiert werden. In der Tat lassen sich sämtliche klinischen Charakteristica der metaluischen reflektorischen Pupillenstarre von diesem Gesichtspunkt aus in natürlicher Weise erklären. Die reflektorische Lichtstarre ist dann als ein einfaches metaluisches menin‐gitisches Symptom aufzufassen. In dieser Weise erst erhält die reflektorische Pupillenstarre einen Sinn als klinisches Phänomen. Die gestörte Pupillenreaktion für Licht spiegelt Krankheitsprozesse ab, die sich in den zerebralen basalen Räumen den optischen Bahnen entlang abspielen. Sie erscheint als ein hochgradig empfindlicher Anzeiger solcher Prozesse. Ein solcher Indikator ist auch die isolierte Ptosis. In derselben Weise erhalten wir auch Verständnis für die posttraumatischen Pupillenstörungen. Da, allem Anschein nach, vorwiegend die Krankheiten, die sich destruktiv in den basalen Räumen des Gehirnstammes etablieren, Pupillenstörungen ergeben können, verstehen wir, dass die luischen und metaluischen Krankheiten ihre monopolartige Stellung unter den Ursachen des Argyll‐Robertsonphänomens bekommen haben.
EIN NEUES VERFAHREN ZUR LOKALISATION VON FREMDKÖRPERN IM AUGE. FERNRÖNTGENAUFNAHMEN MIT SICHT BARMACHUNG DER HORNHAUT
Authors: AHLBOM HUGO 
Published: May 2009

ZusammenfassungVerf. gibt eine kurze Zusammenfassung der wichtigeren, in der Literatur beschriebenen Methoden zur radiographischen Lokalisation von Fremdkörpern im Auge. Er berichtet danach über ein neues Verfahren, das sich auf die Aufnahme zweier Bilder gründet, die in zwei aufeinander senkrechten Ebenen aufgenommen werden. Das eine dieser Bilder ist ein Profilbild mit sichtbarer Kornea. Beide Bilder werden mit einem Fokus‐Platstenabstand von 2,75 m aufgenommen. Die Kornea wird auf dem Profilbilde sichtbar, dadurch dass eine keilförmige Aluminiumplatte zwischen dem Auge des Patienten und der Kasette angebracht wird. Der Patient befindet sich während der Untersuchung in sitzender Stellung, und es sind besondere Massnahmen vorgesehen, damit der Untersucher die Blickrichtung während der Exponierung kontrollieren kann. Als eine besondere Sicherheitsmassnahme wird das Prinzip des sog. physiologischen Verfahrens, der Blickwechsel, angewendet. Die Lagebestimmung wird direkt auf nassen Platten mit Hilfe von Schablonen ausgeführt, die auf einen durchsichtigen Film aufgezeichnet sind, und durch direkte Messung mit dem Zirkel. Bei dem geschilderten Verfahren braucht man keine sog. Kontaktmarken am Bulbus anzubringen.