bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemic preparedness and response capacity against infectious disease outbreaks in 186 countries
Authors: Eze Paul , Idemili Judith Chidumebi , Nwoko Friday Onwubiko , James Nigel , Lawani Lucky Osaheni 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Disruptive public health risks and events, including infectious disease outbreaks, are inevitable, but their effects can be mitigated by investing in prevention and preparedness. We assessed the epidemic preparedness and response capacity of health systems in 186 countries from 2018 to 2022.
Methods
We utilized data from the International Health Regulations (IHR) State Party Self-Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR) submissions to assess health systems’ IHR capacity to (1) prevent, (2) detect, (3) respond, (4) enabling function, and (5) operational readiness from 2018 to 2022. We categorized the IHR capacities into five levels, with level 1 denoting the lowest level of national capacity and level 5 denoting the highest.
Results
SPAR reporting marginally improved from 92.9% (182 of 196 state parties) in 2018 to 94.9% (186 of 196 state parties) in 2022, with considerable improvement in all five capacity domains over this period, especially in terms of the capacity to prevent and detect epidemic risks. Among the most recent (2022) submissions, 116 (63%) countries demonstrated functional prevention capacity (level 4 or 5), 162 (87%) had functional detection capacity, 118 (64%) had high response capacity, 121 (65%) had functional levels of resources and coordination, and 133 (71%) had the highest operational readiness against public health risks/events. Across all the indexes, the WHO African Region reported the fewest countries with functional capacity in these domains.
Conclusions
The world remains vulnerable to the persisting risk of epidemics and infectious biohazards, with wide variations among countries in their capacity to prevent, detect, and effectively respond to outbreaks. Strengthening IHR competencies through local, national, and global engagements must be urgently prioritized and funded to achieve global health security against infectious diseases.
Trend, treatment outcome and associated factors of breast cancer at TGSH and FHRH, West Amhara, Ethiopia from January 2018 to December 2022
Authors: Assefa  
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and ranks the 5th cause of death among all cancers, and most common cause of cancer death in women both developing and developed countries.
Purpose: This study assessed the trend, treatment outcomes, and associated factors of breast cancer at the TGSH and FHRH from January 1, 2018, to December 30, 2022.
Methods: An institution-based retrospective study was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 30, 2022, at TGSH and FHRH, Bahir Dar. Secondary data were collected by reviewing patients’ charts. The collected data were entered into Epi data and exported to SPSS for further analyses. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors. Variables with a P-value ≤ 0.25 in binary logistic regression analysis were candidates for multi-variable analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. AOR with 95% CI was used to measure the strength of association.
Results: Among the 132 patients, 90.2% were females. The median age and mean symptom duration were 38 years and 7.87 months respectively. Only 75.3% of patients presented with breast lumps. One patient had bilateral breast cancers. Most patients present late with a locally advanced stage. The predominant histological finding was ductal carcinoma (53.0%). NACT was administered to only 6 (4.5%) patients. During follow-up, 34.1% and 3.8% of the patients developed local wound complications and recurrences, respectively. Only one patient was referred for radiotherapy. Presenting symptoms and waiting time for surgery were significantly associated with short-term complications (AOR=0.28; 95% CI (0.09,0.93)) and (AOR=0.16; 95% CI (0.03,0.89)) respectively. In multivariable models, performing surgery within 10 days of diagnosis decreased the incidence of short-term complications.
Conclusion: Our study showed that relatively young females are commonly affected, the majority presenting with locally advanced stage of the disease.
Enhancing Computational Speed and Accuracy in Circuit Design Calculations using ANN
Authors: Mohan Keshav , Gautam Lokesh , Chaudhary Aryan , Jindal Ansh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The efficiency of Latch design and optimization plays a crucial role in shaping the overall performance of digital circuits, impacting power consumption and timing within emerging system-on-chip (SOC) archi-tectures. This paper introduces a methodology for modeling, designing, and optimizing 65nm D-Latch positive-edge-triggered Latch. Leveraging an Arti-ficial neural network (ANN)-based optimization ap-proach, an accurate model is first generated for vari-ous performance metrics using training data acquired from transistor-level models, which surpass tradi-tional methods by over 100 times in speed. Sub-sequently, these precise ANN-based models are em-ployed to optimize design objectives such as setup time, and propagation delay (Data to Output). The utilization of these swift and precise models markedly expedites the design process and yields significantly optimized outcomes. Furthermore, given the ANN’s capacity as a universal approximator capable of cap-turing any nonlinear input-output relationship, the proposed method is adaptable to optimizing circuits for diverse performance metrics, even in the absence of analytical formulas. Additionally, the automation of circuit design through the proposed method sim-plifies the tasks of circuit designers.
QbD Assisted Development of a Compartment and Sequential Drug
Delivery System for Periodontotherapy
Authors: Jain Pooja , Iqbal Zeenat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Periodontitis, the burgeoning disease, is at an alarming stage. Although this has triggered
dedicated research in this area, as the disease itself demands a multi-component therapy,
there is an unmet need for a compartment and sequential drug delivery system to ameliorate
disease symptoms completely. The hypothesized work consists of multitherapeutic agents such
as an antibiotic, a COX-II inhibitor, an MMP inhibitor, and a bone regenerating agent in an insitu
gel. However, for the development of the system, as mentioned above, a thorough investigation
at each stage is necessary; therefore, the quality-by-design approach was adopted.
Furthermore, the current work is a pursuit of studying the quality by design aspects for the fabrication
of a compartment system, i.e., in-situ gel for periodontal delivery. The proposed system
in-situ gel consists of antibiotic and nano-encapsulating microcapsules. Furthermore, the
microcapsules contain a COX-II inhibitor and nanoparticles of MMP inhibitor and bone regenerating
agent for complete amelioration of periodontitis. To develop the system as per the QbD
approach, the first initial trials and runs were conducted, which helped to decide the quality target
product profile (QTPP). However, based on QTPP, critical quality attributes (CQA), critical
process parameters (CPP), and critical material attributes (CMAs) were decided for each stage
product, i.e., in-situ gel, microcapsules, and nanoparticles. To assess the influence of CPPs and
CMAs on CQAs, Pareto charts were constructed, and various risks, along with possible failure
modes were studied. In conclusion, the above work will serve as a well-designed scientific
mouthpiece for developing a compartment system for periodontotherapy.
“Sex Cord Stromal Tumor Masquerading as Broad Ligament Fibroid in a
Postmenopausal Woman: Lessons Learned from a Case Report”
Authors: Kumar Naina , Aparna J. , Santhoshi G. , Sharma Abhimanyu 
Published: May 2024

Background::
Ovarian fibromas are sex cord-stromal tumors accounting for 4% of all ovarian
tumors. They are benign, solid ovarian tumors commonly encountered in perimenopausal and
postmenopausal women. They are usually asymptomatic or present with vague symptoms like abdominal
pain. This makes their pre-operative diagnosis difficult.

Case Report::
The present case report briefs the finding of ovarian fibroma in a 59-year-old postmenopausal
woman presenting with dull aching lower abdominal pain, misdiagnosed as broad ligament
fibroid on ultrasonography and malignant ovarian mass on MRI. She underwent exploratory laparotomy
with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Intraoperative findings
included a right-sided smooth, solid, freely mobile ovarian mass of size 4x5 cm, uterus and left ovary
were atrophic, with healthy bilateral fallopian tubes. Her histopathology report revealed ovarian fibroma
with minimal nuclear atypia.

Conclusion::
Ovarian fibromas are common benign solid ovarian tumors, that are difficult to diagnose
pre-operatively, and often confused with uterine or broad ligament fibroids due to their similar clinical
and radiological presentations. Hence, the clinician should keep ovarian fibromas as one of the
differentials in the diagnosis of solid adnexal masses mimicking broad ligament fibroids.
Development and Validation of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Quantitative
Method for Efavirenz API Quality Control
Authors: de Sousa Eduardo Gomes Rodrigues , de Souza Karina Rocha , da Silva San Gil Rosane Aguiar , Guimaraes Thiago Frances , de Castro Renata Ribeiro , Lucchetti Leonardo , de Carvalho Erika Martins 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The pharmaceutical industry is constantly looking for a better way to ensure
and improve its products' safety, quality, and effectiveness. Since there are many attributes of the
drug substance and excipients that could potentially affect the Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of
the intermediates and the final product, the evaluation of the raw material's physicochemical characteristics
is crucial as they directly affect the quality, safety, efficacy, and lot-to-lot consistency. Scientists
rely on methods, like HPLC, HPTLC, LC-MS, GC-MS, and NMR, to analyze these substances.
The advantage of NMR is that it is considered a primary analytical method compared to other
analytical techniques.

Objective:
This work aimed to present a simple, rapid, specific, and accurate method by proton Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) developed to determine the activity of the antiretroviral
Efavirenz’s (EFZ) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). The method was based on
quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR).

Methods:
A Bruker Avance spectrometer (11.7 Tesla, 500 MHz for 1H) with a 5mm probe was used.
The 1H-NMR signal at 7.54 ppm corresponding to the analyte of interest was employed to quantify
the drug. The method was validated for specificity, selectivity, intermediate precision, linearity,
range of work, accuracy, and robustness.

Results:
The method developed was specific and linear (r2 = 0.9998) with a value between 4.30
mg/mL and 12.40 mg/mL. The relative standard deviation for accuracy and precision was 0.4% or
less. The method's robustness was demonstrated by changing four different parameters, and the difference
among each was 1.2% or less. The results of this work have been found to be in agreement
with those obtained from High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis.

Conclusion:
The proposed method has been found to be a valuable and practical tool for quality
control. Its applicability to determining many APIs and saving solvent use and time is highlighted.
Influence of Equal Channel Angular Pressing Technique on Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Resistance, and Microstructural Behavior of Al-Alloy 5083
Authors: Mishra Vishwesh , Singhal Piyush 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
During severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing, aluminum alloys exhibit
moderate strength and ductility. Nevertheless, the materials' ductility, as determined by tensile
testing, does not accurately represent their capacity for plastic deformation. After the tensile test, its
material, aluminum alloy 5083, was observed to be super ductile.

Method:
The results of a more thorough plasticity analysis—applied for the first time to material
following SPD processing—are presented in this paper. The aluminum alloy 5083 is examined in
the patent both before and after equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). A highly effective aluminum
alloy 5083 specimen preparation was suggested. Under heated temperatures, the process involves
severe plastic deformation. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
were used for micro-structural research in order to look at the distribution of second-phase particles
and the evolution of grain structure. Furthermore, Vickers micro-hardness testing was utilized to assess
the mechanical characteristics of the alloy after processing. The outcomes showed that after
ECAP processing, there was a significant decrease in grain size and an increase in micro-hardness.

Result:
Additionally, the production of a finer microstructure with a more uniform distribution of
strengthening precipitates was clarified by electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-structural evolution
and mechanical behavior of aluminum alloy 5083 under ECAP are well-explained in this patent,
which may lead to improved performance in structural applications. This method can be used
to forecast fractures in plastic deformation processes and estimate the final plasticity of the materials
for various stress-strain states after ECAP processing, as well as the mechanical properties discussed.

Conclusion:
Due to its unique mechanical qualities, aluminum alloy 5083 shows great potential in a
variety of structural applications. The effects of Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) on the
hardness and microstructure of aluminum alloy 5083 were examined in this patent work.

result:
The specimen's mechanical characteristics are at their finest following a single deformation when the temperature reaches 300°C. Compared to the original specimen, the tensile strength observed enhanced after the fourth pass, and breaking elongation (28.3%) was improved. Through second-phase strengthening and fine-tuning, the recrystallized grains and second-phase particles increase the material's strength.
Review of "Marcel Gauchet and the Crisis of Democratic Politics" edited by Natalie J. Doyle and Sean McMorrow
Authors: De Brouwer Samuel 
Published: May 2024

Marcel Gauchet and the Crisis of Democratic Politics
Edited by NATALIE J. DOYLE and SEAN MCMORROW
New York: Routledge, 2022
266 Pages, US$43.99
ISBN 9780367696894
Analysing the Competing Values Framework and Organizational Culture at Lembaga Amil Zakat Infaq dan Shodaqoh Muhammadiyah (LAZISMU) Solo City, Easta Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Mardalis  , Yuniar Shanti Dwi Nugraheni  , Saleh Minhayati 
Published: May 2024

Lembaga Amil zakat, infaq and Shadaqah Muhammadiyah (LAZISMU) plays a role in the management and distribution of zakat, infaq and shodaqoh funds under the Muhammadiyah parent organization. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the organizational culture of LAZISMU Solo City by using the competitive value framework paradigm and organizational culture approach. This study used descriptive quantitative by using primary data. The data was obtained through direct distribution of OCAI questionnaires to 35 employees of LAZISMU Solo. This study used the Competing Values Framework (CVF) approach and used the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) assessment instrument. The result founf that the organizational culture that is currently developing in LAZISMU Solo was dominated by clan culture with an average score of 32 point. The current clan culture shows that LAZISMU Solo has a friendly and welcoming workplace environment like a big family. The findings of this study contribute to enriching the discourse surrounding organizational culture particularly in the context of nonprofit organizations oriented towards community service.
Practically oriented foreign language teaching as a part of management students’ professional training
Authors: Арюхина Е.Г. , Диана К. 
Published: May 2024

В статье представлен анализ результатов международного проекта, организованного на базе Череповецкого государственного университета и направленного на повышение уровня языковой подготовки студентов управленческих специальностей. В частности рассматриваются наиболее эффективные интерактивные формы обучения, которые дают возможность создать условия общения приближенные к реальным, позволяя студентам управленческих специальностей успешно овладеть необходимыми компетенциями.
The article is focused on the results of an international project aimed at enhancing university students language skills as well as their academic performance in English language class. The project was carried out at Cherepovets state university. In particular, the paper discusses the most efficient means of interactive teaching, which allow successful acquisition of required professional competencies.
KARAKTER KERJA KERAS TOKOH BU MUSLIMAH DALAM FILM LASKAR PELANGI KARYA RIRI RIZA
Authors: Budiarti Adim Tri 
Published: May 2024

Guru sebagai tenaga pendidik telah kehilangan nilai-nilai karakter kerja kerasnya. Karakter kerja keras dapat diperoleh dari sebuah karya sastra dalam Film Laskar Pelangi karya Riri Riza. Karya sastra ini terdapat tokoh dengan karakter kerja keras yang dapat dicontoh oleh guru, yaitu Bu Muslimah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan karakter kerja keras Bu Muslimah. Karakter kerja keras adalah perilaku dengan upaya sungguh-sungguh dalam mengatasi berbagai hambatan. Film adalah karya seni berbentuk media audio-visual komunikasi massa yang efektif dan mampu mempengaruhi penontonnya. Penelitian ini termasuk kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data: simak-catat, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini dari Krippendorf, terdiri diri dari: unit sampel, unit pencatatan, unit konteks, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: nilai karakter kerja keras Bu Muslimah pada film Laskar Pelangi terdiri dari: memiliki semangat dan tekad yang kuat, pantang menyerah dan berani mencoba. Saran dalam film Laskar Pelangi yaitu hendaknya film Laskar Pelangi diberi terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris supaya semua khalayak dapat memahami komunikasi dalam film dengan baik. Karena film Laskar Pelangi menggunakan Bahasa Melayu (Bahasa Daerah) yang tidak semua orang mengetahuinya.
HUBUNGAN PERHATIAN ORANG TUA DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SDN 3 NALUMSARI
Authors: Sofiyan Dampit Adi , Sarie Fitria Novita 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perhatian orang tua dengan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SDN 3 Nalumsari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis korelasi.Sumber data berjumlah sebanyak 27 orang siswa diambil menggunakan angket perhatian orang tua dan dokumentasi hasil belajar siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah pearson product moment. Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara perhatian orang tua dengan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SDN 3 Nalumsari. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,838 dari rtabel sebesar 0,381 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,05 atau 5%. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara perhatia orang tua dengan hasil belajar siswa.
PERAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA SD NEGERI GERITAN PATI
Authors: Ismy Geger Irvan 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa SDN Geritan Pati dan apa solusi yang harus dilakukan oleh orang tua agar siswa termotivasi dalam belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kualitatif dengan mengambil subjek orang tua siswa, siswa, dan guru sebagai subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara dan dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan orang tua yang anaknya berprestasi menggunakan pola asuh yang bersifat demokratis cenderung mampu meluangkan waktunya untuk anak memberikan hadiah serta perhatian kepada anaknya untuk lebih meningkatkan motivasi anak. Sedangkan orang tua yang anaknya kurang berprestasi menggunakan pola asuh yang bersifat permisif cenderung kurang mampu meluangkan waktunya untuk anak, tetapi tetap memberikan nasehat kepada anak sebagai bentuk upaya meningkatkan motivasi belajar anak.
Authenticity and Dependability of The Volleyball Serve Precision Examination
Authors: Hoa Nguyen Van , Tram Nguyen Quoc , Cau Chau Hoang , Tri Nguyen Huu 
Published: May 2024

Background: Assessing the precision of a volleyball overhead serve is essential for understanding players' skill levels and development. Existing methods may lack consistency and perceptiveness, warranting further investigation into a more reliable assessment tool. Objectives: This study aimed to scrutinize the substance, facade, perceptiveness, and consistency of a volleyball overhead serve for precision assessment. Specifically, it sought to evaluate the validity and reliability of the assessment tool across different skill levels, ranging from novice to experienced players.

Method: To achieve these objectives, a multi-faceted approach was employed. Fifty-five volleyball mentors, instructors, and athletes participated in the facade validity examination, while six academic experts assessed the substance validity. Additionally, thirty-eight university students, comprising both seasoned and inexperienced players, were involved to gauge the test's capability to differentiate between performance tiers. Perceptiveness was evaluated by comparing disparities in service precision across skill levels using the t-test for independent samples. A hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted using the Euclidean quadratic distance metric and the among-groups linkage method. Furthermore, the consistency of repeated testing was analyzed using standard error and intraclass correlation coefficients.

Result: The study yielded promising results regarding the validity, reliability, and perceptiveness of the volleyball overhead serve precision assessment. Facade validity demonstrated high agreement among participants, with consensus ranging from 81% to 88%. The test's substance validity and reliability were strong, as shown by good results in the evaluations by academic experts and high intraclass correlation coefficients for repeated testing (ICC = 0.85 for experienced participants and ICC = 0.82 for novices). Significant differences in performance were observed between experienced and novice players, further affirming the tool's ability to differentiate skill levels effectively.

Conclusion: The volleyball serves precision assessment emerged as a reliable and valid tool for evaluating players' performance across different skill levels. Its ability to discern skill nuances and provide consistent results makes it suitable for educational contexts, particularly in assessing novice players' development and guiding instructional strategies. This study emphasizes the importance of rigorous assessment methods in improving volleyball skills comprehension and advancement.