bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood craniopharyngioma: greater hypothalamic involvement before surgery is associated with higher homeostasis model insulin resistance index
Authors: Trivin Christine , Busiah Kanetee , Mahlaoui Nizar , Recasens Christophe , Souberbielle Jean-Claude , Zerah Michel , Sainte-Rose Christian , Brauner Raja 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Obesity seems to be linked to the hypothalamic involvement in craniopharyngioma. We evaluated the pre-surgery relationship between the degree of this involvement on magnetic resonance imaging and insulin resistance, as evaluated by the homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA). As insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) and ghrelin may also be involved, we compared their plasma concentrations and their link to weight change.

Methods
27 children with craniopharyngioma were classified as either grade 0 (n = 7, no hypothalamic involvement), grade 1 (n = 8, compression without involvement), or grade 2 (n = 12, severe involvement).

Results
Despite having similar body mass indexes (BMI), the grade 2 patients had higher glucose, insulin and HOMA before surgery than the grade 0 (P = 0.02, <0.05 and 0.02 respectively) and 1 patients (P < 0.02 and <0.03 for both insulin and HOMA). The grade 0 (5.8 ± 4.9) and 1 (7.2 ± 5.3) patients gained significantly less weight (kg) during the year after surgery than did the grade 2 (16.3 ± 7.4) patients. The pre-surgery HOMA was positively correlated with these weight changes (P < 0.03).
The data for the whole population before and 6–18 months after surgery showed increases in BMI (P < 0.0001), insulin (P < 0.005), and leptin (P = 0.0005), and decreases in sOB-R (P < 0.04) and ghrelin (P < 0.03).

Conclusion
The hypothalamic involvement by the craniopharyngioma before surgery seems to determine the degree of insulin resistance, regardless of the BMI. The pre-surgery HOMA values were correlated with the post-surgery weight gain. This suggests that obesity should be prevented by reducing inn secretion in those cases with hypothalamic involvement.
PhiC31 integrase induces a DNA damage response and chromosomal rearrangements in human adult fibroblasts
Authors: Liu Jian , Skjørringe Tina , Gjetting Torben , Jensen Thomas G 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
PhiC31 integrase facilitates efficient integration of transgenes into human and mouse genomes and is considered for clinical gene therapy. However recent studies have shown that the enzyme can induce various chromosomal abnormalities in primary human embryonic cells and mammalian cell lines. The mechanisms involved are unknown, but it has been proposed that PhiC31 attachment sites in the host genome recombine leading to chromosomal translocations.

Results
We have studied possible effects of the PhiC31 integrase expression in human adult fibroblasts by karyotyping. All control cells were cytogenetically normal, whereas cells expressing PhiC31 integrase show chromosomal abnormalities confirming our previous results using primary embryonic fibroblasts. In order to study the early mechanisms involved we measured H2AX phosphorylation – a primary event in the response to DNA double-strand-breaks. Transient transfection with PhiC31 integrase encoding plasmids lead to an elevated number of cells positive for H2AX phosphorylation detected by immunofluorescence. Western blot analysis confirmed the upregulated H2AX phosphorylation, whereas markers for apoptosis as well as p53 and p21 were not induced. Cells transfected with plasmids encoding the Sleeping Beauty transposase remained cytogenetically normal, and in these cells less upregulation of H2AX phosphorylation could be detected.

Conclusion
In primary human fibroblasts expression of PhiC31 integrase leads to a DNA damage response and chromosomal aberrations.
Socio-economic factors associated with delivery assisted by traditional birth attendants in Iraq, 2000
Authors: Siziya Seter , Muula Adamson S , Rudatsikira Emmanuel 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) are likely to deliver lower quality maternity care compared to professional health workers. It is important to characterize women who are assisted by TBAs in order to design interventions specific to such groups. We thus conducted a study to assess if socio-economic status and demographic factors are associated with having childbirth supervised by traditional birth attendants in Iraq.

Methods
Iraqi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data for 2000 were used. We estimated frequencies and proportions of having been delivered by a traditional birth attendant and other social characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between having been delivered by a TBA and wealth, area of residence (urban versus rural), parity, maternal education and age.

Results
Altogether 22,980 women participated in the survey, and of these women, 2873 had delivery information and whether they were assisted by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) or not during delivery. About 1 in 5 women (26.9%) had been assisted by TBAs. Compared to women of age 35 years or more, women of age 25–34 years were 22% (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI [1.08, 1.39]) more likely to be assisted by TBAs during delivery. Women who had no formal education were 42% (AOR = 1.42, 95%CI [1.22, 1.65]) more likely to be delivered by TBAs compared to those who had attained secondary or higher level of education. Women in the poorest wealth quintile were 2.52 (AOR = 2.52, 95%CI [2.14, 2.98]) more likely to be delivered by TBAs compared to those in the richest quintile. Compared to women who had 7 or more children, those who had 1 or 2 were 28% (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI [0.59, 0.87]) less likely to be delivered by TBAs.

Conclusion
Findings from this study indicate that having delivery supervised by traditional birth attendants was associated with young maternal age, low education, and being poor. Meanwhile women having 1 or 2 children were less likely to be delivered by TBAs. These factors should be considered in the design of interventions to reduce the rate of deliveries assisted by TBAs in favour of professional midwives, and consequently reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates and other adverse events.
Increased expression levels of the pvcrt-o and pvmdr1 genes in a patient with severe Plasmodium vivax malaria
Authors: Fernández-Becerra Carmen , Pinazo Maria Jesús , González Ana , Alonso Pedro L , del Portillo Hernando A , Gascón Joaquim 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
There are increasing reports of severe clinical cases exclusively associated with Plasmodium vivax infections. Notably, this severity has been recently suggested to be associated with chloroquine resistance.

Patients
Two different patients presented at the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona with P. vivax malaria episodes. One patient had severe symptoms and the other mild symptoms. Both patients traveled through the Brazilian Amazon (Manaus) in 2007. For both patients the current diagnosis of malaria was the first. Two other patients with mild symptoms presented to the "Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical", also in the Brazilian Amazon (Rondônia) in 2000.

Methods
To exclude the possibility that the patient's severe symptoms were due to Plasmodium falciparum, a nested PCR was performed. A magnetic method was used to purify P. vivax free of human leukocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to compare the transcript levels of two main transporters likely to be involved in chloroquine resistance in P. vivax, namely the P. vivax chloroquine resistance transporter, pvcrt-o, and the P. vivax multidrug resistance transporter, pvmdr 1.

Results
Results demonstrated that the severe clinical symptoms were exclusively due to P. vivax. The patient presented acute respiratory conditions requiring admission to the intensive care unit. The magnetic method showed highly purified infected-reticulocytes with mature stages. In addition, it was found that parasites obtained from the severe patient had up to 2.9-fold increase in pvmdr1 levels and up to 21.9-fold increase in pvcrt-o levels compared to expression levels of parasites from the other patients with mild symptoms.

Conclusion
This is the first clinical case of severe disease exclusively associated with vivax malaria in Spain. Moreover, these findings suggest that clinical severity could be associated with increased expression levels of parasite genes likely involved in chloroquine resistance. It is necessary to further explore the potential of pvmdr1 and particularly pvcrt-o expression levels as molecular markers of severe disease in P. vivax.
Language Change and Areal Linguistics: Notes on Western Piedmont
Authors: Cerruti Massimo , Regis Riccardo 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a small selection of linguistic facts that describe currents and contrasts in the Cisalpine Valleys, relying on some ALEPO [Atlante Linguistico ed Etnografico del Piemonte Occidentale – Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Western Piedmont] data.
The area investigated is characterized by a close relationship between different languages and cultures. As it is well known, the Gallo-Italic languages of Piedmont are spoken along with local dialects of two Gallo-Romance languages, Occitan and Franco-Provençal; Italian (and, in some areas, French) obviously has to be added to this rich linguistic repertoire. Data have been collected in 42 localities: 32 pertaining to the Gallo-Romance domain (13 Franco-Provençal- and 19 Occitan-speaking); and 10 belonging to the Gallo-Italic one. The localities in question have been chosen ta take account of both social and linguistic dynamics.
Socio-cultural and economic changes that deeply affected the Alpine Valleys in the last century have also had linguistic consequences, with increasing Italian and Piedmontese influence on varieties of Gallo-Romance, and of Italian on Piedmontese; nevertheless, some instances of mutual influencing between Occitan and Franco-Provençal are also documented, as well as significant reactions on the part of these varieties to dominant codes (namely Piedmontese, Italian, and French).
We deal here with language change at three levels of linguistic analysis (lexical, morphological, and phonetic), showing moreover how a traditional reading of the maps may also yield results of sociolinguistic import.
Studying of the Dynamic Behavior of Water in a Vibrating Tank
Authors: Zhou Yanguo , Zhou Liyun 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Water oscillation will arise when the base of a water-storage tank is bearing a horizontal harmonic load. This type of water oscillation has its natural frequencies and modes, which are similar to those of structure vibration. In this paper, the wave-height of the water surface is analyzed and calculated by virtue of the theory of solid mechanics, which shows that the calculated result is essentially the same as that in test data. When subjected to a horizontal impacted load on the base of the water-storage tank, hydrodynamic actions will arise. In the test, the distribution of hydrodynamic pressure along the depth of water is measured, from which the experimental equation is derived by means of a curve-fitting method. Test results indicate that the hydrodynamic pressure under impacted loading is less than that under seismic loading. The conclusion can be the basis for the design of water-storage tanks as illustrated in this paper.
Nowcasting of rainfall and of combined sewage flow in urban drainage systems
Authors: Achleitner Stefan , Fach Stefan , Einfalt Thomas , Rauch Wolfgang 
Published: April 2009

Nowcasting of rainfall may be used additionally to online rain measurements to optimize the operation of urban drainage systems. Uncertainties quoted for the rain volume are in the range of 5% to 10% mean square error (MSE), where for rain intensities 45% to 75% MSE are noted. For larger forecast periods up to 3 hours, the uncertainties will increase up to some hundred percents. Combined with the growing number of real time control concepts in sewer systems, rainfall forecast is used more and more in urban drainage systems. Therefore it is of interest how the uncertainties influence the final evaluation of a defined objective function. Uncertainty levels associated with the forecast itself are not necessarily transferable to resulting uncertainties in the catchment's flow dynamics. The aim of this paper is to analyse forecasts of rainfall and specific sewer output variables. For this study the combined sewer system of the city of Linz in the northern part of Austria located on the Danube has been selected. The city itself represents a total area of 96 km2 with 39 municipalities connected.
It was found that the available weather radar data leads to large deviations in the forecast for precipitation at forecast horizons larger than 90 minutes. The same is true for sewer variables such a CSO overflow for small sub-catchments. Although the results improve for larger spatial scales, acceptable levels at forecast horizons larger than 90 minutes are not reached.
Structures and Properties of Nonchelated, d0 Alkyl Alkene Complexes of the Type [Cp2ZrMe(alkene)]+: Elusive Intermediates during Ziegler–Natta Polymerizations of Alkenes
Authors: Sauriol Francoise , Wong Elizabeth , Leung Angela M. H. , Donaghue Irja Elliott , Baird Michael C. , Wondimagegn Tebikie , Ziegler Tom 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCaught in the act: An alkyl alkene ZrIV complex (see picture; Cp=C5H5) has been synthesized and characterized for the first time. The alkene bonding mode is highly asymmetric, and C2 is quite carbocationic. There is also evidence for rotation about the C1C2 bond. This extremely unusual complex provides an exemplar of previously unknown intermediates in Ziegler–Natta and carbocationic polymerization reactions of alkenes.magnified image
Self‐organization of amphiphilic poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] carrying tocopheryl moieties as terminal groups
Authors: Tanigawa Nobuyuki , Shiraishi Kohei , Abe Tadashi , Sugiyama Kazuo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPoly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine](PMPC) with one pendant tocopheryl moiety at the polymer terminus (PMPC‐Toco) was prepared by the radical polymerization of 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) initiated with 4,4′‐azobis[(3‐tocopheryl)‐4‐cyanopentanoate] in the presence of 2‐mercaptoethanol as a chain transfer reagent. The self‐organization of PMPC‐Toco was analyzed with fluorescence and 1H‐NMR measurements. The critical micelle concentrations of PMPC‐Toco with [η] = 0.25, 0.13, 0.10, and 0.05 dL g−1 were found to be 200, 100, 100, and 90 mg L−1, respectively. The blood compatibility of PMPC‐Toco was evaluated from the Michaelis constant (Km) for the enzymatic reaction of thrombin and a synthetic substrate, S‐2238, in the presence of PMPC‐Toco. The Km values were 0.21, 0.23, 0.36, and 0.21 for PMPC‐Toco‐1, 2, 3, and PMPC ([η] = 0.56 dL g−1), respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A novel route of synthesis, characterization of terephthalic dihydrazide from polyethylene terephthalate waste and it's application in PVC compounding as plasticizer
Authors: Soni R. K. , Dutt Krishna , Jain Anuj , Soam Shweta , Singh Swati 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste by making use of hydrazine monohydrate was investigated at ambient temperature and pressure. The aminolysed end products obtained were characterized with chemical tests and spectroscopic techniques namely IR, UV‐visible spectroscopy and NMR, and the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The end product was characterized as terephthalic dihydrazide (TPD) and further used in PVC compounding as secondary plasticizer. The hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal stability, and compatibility of the PVC sheet were studied and concluded that the aminolysed product may find potential application as secondary plasticizer in PVC formulations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Pyrazine Arotinoids with Inverse Agonist Activities on the Retinoid and Rexinoid Receptors
Authors: García José , Khanwalkar Harshal , Pereira Raquel , Erb Cathie , Voegel Johannes J. , Collette Pascal , Mauvais Pascale , Bourguet William , Gronemeyer Hinrich , de Lera Ángel R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRAR and RXR agonists: A collection of pyrazine‐based RAR/RXR ligands were prepared by a series of palladium catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions and characterized. Structure–activity relationships were elucidated. Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α/β‐subtype‐selective and retinoid X receptor (RXR) inverse agonist activities are described for pyrazine acrylic acid arotinoid, 14 d.magnified imageHeterocyclic arotinoids derived from central‐region dihalogenated pyrazine scaffolds have been synthesized by consecutive halogen and/or position‐selective palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. Pyrazines were further functionalized as alkyl ethers or methylamines prior to the last Pd‐catalyzed reactions. Transient transactivation studies with the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α, β, and γ subtypes and with retinoid X receptor (RXR) α revealed distinct agonist, antagonist, and inverse agonist activities for these compounds. Of interest are the RARα,β‐selective inverse agonists with pyrazine acrylic acid structures, in particular 14 c, which is RARβ‐selective, and 14 d, a pan‐RAR/RXR inverse agonist with more affinity for the RAR subtypes that enhance the interaction of RAR with cognate corepressors.
Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Three Tolualdehyde Isomers by Artificial Neural Networks and Its Comparison with Partial Least Squares
Authors: FANG Huiwen , LI Hui , LI Yanwei , ZHAO Jing , XU Jian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe simultaneous determination of tolualdehyde isomer mixtures by using a spectrophotometric method is a difficult problem in analytical chemistry, due to spectral interference. By multivariate calibration methods, such as partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural network (ANN), it is possible to obtain a model adjusted to the concentration values of the mixtures used in the calibration range. The ANN calibration model of simultaneous determination of tolualdehyde isomers was based on absorption spectra in the 230–304 nm range for 48 different mixtures of tolualdehyde isomers, and the concentration ranges for o‐tolualdehyde, m‐tolualdehyde and p‐tolualdehyde were 6.0–15.0, 7.0–16.0 and 8.0–19.0 µg·mL−1, respectively. Other 7 samples were applied to testing the predictive ability of the calibration model. The effect of the three isomers with different concentration ratios in their mixtures on the accuracy of determination results was discussed and the appropriate range of concentration ratio was found. The proposed method was applied to simultaneous determination of the three isomers in synthetic samples and the recoveries were between 84.00% and 109.60%. The results of determination were compared with the PLS model without significant difference at 0.05 level for o‐tolualdehyde and m‐tolualdehyde by paired t‐test. But a better performance for p‐tolualdehyde in their mixtures could be obtained by the ANN calibration model.
Synthese de C‐nucleosides. VII β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐2 et ‐8 adenines
Authors: Huynh‐Dinh Tam , Kolb Annie , Gouyette Catherine , Igolen Jean 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLes cyclisations du chlorhydrate de benzyl (O‐benzoyl‐5 D‐ribofuranosyl)thioformimidate IV avee l'aminomalonitrile on l'amino‐5 cyano‐4 imidazole donnent, après enlèvement du groupement protecteur, les C‐nucléosides analogues III et II de l'adénosine. La configuration β est établie d'après les méthodes spectroscopiques (RMN, DC).
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part DXCVII. A synthesis of dienone analogs by electrolytic oxidation
Authors: Kametani Tetsuji , Shishido Kozo , Takano Seiichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractElectrolytic coupling reaction of laudanosine (1) gave the O‐methylflavinantine (II). N‐Ethoxycarbonylated dihydrostilbene (IVa) gave a rearranged dienone (Va) and N‐trifluoro‐acetylated dihydrostilbene (IVb) contrastively gave an unrearranged dienone (Vb).
Selenium heterocycles. XV. Reaction of 2‐aminoselenazoles and 2‐amino‐1,3,4‐selenadiazoles with acetylenic compounds
Authors: Shafiee A. , Lalezari I. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract2‐Aminoselenazoles with ethyl propiolate or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate gave 7H‐selenazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐ones. 2‐Amino‐1,3,4‐selenadiazoles with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate gave 7H‐1,3,4‐selenadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐ones; with ethyl propiolate the reaction took an unusual path and 2‐carbethoxy‐5H‐selenazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐one was isolated. The assignment of the structures were supported by spectra analysis.
Pyrazolo[3,4‐e] [1,4] thiazepines: Synthesis and structure proof
Authors: Swett Leo R. , Ratajczyk James D. , Nordeen Carl W. , Aynilian George H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPyrazolo[3,4‐e][1,4]thiazepine derivatives were obtained by reacting 5‐amino‐1,3‐dimethylpyrazole with arylaldehydes or ketones and mercaptoacetic acid. The structure proof of these derivatives was carried out by identifying the benzylpyrazole products obtained by desulfurization and subsequent hydrolysis, and by comparison of the spectral data of a series of analogous pyrazolothiazepines. Treating the pyrazolothiazepines with sodium hydride and methyl iodide in dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide resulted in a ring contraction with the elimination of sulfur, to yield the pyrazolopyridones in addition to the N‐methylpyrazolothiazepines.
Diazo‐, azo‐ et azidoazoles. III. Tautoméric azido/tétrazole dans des nouveaux azidoazoles
Authors: Granados Ricardo , Rull Montse , Vilarrasa Jaume 
Published: April 2009

AbstractQuelques dérivés de l'azido‐2 imidazole et de l'azido‐3(5) triazole‐1,2,4 ont été préparés dans le but d'étudier le possible équilibre azido/tétrazole. Les fonctions thermodynamiques correspondantes à l'équilibre aeétyl‐1 azido‐2 imidazole/acétylimidazo[1,2‐d]tétrazole ont été determinées. On propose une explication du fait que la forme azide est toujours prédominante dans la série des azoles et, par contre. dans les azines et thiazoles c'est la forme tétrazole qui est plus souvent prépondérante.
Novel heterotricyclic systems: 2,6‐dioxa‐ and 2‐oxa‐6‐thia‐10‐azatricyclo‐[5.2.1.04,10] deeanes; 2,6‐dioxa‐11‐azatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11] undecane; and 9,13‐dioxa‐14‐azatetracyclo[6.5.1.02,7.011,14]tetradeca‐2,4,6‐triene
Authors: Broadbent H. Smith , Burnham Weldon S. , Sheeley Richard M. , Olsen Richard K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe acid‐catalyzed condensation of 2‐amino‐1,3‐propanediols and 1,4‐diketones under water‐azeotroping conditions has led to the first synthesis of the new tent‐like, essentially strain‐free heterotricyclic system, 2,6‐dioxa‐10‐azatricyclo[5.2.1.04,10]decane. Over thirty new compounds containing this system are reported. In cases where the aminodiol is unsubstituted or bears a phenyl substituent a mixture of the tricycle and the isomeric pyrrole resulted. These observations indicate alternative pathways in the Knorr‐Paal condensation which lead to one, or the other, or both of these products. A scheme postulating common intermediates is presented. Examples of three additional, related, novel heteropolycyclic systems synthesized in analogous fashion are also reported.
Etude du mécanisme de la réaction de hantzsch des thiazoles. II. premiére étape: Action des cétones‐α halogénées sur les thioamides
Authors: Babadjamian A. , Gallo R. , Metzger J. , Chanon M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractL'éturle du mécanisme de la réaction d'hétérocyclisation de Hantzsch est abordée. Le comportement des cétones‐α lialogénées est un exemple de réactivité ambidente. Nous montrons, à l'aide de mesures cinétiques et de données de la littérature, que l'intéraction des cétones‐α halogénées avec les thioamides, débute par la substitution directe de l'atome d'halogéne par l'atome de soufre.