bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High Efficiency Electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cell
Authors: Ahmed Shafaat , Reuter Kathleen B. , Gunawan Oki , Guo Lian , Romankiw Lubomyr T. , Deligianni Hariklia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHigh‐performance Cu2ZnSnS4 photovoltaic devices are demonstrated using electrodeposition of metal stacks and annealing of a CuZnSn precursor in a sulfur atmosphere. A champion electroplated Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency of 7.3%, which is a record efficiency for electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnS4 solar devices. The device performance points to electrodeposition and annealing as a low‐cost and viable approach to earth‐abundant solar cell fabrication.
Tunnel excavation triggering pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Kawano‐Dourado L.B. , Carvalho C.R.R. , Santos U.P. , Canzian M. , Coletta E.N.A. , Pereira C.A.C. , Kairalla R.A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractContextA definite cause of sarcoidosis has not been identified, however past research suggests that environmental factors may be triggers of the granulomatous response in genetically susceptible individuals.Case PresentationA 22‐year‐old male non‐smoker, presented with progressive exertional dyspnea and cough of 3 months duration. One year before, when he started working in tunnel excavation, he had a normal chest radiograph. Chest imaging revealed bilateral nodules and masses of peribronchovascular distribution plus mediastinal lymphadenomegaly. Histologic lymph node analysis revealed non‐caseating confluent granulomas. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and advised to change jobs. Complete remission of the disease was achieved and persisted for at least one year without steroid treatment.DiscussionSarcoidosis is believed to have environmental triggers. The timing of the onset of sarcoidosis in this patient following intensive exposure to tunnel dust suggests an environmental contribution. The recognition that sarcoidosis may have occupational triggers have medical, employment, and legal implications. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:390–394, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optochemical Genetics
Authors: Fehrentz Timm , Schönberger Matthias , Trauner Dirk 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTransmembrane receptors allow a cell to communicate with its environment in response to a variety of input signals. These can be changes in the concentration of ligands (e.g. hormones or neurotransmitters), temperature, pressure (e.g. acoustic waves or touch), transmembrane potential, or light intensity. Many important receptors have now been characterized in atomic detail and our understanding of their functional properties has markedly increased in recent years. As a consequence, these sophisticated molecular machines can be reprogrammed to respond to unnatural input signals. In this Review, we show how voltage‐gated and ligand‐gated ion channels can be endowed with synthetic photoswitches, and how the resulting artificial photoreceptors can be used to optically control neurons with exceptional temporal and spatial precision. They work well in animals and might find applications in the restoration of vision and the optical control of other sensations. The combination of synthetic photoswitches and receptor proteins contributes to the field of optogenetics and adds a new functional dimension to chemical genetics. As such, we propose to call it “optochemical genetics”.
Optimization on the performance of crude distillation unit (CDU)
Authors: Handogo Renanto 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to get the optimum operating condition of crude distillation unit in order to get the highest profit for the crude oil refinery industry. Feed's specification data are taken from an Indonesian crude oil refinery. Simulation was done by using Aspen Plus (Aspen Technology, Inc, Burlington, MA, USA). The design variable for this research is the temperature of preflash column furnace. Optimization was done by considering the maximum profit. Based on the result in part one, where intermediate and light cold test molar flowrates and the quality of heavy naphtha in the 95% liquid volume ASTM D86 at 415 K and light kerosene distillate in the 95% liquid volume ASTM D86 at 469 K are held constant, the optimum condition is found at the furnace preflash temperature of 572 K with a profit of US$ 9.62 per m3 crude oil. While in part two, where heavy naphtha and light kerosene distillate molar flowrates and the quality of intermediate in the 95% liquid volume ASTM D86 at 443 K and light cold test in the 95% liquid volume ASTM D86 at 605 K are held constant, the optimum condition is found at the furnace preflash temperature of 533 K with a profit of US$ 7.74 per m3 crude oil. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative synthesis and physicochemical characterization of CeO2 nanopowder via redox reaction, precipitation and sol–gel methods used for total oxidation of toluene
Authors: Abbasi Zahra , Haghighi Mohammad , Fatehifar Esmaeil , Rahemi Nader 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTNanostructured CeO2 was successfully prepared using three different methods of redox reaction, precipitation and sol–gel methods. Their catalytic activities were studied toward total catalytic oxidation of toluene. The nanostructured CeO2 physicochemical properties were assessed by XRD, FESEM, BET, TPR‐H2, TPD‐CO2 and FTIR analyses. The XRD patterns showed that the synthesized catalysts had small crystalite size between 8.7 and 15.8 nm. The FESEM images reflected that the synthesized samples had nanoparticles less than 100 nm. BET analysis revealed that the synthesized CeO2 had large surface area in the order of redox reaction > precipitation > sol–gel. TPR patterns indicated that nano CeO2 had high reducibility. TPD‐CO2 showed the presence of weak and medium basic sites. Among synthesized samples, cerium oxide prepared from redox reaction was the most active in total oxidation of toluene. This feature was due to the smallest particle size, largest BET surface area and high reducibility of the nanocatalyst.The synthesized nano CeO2 had high activity and stability, which presents it as a suitable catalyst in catalytic applications. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Evaluation, and Gelation Mechanism of Organic Chromium
Authors: Liu Jinxiang , Lu Xingguo , Sui Shilei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSince the launching of tertiary oil recovery, the performance requirements of polymer solution increasing, the polymer solution is more difficult to meet the needs of the scene. It could solve poor profile control, salt‐tolerant, and poor performance that crosslinking agent was added to polymer solution. Therefore, chromium acetate crosslinker was synthesized, and the synthesis conditions were optimized, and the performance of crosslinking agent was evaluated. Through optimization, the optimum conditions of chromium acetate synthesis was: reaction time 10 h, reaction temperature 80°C, the molar ratio of acetic acid and potassium dichromate than or equal to 24 : 1. Performance evaluation showed that adding crosslinking agent could significantly increase the viscosity of the polymer solution, could significantly improve the resistance coefficient and residual resistance of the polymer solution, and could play a good role profile flooding. Studies showed that when salinity and ion content changed, the crosslinking mechanism of changed. Through the study of molecule coil size at room temperature, the molecule coil size would slightly decline after 1 h, suggesting that crosslinking mechanism was intramolecular crosslinking reaction occurs at first, and then intermolecular crosslinking reaction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effects of the incorporation of saturated fatty acids on the mechanical and barrier properties of biodegradable films
Authors: Nobrega Marcelo Medre , Olivato Juliana Bonametti , Grossmann Maria Victoria Eiras , Bona Evandro , Yamashita Fabio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe effects of saturated fatty acids at a concentration of 1.5% on the mechanical and barrier properties of starch‐based films were evaluated in films prepared with two concentrations of glycerol, 20 and 25%. The water vapor permeability (WVP) was determined at three ranges of relative humidity, RH, (0–33, 33–64 and 64–97%). In all cases, an increase in WVP values was observed with increasing RH. SEM images showed a more homogeneous and compact structure in the films with caproic and lauric acids. The films with fatty acids showed higher elongation and maximum stress, and they had Young's modulus values close to those of the control; thus, the addition of fatty acids did not impair the mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Random copolymers based on trimethylene carbonate and ε‐caprolactone for implant applications: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Yang Li‐Qun , Yang Dan , Guan Yan‐Min , Li Jian‐Xin , Li Miao 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRandom copolymers of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and ε‐caprolactone (CL) have been synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of TMC and CL in the presence of stannous octoate. The effects of feeding dose, reaction temperature and polymerization time, and effect of catalyst content on the copolymerization were investigated. The results showed that the composition of the copolymers was in good agreement with the feeding dose, and the molecular weight of the copolymers decreased firstly with increasing CL content and then increased. The decrease in the reaction temperature, polymerization time and catalyst content would increase the molecular weight of the copolymers. Furthermore, the feeding dose affected the thermal and mechanical properties of the copolymer largely, and the possessing different properties of random copolymers could be obtained by adjusting the copolymer compositions. This work could optimize the polymerization conditions to achieve the copolymers with controlled properties for implant applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
In Situ synthesis of multiblock copolymers of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) with different poly(ether diols) based polyurethane by reactive extrusion
Authors: Weng Shengguang , Xia Zhean , Chen Jianding , Gong Luanluan , Xu Ruijun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPolyurethanes with multiblock copolymers of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol (PTMG) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a soft segment were synthesized in situ via reactive extrusion from ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The titanium alkoxide mixture generated from an ester‐exchange reaction between titanium propoxide [Ti(OPr)4], and excessive PTMG or PEG was used as an initiator and catalyst. Compared to the reported fabrication of polycaprolactone‐based polyurethane (PCLU), the in situ reactive extrusion preparation not only explored a new rapid route for the fabrication of PCLU but also offered a simplified, controllable approach for the production of PCLU in a successive mass scale. A series of PTMG–PCLUs and PEG–PCLUs with different PCL block‐average degrees of polymerization (DPn's) were prepared by only an adjustment of the relative concentration of CL in the reaction system, with a certain constant molar ratio of MDI to titanium alkoxide. 1H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that all of the CL monomers were converted in the polymerization, and the molecular weight of the copolymers was about 8 × 104 g/mol with a polydispersity index of approximate 2.4. With an increase in the PCL block‐average DPn in PTMG–PCLU from 25 to 40, the tensile strength increased from 16.5 to 22.7 MPa, and the melting point increased from 46.1 to 49.5°C. It was also verified by PEG–PCLU prepared with organic Ti of lowered content in the initiator mixture that the mechanical properties could be greatly affected and dropped with decreasing content of organic Ti in the initiator mixture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Biopolymers as effective fillers in natural rubber: Composites versus biocomposites
Authors: Valodkar Mayur , Thakore Sonal Ishit 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBiocomposites of natural rubber (NR) blends were prepared with a variety of fillers obtained from renewable resources by a mastication technique. They were characterized for their mechanical properties and morphologies and compared with composites of the conventional filler carbon black (c‐black). The biopolymers exhibited an interesting trend and imparted strength to NR that was quite comparable to c‐black. Up to 30 phr of the fillers could be successfully incorporated; this led to enhancements in the mechanical strength. The properties were found to vary with the type and ratio of filler, namely, starch, cellulose, and chitin. The optimum mechanical strength of the biocomposites was observed at 10 phr. The results were interpreted on the basis of the morphology by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed strong filler–polymer interactions. The moisture‐uptake characteristics of the composites were studied. It was found that addition of biofillers did not lead to a significant increase in the moisture absorption. Furthermore, as the adhesion between the polymer matrix and fillers increased, the water uptake decreased. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
HPLC‐MS/MS method to determine genipin in rat plasma after hydrolysis with sulfatase and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Ding Yue , Zhang Tong , Tao Jian‐Sheng , Tan Bo , Guo Chun‐Rong , Yang Li 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of genipin in rat plasma after hydrolysis with sulfatase. Genipin could not be detected directly as it could be transformed into other forms such as conjugated‐genipin immediately after administration. The conjugated genipin could be hydrolyzed by sulfatase to genipin. The conditions of hydrolysis were investigated. Genipin and the internal standard, peoniflorin (IS), were separated on a reversed‐phase column by gradient elution and detected using an electrospray ion source on a 4000 QTrap triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer. The quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring with selected precursor‐product ion pairs of the transitions m/z 225.0 → 122.7 and m/z 479.1 → 449.1 for genipin and peoniflorin. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 1.368–1368 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients of 0.9989. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions and accuracy were all within 15%. The lower limit of quantification was 1.368 ng/mL. The recoveries of genipin and peoniflorin were more than 53.3 and 51.2%. The highly sensitive method was successfully applied to estimated pharmacokinetic parameters of genipin following oral and intravenous administration to rats. The absolute bioavailability of genipin was 80.2% in rat, which is the first report. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mechanism of Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation on IB Group Metals and Metal Oxides
Authors: Wei Zi‐Zhang , Li Dui‐Chun , Pang Xian‐Yong , Lv Cun‐Qin , Wang Gui‐Chang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCO oxidation on the IB group metals [Cu(111), Ag(111), and Au(111)] and corresponding metal oxides [Cu2O(100), Ag2O(100), and Au2O(100)] has been studied by means of density functional theory calculations with the aim to shed light on the reaction mechanism and catalytic activity of metals and metal oxides. The calculated results show that 1) the molecular oxygen mechanism is favored on Ag(111) and Au(111), but the atomic oxygen mechanism is favored on Cu(111); 2) the metal‐terminated metal oxide shows very low activity for CO oxidation; 3) the lattice oxygen can react either with gas phase CO or the absorbed CO molecule on oxygen‐terminated metal oxides; and 4) the reaction barrier for CO oxidation follows the order of M2O(100)–O<M(111)<M2O(100)–M (M=Cu, Ag, Au); namely the M2O(100)–O shows higher activity than does the corresponding metal. By analyzing the factor that controls the energy barrier, it was found that the interaction energy between two CO molecules and one O atom at the transition state plays an important role in determining the trend in the barrier.
In vivo time‐lapse imaging of cell proliferation and differentiation in the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis tadpoles
Authors: Bestman Jennifer E. , Lee‐Osbourne Jane , Cline Hollis T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe analyzed the function of neural progenitors in the developing central nervous system of Xenopus laevis tadpoles by using in vivo time‐lapse confocal microscopy to collect images through the tectum at intervals of 2–24 hours over 3 days. Neural progenitor cells were labeled with fluorescent protein reporters based on expression of endogenous Sox2 transcription factor. With this construct, we identified Sox2‐expressing cells as radial glia and as a component of the progenitor pool of cells in the developing tectum that gives rise to neurons and other radial glia. Lineage analysis of individual radial glia and their progeny demonstrated that less than 10% of radial glia undergo symmetric divisions resulting in two radial glia, whereas the majority of radial glia divide asymmetrically to generate neurons and radial glia. Time‐lapse imaging revealed the direct differentiation of radial glia into neurons. Although radial glia may guide axons as they navigate to the superficial tectum, we find no evidence that radial glia function as a scaffold for neuronal migration at early stages of tectal development. Over 3 days, the number of labeled cells increased 20%, as the fraction of radial glia dropped and the proportion of neuronal progeny increased to approximately 60% of the labeled cells. Tadpoles provided with short‐term visual enhancement generated significantly more neurons, with a corresponding decrease in cell proliferation. Together these results demonstrate that radial glial cells are neural progenitors in the developing optic tectum and reveal that visual experience increases the proportion of neurons generated in an intact animal. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:401–433, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Canakinumab for the treatment of adult and pediatric cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes (CAPS)
Authors: Patel Aarat M. , Torok Kathryn S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) comprise three rare autoinflammatory disorders: familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle–Wells syndrome, and neonatal‐onset multisystem inflammatory disorder. A mutation in the NLRP3 (CIAS1) gene, encoding cryopyrin, leads to inflammation and results in fever, chills, urticarial rash, arthralgias, conjunctivitis, and other difficult‐to‐control systemic features. Major advances in understanding interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) have led to better treatment options. This review focuses on a promising new medication, canakinumab, which is a recombinant, human anti‐human‐IL‐1β monoclonal antibody that has been effective in treating adult and pediatric CAPS. Drug Dev Res 72:553–560, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
T‐cell targeted therapies in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Alnaimat Fatima , Sidhu Paramvir , Sarkar Sujata 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSignificant advances have been made during the past decade in the understanding of autoimmune diseases and in the development of therapeutics targeting various immune pathways. T‐cell‐mediated immune dysregulation occurs in a variety of autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. Inhibition of the T‐cell function using CTLA‐4Ig is currently approved for management of rheumatoid arthritis. Select therapies targeting adhesion molecules are used for the management of patients with psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Therapeutics targeting tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), a cytokine secreted by T cells, is widely used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, several therapies target a variety of molecules related to T cells that are under development or undergoing clinical trials. Drug Dev Res 72:585–597, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Certolizumab pegol therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: Overview
Authors: Zidi Ines , Mnif Wissem , Bouaziz Aicha , Amor Nidhal Ben 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFirst‐line treatment for moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been the use of disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), e.g., methotrexate. Because of the cases of failure reported to respond to available treatments, newer RA drugs including tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) blockers have emerged. Certolizumab pegol (CZP) is a unique polyethylene glycolated (PEG) humanized monoclonal antibody designed specifically to target TNF‐α pro‐inflammatory cytokine. Given that its properties closely reflect its PEG fragment, CZP has demonstrated a clear efficiency. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CZP are described together with Phase II and III CZP clinical studies focused on CZP efficiency and safety. We also discuss the future of CZP and new clinical studies that might help physicians in their choice of CZP among available TNF‐α blockers. Drug Dev Res 72:603–614, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Segregated and overlapping neural circuits exist for the production of static and dynamic precision grip force
Authors: Neely Kristina A. , Coombes Stephen A. , Planetta Peggy J. , Vaillancourt David E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA central topic in sensorimotor neuroscience is the static‐dynamic dichotomy that exists throughout the nervous system. Previous work examining motor unit synchronization reports that the activation strategy and timing of motor units differ for static and dynamic tasks. However, it remains unclear whether segregated or overlapping blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) activity exists in the brain for static and dynamic motor control. This study compared the neural circuits associated with the production of static force to those associated with the production of dynamic force pulses. To that end, healthy young adults (n = 17) completed static and dynamic precision grip force tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Both tasks activated core regions within the visuomotor network, including primary and sensory motor cortices, premotor cortices, multiple visual areas, putamen, and cerebellum. Static force was associated with unique activity in a right‐lateralized cortical network including inferior parietal lobe, ventral premotor cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, dynamic force was associated with unique activity in left‐lateralized and midline cortical regions, including supplementary motor area, superior parietal lobe, fusiform gyrus, and visual area V3. These findings provide the first neuroimaging evidence supporting a lateralized pattern of brain activity for the production of static and dynamic precision grip force. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.