bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion of Functionally Anergic CD21−/low Marginal Zone-like B Cell Clones in Hepatitis C Virus Infection-Related Autoimmunity
Authors: Terrier Benjamin , Joly Florence , Vazquez Thomas , Benech Philippe , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Carpentier Wassila , Garrido Marlène , Ghillani-Dalbin Pascale , Klatzmann David , Cacoub Patrice , Saadoun David 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHomeostasis of peripheral B cell subsets is disturbed during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, leading to the occurrence of autoimmunity and B cell lymphoproliferation. However, mechanisms by which HCV causes lymphoproliferation remain controversial. We report in this article on the elevated number of clonal CD21−/lowIgM+CD27+ marginal zone (MZ)-like B cells, which correlates with autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation in HCV patients. We found an increase in autoreactive BCRs using VH1–69 and VH4–34 genes in CD21−/low MZ B cells. CD21−/low MZ B cells showed impaired calcium-mediated signaling, did not upregulate activation markers, and did not proliferate in response to BCR triggering. CD21−/low MZ B cells also were prone to dying faster than their CD21+ counterparts, suggesting that these B cells were anergic. CD21−/low MZ B cells, in contrast, remained responsive to TLR9 stimulation. Gene array analyses revealed the critical role of Early growth response 2 and Cbl-b in the induction of anergy. Therefore, HCV patients who display high frequencies of unresponsive CD21−/low MZ B cells are more susceptible to developing autoimmunity and/or lymphoproliferation. These cells remain in peripheral blood controlled by functional anergy instead of being eliminated, and chronic antigenic stimulation through TLR stimulation may create a favorable environment for breaking tolerance and activating these cells.
Rat and Mouse CD94 Associate Directly with the Activating Transmembrane Adaptor Proteins DAP12 and DAP10 and Activate NK Cell Cytotoxicity
Authors: Saether Per C. , Hoelsbrekken Sigurd E. , Fossum Sigbjørn , Dissen Erik 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Signaling by the CD94/NKG2 heterodimeric NK cell receptor family has been well characterized in the human but has remained unclear in the mouse and rat. In the human, the activating receptor CD94/NKG2C associates with DAP12 by an ionic bond between oppositely charged residues within the transmembrane regions of NKG2C and DAP12. The lysine residue responsible for DAP12 association is absent in rat and mouse NKG2C and -E, raising questions about signaling mechanisms in these species. As a possible substitute, rat and mouse NKG2C and -E contain an arginine residue in the transition between the transmembrane and stalk regions. In this article, we demonstrate that, similar to their human orthologs, NKG2A inhibits, whereas NKG2C activates, rat NK cells. Redirected lysis assays using NK cells transfected with a mutated NKG2C construct indicated that the activating function of CD94/NKG2C did not depend on the transmembrane/stalk region arginine residue. Flow cytometry and biochemical analysis demonstrated that both DAP12 and DAP10 can associate with rat CD94/NKG2C. Surprisingly, DAP12 and DAP10 did not associate with NKG2C but instead with CD94. These associations depended on a transmembrane lysine residue in CD94 that is unique to rodents. Thus, in the mouse and rat, the ability to bind activating adaptor proteins has been transferred from NKG2C/E to the CD94 chain as a result of mutation events in both chains. Remarkable from a phylogenetic perspective, this sheds new light on the evolution and function of the CD94/NKG2 receptor family.
Cutting Edge: Loss of α4 Integrin Expression Differentially Affects the Homing of Th1 and Th17 Cells
Authors: Glatigny Simon , Duhen Rebekka , Oukka Mohamed , Bettelli Estelle 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe neutralization of α4 integrin is currently used as treatment in several autoimmune diseases and is thought to prevent the entry of most immune cells in target tissues. In this study, we showed that selective deletion of α4 integrin in T cells did not prevent but delayed the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Whereas both Th1 and Th17 cells infiltrate the CNS of wild-type mice, T cells present in the CNS of mice lacking α4 integrin were mainly enriched in Th17 cells, suggesting that this T cell subset uses other integrins to access the CNS. In contrast, α4 integrin expression is important for Th1 cells to enter the CNS and for the stability of their Th1-associated genetic program. Therefore, our data suggest that anti-α4 integrin Ab treatment may be more efficient in the treatment of Th1- rather than Th17-mediated disease.
Alloantibodies against MHC Class I: A Novel Mechanism of Neonatal Pancytopenia Linked to Vaccination
Authors: Foucras Gilles , Corbière Fabien , Tasca Christian , Pichereaux Carole , Caubet Cécile , Trumel Catherine , Lacroux Caroline , Franchi Cyrielle , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Schelcher François 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a frequent disease in humans where alloantibodies against platelet Ags lead to platelet destruction and hemorrhage. Although a role in the disease for Abs against MHC has been suspected, this has not been formally demonstrated. Since 2007, a hemorrhagic syndrome due to thrombocytopenia and designated as bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) has been recognized in calves in several European countries. An inactivated antiviral vaccine is strongly suspected to be involved in this syndrome because of its highly frequent use in the dams of affected calves. In this study, we show that BNP is an alloimmune disease, as we reproduced the signs by transferring serum Abs from vaccinated BNP dams into healthy neonatal calves. Ab specificity was strongly associated with the presence of allogeneic MHC class I Abs in the dams. MHC class I staining was also observed on Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells, a cell line related to the one used to produce the vaccine Ag. Our report emphatically demonstrates that alloimmunization against MHC class I is associated with a substantial risk of developing cytopenia-associated syndromes in neonates when a cell line of the same species is used to produce an inactivated vaccine injected into the mother.
Bone tumors in a tertiary care hospital of south India: A review 117 cases
Authors: Jain Karun , Ravishankar R , Rupakumar C S , Gadiyar H B , Manjunath G V ,   Sunila,   Mruthyunjaya
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background: Bone tumors remain a daunting challenge to orthopedic surgeons. The challenge is heightened in developing countries due to limited diagnostic and therapeutic facilities as well as due to ignorance. The published literature on this subject is sparse in our environment. Objective: To determine the pattern of bone tumors including their relative frequencies, age and sex distributions, anatomical sites of occurrence and clinico-pathological characteristics as seen in a tertiary care hospital of south India. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective review of all the histologically confirmed bone tumors seen at JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore over an 8 year period: 2002 to 2009. Results: A total of 117 patients (aged 5 to 82 years) with a mean of age of 26.87 years were studied. Seventy-six patients (64.96%) were males and 41 (35.04%) were females. The peak age incidence for primary bone tumors was in the age group of 11-20 years and that for metastatic bone tumors was more than 60 years. Sixty-seven (57.26%) of the tumors were benign. Among these, osteochondroma was the most common, accounting for 26 cases (22.22%) followed by Giant cell tumor (24 cases, 20.51%). Osteosarcoma accounted for 35.14% (13 cases) of all the primary malignant tumors in the study. Lower end of femur was the most common site for primary bone tumors and accounted for 30 cases (25.64%) followed by upper end of tibia and fibula (24 cases, 20.51%). The most common site for metastatic bone tumors was upper end of femur including hip joint followed by spine. Conclusion: This study showed that primary bone tumors are mainly benign, occurred predominantly in the second decade of life with a male preponderance. Osteochondroma and osteosarcoma are the most common benign and primary malignant bone tumors, respectively. The most common primary foci for metastatic bone tumor are from the respiratory tract.
Late effects on haemostasis after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Tsakiris D. A. , Stussi G. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAllogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantations are important therapeutic options for patients with hematologic disorders. Hemostatic complications are frequent after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with a considerable morbidity and mortality. The incidence of bleedings and thrombosis is highest in the first few weeks after transplantation, but may also occur later. However, beyond the first year of transplantation only limited data are available. In longterm survivors the risk for premature atherosclerosis increases over time after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and it is higher than in the age-adjusted general population and in recipients of autologous transplantation.
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimates Using the Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events Equations
Authors: Anderson Timothy S. , Wilson Linnea M. , Sussman Jeremy B. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceIn 2023, the American Heart Association (AHA) developed the Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events (PREVENT) equations to estimate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), as an update to the 2013 pooled cohort equations (PCEs). The PREVENT equations were derived from contemporary cohorts and removed race and added variables for kidney function and statin use.ObjectiveTo compare national estimates of 10-year ASCVD risk using the PCEs and PREVENT equations and how these equations affect recommendations for primary prevention statin therapy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included adults aged 40 to 75 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2017 to March 2020. Adults were defined as eligible for primary prevention statin use based on the 2019 AHA/American College of Cardiology guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Data were weighted to be nationally representative and were analyzed from December 27, 2023, to January 31, 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe 10-year ASCVD risk and eligibility for primary prevention statin therapy based on PREVENT and PCE calculations.ResultsIn the weighted sample of 3785 US adults (mean [SD] age, 55.7 [9.7] years; 52.5% women) without known ASCVD, 20.7% reported current statin use. The mean estimated 10-year ASCVD risk was 8.0% (95% CI, 7.6%-8.4%) using the PCEs and 4.3% (95% CI, 4.1%-4.5%) using the PREVENT equations. Across all age, sex, and racial subgroups, compared with the PCEs, the mean estimated 10-year ASCVD risk was lower using the PREVENT equations, with the largest difference for Black adults (10.9% [95% CI, 10.1%-11.7%] vs 5.1% [95% CI 4.7%-5.4%]) and individuals aged 70 to 75 years (22.8% [95% CI, 21.6%-24.1%] vs 10.2% [95% CI, 9.6%-10.8%]). The use of the PREVENT equations instead of the PCEs could reduce the number of adults meeting criteria for primary prevention statin therapy from 45.4 million (95% CI, 40.3 million-50.4 million) to 28.3 million (95% CI, 25.2 million-31.4 million). In other words, 17.3 million (95% CI, 14.8 million-19.7 million) adults recommended statins based on the PCEs would no longer be recommended statins based on PREVENT equations, including 4.1 million (95% CI, 2.8 million-5.5 million) adults currently taking statins. Based on the PREVENT equations, 44.1% (95% CI, 38.6%-49.5%) of adults eligible for primary prevention statin therapy reported currently taking statins, equating to 15.8 million (95% CI, 13.4 million-18.2 million) individuals eligible for primary prevention statins who reported not taking statins.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that use of the PREVENT equations was associated with fewer US adults being eligible for primary prevention statin therapy; however, the majority of adults eligible for receiving such therapy based on PREVENT equations did not report statin use.
Cancer Incidence Trends in Successive Social Generations in the US
Authors: Rosenberg Philip S. , Miranda-Filho Adalberto 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceThe incidence of some cancers in the US is increasing in younger age groups, but underlying trends in cancer patterns by birth year remain unclear.ObjectiveTo estimate cancer incidence trends in successive social generations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, incident invasive cancers were ascertained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program’s 13-registry database (November 2020 submission, accessed August 14, 2023). Invasive cancers diagnosed at ages 35 to 84 years during 1992 to 2018 within 152 strata were defined by cancer site, sex, and race and ethnicity.ExposureInvasive cancer.Main Outcome and MeasuresStratum-specific semiparametric age-period-cohort (SAGE) models were fitted and incidence per 100 000 person-years at the reference age of 60 years was calculated for single-year birth cohorts from 1908 through 1983 (fitted cohort patterns [FCPs]). The FCPs and FCP incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were compared by site for Generation X (born between 1965 and 1980) and Baby Boomers (born between 1946 and 1964).ResultsA total of 3.8 million individuals with invasive cancer (51.0% male; 8.6% Asian or Pacific Islander, 9.5% Hispanic, 10.4% non-Hispanic Black, and 71.5% non-Hispanic White) were included in the analysis. In Generation X vs Baby Boomers, FCP IRRs among women increased significantly for thyroid (2.76; 95% CI, 2.41-3.15), kidney (1.99; 95% CI, 1.70-2.32), rectal (1.84; 95% CI, 1.52-2.22), corpus uterine (1.75; 95% CI, 1.40-2.18), colon (1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.92), and pancreatic (1.39; 95% CI, 1.07-1.80) cancers; non-Hodgkins lymphoma (1.40; 95% CI, 1.08-1.82); and leukemia (1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.58). Among men, IRRs increased for thyroid (2.16; 95% CI, 1.87-2.50), kidney (2.14; 95% CI, 1.86-2.46), rectal (1.80; 95% CI, 1.52-2.12), colon (1.60; 95% CI, 1.32-1.94), and prostate (1.25; 95% CI, 1.03-1.52) cancers and leukemia (1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66). Lung (IRR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.50-0.72) and cervical (IRR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89) cancer incidence decreased among women, and lung (IRR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.43-0.60), liver (IRR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.91), and gallbladder (IRR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-1.00) cancer and non-Hodgkins lymphoma (IRR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.93) incidence decreased among men. For all cancers combined, FCPs were higher in Generation X than for Baby Boomers because gaining cancers numerically overtook falling cancers in all groups except Asian or Pacific Islander men.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this model-based cohort analysis of incident invasive cancer in the general population, decreases in lung and cervical cancers in Generation X may be offset by gains at other sites. Generation X may be experiencing larger per-capita increases in the incidence of leading cancers than any prior generation born in 1908 through 1964. On current trajectories, cancer incidence could remain high for decades.
Wild animal trade in Cameroon: An insight into species involved and conservation implications in the western Highlands
Authors: Majiteu Murielle , Tamungang Simon Awafor , Fotang Chefor , Tache Jose Innoncent Tamdjo , Riegert Jan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Illegal bushmeat trade is a significant driver of the decline in wildlife populations within the tropics. Despite the intense trade of bushmeat in Cameroon, there is dearth or no official statistics on the kind of animals sold in the markets in most parts of Cameroon. To abridge this knowledge gap, an inventory of wild animals sold in local markets was carried out.

The animal taxa sold within the markets were identified, and their abundance, class diversity and conservation status according to the IUCN Red List of threatened species and Cameroon wildlife classification were assessed. Semi‐structured questionnaires were randomly administered to 200 traders randomly selected in 16 markets. Multivariate analyses were used to compare the proportions of sold taxa among the markets and the proportions of taxa based on their conservation status.

Results were summarized as shown below: (1) 476 individuals of animals were recorded, covering 47 taxa, 41 genera, 33 families, 18 orders and 3 classes from bushmeat vendors. (2) Mammals dominated the trade in all markets (by a mean of 74.3% per market), followed by reptiles (16.1%) and birds (9.5%) in terms of both abundance and diversity. (3) Cane rats (Thryonomyidae) and primates (Cercopithecidae) represented the highest proportions of animal specimens recorded. (4) The diversity of mammals sold was highest in Foumbot, followed by Bangangte, Bafousam and Bangoua as the main local markets, and lowest mammalian diversity was found in Batcham and Baham village markets. (5) The most often traded animal species belonged to the least concern category, followed by vulnerable, near threatened, endangered, and critically endangered.

In general, we observed that less protected species by the IUCN Red List and Cameroon wildlife classification were often found in village markets and species with higher conservation value were often sold in city markets. Similarly, the main markets hosted the highest diversity of sold animals, especially mammals. The size of the human settlement together with its location nearby protected area and/or placement of the market by the main road are the main drivers determining numbers and diversity of sold animals, and further attention to government conservation activities should be focused on these markets.
Shifting dynamics in restoration ecology: Concrete steps towards centering Black, Indigenous, and People of Color's communities and perspectives
Authors: Rosa Samantha , Hollis Sarah , Francia Regina Mae , Renner Amelia , Johnson Nia , Barak Rebecca S. , Jones Holly P. , Williams Evelyn W. , Foxx Alicia J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Ecological restoration is a crucial tool for mitigating climate change and addressing the global biodiversity crisis. The extensive knowledge of Black, Indigenous and People of Colour (BIPOC) will play a key role in accelerating the advancement of restoration efforts but has historically been excluded. BIPOC traditions and practices of protecting and restoring ecological communities include intricate socio‐ecological systems whose holistic practices preserve cultural knowledge while simultaneously addressing environmental issues.

If we are to have a seat at the table for everyone and meet the lofty goals of the U.N. Decade on Ecosystem Restoration to contribute to reversing the biodiversity and climate crises, the field of restoration ecology can no longer afford to exclude BIPOC communities and their irreplaceable social, cultural, and ecological knowledge.

Solution: We offer opportunities to engage BIPOC communities and their contributions to restoration, and to introduce a restoration community to connect and center BIPOC through the Black Earth Restoration Collective. This is a call to action to those with power and access in restoration ecology to make vital shifts needed to accomplish a more equitable and just approach to restoration.
Fixed‐time neuroadaptive formation control for multiple QUAVs with external disturbance
Authors: Cheng Shuai , Xin Bin , Du Zhaofeng , Chen Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the formation control of multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle systems (MQUAVSs) with external disturbance. A new adaptive fixed‐time cooperative control protocol is designed for MQUAVSs. A fixed‐time command filtered compensation control technology is presented to overcome the “explosion of complexity” issue, and a new fixed‐time error compensation signal is designed to compensate the filtering error, which improves the convergence speed of the system. Adaptive neural network technology is introduced to deal with unknown nonlinear functions in the system. A fixed‐time stability theorem is presented for MQUAVSs to ensure that MQUAVSs can reach the predetermined formation and the formation tracking errors converge to the neighborhood of the origin in a fixed time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the formation simulation of MQUAVs.
Synergetic Antibacterial Nanoparticles with Broad‐Spectrum for Wound Healing and Lung Infection Therapy
Authors: Guo Lei , Tang Yixin , Wang Lu , Zhou Rui , Wang Siyuan , Xu Huiqing , Yang Xi , Zhang Jizhou , Chen Jie , Xu Caina , Li Yanhui , Tian Huayu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) caused by the abuse of antibiotics is becoming serious. The development of antibacterial materials with synergistic efficiency and treatment of deep tissue/organ infections is imminent. Herein, synergistic antibacterial nanoparticles (MPH NPs) are prepared by loading antibacterial peptide polymyxin B (PMB) on Fe‐based MOF (MIL‐100) with hyaluronic acid (HA) modification. MPH NPs exerts antibacterial effects by chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and the release of PMB. MPH NPs have broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties on Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli, 100%), Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus, 98.5 %), and MRSA (98.4%). Importantly, MPH NPs not only promote the healing of infected wounds but also target lungs to accomplish organ infection therapy. Therefore, this study provides a new strategy for designing a synergetic anti‐AMR bacteria system and the function for deep tissue/organ infection therapy in the future.
Advances in Liquid Metal Printed 2D Oxide Electronics
Authors: Scheideler William J. , Nomura Kenji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract2D metal oxides (2DMOs) have recently emerged as a high‐performance class of ultrathin, wide bandgap materials offering exceptional electrical and optical properties for a wide area of device applications in energy, sensing, and display technologies. Liquid metal printing represents a thermodynamically advantageous strategy for synthesizing 2DMOs by a solvent‐free and vacuum‐free scalable method. Here, recent progress in the field of liquid metal printed 2D oxides is reviewed, considering how the physics of Cabrera‐Mott oxidation gives this rapid, low‐temperature process advantages over alternatives such as sol‐gel and nanoparticle processing. The growth, composition, and crystallinity of a burgeoning set of 1–3 nm thick liquid metal printed semiconducting, conducting, and dielectric oxides are analyzed that are uniquely suited for the fabrication of high‐performance flexible electronics. The advantages and limitations of these strategies are considered, highlighting opportunities to amplify the impact of 2DMO through large‐area printing, the design of doped metal alloys, stacking of 2DMO to electrostatically engineer new oxide heterostructures, and implementation of 2D oxide devices for gas sensing, photodetection, and neuromorphic computing.