bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of dexamethasone on human patellar tendon stem cells: Implications for dexamethasone treatment of tendon injury
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Keenan Camille , Wang James H‐C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractInjection of Dexamethasone (Dex) is commonly used in clinics to treat tendon injury such as tendinopathy because of its anti‐inflammatory capabilities. However, serious adverse effects have been reported as a result of Dex treatment, such as impaired tendon healing and tendon rupture. Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, this study was to determine the effects of Dex treatment on the proliferation and differentiation of human tendon stem cells (hTSCs), which can directly impact tendon healing. We found that Dex treatment stimulated cell proliferation at lower concentrations (<1,000 nM), whereas a high concentration (1,000 nM) decreased cell proliferation. Moreover, at all concentrations used (5, 10, 100, and 1,000 nM), Dex treatment induced non‐tenocyte differentiation of hTSCs, as evidenced by a change in cell shape, a nearly complete suppression of collagen type I expression, and an upregulation of non‐tenocyte related genes (PPARγ and Sox‐9), which was especially evident when higher concentrations (>10 nM) of Dex were used. Implantation of Dex‐treated hTSCs for a short time (3 weeks) resulted in the extensive formation of fatty tissues, cartilage‐like tissues, and bony tissues. These findings suggest that Dex treatment in clinics may cause a paradoxical effect on the injured tendons it is supposed to treat: by inducing non‐tenocyte differentiation of hTSCs, Dex treatment depletes the stem cell pool and leads to the formation of non‐tendinous tissues (e.g., fatty and cartilage‐like tissues), which make tendon susceptible to rupture. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:105–110, 2012
Permanent Polymer Coating for in vivo MRI Visualization of Tissue Reinforcement Prostheses
Authors: Guillaume Olivier , Blanquer Sébastien , Letouzey Vincent , Cornille Arnaud , Huberlant Stephanie , Lemaire Laurent , Franconi Florence , de Tayrac Renaud , Coudane Jean , Garric Xavier 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe clinical advantage of MRI visualization of prostheses in soft tissue prolapses is very appealing as over 1 000 000 MRI‐transparent synthetic meshes are implanted annually, and postoperative complications such as mesh shrinkage and migration are frequent. Here, the synthesis of a new material composed of a DTPA‐Gd complex grafted onto a backbone of PMA via a covalent bond is described (DTPA‐Gd‐PMA). This new polymer is sprayed onto meshes and gives an MR signal for a long period without any significant release of Gd. In vitro cytocompatibility tests on fibroblasts show limited cytotoxicity. Microscopic investigations indicate that vital cells rapidly colonize the material. Finally, coated meshes implanted in rats are easily recognizable using an MR imaging system. magnified image
CVD diamond film deposited on copper substrate enhanced by a thin platinum modification layer
Authors: Liu Xuezhang , Wei Qiuping , Yu Zhiming , Yin Dengfeng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBy coating a platinum layer of about 40 nm thickness to a copper substrate seeded with ultradispersed nanodiamond particles (UDDs), faceted diamond with high density was detected. It presents a novel nucleation mechanism – carbon in UDDs was dissolved in platinum and was transferred through the platinum interlayer, followed the formation of sp3‐bonded diamond clusters at the platinum surface, which was distinguished from UDDs without platinum modification layer. The diamond film was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐rays, and laser Raman spectroscopy, respectively. After 4 h diamond growth, diamond film developed into two different layers: one nanocrystalline and one microcrystalline. Such a composite structure was attributed to the platinum layer that modified the interface properties of diamond nuclei and copper substrate at high temperature.
Optoelectronic and low temperature thermoelectric effects in the OVC n‐CuIn3Se5 thin films
Authors: Jacob R. , Geethu R. , Shripathi T. , Okram G. S. , Ganesan V. , Pradeep B. , Urmila K. S. , Philip R. R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOptoelectronic properties and low temperature thermoelectric effects were studied on polycrystalline thin films of ternary chalcopyrite ordered vacancy compound (OVC) n‐CuIn3Se5. The thin films prepared by three source vacuum co‐evaporation method were preliminarily characterized structurally, morphologically, and compositionally by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Optical and optoelectronic measurements were done to obtain the band gap, carrier concentration, and photosensitivity of the materials. Thermopower dependence on temperature exhibited a non‐degenerate semiconductivity, establishing Boltzmann statistics relation between carrier density and Fermi level in the films. While ionized impurity scattering has been detected near room temperature, an enhanced negative thermopower due to contribution from phonon drag has been noticed toward lower temperature in the films. Thermopower together with Hall coefficient and conductivity measurements permitted the correlation of density of states, carrier concentration, drift velocity, and the effective mass of the carriers with the conductivity of the films.
Influence of dissolved ions on determination of oxygen isotope composition of aqueous solutions using the CO2‐H2O equilibration method
Authors: Kim Sang‐Tae , Park Seong‐Sook , Yun Seong‐Taek 
Published: August 2012

RATIONALEStable isotope compositions of natural waters, such as seawater, glaciers and basinal brines, can provide valuable information about Earth's hydrological cycle and its evolutionary history. However, a high concentration of dissolved ions in some natural waters hinders an accurate analysis of their oxygen isotope composition. A laboratory study was carried out in order to provide guidelines on how to resolve this analytical difficulty.METHODSCO2 gas was equilibrated with saline aqueous solutions of various chemical compositions at 25 °C. Subsequently, the oxygen isotope composition of the CO2 was determined at different equilibration times using a dual‐inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometer in order to evaluate the oxygen isotope salt effect and the rate of oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and the saline solution.RESULTSUsing the experimentally determined oxygen isotope salt effects of aqueous chloride and sulfate solutions, an empirical method for the prediction of the oxygen isotope salt effect of a 1.0 molal chloride or sulfate solution was proposed. The rates of oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and saline solutions were also examined. Our experimental data indicates that the sequence of the oxygen isotope exchange time is as: MgSO4 > CaCl2 ≈ Na2SO4 > NaCl > MgCl2 > KCl > H2O.CONCLUSIONSThe isotope salt effect and the kinetics of isotope exchange must be taken into account when the oxygen isotope composition of a saline aqueous solution is determined using the CO2‐H2O equilibration method. Our experimental data and the proposed prediction method provide essential guidelines for the accurate δ18O analysis of saline aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Students' reasoning and decision making about a socioscientific issue: A cross‐context comparison
Authors: Lee Yeung Chung , Grace Marcus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIt has been argued that decision making about socioscientific issue (SSIs) necessitates informal reasoning, which involves multiperspective thinking and moral judgment. This study extends the scope of the literature concerning students' reasoning on SSIs to a cross‐contextual study by comparing decisions made on avian flu by 12–13‐year‐old Chinese students in two different contextual settings using a prescribed decision‐making framework. The findings reveal differences between students in the two settings with respect to their reasoning perspectives, evidence perceived to be useful to gather, decision‐making criteria, and postactivity decisions. When coupled with cross‐contextual exchange, the prescribed decision‐making framework was found to have an impact on both multiperspective reasoning and metacognitive reflection on the multifaceted nature of decision making. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:787–807, 2012
Preparation of MoS2‐Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanocomposites for Flexible Nonvolatile Rewritable Memory Devices with Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Liu Juqing , Zeng Zhiyuan , Cao Xiehong , Lu Gang , Wang Lian‐Hui , Fan Qu‐Li , Huang Wei , Zhang Hua 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA facile method for exfoliation and dispersion of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with the aid of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is proposed. The resultant PVP‐coated MoS2 nanosheets, i.e., MoS2‐PVP nanocomposites, are well dispersed in the low‐boiling ethanol solvent, facilitating their thin film preparation and the device fabrication by solution processing technique. As a proof of concept, a flexible memory diode with the configuration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/MoS2‐PVP/Al exhibited a typical bistable electrical switching and nonvolatile rewritable memory effect with the function of flash. These experimental results prove that the electrical transition is due to the charge trapping and detrapping behavior of MoS2 in the PVP dielectric material. This study paves a way of employing two‐dimensional nanomaterials as both functional materials and conducting electrodes for the future flexible data storage.
Silicon Nanocrystal OLEDs: Effect of Organic Capping Group on Performance
Authors: Mastronardi Melanie L. , Henderson Eric J. , Puzzo Daniel P. , Chang Yilu , Wang Zhi Bin , Helander Michael G. , Jeong Junho , Kherani Nazir P. , Lu Zhenghong , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of highly luminescent, colloidally‐stable and organically‐capped silicon nanocrystals (ncSi) and their incorporation into a visible wavelength organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) is reported. By substituting decyl chains with aromatic allylbenzene capping ligands and size‐selecting visible emitting ncSi, superior packing density, enhanced charge transport, and an improved photoluminescence absolute quantum yield of the ncSi is obtained in the active layer of an OLED.
Fluorine‐Free Mould Powders for Slab Casting: Crystallization Control in the CaO–SiO2–TiO2–Na2O–Al2O3 System
Authors: Klug Jeferson L. , Hagemann René , Heck Nestor C. , Vilela Antônio C. F. , Heller Hans P. , Scheller Piotr R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe main problem related to the development of fluorine‐free mould powders for slab casting is effectively controlling the heat transfer between the steel shell and mould. In commercial mould powders crystallization of cuspidine (Ca4Si2O7F2) from mould slag has a great effect on heat‐transfer control. In industrial process the crystallization rate for a fluorine‐free mould slag should be similar to the crystallization rate of cuspidine. To evaluate the crystallization rate for slags time‐temperature‐transformation (TTT) diagrams can be constructed using the Single Hot Thermocouple Technique by in situ observation. In the present work, fundamental information related to crystallization control in the CaO–SiO2–TiO2–Na2O–Al2O3 system was obtained. It was observed that the addition of Na2O in CaO–SiO2–TiO2 slags dramatically shortens the crystals' incubation times in TTT diagrams to the range of seconds. It is possible to control the crystallization kinetics in CaO–SiO2–TiO2 slags by changing the Na2O content. Some observations for the crystals' morphology are reported.
Mining social media: key players, sentiments, and communities
Authors: Atzmueller Martin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSocial media is the key component of social networks and organizational social applications. The emergence of new systems and services has created a number of novel social and ubiquitous environments for mining information, data, and, finally, knowledge. This connects but also transcends private and business applications featuring a range of different types of networks and organizational contexts. Important structures concern subgroups emerging in those applications as communities (connecting people), roles and key actors in the networks and communities, and opinions, beliefs, and sentiments of the set of actors. Collective intelligence can then be considered as an emerging phenomenon of the different interactions. This focus article considers mining approaches concerning social media in social networks and organizations and the analysis of such data. We first summarize important terms and concepts. Next, we describe and discuss key actor identification and characterization, sentiment mining and analysis, and community mining. In the sequel we consider different application areas and briefly discuss two exemplary ubiquitous and social applications—the social conference guidance system Conferator, and the MyGroup system for supporting working groups. Furthermore, we describe the VIKAMINE system for mining communities and subgroups in social media in the sketched application domains. Finally, we conclude with a discussion and outlook. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Coupling of P2Y receptors to G proteins and other signaling pathways
Authors: Erb Laurie , Weisman Gary A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractP2Y receptors are G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by adenine and uridine nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. There are eight subtypes of P2Y receptors (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y12, P2Y13, and P2Y14), which activate intracellular signaling cascades to regulate a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, phagocytosis, secretion, nociception, cell adhesion, and cell migration. These signaling cascades operate mainly by the sequential activation or deactivation of heterotrimeric and monomeric G proteins, phospholipases, adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, protein kinases, and phosphodiesterases. In addition, there are numerous ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, and receptor tyrosine kinases that are modulated by P2Y receptors and operate to transmit an extracellular signal to an intracellular response. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:789–803. doi: 10.1002/wmts.62For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Bromine Monofluoride
Authors: Drews Thomas , Seppelt Konrad 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBrF can be prepared by reaction of Br2 and F2 in various solvents below –100 °C. In solution it is identified by 19F NMR and Raman spectroscopy. From CH3Cl solution a single crystal structure determination of a BrF/CH3Cl adduct was obtained. The preparation from BrF3 and Br2 at 600 °C also delivers BrF in small amounts. The crystal structure of BrCl comes in an ordered and a disordered variety. The ordered structure is made of Br–Cl···Br–Cl chains. Computations suggest that neat BrF crystallizes in a dipol‐dipole type polymeric structure rather than a halogen bonded one as in ClF. A possible intermediate along the decomposition pathway into BrF3 and Br2 is Br–BrF2.
Normobaric Hyperoxia Does Not Change Optical Scattering or Pathlength but Does Increase Oxidised Cytochrome c Oxidase Concentration in Patients with Brain Injury
Authors: Ghosh Arnab , Tachtsidis Ilias , Kolyva Christina , Highton David , Elwell Clare , Smith Martin 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We report the use of a novel hybrid near-infrared spectrometer for the measurement of optical scattering, pathlength and chromophore concentration in critically ill patients with brain injury. Ten mechanically ventilated patients with acute brain injury were studied. In addition to standard neurointensive care monitoring, middle cerebral artery flow velocity, brain lactate–pyruvate ratio (LPR) and brain tissue oxygen tension were monitored. The patients were subjected to graded normobaric hyperoxia (NBH), with the inspired fraction of oxygen increased from baseline to 60% then 100%. NBH induced significant changes in the concentrations of oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin and oxidised–reduced cytochrome c oxidase; these were accompanied by a corresponding reduction in brain LPR and increase in brain tissue oxygen tension. No significant change in optical scattering or pathlength was observed. These results suggest that the measurement of chromophore concentration in the injured brain is not confounded by changes in optical scattering or pathlength and that NBH induces an increase in cerebral aerobic metabolism.
Toward standardization of the cut‐off value for the direct immunobead test using the postcoital test in immunologically infertile males
Authors: Koriyama Junko , Shibahara Hiroaki , Ikeda Tomoe , Hirano Yuki , Suzuki Tatsuya , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurposeThere is a need to improve our understanding of the cut‐off value of the direct immunobead test (D‐IBT).MethodsThe subjects were 26 D‐IBT‐positive and 140 D‐IBT‐negative males. The results of post coital tests (PCTs) for each subject were examined.ResultsA significant difference was observed in abnormal PCTs between values <20 % and those ≥20 % (P = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in abnormal PCTs between values <50 % and those ≥50 % (P = 0.084).ConclusionsA cut‐off value of 20 % was correlated with the possibility of conception on treatment with IUI. The D‐IBT is a screening test, and the value of 20 % initially suggested by Bronson et al. seems to be more appropriate than that of 50 % in the criteria defined by the World Health Organization.
Clinic‐level introduction of medical abortion in Vietnam
Authors: Raghavan Sheila , Ngoc Nguyen thi Nhu , Shochet Tara , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of medical abortion and patient satisfaction in the clinic setting, in addition to determining healthcare providers’ views.MethodsFrom 2006 to 2008, 2400 women were enrolled at 10 Vietnam Family Planning Association (VINAFPA) clinics in an operations research project. Participants took 200 mg of oral mifepristone in the clinic and 400 μg of oral misoprostol 2 days later at home or in the clinic. Abortion status was assessed at follow‐up. Furthermore, in 2006, 900 clinicians at 45 health facilities answered a knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey to capture providers' views.ResultsIn total, 93.8% of participants had successful medical abortions. The majority (84.5%) administered misoprostol at home. Adverse effects included bleeding, pain/cramps, and nausea. Most women (92.6%) were satisfied/very satisfied with the method. Most providers who took the survey (85.6%) recommended that medical abortion be introduced at VINAFPA clinics.ConclusionThe operations research data demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and acceptability of medical abortion at VINAFPA clinics. The majority of surveyed providers endorsed adding medical abortion at their own facilities. Developing national guidelines for providing medical abortion at the clinic level is an important step in expanding access to services in Vietnam.
Stillbirth in cases of severe acute maternal morbidity
Authors: Olagbuji Biodun N. , Ezeanochie Michael C. , Igbaruma Solomon , Okoigi Samson O. , Ande Adedapo B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence and correlates of stillbirths among women with severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM).MethodsIn an observational study of 728 women who had SAMM between January 2007 and December 2010 at a referral tertiary health facility in Benin, Nigeria, the incidence of stillbirth, and the clinical and demographic correlates of stillbirth were evaluated.ResultsThe rate of stillbirth among women with SAMM was 210 per 1000 deliveries. The rate among women who had uterine rupture (643 per 1000 deliveries) far exceeded other cause‐specific rates of stillbirth. Unbooked status (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–3.8), low maternal education (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–4.0), vaginal delivery (OR, 8.1; 95% CI, 5.1–13.0), and maternal comorbidity (OR, 12.9; 95% CI, 6.2–26.9) were factors associated with stillbirth after adjusting for confounding variables.ConclusionIn Nigeria, SAMM was found to be associated with an unacceptably high rate of stillbirth. Strategies to improve fetal surveillance among women with SAMM are necessary to address the excessively high incidence of stillbirth among these patients.
MicroRNAs in atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Ku‐Chung , Juo Suh‐Hang Hank 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMicroRNAs are endogenously expressed small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators of several physiological and pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular system. Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been implicated in the pathophysiological processes underlying the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, including change in endothelial function, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, macrophage function, and foam cell formation. In this review, we summarize the recent data showing the roles of microRNAs in cell studies, studies on atherosclerotic mice, and human studies.
Modeling Shallow Over-Saturated Mixtures on Arbitrary Rigid Topography
Authors: Luca I. , Kuo C. Y. , Hutter K. , Tai Y. C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper a system of depth-integrated equations for over-saturated debris flows on three-dimensional topography is derived. The lower layer is a saturated mixture of density preserving solid and fluid constituents, where the pore fluid is in excess, so that an upper fluid layer develops above the mixture layer. At the layer interface fluid mass exchange may exist and for this a parameterization is needed. The emphasis is on the description of the influence on the flow by the curvature of the basal surface, and not on proposing rheological models of the avalanching mass. To this end, a coordinate system fitted to the topography has been used to properly account for the geometry of the basal surface. Thus, the modeling equations have been written in terms of these coordinates, and then simplified by using (1) the depth-averaging technique and (2) ordering approximations in terms of an aspect ratio ϵ which accounts for the scale of the flowing mass. The ensuing equations have been complemented by closure relations, but any other such relations can be postulated. For a shallow two-layer debris with clean water in the upper layer, flowing on a slightly curved surface, the equilibrium free surface is shown to be horizontal.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Evaluation of Influence Factors of Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Yang S. F. , Yang X. H. , Yin A. Y. , Jiang W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHeterogeneous asphalt mixture is treated as a two-phase composite consisting of asphalt mastic, namely a mixture of asphalt and fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates in this paper. A novel three-dimensional (3D) random modeling frame for asphalt mixture is developed, and as its applications, some numerical samples involving various polyhedric coarse aggregates with given gradations are generated. Viscoelastic asphalt mastic is simply characterized by the generalized Maxwell model whose parameters are determined by fitting the uniaxial compressive creep experimental data of asphalt mastic. After validation, the 3D random numerical samples are used to perform a series of numerical experiments in order to evaluate the influences of coarse aggregate distribution, content, average size, size deviation, shape and loading rate on the mechanical behaviors of asphalt mixture quantitatively. Finally, some important conclusions are given.