bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telomerase gene therapy in adult and old mice delays aging and increases longevity without increasing cancer
Authors: Bernardes de Jesus Bruno , Vera Elsa , Schneeberger Kerstin , Tejera Agueda M. , Ayuso Eduard , Bosch Fatima , Blasco Maria A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA major goal in aging research is to improve health during aging. In the case of mice, genetic manipulations that shorten or lengthen telomeres result, respectively, in decreased or increased longevity. Based on this, we have tested the effects of a telomerase gene therapy in adult (1 year of age) and old (2 years of age) mice. Treatment of 1‐ and 2‐year old mice with an adeno associated virus (AAV) of wide tropism expressing mouse TERT had remarkable beneficial effects on health and fitness, including insulin sensitivity, osteoporosis, neuromuscular coordination and several molecular biomarkers of aging. Importantly, telomerase‐treated mice did not develop more cancer than their control littermates, suggesting that the known tumorigenic activity of telomerase is severely decreased when expressed in adult or old organisms using AAV vectors. Finally, telomerase‐treated mice, both at 1‐year and at 2‐year of age, had an increase in median lifespan of 24 and 13%, respectively. These beneficial effects were not observed with a catalytically inactive TERT, demonstrating that they require telomerase activity. Together, these results constitute a proof‐of‐principle of a role of TERT in delaying physiological aging and extending longevity in normal mice through a telomerase‐based treatment, and demonstrate the feasibility of anti‐aging gene therapy.See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emmm.201200246
A Double Burden: Emotional Eating and Lack of Cognitive Reappraisal in Eating Disordered Women
Authors: Danner Unna N. , Evers Catharine , Stok F. Marijn , van Elburg Annemarie A. , de Ridder Denise T. D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the influence of emotional eating and lack of cognitive reappraisal on eating pathology in women with binge‐purge and restricting type eating disorders.MethodWomen with a diagnosis of anorexia or bulimia nervosa according to the DSM‐IV‐tr (n = 50) and non‐clinical women without eating disorders (n = 52) were asked about emotional eating tendencies, adaptive emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal) and eating pathology symptoms.ResultsIn binge‐purging women, emotional eating with limited use of cognitive reappraisal predicted level of eating pathology but not in the restricting and non‐clinical women.DiscussionEmotional eating tendencies in combination with a low tendency to use cognitive reappraisal may influence the severity of eating pathology in individuals with binge‐purge behaviours. Evidently, patients with these characteristics require a therapy that addresses adaptive emotion regulation skills. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
An efficient edge‐based level set finite element method for free surface flow problems
Authors: Rossi R. , Larese A. , Dadvand P. , Oñate E. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYWe present an efficient technique for the solution of free surface flow problems using level set and a parallel edge‐based finite element method. An unstructured semi‐explicit solution scheme is proposed. A custom data structure, obtained by blending node‐based and edge‐based approaches is presented so to allow a good parallel performance. In addition to standard velocity extrapolation (for the convection of the level set function), an explicit extrapolation of the pressure field is performed in order to impose both the pressure boundary condition and the volume conservation. The latter is also improved with a modification of the divergence free constrain. The method is shown to allow an efficient solution of both simple benchmark cases and complex industrial examples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
REAL‐TIME FORECASTING OF INFLATION AND OUTPUT GROWTH WITH AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS IN THE PRESENCE OF DATA REVISIONS
Authors: Clements Michael P. , Galvão Ana Beatriz 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYWe examine how the accuracy of real‐time forecasts from models that include autoregressive terms can be improved by estimating the models on ‘lightly revised’ data instead of using data from the latest‐available vintage. The benefits of estimating autoregressive models on lightly revised data are related to the nature of the data revision process and the underlying process for the true values. Empirically, we find improvements in root mean square forecasting error of 2–4% when forecasting output growth and inflation with univariate models, and of 8% with multivariate models. We show that multiple‐vintage models, which explicitly model data revisions, require large estimation samples to deliver competitive forecasts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assay of therapeutic ultrasound induced‐antinociception in experimental trigeminal neuropathic pain
Authors: Savernini Átila , Savernini Natascha , de Amaral Flávio Almeida , Romero Thiago Roberto Lima , Duarte Igor Dimitri Gama , de Castro Maria Salete Abreu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia is considered one of the most painful conditions, and pharmacological treatment can be as debilitating as the pathology itself. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of pulsed therapeutic ultrasound (TU) on an experimental rat model of trigeminal neuropathic nociception (chronic constriction injury—infraorbital nerve; CCI‐ION). To evaluate facial thermonociception, an apparatus that measured the reaction time for head withdrawal was constructed. After surgery, a gradual reduction in reaction time was observed until day 15 post‐CCI, when the values became constant. Three ipsilateral applications of TU to post‐CCI rats promoted an increase in latency time. This antinociceptive effect was evident even after the first TU application, reaching maximal values at 24 hr. The magnitude of this effect was proportional to ultrasonic wave intensity (0.3 and 0.4 W/cm2). Posttreatment with naltrexone (5 mg/kg, s.c.) completely blocked the hypoalgesic effect of TU. Pretreatment with an opioid antagonist was unable to block the antinociceptive effect during the first 8 hr, suggesting that opioids are involved only in the latter phase of the TU effects. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in the infraorbital nerve were not increased by TU use, indicating that TU causes no injury or is at least insufficient to induce neutrophil migration. In conclusion, TU is an effective resource in a model of trigeminal neuropathic pain, with a mechanism involving opioid receptor activation, confirming its potential usefulness in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Snowy plover nest survival in Kansas and effective management to counter negative effects of precipitation
Authors: Sexson Matthew G. , Farley Greg H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSnowy plovers (Charadrius nivosus) are a species of conservation concern throughout North America and listed as a threatened species in Kansas. Management to minimize the effects of flooding and predation were implemented at Kansas breeding sites in the 1980s to encourage reproductive success. However, the effectiveness of those strategies and the effect of other variables that may influence nest survival have not been formally assessed. We used Program MARK to model the daily survival rate (DSR) of 317 snowy plover nests with 14 habitat‐ and management‐related covariates to identify factors that influence nest survival and examine the efficacy of current management practices. In 2005 and 2006, we monitored nests and collected habitat data at the 2 known breeding sites in Kansas, Quivira National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area (WA). Overall DSR was greater at Quivira NWR in 2006 (0.954) than at Cheyenne Bottoms WA (0.917) and Quivira NWR (0.942) in 2005. We developed 88 candidate models of which 4 competing models (ΔAICc < 2) were identified. We selected the most parsimonious model (K = 14, wi = 0.23) as the remaining 3 included covariates deemed biologically uninformative. This model included the effect of study site and year on a quadratic time trend, and included covariates quantifying nest age; precipitation; the proportion of gravel, rock, and vegetation at nests; occurrence within an electric fence and within 20 m of a road; occurrence on a human‐constructed nest mound; and adult capture during incubation. We found a strong positive relationship between the use of nest mounds and DSR, and a strong negative relationship between precipitation and DSR. We also found a strong positive relationship between DSR and the proportion of vegetation at nest sites, the occurrence of a nest within an electric fence, and adult capture at a nest. We noted a strong negative relationship between DSR and occurrence within 20 m of a road. However, we found that DSR was not sensitive to the proportion of vegetation at a nest, occurrence within an electric fence or within 20 m of a road, and to adult capture at a nest in light of covariates quantifying precipitation and the use of nest mounds. We found weak support for a positive relationship between DSR, nest age, and the proportion of gravel and rock at nests. Our results indicate that large rainfall events are a major source of snowy plover nest loss in Kansas that can be mitigated by the construction of nest mounds. Limited influence of environmental variables found to influence nest survival at other breeding sites suggests that threats to snowy plover nest survival are site specific and managers should assess local sources of nest loss prior to implementing management strategies to improve reproductive success. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Extensive fibrosis caused by Pleural Tuberculosis: A lesson from a case without post‐exposure‐prophylaxis
Authors: Emmrich Julius Valentin , Kamprad Manja , Sorge Ina , Hammerschmidt Stefan , Gradistanac Tanja , Schille Regine , Kiess Wieland , Prenzel Freerk 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe report the case of a 9‐year‐old boy with extensive pleural fibrosis and contraction of the affected hemithorax secondary to pleural tuberculosis (TB), who was successfully treated with a 6 months course of the standard WHO regimen. Although well described for the adult population, this complication is rare among children and to our knowledge, no such case has been described since the widespread introduction of antitubercular therapy in the 1950s. This case underscores the importance of appropriate follow‐up and administration of chemoprophylaxis after TB exposure. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:206–209. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exceptional flux compactifications
Authors: Dibitetto Giuseppe , Guarino Adolfo , Roest Diederik 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe consider type II (non-)geometric flux backgrounds in the absence of brane sources, and construct their explicit embedding into maximal gaugedD= 4 supergravity. This enables one to investigate the critical points, mass spectra and gauge groups of such backgrounds. We focus on a class of type IIA geometric vacua and find a novel, nonsupersymmetric and stable AdS vacuum in maximal supergravity with a non-semisimple gauge group. Our construction relies on a non-trivial mapping between SL(2) × SO(6,6) fluxes, SU(8) mass spectra and gaugings of E7(7)subgroups.
How to Study Contemporary Capitalism?
Authors: Streeck Wolfgang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe paper argues that contemporary capitalism must be studied as a society rather than an economy, and contemporary society as capitalist society. Capitalism is defined as a specific institutionalization of economic action in the form of a specifically dynamic system of social action, with a tendency to expand into, impose itself on and consume its non-economic and non-capitalist social and institutional context, unless contained by political resistance and regulation. The paper illustrates its perspective by four brief sketches, depicting contemporary capitalism as a historically dynamic social order, a culture, a polity, and a way of life. All four examples, it is claimed, demonstrate the superiority of a longitudinal-historical approach over static cross-sectional comparisons, and of focusing on the commonalities of national versions of capitalisms rather than their “varieties”.
Case of bilateral pneumolabyrinth presenting as sudden, bilateral deafness, without temporal bone fracture, after a fall
Authors: Lee E J , Yang Y S , Yoon Y J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:We report a case of bilateral pneumolabyrinth presenting as sudden, bilateral deafness, without temporal bone fracture, after a fall.Case report:A 49-year-old man presented with sudden, bilateral deafness and whirling vertigo, without any other neurological manifestations. Temporal bone computed tomography clearly demonstrated the presence of air in the vestibule and cochlea on both sides. However, there was no definite fracture line, ossicular chain anomaly or soft tissue density in the temporal bone or middle-ear cavity. The patient was treated conservatively. Unfortunately, there was no improvement in his hearing.Conclusion:Pneumolabyrinth is an uncommon condition in which air is present in the vestibule or cochlea. It is rarely found, even with fractures violating the otic capsule or with transverse fractures of the temporal bone. In addition, its bilateral occurrence is extremely rare. In this article, we describe a case of bilateral pneumolabyrinth presenting as sudden, bilateral deafness, without temporal bone fracture, an occurrence which has not previously been reported.
On Mordell–Weil groups of Jacobians over function fields
Authors: Ulmer Douglas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe study the arithmetic of abelian varieties over$K= k(t)$where$k$is an arbitrary field. The main result relates Mordell–Weil groups of certain Jacobians over$K$to homomorphisms of other Jacobians over$k$. Our methods also yield completely explicit points on elliptic curves with unbounded rank over${ \overline{ \mathbb{F} } }_{p} (t)$and a new construction of elliptic curves with moderately high rank over$ \mathbb{C} (t)$.
Depression assessment by oncologists and palliative care physicians
Authors: Rhondali Wadih , Perceau Elise , Saltel Pierre , Trillet-Lenoir Veronique , Blay Jean-Yves , Fournel-Federico Cecile , Coulon Jean-Pierre , Tredan Olivier , Terra Jean-Louis , Matillon Yves , Bruera Eduardo , Filbet Marilene 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:Depression is a frequent problem in cancer patients, which is known to reduce quality of life; however, many cancer patients with depression are not treated because of the difficulties in assessing depression in this population. Our aim was to evaluate and improve the depression assessment strategies of palliative care (PC) physicians and oncologists.Method:We invited all medical oncologists and PC physicians from three cancer centers to participate in this multicenter prospective study. They were asked to classify 22 symptoms (related and specific to depression in cancer patients, related but not specific, and unrelated) as “very important,” “important,” “less important,” or “not important” for the diagnosis of depression in cancer patients, at three different time points (at baseline, after a video education program, and after 4 weeks). They were also asked to complete a questionnaire exploring physicians' perceptions of depression and of their role in its systematic screening.Results:All 34 eligible physicians participated. Baseline performance was good, with >70% of participants correctly classifying at least seven of nine related and specific symptoms. We found no significant improvement in scores in the immediate and 4-week follow-up tests. Additionally, 24 (83%) and 23 (79%) participants expressed support for systematic depression screening and a role for oncologists in screening, respectively.Significance of results:Oncologists had good baseline knowledge about depression's main symptoms in cancer patients and a positive attitude toward being involved in screening. Underdiagnosis of depression is probably related to problems associated with the oncology working environment rather than the physicians' knowledge.
Mercury cycling in a flooded rice paddy
Authors: Rothenberg Sarah E. , Feng Xinbin 
Published: May 2012

In 2008 and 2009, mercury (Hg) cycling was investigated in a flooded rice paddy in the Wanshan Hg mining region of eastern Guizhou, China, in the rice‐planted (2008 and 2009) and fallow (2009) sections of the same paddy. In the rice‐planted section, pore water was more acidic and pore water methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were higher compared to the fallow section. However, iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) cycling differed in 2008 and 2009, with higher sediment Fe concentrations in 2009, when pore water MeHg and sulfate concentrations were more strongly correlated in the rice‐planted section. We explored whether elevated sediment Fe contributed to S cycling and hence, Hg(II)‐methylation. Critical pH values for formation of FeS(s) were estimated. Based on pore water pH collected in both sections of the paddy, the fallow section was more often a sink for FeS(s), while FeS(s) did not form in the rice‐planted section, although sulfide concentrations were low in both sections in both years (i.e.,<10 μM). We hypothesized Fe(III) oxidized sulfide, and intermediate S species (e.g., polysulfides) were further oxidized to sulfate instead of forming FeS(s), thus prolonging sulfate reduction and promoting Hg(II)‐methylation in the rice‐planted section in 2009. Results suggested Fe(III) reduction increased electron acceptors for sulfate‐reducing bacteria, which indirectly enhanced Hg(II)‐methylation. Additionally, highest sediment MeHg concentrations were observed in the fallow section after the paddy was dried and re‐wetted, indicating water‐saving rice cultivation practices (e.g., alternating wetting and drying), may cause MeHg concentrations in paddy soil to spike, which should be further investigated.
Fe
2+
binds iron responsive element-RNA, selectively changing protein-binding affinities and regulating mRNA repression and activation
Authors: Ma Jia , Haldar Suranjana , Khan Mateen A. , Sharma Sohani Das , Merrick William C. , Theil Elizabeth C. , Goss Dixie J. 
Published: May 2012

Iron increases synthesis rates of proteins encoded in iron-responsive element (IRE)-mRNAs; metabolic iron (“free,” “labile”) is Fe
2+
. The noncoding IRE-RNA structure, approximately 30 nt, folds into a stem loop to control synthesis of proteins in iron trafficking, cell cycling, and nervous system function. IRE-RNA riboregulators bind specifically to iron-regulatory proteins (IRP) proteins, inhibiting ribosome binding. Deletion of the IRE-RNA from an mRNA decreases both IRP binding and IRP-independent protein synthesis, indicating effects of other “factors.” Current models of IRE-mRNA regulation, emphasizing iron-dependent degradation/modification of IRP, lack answers about how iron increases IRE-RNA/IRP protein dissociation or how IRE-RNA, after IRP dissociation, influences protein synthesis rates. However, we observed Fe
2+
(anaerobic) or Mn
2+
selectively increase the IRE-RNA/IRP
K
D
. Here we show: (
i
) Fe
2+
binds to the IRE-RNA, altering its conformation (by 2-aminopurine fluorescence and ethidium bromide displacement); (
ii
) metal ions increase translation of IRE-mRNA in vitro; (
iii
) eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4F binds specifically with high affinity to IRE-RNA; (
iv
) Fe
2+
increased eIF4F/IRE-RNA binding, which outcompetes IRP binding; (
v
) exogenous eIF4F rescued metal-dependent IRE-RNA translation in eIF4F-depeleted extracts. The regulation by metabolic iron binding to IRE-RNA to decrease inhibitor protein (IRP) binding and increase activator protein (eIF4F) binding identifies IRE-RNA as a riboregulator.
Ultrafast photodriven intramolecular electron transfer from an iridium-based water-oxidation catalyst to perylene diimide derivatives
Authors: Vagnini Michael T. , Smeigh Amanda L. , Blakemore James D. , Eaton Samuel W. , Schley Nathan D. , D’Souza Francis , Crabtree Robert H. , Brudvig Gary W. , Co Dick T. , Wasielewski Michael R. 
Published: May 2012

Photodriving the activity of water-oxidation catalysts is a critical step toward generating fuel from sunlight. The design of a system with optimal energetics and kinetics requires a mechanistic understanding of the single-electron transfer events in catalyst activation. To this end, we report here the synthesis and photophysical characterization of two covalently bound chromophore-catalyst electron transfer dyads, in which the dyes are derivatives of the strong photooxidant perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) and the molecular catalyst is the Cp
∗
Ir(ppy)Cl metal complex, where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine. Photoexcitation of the PDI in each dyad results in reduction of the chromophore to PDI
•-
in less than 10 ps, a process that outcompetes any generation of
3∗
PDI by spin-orbit-induced intersystem crossing. Biexponential charge recombination largely to the PDI-Ir(III) ground state is suggestive of multiple populations of the PDI
•-
-Ir(IV) ion-pair, whose relative abundance varies with solvent polarity. Electrochemical studies of the dyads show strong irreversible oxidation current similar to that seen for model catalysts, indicating that the catalytic integrity of the metal complex is maintained upon attachment to the high molecular weight photosensitizer.
Impact of naval sonar signals on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) during summer feeding
Authors: Sivle Lise Doksæter , Kvadsheim Petter Helgevold , Ainslie Michael A. , Solow Andrew , Handegard Nils Olav , Nordlund Nina , Lam Frans-Peter A. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Sivle, L. D., Kvadsheim, P. H., Ainslie, M. A., Solow, A., Handegard, N. O. Nordlund, N., and Lam, F-P. A. 2012. Impact of naval sonar signals on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) during summer feeding. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1078–1085. Naval anti-submarine sonars produce intense sounds within the hearing range of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). In this study, schools of Atlantic herring were exposed to sonar signals of 1–2 kHz (low-frequency active sonar, LFAS) and 6–7 kHz (mid-frequency active sonar, MFAS) and playbacks of killer whale feeding sounds during their summer feeding migration in the Norwegian Sea. The fish schools neither significantly dived nor changed their packing density in response to the LFAS and MFAS transmissions received by the fish at estimated sound pressure levels (SPLs; RMS) up to 176 and 157 dB re 1 μPa and estimated cumulative sound exposure levels up to 181 and 162 dB re 1 μPa² s, respectively. In contrast, killer whale feeding sounds induced diving responses at received SPLs at ∼150 dB re 1 μPa. Herring behaviour was studied by using a 116-kHz hull mounted fishery sonar. This seems a promising method for studying the behaviour of free-ranging fish in situations in which other methods are difficult to use, such as migrating schools and fish close to the surface.