bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF HULL FORM VARIATIONS ON THE ROLL DAMPING OF WARSHIPS
Authors: GRAHAM ROSS 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe results of a study to identify warship hull form characteristics which maximize roll damping are described. The two main hull form characteristics which influence the roll damping of warships at the cruise speed are the separation of the appendages from the centre of gravity, and the form of the bilge. The influence of other hull characteristics is much less important. To maximize roll damping for a given set of appendages, the hull should be designed with a small bilge radius, and with the appendages located as far as possible from the centre of gravity. An example is given of two hulls with identical values of , B/T, CB, Cw, and CP with significantly different roll responses. These parameters should be chosen to optimize the pitch and heave characteristics of ships, and the bilge radius should be minimized to reduce roll.
SELECTION PARAMETERS FOR HYDRA ULIC SYSTEM FILTERS WITH A COMPARISON OF AIRCRAFT AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
Authors: WILCOX WAYNE K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAircraft designers have been pioneers in the use of high‐pressure hydraulic systems. Accordingly, hydraulic systems for ships and their filters have often been based on aircraft equipment and design practices. In this paper the criteria for design and selection of filters for aircraft and ships are compared. By considering important parameters, the designer can make a more intelligent choice in the selection of filters for a particular application. Parameters discussed include filter location, essentiality and duration of operation, logistic support requirements, and maintenance philosophy, including costs.
SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE MONITORING FOR SURFACE SHIPS (SEMMSS) PROGRAM
Authors: CHAPMAN CHARLES L. , JOLLEY RONALD 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe SEMMSS program is a little more than two years old and, like its submarine forerunner Submarine Maintenance Monitoring Support Office (SMMSO), provides many benefits to the fleet support community. Most of these benefits, such as improved readiness, improved repair definition, reduced voyage repairs, and continued technical contact with ships, are of special value. The program, when fully expanded to include combat systems, will provide a methodology for an integrated systems, whole‐ship approach to shipboard performance monitoring. This paper presents an overview of the SEMMSS program, addresses implementation of the combat systems portion of the program, and outlines efforts to document program effectiveness.
NFR‐90: INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS
Authors: JOHNSON ROBERT S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA brief summary of the history of the NFR‐90 program is presented. The international industrial aspects of the management, organization and operation of the International Joint Venture Company (IJVC) are discussed. They will be considered from the general viewpoint of an international program, as well as from the specific situation of the NFR‐90. This will include the effects of general culture, technical culture, managerial culture, language, work and leisure philosophy, and office environment.The U.S. contractor's role in the IJVC will be described including contractural, personnel and organizational relationships.The NFR‐90 program's concepts are presented and the difficulties to be overcome are discussed. Recommendations of the feasibility study that affect industry are described, including possible consequences on the industrial infrastructure. The concepts of centralized selection of major equipments, sharing, dual sourcing, coproduction, licensing, teaming, and international and industrial benefits are presented.
A DISCIPLINED APPROACH TO MACHINERY ARRANGEMENTS IN SHIP DESIGN
Authors: KINNEY EDWARD T. , FUNKHOUSER DOYLE F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an overview of the machinery arrangement function as an integral part of the ship design process. It discusses an iterative process of arriving at a machinery arrangement that meets the demanding requirements of naval ship operation, maintenance, and survivability within the constraints of a balanced ship design. Examples of the various tradeoffs and variables impacting machinery arrangements at each design phase are provided to illustrate the complex problem of producing a balanced design. This paper also briefly discusses the tools available to design or to critically evaluate alternative arrangements and to assess the impact of structural and hull changes as the ship design matures.
T‐AGOS 19: AN INNOVATIVE PROGRAM FOR AN INNOVATIVE DESIGN
Authors: COVICH PHILIP 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe T‐AGOS 19 is the Navy's first design of a large displacement SWATH ship. The highlights of the program and the approach used to develop the design are presented. The problems and shortcomings associated with this approach are discussed in detail. The paper also provides an overview of the design and summarizes the alternatives and major tradeoffs considered during the design evolution.
APPLICATION OF TITANIUM IN SHIPBOARD SEAWATER COOLING SYSTEMS
Authors: ADAMSON WAYNE L. , SCHUTZ RONALD W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTTitanium alloys are evaluated as an alternative to the current copper‐nickel components now employee in U.S. Navy surface ship seawater cooling systems. Titanium offers a solution to the accelerated seawater corrosion and erosion related attack being experienced in seawater systems aboard CG‐47 class cruisers as well as other ship classes and can provide a means for extending service life and substantially improving reliability. Both the positive and potentially negative aspects of utilizing titanium in piping and heat exchangers are reviewed. Titanium's excellent resistance to corrosion and erosion attack, good yield strength and relatively low density permit use of thinner‐walled, reduced diameter piping and heat exchanger tubing (relative to copper‐nickel) and thus offer reduced system weight and volume. System design strategies are discussed for eliminating or greatly mitigating the adverse effects of galvanic corrosion and marine biofouling, the two major concerns when applying titanium in seawater piping and heat exchanger systems.An overall assessment of titanium versus copper‐nickel alloys is provided with regard to piping and heat exchanger fabrication, cost, performance, design criteria, piping component (valves, pumps, etc.) selection criteria, and operational limitations. Specific topics addressed as part of that assessment include: (1) shipyard fabricability of titanium piping systems and onboard repair; (2) biofouling experience and biofouling control techniques with titanium in seawater; (3) galvanic corrosion effects when titanium is coupled to active (less noble) metals and the strategies for eliminating the risk of galvanic attack. The viability of titanium for surface ship seawater systems is summarized, and areas of future work are discussed with the intent of providing guidance for successful application of titanium in shipboard seawater systems.
AEGIS CRUISER SHIP SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENTS
Authors: HOLMES RICHARD W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe CG‐47 class design process differed from some other ship design processes (such as DD‐963, FFG‐7, or DDG‐51) in that it had to start from a fixed baseline, the DD‐963 and DDG‐993. Commonality with DD‐963 propulsion, electrical, auxiliaries, and hull systems were the design guidelines. The advantage of this philosophy was to get Aegis technology to sea quickly, in a proven hull form. This approach, however, had the disadvantage of fitting more equipment and accommodations into the same hull and inherited DD‐963 class problems. This did not necessarily force CG‐47 class ships to be built with known deficiencies, however. Through a dedicated ship systems engineering effort, equipment and systems changes and improvements were made and advantage was taken of new technology in the design of USS Ticonderoga (CG‐47), and even later follow‐on cruisers. This paper describes some of the major HM & E improvements and technical initiatives introduced into CG‐47 class ships. The paper presents a synopsis of ten ship systems case studies, followed by three examples of current projects that offer promise. The critical elements of management philosophy are summarized.
AEGIS CRUISER WEIGHT REDUCTION AND CONTROL
Authors: STAIMAN ROBERT C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe weight and stability of the CG‐47 class Aegis cruisers have been the subject of much discussion and publicity, both favorable and unfavorable, since the initial inclining of USS Ticonderoga in April 1982. The weight and moment history of the class from the preliminary design of CG‐47 through the delivery of CG‐52 are discussed with a historical perspective on the reasons for the weight growth and KG rise on CG‐47 and the subsequent efforts undertaken to control them through weight reduction programs and major redesign of the class beginning with CG‐52. The paper shows that past trends of follow‐on ships increasing in weight can be reversed and shows the methodology utilized by the Navy in the Aegis cruiser program in reducing the weight of follow‐on Aegis cruisers.
THE ROLE OF PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF A WEAPONS SYSTEM
Authors: BAILEY JOHN L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTPerformance analysis is the process of determining the predicted performance of a weapons system. It is generally used to examine predicted performance of systems in a variety of configurations and operational situations; it is accomplished through a variety of techniques, from the computation of straightforward algebraic functions to complex computer simulations.Performance analysis is necessary throughout the life‐cycle of weapons systems. It is used to help determine original requirements, for conceptual and detailed design, and to support operational planning and determine upgrade requirements. The development, maintenance, and consistent application of a set of system specific performance analysis methods have enhanced the development of many weapons systems. This paper is in the form of a tutorial on the application of performance analysis techniques, using the development of the Aegis weapons system as a source of examples, and stressing the value of performance analysis methods which have been designed specifically for the Aegis system.
SPACE LAYOUT DESIGN USING COMPUTER ASSISTED METHODS
Authors: CORT A. , HILLS W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe paper describes work which is being carried out as part of a collaborative research programme between the British warshipbuilding company, Yarrow Shipbuilders Ltd., and the Department of Naval Architecture at The University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.Recent developments in CAD have made available to the designer a wide range of hardware and software which encourage the application of interactive, graphics‐based design procedures. Such methods can be of significant benefit in modern warships design where the optimal utilization of ‘space’ is a primary design goal.Two facets which influence and control space management systems are the adjacency of functional areas and the environment into which a space is to be placed. Recent work concerned with the geometric representation and manipulation of architectural arrangements has been adapted for use in marine vehicle design. An optimal design procedure which utilizes the theory of fuzzy sets is used to achieve the general layout of space which allows the delineation of the main compartments of a vessel. The hull envelope can be generated using a surface generation module or by using previously faired basis ship offsets held in a data base.Having defined the compartmental configuration of the functional spaces the next level of design is concerned with a more detailed consideration of compartments, or groups of compartments and the equipment and systems they contain.Equipment is defined in terms of ergonomic envelopes, geometry and connectivity of services etc. The attributes of a 3‐D graphics workstation are used, in conjunction with an equipment library, to provide an effective detailed design procedure. The layout of equipment in spaces usually concerns the achievement of goals which conflict or have different priorities. The use of optimal goal programming techniques is suggested as a way of solving the multi‐objective problem.As illustrative examples of the method the layout of the victual complex and dining areas for a small warship are generated.
DIALABLE ORIFICE FOR CONDENSATE SYSTEMS
Authors: HULL OLIVER 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe use of an orifice goes back to the beginning of steam systems. Steam traps were developed to solve the problems of fluctuating boiler pressures and impurities in the condensate which caused clogging and erosion of orifices.Steam generation has become more sophisticated and efficient. Studies to improve this efficiency have led to the conclusion that steam traps waste energy and when they fail, which they must, cause major steam losses. The U.S. Navy has determined that significant fuel savings can be made by replacing traps with orifices.Over the past few years, programs have been promulgated by the U.S. Navy to replace traps with orifices. Problems as to proper orifice size and strainer clogging have been experienced.The dialable orifice was developed to correct these problems and to permit ease of orifice size selection. The dialable orifice incorporates the orifice disc, stop valves, strainer, and check valve in one compact unit, reducing installation costs and minimizing onboard repair parts.
AUTOMATED RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE EVALUATION SYSTEM
Authors: GRAY GARY E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTSafety of gun ammunition is of primary concern to the Navy. An inbore detonation during a mission is one of the deadliest scenarios to a fighting ship. Numerous inbores during the Vietnam conflict led to investigations which subsequently resulted in the requirement to 100% x‐ray screen all fuze assets and future fuzes produced. This labor intensive and costly process was then the best solution for eliminating the fuze as a safety problem. In 1982, Naval Weapons Support Center Crane initiated the Automated Real‐Time Imaging Systems Technology (ARTIST) program to utilize state‐of‐the‐art technologies in image acquisition, processing and analysis techniques to automate the x‐ray screening of fuzes for safety defects. Naval Weapons Support Center Crane developed the performance specifications and acquired an Automated Radio‐graphic Image Evaluation System (ARIES) which met all baseline system requirement. ARIES has proven to be a successful system with the Navy benefiting greatly through lower inspection costs and more importantly, higher inspection confidence by eliminating the human operator/film reader uncertainty. Through this cooperative development effort with private industry, all businesses and industries may benefit from the now emerged technology of automated x‐ray inspection.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN NAVAL ENGINEERING
Authors: HARTMAN PATRICK J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the historical oscillations of artificial intelligence (AI). It traces the very beginnings from 1956 at the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, through the depressions of the 1960s and 1970s, to the exponentially increasing number of successful applications in the mid‐1980s. It shows how to select problems which can be solved with the aid of expert systems. The paper also identifies areas such as common sense reasoning, automated machine learning, and complex design synthesis which are now beyond the state of the art and will be for years to come.Artificial intelligence programs are able to diagnose faults and classify solutions in narrowly defined specialties even when the data is “fuzzy,” but they have not exhibited autonomous “thinking.” Just as conventional computer programming has alleviated the burden of calculating, AI expert systems will streamline the processing of logical data. Both of these computer techniques are cost effective when they are applied to well defined tasks, since computers are faster than people and error free for routine tasks.
DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (DMS) —ASPECTS OF FLEET INTRODUCTION
Authors: BLACKWELL LUTHER M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Data Multiplex System (DMS) is a general‐purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1990–2000 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of DMS has increased as various digital control systems throughout naval ships have adopted distributed processing architectures and reconfigurable control consoles, and as the quantity of remotely sensed and controlled equipment throughout the ship has increased manyfold over what it was in past designs.Instead of miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, DMS will meet information transfer needs with general‐purpose multiplex cable that will be installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of DMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, will free both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules, and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems.This paper describes the DMS system as it is currently being introduced into the fleet by the U.S. Navy. The results of its design and implementation in the DDG‐51 and LHD‐1 class ships are also presented.
AIR CUSHION VEHICLES FOR ARCTIC OPERATION
Authors: KOLESER JEFFREY , LAVIS DAVID R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe paper presents the results of the NavSea FY8S Surface Ship CONFORM Design Study for an initial operational capability (IOC) year‐2000 air cushion vehicle (ACV) suitable for logistics and for general search and rescue duties in the Arctic. The study is one of several design studies produced each year by the CONFORM program to provide OpNav with alternative feasible ship concepts for varying IOC dates and to provide R&D planners with feedback regarding R&D alternatives. Two complete feasibility designs were developed. The first design was developed with the aid of an ACV design synthesis math model. The second design evolved as a derivative of an existing U.S. production craft and, as such, offered a lower risk approach. The results of performance and cost trade‐off studies are presented from which it is concluded that gas turbines are the preferred choice of power plants and aluminum alloy is the preferred choice of hull structural material. The most suitable skirt height was found to be approximately 12 ft.
HEAT TRANSFER STUDIES ON A ROCKET NOZZLE FOR NAVAL APPLICATION
Authors: DAS DEBENDRA K. , MOORE GLEN R. , BOYER CHARLES T. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTHeat transfer results are presented here for a rocket nozzle that uses aluminized solid propellant. The Solid Performance Computer Program (SPP) was employed to calculate the two‐dimensional, two‐phase flow properties inside the nozzle. Utilizing the properties of particle phase obtained from this program, calculations were made for the heat flux due to particle impingement. Predictions are also presented for convective and radiative heat transfer along the nozzle surface. A comparison was made to assess the magnitudes of various modes of heat transfer. The methodology and results presented in this paper should provide useful data to designers of new rocket nozzles and should aid studies to improve the design of existing nozzles.
COST MINIMIZATION DURING SECOND SOURCING
Authors: GWOZDZ FRANK 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis study attempts to develop strategies to minimize the negative cost impacts associated with selecting and awarding second source contracts. A number of factors are presented that may impact costs when second sources are used. Eight methods for determining sizes of prime and second source competitive award splits are reviewed. The analysis also includes an historical and economic overview. Economic market conditions are reviewed and applied to second sourcing. Finally, conclusions are formulated about minimizing costs, countering economic market conditions, and contractor gaming.
SIMPLIFICATION OF GAS TURBINE INTAKE ANTI‐ICE SYSTEMS
Authors: EXELL R. , KILLINGER ARTHUR 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the steps taken to simplify the gas turbine intake anti‐ice systems on DD‐963 and DDG‐993 class ships. The anti‐ice system was designed and built as fully‐automatic protection against intake duct icing on main propulsion turbines and electric generator turbines. Operating experience with the system indicated that it was nonfunctional more than 60% of the time. The system's poor availability was caused by its complexity, lack of use, lack of spare parts, poor training and documentation, and design and material problems.A Navy Independent Design Review Team (IDRT) reexamined the technical bases for installing an automatic anti‐ice system and demonstrated that automatic control was not necessary for gas turbine intake duct anti‐icing. A series of design review calculations and shipboard tests confirmed that anti‐icing protection could be provided by manual control of installed butterfly valves feeding hot air to each turbine intake. The time from the IDRT design simplification recommendations to the first modification of the anti‐ice system was less than one year. To date, half of the 30 of the 35 ships in the two classes have been modified. This system simplification will result in life cycle maintenance cost savings in excess of 13 million dollars. Future CG‐47 class and DDG‐51 class ships will include this simplified approach to anti‐ice system design for gas turbine intakes.
THE ENGINEERING SYNDROME VS. THE MANPOWER, PERSONNEL AND TRAINING DILEMMA
Authors: GRAINE GEORGE N. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe engineering syndrome takes us technologically to a point that is faster, farther, higher or deeper than ever before. Unfortunately, the human component gets lost in the equation. Humans have several limitations which are not clearly recognized by weapon system program managers, and thus the people component receives only limited consideration during the system design process.A weapon system is the sum of hardware and manpower. Without trained and qualified operators and maintainers, systems will not fulfill their designated mission. This is the essence of the HARDMAN Program, an acronym which means military manpower/hardware integration. OpNav Instruction 5311.7 of 12 August 1985 directs that all weapon and total ship developers conduct front end manpower and training analysis at the conceptual stage of Navy acquisitions. The rationale for focus on the earliest phase is because this is where the greatest commitment of personnel resources is made when one considers the life cycle spectrum.In the past, equipment design determined manpower and training requirements rather than being considered as a part of an interactive procedure in which manpower and training requirements were viewed as a component of the system and thus integrated with the design requirements. To complicate things even further, supportability of human resource requirements was not often addressed before the program decisions concerning new hardware procurements were made.A favorable endorsement of the HARDMAN Program will improve the management and control of limited Navy personnel management resource requirements growth in terms of affordability and availability during all phases of weapon system acquisition and development and will improve the weapon system product.