bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling and predicting annual rainfall over the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) using SARIMA
Authors: Minh Huynh Vuong Thu , Van Ty Tran , Nam Nguyen Dinh Giang , Lien Bui Thi Bich , Thanh Nguyen Truong , Cong Nguyen Phuoc , Meraj Gowhar , Kumar Pankaj , Van Thinh Lam , Van Duy Dinh , Van Toan Nguyen , Downes Nigel K. , Bhuyan Md. Simul , Kanga Shruti , Singh Suraj Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate and rainfall are extremely non-linear and complicated phenomena, which require numerical modelling to simulate for accurate prediction. We obtained local historical rainfall data for 12 meteorological stations in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) for the 45-year period 1978–2022, to predict annual rainfall trends. A statistical time series predicting technique was used based on the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. We utilized the seasonal ARIMA process of the form (p,1,q)(P,1,Q) for our study area. The best seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models were then selected based on the autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF), the minimum values of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Schwarz Bayesian Information (SBC). The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model with external regressors (SARIMAX) was discovered, and a series of SARIMA models of various orders were estimated and diagnosed. To evaluate model fitting, we used the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (Nash) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The study has shown that the SARIMA (1, 1, 1)(2, 1, 1)11 and SARIMA (1, 1, 1)(2, 1, 1)12 model were appropriate for analyzing and forecasting future rainfall patterns at particular meteorological station in the VMD. The results showed the SARIMA model is more reliable and provides more accurate projections than other commonly used statistical methods, notably interval forecasts. We found that interpretable and reliable near-term location-specific rainfall predicts can be provided by the SARIMA-based statistical predicting model.
An Inconsistent ENSO Response to Northern Hemisphere Stadials Over the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Glaubke Ryan H. , Schmidt Matthew W. , Hertzberg Jennifer E. , Ward Lenzie G. , Marcantonio Franco , Schimmenti Danielle , Thirumalai Kaustubh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe dynamics shaping the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation's (ENSO) response to present and future climate change remain unclear, partly due to limited paleo‐ENSO records spanning past abrupt climate events. Here, we measure Mg/Ca ratios on individual foraminifera to reconstruct east Pacific subsurface temperature variability, a proxy for ENSO variability, across the last 25,000 years, including the millennial‐scale events of the last deglaciation. Combining these data with proxy system model output reveals divergent ENSO responses to Northern Hemisphere stadials: enhanced variability during Heinrich Stadial 1 (H1) and reduced variability during the Younger Dryas (YD), relative to the Holocene. H1 ENSO likely intensified through meltwater‐induced changes to ocean/atmospheric circulation, a response observed in models, but the lack of a similar response during the YD challenges model simulations. We suggest the tropical Pacific mean state during H1 primed ENSO for larger fluctuations under meltwater forcing, whereas the YD mean state likely buffered against it.
Direct Observation of Magnetic Reconnection Resulting From Interaction Between Magnetic Flux Rope and Magnetic Hole in the Earth's Magnetosheath
Authors: Wang Shimou , Wang Rongsheng , Lu Quanming , Lu San , Huang Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe report in situ observation of magnetic reconnection between magnetic flux rope (MFR) and magnetic hole (MH) in the magnetosheath by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The MFR was rooted in the magnetopause and could be generated by magnetopause reconnection therein. A thin current sheet was generated due to the interaction between MFR and MH. The sub‐Alfvénic ion bulk flow and the Hall field were detected inside this thin current sheet, indicating an ongoing reconnection. An elongated electron diffusion region characterized by non‐frozen‐in electrons, magnetic‐to‐particle energy conversion, and crescent‐shaped electron distribution was detected in the reconnection exhaust. The observation provides a mechanism for the dissipation of MFRs and thus opens a new perspective on the evolution of MFRs at the magnetopause. Our work also reveals one potential fate of the MHs in the magnetosheath which could reconnect with the MFRs and further merge into the magnetopause.
Phase and Amplitude Changes in Rainfall Annual Cycle Over Global Land Monsoon Regions Under Global Warming
Authors: Lv Songxin , Song Fengfei , Dong Hongqiang , Wu Lixin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLand monsoon rainfall has a distinct annual cycle. Under global warming, whether the phase and amplitude of this annual cycle would be changed is still unclear. Here, a global investigation is conducted using 34 CMIP6 and 34 CMIP5 models under a high emission scenario. Seasonal delays would occur in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) American (3.43 days), Northern Hemisphere (NH) African (5.98 days) and SH African (3.76 days) monsoon regions, while no robust signal is found in other monsoon regions. Except NH American monsoon, amplitude is enhanced in all the monsoon regions. Compared to amplitude, the phase changes dominate the future changes of precipitation in the SH American, NH African and SH African monsoon regions. In these phase‐dominated regions, atmospheric energetic framework is proved to be reliable at regional scale and the enhanced effective atmospheric heat capacity is found to be the dominant factor.
Bering Strait Ocean Heat Transport Drives Decadal Arctic Variability in a High‐Resolution Climate Model
Authors: Li Yuchen , Weijer Wilbert , Kurtakoti Prajvala , Veneziani Milena , Chang Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigate the role of ocean heat transport (OHT) in driving the decadal variability of the Arctic climate by analyzing the pre‐industrial control simulation of a high‐resolution climate model. While the OHT variability at 65°N is greater in the Atlantic, we find that the decadal variability of Arctic‐wide surface temperature and sea ice area is much better correlated with Bering Strait OHT than Atlantic OHT. In particular, decadal Bering Strait OHT variability causes significant changes in local sea ice cover and air‐sea heat fluxes, which are amplified by shortwave feedbacks. These heat flux anomalies are regionally balanced by longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere, without compensation by atmospheric heat transport (Bjerknes compensation). The sensitivity of the Arctic to changes in OHT may thus rely on an accurate representation of the heat transport through the Bering Strait, which is difficult to resolve in coarse‐resolution ocean models.
The Roles of Winter Versus Summer Precipitation in Supplying Evapotranspiration Across US Ecoregions: A Cross‐Catchment End‐Member‐Splitting Analysis
Authors: Kesting Helen M. , Allen Scott T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how changing seasonal precipitation will affect ecosystems and water resources can benefit from understanding how precipitation from different seasons contributes to runoff versus evapotranspiration (ET). We use stable‐isotope data from 23 National Ecological Observatory Network watersheds to quantify the fractions of winter and summer precipitation that supply ET, and the fractions of ET supplied by summer versus winter precipitation. Across 20 watersheds, 34%–101% of summer precipitation supplied ET, with 8%–105% of ET supplied by summer precipitation; these end‐member‐splitting solutions were poorly constrained in the other three watersheds. These precipitation partitioning fractions were significantly correlated with many topographic, climatic, and vegetation metrics. This first empirical study of seasonal precipitation partitioning fractions across diverse ecoregions demonstrates that they can be well‐constrained in many locations using existing public data sets, and that partitioning‐fraction variations are largely explained by climate variations.
CREB1 promotes expression of immune checkpoint HLA-E leading to immune escape in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ismael Aya , Robinette Allen J. , Huric Laila , Schuetz Jamie , Dona Kameron , Benson Don , Cocucci Emanuele , Cottini Francesca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) cells effectively escape anti-tumoral immunity to survive in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we identify non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule HLA-E as a major contributing factor in immune escape. Clinically, HLA-E expression correlates with aggressive disease features such as t(4;14) and CD56 expression and is induced by IFN-gamma (IFN-γ) in the TME. We discovered that HLA-E is regulated by cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) transcription factor by direct promoter binding; genomic and pharmacological inhibition of CREB1 reduced HLA-E levels even in the presence of IFN-γ or IFN-γ activating agents, such as immunomodulatory drugs and panobinostat. HLA-E binds to natural killer group 2A (NKG2A), delivering an inhibitor signal to natural killer (NK) cells. Treatment with a CREB1 inhibitor was able to restore NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against MM cell lines and patient samples. In conclusion, our results strongly demonstrate that CREB1 inhibition promotes anti-tumoral immunity in MM by limiting HLA-E expression and enhancing the activity of NK cells.
Stable diffusion gradients in microfluidic conduits bounded by fluid walls
Authors: Nebuloni Federico , Deroy Cyril , Cook Peter R. , Walsh Edmond J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAssays mimicking in vitro the concentration gradients triggering biological responses like those involved in fighting infections and blood clotting are essential for biomedical research. Microfluidic assays prove especially attractive as they allow precise control of gradient shape allied to a reduction in scale. Conventional microfluidic devices are fabricated using solid plastics that prevent direct access to responding cells. Fluid-walled microfluidics allows the manufacture of circuits on standard Petri dishes in seconds, coupled to simple operating methods; cell-culture medium sitting in a standard dish is confined to circuits by fluid walls made of an immiscible fluorocarbon. We develop and experimentally validate an analytical model of diffusion between two or more aqueous streams flowing at different rates into a fluid-walled conduit with the cross-section of a circular segment. Unlike solid walls, fluid walls morph during flows as pressures fall, with wall shape changing down the conduit. The model is validated experimentally for Fourier numbers < 0.1 using fluorescein diffusing between laminar streams. It enables a priori prediction of concentration gradients throughout a conduit, so allowing rapid circuit design as well as providing bio-scientists with an accurate way of predicting local concentrations of bioactive molecules around responsive and non-responsive cells.
Optimized RNA interference therapeutics combined with interleukin-2 mRNA for treating hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Zai Wenjing , Yang Min , Jiang Kuan , Guan Juan , Wang Huijing , Hu Kongying , Huang Chao , Chen Jieliang , Fu Wei , Zhan Changyou , Yuan Zhenghong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a pan-genotypic and multifunctional small interfering RNA (siRNA) against hepatitis B virus (HBV) with an efficient delivery system for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and explore combined RNA interference (RNAi) and immune modulatory modalities for better viral control. Twenty synthetic siRNAs targeting consensus motifs distributed across the whole HBV genome were designed and evaluated. The lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation was optimized by adopting HO-PEG2000-DMG lipid and modifying the molar ratio of traditional polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid in LNP prescriptions. The efficacy and safety of this formulation in delivering siHBV (tLNP/siHBV) along with the mouse IL-2 (mIL-2) mRNA (tLNP/siHBVIL2) were evaluated in the rAAV-HBV1.3 mouse model. A siRNA combination (terms “siHBV”) with a genotypic coverage of 98.55% was selected, chemically modified, and encapsulated within an optimized LNP (tLNP) of high efficacy and security to fabricate a therapeutic formulation for CHB. The results revealed that tLNP/siHBV significantly reduced the expression of viral antigens and DNA (up to 3log10 reduction; vs PBS) in dose- and time-dependent manners at single-dose or multi-dose frequencies, with satisfactory safety profiles. Further studies showed that tLNP/siHBVIL2 enables additive antigenic and immune control of the virus, via introducing potent HBsAg clearance through RNAi and triggering strong HBV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses by expressed mIL-2 protein. By adopting tLNP as nucleic acid nanocarriers, the co-delivery of siHBV and mIL-2 mRNA enables synergistic antigenic and immune control of HBV, thus offering a promising translational therapeutic strategy for treating CHB.
Fifteen-year recall period on zirconia-based single crowns and fixed dental prostheses. A prospective observational study
Authors: Khijmatgar Shahnawaz , Tumedei Margherita , Tartaglia Guilia , Crescentini Michele , Isola Gaetano , Sidoti Ernesto , Sforza Chiarella , Del Fabbro Massimo , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of zirconia-based prostheses used for tooth-supported or implant-supported single crowns and fixed dental prostheses (FPD).

Methods
The authors conducted a prospective analysis of 562 zirconia core restorations supported by endodontically treated teeth or titanium implant in 276 patients in a general dental private practice, with a follow-up period of 15 years. The study was stopped after patients achieved 15 yrs of follow-up. The study analyzed the failure and complication rates of single and multiple crowns, based on Kaplan Meier analysis.

Results
During follow-up period, there were 26 complications and 156 failures. The crown level analysis revealed a cumulative failure rate of 28.33% and complication rate of 8.47% for zirconia crowns after 15 years. The complication rate was found to be higher for titanium implant-supported than for natural teeth-supported crowns. The different types of crown-based failure include: veener fracture 5.01% (N = 29), metal zirconia led to 14.85% (N = 86) loss of retention, and 1.73% (N = 10) loss of crown due to extraction.

Conclusion
Based on these findings, zirconia core restorations appear to be a reliable long-term solution for crowns and fixed dental prostheses.

Clinical relevance
The study suggests that zirconia restorations can be successfully used for long-term prostheses on natural teeth or implants supported. The study results provide clinicians valuable information when selecting prosthetic restorations material.
Construction of a digital twin of chronic graft vs. host disease patients with standard of care
Authors: Li Gen , Chen Yi-Bin , Peachey Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is an unmet medical need for new clinical trials to evaluate novel therapies in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD). Disease rarity, ethical issues regarding placebo arms, time, and cost impede clinical trial conduct. Digital twin (DT) technology enables virtual clinical trial arm construction using historical data, circumventing these obstacles. We evaluated the feasibility of constructing a DT trial arm using a large database of real-world clinical trial data and performed an efficacy assessment of a standard-of-care (SOC) drug to examine agreement with literature data. We constructed a flGvHD DT cohort (cGvHD patients at first-line treatment) (2042 patients; 32 cohorts) using the Trial Accelerator™ Digital Twin platform and derived an SOC arm from this cohort (flGvHD DT SOC cohort) (438 patients; eight cohorts); we analyzed the efficacy of SOC (prednisone) (overall response rate (ORR)) at six months. Our analysis results are in agreement with literature: flGvHD DT: disease onset time: 7.58 months post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation; most used graft source: peripheral blood stem cells; flGvHD DT SOC: ORR at six months for prednisone: 52.7%. It is feasible to construct a DT cohort using existing clinical trial data; a DT SOC arm can potentially replace a control arm in clinical trials.
An update on the tumor-suppressive functions of the RasGAP protein DAB2IP with focus on therapeutic implications
Authors: De Florian Fania Rossella , Bellazzo Arianna , Collavin Licio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe dynamic crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells is a major determinant of cancer aggressiveness. The tumor-suppressor DAB2IP (Disabled homolog 2 interacting protein) plays an important role in this context, since it modulates cell responses to multiple extracellular inputs, including inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. DAB2IP is a RasGAP and negatively controls Ras-dependent mitogenic signals. In addition, it modulates other major oncogenic pathways, including TNFα/NF-κB, WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, and androgen receptor signaling. In line with its tumor-suppressive role, DAB2IP is frequently inactivated in cancer by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including promoter methylation, microRNA-mediated downregulation, and protein-protein interactions. Intriguingly, some observations suggest that downregulation of DAB2IP in cells of the tumor stroma could foster establishment of a pro-metastatic microenvironment. This review summarizes recent insights into the tumor-suppressive functions of DAB2IP and the consequences of its inactivation in cancer. In particular, we explore potential approaches aimed at reactivating DAB2IP, or augmenting its expression levels, as a novel strategy in cancer treatment. We suggest that reactivation or upregulation of DAB2IP would concurrently attenuate multiple oncogenic pathways in both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, with implications for improved treatment of a broad spectrum of tumors.
Nodal degree centrality in the default mode-like network of the TgF344-AD Alzheimer’s disease rat model as a measure of early network alterations
Authors: Amiri Saba , van den Berg Monica , Nazem-Zadeh Mohammad-Reza , Verhoye Marleen , Amiri Mahmood , Keliris Georgios A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates brain network alterations in the default mode-like network (DMLN) at early stages of disease progression in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with application in the development of early diagnostic biomarkers of AD in translational studies. Thirteen male TgF344-AD (TG) rats, and eleven male wild-types (WT) littermates underwent longitudinal resting-state fMRI at the age of 4 and 6 months (pre and early-plaque stages of AD). Alterations in connectivity within DMLN were characterized by calculating the nodal degree (ND), a graph theoretical measure of centrality. The ND values of the left CA2 subregion of the hippocampus was found to be significantly lower in the 4-month-old TG cohort compared to the age-matched WT littermates. Moreover, a lower ND value (hypo-connectivity) was observed in the right prelimbic cortex (prL) and basal forebrain in the 6-month-old TG cohort, compared to the same age WT cohort. Indeed, the ND pattern in the DMLN in both TG and WT cohorts showed significant differences across the two time points that represent pre-plaque and early plaque stages of disease progression. Our findings indicate that lower nodal degree (hypo-connectivity) in the left CA2 in the pre-plaque stage of AD and hypo-connectivity between the basal forebrain and the DMLN regions in the early-plaque stage demonstrated differences in comparison to healthy controls. These results suggest that a graph-theoretical measure such as the nodal degree, can characterize brain networks and improve our insights into the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease.
Transcriptome analysis of cynomolgus macaques throughout their lifespan reveals age-related immune patterns
Authors: Cho Hyeon-Mu , Choe Se-Hee , Lee Ja-Rang , Park Hye-Ri , Ko Min-Gyeong , Lee Yun-Jung , Lee Hwal-Yong , Park Sung Hyun , Park Sang-Je , Kim Young-Hyun , Huh Jae-Won 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite the different perspectives by diverse research sectors spanning several decades, aging research remains uncharted territory for human beings. Therefore, we investigated the transcriptomic characteristics of eight male healthy cynomolgus macaques, and the annual sampling was designed with two individuals in four age groups. As a laboratory animal, the macaques were meticulously shielded from all environmental factors except aging. The results showed recent findings of certain immune response and the age-associated network of primate immunity. Three important aging patterns were identified and each gene clusters represented a different immune response. The increased expression pattern was predominantly associated with innate immune cells, such as Neutrophils and NK cells, causing chronic inflammation with aging whereas the other two decreased patterns were associated with adaptive immunity, especially “B cell activation” affecting antibody diversity of aging. Furthermore, the hub gene network of the patterns reflected transcriptomic age and correlated with human illness status, aiding in future human disease prediction. Our macaque transcriptome profiling results offer systematic insights into the age-related immunological features of primates.
Facemask acne attenuation through modulation of indirect microbiome interactions
Authors: Na Han-Hee , Kim Seil , Kim Jun‐Seob , Lee Soohyun , Kim Yeseul , Kim Su-Hyun , Lee Choong-Hwan , Kim Dohyeon , Yoon Sung Ho , Jeong Haeyoung , Kweon Daehyuk , Seo Hwi Won , Ryu Choong-Min 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, facemasks played a pivotal role in preventing person-person droplet transmission of viral particles. However, prolonged facemask wearing causes skin irritations colloquially referred to as ‘maskne’ (mask + acne), which manifests as acne and contact dermatitis and is mostly caused by pathogenic skin microbes. Previous studies revealed that the putative causal microbes were anaerobic bacteria, but the pathogenesis of facemask-associated skin conditions remains poorly defined. We therefore characterized the role of the facemask-associated skin microbiota in the development of maskne using culture-dependent and -independent methodologies. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the majority of the facemask microbiota were anaerobic bacteria that originated from the skin rather than saliva. Previous work demonstrated direct interaction between pathogenic bacteria and antagonistic strains in the microbiome. We expanded this analysis to include indirect interaction between pathogenic bacteria and other indigenous bacteria classified as either ‘pathogen helper (PH)’ or ‘pathogen inhibitor (PIn)’ strains. In vitro screening of bacteria isolated from facemasks identified both strains that antagonized and promoted pathogen growth. These data were validated using a mouse skin infection model, where we observed attenuation of symptoms following pathogen infection. Moreover, the inhibitor of pathogen helper (IPH) strain, which did not directly attenuate pathogen growth in vitro and in vivo, functioned to suppress symptom development and pathogen growth indirectly through PH inhibitory antibacterial products such as phenyl lactic acid. Taken together, our study is the first to define a mechanism by which indirect microbiota interactions under facemasks can control symptoms of maskne by suppressing a skin pathogen.