bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Reported Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Alcohol‐Related Problems: A Comparative Risk‐Curve Analysis of the 3 Baltic Countries, Sweden, and Italy
Authors: Landberg Jonas 
Published: October 2011

Background:  Previous research has suggested a positive risk‐relationship between volume of consumption and adverse behavioral and social consequences of drinking. However, because the risk‐relationship may be modified by factors such as pattern of drinking, attributes of social drinking contexts, and drunken comportment, the shape of the risk‐function appear to be contingent upon the larger cultural context of drinking.
Methods:  In this article, I use graphical risk‐curve analyses and model estimations to assess how the risk of experiencing alcohol‐related problems is associated with self‐reported volume of alcohol consumption in the 3 Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) as well as Sweden and Italy. The analysis utilized data from 2 general population surveys (including Sweden plus Italy and the Baltic countries, respectively) with approximately 1,000 respondents from each country.
Results:  The risk‐curves for the 3 Baltic countries and Sweden were fairly parallel and clearly steeper than that for Italy. In the logistic regression models, the country‐specific Baltic estimates were not entirely homogenous; for Estonia and Latvia, the estimates were similar to that for Sweden and significantly larger than that for Italy, whereas the estimate for Lithuania did not differ significantly from that for Italy. However, the negative binominal regression models suggested that increasing volume of consumption is associated with the risk of experiencing a larger number of different problems in all 3 Baltic countries and Sweden than in Italy. Overall, the result thus suggests that there is a significant relationship between volume of consumption and risk of experiencing alcohol‐related problems in all countries but that the relationship generally is stronger in the Baltic countries and Sweden than in Italy.
Conclusions:  The results were largely in line with the hypothesis of a European north to south gradient in the strength of the risk‐relationship, but also add that most Baltic countries may be placed alongside the Nordic countries in this context. Because only volume of consumption is considered, the results cannot be used to specify which factors and mechanisms that actually modify the shape of the risk‐function in each culture.
Effect of resource gradient on age and size at maturity and their influence on early‐life fecundity in the predatory Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Agarwala B. K. , Bhowmik P. J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVariation in food availability impacts the performance of insects in terms of their size and age to maturity and fecundity. Age at maturity determines how quickly individuals in a population can start to reproduce and how much they can reproduce. Results from studies on various insect species show that food availability influences the size and fecundity of adult females. It is predicted that under poor growth conditions, variation in size is low, but variation in age at maturity is considerable. This prediction was examined in a widely distributed lady beetle species, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a predator of aphids and coccids. Using a food gradient from low to high aphid prey density, performance of females that were reared on excess food was recorded for pre‐reproductive duration, size at reproductive maturity, number of aphids consumed, and fecundity in the first 10 days of their reproductive period. Results suggested that female H. axyridis that were reared on surplus food when kept at low prey density (poor growth condition) took, on average, three times longer to attain maturity and produced, on average, 14 times fewer eggs than females that were also reared on surplus food, but kept at high prey density (good growth condition). Females performed best at a prey density of 30 aphids per female per 150 cm2. Results suggested that the current food availability significantly influenced the age and size of females at maturity and their fecundity. Age and size at maturity of female lady beetles showed non‐linear responses to prey density as well as the occurrence of a minimum size of females, below which H. axyridis females fail to mature. The steep slope recorded at lower prey densities suggests relatively high variation in age at maturity but low variation in size.
An applicator for high viscosity semiochemical products and intentional treatment gaps for mating disruption of Phyllocnistis citrella
Authors: Lapointe S. L. , Stelinski L. L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a global pest of citrus, and contributes to the incidence and severity of citrus bacterial canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. SPLAT‐CLM™ (ISCA Technologies) is an emulsified wax product that provides sustained release of (Z,Z,E)‐7,11,13‐hexadecatrienal, the major component of the P. citrella sex pheromone. Here, we report success in development of a mechanized and automated applicator of SPLAT and other high viscosity products on a large scale in tree crops, and progress in optimization of coverage patterns to minimize the cost of disruption of P. citrella. The applicator (IFM‐5051; International Fly Masters) delivered 1 g dollops of SPLAT‐CLM into a citrus grove canopy within 2% of the targeted application rate. A field trial conducted in Florida (USA) demonstrated effective disruption (>90%) of male moth catch in traps baited with pheromone lures characterized by high potency following each of four applications of 250 or 500 g ha−1 of SPLAT‐CLM containing 0.15% (Z,Z,E)‐7,11,13‐hexadecatrienal. Catch of male moths in pheromone traps deployed as a transect across the border between treated and untreated plots was analyzed to describe the rate of loss of disruption as a function of distance from a treated area. The model was used to estimate a maximum gap of 65 m consisting of untreated rows bounded on both sides by treated rows that could be incorporated into coverage patterns without a significant loss of disruption. A second field trial was conducted to test the feasibility of leaving intentional coverage gaps. No difference in trap catch disruption was observed between plots uniformly treated with SPLAT‐CLM and plots where every fifth row (80% coverage) or every fifth and sixth rows (67% coverage) were left untreated. Incorporation of coverage gaps should be effective in reducing product use and overall cost of mating disruption for P. citrella in citrus and other species for which mating disruption occurs by a non‐competitive mechanism.
Trajectories of weight disturbances during adolescence in relation to gender in a Swedish cohort
Authors: Rosendahl K Ingvar , Sundblom Elinor , Schäfer Elinder Liselotte 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  To explore developmental trajectories among adolescents of thinness and overweight in relation to gender.Methods:  A group‐based procedure was used to determine patterns of weight disturbances in a school‐based sample of 3020 Swedish adolescents followed from age 11 to 18. A sensitivity analysis was performed to compensate for an increasing number of missing height and weight data after grade 8.Results:  Six trajectories represented the best description of developmental weight disturbances with the exception of thinness among boys, which was best described by four trajectories. Concerning thinness, 5.9% of girls and 4.2% of boys developed this condition during the study period, while 1.9% of girls and 3.0% of boys recovered from their initial thinness. For overweight, (including obesity) 1.5% of girls and 3.1% of boys developed this weight disturbance during the study period, while 10.1% of girls and 9.3% of boys recovered from overweight/obesity. Non‐reporting of height and weight was biased towards an underestimation of the true prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls and of thinness in boys.Conclusions:  Developmental trajectories provide a novel method to describe the dynamics of weight disturbances during adolescence. Similar patterns were found for overweight and thinness in boys and girls but group sizes varied between genders. Non‐reporting of height and weight was found in a gender‐specific pattern.
Young People's Preferences for Emotional Well‐Being Support in High School—A Focus Group Study
Authors: Kendal Sarah , Keeley Philip , Callery Peter 
Published: October 2011

PROBLEM:  Schools have been identified as a suitable setting for the delivery of emotional well‐being (EWB) support, but in the United Kingdom there is little empirical evidence from young people that can inform the development of appropriate school‐based interventions.METHODS:  Fifty‐four students (11–16 years) from three U.K. high schools discussed the content, delivery, and evaluation of acceptable, school‐based, EWB support. Focus group methods were matched to the school setting and sensitive topic.FINDINGS:  Participants identified emotional difficulties in school, home, and with peer relationships. They said that some problems were too sensitive for them to seek help in school setting. They valued confidentiality, support, and effective help that were offered by people they experienced as friendly, trustworthy, and skilled. Teachers and peer mentors were not thought to fit these criteria, although trusted adults in mentor roles could meet their criteria. Participants recognized that they could hide their emotions, so their EWB would be difficult to assess. They described how the effect of emotional distress on their behavior is idiosyncratic, and therefore their EWB should not be judged simply on their behavior.CONCLUSION:  The way in which EWB support is delivered in school is an important aspect of the role of practitioners and educators attempting to provide it. Because young people are sensitive to the personal qualities and skills of people offering them help, programs to train school staff in emotional support roles are important to ensure trust and an environment open to students seeking assistance. Interventions for school‐based EWB support need to consider subjective well‐being as well as behavioral change.
Discrimination of Chinese Vinegars Based on Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction‐Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry of Volatile Compounds and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Xiao Zuobing , Dai Shuiping , Niu Yunwei , Yu Haiyan , Zhu Jiancai , Tian Huaixiang , Gu Yongbo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was applied for the determination of the characteristic volatile profiles of Chinese vinegars. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), were used to characterize the different Chinese vinegars by types, fermentation method, and production area. A total of 56 volatile compounds were identified, including 15 esters, 10 aldehydes, 5 acids, 12 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 volatile phenols, 2 pyrazines, and 3 miscellaneous compounds. The major compounds in Chinese vinegars were furfural, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, isopentyl acetate, benzaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol. The PCA results showed that characterizing the Chinese vinegars by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS was highly related to their type, fermentation method, and production area, and all these influencing factors were not independent. The CA results indicated that the fermentation method had a greater effect than vinegar type and production area. The results showed that HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS together with chemometrics could provide practical reference for characterization of Chinese vinegars.Practical Application:  HS‐SPME coupled with GC‐MS was applied for the determination of the characteristic volatile profiles of Chinese vinegars. The major compounds in Chinese vinegars were furfural, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, isopentyl acetate, benzaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol. HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS together with chemometrics was an efficient tool for evaluating vinegar authenticity.
Rapid and Accurate Bacterial Identification in Probiotics and Yoghurts by MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Angelakis Emmanouil , Million Matthieu , Henry Mireille , Raoult Didier 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  Probiotic food is manufactured by adding probiotic strains simultaneously with starter cultures in fermentation tanks. Here, we investigate the accuracy and feasibility of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) for bacterial identification at the species level in probiotic food and yoghurts. Probiotic food and yoghurts were cultured in Columbia and Lactobacillus specific agar and tested by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) for the detection and quantification of Lactobacillus sp. Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI‐TOF analysis and by amplification and sequencing of tuf and 16S rDNA genes. We tested 13 probiotic food and yoghurts and we identified by qPCR that they presented 106 to 107 copies of Lactobacillus spp. DNA/g. All products contained very large numbers of living bacteria varying from 106 to 109 colony forming units/g. These bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Streptococcus thermophilus. MALDI‐TOF MS presented 92% specificity compared to the molecular assays. In one product we found L. lactis, instead of Bifidus spp. which was mentioned on the label and for another L. delbrueckii and S. thermophilus instead of Bifidus spp. MALDI‐TOF MS allows a rapid and accurate bacterial identification at the species level in probiotic food and yoghurts. Although the safety and functionality of probiotics are species and strain dependent, we found a discrepancy between the bacterial strain announced on the label and the strain identified.Practical Application:  MALDI‐TOF MS is rapid and specific for the identification of bacteria in probiotic food and yoghurts. Although the safety and functionality of probiotics are species and strain dependent, we found a discrepancy between the bacterial strain announced on the label and the strain identified.
Effect of Cofermentation of Grape Varieties on Aroma Profiles of La Mancha Red Wines
Authors: García‐Carpintero Eva Gómez , Sánchez‐Palomo Eva , Gómez Gallego Manuel A. , González‐Viñas Miguel A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  The effect of winemaking using blends of red grape varieties cultivated in La Mancha region (Spain) on the aroma profile of wines was researched by chemical characterization. Free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds were isolated by solid phase extraction using dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, respectively, as solvents in elution and then analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Free and bound volatile compounds were analyzed in Cencibel, Bobal, and Moravia Agria monovarietal wines, and in 3 wines obtained with the blending of grapes: Cencibel (50%) + Bobal (50%); Cencibel (50%) + Moravía Agria (50%); Cencibel (33%) + Bobal (33%) + Moravía Agria (33%). Aroma compounds were studied in terms of odor activity values (OAVs). Ninety free aroma compounds and sixty‐five bound aroma compounds were identified and quantified. The odor activity values for the different compounds were classified into 7 odorant series. The fruity and sweet series contributed most strongly to the aroma profile of all wines, independently of the winemaking technique used. In general, co‐winemaking wines present a more complex chemical profile than monovarietal wines.Practical Application:  Some grape varieties could benefit from this process with the presence of other varieties that might have an excess of aroma compounds. In this study, the wines were elaborated by blending different grape varieties together; this process implies co‐maceration and co‐fermentation steps. The co‐winemaking technique could benefit from additional molecules provided by the other varieties, which results in a more complex formation than in the case of monovarietal wines. This technique provides a viable alternative to traditional winemaking methods for improving and enhancing the sensory profile of elaborated wines.
Phenolic Composition in Different Genotypes of Guabiju Fruits (Myrcianthes pungens) and Their Potential as Antioxidant and Antichemotactic Agents
Authors: Andrade Juliana M. M. , Aboy Ana Lúcia , Apel Miriam A. , Raseira Maria C. B. , Pereira José F. M. , Henriques Amélia T. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  Fruits of Myrcianthes pungens Berg. Legr. (Myrtaceae), known as guabiju, are widely consumed fresh as well as dried, processed into jam, marmalade, and juices. In this study, chemical composition and antichemotactic and antioxidant activities of fruits from a wild type (GB) and 2 genotypes, PL2 and PL1, of guabiju were investigated. Total anthocyanins for the genotypes ranged from 334 to 531 mg/100 g dry weight (dwt). Total flavonoids and polyphenols ranged from 79.8 to 154 mg/100 g and 2438 to 4613 mg/100 g (dwt), respectively. A reversed phase liquid chromatography method with photodiode array detection was used to determine chemical profiles of the main anthocyanins found in the extracts. An HPLC method for the quantification of flavonoids is proposed, providing a simple procedure with rapid sample preparation. All samples contained 5 identical anthocyanidins, distributed differently, with cyanidin as the main compound. Identified flavonoids were quercitrin, hyperoside, and isoquercitrin; their relative amounts varied among the extracts. The antioxidant activity of guabiju methanolic extract was comparable to that of Trolox, and at a test concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, GB and PL2 activities were higher than those exhibited by Trolox. Total dry extracts of guabiju exhibited greater inhibition of chemotaxis at a concentration of 4 μg/mL, except for GBH (wild‐type hydrolyzed extract) which already presented high values at a concentration of 2 μg/mL. These results suggest that the consumption of this fruit, rich in polyphenols, may be beneficial to human health.Practical Application:  The paper is the first attempt on the improvement of this native fruit, since it is widely consumed regularly as part of the South American diet. The content of phenolic compounds demonstrates that consumption of guabiju would be beneficial to human health. Differences among samples, originating from open pollination of plants growing on the same site, lead to the conclusion that improvements can be made in the chemical composition and beneficial activity of guabiju fruits by simply selecting genotypes for these characteristics among open‐pollinated seedlings.
Exaggerated NT‐proBNP Production in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: A Case Series
Authors: Andreu Aileen , Guglin Maya 
Published: October 2011

©2011 Wiley Periodicals Inc.Extremely elevated serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in cancer patients is a poorly understood phenomenon. The authors report three cases of patients with hematologic malignancies and serial N‐terminal pro‐BNP (NT‐proBNP) measurements with values in the range of tens to hundred thousands pg/mL. Through matching NT‐proBNP results with clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic and radiologic data, the authors found that these patients demonstrated exaggerated responses to fluid overload. Patients with hematologic malignancies may have higher than expected values of NT‐proBNP in response to hypervolemic states. The authors hypothesize that this may be related to possible infiltration of the myocardium by substances produced in the setting of these diseases or due to proteins interfering with the assay.Congest Heart Fail.
Science into practice – how can fundamental science contribute to better management of grasslands for invertebrates?
Authors: LITTLEWOOD NICK A. , STEWART ALAN J. A. , WOODCOCK BEN A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract. 1. Grasslands are diverse and extensive but are declining in extent in some parts of the globe. Grassland invertebrates can be numerically abundant and are crucial to ecosystem functioning through their roles in herbivory, nutrient cycling and pollination. Most European grasslands are modified through agricultural practices. Indeed, semi‐natural grasslands, which often host the most diverse invertebrate assemblages, have suffered catastrophic losses over the last century.2. Much research exists on grassland management, mainly from Europe, ranging from identifying optimum management of high‐quality grasslands through to assessing measures to enhance low‐quality grasslands, though most such projects focus solely on the plant assemblage. Monitoring that has been carried out on invertebrates indicates a varied response with invertebrate assemblages often being limited by such factors as lack of habitat connectivity, inappropriate cutting regime and the particular plant species used in enhancement projects.3. There is a need to promote grassland management that recognises and addresses these key factors whilst also carrying out research into how best to combine the multiple ecosystem services and human benefits that are associated with grasslands.
CSPG4, a potential therapeutic target, facilitates malignant progression of melanoma
Authors: Price Matthew A. , Colvin Wanshura Leah E. , Yang Jianbo , Carlson Jennifer , Xiang Bo , Li Guiyuan , Ferrone Soldano , Dudek Arkadiusz Z. , Turley Eva A. , McCarthy James B. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryChondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), a transmembrane proteoglycan originally identified as a highly immunogenic tumor antigen on the surface of melanoma cells, is associated with melanoma tumor formation and poor prognosis in certain melanomas and several other tumor types. The complex mechanisms by which CSPG4 affects melanoma progression have started to be defined, in particular the association with other cell surface proteins and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and its central role in modulating the function of these proteins. CSPG4 is essential to the growth of melanoma tumors through its modulation of integrin function and enhanced growth factor receptor‐regulated pathways including sustained activation of ERK 1,2. This activation of integrin, RTK, and ERK1,2 function by CSPG4 modulates numerous aspects of tumor progression. CSPG4 expression has further been correlated to resistance of melanoma to conventional chemotherapeutics. This review outlines recent advances in our understanding of CSPG4‐associated cell signaling, describing the central role it plays in melanoma tumor cell growth, motility, and survival, and explores how modifying CSPG4 function and protein–protein interactions may provide us with novel combinatorial therapies for the treatment of advanced melanoma.
The three M’s: melanoma, microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor and microRNA
Authors: Bell Rachel E. , Levy Carmit 
Published: October 2011

SummaryStudies examining intratumor heterogeneity have indicated that several cancer types, including melanoma, can display phenotypic plasticity, corresponding to their capacity to undergo transient reversible cellular changes. Conceptual models constructed to explain the process of cancer propagation differ in their treatment of intratumor heterogeneity. Recent observations of reversible phenotypic heterogeneity in melanoma have led to the proposal of a novel ‘phenotypic plasticity’ model of cancer propagation. Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), the melanocyte ‘lineage‐specific’ transcription factor, has emerged as one of the central players in melanoma phenotypic plasticity. Here we discuss the conceptual models suggested to explain the relations between MITF and melanoma plasticity, in addition to the complex regulatory roles that MITF plays in melanocytes and melanoma development. Finally, we provide an in‐depth literature survey of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in MITF activity, melanoma propagation and metastasis, in addition to their potential use as agents of personalized therapy.