bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quitlines and Nicotine Replacement for Smoking Cessation: Do We Need to Change Policy?
Authors: Pierce John P. , Cummins Sharon E. , White Martha M. , Humphrey Aimee , Messer Karen 
Published: March 2012

In the past 20 years, public health initiatives on smoking cessation have increased substantially. Randomized trials indicate that pharmaceutical cessation aids can increase success by 50% among heavier smokers who seek help, and use of these aids has increased markedly. Quitlines provide a portal through which smokers can seek assistance to quit and are promoted by tobacco control programs. Randomized trials have demonstrated that telephone coaching following a quitline call can also increase quitting, and a combination of quitlines, pharmaceutical aids and physician monitoring can help heavier smokers to quit. While quit attempts have increased, widespread dissemination of these aids has not improved population success rates. Pharmaceutical marketing strategies may have reduced expectations of the difficulty of quitting, reducing success per attempt. Some policies actively discourage unassisted smoking cessation despite the documented high success rates of this approach. There is an urgent need to revisit public policy on smoking cessation.
Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs Synergize with 2-Deoxyglucose to Trigger Breast Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Cheng Gang , Zielonka Jacek , Dranka Brian P. , McAllister Donna , Mackinnon A. Craig , Joseph Joy , Kalyanaraman Balaraman 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Cancer cells are long known to exhibit increased aerobic glycolysis, but glycolytic inhibition has not offered a viable chemotherapeutic strategy in part because of the systemic toxicity of antiglycolytic agents. However, recent studies suggest that a combined inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial function may help overcome this issue. In this study, we investigated the chemotherapeutic efficacies of mitochondria-targeted drugs (MTD) in combination with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), a compound that inhibits glycolysis. Using the MTDs, termed Mito-CP and Mito-Q, we evaluated relative cytotoxic effects and mitochondrial bioenergetic changes in vitro. Interestingly, both Mito-CP and Mito-Q synergized with 2-DG to decrease ATP levels in two cell lines. However, with time, the cellular bioenergetic function and clonogenic survival were largely restored in some cells. In a xenograft model of human breast cancer, combined treatment of Mito-CP and 2-DG led to significant tumor regression in the absence of significant morphologic changes in kidney, liver, or heart. Collectively, our findings suggest that dual targeting of mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism with MTDs and glycolytic inhibitors such as 2-DG may offer a promising chemotherapeutic strategy. Cancer Res; 72(10); 2634–44. ©2012 AACR.
Individual Recognition in a Cooperatively Breeding Cichlid: Evidence from Video Playback Experiments
Authors: Balshine-Earn Sigal , Lotem Arnon 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMost theories of social behaviour and cooperation assume that animals can recognise other individuals, but this is rarefy tested. Using Neolamprologus brichardi, a cooperatively breeding cichlid fish, we monitored behavioural responses to (1) real fish versus video images of fish; (2) mate versus neighbour and (3) video images of mate versus video image of neighbour. All tests were controlled for size and sex. Fish reacted appropriately to the playbacks, although responses to videos were not as strong as to real fish. Both males and females fought against the images of stranger and neighbour fish and they courted images of mates. These results confirm that the cooperatively breeding fish, Neolamprologus brichardi, recognises individuals based on vision and that video playbacks contain sufficient information to facilitate recognition.
Isolated Spider Web Stabillmentum Attracts Insects
Authors: Tso I-Min 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe insect-attraction function of silk stabilimenta spun by Argiope spiders was directly tested by examining if isolated stabilimenta will increase insect interception in artificial webs. Artificial webs were made from basswood frames and fine monofilaments coated with a sticky substance and were divided into two groups, experimental and control. In the experimental group, silk stabilimenta isolated from stabilimentum-decorated webs spun by Argiope aurantia were introduced. In the control group, corresponding areas collected from the undecorated webs of A. trifasciata were introduced. A general linear model was used to examine the effect of stabilimenta, web location, and date of data collection on insect interception in artificial webs. When the effects of location and date were simultaneously considered, artificial webs containing isolated stabilimenta intercepted significantly more flying insects (41.6% more) than those in the control group. However, there was no difference in orthopteran interception rates between experimental and control groups. These results indicate that silk stabilimenta of Argiope spiders do attract insects, although not all insects exhibit a strong orientation response to them.
Brain, Body and Culture: A Biocultural Theory of Religion
Authors: Geertz Armin W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis essay sketches out a biocultural theory of religion which is based on an expanded view of cognition that is anchored in brain and body (embrained and embodied), deeply dependent on culture (enculturated) and extended and distributed beyond the borders of individual brains. Such an approach uniquely accommodates contemporary cultural and neurobiological sciences. Since the challenge that the study of religion faces, in my opinion, is at the interstices of these sciences, I have tried to develop a theory of religion which acknowledges the fact. My hope is that the theory can be of use to scholars of religion and be submitted to further hypotheses and tests by cognitive scientists.
Traditional African Economies in Conflict With Western Capitalism
Authors: Pauw Christoff M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article analyzes some of the fundamental differences between the two economic systems which have come into conflict with one another in sub-Saharan Africa: traditional African economies, based on community and communitarian ownership, and Western, capitalist-oriented economics, based on individual identity and individual rights. While the dire economic conditions prevailing in Africa have elicited various strategies and programs, a unique coping mechanism is developing within African Independent Churches. This not only poses a challenge to other churches, but may also provide alternative solutions for the problems that plague African economic growth.
A longitudinal study of mental health in refugees from Burma: The impact of therapeutic interventions
Authors: van Wyk Sierra , Schweitzer Robert , Brough Mark , Vromans Lyn , Murray Kate 
Published: March 2012

Objective: The present study seeks to examine the impact of therapeutic interventions for people from refugee backgrounds within a naturalistic setting. Methods: Sixty-two refugees from Burma were assessed soon after arriving in Australia. All participants received standard interventions provided by a resettlement organisation which included therapeutic interventions, assessment, social assistance, and referrals where appropriate. At the completion of service provision a follow-up assessment was conducted. Results: Over the course of the intervention, participants experienced a significant decrease in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and somatisation. Pre-intervention symptoms predicted symptoms post-intervention for post-traumatic stress, anxiety and somatisation. Post-migration living difficulties, the number of traumas experienced, and the number of contacts with the service agency were unrelated to all mental health outcomes. Conclusions: In the first Australian study of its kind, reductions in mental health symptoms post-intervention were significantly linked to pre-intervention symptomatology and the number of therapy sessions predicted post-intervention symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Future studies need to include larger samples and control groups to verify findings.
Inhibitory Effect of Ketoconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of a Multireceptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor BMS‐690514 in Healthy Participants: Assessing the Mechanism of the Interaction With Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Simulations
Authors: Yang Zheng , Vakkalagadda Blisse , Shen Guoxiang , Ahlers Christoph M. , Has Teresa , Christopher Lisa J. , Kurland John F. , Roongta Vikram , Masson Eric , Zhang Steven 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBMS‐690514, a selective inhibitor of the ErbB and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, has shown antitumor activity in early clinical development. The compound is metabolized by multiple enzymes, with CYP3A4 responsible for the largest fraction (34%) of metabolism. It is also a substrate of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in vitro. To assess the effect of ketoconazole on BMS‐690514 pharmacokinetics, 17 healthy volunteers received 200 mg BMS‐690514 alone followed by 100 mg BMS‐690514 with ketoconazole (400 mg once daily for 4 days). The AUC∞ of 100 mg BMS‐690514 concomitantly administered with ketoconazole was similar to that of 200 mg BMS‐690514 alone. The dose‐normalized Cmax and AUC∞ of BMS‐690514 from the 100‐mg BMS‐690514/400‐mg ketoconazole treatment increased by 55% and 127%, respectively, relative to those from 200 mg BMS‐690514 alone. Prediction of the drug‐drug interaction (DDI) using a population‐based simulator (Simcyp) indicated that, in addition to CYP3A4 inhibition, the inhibition of P‐gp by ketoconazole in the intestine, liver, and kidneys must be invoked to fully account for the DDI observed. This finding suggests that the inhibition of P‐gp by ketoconazole, along with its effect on CYP3A4, needs to be considered when designing a DDI study of ketoconazole with a victim drug that is a dual substrate.
Nutritional Therapy in Practice for Learning, Behavioural and Mood Disorders
Authors: Watts Martina K. 
Published: March 2012

There is an evidential link between diet, mood and behaviour, but a shortage of formalised educational literature covering the role of nutritional science and its application in the care and treatment of mental health problems. In the UK, a limited amount of a few types of fruit and vegetables, few wholegrains and little oily fish are consumed. Instead, large quantities of refined carbohydrates, altered fats, intensively reared meat and dairy products are eaten, along with unknown combinations of synthetic chemicals and residues. In some individuals, specific nutritional and environmental factors generate physiological responses which may influence mood, promote anti-social behaviour and trigger overwhelming cravings for certain foods or substances. Nutritional Therapists are not currently part of the multidisciplinary team assessing people suffering from mental health problems. They generally work in private practice with clients on an individual basis. Their role is to improve diet and identify potential food intolerances, hormone imbalances, blood sugar issues, enzyme deficiencies, compromised gut immunity, increased nutrient requirements, a toxic metal burden or chemical sensitivities. Each case is examined on its own merits, given the variety of genetic and environmental differences among individuals. The considerable challenge for the nutritional therapist remains to intervene safely and effectively in mental health conditions which involve multiple complex and interacting mechanisms.
Distinct roles for talin-1 and kindlin-3 in LFA-1 extension and affinity regulation
Authors: Lefort Craig T. , Rossaint Jan , Moser Markus , Petrich Brian G. , Zarbock Alexander , Monkley Susan J. , Critchley David R. , Ginsberg Mark H. , Fässler Reinhard , Ley Klaus 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn inflammation, neutrophils and other leukocytes roll along the microvascular endothelium before arresting and transmigrating into inflamed tissues. Arrest requires conformational activation of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). Mutations of the FERMT3 gene encoding kindlin-3 underlie the human immune deficiency known as leukocyte adhesion deficiency-III. Both kindlin-3 and talin-1, another FERM domain-containing cytoskeletal protein, are required for integrin activation, but their individual roles in the induction of specific integrin conformers are unclear. Here, we induce differential LFA-1 activation in neutrophils through engagement of the selectin ligand P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 or the chemokine receptor CXCR2. We find that talin-1 is required for inducing LFA-1 extension, which corresponds to intermediate affinity and induces neutrophil slow rolling, whereas both talin-1 and kindlin-3 are required for induction of the high-affinity conformation of LFA-1 with an open headpiece, which results in neutrophil arrest. In vivo, both slow rolling and arrest are defective in talin-1–deficient neutrophils, whereas only arrest is defective in kindlin-3–deficient neutrophils. We conclude that talin-1 and kindlin-3 serve distinct functions in LFA-1 activation.
Donor lung derived myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells differentially regulate T cell proliferation and cytokine production
Authors: Benson Heather L , Suzuki Hidemi , Lott Jeremy , Fisher Amanda Jo , Walline Crystal , Heidler Kathleen M , Brutkiewicz Randy , Blum Janice S , Wilkes David S 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Direct allorecognition, i.e., donor lung-derived dendritic cells (DCs) stimulating recipient-derived T lymphocytes, is believed to be the key mechanism of lung allograft rejection. Myeloid (cDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs) are believed to have differential effects on T cell activation. However, the roles of each DC type on T cell activation and rejection pathology post lung transplantation are unknown.

Methods
Using transgenic mice and antibody depletion techniques, either or both cell types were depleted in lungs of donor BALB/c mice (H-2d) prior to transplanting into C57BL/6 mice (H-2b), followed by an assessment of rejection pathology, and pDC or cDC-induced proliferation and cytokine production in C57BL/6-derived mediastinal lymph node T cells (CD3+).

Results
Depleting either DC type had modest effect on rejection pathology and T cell proliferation. In contrast, T cells from mice that received grafts depleted of both DCs did not proliferate and this was associated with significantly reduced acute rejection scores compared to all other groups. cDCs were potent inducers of IFNγ, whereas both cDCs and pDCs induced IL-10. Both cell types had variable effects on IL-17A production.

Conclusion
Collectively, the data show that direct allorecognition by donor lung pDCs and cDCs have differential effects on T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Depletion of both donor lung cDC and pDC could prevent the severity of acute rejection episodes.
Trends in incidence and outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty in Spain: A population based study
Authors: Villanueva-Martınez Manuel , Hernandez-Barrera Valentın , Chana-Rodríguez Francisco , Rojo-Manaute José , Rıos-Luna Antonio , San Roman Montero Jesus , Gil-de-Miguel Angel , Jimenez-Garcıa Rodrigo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
To analyze changes in incidence and outcomes of patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) over an 8-year study period in Spain.

Methods
We selected all surgical admissions in individuals aged ≥ 40 years who underwent RTHA (ICD-9-CM procedure code 81.53) between 2001 and 2008 from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates, Charlson co-morbidity index, length of stay (LOS), costs and in-hospital mortality (IHM) were estimated for each year. Multivariate analyses were conducted to asses time trends.

Results
32, 280 discharges of patients (13, 391 men/18, 889 women) having undergone RTHA were identified. Overall crude incidence showed a small but significant increase from 20.2 to 21.8 RTHA per 100, 000 inhabitants from 2001 to 2008 (p < 0.01).
The incidence increased for men (17.7 to 19.8 in 2008) but did not vary for women (22.3 in 2001 and 22.2 in 2008). Greater increments were observed in patients older than 84 years and in the age group 75-84. In 2001, 19% of RTHA patients had a Charlson Index ≥ 1 and this proportion rose to 24.6% in 2008 (p < 0.001). The ratio RTHA/THA remained stable and around 20% in Spain along the entire period
The crude overall in-hospital mortality (IHM) increased from 1.16% in 2001 to 1.77% (p = 0.025) in 2008. For both sexes the risk of death was higher with age, with the highest mortality rates found among those aged 85 or over. After multivariate analysis no change was observed in IHM over time. The mean inflation adjusted cost per patient increased by 78.3%, from 9, 375 to 16, 715 Euros from 2001 to 2008.
After controlling for possible confounders using Poisson regression models, we observed that the incidence of RTHA hospitalizations significantly increased for men and women over the period 2001 to 2008 (IRR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18 and 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14 respectively).

Conclusions
The crude incidence of RTHA in Spain showed a small but significant increase from 2001 to 2008 with concomitant reductions in LOS, significant increase in co-morbidities and cost per patient.
Design and testing of an MRI-compatible cycle ergometer for non-invasive cardiac assessments during exercise
Authors: Gusso Silmara , Salvador Carlo , Hofman Paul , Cutfield Wayne , Baldi James C , Taberner Andrew , Nielsen Poul 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for cardiac research, and it is frequently used for resting cardiac assessments. However, research into non-pharmacological stress cardiac evaluation is limited.

Methods
We aimed to design a portable and relatively inexpensive MRI cycle ergometer capable of continuously measuring pedalling workload while patients exercise to maintain target heart rates.

Results
We constructed and tested an MRI-compatible cycle ergometer for a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Resting and sub-maximal exercise images (at 110 beats per minute) were successfully obtained in 8 healthy adults.

Conclusions
The MRI-compatible cycle ergometer constructed by our research group enabled cardiac assessments at fixed heart rates, while continuously recording power output by directly measuring pedal force and crank rotation.
Expression of chemokine receptors on circulating tumor cells in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Fusi Alberto , Liu Zhian , Kümmerlen Verena , Nonnemacher Anika , Jeske Judith , Keilholz Ulrich 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
The study was performed to investigate the expression of chemokine receptors (CR) on circulating tumor cells (CTC), which may be of importance for organ-specific metastases and cancer treatment since CR are potential drug-targets.

Methods
Blood samples from patients with metastatic carcinoma (MC) or melanoma (MM) were enriched for CTC and expression of CR (CXCR4, CCR6, CCR7 and CCR9) was evaluated by flow cytometry.

Results
CTC were detected in 49 of 68 patients (72%) [28 MC; 21 MM] with a median number of 3 CTC (range: 1-94)/10 mL of blood. CXCR4 was expressed on CTC in 82% (40/49) of patients [median number 1 CTC/10 mL blood; range 1-14] and CCR6 in 29 patients (59%; median 1, range: 1-14). In MM patients, CCR7 was expressed on CTC in 6 (29%) samples and CCR9 in 12 (57%). A positive correlation between surface expression of CR and organ-specific metastatic pattern was not observed.

Conclusions
CR were expressed on CTC of patients with solid tumors. Along with our findings, the observation that CR could be involved in CTC proliferation and migration of tumor cells appoints CTC as potential CR-antagonist therapeutic target.
Is inhibition of kinase activity the only therapeutic strategy for LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Rudenko Iakov N , Chia Ruth , Cookson Mark R 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are a common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Variation around the LRRK2 locus also contributes to the risk of sporadic PD. The LRRK2 protein contains a central catalytic region, and pathogenic mutations cluster in the Ras of complex protein C terminus of Ras of complex protein (mutations N1437H, R1441G/C and Y1699C) and kinase (G2019S and I2020T) domains. Much attention has been focused on the kinase domain, because kinase-dead versions of mutant LRRK2 are less toxic than kinase-active versions of the same proteins. Furthermore, kinase inhibitors may be able to mimic this effect in mouse models, although the currently tested inhibitors are not completely specific. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in the development of specific LRRK2 kinase inhibitors. We also discuss non-kinase-based therapeutic strategies for LRRK2-associated PD as it is possible that different approaches may be needed for different mutations.
Renal cell carcinoma associated with peritumoral sarcoid-like reaction without intratumoral granuloma
Authors: Ouellet Simon , Albadine Roula , Sabbagh Robert 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Non-necrotizing epithelioid granulomas have been described in association with many primary tumors. In such cases, they are designated as sarcoid-like reaction. Although it is more seen in carcinomas than in sarcomas, it is very rarely reported in renal carcinoma. Here, we describe a rare association of prominent peritumoral sarcoid-like reaction without intratumoral granulomas and conventional clear cell renal carcinoma in a 62-year-old-male, without clinical or laboratory finding of sarcoidosis. At 30 months follow-up, he had no recurrence.

Virtual Slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4054525336657922
An integrated analysis of miRNA and gene copy numbers in xenografts of Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Mosakhani Neda , Guled Mohamed , Leen Gayle , Calabuig-Fariñas Silvia , Niini Tarja , Machado Isidro , Savola Suvi , Scotlandi Katia , López-Guerrero José Antonio , Llombart-Bosch Antonio , Knuutila Sakari 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Xenografts have been shown to provide a suitable source of tumor tissue for molecular analysis in the absence of primary tumor material. We utilized ES xenograft series for integrated microarray analyses to identify novel biomarkers.

Method
Microarray technology (array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and micro RNA arrays) was used to screen and identify copy number changes and differentially expressed miRNAs of 34 and 14 passages, respectively. Incubated cells used for xenografting (Passage 0) were considered to represent the primary tumor. Four important differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-31, miR-31*, miR-145, miR-106) were selected for further validation by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Integrated analysis of aCGH and miRNA data was performed on 14 xenograft passages by bioinformatic methods.

Results
The most frequent losses and gains of DNA copy number were detected at 9p21.3, 16q and at 8, 15, 17q21.32-qter, 1q21.1-qter, respectively. The presence of these alterations was consistent in all tumor passages. aCGH profiles of xenograft passages of each series resembled their corresponding primary tumors (passage 0). MiR-21, miR-31, miR-31*, miR-106b, miR-145, miR-150*, miR-371-5p, miR-557 and miR-598 showed recurrently altered expression. These miRNAS were predicted to regulate many ES-associated genes, such as genes of the IGF1 pathway, EWSR1, FLI1 and their fusion gene (EWS-FLI1). Twenty differentially expressed miRNAs were pinpointed in regions carrying altered copy numbers.

Conclusion
In the present study, ES xenografts were successfully applied for integrated microarray analyses. Our findings showed expression changes of miRNAs that were predicted to regulate many ES associated genes, such as IGF1 pathway genes, FLI1, EWSR1, and the EWS-FLI1 fusion genes.