bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the definition of type II diabetes remission in the evaluation of bariatric surgery for metabolic disorders
Authors: Pournaras D J , Aasheim E T , Søvik T T , Andrews R , Mahon D , Welbourn R , Olbers T , le Roux C W 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
The American Diabetes Association recently defined remission of type II diabetes as a return to normal measures of glucose metabolism (haemoglobin (Hb) A1c below 6 per cent, fasting glucose less than 5·6 mmol/l) at least 1 year after bariatric surgery without hypoglycaemic medication. A previously used common definition was: being off diabetes medication with normal fasting blood glucose level or HbA1c below 6 per cent. This study evaluated the proportion of patients achieving complete remission of type II diabetes following bariatric surgery according to these definitions.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of data collected prospectively in three bariatric centres on patients undergoing gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and gastric banding.

Results
Some 1006 patients underwent surgery, of whom 209 had type II diabetes. Median follow-up was 23 (range 12–75) months. HbA1c was reduced after operation in all three surgical groups (P &lt; 0·001). A total of 72 (34·4 per cent) of 209 patients had complete remission of diabetes, according to the new definition; the remission rates were 40·6 per cent (65 of 160) after gastric bypass, 26 per cent (5 of 19) after sleeve gastrectomy and 7 per cent (2 of 30) after gastric banding (P &lt; 0·001 between groups). The remission rate for gastric bypass was significantly lower with the new definition than with the previously used definition (40·6 versus 57·5 per cent; P = 0·003).

Conclusion
Expectations of patients and clinicians may have to be adjusted as regards remission of type II diabetes after bariatric surgery. Focusing on improved glycaemic control rather than remission may better reflect the benefit of this type of surgery and facilitate improved glycaemic control after surgery. Copyright © 2011 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research Protections for Diverted Mentally Ill Individuals: Should they be Considered Prisoners?
Authors: Amory Carr W. , Amrhein Charles , Dery Ryna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe number of diversion programs for the mentally ill has increased dramatically over the past decade. These programs serve the valuable goal of reducing the growing population of incarcerated mentally ill persons by providing supervised community treatment. Research within these programs, critical for improving outcomes for these vulnerable individuals, is complicated by the fact that participants may have legal statuses which carry significant coercive leverage. In this way their ability to freely consent to research may be limited. In this paper, the authors describe the practice of diversion and review relevant research on coercion, informed consent and decisional capacity among the mentally ill and imprisoned. Current legal protections for prisoners are then discussed in the light of a recent proposal to broaden the legal definition of “prisoner” for research purposes to include community corrections populations, thus including diverted individuals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic Basis for RNA Aptamer‐Based Induction of TetR
Authors: Steber Markus , Arora Amit , Hofmann Jan , Brutschy Bernhard , Suess Beatrix 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe TetR aptamer induces TetR controlled gene expression, and represents an interesting tool for application in synthetic biology. We have analysed the mechanistic basis for RNA aptamer‐based induction of TetR. The aptamer binds TetR with a high affinity in the order of 107 M−1, which is similar to operator DNA binding under the used ionic conditions. We identified the binding epitope of the aptamer on TetR, which consists of amino acids T27, N47 and K48 of both monomers, using loss‐of‐function analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Tetracycline‐induced conformational changes of TetR led to reorientation of the DNA reading head. This movement destroys the composite binding epitope for the aptamer and leads to reduced RNA binding by one order of magnitude. The aptamer can actively displace TetR from the operator DNA; this could be the key factor for its activity in vivo.
Shaping microtubules into diverse patterns: Molecular connections for setting up both ends
Authors: Mimori‐Kiyosue Yuko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMicrotubules serve as rails for intracellular trafficking and their appropriate organization is critical for the generation of cell polarity, which is a foundation of cell differentiation, tissue morphogenesis, ontogenesis and the maintenance of homeostasis. The microtubule array is not just a static railway network; it undergoes repeated collapse and reassembly in diverse patterns during cell morphogenesis. In the last decade much progress has been made toward understanding the molecular mechanisms governing complex microtubule patterning. This review first revisits the basic principle of microtubule dynamics, and then provides an overview of how microtubules are arranged in highly shaped and functional patterns in cells changing their morphology by factors controlling the fate of microtubule ends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myotilin dynamics in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Wang Jushuo , Dube Dipak K. , Mittal Balraj , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMyotilin cDNA has been cloned for the first time from chicken muscles and sequenced. Ectopically expressed chicken and human YFP‐myotilin fusion proteins localized in avian muscle cells in the Z‐bodies of premyofibrils and the Z‐bands of mature myofibrils. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments demonstrated that chicken and human myotilin were equally dynamic with 100% mobile fraction in premyofibrils and Z‐bands of mature myofibrils. Seven myotilin mutants cDNAs (S55F, S55I, T57I, S60C, S60F, S95I, R405K) with known muscular dystrophy association localized in mature myofibrils in the same way as normal myotilin without affecting the formation and maintenance of myofibrils. N‐ and C‐terminal halves of human myotilin were cloned and expressed as YFP fusions in myotubes and cardiomyocytes. N‐terminal myotilin (aa 1–250) localized weakly in Z‐bands with a high level of unincorporated protein and no adverse effect on myofibril structure. C‐terminal myotilin (aa 251–498) localized in Z‐bands and in aggregates. Formation of aggregated C‐terminal myotilin was accompanied by the loss of Z‐band localization of C‐terminal myotilin and partial or complete loss of alpha‐actinin from the Z‐bands. In regions of myotubes with high concentrations of myotilin aggregates there were no alpha‐actinin positive Z‐bands or organized F‐actin. The dynamics of the C‐terminal‐myotilin and N‐terminal myotilin fragments differed significantly from each other and from full‐length myotilin. In contrast, no significant changes in dynamics were detected after expression in myotubes of myotilin mutants with single amino acid changes known to be associated with myopathies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Substructure‐Based Virtual Screening for Adenosine A2A Receptor Ligands
Authors: van der Horst Eelke , van der Pijl Rianne , Mulder‐Krieger Thea , Bender Andreas , IJzerman Adriaan P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA virtual ligand‐based screening approach was designed and evaluated for the discovery of new A2A adenosine receptor (AR) ligands. For comparison and evaluation, the procedures from a recently published virtual screening study that used the A2A AR X‐ray crystal structure for the target‐based discovery of new A2A ligands were largely followed. Several screening models were constructed by deriving the distinguishing structural features from selected sets of A2A AR antagonists, so‐called frequent substructure mining. The best model in statistical terms was subsequently applied to large‐scale virtual screens of a commercial vendor library. This resulted in the selection of 36 candidates for acquisition and testing. Of the selected candidates, eight compounds significantly inhibited radioligand binding at A2A AR (>30 %) at 10 μM, corresponding to a “hit rate” of 22 %. This hit rate is quite similar to that of the referenced target‐based virtual screening study, while both approaches yield new, non‐overlapping sets of ligands.
Prognostic significance of alterations in IDH enzyme isoforms in patients with AML treated with high‐dose cytarabine and idarubicin
Authors: Ravandi Farhad , Patel Keyur , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Faderl Stefan , Konopleva Marina , Kadia Tapan , Brandt Mark , Pierce Sherry , Kornblau Steven , Andreeff Michael , Wang Xuemei , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:IDH1 and IDH2 gene mutations are novel, recurring molecular aberrations among patients with normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (AML).METHODS:Among 358 patients with AML treated on 4 protocols using high‐dose ara‐C plus idarubicin induction, pretreatment samples were available for 170 (median age 53 years, [range, 17‐73]; 96% ≤65) and were evaluated for IDH1R132, IDH2R172, and IDH2R140 mutations or the codon 105 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IDH1.RESULTS:IDH1 and IDH2 mutations were present in 12 (7%) and 24 (14%) of patients, and IDH1 G105 SNP in 24 (14%). Overall, 52 (30%) patients had IDH gene alterations. There was no association with complete response (CR), remission duration, overall survival, and event‐free survival and any of the IDH alterations, and no association with a higher CR rate or survival with the 4 regimens for the 52 patients with aberrant IDH. Among the patients with diploid karyotype and NPM1mutFLT3WTgenotype, those with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations had an inferior outcome.CONCLUSIONS:IDH aberrations and IDH1 codon 105 SNP occur in about 30% of younger patients with AML, mostly with diploid karyotype. Using high‐dose ara‐C‐based induction regimens, we did not detect an association with outcome for any of the aberrations. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Development and distribution of neuronal cilia in mouse neocortex
Authors: Arellano Jon I. , Guadiana Sarah M. , Breunig Joshua J. , Rakic Pasko , Sarkisian Matthew R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNeuronal primary cilia are not generally recognized, but they are considered to extend from most, if not all, neurons in the neocortex. However, when and how cilia develop in neurons are not known. This study used immunohistochemistry for adenylyl cyclase III (ACIII), a marker of primary cilia, and electron microscopic analysis to describe the development and maturation of cilia in mouse neocortical neurons. Our results indicate that ciliogenesis is initiated in late fetal stages after neuroblast migration, when the mother centriole docks with the plasma membrane, becomes a basal body, and grows a cilia bud that we call a procilium. This procilium consists of a membranous protrusion extending from the basal body but lacking axonemal structure and remains undifferentiated until development of the axoneme and cilia elongation starts at about postnatal day 4. Neuronal cilia elongation and final cilia length depend on layer position, and the process extends for a long time, lasting 8–12 weeks. We show that, in addition to pyramidal neurons, inhibitory interneurons also grow cilia of comparable length, suggesting that cilia are indeed present in all neocortical neuron subtypes. Furthermore, the study of mice with defective ciliogenesis suggested that failed elongation of cilia is not essential for proper neuronal migration and laminar organization or establishment of neuronal polarity. Thus, the function of this organelle in neocortical neurons remains elusive. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing Magnetic Organic Lattices from High‐Spin Polycyclic Units
Authors: Trinquier Georges , Suaud Nicolas , Guihéry Nathalie , Malrieu Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis work addresses the conception of purely organic magnetic materials by properly bridging high‐spin polycyclic hydrocarbons A and B, through covalent ligands L. The strategy varies two degrees of freedom that govern the magnetic character of the A–L‐‐B sequence, namely, the bridge response to spin polarization and the relative signs of spin density on carbon atoms to which the bridge is attached. Topological prescriptions based on Ovchinnikov’s rule are proposed to predict ground‐state spin multiplicities of various A–L–B sets. The relevance of these guiding principles is essentially confirmed through DFT calculations on dimers connected by conjugated bridges. The transferability of interunit magnetic couplings to larger assemblies is further checked, the building blocks tending to maintain their high‐spin character whatever the environment. Such local designs open the way to periodic lattices of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, or paramagnetic materials.
Electromagnetically driven two‐axis optical beam steering MEMS mirror and its dependence of actuation on magnetic field
Authors: Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Abe Yutaka , Iwamatsu Shinnosuke , Kobayashi Seiya , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Sato Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the development of an electromagnetically driven two‐axis MEMS mirror which steers an optical beam, and the dependence of the tilting angles on the magnet shape and size and the initial gap between planar coils and the magnet surface. A reflective Au mirror (1.8 × 1.8 mm2) can be tilted bidirectionally with an electromagnetic force induced by the current of the planar coils and the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. A newly developed MEMS mirror device (10 × 10 × 0.2 mm3) was set on a printed circuit board (15 × 15 × 1.0 mm3), and the board was fixed on a holder in which a magnet was inset. The utilized magnets were cubic (6, 8, and 15 mm square and 5 mm thick), cylindrical (6 and 8 mm in diameter and 5 mm thick), and spherical (8 mm in diameter) to investigate efficient actuation. The initial gaps of the planar coils and magnet surface were 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 μm. The magnetic flux density and its gradient decreased with distance from the magnet surface. The tilting angles of the MEMS mirror increased with decreasing size of the square magnet and shorter distance, and were largest when using a magnet 6 mm square and a 500‐μm gap, in which condition the maximum tilting angles in the X and Y directions were 2.95 and 3.68 deg/mA, respectively. In addition, we obtained 3D‐OCT images of human finger tissue by using a Fourier domain fiber interferometer with a newly developed MEMS mirror. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(11): 24–31, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10377
Cyano‐ and Aqua‐Coordinated Diruthenium(III) Complexes with Oxo‐Bis(acetato) Bridge: Preparation and Steric and Electronic Structures
Authors: Zhang Hua‐Xin , Tsuge Kiyoshi , Sasaki Yoichi , Osawa Masatoshi , Abe Masaaki 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThree new μ‐oxo‐bis(μ‐acetato)diruthenium(III) complexes,trans(μ‐O,OH2)‐[Ru2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3COO)2(bpy)2(H2O)2][PF6]2·3H2O ([1][PF6]2·3H2O; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine), trans(μ‐O,CN)‐[{Ru2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3COO)2(bpy)2}2{μ‐Ag(CN)2}{μ‐Ag2(CN)3}][Ag(CN)2][Ag2(CN)3](CH3CN)4(CH2Cl2) (2), and cis(μ‐O,CN)‐[Ru2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3COO)2(bpy)2(CN)2]·CH3OH·H2O([3]·CH3OH·H2O), have been prepared and their X‐ray crystal structures determined. Whereas [1]2+ and 3 are discrete species, 2 is a polymer in which the Ag–CN groups act as bridges through Ru–CN(or NC)–Ag linkages. The discrete complexes dissolve in common solvents, but 2 is only slightly soluble in acetonitrile and dimethyl formamide (DMF) to give fragmented species (denoted as 2′) in solution. Redox waves of 3 were observed at –0.83 (Epc) and +0.76 V (E1/2) versus Ag/AgCl in a solution of 0.1 M nBu4NPF6 in CH2Cl2, which correspond to the Ru2II,III/Ru2III,III and Ru2III,III/Ru2III,IV processes, respectively. The corresponding redox couples (E1/2) of [1]2+ were observed at –0.31 and +0.76 V in 0.1 M NaClO4 aqueous solution. Significantly more negative potentials of the Ru2II,III/Ru2III,III couple for the two cyano complexes (E1/2 = –0.77 V for 2′) are noted. Complexes [1]2+, 2′, and 3 exhibit strong visible absorption bands at λmax = 566 nm (ϵ = 12600 M–1 cm–1; in H2O), 636 nm (21000 M–1 cm–1; in acetonitrile), and 558 nm (18000 M–1 cm–1; in H2O), respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) molecular orbital calculations have been carried out for [1]2+, trans(μ‐O,CN)‐[Ru2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3COO)2(bpy)2(CN)2] (2a, a model compound for 2′), 3, [Ru2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3COO)2(py)6]2+ ([4]2+), and trans(μ‐O,py)‐[Ru2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3COO)2(bpy)2(py)2]2+ ([5]2+; py = pyridine). It was revealed that the frontier orbitals of these complexes are dominated by the Ru(dπ)–μ‐O(pπ) type π systems. For the cyano complexes, energies of these π‐type MOs are lifted up by the interaction with CN–, so that the energy difference with the upper bpy π* orbitals becomes smaller. Thus, whereas the visible absorption bands of [1]2+, [4]2+, and [5]2+ are ascribed to the transitions within the π system metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (MMCT), those of 2′ and 3 are ascribed to the HOMO‐to‐ligand π* (bpy) transition metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and to the mixture of MMCT and MLCT (HOMO–1 to π*), respectively.
Integration of Pig‐a, micronucleus, chromosome aberration, and comet assay endpoints in a 28‐day rodent toxicity study with 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide
Authors: Stankowski Leon F. , Roberts Daniel J. , Chen Hepei , Lawlor Timothy , McKeon Marie , Murli Hemalatha , Thakur Ajit , Xu Yong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs part of the Stage III Pig‐a multilaboratory validation trial, we examined the induction of CD59‐negative reticulocytes and total red blood cells (RETCD59− and RBCCD59−, respectively) in male Sprague Dawley® rats treated with 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4NQO), for 28 consecutive days by oral gavage, at doses of 1.25, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 7.50 mg kg−1 day−1 (the high dose group was sacrificed on Day 15 due to excessive morbidity/mortality). Animals also were evaluated for: micronucleated reticulocytes (mnRET) by flow cytometry; DNA damage in peripheral blood, liver, and stomach using the Comet assay; and chromosome aberrations (CAb) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). All endpoints were analyzed at two or more timepoints where possible. Mortality, body and organ weights, food consumption, and clinical pathology also were evaluated, and demonstrated that the maximum tolerated dose was achieved at 5.00 mg kg−1 day−1. The largest increases observed for the genetic toxicology endpoints (fold‐increase compared to control, where significant; all at 5.00 mg kg−1 day−1 on Day 29) were: RETCD59− (21X), RBCCD59− (9.0X), and mnRET (2.0X). In contrast, no significant increases were observed for the CAb or Comet response, in any tissue analyzed, at any timepoint. Because 4NQO is a well known mutagen, clastogen, and carcinogen, the lack of response for these latter endpoints was unexpected. These results emphasize the extreme care that must betaken in dose and endpoint selection when incorporating genotoxicity endpoints into routine toxicity studies as has been recommended or is under consideration by various regulatory and industrial bodies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of natural water chemistry on nanosilver behavior and toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Authors: McLaughlin Julianne , Bonzongo Jean-Claude J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The success of nanotechnology will undoubtedly lead to the increased introduction of nanoparticles (NPs) into natural systems, and aquatic systems will likely act as sinks for these new pollutants. Differences in the chemistry of these aquatic systems will control changes in surface properties of NPs and therefore could impact their environmental fate and toxicity. A series of batch experiments was conducted to determine the effect of natural waters with different solution chemistries on nanosilver (nAg) particle dispersion, stability, and toxicity. Toxicity assays were performed in tested natural waters as well as in traditional growth media. Briefly, nAg suspended in a natural water with a low ionic strength/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ratio had an average particle size of 76.8 ± 0.4 nm and was less toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (median lethal concentration [LC50] = 221 ppb and median inhibition concentration [IC50] = 1,600 ppb, respectively), whereas a natural water with a high ionic strength/DOC ratio had an average particle size of 192 ± 5.1 nm and produced a much higher toxicity response (LC50 = 0.433 ppb and IC50 = 22.6 ppb, respectively). These findings help to establish needed correlations between water-matrix-dependent nAg particle properties and toxicity implications and indicate that the use of traditional growth media in toxicity assays concerning engineered NPs might not always be appropriate. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:168–175. © 2011 SETAC
Influence of a nanoparticle mixture on an arctic soil community
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Shah Vishal , Walker Virginia K. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Interest is growing in understanding not only the impact of individual nanoparticles (NPs) on ecosystems but also the effect of NP mixtures. In the present study, the impact of a combination of three different NPs, silver, copper, and silica (all at 0.022%, w/w), on an arctic microbial community was investigated. After adding the NPs, soil microcosms were incubated for 176 d, and subsequent estimates of microbe diversity were obtained using culture-dependent and culture-independent assessments. The treated soil appeared to show a reduction in the ability to use carbohydrate and amino acid substrates and demonstrated an altered pattern of major fatty acid peaks. Polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed consistent differences in the pattern of predominant rRNA gene sequences. Although this is an initial investigation of soil contaminated with mixed NPs, these results demonstrate that even at the relatively modest concentrations used such pollutants have the potential to disrupt microbial communities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:131–135. © 2011 SETAC