bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Irrigation With an Antiseptic and Oral Administration of Azithromycin on Bacteremia Caused by Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Morozumi Toshiya , Kubota Takehiko , Abe Daisuke , Shimizu Taro , Komatsu Yasutaka , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: June 2010

Background: Transient bacteremia frequently occur secondary to several periodontal procedures. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of irrigation with an essential oil–containing antiseptic (EO) and oral administration of azithromycin (AZM) on bacteremia caused by scaling and root planing (SRP).Methods: Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to three groups (control, EO, and AZM). The EO group received quadrant subgingival irrigation with EO, and mouthrinsing was continued at home for 1 week. Oral administration of AZM was started 3 days before SRP in the AZM group. No adjunctive treatment was performed before SRP in the control group. Peripheral blood and subgingival plaque were collected at baseline and after 1 week. The second blood sample was taken 6 minutes after the initiation of quadrant SRP. The blood samples were cultured and analyzed for bacteremia. Quantitative analysis of periodontopathic bacteria in the sulcus was performed using the polymerase chain reaction Invader method.Results: Bacteremia incidence rates were 90%, 70%, and 20% for the control, EO, and AZM groups, respectively. Significant reduction of the incidence of bacteremia was shown in the AZM group only (P <0.01). Subgingival bacterial counts significantly decreased in both the EO and AZM groups (P <0.01).Conclusions: Quadrant SRP frequently induced bacteremia. Although AZM was effective in reducing bacteremia incidence, EO showed less effectiveness.
Application of a Motivation–Behavioral Skills Protocol in Gingival Lichen Planus: A Short‐Term Study
Authors: López‐Jornet Pia , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio 
Published: June 2010

Background: The main objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of a motivation–behavioral skills protocol for plaque control in patients with gingival lichen planus.Methods: A pre‐ and post‐test descriptive clinical study was made of 40 consecutive white patients with gingival lichen planus: five males (12.5%) and 35 females (87.5%); mean age: 57 years. A motivation–behavioral skills protocol for oral hygiene was applied, with the determination of gingival scores (gingival index, plaque extension, and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs [CPITN]) and patient evaluation after 4 and 8 weeks.Results: The clinical parameters in relation to the different forms of gingival lichen planus showed statistically significant improvements for gingival index, plaque extension, and CPITN (P <0.001) as determined 4 and 8 weeks after starting the program.Conclusions: The application of an active prevention program in patients with gingival lichen planus is important because it offers benefits for periodontal health. However, more long‐term studies are needed to confirm the results obtained.
The Influence of the Therapist-Patient Relationship on Treatment Outcome in Physical Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hall Amanda M. , Ferreira Paulo H. , Maher Christopher G. , Latimer Jane , Ferreira Manuela L. 
Published: June 2010

Background
The working alliance, or collaborative bond, between client and psychotherapist has been found to be related to outcome in psychotherapy.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the working alliance is related to outcome in physical rehabilitation settings.

Data Sources
A sensitive search of 6 databases identified a total of 1,600 titles.

Study Selection
Prospective studies of patients undergoing physical rehabilitation were selected for this systematic review.

Data Extraction
For each included study, descriptive data regarding participants, interventions, and measures of alliance and outcome—as well as correlation data for alliance and outcomes—were extracted.

Data Synthesis
Thirteen studies including patients with brain injury, musculoskeletal conditions, cardiac conditions, or multiple pathologies were retrieved. Various outcomes were measured, including pain, disability, quality of life, depression, adherence, and satisfaction with treatment. The alliance was most commonly measured with the Working Alliance Inventory, which was rated by both patient and therapist during the third or fourth treatment session. The results indicate that the alliance is positively associated with: (1) treatment adherence in patients with brain injury and patients with multiple pathologies seeking physical therapy, (2) depressive symptoms in patients with cardiac conditions and those with brain injury, (3) treatment satisfaction in patients with musculoskeletal conditions, and (4) physical function in geriatric patients and those with chronic low back pain.

Limitations
Among homogenous studies, there were insufficient reported data to allow pooling of results.

Conclusions
From this review, the alliance between therapist and patient appears to have a positive effect on treatment outcome in physical rehabilitation settings; however, more research is needed to determine the strength of this association.
Family Priorities for Activity and Participation of Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Chiarello Lisa A. , Palisano Robert J. , Maggs Jill M. , Orlin Margo N. , Almasri Nihad , Kang Lin-Ju , Chang Hui-Ju 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundUnderstanding family priorities for children and youth with cerebral palsy is essential for family-centered service.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to identify family priorities for activity and participation in children and youth with cerebral palsy and (2) to determine differences based on age and Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) level.DesignFive hundred eighty-five children and youth with cerebral palsy and their caregivers participated at regional children's hospitals. The children and youth were 2 to 21 years of age; 56% were male, and 44% were female. Their caregivers, predominantly mothers (80%), had a mean age of 40.3 years (SD=9.3). The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was administered to caregivers to identify their priorities for their children. The priorities were coded into 3 categories (daily activities, productivity, and leisure) and 13 subcategories. The GMFCS levels were determined by assessors who met the criterion for reliability. Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analyses of variance were used to examine differences in priorities.ResultsParents of children in all age groups and GMFCS levels II to V identified more priorities for daily activities. Parents of school-aged children and youth had more priorities for productivity than parents of younger children. For parents of children in all age groups and motor function levels, self-care was the most frequent priority subcategory. Sixty-one percent of parents identified at least one priority related to mobility.LimitationsThe study did not include qualitative analysis of priorities of parents.ConclusionsParents' priorities for their children and youth with cerebral palsy differed depending on age and gross motor function level; however, the most frequent priority for all age groups was daily activities. Interviews with families are recommended for identifying outcomes for activity and participation and developing an intervention plan.
Heart rate variability and heat sensation during CT coronary angiography: Low-osmolar versus iso-osmolar contrast media
Authors: Svensson Anders , Ripsweden Jonaz , Rück Andreas , Aspelin Peter , Cederlund Kerstin , Brismar B. Torkel 
Published: June 2010

Background: During computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) unexpected changes in heart rate while scanning may affect image quality. Purpose: To evaluate whether an iso-osmolar contrast medium (IOCM, iodixanol) and a low-osmolar contrast medium (LOCM, iomeprol) affect heart rate and experienced heat sensation differently. Material and Methods: One hundred patients scheduled for CTCA were randomized to receive either iodixanol 320 mgI/ml or iomeprol 400 mgI/ml. Depending on their heart rate, the patients were assigned to one of five scanning protocols, each optimized for different heart rate ranges. During scanning the time between each heart beat (hb) was recorded, and the corresponding heart rate was calculated. For each contrast medium (CM) the average heart rate, the variation in heart rate from individual mean heart rate, and the mean deviation from the predefined scanning protocol were calculated. Experience of heat was obtained immediately after scanning by using a visual analog scale (VAS). Examination quality was rated by two radiologists on a three-point scale. Results: The mean variation in heart rate after IOCM was 1.4 hb/min and after LOCM it was 4.4 hb/min (NS). The mean deviations in heart rate from that in the predefined scanning protocol were 2.0 hb/min and 4.7 hb/min, respectively (NS). A greater number of arrhythmic hb were observed after LOCM compared with IOCM ( P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in image quality. The LOCM group reported a stronger heat sensation after CM injection than the IOCM group (VAS =36 mm and 18 mm, P<0.05). Conclusion: At clinically used concentrations the IOCM, iodixanol 320 mgI/ml, does not increase the heart rate during CTCA and causes less heart arrhythmia and less heat sensation than the LOCM, iomeprol 400 mgI/ml.
Generation and characterization of 11 novel est derived microsatellites from Vicia faba (Fabaceae)
Authors: Gong Ya‐Ming , Xu Sheng‐Chun , Mao Wei‐Hua , Hu Qi‐Zan , Zhang Gu‐Wen , Ding Ju , Li Ze‐Yun 
Published: June 2010

• Premise of the study: Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed for faba bean using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the NCBI database to study for genetic diversity.• Methods and Results: A total of 11 novel EST‐SSR loci were generated and characterized when tested on four populations of 29 faba bean individuals from China and Europe. The number of alleles (A) ranged from 1 to 3 in each population, and observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0 to 0.5000 and 0.6400, respectively. Furthermore, transferable analysis revealed that eight of these loci (72.73%) amplified in Pisum sativum L., six of which (75.00%) detected polymorphism.• Conclusions: The developed markers in this study will provide valuable tools for genetic diversity, resource conservation, genetic mapping, and marker‐assisted breeding of faba bean in the future.
Pour l'introduction de l'histoire des sciences dans l'enseignement du second cycle
Authors: Lacombe Geneviève 
Published: June 2010

Si la place officielle de l'histoire de la biologie dans l'enseignement du second cycle est dérisoire, il est toujours possible, lorsqu’on est convaincu de son intérêt, de saisir les occasions de l'introduire, fût-ce de façon furtive.
Les quelques exemples présentés ici correspondent à des essais échelonnés dans le temps conduits par des professeurs de plusieurs disciplines du lycée de Saint-Gaudens ; le plus souvent lancés sur un coup de coeur, ils nous ont permis de "dévorer" des documents, de partager nos connaissances, de confronter nos points de vue. Lieu d'interdisciplinarité, l'histoire des sciences est pour chacun de nous source de culture. Sans doute, notre pratique – inscrite dans les contraintes de l'institution – n'est-elle qu'un patchwork de tentatives partielles, miettes dépareillées et parfois ridiculement ambitieuses. Conscients de privilégier une seule facette de l'histoire de la biologie, nous pensons avoir toutefois aidé nos élèves (en particulier les "littéraires") à mieux comprendre et à mieux aimer la biologie.
L'histoire de la physique peut-elle éclairer les obstacles épistémologiques?
Authors: Rosmorduc Jean 
Published: June 2010

Can the history of physics help us to understand epistemological obstacles ?
The concept of epistemological obstacle as defined by G. Bachelard grew out of his work on the history of physics and chemistry as well as out of his own experience as a physics teacher. The present article analyses the evolution of physics from its beginnings to the present day and points out some of the problems which historians of physics meet. Some instances of epistemological obstacles are given in the course of the article.
Dynamic Magnetic Properties of Ferroic Films, Multilayers, and Patterned Elements
Authors: Stamps Robert L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractModification and control of material properties through careful manipulation of geometry on nano‐ and sub‐nanometer length scales is a cornerstone of modern materials science and technology. An exciting area in which these concepts have provided exceptional advances has been magnetoelectronics and nanomagnetism. Important scales in magnetic metals are conduction spin diffusion lengths and distances over which local moments correlate. Advanced techniques now allow for the creation of structures patterned on these length scales in three dimensions. The focus of this article is on magnetic structures whose dynamic properties can be strongly modified by ion bombardment and lithographic patterning. Examples are given of how microwave frequency properties can be tuned with external fields, how factors controlling magnetic switching can be controlled, and how manipulation of magnetic domain walls can be used to reveal new and surprising phenomena.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity using Layer‐by‐Layer Electrospun Constructs for Water Remediation
Authors: Lee Jung Ah , Nam Yoon Sung , Rutledge Gregory C. , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEndocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) are environmental pollutants that interfere with the body's endocrine system because of their structural similarity to natural and synthetic hormones. Due to their strong oxidizing potential to decompose such organic pollutants, colloidal metal oxide photocatalysts have attracted increasing attention for water detoxification. However, achieving both long‐term physical stability and high efficiency simultaneously with such photocatalytic systems poses many challenges. Here a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition approach is reported for immobilizing TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on a porous support while maintaining a high catalytic efficiency for photochemical decomposition of BPA. Anatase TiO2 NPs ≈7 nm in diameter self‐assemble in consecutive layers with positively charged polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes on a high surface area, porous electrospun polymer fiber mesh. The TiO2 LbL nanofibers decompose approximately 2.2 mg BPA per mg of TiO2 in 40 h of illumination (AM 1.5G illumination), maintaining first‐order kinetics with a rate constant (k) of 0.15 h−1 for over 40 h. Although the colloidal TiO2 NPs initially show significantly higher photocatalytic activity (k ≈ 0.84 h−1), the rate constant drops to k ≈ 0.07 h−1 after 4 h of operation, seemingly due to particle agglomeration. In the BPA solution treated with the multilayered TiO2 nanofibers for 40 h, the estrogenic activity, based on human breast cancer cell proliferation, is significantly lower than that in the BPA solution treated with colloidal TiO2 NPs under the same conditions. This study demonstrates that water‐based, electrostatic LbL deposition effectively immobilizes and stabilizes TiO2 NPs on electrospun polymer nanofibers for efficient extended photochemical water remediation.
Multifunctional Shape‐Memory Polymers
Authors: Behl Marc , Razzaq Muhammad Yasar , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe thermally‐induced shape‐memory effect (SME) is the capability of a material to change its shape in a predefined way in response to heat. In shape‐memory polymers (SMP) this shape change is the entropy‐driven recovery of a mechanical deformation, which was obtained before by application of external stress and was temporarily fixed by formation of physical crosslinks. The high technological significance of SMP becomes apparent in many established products (e.g., packaging materials, assembling devices, textiles, and membranes) and the broad SMP development activities in the field of biomedical as well as aerospace applications (e.g., medical devices or morphing structures for aerospace vehicles). Inspired by the complex and diverse requirements of these applications fundamental research is aiming at multifunctional SMP, in which SME is combined with additional functions and is proceeding rapidly. In this review different concepts for the creation of multifunctionality are derived from the various polymer network architectures of thermally‐induced SMP. Multimaterial systems, such as nanocomposites, are described as well as one‐component polymer systems, in which independent functions are integrated. Future challenges will be to transfer the concept of multifunctionality to other emerging shape‐memory technologies like light‐sensitive SMP, reversible shape changing effects or triple‐shape polymers.
Caring for nonhuman primates in biomedical research facilities: scientific, moral and emotional considerations
Authors: Coleman Kristine 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAnimal care for nonhuman primates (NHPs) in biomedical facilities has undergone major changes in the past few decades. Today, most primate facilities have dedicated and highly trained animal care technicians who go to great efforts to ensure the physiological and psychological well being of the primates in their charge. These caretakers work closely with the animals and, as a result, often develop strong relationships with them. Once discouraged and considered a potential threat to scientific objectivity, such positive relationships are now seen as important components to animal care. Positive interactions between caretakers and primates can benefit the primates by reducing their stress and improving their overall well being which can, in turn, help the scientific endeavor. Further, providing the best possible care is our moral responsibility. However, there can also be emotional costs associated with caring for NHPs in research facilities, particularly when animals become ill or have to be euthanized. Facilities can do much to help ease this conflict. High‐quality and conscientious animal care is good for the animals, science, and public perception of research facilities. Am. J. Primatol. 73:220–225, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ontogeny of handling hard‐to‐process food in wild brown capuchins (Cebus apella apella): evidence from foraging on the fruit ofMaximiliana maripa
Authors: Gunst Noëlle , Leca Jean‐Baptiste , Boinski Sue , Fragaszy Dorothy 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe examined age‐related differences in wild brown capuchins' foraging efficiency and the food‐processing behaviors directed toward maripa palm fruit (Maximiliana maripa). A detailed comparison of the different foraging techniques showed that plucking the fruit from the infructescence constituted the main difficulty of this task. Foraging efficiency tended to increase with age, with a threshold at which sufficient strength allowed immatures by the age of three to reach adult‐level efficiency. Youngsters spent more time than older individuals browsing the infructescence and pulling the fruit in an attempt to harvest it. Infants tried to compensate for their inability to pluck fruit by adopting alternative strategies but with low payback, such as gnawing unplucked fruit and opportunistically scrounging others' partially processed food. Although around 2 years of age, young capuchins exhibited all of the behaviors used by adults, they did not reach adult‐level proficiency at feeding on maripa until about 3 years (older juveniles). We compared this developmental pattern with that of extractive foraging on beetle larvae (Myelobiasp.) hidden in bamboo stalks, a more difficult food for these monkeys [Gunst N, Boinski S, Fragaszy DM. Behaviour 145:195–229, 2008]. For maripa, the challenge was mainly physical (plucking the fruit) once a tree was encountered, whereas for larvae, the challenge was primarily perceptual (locating the hidden larvae). For both foods, capuchins practice for years before achieving adult‐level foraging competence, and the timeline is extended for larvae foraging (until 6 years) compared with maripa (3 years). The differing combinations of opportunities and challenges for learning to forage on these different foods illustrate how young generalist foragers (i.e. exploiting a large number of animal and plant species) may compensate for their low efficiency in extractive foraging tasks by showing earlier competence in processing less difficult but nutritious foods, such as maripa fruit. Am. J. Primatol. 72:960–973, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kalorimetrische Untersuchungen an Biopolymeren und Aggregaten von Phospholipiden
Authors: Ackermann Theodor 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDie in wäßriger Lösung ablaufenden Strukturumwandlungen von Biopolymeren sind komplexe Vorgänge, deren Mechanismus nur durch die Kopplung verschiedner Teilprozesse erklärt werden kann. Eine spektroskopische Analyse der Systemzustände ist oft mit beträchtlichem Aufwand verbunden. Für eine orientierende Charakterisierung des Systemverhaltens erweist sich in vielen Fällen eine kalorimetrische Untersuchung als ausreichend. Diese Messung liefert wichtige Aussagen über die Stabilität der Ausgangszustände und über die Kooperativität des Gesamtvorganges. Aus den thermodynamischen Parametern des untersuchten Systems ergeben sich Hinweise auf den strukturbestimmenden Einfluß der verschiedenen Typen inter‐ und intramolekularer Wechselwirkungen. Dies gilt nicht nur für Lösungen von Biopolymeren und analogen Modellsubstanzen, sondern auch für Lösungen von Komplexen aus Biopolymeren und niedermolekularen Liganden sowie für wäßrige Suspensionen selbstaggregierender Phospholipide. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Anwendung kalorimetrischer Meßverfahren werden an typischen Beispielen aus der Vielzahl der untersuchten Polypeptid und Polynucleotidsysteme und der Phospholipid‐Doppelschichtsysteme erläutert. Es wird auch auf die bei Messungen an verdünnten Lösungen zu beachtenden methodischen Besonderheiten hingewiesen, wobei die in neuerer Zeit erzielten meßtechnischen Fortschritte deutlich erkennbar werden.
Kovalente und dative Bindungen zu Hauptgruppenmetallen, eine nützliche Unterscheidung
Authors: Haaland Arne 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLehrbücher der Anorganischen Chemie beschreiben die Bildung von Addukten als Koordination eines Elektronendonors an einen Elektronenacceptor, wobei als Beispiele oft die Amin‐Borane X3N → BY3 herangezogen werden. In den Lewis(Elektronenstrich)‐Formeln werden sowohl die dative Bindung (z. B. in H3N → BH3) als auch die kovalente Bindung (z. B. in H3CCH3) durch ein gemeinsames Elektronenpaar wiedergegeben. In den einfachen Molekülorbital‐ und Valence‐Bond‐Modellen wird in beiden Fällen die Wellenfunktion dieses Elektronenpaars auf die gleiche Weise aus geeigneten sp3‐hybridisierten Atomorbitalen der beteiligten Atome konstruiert. Der Unterschied zwischen kovalenter und dativer Bindung tritt erst in Erscheinung, wenn die Orbitalkoeffizienten genau analysiert werden. Dies mag der Grund sein, weshalb so viele Strukturchemiker nur sehr widerwillig zwischen diesen beiden Bindungstypen unterscheiden wollen. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, dem Leser in Erinnerung zu rufen, daß sich die physikochemischen Eigenschaften kovalenter und dativer Bindungen deutlich unterscheiden können – und sich oft auch tatsächlich unterscheiden‐, und zu zeigen, daß diese Betrachtungsweise eine gute Basis für das Verständnis der Strukturen einer Fülle von Hauptgruppenmetallverbindungen ist.