bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of a spontaneous ovarian carcinoma in Lewis rats
Authors: Sharrow Allison C , Ronnett Brigitte M , Thoburn Christopher J , Barber James P , Giuntoli Robert L , Armstrong Deborah K , Jones Richard J , Hess Allan D 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundOvarian carcinoma is the fourth most common cause of death from cancer in women. Limited progress has been made toward improving the survival rate of patients with this disease in part because of the lack of a good animal model. We present here a model of spontaneous ovarian carcinoma arising in a normal Lewis rat.MethodsA spontaneously occurring tumor of the left ovary was found in a normal Lewis rat during necropsy, which was sectioned for histological examination and placed into single cell suspension. Tumor cells were passagedin vivoby intraperitoneal injection into immunocompetent Lewis rats, andin vitroculture resulted in generation of a cell line. Tumor cells were examined by flow cytometry for expression of estrogen receptor α, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, her-2/neu, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and CA125. β-catenin expression and cellular localization was assessed by immunocytochemistry. RNA was harvested for gene expression profiling and studying the expression of cytokines.ResultsThe tumor, designated FNAR, could be serially transplanted into Lewis rats and propagated as a cell linein vitro, maintaining the properties of the original tumor. The FNAR cells displayed striking morphologic similarities to human ovarian carcinoma, resembling the endometrioid carcinoma subtype of surface epithelial neoplasms. The cells expressed estrogen receptor α, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, her-2/neu, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, CA125, and nuclear β-catenin. A gene expression profile showed upregulation of a number of genes that are also upregulated in human ovarian carcinoma.ConclusionThis reliable model of ovarian carcinoma should be helpful in better understanding the biology of the disease as well as the development of novel treatment strategies.
Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity in sepsis-associated encephalopathy studied by acetazolamide test
Authors: Szatmári Szilárd , Végh Tamás , Csomós Ákos , Hallay Judit , Takács István , Molnár Csilla , Fülesdi Béla 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is not entirely clear. One of the possible underlying mechanisms is the alteration of the cerebral microvascular function induced by the systemic inflammation. The aim of the present work was to test whether cerebral vasomotor-reactivity is impaired in patients with SAE.

Methods
Patients fulfilling the criteria of clinical sepsis and showing disturbance of consciousness of any severity were included (n = 14). Non-septic persons whithout previous diseases affecting cerebral vasoreactivity served as controls (n = 20). Transcranial Doppler blood flow velocities were measured at rest and at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after intravenous administration of 15 mg/kgBW acetazolamide. The time course of the acetazolamide effect on cerebral blood flow velocity (cerebrovascular reactivity, CVR) and the maximal vasodilatory effect of acetazolemide (cerebrovascular reserve capacity, CRC) were compared among the groups.

Results
Absolute blood flow velocities after adminsitration of the vasodilator drug were higher among control subjects than in SAE. Assessment of the time-course of the vasomotor reaction showed that patients with SAE reacted slower to the vasodilatory stimulus than control persons. When assessing the maximal vasodilatory ability of the cerebral arterioles to acetazolamide during vasomotor testing, we found that patients with SAE reacted to a lesser extent to the drug than did control subjects (CRC controls:46.2 ± 15.9%, CRC SAE: 31,5 ± 15.8%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
We conclude that cerebrovascular reactivity is impaired in patients with SAE. The clinical significance of this pathophysiological finding has to be assessed in further studies.
Differential mechanisms of memory CD8 T cell maintenance by individual myeloid cell types
Authors: Frasca Loredana , Stonier Spencer W , Overwijk Willem W , Schluns Kimberly S 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
DC subsets and macrophages differentially mediate memory CD8 T cell maintenance via IL-15 transpresentation and CD70/CD27 interactions.
This study tested the hypothesis that individual myeloid subsets have a differential ability to maintain memory CD8 T cells via IL-15. Although DCs support IL-15-mediated homeostasis of memory CD8 T cells in vivo, whether various DC subsets and other myeloid cells similarly mediate homeostasis is unknown. Therefore, we studied the ability of different myeloid cells to maintain memory CD8 T cells in vitro. Using an in vitro cocoulture system that recapitulated known roles of DCs and IL-15 on memory CD8 T cells, all in vitro-derived or ex vivo-isolated DCs maintained CD8 T cells better than rIL-15 alone, and FLT-3L-DCs are the most efficient compared with GM-DCs, BM-derived macrophages, or freshly isolated DCs. Although FLT-3L-DCs were the least effective at inducing CD8 T cell proliferation, FLT-3L-DCs promoted better CD8 T cell survival and increased Bcl-2 and MCL-2 expression in CD8 T cells. T cell maintenance correlated only partially with DC expression of IL-15Rα and IL-15, suggesting that DCs provided additional support signals. Indeed, in the absence of IL-15 signals, CD70/CD27 further supported CD8 T cell maintenance. IFN-α enhanced CD70 expression by DCs, resulting in increased proliferation of CD8 T cells. Overall, this study supports our hypothesis by demonstrating that specific DC subtypes had a greater capacity to support memory CD8 T cell maintenance and did so through different mechanisms. Furthermore, this study shows that IL-15 trans-presentation can work in conjunction with other signals, such as CD70/CD27 interactions, to mediate CD8 T cell homeostasis efficiently.
Economic evaluation of online computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: randomised trial
Authors: Gerhards S. A. H. , de Graaf L. E. , Jacobs L. E. , Severens J. L. , Huibers M. J. H. , Arntz A. , Riper H. , Widdershoven G. , Metsemakers J. F. M. , Evers S. M. A. A. 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundEvidence about the cost-effectiveness and cost utility of computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy (CCBT) is still limited. Recently, we compared the clinical effectiveness of unsupported, online CCBT with treatment as usual (TAU) and a combination of CCBT and TAU (CCBT plus TAU) for depression. The study is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register, part of the Dutch Cochrane Centre (ISRCTN47481236).AimsTo assess the cost-effectiveness of CCBT compared with TAU and CCBT plus TAU.MethodCosts, depression severity and quality of life were measured for 12 months. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses were performed from a societal perspective. Uncertainty was dealt with by bootstrap replications and sensitivity analyses.ResultsCosts were lowest for the CCBT group. There are no significant group differences in effectiveness or quality of life. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses tend to be in favour of CCBT.ConclusionsOn balance, CCBT constitutes the most efficient treatment strategy, although all treatments showed low adherence rates and modest improvements in depression and quality of life.
Cognitive model of caregiving in psychosis
Authors: Kuipers Elizabeth , Onwumere Juliana , Bebbington Paul 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundThere is a long history of research into the attributes of carers of people with psychosis, but few interventions target their distress or their difficulties.AimsTo describe an empirically based model of the relationships of those caring for people with psychosis to inform clinical and theoretical advances.MethodWe developed a model of informal carer relationships in psychosis, based on an integration of the literature elaborating the concept of expressed emotion. The model accounts for divergent outcomes of three relationship types: positive, overinvolved and critical/hostile relationships.ResultsGood evidence supports a number of hypotheses concerning the origin and maintenance of these relationship outcomes, which relate to specific differences in carer attributions, illness perceptions, coping behaviour, social support, distress, depression and low self-esteem predicted by our model. We propose that interventions aimed at modifying the specific maintenance factors involved in the different styles of relationships will optimise therapeutic change both for service users with psychosis and for their carers.ConclusionsFamily work in psychosis, which improves relationships through problem-solving, reduces service user relapse. It is now time to consider theory-based interventions focused on improving carer outcomes.
Burden of chronic physical conditions and mental disorders in
primary care
Authors: Fernández Anna , Saameño Juan Ángel Bellón , Pinto-Meza Alejandra , Luciano Juan Vicente , Autonell Jaume , Palao Diego , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Campayo Javier García , Haro Josep Maria , Serrano Antoni ,   the Dasmap investigators
Published: March 2010

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that the three leading
causes of burden of disease in 2030 are projected to include HIV/AIDS,
unipolar depression and ischaemic heart disease.AimsTo estimate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and quality-adjusted
life-year (QALY) losses associated with mental disorders and chronic
physical conditions in primary healthcare using data from the diagnosis
and treatment of mental disorders in primary care (DASMAP) study, an
epidemiological survey carried out with primary care patients in
Catalonia (Spain).MethodA cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 3815 primary care
patients. A preference-based measure of health was derived from the
12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF–12): the Short Form–6D (SF–6D)
multi-attribute health-status classification. Each profile generated by
this questionnaire has a utility (or weight) assigned. We used
non-parametric quantile regressions to model the association between both
mental disorders and chronic physical condition and SF–6D scores.ResultsConditions associated with SF–6D were: mood disorders, β =−0.20 (95% CI
−0.18 to −0.21); pain, β = −0.08 (95%CI −0.06 to −0.09) and anxiety, β
=−0.04 (95% CI −0.03 to −0.06). The top three causes of QALY losses
annually per 100 000 participants were pain (5064), mood disorders (2634)
and anxiety (805).ConclusionsEstimation of QALY losses showed that mood disorders ranked second behind
pain-related chronic medical conditions.
FREDA: a human rights-based approach to healthcare
Authors: Curtice Martin J. , Exworthy Tim 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998 in the UK has not led to widespread knowledge and understanding in patient and carer groups, healthcare professionals or at an organisational level. This knowledge deficit has been recognised by government bodies and other agencies, which has led to the introduction of a bottom-up human rights-based approach that can be used by individuals and organisations alike in everyday practice. It avoids the need to have technical knowledge of the Human Rights Act and associated case law and is based upon concepts that underpin all the articles of the Act. The human rights-based approach is the process by which human rights can be protected by adherence to underlying core values of fairness, respect, equality, dignity and autonomy, or FREDA.
Impact of patient suicide on consultant psychiatrists in Ireland
Authors: Landers Anne , O'Brien Sinead , Phelan Darra 
Published: March 2010

Aims and methodTo study the effects of patient suicide on both personal and professional life of consultant psychiatrists in Ireland. A questionnaire was sent to all practising consultants.ResultsMost respondents (80%) had experienced patient suicide in their careers; in up to 97% it had an impact on either their professional or personal life. The most common effects were preoccupation with the suicide and guilt. Unpredicted suicides and perceived effect on patients' families worsened the distress. Informal support was of most help, with a large proportion of study participants suggesting independent case review would be helpful.Clinical implicationsPatient suicide is an almost universally distressing event for psychiatrists. Although consultants receive psychological support from family and friends, many would also welcome an objective professional review.
Mystery shopping in psychiatric service evaluation – ethical issues
Authors: Walker Tom , George Sanju 
Published: March 2010

SummaryMystery shopping is being increasingly used in psychiatric service evaluation but because it involves an element of deception, akin to research involving pseudo-patients, questions have been raised about its ethical acceptability. Here we discuss these ethical issues and argue that mystery shopping should only take place subject to certain conditions. First, it ought to be clear that the evaluation cannot be done by using non-deceptive methods. Second, independent scrutiny should conclude that the importance of the aims of the evaluation is sufficient to justify the deception used.
Phase I Combination Trial of Lenalidomide and Azacitidine in Patients With Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Sekeres Mikkael A. , List Alan F. , Cuthbertson David , Paquette Ronald , Ganetsky Rebecca , Latham Deborah , Paulic Katarina , Afable Manuel , Saba Hussain I. , Loughran Thomas P. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Lenalidomide and azacitidine are active in patients with lower- and higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). These agents may complement each other by targeting both the bone marrow microenvironment and hypomethylating action on the malignant clone. Patients and Methods This phase I trial explored the safety of combination therapy in patients with higher-risk MDS. Response and characterization of molecular and methylation status of responders were secondary objectives. Patients were enrolled using a 3 + 3 dose escalation. Cycles lasted 28 days, and patients received a maximum of seven cycles. Results Of 18 patients enrolled, median age was 68 years (range, 52 to 78 years), interval from diagnosis was 5 weeks (range, 2 to 106 weeks), and follow-up was 7 months (range, 1 to 26 months). International Prognostic Scoring System categories were intermediate 1 (n = 2), intermediate 2 (n = 10), and high (n = 6). No dose-limiting toxicities occurred, and a maximum-tolerated dose was not reached. Grades 3 to 4 nonhematologic toxicities (> 1) included febrile neutropenia (n = 5), cardiac (n = 2), and CNS hemorrhage (n = 2). Median absolute neutrophil count decrease was 26%, and platelet decrease was 1% (mean, 24%). The overall response rate was 67%: eight patients (44%) had a complete response (CR); three patients (17%) had hematologic improvement; one patient (6%) had marrow CR. Patients achieving CR were more likely to have normal cytogenetics and lower methylation levels. Conclusion The combination of lenalidomide and azacitidine is well tolerated with encouraging clinical activity. The go-forward dose is azacitidine 75 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5 and lenalidomide 10 mg on days 1 through 21.
Luminescent Organoboron Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Nagai Atsushi , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The incorporation of luminescent organoboron dyes into π-conjugated polymer backbones is attractive for potential applications as electroluminescent devices, organic field-effect transistors, and photovoltaics. Recent advances in the field of organoboron polymers are reviewed here.
Oligothiophene Bearing 1-Hydroxy-1-oxodithieno[2,3-b:3′,2′-d]phosphole as a Novel Anchoring Group for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kira Aiko , Shibano Yuki , Kang Soonchul , Hayashi Hironobu , Umeyama Tomokazu , Matano Yoshihiro , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
An oligothiophene bearing 1-hydroxy-1-oxodithieno[2,3-b:3′,2′-d]phosphole (TP) as a novel anchoring group has been synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements disclosed the bidentate binding of the phosphinic acid unit to a TiO2 surface. A TP-sensitized TiO2 cell yielded a maximum incident photon-to-current efficiency of 66% and a power conversion efficiency of 1.8%, indicating that 1-hydroxy-1-oxodithienophosphole is a potential unit as a new type of anchoring groups for DSSC.
Direct Decomposition of NO on C-type Cubic Rare Earth Oxides Based on Y2O3
Authors: Tsujimoto Soichiro , Mima Koji , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
C-type cubic (Y0.99−xTbxBa0.01)2O2.99+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation. The NO decomposition activities at 1173 K were higher than that of (Gd0.7Y0.26Ba0.04)2O2.96 reported previously. The highest catalytic activity was obtained for (Y0.69Tb0.3Ba0.01)2O2.99+δ, and 100% NO conversion into N2 and O2 was realized at 1173 K on this catalyst. Furthermore, the conversion ratio was maintained as high as 70.8% even in the presence of 5 vol % oxygen.
Modelling the Impact of Changes in Sensitivity on the Outcomes of the Uk Breast Screening Programme
Authors: Taylor Paul 
Published: March 2010

Objectives To assess the impact on breast cancer mortality of improving the sensitivity of breast screening programmes. Methods A Markov model was populated with data obtained from published statistics describing the UK National Health Service Breast Screening Programme and the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in the UK. The model was used to study the impact of changes to the sensitivity of screening. The effects on cancer detection rates and breast cancers and total mortality was studied for a cohort of women followed from age 45 to age 89. Results Running the model from age 45 to 89, with sensitivity set at the baseline value of 75%, predicts the detection at screening of 44 cancers per thousand of population and the detection outside screening of 82 cancers per thousand of population. Running the model with values of sensitivity from 75% to 95% shows the proportion of cancers detected at screening increasing as screening improves, and deaths from breast cancer falling. The drop in breast cancer deaths is however modest. Increasing sensitivity from 75% to 85% reduces the number of breast cancer deaths from 28 to 27 per thousand. Conclusions Likely achievable improvements in the sensitivity of screening do not have a marked effect on breast cancer mortality.
Absolute Numbers of Lives Saved and Overdiagnosis in Breast Cancer Screeninq, from a Randomized Trial and from the Breast Screening Programme in England
Authors: Duffy Stephen W , Tabar Laszlo , Olsen Anne Helene , Vitak Bedrich , Allgood Prue C , Chen Tony H H , Yen Amy M F , Smith Robert A 
Published: March 2010

Objectives To estimate the absolute numbers of breast cancer deaths prevented and the absolute numbers of tumours overdiagnosed in mammographic screening for breast cancer at ages 50–69 years. Setting The Swedish Two-County randomized trial of mammographic screening for breast cancer, and the UK Breast Screening Programme in England, ages 50–69 years. Methods We estimated the absolute numbers of deaths avoided and additional cases diagnosed in the study group (active study population) of the Swedish Two-County Trial, by comparison with the control group (passive study population). We estimated the same quantities for the mortality and incidence rates in England (1974–2004 and 1974–2003, respectively). We used Poisson regression for statistical inference. Results A substantial and significant reduction in breast cancer mortality was associated with screening in both the Two-County Trial ( P < 0.001) and the screening programme in England ( P < 0.001). The absolute benefits were estimated as 8.8 and 5.7 breast cancer deaths prevented per 1000 women screened for 20 years starting at age 50 from the Two-County Trial and screening programme in England, respectively. The corresponding estimated numbers of cases overdiagnosed per 1000 women screened for 20 years were, respectively, 4.3 and 2.3 per 1000. Conclusions The benefit of mammographic screening in terms of lives saved is greater in absolute terms than the harm in terms of overdiagnosis. Between 2 and 2.5 lives are saved for every overdiagnosed case.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Mammographic Screening from Age 40 (‘age’ Trial): Patterns of Screening Attendance
Authors: Johns L E , Moss S M ,   Trial Management Group, Bobrow L , Cuckle H , Evans A , Kutt E , Record C , Thomas B A 
Published: March 2010

Background The Age trial was a randomized controlled trial to study the effect on breast cancer mortality of invitation to annual mammography from age 40 to 41. Uptake of invitation to screening mammography in UK women aged below 50 is of interest, particularly in the light of the recent announcement that the national breast screening programme will begin inviting women from age 47. Methods The trial took place in 23 National Health Service breast screening units in England, Wales and Scotland between 1991 and 2004. Data on invitation and attendance during 13 years of trial fieldwork were analysed. The participants were 53,884 women in the intervention arm of the Age trial who were randomized to receive annual invitation to mammography from age 40 or 41 up to age 48. The trial is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN24647151. Results Uptake of invitation to routine screening was 68% at first round and 69% at subsequent rounds. A total of 43,709 women in the intervention arm (81%) attended at least one routine screen and 23,262 (43%) attended at least seven screens; 31,392 women attended 75% or more of all routine invitations they were offered. Previous trial attendance was a predictor of subsequent uptake; attendance was inversely related to Townsend deprivation score. Conclusion Uptake in this trial was comparable with that in the UK screening programme for women aged over 50. There was an inverse relationship between deprivation level and the number of screens attended.