bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHEMORECEPTION IN DECAPOD CRUSTACEA AND CHEMICAL FEEDING STIMULANTS AS POTENTIAL FEED ADDITIVES
Authors: Heinen John M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTypes of chemical feeding effectors are listed, and locations and functions of decapod chemoreceptors are discussed. Low molecular weight substances found most stimulatory in behavioral, physiological, and electrophysiological studies on decapods are tabulated. Most of these chemicals have not been widely tested, and some are prohibitively expensive for use in feeds. The most generally stimulatory single substances are L‐glutamic acid, glycine, and taurine. Mixtures of substances can be more effective than single substances; e.g., the use of betaine plus amino acids shows some promise.
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY PROTEIN CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH, FEED CONVERSION AND GENERAL METABOLISM OF JUVENILE PRAWN (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)1
Authors: Millikin Mark R. , Fortner Alan R. , Fair Patricia H. , Sick Lowell V. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTJuvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii cultured in closed systems were offered one of four dietary protein concentrations, each containing a 1.65:1 ratio of menhaden fish meal to soy proteinate. After 6 and 10 weeks, the 40 and 49% protein treatments promoted significantly higher weight gain than those individuals offered 32 and 23% protein. Additionally, during the same time intervals, the 32% protein treatment resulted in better growth of prawn than the 23% protein treatment. After 14 weeks, prawn fed the 40% protein concentration produced a significantly higher cumulative weight gain than prawn offered 49, 32 and 23% protein. Feed conversion ratios were significantly lower (i.e., better) in the 40% protein treatment compared to the 23% protein treatment after 10 and 14 weeks (P ≤ 0.05). Survival rates were similar for all dietary treatments within any one time interval (6, 10 and 14 weeks). Protein efficiency ratio was lower in prawn fed 49% protein vs 40% proten after 10 weeks. The 40% protein treatment was more cost‐effective than 49% protein treatment throughout the study when considering growth, feed conversion ratios and protein efficiency ratios.Although these results indicate a higher total dietary protein requirement for this species than that reported for most other prawns (27–35% protein), exact requirements will undoubtedly vary with alterations of the amino acid profile, variation in dietary supplementation of macro‐and micronutrients other than protein, and changes in selected environmental factors.
INFLUENCE OF THE FEEDING LEVEL ON GROWTH, FEED CONVERSION, PROTEIN EFFICIENCY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JUVENILE EUROPEAN SEA‐BASS (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Métailler R. , Dehapiot T. , Huelvan C. , Vendeville J. E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThree experiments were carried out in which young European sea‐bass (average initial weight from 9 to 29 g) were submitted to different restricted food intakes based upon standard lots fed ad libitum.Growth always improved with increasing food intake, but tended to reach a plateau. Body and nutritional parameters improved when food intake decreased to 70–80% of the ad libitum level. Chemical body composition was rather constant. Only lipids were clearly affected by food intake, increasing with it.Food chemical composition greatly influenced body composition. When diets contained a high level of protein and a low level of carbohydrate, fat deposition in various parts of the body decreased significantly.
THE MATURATION AND SPAWNING OF Penaeus stylirostris UNDER CONTROLLED LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Brown A. , McVey J. P. , Scott B. M. , Williams T. D. , Middleditch B. S. , Lawrence A. L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTApproximately 35 female Penaeus stylirostris from Costa Rica and Mexico held at the National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston Laboratory, mated and spawned at least 247 times within a 190‐day period producing over 98 times 106 eggs. Average fecundity was 397,000 eggs and each female spawned between 9 and 10 times. The hatching rate varied from 0–85% with an average around 50%.Female shrimp were ablated and placed in 3 m diameter tanks at a sex ratio of 1:1. The salinity ranged from 20–30 ppt and water temperature was maintained at 29–30°C. The diet consisted of polychaete worms, squid and sometimes a pelleted food in the ratio of 1:2:1. The photo‐period was 14 h/day using standard fluorescent lighting. No natural sunlight was available to the shrimp.Mating behavior was observed to start around 1400–1500 h and continued until 2200–2230 h and later. Female shrimp observed with a spermatophore were captured and placed in spawning tanks, and the water was treated with EDTA and Maracyn I and Maracyn II. Egg production and hatching rate were calculated for each spawning tank. Nauplii were transferred to the hatchery facility and viability determined for selected spawns. Survival to postlarvae varied considerably and no conclusions can be made at this time regarding the reasons for variability. Over 746,000 postlarvae were produced.
APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF DOMESTICATION IN THE FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE ANUENUE AND MALAYSIAN STOCKS
Authors: Malecha S. , Sarver D. , Onizuka D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTWe used the wide native distribution of the prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) to search for intraspecific variation which may be useful in its domestication and assessing the degree to which it has progressed so far in the cultured Anuenue stock. Although the species gene pool appears to be diverse based on genetic distance calculations we could find no useful allometric variation in genetic stocks and their hybrids derived from imported founders representing geographic areas in the prawn's natural range. A set of behavioral tests showed a superior performance in growth of cultured Anuenue over other wild stocks suggesting that the former has undergone incipient domestication. A direct comparison in a battery of other tests between the Anuenue stock and its wild relative, the Malaysian stock, failed to confirm this. In fact, in 2 out of the 10 tests the Malaysian stock demonstrated superior performance. It appears that the Anuenue stock has diverged very little under culture from its wild relatives. This may be due to the current management practices in choosing brood stock.
GENETICS OF THE RED SWAMP CRAWFISH, Procambarus clarkii (GIRARD): STATE‐OF‐THE‐ART
Authors: Black Joe B. , Huner Jay V. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe inheritance patterns of three mutants (light blue body color, dark [French] blue body color, and white eye color) of Procambarus clarkii were determined. All were initially discovered in specimens in nature which were subsequently inbred for six to eight generations in the laboratory to determine inheritance patterns. The light blue body color allele, in which specimens appear powder blue and have reduced numbers of chromatophores, was found to transmit as a simple recessive allele to normal body color. The allele for French blue body color is recessive to its normal allele also, but is known only in females. Homozygosity for the French blue allele is apparently lethal to males. Male carriers for the allele have normal pigmentation. The body color of both alleles is partially due to a carotenoid pigment conjugated with protein. The pigment is tentaively identified as crustacyanin which partially replaces the normal astaxanthin in the exoskeleton which retains its blue color when shed in molting. The white eye phenotype results from the absence of distal and retinular screening pigments. The accessory pigments around the bases of the rhabdoms are still present and appear white in reflected light and pinkish brown in transmitted light. The white eye allele is inherited as a simple recessive mutant allele. Specimens with this allele do not see well in bright light but function normally in dim light. Reciprocal dihybrid crosses of these three mutants showed no evidence of linkage. Field records of mutants and estimates of frequency (white eye color) in natural populations are discussed.
WINTER INDUCED MATING IN THE STONE CRAB, Menippe mercenaria
Authors: McConaugha John R. , McNally Kathy , Goy Joseph W. , Costlow John D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTWinter field collected animals were maintained in a closed seawater system with a salinity of 30 ppt and gradually acclimated to 25±1°C over a 2.5 week period. A 12:12 day:night cycle was maintained. The crabs were fed a diet of frozen fish, scallops, and clams. Molting and copulation occurred 40 to 57 days after acclimation. Egg masses were produced 82 to 109 days after mating. One female produced a second sponge 45 days later. Larvae from the first two egg masses were reared in the laboratory to the first crab stage. Survival was within the normal range for laboratory culture of this species. This study indicates that it is feasible to maintain a continually reproducing population of Menippe mercenaria under laboratory conditions, which in conjunction with larval mass culture systems could be used to provide seedling stocks for natural resource management and mariculture.
STATUS, POTENTIALS AND PROBLEMS OF MARICULTURE IN COSTA RICA
Authors: Naegel Ludwig C. A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDespite the existence of important fishery resources and a considerable potential for aquaculture the present annual fish consumption in Costa Rica amounts to about 4 kg per capita, which represents only about 2% of the total consumed protein. Due to a low rating of aquatic organisms among the food preferences Costa Rica has in the past shown only a relatively little interest in mariculture.However, a favorable political climate, limited legal restrictions, production incentives, an existing basic infrastructure, and suitable sites for mariculture, especially for the farming of the blue and white shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris and P. vannamei) and of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), have in the last years attracted the interest of private companies for investment in mariculture, and for the production of luxury food for exportation, mainly to the United States.The intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture endangers many of the existing and potential sites for aquaculture. The lack of trained manpower, willing to do practical work in mariculture enterprises, adds to the difficulties for expanding and intensifying mariculture in Costa Rica.
The Alperin weight conjecture and Uno’s conjecture for the Monster 𝕄, p odd
Authors: An Jianbei , Wilson R. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSuppose that p is 3,5,7,11 or 13. We classify the radical p-chains of the Monster 𝕄 and verify the Alperin weight conjecture and Uno’s reductive conjecture for 𝕄, the latter being a refinement of Dade’s reductive conjecture and the Isaacs–Navarro conjecture.
Points of low height on elliptic surfaces with torsion
Authors: Jain Sonal 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe determine the smallest possible canonical height $\hat {h}(P)$ for a non-torsion point P of an elliptic curve E over a function field ℂ(t) of discriminant degree 12n with a 2-torsion point for n=1,2,3, and with a 3-torsion point for n=1,2. For each m=2,3, we parametrize the set of triples (E,P,T) of an elliptic curve E/ℚ with a rational point P and m-torsion point T that satisfy certain integrality conditions by an open subset of ℙ2. We recover explicit equations for all elliptic surfaces (E,P,T) attaining each minimum by locating them as curves in our projective models. We also prove that for n=1,2 , these heights are minimal for elliptic curves over a function field of any genus. In each case, the optimal (E,P,T) are characterized by their patterns of integral points.
The minimal density of triangles in tripartite graphs
Authors: Baber Rahil , Johnson J. Robert , Talbot John 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe determine the minimal density of triangles in a tripartite graph with prescribed edge densities. This extends a previous result of Bondy, Shen, Thomassé and Thomassen characterizing those edge densities guaranteeing the existence of a triangle in a tripartite graph. To be precise we show that a suitably weighted copy of the graph formed by deleting a certain 9-cycle from K3,3,3 has minimal triangle density among all weighted tripartite graphs with prescribed edge densities.Supplementary materials are available with this article.
The complexity of the four colour theorem
Authors: Calude Cristian S. , Calude Elena 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe four colour theorem states that the vertices of every planar graph can be coloured with at most four colours so that no two adjacent vertices receive the same colour. This theorem is famous for many reasons, including the fact that its original 1977 proof includes a non-trivial computer verification. Recently, a formal proof of the theorem was obtained with the equational logic program Coq [G. Gonthier, ‘Formal proof–the four color theorem’, Notices of Amer. Math. Soc. 55 (2008) no. 11, 1382–1393]. In this paper we describe an implementation of the computational method introduced by C. S. Calude and co-workers [Evaluating the complexity of mathematical problems. Part 1’, Complex Systems 18 (2009) 267–285; A new measure of the difficulty of problems’, J. Mult. Valued Logic Soft Comput. 12 (2006) 285–307] to evaluate the complexity of the four colour theorem. Our method uses a Diophantine equational representation of the theorem. We show that the four colour theorem is in the complexity class ℭU,4. For comparison, the Riemann hypothesis is in class ℭU,3 while Fermat’s last theorem is in class ℭU,1.
Is potroom asthma due more to sulphur dioxide than fluoride? An inception cohort study in the Australian aluminium industry
Authors: Abramson Michael John , Benke Geza Paul , Cui Jisheng , de Klerk Nicholas Hubert , Del Monaco Anthony , Dennekamp Martine , Fritschi Lin , Musk Arthur William , Sim Malcolm Ross 
Published: August 2010

ObjectivesAlthough an asthma-like syndrome has been recognised in aluminium smelter workers for over 70 years, the causal agent has been difficult to identify.MethodsAn inception cohort study was conducted at two Australian aluminium smelters where 446 employees participated over a period of 9 years. Cumulative exposures between interviews were estimated from job histories using a task exposure matrix based on measurements in the smelters. Participants completed an MRC respiratory questionnaire, spirometry and methacholine challenge test. Data were analysed with generalised estimating equations to allow for repeated measurements of each participant.ResultsWheeze and chest tightness, the two symptoms most closely related to asthma, showed associations with occupational exposures. SO2exposure was significantly associated with these symptoms, bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) to methacholine (a feature of asthma), airflow limitation (reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio) and longitudinal decline in lung function. Fluoride exposure was associated with the same outcomes, but less strongly. Inhalable dust and the benzene soluble fraction (BSF) were associated with symptoms of asthma and BHR. Although many of the exposures were highly correlated, further modelling suggested that of the known respiratory irritants, SO2was more likely than fluoride to be primarily responsible for the symptoms observed. Fluoride, inhalable dust and SO2were the most important airborne contaminants associated with effects on lung function.ConclusionsThe observed effects were detected at contaminant levels within occupational exposure standards, so further reductions are required, particularly in SO2exposures.
Symptoms of psychological distress and suicidal ideation among banana workers with a history of poisoning by organophosphate or n-methyl carbamate pesticides
Authors: Wesseling Catharina , van Wendel de Joode Berna , Keifer Matthew , London Leslie , Mergler Donna , Stallones Lorann 
Published: August 2010

ObjectivesNeuropsychiatric disorders and increased suicide rates have been associated with exposure to cholinesterase inhibiting organophosphates. This study examined symptoms of psychological distress, including suicidal ideation, among banana workers in Costa Rica previously exposed to a cholinesterase inhibiting pesticide.Methods78 workers who had received medical attention 1–3 years previously for occupational pesticide poisoning were recruited: 54 had been exposed to organophosphate, 24 to carbamate, and 43 and 35, respectively, had single and multiple poisoning episodes with a cholinesterase inhibitor. Referents were 130 non-poisoned workers randomly selected from company payrolls. Psychological distress symptoms during the month prior to interview were obtained using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), which has a general severity index and nine subscale scores. Differences in abnormal BSI scores (T score≥63) were assessed through multivariate logistic regression for all poisoned and for subcategories of poisoned as compared to non-poisoned workers.ResultsOrganophosphate poisoned workers reported significantly more symptoms than non-poisoned on all but one symptom dimension. Significant trends of increasing symptoms with increasing number of previous poisonings were seen for somatisation, obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, depression and anxiety. Carbamate poisoned workers only had increased scores for somatisation. The ORs for suicidal thoughts were: all poisoned 3.58 (95% CI 1.45 to 8.84); organophosphate poisoned 3.72 (1.41 to 9.81); carbamate poisoned 2.57 (0.73 to 9.81); and 2.65 and 4.98, respectively for 1 and ≥2 poisonings (trend p=0.01).ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study showed a relationship between acute occupational poisoning with organophosphates and psychological distress including suicidal ideation. Stronger designs are needed to address causality.
Secondhand tobacco smoke in bars and restaurants in Santiago, Chile: evaluation of partial smoking ban legislation in public places
Authors: Erazo Marcia , Iglesias Veronica , Droppelmann Andrea , Acuña Marisol , Peruga Armando , Breysse Patrick N , Navas-Acien Ana 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveTo compare air nicotine concentrations according to the smoking policy selected by bars/restaurants in Santiago, Chile before and after the enactment of partial smoking ban legislation in 2007 (establishments could be smoke free, have segregated (mixed) smoking and non-smoking areas, or allow smoking in all areas).MethodsThe study measured air nicotine concentrations over 7 days to characterise secondhand smoke exposure in 30 bars/restaurants in 2008. Owner/manager interviews and physical inspections were conducted.ResultsMedian IQR air nicotine concentrations measured in all venues were 4.38 (0.61–13.62) μg/m3. Air nicotine concentrations were higher in bars (median 7.22, IQR 2.48–15.64 μg/m3) compared to restaurants (1.12, 0.15–9.22 μg/m3). By smoking status, nicotine concentrations were higher in smoking venues (13.46, 5.31–16.87 μg/m3), followed by smoking areas in mixed venues (9.22, 5.09–14.90 μg/m3) and non-smoking areas in mixed venues (0.99, 0.19–1.27 μg/m3). Air nicotine concentrations were markedly lower in smoke-free venues (0.12, 0.11–0.46 μg/m3). After adjustment for differences in volume and ventilation, air nicotine concentrations were 3.2, 35.5 and 56.2 times higher in non-smoking areas in mixed venues, smoking areas in mixed venues and smoking venues, respectively, compared to smoke-free venues.ConclusionsExposure to secondhand smoke remains high in bars and restaurants in Santiago, Chile. These findings demonstrate that the partial smoking ban legislation enacted in Chile in 2007 provides no protection to employees working in those venues. Enacting a comprehensive smoke-free legislation which protects all people from exposure to secondhand smoke in all public places and workplaces is urgently needed.
Synergistic Chemosensitivity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines to Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition, Gemcitabine, and Cisplatin
Authors: Hastak Kedar , Alli Elizabeth , Ford James M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The basal-like subtype of breast cancer is characterized by a triple-negative (TN) phenotype (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu negative). TN breast cancers share similar gene expression profiles and DNA repair deficiencies with BRCA1-associated breast cancers. BRCA1-mutant cells exhibit sensitivity to gemcitabine, cisplatin, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition; therefore, we hypothesized that TN cancer cells may also exhibit sensitivity to these drugs. In this study, we report that TN breast cancer cells are more sensitive to these drugs compared with non-TN breast cancer cells. Moreover, combination treatments indicated that PARP inhibition by the small-molecule inhibitor PJ34 or siRNA knockdown synergized with gemcitabine and cisplatin in TN cells but not in luminal cancer cells. TN cells exhibited reduced repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers after PARP inhibition, suggesting that the synergistic effect of PJ34 and gemcitabine or cisplatin reflected inefficient nucleotide excision repair. Mechanistic investigations revealed that in TN cells, PJ34 reduced the levels of ΔNp63α with a concurrent increase in p73 and its downstream target p21. Thus, the sensitivity to combination treatment seemed to be mediated by sustained DNA damage and inefficient DNA repair triggering p63/p73–mediated apoptosis. Our results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy to treat women with TN breast cancer, an aggressive disease that presently lacks effective treatment options. Cancer Res; 70(20); 7970–80. ©2010 AACR.
Dietary Fish Oil Alters T Lymphocyte Cell Populations and Exacerbates Disease in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Colitis
Authors: Woodworth Hillary L. , McCaskey Sarah J. , Duriancik David M. , Clinthorne Jonathan F. , Langohr Ingeborg M. , Gardner Elizabeth M. , Fenton Jenifer I. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Dietary components that reduce inflammation are associated with lower cancer risk. The long-chain omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is present in fish oil and has potent anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study is to determine whether dietary fish oil enriched with DHA (DFO) could reduce experimentally induced colitis and colon cancer risk in a mouse model. When SMAD3−/− mice are exposed to Helicobacter hepaticus, mild colitis is observed 4 weeks postinfection. Mice were fed isocaloric diets modified to include corn oil, safflower oil, or DFO (doses ranging from 0.75% to 6.00%) as the fatty acid source for 8 weeks. Mice were gavaged with H. hepaticus; DFO feeding was continued; and mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after infection. The colon and cecum were collected for histopathology. Spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected and analyzed for T-cell populations using flow cytometry. Contrary to expectations, DFO induced severe colitis and adenocarcinoma formation. DFO consumption was associated with decreased CD8+ cell frequency and diminished CD69 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations. Mice consuming DFO also exhibited higher FoxP3+ CD25+ CD4+ T regulatory cell frequency, FoxP3 expression, and altered L-selectin expression during infection. We concluded that DFO-fed mice may be less equipped to mount a successful response to H. hepaticus infection, increasing colon cancer risk. These results support the need to establish a tolerable upper limit for DHA intake particularly in the context of chronic inflammatory conditions such as IBD. Cancer Res; 70(20); 7960–9. ©2010 AACR.