bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Health Effects of Worksite HIV/AIDS Interventions: A Review of the Research Literature
Authors: Wilson Mark G. , Jorgensen Cynthia , Cole Galen 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To examine the individual and organizational health effects of HIV/AIDS interventions conducted at the worksite. Search Methods. This review is part of a series of reviews that used search methods described in an introductory article. To supplement these methods, HIV/AIDS-specific periodicals were searched to include journals that might not be incorporated in the computerized databases. Twelve of the 20 articles identified through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and our own subsequent searches met the criteria and were included in this review. Findings. Ten of the 12 studies reviewed reported positive effects of employee education programs on knowledge or attitudes. Nine of the studies involved health care workers or employees with potential occupational exposure to HIV, and nine lacked a comparison or control group. None of the studies however, examined the effects of policies, manager training, or family education on the organization or person. Conclusions. Methodologic weaknesses in many of the studies reviewed, coupled with the small number of studies, led us to conclude that the research literature on worksite HIV/AIDS interventions is weak. Impact is, however, plausible. Future research should be directed toward developing valid measures of key variables, controlling for confounding factors, and ultimately examining the impact of organizational factors.
Relationship of Trait, Type A Behavior, and Physical Fitness Variables to Cardiovascular Reactivity and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Potential
Authors: Hendrix William H. , Hughes Richard L. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This research investigated the effects of individual characteristics on cardiovascular reactivity, and in turn on the potential for developing coronary heart disease. Design. Path analysis was performed using LISREL, a structural equation modeling program providing maximum likelihood estimators and goodness-of-fit measures. Setting. Data were collected during a health assessment program, from participants attending a Department of Defense senior service school. Subjects. Participants were 134 senior-ranking male military and civilian employee volunteers, representing approximately 84 % of all students in training. Measures. Five individual characteristics, four measures of cardiovascular reactivity, and one coronary heart disease risk potential variable were investigated. These included Physical Fitness, Type A behavior, Trait Anger and Trait Anxiety, Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressure measures, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Results. Significant path coefficients (critical ratios > 2) indicated that the mean diastolic blood pressure under a video stress condition was predictive of increased potential of developing coronary heart disease (.51), while hard driving Type A behavior was a cardiovascular reactivity antecedent associated with an increase in coronary heart disease risk directly (.14) and indirectly (.39). Physical fitness, on the other hand, had a positive affect in that increased fitness was related to lower cardiovascular reactivity when participants were stressed (−.58). Conclusions. Physical fitness is indirectly beneficial in reducing coronary heart disease risk potential by reducing an individual's diastolic blood pressure response, while scoring high as a Type A Hard Driving personality increases cardiovascular reactivity and coronary heart disease risk. This study is limited to middle-aged males who were generally healthy and displayed concern for their health.
A Review of Health-Related Outcomes of Multi-Component Worksite Health Promotion Programs
Authors: Heaney Catherine A. , Goetzel Ron Z. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to critically review evaluation studies of the health-related effects (i.e., health risk modification and reduction in worker absenteeism) of multi-component worksite health promotion programs. Search method. A comprehensive literature search conducted under the auspices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified 36 articles that examined health-related outcomes of multi-component programs. The authors identified 11 additional articles through manual searches of recent journal issues and through personal contacts with worksite health promotion researchers. Forty-seven studies describing the results of 35 worksite health promotion programs were reviewed. Important findings. The worksite health promotion programs reviewed for this article varied tremendously in the comprehensiveness, intensity, and duration of the intervention activities. All of the programs provided health education to employees. In a majority of the programs, opportunities to learn and practice new skills were also offered. A smaller number of programs incorporated modifications in organizational policy or the physical work environment. Results from well-conducted randomized trials suggest that providing opportunities for individual risk reduction counseling for high risk employees within the context of comprehensive programming may be the critical component of an effective worksite health promotion program. Just offering low intensity, short duration programs aimed at increasing awareness of health issues for the entire employee population may not be sufficient to achieve desired outcomes. Major conclusions. The results of the studies reviewed provide both cautious optimism about the effectiveness of these worksite programs and some general guidance as to the critical components and characteristics of successful programs. Overall, the evidence suggests that a rating of indicative/acceptable may best characterize this literature.
Smoking Behavior among Adolescents in the City, Suburbs, and Rural Areas of Shanghai
Authors: Sun Wei Yue , Ling Tan 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. The study was designed to investigate differences in predisposing factors, enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and smoking behavior among middle school students living in the city, suburbs, and rural areas of Shanghai. Design. A one-time cross-sectional survey design was applied in this study. Setting. The study was conducted in 11 schools in three areas. Subjects. A total number of 1116 students from these three areas participated in this study. The response rates were 92, 88, and 84% for city, suburbs, and rural areas, respectively. Measure. A PRECEDE instrument including predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors was employed to collect data. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data. Results. Smoking was reported by 39.8% of boys and 5.14% of girls. Students in the city of Shanghai had the best (against smoking) predisposing factors, but students in rural areas had the best (against smoking) enabling and reinforcing factors and consumed the fewest cigarettes. Conclusion. Results indicated that smoking behavior in students was affected strongly by enabling factors and reinforcing factors that were related to socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental influences in China.
Recruiting Worksites to Participate in a Health Promotion Research Study
Authors: Thompson Beti , van Leynseele June , Beresford Shirley A. A. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. In this study, the type and size of participating and nonparticipating worksites in a health promotion research trial were examined. Design. In-person and telephone contacts were made with representatives from a random sample of eligible worksites recruited to participate in a research trial to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Setting. Worksites that had 250 to 2000 employees and a worksite cafeteria were recruited. Subjects. Eighty-one worksites were contacted. Measures. A census of eligible worksites (N = 109) formed the recruitment base, and a random selection of worksites (N = 81) was personally contacted and asked to participate in the research. Information on size, type of worksite, and a worksite representative was obtained from a privately compiled list covering the greater Puget Sound area. Eligibility for the project included the presence of an onsite cafeteria at the worksite as assessed by a brief telephone call. Results. Thirty-six of the contacted worksites (44.5%) agreed to participate. There were no significant differences in participation by type or size of worksite. Discussion. Worksites can be recruited to participate in research trials. No particular type or size of worksite is more likely to participate. Instituting pre-randomization participation conditions may reduce post-randomization dropout by ascertaining compliance with research requirements before randomization.
Evaluation of a Supermarket Intervention to Increase Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Kristal Alan R. , Goldenhar Linda , Muldoon Joann , Morton Roscoe F. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a supermarket point-of-purchase intervention could increase shoppers' consumption of fruits and vegetables. Methods. Eight supermarkets in rural Iowa were randomized to receive either an 8-month intervention or no intervention. The intervention consisted of (1) one-page supermarket flyers that identified fruits and vegetables on sale, gave recipes and menu ideas for using sale foods, and gave a store coupon worth 50 cents toward the purchase of any fruit or vegetable; (2) store signage to identify fruits and vegetables featured on the flyer; and (3) consciousness raising activities such as food demonstrations and nutrition related signage. Evaluation was based on exit interviews and take-home surveys, completed by random samples of 120 shoppers from each store at baseline and approximately 1-year post randomization. Results. At follow-up, 42.9% of intervention store shoppers and 6.5% of control shoppers recalled seeing the intervention flyer. Thirty-six percent of intervention shoppers had used a 50-cent coupon and 18% had used a recipe. Approximately 70% of all shoppers had purchased fruits or vegetables on the day they were interviewed, which did not differ between intervention and control stores. Compared to change in control shoppers, there was a borderline statistically significant 8.4 percentage point increase (p <.07) in the percentage of intervention store shoppers in the action or maintenance stages of dietary change, but there was no corresponding increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. Discussion. Studies to test point-of-purchase interventions are difficult to design, implement, and evaluate. More powerful interventions are probably necessary to induce shoppers to purchase and consume more fruits and vegetables.
MODELING AND OPTIMIZING PROPERTIES OF NANOCLAY–NITRILE RUBBER COMPOSITES USING BOX–BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: Balachandran Meera , Bhagawan S. S. , Muraleekrishnan R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer (NBR)–organomodified layered silicate (nanoclay) was modeled using design of experiments approach. A Box–Behnken design with three factors and three levels was used to model the relationship between properties of NBR nanocomposites and the ingredients. The factors considered in the design were silica content, nanoclay loading, and dicumyl peroxide content. The nanocomposites were evaluated for tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break, oxygen permeation rate, and effect of oil and heat aging on mechanical properties. Regression equations were generated to model the properties of interest and generate response surfaces and contour plots. The predicted properties of the nanocomposites were in good agreement with the experimental results. The contour plots were overlaid within the applied constraints to identify the combination of factor ranges that gives the optimal performance of the nanocomposites for application as control system bladders in satellite launch vehicles.
Aspects of Area Deprivation Index in Relation to Hippocampal Volume Among Children
Authors: Ku Benson S. , Aberizk Katrina , Feurer Cope , Yuan Qingyue , Druss Benjamin G. , Jeste Dilip V. , Walker Elaine F. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceArea deprivation index (ADI) has been shown to be associated with reduced hippocampal volume (HV) among youths. The social environment may interact with the association between ADI and HV.ObjectiveTo investigate which aspects of ADI are uniquely associated with bilateral HV and whether school and family environments have moderating interactions in associations between ADI and HV.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Participants aged 9 and 10 years were recruited from 21 sites in the US between September 2016 and August 2018. Data analysis was performed between March 2023 and April 2024.ExposuresADI aspects were derived from participant primary home addresses provided by parents or guardians.Main Outcomes and MeasuresHV was automatically segmented from structural brain images ascertained from magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple generalized linear mixed modeling tested associations between 9 indices of ADI and bilateral HV, with family groups and recruitment sites as random effects. After stepwise backward selection, models were adjusted for individual-level covariates, including age, sex, race and ethnicity, parental education, household income, and estimated intracranial volume.ResultsThis study included 10 114 participants aged 9 and 10 years (median [IQR] age, 9.92 [9.33-10.48] years; 5294 male [52.3%]; 200 Asian [2.0%], 1411 Black [14.0%], and 6655 White [65.8%]; 1959 Hispanic [19.4%]). After stepwise backward selection and adjusting for covariates, only the percentage of neighborhood-level single-parent households was associated with right HV (adjusted β per 1-SD increase in single-parent households, −0.03; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.01; P = .01). School environment interacted with neighborhood-level single-parent households in its association with right HV (adjusted β per 1-SD increase in score, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = .003), such that there was an inverse association only among those at a school with the mean environment score (adjusted β per 1% increase in single-parent households, −0.03; 95% CI, −0.05 to −0.01; P = .02) and worse (−1 SD score) school environment score (adjusted β per 1% increase in single-parent households, −0.05; 95% CI, −0.09 to −0.01; P &amp;lt; .001) but not among those at better (+1 SD score) school environments.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, an increased percentage of neighborhood-level single-parent households was associated with reduced right HV among children in schools with the mean or worse but not better environment score. These findings suggest that longitudinal research concerning the association of neighborhood-level characteristics and school environments with hippocampal development may be warranted to better understand complex interactions between various social factors and child neurodevelopment and mental health outcomes.
Surgical Approach and Long-Term Recurrence After Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Fry Brian T. , Howard Ryan A. , Thumma Jyothi R. , Norton Edward C. , Dimick Justin B. , Sheetz Kyle H. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceThe prevalence of robotic-assisted anterior abdominal wall (ventral) hernia repair has increased dramatically in recent years, despite conflicting evidence of patient benefit. Whether long-term hernia recurrence rates following robotic-assisted repairs are lower than rates following more established laparoscopic or open approaches remains unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between robotic-assisted, laparoscopic, and open approaches to ventral hernia repair and long-term operative hernia recurrence.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsSecondary retrospective cohort analysis using Medicare claims data examining adults 18 years and older who underwent elective inpatient ventral, incisional, or umbilical hernia repair from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed from January 2023 through March 2024.ExposureOperative approach to ventral hernia repair, which included robotic-assisted, laparoscopic, and open approaches.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was operative hernia recurrence for up to 10 years after initial hernia repair. To help account for potential bias from unmeasured patient factors (eg, hernia size), an instrumental variable analysis was performed using regional variation in the adoption of robotic-assisted hernia repair over time as the instrument. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the risk-adjusted cumulative incidence of operative recurrence up to 10 years after the initial procedure, controlling for factors such as patient age, sex, race and ethnicity, comorbidities, and hernia subtype (ventral/incisional or umbilical).ResultsA total of 161 415 patients were included in the study; mean (SD) patient age was 69 (10.8) years and 67 592 patients (41.9%) were male. From 2010 to 2020, the proportion of robotic-assisted procedures increased from 2.1% (415 of 20 184) to 21.9% (1737 of 7945), while the proportion of laparoscopic procedures decreased from 23.8% (4799 of 20 184) to 11.9% (946 of 7945) and of open procedures decreased from 74.2% (14 970 of 20 184) to 66.2% (5262 of 7945). Patients undergoing robotic-assisted hernia repair had a higher 10-year risk-adjusted cumulative incidence of operative recurrence (13.43%; 95% CI, 13.36%-13.50%) compared with both laparoscopic (12.33%; 95% CI, 12.30%-12.37%; HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.94) and open (12.74%; 95% CI, 12.71%-12.78%; HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97) approaches. These trends were directionally consistent regardless of surgeon procedure volume.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that the rate of long-term operative recurrence was higher for patients undergoing robotic-assisted ventral hernia repair compared with laparoscopic and open approaches. This suggests that narrowing clinical applications and evaluating the specific advantages and disadvantages of each approach may improve patient outcomes following ventral hernia repairs.
Synchronization analysis of fuzzy inertial neural networks with time‐varying delays via non‐reduced order method
Authors: Liu Zhenjiang , Pu Yi‐Fei 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn this article, the asymptotic synchronization of a class of fuzzy inertial neural networks (FINNs) with time‐varying delays is investigated. First, the direct analysis approach is applied to replace the accustomed variable transformation and the reduced‐order method for addressing the inertial term. Second, a suitable Lyapunov function and control scheme are devised to obtain several new sufficient conditions to guarantee the asymptotic synchronization of the class of FINNs with time‐varying delays. It turns out that the obtained criteria are simpler and more effective. Meanwhile, some numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies and verify the theoretical results.
A Single‐Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Triptolide‐Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Wu Jiangpeng , Guo Jinan , Xia Siyu , Chen Jiayun , Cao Min , Xie Lulin , Yang Chuanbin , Qiu Feng , Wang Jigang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTriptolide (TP), an active component isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), shows great promise for treating inflammation‐related diseases. However, its potential nephrotoxic effects remain concerning. The mechanism underlying TP‐induced nephrotoxicity is inadequately elucidated, particularly at single‐cell resolution. Hence, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of kidney tissues from control and TP‐treated mice is performed to generate a thorough description of the renal cell atlas upon TP treatment. Heterogeneous responses of nephron epithelial cells are observed after TP exposure, attributing differential susceptibility of cell subtypes to excessive reactive oxygen species and increased inflammatory responses. Moreover, TP disrupts vascular function by activating endothelial cell immunity and damaging fibroblasts. Severe immune cell damage and the activation of pro‐inflammatory Macro_C1 cells are also observed with TP treatment. Additionally, ligand‐receptor crosstalk analysis reveals that the SPP1 (osteopontin) signaling pathway targeting Macro_C1 cells is triggered by TP treatment, which may promote the infiltration of Macro_C1 cells to exacerbate renal toxicity. Overall, this study provides comprehensive information on the transcriptomic profiles and cellular composition of TP‐associated nephrotoxicity at single‐cell resolution, which can strengthen the understanding of the pathogenesis of TP‐induced nephrotoxicity and provide valuable clues for the discovery of new therapeutic targets to ameliorate TP‐associated nephrotoxicity.
Machine‐Learning‐Enabled Multi‐Frequency Synthesis of Space‐Time‐Coding Digital Metasurfaces
Authors: Rossi Marco , Zhang Lei , Chen Xiao Qing , Liu Che , Castaldi Giuseppe , Cui Tie Jun , Galdi Vincenzo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDigital metasurfaces based on space‐time coding have established themselves as a powerful and versatile platform for joint spatial/spectral control of electromagnetic waves. However, their advanced design remains a largely open problem with significant computational challenges. This study introduces a novel approach, based on deep neural networks, to address this challenge. The proposed technique enables the simultaneous and independent multi‐frequency synthesis of scattering patterns, allowing precise tailoring of the harmonic equivalent currents (both in magnitude and phase), and enhancing spectral efficiency. These results, experimentally validated at X‐band microwave frequencies, substantially broaden the capabilities of space‐time coding digital metasurfaces, paving the way for advanced applications in wireless communications, sensing, and imaging.
On‐Surface Covalent Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials by Harnessing Carbon gem‐Polyhalides
Authors: Urgel José I. , Sánchez‐Grande Ana , Vicent Diego J. , Jelínek Pavel , Martín Nazario , Écija David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe design of innovative carbon‐based nanostructures stands at the forefront of both chemistry and materials science. In this context, π‐conjugated compounds are of great interest due to their impact in a variety of fields, including optoelectronics, spintronics, energy storage, sensing and catalysis. Despite extensive research efforts, substantial knowledge gaps persist in the synthesis and characterization of new π‐conjugated compounds with potential implications for science and technology. On‐surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful discipline to overcome limitations associated with conventional solution chemistry methods, offering advanced tools to characterize the resulting nanomaterials. This review specifically highlights recent achievements in the utilization of molecular precursors incorporating carbon geminal (gem)‐polyhalides as functional groups to guide the formation of π‐conjugated 0D species, as well as 1D, quasi‐1D π‐conjugated polymers, and 2D nanoarchitectures. By delving into reaction pathways, novel structural designs, and the electronic, magnetic, and topological features of the resulting products, the review provides fundamental insights for a new generation of π‐conjugated materials.